{
  "version": "26.0.0",
  "version_label": "26.0.0",
  "version_date": "2026-06",
  "versions": [
    {
      "id": "26.0.0",
      "label": "26.0.0 (current)",
      "date": "2026-06",
      "current": true
    }
  ],
  "citation": {
    "apa": "Fábián, B., Cuijpers, P. and Harrer, M. (2026). Reference Standard Deviations for SMD Calculations in Mental Health Trials (v26.0.0) [Data set]. Metapsy. https://metapsy.org/database/sd-reference.html?v=26.0.0",
    "bibtex": "@misc{metapsy-sd-reference,\n  author = {Fábián, Bernát and Cuijpers, Pim and Harrer, Mathias},\n  title  = {Reference Standard Deviations for {SMD} Calculations in Mental Health Trials},\n  year   = {2026},\n  note   = {Version 26.0.0},\n  publisher = {Metapsy},\n  url    = {https://metapsy.org/database/sd-reference.html?v=2}\n}"
  },
  "instruments": {
    "ACQ": "Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire",
    "ADIS-IV": "Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV",
    "ASI": "Anxiety Sensitivity Index",
    "BAI": "Beck Anxiety Inventory",
    "BDI-I": "Beck Depression Inventory I",
    "BDI-II": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
    "BPRS negative": "Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (negative)",
    "BPRS positive": "Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (positive)",
    "BPRS total": "Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (total)",
    "BSI depression": "Brief Symptom Inventory (depression)",
    "BSPS": "Brief Social Phobia Scale",
    "BSS": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
    "CAPS": "Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale",
    "CES-D": "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale",
    "CGI": "Clinical Global Impression scale",
    "CSDD": "Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia",
    "CY-bocs": "Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale",
    "DASS-anxiety": "Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (anxiety)",
    "DASS-depression": "Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (depression)",
    "DOCS": "Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale",
    "EPDS": "Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale",
    "FNE": "Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale",
    "FNE-B": "Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale",
    "FQ": "Fear Questionnaire",
    "FQ-sp": "Fear Questionnaire (social phobia)",
    "GAD-7": "Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale",
    "GAD-CSR": "Generalized Anxiety Disorder Clinical Severity Rating",
    "GAD-Q-IV": "Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire-IV",
    "GDS": "Geriatric Depression Scale",
    "HADS-AS": "Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - Anxiety Subscale",
    "HADS-D": "Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - Depression Subscale",
    "HADS-total": "Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - Total score",
    "HAMA": "Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale",
    "HDRS-17": "Hamilton Depression Rating Scale - 17 item version",
    "HDRS-21": "Hamilton Depression Rating Scale - 21 item version",
    "HDRS-24": "Hamilton Depression Rating Scale - 24 item version",
    "HSCL-D": "Hopkins Symptom Checklist - Depression subscale",
    "IDS": "Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology",
    "IDS-sr": "Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology - Self-Report",
    "IES": "Impact of Event Scale",
    "K-10": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (10-item)",
    "K-sads": "Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia",
    "LSAS": "Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale",
    "LSAS-sr": "Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale - Self-Report",
    "LSAS-sr-avoidance": "Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale - Self-Report (Avoidance subscale)",
    "MADRS": "Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale",
    "MADRS-sr": "Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale - Self-Report",
    "MMPI-d": "Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory - Depression scale",
    "NIMH-gocs": "National Institute of Mental Health Global Obsessive-Compulsive Scale",
    "OASIS": "Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale",
    "OCI": "Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory",
    "OCI-r": "Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory - Revised",
    "Padua": "Padua Inventory",
    "PANSS-negative": "Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Negative subscale",
    "PANSS-positive": "Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Positive subscale",
    "PANSS-total": "Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Total score",
    "PCL": "PTSD Checklist",
    "PDS": "Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale",
    "PDSS": "Panic Disorder Severity Scale",
    "PDSS-SR": "Panic Disorder Severity Scale - Self-Report",
    "PHQ-8": "Patient Health Questionnaire - 8 item version",
    "PHQ-9": "Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 item version",
    "POMS-d": "Profile of Mood States - Depression",
    "PRCS": "Personal Report of Confidence as a Speaker",
    "PSS-I": "PTSD Symptom Scale - Interview Version",
    "PSS-SR": "PTSD Symptom Scale - Self-Report Version",
    "PSWQ": "Penn State Worry Questionnaire",
    "QIDS-c": "Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology - Clinician Rating",
    "QIDS-sr": "Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology - Self-Report",
    "SADS": "Social Avoidance and Distress Scale",
    "SANS-negative": "Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms",
    "SAPS-positive": "Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms",
    "scl-90": "",
    "SCL-90-R-anxiety": "Symptom Checklist-90-Revised - Anxiety subscale",
    "SCL-90-R-depression": "Symptom Checklist-90-Revised - Depression subscale",
    "SDS": "Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale",
    "SIAS": "Social Interaction Anxiety Scale",
    "SIGH-A": "Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Anxiety Scale",
    "SIQ": "Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire",
    "SPAI": "Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory",
    "SPIN": "Social Phobia Inventory",
    "SPS": "Social Phobia Scale",
    "SPSQ": "Social Phobia Screening Questionnaire",
    "SPWSS": "Social Phobia Weekly Summary Scale",
    "STAI-S": "State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - State Scale",
    "STAI-T": "State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - Trait Scale",
    "ybocs": "Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale",
    "Zung": "Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS)"
  },
  "subgroup_values": {
    "No subgroup": ["-"],
    "Control condition": ["Care as usual", "Other", "Waitlist"],
    "Rating": ["Clinician-rated", "Not reported", "Self-rated"],
    "Format": ["Group", "Guided self-help", "Individual", "Other"],
    "Age group": ["Adolescents", "Adults", "Children", "Not specified", "Older adults", "Young adults"],
    "Recruitment": ["Clinic", "Community", "Not reported", "Other", "-"],
    "Comorbidity": ["No comorbidity", "With comorbidity"],
    "Risk of Bias": ["Low risk of bias", "Not low risk of bias"],
    "Country / Region": ["Asia", "Europe", "North America", "Other"]
  },
  "models": ["Fixed-effect", "Influence analysis (sensitivity)", "Outliers removed (sensitivity)", "Overall (pooled)", "Random-effects (RE)", "Three-level CHE model"],
  "indications": ["Depression", "Anxiety", "PTSD", "OCD"],
  "n_records": 2260,
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      "tau2": 1.7205,
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      "phi": 35.027,
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      "psg": null,
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        {
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        {
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Reinecke, 2013",
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        },
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        },
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        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Petterson, 1996",
          "ref": "Petterson K, Cesare S. Panic disorder: a cognitive behavioural approach to treatment. Counselling Psychology Quarterly 1996;9(2):191–201."
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy-Byrne, 2005",
          "ref": "Roy-Byrne PP, Craske MG, Stein MB, et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and medication for primary care panic disorder. Archives of general psychiatry 2005;62(3):290-8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schmidt, 1997b",
          "ref": "Schmidt NB, Trakowski JH, Staab JP. Extinction of panicogenic effects of a 35% CO2 challenge in patients with panic disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1997; 106(4):630–8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shear, 1994",
          "ref": "Shear MK, Pilkonis PA, Cloitre M, et al. Cognitive behavioral treatment compared with nonprescriptive treatment of panic disorder. Archives of general psychiatry 1994;51(5):395-401."
        },
        {
          "study": "Swinson, 1995",
          "ref": "Swinson RP, Fergus KD, Cox BJ, et al. Efficacy of telephone-administered behavioral therapy for panic disorder with agoraphobia. Behaviour research and therapy 1995;33(4):465-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Telch, 1993",
          "ref": "Telch MJ, Lucas JA, Schmidt NB, et al. Group cognitive-behavioral treatment of panic disorder. Behaviour research and therapy 1993;31(3):279-87."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wollburg, 2011",
          "ref": "Wollburg E, Roth WT, Kim S. Effects of breathing training on voluntary hypo- and hyperventilation in patients with panic disorder and episodic anxiety. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback 2011;36:81–91."
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Carter, 2003",
          "ref": "Carter MM, Sbrocco T, Gore KL, et al. Cognitive-behavioral group therapy versus a wait-list control in the treatment of African American women with panic disorder. Cognitive therapy and research 2003;27(5):505‐18."
        },
        {
          "study": "Craske, 1995",
          "ref": "Craske MG, Maidenberg E, Bystritsky A. Brief cognitive-behavioral versus nondirective therapy for panic disorder. Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry 1995;26(2):113-20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Craske, 2005",
          "ref": "Craske MG, Lang AJ, Aikins D, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy for nocturnal panic. Behavior therapy 2005;36(1):43‐54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gould, 1993",
          "ref": "Gould RA, Clum GA, Shapiro D. The use of bibliotherapy in the treatment of panic: A preliminary investigation. Behavior Therapy 1993;24(2):241-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Griegel, 1995",
          "ref": "Griegel LE. Breathing retraining in panic disorder: physiological mechanisms or perceived controllability. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering 1995;55(9):4120."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hazen 1996",
          "ref": "Hazen AL,Walker JR, Eldridge GD. Anxiety sensitivity and treatment outcome in panic disorder. Anxiety 1996;2(1):34–9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Petterson, 1996",
          "ref": "Petterson K, Cesare S. Panic disorder: a cognitive behavioural approach to treatment. Counselling Psychology Quarterly 1996;9(2):191–201."
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy-Byrne, 2005",
          "ref": "Roy-Byrne PP, Craske MG, Stein MB, et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and medication for primary care panic disorder. Archives of general psychiatry 2005;62(3):290-8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schmidt, 1997b",
          "ref": "Schmidt NB, Trakowski JH, Staab JP. Extinction of panicogenic effects of a 35% CO2 challenge in patients with panic disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1997; 106(4):630–8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shear, 1994",
          "ref": "Shear MK, Pilkonis PA, Cloitre M, et al. Cognitive behavioral treatment compared with nonprescriptive treatment of panic disorder. Archives of general psychiatry 1994;51(5):395-401."
        },
        {
          "study": "Swinson, 1995",
          "ref": "Swinson RP, Fergus KD, Cox BJ, et al. Efficacy of telephone-administered behavioral therapy for panic disorder with agoraphobia. Behaviour research and therapy 1995;33(4):465-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Telch, 1993",
          "ref": "Telch MJ, Lucas JA, Schmidt NB, et al. Group cognitive-behavioral treatment of panic disorder. Behaviour research and therapy 1993;31(3):279-87."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wollburg, 2011",
          "ref": "Wollburg E, Roth WT, Kim S. Effects of breathing training on voluntary hypo- and hyperventilation in patients with panic disorder and episodic anxiety. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback 2011;36:81–91."
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    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Carter, 2003",
          "ref": "Carter MM, Sbrocco T, Gore KL, et al. Cognitive-behavioral group therapy versus a wait-list control in the treatment of African American women with panic disorder. Cognitive therapy and research 2003;27(5):505‐18."
        },
        {
          "study": "Craske, 1995",
          "ref": "Craske MG, Maidenberg E, Bystritsky A. Brief cognitive-behavioral versus nondirective therapy for panic disorder. Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry 1995;26(2):113-20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Craske, 2005",
          "ref": "Craske MG, Lang AJ, Aikins D, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy for nocturnal panic. Behavior therapy 2005;36(1):43‐54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gould, 1993",
          "ref": "Gould RA, Clum GA, Shapiro D. The use of bibliotherapy in the treatment of panic: A preliminary investigation. Behavior Therapy 1993;24(2):241-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Griegel, 1995",
          "ref": "Griegel LE. Breathing retraining in panic disorder: physiological mechanisms or perceived controllability. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering 1995;55(9):4120."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hazen 1996",
          "ref": "Hazen AL,Walker JR, Eldridge GD. Anxiety sensitivity and treatment outcome in panic disorder. Anxiety 1996;2(1):34–9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Petterson, 1996",
          "ref": "Petterson K, Cesare S. Panic disorder: a cognitive behavioural approach to treatment. Counselling Psychology Quarterly 1996;9(2):191–201."
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy-Byrne, 2005",
          "ref": "Roy-Byrne PP, Craske MG, Stein MB, et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and medication for primary care panic disorder. Archives of general psychiatry 2005;62(3):290-8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schmidt, 1997b",
          "ref": "Schmidt NB, Trakowski JH, Staab JP. Extinction of panicogenic effects of a 35% CO2 challenge in patients with panic disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1997; 106(4):630–8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shear, 1994",
          "ref": "Shear MK, Pilkonis PA, Cloitre M, et al. Cognitive behavioral treatment compared with nonprescriptive treatment of panic disorder. Archives of general psychiatry 1994;51(5):395-401."
        },
        {
          "study": "Swinson, 1995",
          "ref": "Swinson RP, Fergus KD, Cox BJ, et al. Efficacy of telephone-administered behavioral therapy for panic disorder with agoraphobia. Behaviour research and therapy 1995;33(4):465-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Telch, 1993",
          "ref": "Telch MJ, Lucas JA, Schmidt NB, et al. Group cognitive-behavioral treatment of panic disorder. Behaviour research and therapy 1993;31(3):279-87."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wollburg, 2011",
          "ref": "Wollburg E, Roth WT, Kim S. Effects of breathing training on voluntary hypo- and hyperventilation in patients with panic disorder and episodic anxiety. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback 2011;36:81–91."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 74,
      "instr": "BAI",
      "full": "Beck Anxiety Inventory",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
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      "k": 40,
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      "sd": 9.714,
      "lo": 8.89,
      "hi": 10.614,
      "tau2": 0.0736,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 5.666,
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      "i2": 93.5,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 75,
      "instr": "BAI",
      "full": "Beck Anxiety Inventory",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Three-level CHE model",
      "k": 40,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 9.734,
      "lo": 8.891,
      "hi": 10.656,
      "tau2": 0.0672,
      "tau2w": 0.0054,
      "plo": 5.698,
      "phi": 16.627,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 76,
      "instr": "BAI",
      "full": "Beck Anxiety Inventory",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Fixed-effect",
      "k": 40,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 10.088,
      "lo": 9.869,
      "hi": 10.312,
      "tau2": null,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": null,
      "phi": null,
      "i2": 92.6,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 77,
      "instr": "BAI",
      "full": "Beck Anxiety Inventory",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Outliers removed (sensitivity)",
      "k": 25,
      "k_es": 30,
      "sd": 10.073,
      "lo": 9.542,
      "hi": 10.635,
      "tau2": 0.0112,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 8.129,
      "phi": 12.483,
      "i2": 65.7,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 78,
      "instr": "BAI",
      "full": "Beck Anxiety Inventory",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Influence analysis (sensitivity)",
      "k": 40,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 9.714,
      "lo": 8.89,
      "hi": 10.614,
      "tau2": 0.0736,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 5.666,
      "phi": 16.655,
      "i2": 93.5,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        }
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "BAI",
      "full": "Beck Anxiety Inventory",
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      "sg": "Age group",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        }
      ]
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    {
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      "sgv": "No comorbidity",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 84,
      "instr": "BAI",
      "full": "Beck Anxiety Inventory",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Comorbidity",
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      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 40,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 9.734,
      "lo": 8.891,
      "hi": 10.656,
      "tau2": 0.0672,
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      "phi": 16.627,
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      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        }
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    },
    {
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      "i2": 93.1,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        }
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        }
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
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        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "BAI",
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      "indication": null,
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      "sgv": "Waitlist",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
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          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
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          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
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          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
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        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
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          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
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        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
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        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
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        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
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          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
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          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
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          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
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          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
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          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
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          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
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          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
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          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
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          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
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        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
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          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
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          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
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          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
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        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        }
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        }
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        }
      ]
    },
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        }
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        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        }
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        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        }
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        }
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    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
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          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
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          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
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        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
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          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
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          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
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          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
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        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 115,
      "instr": "BAI",
      "full": "Beck Anxiety Inventory",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Not low risk of bias",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 36,
      "k_es": 46,
      "sd": 9.627,
      "lo": 8.753,
      "hi": 10.589,
      "tau2": 0.0762,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 5.557,
      "phi": 16.678,
      "i2": 93.2,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
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          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
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        },
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          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
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          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
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          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
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        },
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          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
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          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
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          "study": "Aagaard, 2017",
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        },
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        },
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 118,
      "instr": "BDI-I",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory I",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Three-level CHE model",
      "k": 94,
      "k_es": 142,
      "sd": 8.074,
      "lo": 7.388,
      "hi": 8.823,
      "tau2": 0.176,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 3.532,
      "phi": 18.458,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 119,
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      "indication": null,
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      "sd": 7.515,
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      "hi": 7.647,
      "tau2": null,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": null,
      "phi": null,
      "i2": 98.4,
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      "refs": [
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 120,
      "instr": "BDI-I",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory I",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Outliers removed (sensitivity)",
      "k": 58,
      "k_es": 88,
      "sd": 7.942,
      "lo": 7.638,
      "hi": 8.258,
      "tau2": 0.0117,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 6.405,
      "phi": 9.849,
      "i2": 54.8,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Haakana, 2024",
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        },
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          "study": "Hagen, 2017",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Hamamci, 2006",
          "ref": "Hamamci Z. Integrating psychodrama and cognitive behavioral therapy to treat moderate depression. Arts in Psychotherapy. 2006;33(3):199-207."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hamdan-Mansour, 2009",
          "ref": "Hamdan-Mansour AM, Puskar K, Bandak AG. Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on depressive symptomatology, stress and coping strategies among Jordanian university students. Issues in mental health nursing. 2009;30(3):188-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamison, 1995",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Simpson, 2003",
          "ref": "Simpson S, Corney R, Beecham J. A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of psychodynamic counselling for general practice patients with chronic depression. Psychological Medicine. 2003;33(2):229-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Swartz, 2008",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 2009",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Teichman, 1995",
          "ref": "Teichman Y, Bar-el Z, Shor H, Sirota P, Elizur A. A comparison of two modalities of cognitive therapy (individual and marital) in treating depression. Psychiatry. 1995;58(2):136-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Verduyn, 2003",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wilson, 1983",
          "ref": "Wilson PH, Goldin JC, Charbonneau-Powis M. Comparative efficacy of behavioral and cognitive treatments of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1983;7(2):111-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wollersheim, 1991",
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 121,
      "instr": "BDI-I",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory I",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Influence analysis (sensitivity)",
      "k": 93,
      "k_es": 141,
      "sd": 8.356,
      "lo": 7.858,
      "hi": 8.886,
      "tau2": 0.08,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 4.784,
      "phi": 14.597,
      "i2": 91.1,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "i2": 96.6,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Nezu, 1986",
          "ref": "Nezu AM. Efficacy of a social problem-solving therapy approach for unipolar depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1986;54(2):196-202."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nezu, 1989",
          "ref": "Nezu AM, Perri MG. Social problem-solving therapy for unipolar depression: An initial dismantling investigation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989;57(3):408-13."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Hara, 2000",
          "ref": "O'Hara MW, Stuart S, Gorman LL, Wenzel A. Efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2000;57(11):1039-45."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pardini, 2014 (study 1)",
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      ]
    },
    {
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      "tau2": 0.176,
      "tau2w": 0,
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      "phi": 18.458,
      "i2": null,
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      ]
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        {
          "study": "Arean, 1993",
          "ref": "Arean PA, Perri MG, Nezu AM, Schein RL, Christopher F, Joseph TX. Comparative effectiveness of social problem-solving therapy and reminiscence therapy as treatments for depression in older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1993;61(6):1003-10."
        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Dobkin, 2011",
          "ref": "Dobkin RD, Menza M, Allen LA, Gara MA, Mark MH, Tiu J, et al. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression in Parkinson's disease: A randomized, controlled trial. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2011;168(10):1066-74."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dobkin, 2020",
          "ref": "Dobkin RD, Mann SL, Gara MA, Interian A, Rodriguez KM, Menza M. Telephone-based cognitive behavioral therapy for depression in Parkinson disease: A randomized controlled trial. Neurology. 2020;94(16):e1764-e1773."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freedland, 2009",
          "ref": "Freedland KE, Skala JA, Carney RM, Rubin EH, Lustman PJ, D·vila-Rom·n VG, et al. Treatment of depression after coronary artery bypass surgery: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2009;66(4):387-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gellis, 2010",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1987",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Hamblin D, Beutler L. Bibliotherapy for depressed older adults: A self-help alternative. The Gerontologist. 1987;27(3):383-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 2009",
          "ref": "Taylor CB, Conrad A, Wilhelm FH, Strachowski D, Khaylis A, Neri E, et al. Does improving mood in depressed patients alter factors that may affect cardiovascular disease risk? Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2009;43(16):1246-52."
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      "refs": [
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      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Demir, 2022",
          "ref": "Demir, S., & Ercan, F. (2022). The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy-based group counseling on depressive symptomatology, anxiety levels, automatic thoughts, and coping ways Turkish nursing students: A randomized controlled trial. Perspectives in psychiatric care. doi:10.1111/ppc.13073"
        },
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          "study": "Hamamci, 2006",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Pace, 1993",
          "ref": "Pace TM, Dixon DN. Changes in depressive self-schemata and depressive symptoms following cognitive therapy. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 1993;40(3):288."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pecheur, 1984",
          "ref": "Pecheur DR, Edwards KJ. A comparison of secular and religious versions of cognitive therapy with depressed Christian college students. Journal of Psychology and Theology. 1984."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rohde, 2016",
          "ref": "Rohde P, Stice E, Shaw H, Gau JM. Pilot trial of a dissonance-based cognitive-behavioral group depression prevention with college students. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2016;82:21-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 1977",
          "ref": "Taylor FG, Marshall WL. Experimental analysis of a cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1977;1(1):59-72."
        }
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    },
    {
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 128,
      "instr": "BDI-I",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory I",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Comorbidity",
      "sgv": "No comorbidity",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 86,
      "k_es": 133,
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      "lo": 7.331,
      "hi": 8.833,
      "tau2": 0.1826,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.464,
      "phi": 18.691,
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      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 129,
      "instr": "BDI-I",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory I",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Comorbidity",
      "sgv": "No comorbidity",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 94,
      "k_es": 142,
      "sd": 8.074,
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      "hi": 8.823,
      "tau2": 0.176,
      "tau2w": 0,
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      "phi": 18.458,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 130,
      "instr": "BDI-I",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory I",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Control condition",
      "sgv": "Care as usual",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 36,
      "k_es": 47,
      "sd": 8.543,
      "lo": 7.815,
      "hi": 9.339,
      "tau2": 0.0653,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 5.137,
      "phi": 14.207,
      "i2": 91.6,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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        },
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          "study": "Hassiotis, 2013",
          "ref": "Hassiotis A, Serfaty M, Azam K, Strydom A, Blizard R, Romeo R, et al. Manualised individual cognitive behavioural therapy for mood disorders in people with mild to moderate intellectual disability: A feasibility randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;151(1):186-95."
        },
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          "study": "Hemanny, 2019",
          "ref": "Hemanny, C., Carvalho, C., Maia, N., Reis, D., Botelho, A. C., Bonavides, D., . . . De Oliveira, I. R. (2019). Efficacy of trial-based cognitive therapy, behavioral activation and treatment as usual in the treatment of major depressive disorder: Preliminary findings from a randomized clinical trial. CNS Spectrums. doi:10.1017/S1092852919001457"
        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Lynch, 2004",
          "ref": "Lynch D, Tamburrino M, Nagel R, Smith MK. Telephone-based treatment for family practice patients with mild depression. Psychological reports. 2004;94(3 Pt 1):785-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Michalak, 2015",
          "ref": "Michalak J, Schultze M, Heidenreich T, Schramm E. A randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and a group version of cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy for chronically depressed patients. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(5):951-63."
        },
        {
          "study": "Poleshuck, 2014",
          "ref": "Poleshuck EL, Gamble SA, Bellenger K, Lu N, Tu X, Sorensen S, et al. Randomized controlled trial of interpersonal psychotherapy versus enhanced treatment as usual for women with co-occurring depression and pelvic pain. Journal of psychosomatic research. 2014;77(4):264-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Propst, 1992",
          "ref": "Propst LR, Ostrom R, Watkins P, Dean T, Mashburn D. Comparative efficacy of religious and nonreligious cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of clinical depression in religious individuals. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1992;60(1):94-103."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Salkovskis, 2006",
          "ref": "Salkovskis P, Rimes K, Stephenson D, Sacks G, Scott J. A randomized controlled trial of the use of self-help materials in addition to standard general practice treatment of depression compared to standard treatment alone. Psychological Medicine. 2006;36(03):325-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1997",
          "ref": "Scott C, Tacchi MJ, Jones R, Scott J. Acute and one-year outcome of a randomised controlled trial of brief cognitive therapy for major depressive disorder in primary care. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1997;171:131-4."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simoni, 2013",
          "ref": "Simoni JM, Wiebe JS, Sauceda JA, Huh D, Sanchez G, Longoria V, et al. A preliminary RCT of CBT-AD for adherence and depression among HIV-positive Latinos on the U.S.-Mexico border: The Nuevo Dia study. AIDS and behavior. 2013;17(8):2816-29."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson, 2003",
          "ref": "Simpson S, Corney R, Beecham J. A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of psychodynamic counselling for general practice patients with chronic depression. Psychological Medicine. 2003;33(2):229-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah, 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: a randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179-189."
        },
        {
          "study": "Swartz, 2008",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Verduyn, 2003",
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "tau2w": 0,
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      "refs": [
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      "refs": [
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      "id": 133,
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      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory I",
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          "ref": "Poleshuck EL, Gamble SA, Bellenger K, Lu N, Tu X, Sorensen S, et al. Randomized controlled trial of interpersonal psychotherapy versus enhanced treatment as usual for women with co-occurring depression and pelvic pain. Journal of psychosomatic research. 2014;77(4):264-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Power, 2012",
          "ref": "Power MJ, Freeman C. A randomized controlled trial of IPT versus CBT in primary care: With some cautionary notes about handling missing values in clinical trials. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2012;19(2):159-69."
        },
        {
          "study": "Propst, 1992",
          "ref": "Propst LR, Ostrom R, Watkins P, Dean T, Mashburn D. Comparative efficacy of religious and nonreligious cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of clinical depression in religious individuals. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1992;60(1):94-103."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rehm, 1981",
          "ref": "Rehm LP, Kornblith SJ, O'Hara MW, Lamparski DM, Romano JM, Volkin JI. An evaluation of major components in a self-control therapy program for depression. Behavior modification. 1981;5(4):459-89."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rohde, 2016",
          "ref": "Rohde P, Stice E, Shaw H, Gau JM. Pilot trial of a dissonance-based cognitive-behavioral group depression prevention with college students. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2016;82:21-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ross, 1985",
          "ref": "Ross M, Scott M. An evaluation of the effectiveness of individual and group cognitive therapy in the treatment of depressed patients in an inner city health centre. The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners. 1985;35(274):239-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ruwaard, 2009",
          "ref": "Ruwaard J, Schrieken B, Schrijver M, Broeksteeg J, Dekker J, Vermeulen H, et al. Standardized web-based cognitive behavioural therapy of mild to moderate depression: A randomized controlled trial with a long-term follow-up. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. 2009;38(4):206-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2009",
          "ref": "Safren SA, O'Cleirigh C, Tan JY, Raminani SR, Reilly LC, Otto MW, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for adherence and depression (CBT-AD) in HIV-infected individuals. Health Psychology. 2009;28(1):1-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Salkovskis, 2006",
          "ref": "Salkovskis P, Rimes K, Stephenson D, Sacks G, Scott J. A randomized controlled trial of the use of self-help materials in addition to standard general practice treatment of depression compared to standard treatment alone. Psychological Medicine. 2006;36(03):325-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Savard, 2006",
          "ref": "Savard J, Simard S, Giguere I, Ivers H, Morin CM, Maunsell E, et al. Randomized clinical trial on cognitive therapy for depression in women with metastatic breast cancer: Psychological and immunological effects. Palliative and Supportive Care. 2006;4(3):219-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schmidt, 1983",
          "ref": "Schmidt MM, Miller WR. Amount of therapist contact and outcome in a multidimensional depression treatment program. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1983;67(5):319-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schramm, 2020",
          "ref": "Schramm E, Mack S, Thiel N, Jenkner C, Elsaesser M, Fangmeier T. Interpersonal psychotherapy vs treatment as usual for major depression related to work stress: A pilot randomized controlled study. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2020;11."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1987",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Hamblin D, Beutler L. Bibliotherapy for depressed older adults: A self-help alternative. The Gerontologist. 1987;27(3):383-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1990",
          "ref": "Scott MJ, Stradling SG. Group cognitive therapy for depression produces clinically significant reliable change in community-based settings. Behavioural Psychotherapy. 1990;18(01):1-19."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1997",
          "ref": "Scott C, Tacchi MJ, Jones R, Scott J. Acute and one-year outcome of a randomised controlled trial of brief cognitive therapy for major depressive disorder in primary care. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1997;171:131-4."
        },
        {
          "study": "Selmi, 1990",
          "ref": "Selmi PM, Klein MH, Greist JH, Sorrell SP, Erdman HP. Computer-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1990;147(1):51-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheeber, 2012",
          "ref": "Sheeber LB, Seeley JR, Feil EG, Davis B, Sorensen E, Kosty DB, et al. Development and pilot evaluation of an Internet-facilitated cognitive-behavioral intervention for maternal depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2012;80(5):739-49."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simoni, 2013",
          "ref": "Simoni JM, Wiebe JS, Sauceda JA, Huh D, Sanchez G, Longoria V, et al. A preliminary RCT of CBT-AD for adherence and depression among HIV-positive Latinos on the U.S.-Mexico border: The Nuevo Dia study. AIDS and behavior. 2013;17(8):2816-29."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson, 2003",
          "ref": "Simpson S, Corney R, Beecham J. A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of psychodynamic counselling for general practice patients with chronic depression. Psychological Medicine. 2003;33(2):229-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah, 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: a randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179-189."
        },
        {
          "study": "Swartz, 2008",
          "ref": "Swartz HA, Frank E, Zuckoff A, Cyranowski JM, Houck PR, Cheng Y, et al. Brief interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed mothers whose children are receiving psychiatric treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;165(9):1155-62."
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 1977",
          "ref": "Taylor FG, Marshall WL. Experimental analysis of a cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1977;1(1):59-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 2009",
          "ref": "Taylor CB, Conrad A, Wilhelm FH, Strachowski D, Khaylis A, Neri E, et al. Does improving mood in depressed patients alter factors that may affect cardiovascular disease risk? Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2009;43(16):1246-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Teichman, 1995",
          "ref": "Teichman Y, Bar-el Z, Shor H, Sirota P, Elizur A. A comparison of two modalities of cognitive therapy (individual and marital) in treating depression. Psychiatry. 1995;58(2):136-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Verduyn, 2003",
          "ref": "Verduyn C, Barrowclough C, Roberts J, Tarrier N, Harrington R. Maternal depression and child behaviour problems: Randomised placebo-controlled trial of a cognitive-behavioural group intervention. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;183(OCT.):342-8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vernmark, 2010",
          "ref": "Vernmark K, Lenndin J, Bjärehed J, Carlsson M, Karlsson J, Oberg J, et al. Internet administered guided self-help versus individualized e-mail therapy: A randomized trial of two versions of CBT for major depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2010;48(5):368-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilson, 1983",
          "ref": "Wilson PH, Goldin JC, Charbonneau-Powis M. Comparative efficacy of behavioral and cognitive treatments of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1983;7(2):111-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wollersheim, 1991",
          "ref": "Wollersheim JP, Wilson GL. Group treatment of unipolar depression: A comparison of coping, supportive, bibliotherapy, and delayed treatment groups. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. 1991;22(6):496."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2008a",
          "ref": "Wong DF. Cognitive and health-related outcomes of group cognitive behavioural treatment for people with depressive symptoms in Hong Kong: Randomized wait-list control study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;42(8):702-11."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2008b",
          "ref": "Wong DF. Cognitive behavioral treatment groups for people with chronic depression in Hong Kong: A randomized wait-list control design. Depression and anxiety. 2008;25(2):142-8."
        }
      ]
    },
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Arean, 1993",
          "ref": "Arean PA, Perri MG, Nezu AM, Schein RL, Christopher F, Joseph TX. Comparative effectiveness of social problem-solving therapy and reminiscence therapy as treatments for depression in older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1993;61(6):1003-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ayen, 2004",
          "ref": "Ayen I, Hautzinger M. Cognitive behavior therapy for depression in menopausal women. A controlled, randomized treatment study. Zeitschrift fur Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie. 2004;33(4):290-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barlow, 1984",
          "ref": "Barlow, D. H., Cohen, A. S., Waddell, M. T., Vermilyea, B. B., Klosko, J. S., Blanchard, E. B., & Di Nardo, P. A. (1984). Panic and generalized anxiety disorders: Nature and treatment. Behavior Therapy, 15(5), 431-449. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(84)80048-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Beach, 1992",
          "ref": "Beach SR, O'Leary KD. Treating depression in the context of marital discord: Outcome and predictors of response of marital therapy versus cognitive therapy. Behavior Therapy. 1992;23(4):507-28."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bowman, 1995",
          "ref": "Bowman D, Scogin F, Lyrene B. The efficacy of self-examination therapy and cognitive bibliotherapy in the treatment of mild to moderate depression. Psychotherapy Research. 1995;5(2):131-40."
        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
        {
          "study": "Choi, 2012",
          "ref": "Choi I, Zou J, Titov N, Dear BF, Li S, Johnston L, et al. Culturally attuned Internet treatment for depression amongst Chinese Australians: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2012;136(3):459-68."
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2008",
          "ref": "Clark R, Tluczek A, Brown R. A mother–infant therapy group model for postpartum depression. Infant Mental Health Journal. 2008;29(5):514-36."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dobkin, 2011",
          "ref": "Dobkin RD, Menza M, Allen LA, Gara MA, Mark MH, Tiu J, et al. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression in Parkinson's disease: A randomized, controlled trial. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2011;168(10):1066-74."
        },
        {
          "study": "Embling, 2002",
          "ref": "Embling S. The effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy in depression. Nursing Standard. 2002;17(14-15):33-41."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hagen, 2017",
          "ref": "Hagen, R., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., Kennair, L. E. O., Nordahl, H. M., Fisher, P., & Wells, A. (2017). Metacognitive therapy for depression in adults: A waiting list randomized controlled trial with six months follow-up. Frontiers in Psychology, 8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Harley, 2008",
          "ref": "Harley R, Sprich S, Safren S, Jacobo M, Fava M. Adaptation of dialectical behavior therapy skills training group for treatment-resistant depression. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 2008;196(2):136-43."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamison, 1995",
          "ref": "Jamison C, Scogin F. The outcome of cognitive bibliotherapy with depressed adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1995;63(4):644-50."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kessler, 2009",
          "ref": "Kessler D, Lewis G, Kaur S, Wiles N, King M, Weich S, et al. Therapist-delivered Internet psychotherapy for depression in primary care: A randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009;374(9690):628-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kitchiner, 2009",
          "ref": "Kitchiner, N. J., Edwards, D., Wood, S., Sainsbury, S., Hewin, P., Burnard, P., & Bisson, J. I. (2009). A randomized controlled trial comparing an adult education class using cognitive behavioural therapy \"stress control\", anxiety management group treatment and a waiting list for anxiety disorders. Journal of Mental Health, 18(4), 307-315. doi:10.1080/09638230802052153"
        },
        {
          "study": "Landreville, 1997",
          "ref": "Landreville P, Bissonnette L. Effects of cognitive bibliotherapy for depressed older adults with a disability. Clinical Gerontologist. 1997;17(4):35-55."
        },
        {
          "study": "Larcombe, 1984",
          "ref": "Larcombe NA, Wilson PH. An evaluation of cognitive-behaviour therapy for depression in patients with multiple sclerosis. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1984;145:366-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Malouff, 1988",
          "ref": "Malouff JM, Lanyon RI, Schutte NS. Effectiveness of a brief group RET treatment for divorce-related dysphoria. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. 1988;6(3):162-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mead, 2005",
          "ref": "Mead N, MacDonald W, Bower P, Lovell K, Richards D, Roberts C, et al. The clinical effectiveness of guided self-help versus waiting-list control in the management of anxiety and depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2005;35(11):1633-43."
        },
        {
          "study": "Moon, 2021",
          "ref": "Moon, J. R., Huh, J., Song, J., Kang, I. S., Park, S. W., Chang, S. A., . . . Han, J. S. (2021). The effects of rational emotive behavior therapy for depressive symptoms in adults with congenital heart disease. Heart Lung, 50(6), 906-913. doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2021.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mukhtar, 2011",
          "ref": "Mukhtar, F., Oei, T. P., & Yaacob, M. (2011). Effectiveness of group cognitive behaviour therapy augmentation in reducing negative cognitions in the treatment of depression in Malaysia. ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 12(1), 50-65. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Nezu, 1986",
          "ref": "Nezu AM. Efficacy of a social problem-solving therapy approach for unipolar depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1986;54(2):196-202."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nezu, 1989",
          "ref": "Nezu AM, Perri MG. Social problem-solving therapy for unipolar depression: An initial dismantling investigation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989;57(3):408-13."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Hara, 2000",
          "ref": "O'Hara MW, Stuart S, Gorman LL, Wenzel A. Efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2000;57(11):1039-45."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pace, 1993",
          "ref": "Pace TM, Dixon DN. Changes in depressive self-schemata and depressive symptoms following cognitive therapy. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 1993;40(3):288."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pardini, 2014 (study 1)",
          "ref": "Pardini J, Scogin F, Schriver J, Domino M, Wilson D, LaRocca M. Efficacy and process of cognitive bibliotherapy for the treatment of depression in jail and prison inmates. Psychological services 2014-11(2): 141-52. (study1)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pecheur, 1984",
          "ref": "Pecheur DR, Edwards KJ. A comparison of secular and religious versions of cognitive therapy with depressed Christian college students. Journal of Psychology and Theology. 1984."
        },
        {
          "study": "Power, 2012",
          "ref": "Power MJ, Freeman C. A randomized controlled trial of IPT versus CBT in primary care: With some cautionary notes about handling missing values in clinical trials. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2012;19(2):159-69."
        },
        {
          "study": "Propst, 1992",
          "ref": "Propst LR, Ostrom R, Watkins P, Dean T, Mashburn D. Comparative efficacy of religious and nonreligious cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of clinical depression in religious individuals. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1992;60(1):94-103."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rehm, 1981",
          "ref": "Rehm LP, Kornblith SJ, O'Hara MW, Lamparski DM, Romano JM, Volkin JI. An evaluation of major components in a self-control therapy program for depression. Behavior modification. 1981;5(4):459-89."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ross, 1985",
          "ref": "Ross M, Scott M. An evaluation of the effectiveness of individual and group cognitive therapy in the treatment of depressed patients in an inner city health centre. The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners. 1985;35(274):239-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ruwaard, 2009",
          "ref": "Ruwaard J, Schrieken B, Schrijver M, Broeksteeg J, Dekker J, Vermeulen H, et al. Standardized web-based cognitive behavioural therapy of mild to moderate depression: A randomized controlled trial with a long-term follow-up. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. 2009;38(4):206-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2009",
          "ref": "Safren SA, O'Cleirigh C, Tan JY, Raminani SR, Reilly LC, Otto MW, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for adherence and depression (CBT-AD) in HIV-infected individuals. Health Psychology. 2009;28(1):1-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Savard, 2006",
          "ref": "Savard J, Simard S, Giguere I, Ivers H, Morin CM, Maunsell E, et al. Randomized clinical trial on cognitive therapy for depression in women with metastatic breast cancer: Psychological and immunological effects. Palliative and Supportive Care. 2006;4(3):219-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schmidt, 1983",
          "ref": "Schmidt MM, Miller WR. Amount of therapist contact and outcome in a multidimensional depression treatment program. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1983;67(5):319-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schramm, 2020",
          "ref": "Schramm E, Mack S, Thiel N, Jenkner C, Elsaesser M, Fangmeier T. Interpersonal psychotherapy vs treatment as usual for major depression related to work stress: A pilot randomized controlled study. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2020;11."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1987",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Hamblin D, Beutler L. Bibliotherapy for depressed older adults: A self-help alternative. The Gerontologist. 1987;27(3):383-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1990",
          "ref": "Scott MJ, Stradling SG. Group cognitive therapy for depression produces clinically significant reliable change in community-based settings. Behavioural Psychotherapy. 1990;18(01):1-19."
        },
        {
          "study": "Selmi, 1990",
          "ref": "Selmi PM, Klein MH, Greist JH, Sorrell SP, Erdman HP. Computer-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1990;147(1):51-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheeber, 2012",
          "ref": "Sheeber LB, Seeley JR, Feil EG, Davis B, Sorensen E, Kosty DB, et al. Development and pilot evaluation of an Internet-facilitated cognitive-behavioral intervention for maternal depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2012;80(5):739-49."
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 1977",
          "ref": "Taylor FG, Marshall WL. Experimental analysis of a cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1977;1(1):59-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 2009",
          "ref": "Taylor CB, Conrad A, Wilhelm FH, Strachowski D, Khaylis A, Neri E, et al. Does improving mood in depressed patients alter factors that may affect cardiovascular disease risk? Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2009;43(16):1246-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Teichman, 1995",
          "ref": "Teichman Y, Bar-el Z, Shor H, Sirota P, Elizur A. A comparison of two modalities of cognitive therapy (individual and marital) in treating depression. Psychiatry. 1995;58(2):136-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vernmark, 2010",
          "ref": "Vernmark K, Lenndin J, Bjärehed J, Carlsson M, Karlsson J, Oberg J, et al. Internet administered guided self-help versus individualized e-mail therapy: A randomized trial of two versions of CBT for major depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2010;48(5):368-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilson, 1983",
          "ref": "Wilson PH, Goldin JC, Charbonneau-Powis M. Comparative efficacy of behavioral and cognitive treatments of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1983;7(2):111-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wollersheim, 1991",
          "ref": "Wollersheim JP, Wilson GL. Group treatment of unipolar depression: A comparison of coping, supportive, bibliotherapy, and delayed treatment groups. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. 1991;22(6):496."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2008a",
          "ref": "Wong DF. Cognitive and health-related outcomes of group cognitive behavioural treatment for people with depressive symptoms in Hong Kong: Randomized wait-list control study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;42(8):702-11."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2008b",
          "ref": "Wong DF. Cognitive behavioral treatment groups for people with chronic depression in Hong Kong: A randomized wait-list control design. Depression and anxiety. 2008;25(2):142-8."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Aagaard, 2017",
          "ref": "Aagaard, J., Foldager, L., Makki, A., Hansen, V., & M¸ller-Nielsen, K. (2017). The efficacy of psychoeducation on recurrent depression: a randomized trial with a 2-year follow-up. Nord J Psychiatry, 71(3), 223-229."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ahmadpanah, 2016",
          "ref": "Ahmadpanah, M., Paghale, S. J., Bakhtyari, A., Kaikhavani, S., Aghaei, E., Nazaribadie, M., . . . Brand, S. (2016). Effects of psychotherapy in combination with pharmacotherapy, when compared to pharmacotherapy only on blood pressure, depression, and anxiety in female patients with hypertension."
        },
        {
          "study": "Allart van Dam, 2003",
          "ref": "Allart-Van Dam E, Hosman CMH, Hoogduin CAL, Schaap CPDR. The coping with depression course: Short-term outcomes and mediating effects of a randomized controlled trial in the treatment of subclinical depression. Behavior Therapy. 2003;34(3):381-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2005",
          "ref": "Andersson G, Bergström J, Holländare F, Carlbring P, Kaldo V, Ekselius L. Internet-based self-help for depression: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2005;187(5):456-61."
        },
        {
          "study": "Arean, 1993",
          "ref": "Arean PA, Perri MG, Nezu AM, Schein RL, Christopher F, Joseph TX. Comparative effectiveness of social problem-solving therapy and reminiscence therapy as treatments for depression in older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1993;61(6):1003-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ayen, 2004",
          "ref": "Ayen I, Hautzinger M. Cognitive behavior therapy for depression in menopausal women. A controlled, randomized treatment study. Zeitschrift fur Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie. 2004;33(4):290-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barlow, 1984",
          "ref": "Barlow, D. H., Cohen, A. S., Waddell, M. T., Vermilyea, B. B., Klosko, J. S., Blanchard, E. B., & Di Nardo, P. A. (1984). Panic and generalized anxiety disorders: Nature and treatment. Behavior Therapy, 15(5), 431-449. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(84)80048-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Beach, 1992",
          "ref": "Beach SR, O'Leary KD. Treating depression in the context of marital discord: Outcome and predictors of response of marital therapy versus cognitive therapy. Behavior Therapy. 1992;23(4):507-28."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bowman, 1995",
          "ref": "Bowman D, Scogin F, Lyrene B. The efficacy of self-examination therapy and cognitive bibliotherapy in the treatment of mild to moderate depression. Psychotherapy Research. 1995;5(2):131-40."
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenes, 2012",
          "ref": "Brenes, G. A., Miller, M. E., Williamson, J. D., McCall, W. V., Knudson, M., & Stanley, M. A. (2012). A randomized controlled trial of telephone-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy for late-life anxiety disorders. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 20(8), 707-716. doi:10.1097/JGP.0b013e31822ccd3e"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carta, 2012",
          "ref": "Carta MG, Petretto D, Adamo S, Bhat KM, Lecca ME, Mura G, et al. Counseling in primary care improves depression and quality of life. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health. 2012;8."
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      ]
    },
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      "refs": [
        {
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        },
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        },
        {
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          "ref": "Mukhtar, F., Oei, T. P., & Yaacob, M. (2011). Effectiveness of group cognitive behaviour therapy augmentation in reducing negative cognitions in the treatment of depression in Malaysia. ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 12(1), 50-65. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah, 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: a randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179-189."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2008a",
          "ref": "Wong DF. Cognitive and health-related outcomes of group cognitive behavioural treatment for people with depressive symptoms in Hong Kong: Randomized wait-list control study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;42(8):702-11."
        },
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory I",
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      "refs": [
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    {
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      "refs": [
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    {
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      "indication": null,
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      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
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      "k_es": 142,
      "sd": 8.074,
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          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lynch, 2004",
          "ref": "Lynch D, Tamburrino M, Nagel R, Smith MK. Telephone-based treatment for family practice patients with mild depression. Psychological reports. 2004;94(3 Pt 1):785-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Malouff, 1988",
          "ref": "Malouff JM, Lanyon RI, Schutte NS. Effectiveness of a brief group RET treatment for divorce-related dysphoria. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. 1988;6(3):162-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mead, 2005",
          "ref": "Mead N, MacDonald W, Bower P, Lovell K, Richards D, Roberts C, et al. The clinical effectiveness of guided self-help versus waiting-list control in the management of anxiety and depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2005;35(11):1633-43."
        },
        {
          "study": "Michalak, 2015",
          "ref": "Michalak J, Schultze M, Heidenreich T, Schramm E. A randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and a group version of cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy for chronically depressed patients. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(5):951-63."
        },
        {
          "study": "Moon, 2021",
          "ref": "Moon, J. R., Huh, J., Song, J., Kang, I. S., Park, S. W., Chang, S. A., . . . Han, J. S. (2021). The effects of rational emotive behavior therapy for depressive symptoms in adults with congenital heart disease. Heart Lung, 50(6), 906-913. doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2021.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mukhtar, 2011",
          "ref": "Mukhtar, F., Oei, T. P., & Yaacob, M. (2011). Effectiveness of group cognitive behaviour therapy augmentation in reducing negative cognitions in the treatment of depression in Malaysia. ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 12(1), 50-65. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mynors-Wallis, 1995",
          "ref": "Mynors-Wallis L, Gath D, Lloyd-Thomas A, Tomlinson D. Randomised controlled trial comparing problem solving treatment with amitriptyline and placebo for major depression in primary care. BMJ. 1995;310(6977):441-5."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nezu, 1986",
          "ref": "Nezu AM. Efficacy of a social problem-solving therapy approach for unipolar depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1986;54(2):196-202."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nezu, 1989",
          "ref": "Nezu AM, Perri MG. Social problem-solving therapy for unipolar depression: An initial dismantling investigation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989;57(3):408-13."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Hara, 2000",
          "ref": "O'Hara MW, Stuart S, Gorman LL, Wenzel A. Efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2000;57(11):1039-45."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pace, 1993",
          "ref": "Pace TM, Dixon DN. Changes in depressive self-schemata and depressive symptoms following cognitive therapy. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 1993;40(3):288."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pardini, 2014 (study 1)",
          "ref": "Pardini J, Scogin F, Schriver J, Domino M, Wilson D, LaRocca M. Efficacy and process of cognitive bibliotherapy for the treatment of depression in jail and prison inmates. Psychological services 2014-11(2): 141-52. (study1)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pecheur, 1984",
          "ref": "Pecheur DR, Edwards KJ. A comparison of secular and religious versions of cognitive therapy with depressed Christian college students. Journal of Psychology and Theology. 1984."
        },
        {
          "study": "Poleshuck, 2014",
          "ref": "Poleshuck EL, Gamble SA, Bellenger K, Lu N, Tu X, Sorensen S, et al. Randomized controlled trial of interpersonal psychotherapy versus enhanced treatment as usual for women with co-occurring depression and pelvic pain. Journal of psychosomatic research. 2014;77(4):264-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Power, 2012",
          "ref": "Power MJ, Freeman C. A randomized controlled trial of IPT versus CBT in primary care: With some cautionary notes about handling missing values in clinical trials. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2012;19(2):159-69."
        },
        {
          "study": "Propst, 1992",
          "ref": "Propst LR, Ostrom R, Watkins P, Dean T, Mashburn D. Comparative efficacy of religious and nonreligious cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of clinical depression in religious individuals. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1992;60(1):94-103."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rehm, 1981",
          "ref": "Rehm LP, Kornblith SJ, O'Hara MW, Lamparski DM, Romano JM, Volkin JI. An evaluation of major components in a self-control therapy program for depression. Behavior modification. 1981;5(4):459-89."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rohde, 2016",
          "ref": "Rohde P, Stice E, Shaw H, Gau JM. Pilot trial of a dissonance-based cognitive-behavioral group depression prevention with college students. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2016;82:21-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ross, 1985",
          "ref": "Ross M, Scott M. An evaluation of the effectiveness of individual and group cognitive therapy in the treatment of depressed patients in an inner city health centre. The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners. 1985;35(274):239-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ruwaard, 2009",
          "ref": "Ruwaard J, Schrieken B, Schrijver M, Broeksteeg J, Dekker J, Vermeulen H, et al. Standardized web-based cognitive behavioural therapy of mild to moderate depression: A randomized controlled trial with a long-term follow-up. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. 2009;38(4):206-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2009",
          "ref": "Safren SA, O'Cleirigh C, Tan JY, Raminani SR, Reilly LC, Otto MW, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for adherence and depression (CBT-AD) in HIV-infected individuals. Health Psychology. 2009;28(1):1-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Salkovskis, 2006",
          "ref": "Salkovskis P, Rimes K, Stephenson D, Sacks G, Scott J. A randomized controlled trial of the use of self-help materials in addition to standard general practice treatment of depression compared to standard treatment alone. Psychological Medicine. 2006;36(03):325-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Savard, 2006",
          "ref": "Savard J, Simard S, Giguere I, Ivers H, Morin CM, Maunsell E, et al. Randomized clinical trial on cognitive therapy for depression in women with metastatic breast cancer: Psychological and immunological effects. Palliative and Supportive Care. 2006;4(3):219-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schmidt, 1983",
          "ref": "Schmidt MM, Miller WR. Amount of therapist contact and outcome in a multidimensional depression treatment program. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1983;67(5):319-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schramm, 2020",
          "ref": "Schramm E, Mack S, Thiel N, Jenkner C, Elsaesser M, Fangmeier T. Interpersonal psychotherapy vs treatment as usual for major depression related to work stress: A pilot randomized controlled study. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2020;11."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1987",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Hamblin D, Beutler L. Bibliotherapy for depressed older adults: A self-help alternative. The Gerontologist. 1987;27(3):383-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1990",
          "ref": "Scott MJ, Stradling SG. Group cognitive therapy for depression produces clinically significant reliable change in community-based settings. Behavioural Psychotherapy. 1990;18(01):1-19."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1997",
          "ref": "Scott C, Tacchi MJ, Jones R, Scott J. Acute and one-year outcome of a randomised controlled trial of brief cognitive therapy for major depressive disorder in primary care. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1997;171:131-4."
        },
        {
          "study": "Selmi, 1990",
          "ref": "Selmi PM, Klein MH, Greist JH, Sorrell SP, Erdman HP. Computer-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1990;147(1):51-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheeber, 2012",
          "ref": "Sheeber LB, Seeley JR, Feil EG, Davis B, Sorensen E, Kosty DB, et al. Development and pilot evaluation of an Internet-facilitated cognitive-behavioral intervention for maternal depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2012;80(5):739-49."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simoni, 2013",
          "ref": "Simoni JM, Wiebe JS, Sauceda JA, Huh D, Sanchez G, Longoria V, et al. A preliminary RCT of CBT-AD for adherence and depression among HIV-positive Latinos on the U.S.-Mexico border: The Nuevo Dia study. AIDS and behavior. 2013;17(8):2816-29."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson, 2003",
          "ref": "Simpson S, Corney R, Beecham J. A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of psychodynamic counselling for general practice patients with chronic depression. Psychological Medicine. 2003;33(2):229-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah, 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: a randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179-189."
        },
        {
          "study": "Swartz, 2008",
          "ref": "Swartz HA, Frank E, Zuckoff A, Cyranowski JM, Houck PR, Cheng Y, et al. Brief interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed mothers whose children are receiving psychiatric treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;165(9):1155-62."
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 1977",
          "ref": "Taylor FG, Marshall WL. Experimental analysis of a cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1977;1(1):59-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 2009",
          "ref": "Taylor CB, Conrad A, Wilhelm FH, Strachowski D, Khaylis A, Neri E, et al. Does improving mood in depressed patients alter factors that may affect cardiovascular disease risk? Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2009;43(16):1246-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Teichman, 1995",
          "ref": "Teichman Y, Bar-el Z, Shor H, Sirota P, Elizur A. A comparison of two modalities of cognitive therapy (individual and marital) in treating depression. Psychiatry. 1995;58(2):136-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Verduyn, 2003",
          "ref": "Verduyn C, Barrowclough C, Roberts J, Tarrier N, Harrington R. Maternal depression and child behaviour problems: Randomised placebo-controlled trial of a cognitive-behavioural group intervention. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;183(OCT.):342-8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vernmark, 2010",
          "ref": "Vernmark K, Lenndin J, Bjärehed J, Carlsson M, Karlsson J, Oberg J, et al. Internet administered guided self-help versus individualized e-mail therapy: A randomized trial of two versions of CBT for major depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2010;48(5):368-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilson, 1983",
          "ref": "Wilson PH, Goldin JC, Charbonneau-Powis M. Comparative efficacy of behavioral and cognitive treatments of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1983;7(2):111-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wollersheim, 1991",
          "ref": "Wollersheim JP, Wilson GL. Group treatment of unipolar depression: A comparison of coping, supportive, bibliotherapy, and delayed treatment groups. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. 1991;22(6):496."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2008a",
          "ref": "Wong DF. Cognitive and health-related outcomes of group cognitive behavioural treatment for people with depressive symptoms in Hong Kong: Randomized wait-list control study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;42(8):702-11."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2008b",
          "ref": "Wong DF. Cognitive behavioral treatment groups for people with chronic depression in Hong Kong: A randomized wait-list control design. Depression and anxiety. 2008;25(2):142-8."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 140,
      "instr": "BDI-I",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory I",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "North America",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 42,
      "k_es": 74,
      "sd": 8.267,
      "lo": 7.666,
      "hi": 8.915,
      "tau2": 0.0486,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 5.333,
      "phi": 12.816,
      "i2": 82,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Arean, 1993",
          "ref": "Arean PA, Perri MG, Nezu AM, Schein RL, Christopher F, Joseph TX. Comparative effectiveness of social problem-solving therapy and reminiscence therapy as treatments for depression in older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1993;61(6):1003-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barlow, 1984",
          "ref": "Barlow, D. H., Cohen, A. S., Waddell, M. T., Vermilyea, B. B., Klosko, J. S., Blanchard, E. B., & Di Nardo, P. A. (1984). Panic and generalized anxiety disorders: Nature and treatment. Behavior Therapy, 15(5), 431-449. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(84)80048-9"
        },
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        },
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          "ref": "Bowman D, Scogin F, Lyrene B. The efficacy of self-examination therapy and cognitive bibliotherapy in the treatment of mild to moderate depression. Psychotherapy Research. 1995;5(2):131-40."
        },
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          "study": "Brenes, 2012",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
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          "study": "Dobkin, 2021",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Gellis, 2010",
          "ref": "Gellis ZD, Bruce ML. Problem solving therapy for subthreshold depression in home healthcare patients with cardiovascular disease. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2010;18(6):464-74."
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Harley, 2008",
          "ref": "Harley R, Sprich S, Safren S, Jacobo M, Fava M. Adaptation of dialectical behavior therapy skills training group for treatment-resistant depression. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 2008;196(2):136-43."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamison, 1995",
          "ref": "Jamison C, Scogin F. The outcome of cognitive bibliotherapy with depressed adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1995;63(4):644-50."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jarrett, 1999",
          "ref": "Jarrett RB, Schaffer M, McIntire D, Witt-Browder A, Kraft D, Risser RC. Treatment of atypical depression with cognitive therapy or phenelzine: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1999;56(5):431-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Landreville, 1997",
          "ref": "Landreville P, Bissonnette L. Effects of cognitive bibliotherapy for depressed older adults with a disability. Clinical Gerontologist. 1997;17(4):35-55."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lynch, 2004",
          "ref": "Lynch D, Tamburrino M, Nagel R, Smith MK. Telephone-based treatment for family practice patients with mild depression. Psychological reports. 2004;94(3 Pt 1):785-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Malouff, 1988",
          "ref": "Malouff JM, Lanyon RI, Schutte NS. Effectiveness of a brief group RET treatment for divorce-related dysphoria. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. 1988;6(3):162-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nezu, 1986",
          "ref": "Nezu AM. Efficacy of a social problem-solving therapy approach for unipolar depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1986;54(2):196-202."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nezu, 1989",
          "ref": "Nezu AM, Perri MG. Social problem-solving therapy for unipolar depression: An initial dismantling investigation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989;57(3):408-13."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Hara, 2000",
          "ref": "O'Hara MW, Stuart S, Gorman LL, Wenzel A. Efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2000;57(11):1039-45."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pace, 1993",
          "ref": "Pace TM, Dixon DN. Changes in depressive self-schemata and depressive symptoms following cognitive therapy. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 1993;40(3):288."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pardini, 2014 (study 1)",
          "ref": "Pardini J, Scogin F, Schriver J, Domino M, Wilson D, LaRocca M. Efficacy and process of cognitive bibliotherapy for the treatment of depression in jail and prison inmates. Psychological services 2014-11(2): 141-52. (study1)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pecheur, 1984",
          "ref": "Pecheur DR, Edwards KJ. A comparison of secular and religious versions of cognitive therapy with depressed Christian college students. Journal of Psychology and Theology. 1984."
        },
        {
          "study": "Poleshuck, 2014",
          "ref": "Poleshuck EL, Gamble SA, Bellenger K, Lu N, Tu X, Sorensen S, et al. Randomized controlled trial of interpersonal psychotherapy versus enhanced treatment as usual for women with co-occurring depression and pelvic pain. Journal of psychosomatic research. 2014;77(4):264-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Propst, 1992",
          "ref": "Propst LR, Ostrom R, Watkins P, Dean T, Mashburn D. Comparative efficacy of religious and nonreligious cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of clinical depression in religious individuals. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1992;60(1):94-103."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rehm, 1981",
          "ref": "Rehm LP, Kornblith SJ, O'Hara MW, Lamparski DM, Romano JM, Volkin JI. An evaluation of major components in a self-control therapy program for depression. Behavior modification. 1981;5(4):459-89."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rohde, 2016",
          "ref": "Rohde P, Stice E, Shaw H, Gau JM. Pilot trial of a dissonance-based cognitive-behavioral group depression prevention with college students. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2016;82:21-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2009",
          "ref": "Safren SA, O'Cleirigh C, Tan JY, Raminani SR, Reilly LC, Otto MW, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for adherence and depression (CBT-AD) in HIV-infected individuals. Health Psychology. 2009;28(1):1-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Savard, 2006",
          "ref": "Savard J, Simard S, Giguere I, Ivers H, Morin CM, Maunsell E, et al. Randomized clinical trial on cognitive therapy for depression in women with metastatic breast cancer: Psychological and immunological effects. Palliative and Supportive Care. 2006;4(3):219-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schmidt, 1983",
          "ref": "Schmidt MM, Miller WR. Amount of therapist contact and outcome in a multidimensional depression treatment program. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1983;67(5):319-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1987",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Hamblin D, Beutler L. Bibliotherapy for depressed older adults: A self-help alternative. The Gerontologist. 1987;27(3):383-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Selmi, 1990",
          "ref": "Selmi PM, Klein MH, Greist JH, Sorrell SP, Erdman HP. Computer-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1990;147(1):51-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheeber, 2012",
          "ref": "Sheeber LB, Seeley JR, Feil EG, Davis B, Sorensen E, Kosty DB, et al. Development and pilot evaluation of an Internet-facilitated cognitive-behavioral intervention for maternal depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2012;80(5):739-49."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simoni, 2013",
          "ref": "Simoni JM, Wiebe JS, Sauceda JA, Huh D, Sanchez G, Longoria V, et al. A preliminary RCT of CBT-AD for adherence and depression among HIV-positive Latinos on the U.S.-Mexico border: The Nuevo Dia study. AIDS and behavior. 2013;17(8):2816-29."
        },
        {
          "study": "Swartz, 2008",
          "ref": "Swartz HA, Frank E, Zuckoff A, Cyranowski JM, Houck PR, Cheng Y, et al. Brief interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed mothers whose children are receiving psychiatric treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;165(9):1155-62."
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 1977",
          "ref": "Taylor FG, Marshall WL. Experimental analysis of a cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1977;1(1):59-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 2009",
          "ref": "Taylor CB, Conrad A, Wilhelm FH, Strachowski D, Khaylis A, Neri E, et al. Does improving mood in depressed patients alter factors that may affect cardiovascular disease risk? Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2009;43(16):1246-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wollersheim, 1991",
          "ref": "Wollersheim JP, Wilson GL. Group treatment of unipolar depression: A comparison of coping, supportive, bibliotherapy, and delayed treatment groups. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. 1991;22(6):496."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 141,
      "instr": "BDI-I",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory I",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "North America",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 94,
      "k_es": 142,
      "sd": 8.074,
      "lo": 7.388,
      "hi": 8.823,
      "tau2": 0.176,
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      "plo": 3.532,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Aagaard, 2017",
          "ref": "Aagaard, J., Foldager, L., Makki, A., Hansen, V., & M¸ller-Nielsen, K. (2017). The efficacy of psychoeducation on recurrent depression: a randomized trial with a 2-year follow-up. Nord J Psychiatry, 71(3), 223-229."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ahmadpanah, 2016",
          "ref": "Ahmadpanah, M., Paghale, S. J., Bakhtyari, A., Kaikhavani, S., Aghaei, E., Nazaribadie, M., . . . Brand, S. (2016). Effects of psychotherapy in combination with pharmacotherapy, when compared to pharmacotherapy only on blood pressure, depression, and anxiety in female patients with hypertension."
        },
        {
          "study": "Allart van Dam, 2003",
          "ref": "Allart-Van Dam E, Hosman CMH, Hoogduin CAL, Schaap CPDR. The coping with depression course: Short-term outcomes and mediating effects of a randomized controlled trial in the treatment of subclinical depression. Behavior Therapy. 2003;34(3):381-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2005",
          "ref": "Andersson G, Bergström J, Holländare F, Carlbring P, Kaldo V, Ekselius L. Internet-based self-help for depression: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2005;187(5):456-61."
        },
        {
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      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Ahmadpanah, 2016",
          "ref": "Ahmadpanah, M., Paghale, S. J., Bakhtyari, A., Kaikhavani, S., Aghaei, E., Nazaribadie, M., . . . Brand, S. (2016). Effects of psychotherapy in combination with pharmacotherapy, when compared to pharmacotherapy only on blood pressure, depression, and anxiety in female patients with hypertension."
        },
        {
          "study": "Choi, 2012",
          "ref": "Choi I, Zou J, Titov N, Dear BF, Li S, Johnston L, et al. Culturally attuned Internet treatment for depression amongst Chinese Australians: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2012;136(3):459-68."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davoudi, 2020",
          "ref": "Davoudi M, Taheri AA, Foroughi AA, Ahmadi SM, Heshmati K. Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on depression and sleep quality in painful diabetic neuropathy: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders. 2020."
        },
        {
          "study": "Demir, 2022",
          "ref": "Demir, S., & Ercan, F. (2022). The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy-based group counseling on depressive symptomatology, anxiety levels, automatic thoughts, and coping ways Turkish nursing students: A randomized controlled trial. Perspectives in psychiatric care. doi:10.1111/ppc.13073"
        },
        {
          "study": "Duarte, 2009",
          "ref": "Duarte PS, Miyazaki MC, Blay SL, Sesso R. Cognitive-behavioral group therapy is an effective treatment for major depression in hemodialysis patients. Kidney international. 2009;76(4):414-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Faramarzi, 2008",
          "ref": "Faramarzi M, Alipor A, Esmaelzadeh S, Kheirkhah F, Poladi K, Pash H. Treatment of depression and anxiety in infertile women: Cognitive behavioral therapy versus fluoxetine. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2008;108(1-2):159-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hamamci, 2006",
          "ref": "Hamamci Z. Integrating psychodrama and cognitive behavioral therapy to treat moderate depression. Arts in Psychotherapy. 2006;33(3):199-207."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hamdan-Mansour, 2009",
          "ref": "Hamdan-Mansour AM, Puskar K, Bandak AG. Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on depressive symptomatology, stress and coping strategies among Jordanian university students. Issues in mental health nursing. 2009;30(3):188-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hemanny, 2019",
          "ref": "Hemanny, C., Carvalho, C., Maia, N., Reis, D., Botelho, A. C., Bonavides, D., . . . De Oliveira, I. R. (2019). Efficacy of trial-based cognitive therapy, behavioral activation and treatment as usual in the treatment of major depressive disorder: Preliminary findings from a randomized clinical trial. CNS Spectrums. doi:10.1017/S1092852919001457"
        },
        {
          "study": "Larcombe, 1984",
          "ref": "Larcombe NA, Wilson PH. An evaluation of cognitive-behaviour therapy for depression in patients with multiple sclerosis. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1984;145:366-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Teichman, 1995",
          "ref": "Teichman Y, Bar-el Z, Shor H, Sirota P, Elizur A. A comparison of two modalities of cognitive therapy (individual and marital) in treating depression. Psychiatry. 1995;58(2):136-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilson, 1983",
          "ref": "Wilson PH, Goldin JC, Charbonneau-Powis M. Comparative efficacy of behavioral and cognitive treatments of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1983;7(2):111-24."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 143,
      "instr": "BDI-I",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory I",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
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      "k_es": 142,
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      "hi": 8.823,
      "tau2": 0.176,
      "tau2w": 0,
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      "phi": 18.458,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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        }
      ]
    },
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Aagaard, 2017",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Ayen, 2004",
          "ref": "Ayen I, Hautzinger M. Cognitive behavior therapy for depression in menopausal women. A controlled, randomized treatment study. Zeitschrift fur Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie. 2004;33(4):290-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
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          "study": "Casanas, 2012",
          "ref": "Casanas R, Catalan R, del Val JL, Real J, Valero S, Casas M. Effectiveness of a psycho-educational group program for major depression in primary care: A randomized controlled trial. BMC psychiatry. 2012;12:230."
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2008",
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          "study": "Davoudi, 2020",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "k_es": 142,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Aagaard, 2017",
          "ref": "Aagaard, J., Foldager, L., Makki, A., Hansen, V., & M¸ller-Nielsen, K. (2017). The efficacy of psychoeducation on recurrent depression: a randomized trial with a 2-year follow-up. Nord J Psychiatry, 71(3), 223-229."
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Allart van Dam, 2003",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Ayen, 2004",
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        },
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    {
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        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2005",
          "ref": "Andersson G, Bergström J, Holländare F, Carlbring P, Kaldo V, Ekselius L. Internet-based self-help for depression: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2005;187(5):456-61."
        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Pardini, 2014 (study 1)",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Ruwaard, 2009",
          "ref": "Ruwaard J, Schrieken B, Schrijver M, Broeksteeg J, Dekker J, Vermeulen H, et al. Standardized web-based cognitive behavioural therapy of mild to moderate depression: A randomized controlled trial with a long-term follow-up. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. 2009;38(4):206-21."
        },
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          "study": "Salkovskis, 2006",
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        },
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          "study": "Schmidt, 1983",
          "ref": "Schmidt MM, Miller WR. Amount of therapist contact and outcome in a multidimensional depression treatment program. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1983;67(5):319-32."
        },
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          "study": "Scogin, 1987",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Hamblin D, Beutler L. Bibliotherapy for depressed older adults: A self-help alternative. The Gerontologist. 1987;27(3):383-7."
        },
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          "ref": "Selmi PM, Klein MH, Greist JH, Sorrell SP, Erdman HP. Computer-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1990;147(1):51-6."
        },
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          "study": "Sheeber, 2012",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Vernmark, 2010",
          "ref": "Vernmark K, Lenndin J, Bjärehed J, Carlsson M, Karlsson J, Oberg J, et al. Internet administered guided self-help versus individualized e-mail therapy: A randomized trial of two versions of CBT for major depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2010;48(5):368-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wollersheim, 1991",
          "ref": "Wollersheim JP, Wilson GL. Group treatment of unipolar depression: A comparison of coping, supportive, bibliotherapy, and delayed treatment groups. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. 1991;22(6):496."
        }
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    },
    {
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      "k_es": 142,
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      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 148,
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      "refs": [
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          "study": "Dobkin, 2011",
          "ref": "Dobkin RD, Menza M, Allen LA, Gara MA, Mark MH, Tiu J, et al. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression in Parkinson's disease: A randomized, controlled trial. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2011;168(10):1066-74."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dobkin, 2020",
          "ref": "Dobkin RD, Mann SL, Gara MA, Interian A, Rodriguez KM, Menza M. Telephone-based cognitive behavioral therapy for depression in Parkinson disease: A randomized controlled trial. Neurology. 2020;94(16):e1764-e1773."
        },
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          "study": "Dobkin, 2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Dowrick, 2000",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Elkin, 1989",
          "ref": "Elkin I, Shea MT, Watkins JT, Imber SD, Sotsky SM, Collins JF, et al. National institute of mental health treatment of depression collaborative research program. General effectiveness of treatments. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1989;46(11):971-82; discussion 83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freedland, 2009",
          "ref": "Freedland KE, Skala JA, Carney RM, Rubin EH, Lustman PJ, D·vila-Rom·n VG, et al. Treatment of depression after coronary artery bypass surgery: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2009;66(4):387-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gellis, 2010",
          "ref": "Gellis ZD, Bruce ML. Problem solving therapy for subthreshold depression in home healthcare patients with cardiovascular disease. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2010;18(6):464-74."
        },
        {
          "study": "Grote, 2009",
          "ref": "Grote NK, Swartz HA, Geibel SL, Zuckoff A, Houck PR, Frank E. A randomized controlled trial of culturally relevant, brief interpersonal psychotherapy for perinatal depression. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(3):313-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hagen, 2017",
          "ref": "Hagen, R., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., Kennair, L. E. O., Nordahl, H. M., Fisher, P., & Wells, A. (2017). Metacognitive therapy for depression in adults: A waiting list randomized controlled trial with six months follow-up. Frontiers in Psychology, 8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hassiotis, 2013",
          "ref": "Hassiotis A, Serfaty M, Azam K, Strydom A, Blizard R, Romeo R, et al. Manualised individual cognitive behavioural therapy for mood disorders in people with mild to moderate intellectual disability: A feasibility randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;151(1):186-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hemanny, 2019",
          "ref": "Hemanny, C., Carvalho, C., Maia, N., Reis, D., Botelho, A. C., Bonavides, D., . . . De Oliveira, I. R. (2019). Efficacy of trial-based cognitive therapy, behavioral activation and treatment as usual in the treatment of major depressive disorder: Preliminary findings from a randomized clinical trial. CNS Spectrums. doi:10.1017/S1092852919001457"
        },
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          "study": "Jarrett, 1999",
          "ref": "Jarrett RB, Schaffer M, McIntire D, Witt-Browder A, Kraft D, Risser RC. Treatment of atypical depression with cognitive therapy or phenelzine: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1999;56(5):431-7."
        },
        {
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        },
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          "study": "Lamers, 2010",
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Simpson, 2003",
          "ref": "Simpson S, Corney R, Beecham J. A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of psychodynamic counselling for general practice patients with chronic depression. Psychological Medicine. 2003;33(2):229-39."
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        {
          "study": "Sinniah, 2017",
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        },
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          "study": "Swartz, 2008",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 1977",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 2009",
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        },
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        },
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory I",
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      "tau2": 0.176,
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      "refs": [
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        },
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          "study": "Gellis, 2010",
          "ref": "Gellis ZD, Bruce ML. Problem solving therapy for subthreshold depression in home healthcare patients with cardiovascular disease. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2010;18(6):464-74."
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          "study": "Lamers, 2010",
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Folke, 2012",
          "ref": "Folke F, Parling T, Melin L. Acceptance and commitment therapy for depression: A preliminary randomized clinical trial for unemployed on long-term sick leave. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice. 2012;19(4):583-94."
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        },
        {
          "study": "Ross, 1985",
          "ref": "Ross M, Scott M. An evaluation of the effectiveness of individual and group cognitive therapy in the treatment of depressed patients in an inner city health centre. The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners. 1985;35(274):239-42."
        }
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    {
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        },
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 152,
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      "tau2": 0.176,
      "tau2w": null,
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 153,
      "instr": "BDI-I",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory I",
      "indication": null,
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      "k": 94,
      "k_es": 142,
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      "hi": 8.823,
      "tau2": 0.176,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 3.532,
      "phi": 18.458,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Kitchiner, 2009",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah, 2017",
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Teichman, 1995",
          "ref": "Teichman Y, Bar-el Z, Shor H, Sirota P, Elizur A. A comparison of two modalities of cognitive therapy (individual and marital) in treating depression. Psychiatry. 1995;58(2):136-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Verduyn, 2003",
          "ref": "Verduyn C, Barrowclough C, Roberts J, Tarrier N, Harrington R. Maternal depression and child behaviour problems: Randomised placebo-controlled trial of a cognitive-behavioural group intervention. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;183(OCT.):342-8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vernmark, 2010",
          "ref": "Vernmark K, Lenndin J, Bjärehed J, Carlsson M, Karlsson J, Oberg J, et al. Internet administered guided self-help versus individualized e-mail therapy: A randomized trial of two versions of CBT for major depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2010;48(5):368-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilson, 1983",
          "ref": "Wilson PH, Goldin JC, Charbonneau-Powis M. Comparative efficacy of behavioral and cognitive treatments of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1983;7(2):111-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wollersheim, 1991",
          "ref": "Wollersheim JP, Wilson GL. Group treatment of unipolar depression: A comparison of coping, supportive, bibliotherapy, and delayed treatment groups. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. 1991;22(6):496."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2008a",
          "ref": "Wong DF. Cognitive and health-related outcomes of group cognitive behavioural treatment for people with depressive symptoms in Hong Kong: Randomized wait-list control study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;42(8):702-11."
        },
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          "study": "Wong, 2008b",
          "ref": "Wong DF. Cognitive behavioral treatment groups for people with chronic depression in Hong Kong: A randomized wait-list control design. Depression and anxiety. 2008;25(2):142-8."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 154,
      "instr": "BDI-I",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory I",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Recruitment",
      "sgv": "Clinic",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 28,
      "k_es": 35,
      "sd": 9.324,
      "lo": 8.314,
      "hi": 10.457,
      "tau2": 0.0863,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 5.183,
      "phi": 16.774,
      "i2": 93.4,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
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        },
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          "study": "Haakana, 2024",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Harley, 2008",
          "ref": "Harley R, Sprich S, Safren S, Jacobo M, Fava M. Adaptation of dialectical behavior therapy skills training group for treatment-resistant depression. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 2008;196(2):136-43."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jelinek, 2016",
          "ref": "Jelinek L, Hauschildt M, Wittekind CE, Schneider BC, Kriston L, Moritz S. Efficacy of metacognitive training for depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2016;85(4):231-4."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kessler, 2009",
          "ref": "Kessler D, Lewis G, Kaur S, Wiles N, King M, Weich S, et al. Therapist-delivered Internet psychotherapy for depression in primary care: A randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009;374(9690):628-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "King, 2000",
          "ref": "King M, Sibbald B, Ward E, Bower P, Lloyd M, Gabbay M, et al. Randomised controlled trial of non-directive counselling, cognitive-behaviour therapy and usual general practitioner care in the management of depression as well as mixed anxiety and depression in primary care. Health Technology Assessment. 2000;4(19):1-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kitchiner, 2009",
          "ref": "Kitchiner, N. J., Edwards, D., Wood, S., Sainsbury, S., Hewin, P., Burnard, P., & Bisson, J. I. (2009). A randomized controlled trial comparing an adult education class using cognitive behavioural therapy \"stress control\", anxiety management group treatment and a waiting list for anxiety disorders. Journal of Mental Health, 18(4), 307-315. doi:10.1080/09638230802052153"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lynch, 2004",
          "ref": "Lynch D, Tamburrino M, Nagel R, Smith MK. Telephone-based treatment for family practice patients with mild depression. Psychological reports. 2004;94(3 Pt 1):785-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mead, 2005",
          "ref": "Mead N, MacDonald W, Bower P, Lovell K, Richards D, Roberts C, et al. The clinical effectiveness of guided self-help versus waiting-list control in the management of anxiety and depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2005;35(11):1633-43."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mukhtar, 2011",
          "ref": "Mukhtar, F., Oei, T. P., & Yaacob, M. (2011). Effectiveness of group cognitive behaviour therapy augmentation in reducing negative cognitions in the treatment of depression in Malaysia. ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 12(1), 50-65. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mynors-Wallis, 1995",
          "ref": "Mynors-Wallis L, Gath D, Lloyd-Thomas A, Tomlinson D. Randomised controlled trial comparing problem solving treatment with amitriptyline and placebo for major depression in primary care. BMJ. 1995;310(6977):441-5."
        },
        {
          "study": "Power, 2012",
          "ref": "Power MJ, Freeman C. A randomized controlled trial of IPT versus CBT in primary care: With some cautionary notes about handling missing values in clinical trials. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2012;19(2):159-69."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ross, 1985",
          "ref": "Ross M, Scott M. An evaluation of the effectiveness of individual and group cognitive therapy in the treatment of depressed patients in an inner city health centre. The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners. 1985;35(274):239-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Salkovskis, 2006",
          "ref": "Salkovskis P, Rimes K, Stephenson D, Sacks G, Scott J. A randomized controlled trial of the use of self-help materials in addition to standard general practice treatment of depression compared to standard treatment alone. Psychological Medicine. 2006;36(03):325-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schramm, 2020",
          "ref": "Schramm E, Mack S, Thiel N, Jenkner C, Elsaesser M, Fangmeier T. Interpersonal psychotherapy vs treatment as usual for major depression related to work stress: A pilot randomized controlled study. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2020;11."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1990",
          "ref": "Scott MJ, Stradling SG. Group cognitive therapy for depression produces clinically significant reliable change in community-based settings. Behavioural Psychotherapy. 1990;18(01):1-19."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1997",
          "ref": "Scott C, Tacchi MJ, Jones R, Scott J. Acute and one-year outcome of a randomised controlled trial of brief cognitive therapy for major depressive disorder in primary care. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1997;171:131-4."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson, 2003",
          "ref": "Simpson S, Corney R, Beecham J. A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of psychodynamic counselling for general practice patients with chronic depression. Psychological Medicine. 2003;33(2):229-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah, 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: a randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179-189."
        },
        {
          "study": "Teichman, 1995",
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        }
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      "refs": [
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          "ref": "Verduyn C, Barrowclough C, Roberts J, Tarrier N, Harrington R. Maternal depression and child behaviour problems: Randomised placebo-controlled trial of a cognitive-behavioural group intervention. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;183(OCT.):342-8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vernmark, 2010",
          "ref": "Vernmark K, Lenndin J, Bjärehed J, Carlsson M, Karlsson J, Oberg J, et al. Internet administered guided self-help versus individualized e-mail therapy: A randomized trial of two versions of CBT for major depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2010;48(5):368-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilson, 1983",
          "ref": "Wilson PH, Goldin JC, Charbonneau-Powis M. Comparative efficacy of behavioral and cognitive treatments of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1983;7(2):111-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wollersheim, 1991",
          "ref": "Wollersheim JP, Wilson GL. Group treatment of unipolar depression: A comparison of coping, supportive, bibliotherapy, and delayed treatment groups. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. 1991;22(6):496."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2008a",
          "ref": "Wong DF. Cognitive and health-related outcomes of group cognitive behavioural treatment for people with depressive symptoms in Hong Kong: Randomized wait-list control study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;42(8):702-11."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2008b",
          "ref": "Wong DF. Cognitive behavioral treatment groups for people with chronic depression in Hong Kong: A randomized wait-list control design. Depression and anxiety. 2008;25(2):142-8."
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        {
          "study": "Allart van Dam, 2003",
          "ref": "Allart-Van Dam E, Hosman CMH, Hoogduin CAL, Schaap CPDR. The coping with depression course: Short-term outcomes and mediating effects of a randomized controlled trial in the treatment of subclinical depression. Behavior Therapy. 2003;34(3):381-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2005",
          "ref": "Andersson G, Bergström J, Holländare F, Carlbring P, Kaldo V, Ekselius L. Internet-based self-help for depression: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2005;187(5):456-61."
        },
        {
          "study": "Arean, 1993",
          "ref": "Arean PA, Perri MG, Nezu AM, Schein RL, Christopher F, Joseph TX. Comparative effectiveness of social problem-solving therapy and reminiscence therapy as treatments for depression in older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1993;61(6):1003-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ayen, 2004",
          "ref": "Ayen I, Hautzinger M. Cognitive behavior therapy for depression in menopausal women. A controlled, randomized treatment study. Zeitschrift fur Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie. 2004;33(4):290-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Beach, 1992",
          "ref": "Beach SR, O'Leary KD. Treating depression in the context of marital discord: Outcome and predictors of response of marital therapy versus cognitive therapy. Behavior Therapy. 1992;23(4):507-28."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bowman, 1995",
          "ref": "Bowman D, Scogin F, Lyrene B. The efficacy of self-examination therapy and cognitive bibliotherapy in the treatment of mild to moderate depression. Psychotherapy Research. 1995;5(2):131-40."
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenes, 2012",
          "ref": "Brenes, G. A., Miller, M. E., Williamson, J. D., McCall, W. V., Knudson, M., & Stanley, M. A. (2012). A randomized controlled trial of telephone-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy for late-life anxiety disorders. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 20(8), 707-716. doi:10.1097/JGP.0b013e31822ccd3e"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
        {
          "study": "Choi, 2012",
          "ref": "Choi I, Zou J, Titov N, Dear BF, Li S, Johnston L, et al. Culturally attuned Internet treatment for depression amongst Chinese Australians: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2012;136(3):459-68."
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2008",
          "ref": "Clark R, Tluczek A, Brown R. A mother–infant therapy group model for postpartum depression. Infant Mental Health Journal. 2008;29(5):514-36."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dimidjian, 2006",
          "ref": "Dimidjian S, Hollon SD, Dobson KS, Schmaling KB, Kohlenberg RJ, Addis ME, et al. Randomized trial of behavioral activation, cognitive therapy, and antidepressant medication in the acute treatment of adults with major depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2006;74(4):658-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dobkin, 2011",
          "ref": "Dobkin RD, Menza M, Allen LA, Gara MA, Mark MH, Tiu J, et al. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression in Parkinson's disease: A randomized, controlled trial. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2011;168(10):1066-74."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dobkin, 2021",
          "ref": "Dobkin, R. D., Mann, S. L., Weintraub, D., Rodriguez, K. M., Miller, R. B., St. Hill, L., King, A., Gara, M. A., & Interian, A. (2021). Innovating Parkinson's Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Telemedicine Depression Treatment [Article]. Movement disorders, 36(11), 2549-2558. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.28548"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hagen, 2017",
          "ref": "Hagen, R., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., Kennair, L. E. O., Nordahl, H. M., Fisher, P., & Wells, A. (2017). Metacognitive therapy for depression in adults: A waiting list randomized controlled trial with six months follow-up. Frontiers in Psychology, 8."
        },
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          "study": "Hamamci, 2006",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Hamdan-Mansour, 2009",
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wilson, 1983",
          "ref": "Wilson PH, Goldin JC, Charbonneau-Powis M. Comparative efficacy of behavioral and cognitive treatments of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1983;7(2):111-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wollersheim, 1991",
          "ref": "Wollersheim JP, Wilson GL. Group treatment of unipolar depression: A comparison of coping, supportive, bibliotherapy, and delayed treatment groups. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. 1991;22(6):496."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2008a",
          "ref": "Wong DF. Cognitive and health-related outcomes of group cognitive behavioural treatment for people with depressive symptoms in Hong Kong: Randomized wait-list control study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;42(8):702-11."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2008b",
          "ref": "Wong DF. Cognitive behavioral treatment groups for people with chronic depression in Hong Kong: A randomized wait-list control design. Depression and anxiety. 2008;25(2):142-8."
        }
      ]
    },
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Aagaard, 2017",
          "ref": "Aagaard, J., Foldager, L., Makki, A., Hansen, V., & M¸ller-Nielsen, K. (2017). The efficacy of psychoeducation on recurrent depression: a randomized trial with a 2-year follow-up. Nord J Psychiatry, 71(3), 223-229."
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2005",
          "ref": "Andersson G, Bergström J, Holländare F, Carlbring P, Kaldo V, Ekselius L. Internet-based self-help for depression: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2005;187(5):456-61."
        },
        {
          "study": "Arean, 1993",
          "ref": "Arean PA, Perri MG, Nezu AM, Schein RL, Christopher F, Joseph TX. Comparative effectiveness of social problem-solving therapy and reminiscence therapy as treatments for depression in older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1993;61(6):1003-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ayen, 2004",
          "ref": "Ayen I, Hautzinger M. Cognitive behavior therapy for depression in menopausal women. A controlled, randomized treatment study. Zeitschrift fur Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie. 2004;33(4):290-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barlow, 1984",
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        },
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          "ref": "Beach SR, O'Leary KD. Treating depression in the context of marital discord: Outcome and predictors of response of marital therapy versus cognitive therapy. Behavior Therapy. 1992;23(4):507-28."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bowman, 1995",
          "ref": "Bowman D, Scogin F, Lyrene B. The efficacy of self-examination therapy and cognitive bibliotherapy in the treatment of mild to moderate depression. Psychotherapy Research. 1995;5(2):131-40."
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenes, 2012",
          "ref": "Brenes, G. A., Miller, M. E., Williamson, J. D., McCall, W. V., Knudson, M., & Stanley, M. A. (2012). A randomized controlled trial of telephone-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy for late-life anxiety disorders. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 20(8), 707-716. doi:10.1097/JGP.0b013e31822ccd3e"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
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        },
        {
          "study": "Dobkin, 2011",
          "ref": "Dobkin RD, Menza M, Allen LA, Gara MA, Mark MH, Tiu J, et al. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression in Parkinson's disease: A randomized, controlled trial. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2011;168(10):1066-74."
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        },
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        },
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    {
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        {
          "study": "Ahmadpanah, 2016",
          "ref": "Ahmadpanah, M., Paghale, S. J., Bakhtyari, A., Kaikhavani, S., Aghaei, E., Nazaribadie, M., . . . Brand, S. (2016). Effects of psychotherapy in combination with pharmacotherapy, when compared to pharmacotherapy only on blood pressure, depression, and anxiety in female patients with hypertension."
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Verduyn, 2003",
          "ref": "Verduyn C, Barrowclough C, Roberts J, Tarrier N, Harrington R. Maternal depression and child behaviour problems: Randomised placebo-controlled trial of a cognitive-behavioural group intervention. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;183(OCT.):342-8."
        }
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      "refs": [
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 160,
      "instr": "BDI-I",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory I",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
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      "k": 18,
      "k_es": 23,
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      "lo": 7.258,
      "hi": 9.928,
      "tau2": 0.1091,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 4.361,
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      "i2": 96.2,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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        },
        {
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        {
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          "ref": "Dowrick, C., Dunn, G., Ayuso-Mateos, J. L., Dalgard, O. S., Page, H., Lehtinen, V., ... Wilkinson, G. (2000). Problem solving treatment and group psychoeducation for depression: multicentre randomised controlled trial Outcomes of Depression International Network [ODIN] Group. Bmj, 321(7274), 1450-1454. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/836/CN-00623836/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Duarte, 2009",
          "ref": "Duarte PS, Miyazaki MC, Blay SL, Sesso R. Cognitive-behavioral group therapy is an effective treatment for major depression in hemodialysis patients. Kidney international. 2009;76(4):414-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Elkin, 1989",
          "ref": "Elkin I, Shea MT, Watkins JT, Imber SD, Sotsky SM, Collins JF, et al. National institute of mental health treatment of depression collaborative research program. General effectiveness of treatments. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1989;46(11):971-82; discussion 83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freedland, 2009",
          "ref": "Freedland KE, Skala JA, Carney RM, Rubin EH, Lustman PJ, D·vila-Rom·n VG, et al. Treatment of depression after coronary artery bypass surgery: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2009;66(4):387-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Haakana, 2024",
          "ref": "Haakana, R., Rosenström, T., Parkkinen, L., Tuomisto, M. T., & Isometsä, E. (2024). Effectiveness of an add-on brief group behavioral activation treatment for depression in psychiatric care: a randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 15. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1284363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kessler, 2009",
          "ref": "Kessler D, Lewis G, Kaur S, Wiles N, King M, Weich S, et al. Therapist-delivered Internet psychotherapy for depression in primary care: A randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009;374(9690):628-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lamers, 2010",
          "ref": "Lamers F, Jonkers CC, Bosma H, Kempen GI, Meijer JA, Penninx BW, et al. A minimal psychological intervention in chronically ill elderly patients with depression: A randomized trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2010;79(4):217-26."
        },
        {
          "study": "Michalak, 2015",
          "ref": "Michalak J, Schultze M, Heidenreich T, Schramm E. A randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and a group version of cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy for chronically depressed patients. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(5):951-63."
        },
        {
          "study": "Moon, 2021",
          "ref": "Moon, J. R., Huh, J., Song, J., Kang, I. S., Park, S. W., Chang, S. A., . . . Han, J. S. (2021). The effects of rational emotive behavior therapy for depressive symptoms in adults with congenital heart disease. Heart Lung, 50(6), 906-913. doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2021.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Salkovskis, 2006",
          "ref": "Salkovskis P, Rimes K, Stephenson D, Sacks G, Scott J. A randomized controlled trial of the use of self-help materials in addition to standard general practice treatment of depression compared to standard treatment alone. Psychological Medicine. 2006;36(03):325-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheeber, 2012",
          "ref": "Sheeber LB, Seeley JR, Feil EG, Davis B, Sorensen E, Kosty DB, et al. Development and pilot evaluation of an Internet-facilitated cognitive-behavioral intervention for maternal depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2012;80(5):739-49."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simoni, 2013",
          "ref": "Simoni JM, Wiebe JS, Sauceda JA, Huh D, Sanchez G, Longoria V, et al. A preliminary RCT of CBT-AD for adherence and depression among HIV-positive Latinos on the U.S.-Mexico border: The Nuevo Dia study. AIDS and behavior. 2013;17(8):2816-29."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson, 2003",
          "ref": "Simpson S, Corney R, Beecham J. A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of psychodynamic counselling for general practice patients with chronic depression. Psychological Medicine. 2003;33(2):229-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vernmark, 2010",
          "ref": "Vernmark K, Lenndin J, Bjärehed J, Carlsson M, Karlsson J, Oberg J, et al. Internet administered guided self-help versus individualized e-mail therapy: A randomized trial of two versions of CBT for major depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2010;48(5):368-76."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
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          "ref": "Salkovskis P, Rimes K, Stephenson D, Sacks G, Scott J. A randomized controlled trial of the use of self-help materials in addition to standard general practice treatment of depression compared to standard treatment alone. Psychological Medicine. 2006;36(03):325-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Savard, 2006",
          "ref": "Savard J, Simard S, Giguere I, Ivers H, Morin CM, Maunsell E, et al. Randomized clinical trial on cognitive therapy for depression in women with metastatic breast cancer: Psychological and immunological effects. Palliative and Supportive Care. 2006;4(3):219-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schmidt, 1983",
          "ref": "Schmidt MM, Miller WR. Amount of therapist contact and outcome in a multidimensional depression treatment program. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1983;67(5):319-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schramm, 2020",
          "ref": "Schramm E, Mack S, Thiel N, Jenkner C, Elsaesser M, Fangmeier T. Interpersonal psychotherapy vs treatment as usual for major depression related to work stress: A pilot randomized controlled study. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2020;11."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1987",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Hamblin D, Beutler L. Bibliotherapy for depressed older adults: A self-help alternative. The Gerontologist. 1987;27(3):383-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1990",
          "ref": "Scott MJ, Stradling SG. Group cognitive therapy for depression produces clinically significant reliable change in community-based settings. Behavioural Psychotherapy. 1990;18(01):1-19."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1997",
          "ref": "Scott C, Tacchi MJ, Jones R, Scott J. Acute and one-year outcome of a randomised controlled trial of brief cognitive therapy for major depressive disorder in primary care. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1997;171:131-4."
        },
        {
          "study": "Selmi, 1990",
          "ref": "Selmi PM, Klein MH, Greist JH, Sorrell SP, Erdman HP. Computer-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1990;147(1):51-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheeber, 2012",
          "ref": "Sheeber LB, Seeley JR, Feil EG, Davis B, Sorensen E, Kosty DB, et al. Development and pilot evaluation of an Internet-facilitated cognitive-behavioral intervention for maternal depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2012;80(5):739-49."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simoni, 2013",
          "ref": "Simoni JM, Wiebe JS, Sauceda JA, Huh D, Sanchez G, Longoria V, et al. A preliminary RCT of CBT-AD for adherence and depression among HIV-positive Latinos on the U.S.-Mexico border: The Nuevo Dia study. AIDS and behavior. 2013;17(8):2816-29."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson, 2003",
          "ref": "Simpson S, Corney R, Beecham J. A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of psychodynamic counselling for general practice patients with chronic depression. Psychological Medicine. 2003;33(2):229-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah, 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: a randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179-189."
        },
        {
          "study": "Swartz, 2008",
          "ref": "Swartz HA, Frank E, Zuckoff A, Cyranowski JM, Houck PR, Cheng Y, et al. Brief interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed mothers whose children are receiving psychiatric treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;165(9):1155-62."
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 1977",
          "ref": "Taylor FG, Marshall WL. Experimental analysis of a cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1977;1(1):59-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 2009",
          "ref": "Taylor CB, Conrad A, Wilhelm FH, Strachowski D, Khaylis A, Neri E, et al. Does improving mood in depressed patients alter factors that may affect cardiovascular disease risk? Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2009;43(16):1246-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Teichman, 1995",
          "ref": "Teichman Y, Bar-el Z, Shor H, Sirota P, Elizur A. A comparison of two modalities of cognitive therapy (individual and marital) in treating depression. Psychiatry. 1995;58(2):136-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Verduyn, 2003",
          "ref": "Verduyn C, Barrowclough C, Roberts J, Tarrier N, Harrington R. Maternal depression and child behaviour problems: Randomised placebo-controlled trial of a cognitive-behavioural group intervention. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;183(OCT.):342-8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vernmark, 2010",
          "ref": "Vernmark K, Lenndin J, Bjärehed J, Carlsson M, Karlsson J, Oberg J, et al. Internet administered guided self-help versus individualized e-mail therapy: A randomized trial of two versions of CBT for major depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2010;48(5):368-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilson, 1983",
          "ref": "Wilson PH, Goldin JC, Charbonneau-Powis M. Comparative efficacy of behavioral and cognitive treatments of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1983;7(2):111-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wollersheim, 1991",
          "ref": "Wollersheim JP, Wilson GL. Group treatment of unipolar depression: A comparison of coping, supportive, bibliotherapy, and delayed treatment groups. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. 1991;22(6):496."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2008a",
          "ref": "Wong DF. Cognitive and health-related outcomes of group cognitive behavioural treatment for people with depressive symptoms in Hong Kong: Randomized wait-list control study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;42(8):702-11."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2008b",
          "ref": "Wong DF. Cognitive behavioral treatment groups for people with chronic depression in Hong Kong: A randomized wait-list control design. Depression and anxiety. 2008;25(2):142-8."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 162,
      "instr": "BDI-I",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory I",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Not low risk of bias",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 76,
      "k_es": 119,
      "sd": 7.979,
      "lo": 7.206,
      "hi": 8.834,
      "tau2": 0.1922,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.359,
      "phi": 18.953,
      "i2": 95.4,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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        },
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          "study": "Pecheur, 1984",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Schramm, 2020",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1987",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Hamblin D, Beutler L. Bibliotherapy for depressed older adults: A self-help alternative. The Gerontologist. 1987;27(3):383-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1990",
          "ref": "Scott MJ, Stradling SG. Group cognitive therapy for depression produces clinically significant reliable change in community-based settings. Behavioural Psychotherapy. 1990;18(01):1-19."
        },
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          "study": "Scott, 1997",
          "ref": "Scott C, Tacchi MJ, Jones R, Scott J. Acute and one-year outcome of a randomised controlled trial of brief cognitive therapy for major depressive disorder in primary care. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1997;171:131-4."
        },
        {
          "study": "Selmi, 1990",
          "ref": "Selmi PM, Klein MH, Greist JH, Sorrell SP, Erdman HP. Computer-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1990;147(1):51-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah, 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: a randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179-189."
        },
        {
          "study": "Swartz, 2008",
          "ref": "Swartz HA, Frank E, Zuckoff A, Cyranowski JM, Houck PR, Cheng Y, et al. Brief interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed mothers whose children are receiving psychiatric treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;165(9):1155-62."
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 1977",
          "ref": "Taylor FG, Marshall WL. Experimental analysis of a cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1977;1(1):59-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 2009",
          "ref": "Taylor CB, Conrad A, Wilhelm FH, Strachowski D, Khaylis A, Neri E, et al. Does improving mood in depressed patients alter factors that may affect cardiovascular disease risk? Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2009;43(16):1246-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Teichman, 1995",
          "ref": "Teichman Y, Bar-el Z, Shor H, Sirota P, Elizur A. A comparison of two modalities of cognitive therapy (individual and marital) in treating depression. Psychiatry. 1995;58(2):136-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Verduyn, 2003",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wilson, 1983",
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        },
        {
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 163,
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      "i2": null,
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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        },
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          "study": "Vernmark, 2010",
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        },
        {
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 164,
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
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        },
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          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
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        },
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          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
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        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 165,
      "instr": "BDI-II",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Three-level CHE model",
      "k": 143,
      "k_es": 172,
      "sd": 9.4,
      "lo": 8.819,
      "hi": 10.019,
      "tau2": 0.136,
      "tau2w": 0.0045,
      "plo": 4.496,
      "phi": 19.652,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
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        },
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          "study": "Nadort, 2022",
          "ref": "Nadort, E., Schouten, R. W., Boeschoten, R. E., Smets, Y., Chandie Shaw, P., Vleming, L. J., . . . Siegert, C. E. H. (2022). Internet-based treatment for depressive symptoms in hemodialysis patients: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 75, 46-53. doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2022.01.008"
        },
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          "study": "Nakagawa, 2017",
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        },
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          "study": "Nakao, 2018",
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        },
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          "study": "Newby, 2013",
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        },
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          "study": "Newby, 2014",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Lang T, Werner-Seidler A, Holmes E, Moulds ML. Alleviating distressing intrusive memories in depression: A comparison between computerised cognitive bias modification and cognitive behavioural education. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2014;56:60-7."
        },
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          "study": "Niedermoser, 2020",
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        },
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          "study": "Nissen, 2020",
          "ref": "Nissen ER, O'Connor M, Kaldo V, Højris I, Borre M, Zachariae R, et al. Internet-delivered mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for anxiety and depression in cancer survivors: A randomized controlled trial. Psycho-oncology. 2020;29(1):68-75."
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Olukolade, 2017",
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        },
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          "study": "Onuigbo, 2019",
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        },
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          "study": "Otu, 2023",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Piers, 2023",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Raji, 2022",
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        },
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          "study": "Ransom, 2008",
          "ref": "Ransom D, Heckman TG, Anderson T, Garske J, Holroyd K, Basta T. Telephone-delivered, interpersonal psychotherapy for HIV-infected rural persons with depression: A pilot trial. Psychiatric Services. 2008;59(8):871-7."
        },
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          "study": "Raya-Tena, 2021",
          "ref": "Raya-Tena, A., Fernández-San-Martin, M. I., Martin-Royo, J., Casañas, R., Sauch-Valmaña, G., Cols-Sagarra, C., . . . Jiménez-Herrera, M. F. (2021). Effectiveness of a Psychoeducational Group Intervention Carried Out by Nurses for Patients with Depression and Physical Comorbidity in Primary Care: Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(6). doi:10.3390/ijerph18062948"
        },
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          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
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          "study": "Richards, 2012",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., & Hevey, D. (2013). A comparison of two online cognitive-behavioural interventions for symptoms of depression in a student population: The role of therapist responsiveness. Counselling & Psychotherapy Research, 13(3), 184-193. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2013-30909-004&site=ehost-live ORCID: 0000-0003-2844-0449 ORCID: 0000-0003-2785-0753 ORCID: 0000-0003-0871-4078 derek.richards@tcd.ie"
        },
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          "study": "Richards, 2015",
          "ref": "Richards D, Timulak L, O'Brien E, Hayes C, Vigano N, Sharry J, et al. A randomized controlled trial of an internet-delivered treatment: Its potential as a low-intensity community intervention for adults with symptoms of depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2015;75:20-31."
        },
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          "study": "Richards, 2018",
          "ref": "Richards SH, Dickens C, Anderson R, et al. Assessing the effectiveness of Enhanced Psychological Care for patients with depressive symptoms attending cardiac rehabilitation compared with treatment as usual (CADENCE): a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial. Trials 2018; 19(1)."
        },
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          "study": "Rief, 2018",
          "ref": "Rief W, Bleichhardt G, Dannehl K, Euteneuer F, Wambach K. Comparing the Efficacy of CBASP with Two Versions of CBT for Depression in a Routine Care Center: a Randomized Clinical Trial. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics 2018;"
        },
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          "study": "Ritvo, 2021",
          "ref": "Ritvo, P., et al. (2021). \"Online Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention for Youth With Major Depressive Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(3): e24380."
        },
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          "study": "Rogiers, 2022",
          "ref": "Rogiers, R., Baeken, C., Van den Abbeele, D., Watkins, E. R., Remue, J., Colman, R., . . . Lemmens, G. M. D. (2022). Group intervention ‘Drop It!’ decreases repetitive negative thinking in major depressive disorder and/or generalized anxiety disorder: A randomised controlled study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 46(1), 182-196. doi:10.1007/s10608-021-10240-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rohan, 2007",
          "ref": "Rohan KJ, Roecklein KA, Lindsey KT, Johnson LG, Lippy RD, Lacy TJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, and their combination for seasonal affective disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2007;75(3):489-500."
        },
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          "study": "Russell, 2020",
          "ref": "Russell, A., Gaunt, D. M., Cooper, K., Barton, S., Horwood, J., Kessler, D., . . . et al. (2019). The feasibility of low-intensity psychological therapy for depression co-occurring with autism in adults: the Autism Depression Trial (ADEPT) – a pilot randomised controlled trial. Autism. doi:10.1177/1362361319889272"
        },
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          "study": "Sandoval, 2017",
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        },
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          "study": "Savari, 2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Schmidt, 2012",
          "ref": "Schmidt, N. B., Buckner, J. D., Pusser, A., Woolaway-Bickel, K., Preston, J. L., & Norr, A. (2012). Randomized controlled trial of false safety behavior elimination therapy: a unified cognitive behavioral treatment for anxiety psychopathology. Behav Ther, 43(3), 518-532. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2012.02.006"
        },
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          "study": "Serfaty, 2009",
          "ref": "Serfaty MA, Haworth D, Blanchard M, Buszewicz M, Murad S, King M. Clinical effectiveness of individual cognitive behavioral therapy for depressed older people in primary care: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2009;66(12):1332-40."
        },
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          "study": "Serfaty, 2020",
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        },
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          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Titov, 2010",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
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        },
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          "study": "Victor-Aigbodion, 2023",
          "ref": "Victor-Aigbodion, V., Eseadi, C., Ardi, Z., Sewagegn, A. A., Ololo, K., Abonor, L. B., . . . Effanga, O. A. (2023). Effectiveness of rational emotive behavior therapy in reducing depression among undergraduate medical students. Medicine (Baltimore), 102(4), e32724. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000032724"
        },
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          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
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          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013b",
          "ref": "Williams C, Wilson P, Morrison J, McMahon A, Andrew W, Allan L, et al. Guided self-help cognitive behavioural therapy for depression in primary care: A randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e52735."
        },
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          "study": "Winnebeck, 2017",
          "ref": "Winnebeck, E., Fissler, M., Gärtner, M., Chadwick, P., & Barnhofer, T. (2017). Brief training in mindfulness meditation reduces symptoms in patients with a chronic or recurrent lifetime history of depression: A randomized controlled study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 99, 124-130. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.10.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yang, 2018",
          "ref": "Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zu S, Zhao J. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: a six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. Journal of affective disorders 2018; 226: 251‐60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 166,
      "instr": "BDI-II",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Fixed-effect",
      "k": 143,
      "k_es": 172,
      "sd": 9.631,
      "lo": 9.521,
      "hi": 9.743,
      "tau2": null,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": null,
      "phi": null,
      "i2": 96.4,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
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          "study": "Piers, 2023",
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        },
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          "study": "Raji, 2022",
          "ref": "Raji Lahiji, M., Sajadian, A., Haghighat, S., Zarrati, M., Dareini, H., Raji Lahiji, M., & Razmpoosh, E. (2022). Effectiveness of logotherapy and nutrition counseling on psychological status, quality of life, and dietary intake among breast cancer survivors with depressive disorder: a randomized clinical trial. Supportive Care in Cancer. doi:10.1007/s00520-022-07237-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ransom, 2008",
          "ref": "Ransom D, Heckman TG, Anderson T, Garske J, Holroyd K, Basta T. Telephone-delivered, interpersonal psychotherapy for HIV-infected rural persons with depression: A pilot trial. Psychiatric Services. 2008;59(8):871-7."
        },
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          "study": "Raya-Tena, 2021",
          "ref": "Raya-Tena, A., Fernández-San-Martin, M. I., Martin-Royo, J., Casañas, R., Sauch-Valmaña, G., Cols-Sagarra, C., . . . Jiménez-Herrera, M. F. (2021). Effectiveness of a Psychoeducational Group Intervention Carried Out by Nurses for Patients with Depression and Physical Comorbidity in Primary Care: Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(6). doi:10.3390/ijerph18062948"
        },
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          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
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          "study": "Richards, 2012",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., & Hevey, D. (2013). A comparison of two online cognitive-behavioural interventions for symptoms of depression in a student population: The role of therapist responsiveness. Counselling & Psychotherapy Research, 13(3), 184-193. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2013-30909-004&site=ehost-live ORCID: 0000-0003-2844-0449 ORCID: 0000-0003-2785-0753 ORCID: 0000-0003-0871-4078 derek.richards@tcd.ie"
        },
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          "study": "Richards, 2015",
          "ref": "Richards D, Timulak L, O'Brien E, Hayes C, Vigano N, Sharry J, et al. A randomized controlled trial of an internet-delivered treatment: Its potential as a low-intensity community intervention for adults with symptoms of depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2015;75:20-31."
        },
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          "study": "Richards, 2018",
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          "study": "Rief, 2018",
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        },
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          "study": "Ritvo, 2021",
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          "study": "Rogiers, 2022",
          "ref": "Rogiers, R., Baeken, C., Van den Abbeele, D., Watkins, E. R., Remue, J., Colman, R., . . . Lemmens, G. M. D. (2022). Group intervention ‘Drop It!’ decreases repetitive negative thinking in major depressive disorder and/or generalized anxiety disorder: A randomised controlled study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 46(1), 182-196. doi:10.1007/s10608-021-10240-8"
        },
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          "study": "Rohan, 2007",
          "ref": "Rohan KJ, Roecklein KA, Lindsey KT, Johnson LG, Lippy RD, Lacy TJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, and their combination for seasonal affective disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2007;75(3):489-500."
        },
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          "study": "Russell, 2020",
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        },
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          "study": "Sandoval, 2017",
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        },
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          "study": "Savari, 2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Schmidt, 2012",
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        },
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          "study": "Serfaty, 2009",
          "ref": "Serfaty MA, Haworth D, Blanchard M, Buszewicz M, Murad S, King M. Clinical effectiveness of individual cognitive behavioral therapy for depressed older people in primary care: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2009;66(12):1332-40."
        },
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          "study": "Serfaty, 2020",
          "ref": "Serfaty, M., King, M., Nazareth, I., Moorey, S., Aspden, T., Tookman, A., . . . Jones, L. (2019). Manualised cognitive and behavioural therapy in treating depression in advanced cancer: the CanTalk RCT. Health Technology Assessment, 23(19), 1‐106. doi:10.3310/hta23190"
        },
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          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Titov, 2010",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
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        },
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          "study": "Victor-Aigbodion, 2023",
          "ref": "Victor-Aigbodion, V., Eseadi, C., Ardi, Z., Sewagegn, A. A., Ololo, K., Abonor, L. B., . . . Effanga, O. A. (2023). Effectiveness of rational emotive behavior therapy in reducing depression among undergraduate medical students. Medicine (Baltimore), 102(4), e32724. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000032724"
        },
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          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
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        },
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          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
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        },
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          "study": "Williams, 2013",
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        },
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          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
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        },
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          "study": "Williams, 2013b",
          "ref": "Williams C, Wilson P, Morrison J, McMahon A, Andrew W, Allan L, et al. Guided self-help cognitive behavioural therapy for depression in primary care: A randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e52735."
        },
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          "study": "Winnebeck, 2017",
          "ref": "Winnebeck, E., Fissler, M., Gärtner, M., Chadwick, P., & Barnhofer, T. (2017). Brief training in mindfulness meditation reduces symptoms in patients with a chronic or recurrent lifetime history of depression: A randomized controlled study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 99, 124-130. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.10.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yang, 2018",
          "ref": "Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zu S, Zhao J. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: a six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. Journal of affective disorders 2018; 226: 251‐60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 167,
      "instr": "BDI-II",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Outliers removed (sensitivity)",
      "k": 75,
      "k_es": 88,
      "sd": 9.665,
      "lo": 9.371,
      "hi": 9.969,
      "tau2": 0.0107,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 7.872,
      "phi": 11.867,
      "i2": 66.3,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Lappalainen, 2015",
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        },
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          "study": "Lexis, 2011",
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        },
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          "study": "Liu, 2009",
          "ref": "Liu ET-H, Chen W-L, Li Y-H, Wang CH, Mok TJ, Huang HS. Exploring the efficacy of cognitive bibliotherapy and a potential mechanism of change in the treatment of depressive symptoms among the Chinese: A randomized controlled trial. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 2009;33(5):449-61."
        },
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          "study": "Mansour, 2022",
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        },
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          "study": "Martin, 2015",
          "ref": "Martin PR, Aiello R, Gilson K, Meadows G, Milgrom J, Reece J. Cognitive behavior therapy for comorbid migraine and/or tension-type headache and major depressive disorder: An exploratory randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2015;73:8-18."
        },
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          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
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        },
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          "study": "McIndoo, 2016",
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        },
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          "study": "Milgrom, 2011",
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        },
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          "study": "Milgrom, 2015b",
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        },
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          "study": "Milgrom, 2016",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Montero-Marin, 2016",
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        },
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          "study": "Nakao, 2018",
          "ref": "Nakao, S., Nakagawa, A., Oguchi, Y., Mitsuda, D., Kato, N., Nakagawa, Y., Tamura, N., Kudo, Y., Abe, T., Hiyama, M., Iwashita, S., Ono, Y., & Mimura, M. Web-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Blended With Face-to-Face Sessions for Major Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(9), e10743."
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          "study": "Newby, 2013",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Serfaty, 2020",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Spek, 2007",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Strauss, 2012",
          "ref": "Strauss C, Hayward M, Chadwick P. Group person-based cognitive therapy for chronic depression: A pilot randomized controlled trial. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2012;51(3):345-50."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tovote, 2014",
          "ref": "Tovote KA, Fleer J, Snippe E, Peeters A, Emmelkamp PMG, Sanderman R, et al. Individual mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for treating depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2014;37(9):2427-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner, 2013",
          "ref": "Turner A, Hambridge J, Baker A, Bowman J, McElduff P. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behaviour therapy versus brief intervention for depression in cardiac patients. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2013;47(3):235-43."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 168,
      "instr": "BDI-II",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Influence analysis (sensitivity)",
      "k": 140,
      "k_es": 168,
      "sd": 9.524,
      "lo": 9.016,
      "hi": 10.061,
      "tau2": 0.1009,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 5.097,
      "phi": 17.795,
      "i2": 95.2,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Victor-Aigbodion, 2023",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013b",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Winnebeck, 2017",
          "ref": "Winnebeck, E., Fissler, M., Gärtner, M., Chadwick, P., & Barnhofer, T. (2017). Brief training in mindfulness meditation reduces symptoms in patients with a chronic or recurrent lifetime history of depression: A randomized controlled study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 99, 124-130. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.10.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yang, 2018",
          "ref": "Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zu S, Zhao J. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: a six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. Journal of affective disorders 2018; 226: 251‐60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
      ]
    },
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      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
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      "sg": "Age group",
      "sgv": "Adults",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 114,
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Titov, 2010",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Winnebeck, 2017",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 170,
      "instr": "BDI-II",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Age group",
      "sgv": "Adults",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 143,
      "k_es": 172,
      "sd": 9.4,
      "lo": 8.819,
      "hi": 10.019,
      "tau2": 0.136,
      "tau2w": 0.0045,
      "plo": 4.496,
      "phi": 19.652,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2014",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Lang T, Werner-Seidler A, Holmes E, Moulds ML. Alleviating distressing intrusive memories in depression: A comparison between computerised cognitive bias modification and cognitive behavioural education. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2014;56:60-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Niedermoser, 2020",
          "ref": "Niedermoser DW, Kalak N, Kiyhankhadiv A, et al. Workplace-Related Interpersonal Group Psychotherapy to Improve Life at Work in Individuals With Major Depressive Disorders: a Randomized Interventional Pilot Study. Frontiers in psychiatry. 2020;11."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nissen, 2020",
          "ref": "Nissen ER, O'Connor M, Kaldo V, Højris I, Borre M, Zachariae R, et al. Internet-delivered mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for anxiety and depression in cancer survivors: A randomized controlled trial. Psycho-oncology. 2020;29(1):68-75."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Mahen, 2013a",
          "ref": "O'Mahen H, Himle JA, Fedock G, Henshaw E, Flynn H. A pilot randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for perinatal depression adapted for women with low incomes. Depression and anxiety. 2013;30(7):679-87."
        },
        {
          "study": "Olukolade, 2017",
          "ref": "Olukolade, O., & Osinowo, H. (2017). Efficacy of Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapy on Poststroke Depression among Survivors of First Stroke Attack in Ibadan, Nigeria. Behavioural Neurology, 2017"
        },
        {
          "study": "Onuigbo, 2019",
          "ref": "Onuigbo, L. N., Eseadi, C., Ebifa, S., Ugwu, U. C., Onyishi, C. N., & Oyeoku, E. K. (2019). Effect of rational emotive behavior therapy program on depressive symptoms among university students with blindness in Nigeria. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 37(1), 17-38. doi:10.1007/s10942-018-0297-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Otu, 2023",
          "ref": "Otu MS, Ebizie EN, Otu FM, Eseadi C. Efficacy of a counselling video blog intervention from YouTube on depression reduction among primary school teachers. Psychological Studies. 2023;68(3):335-41."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pardini, 2014 (study 2)",
          "ref": "Pardini J, Scogin F, Schriver J, Domino M, Wilson D, LaRocca M. Efficacy and process of cognitive bibliotherapy for the treatment of depression in jail and prison inmates. Psychological services 2014-11(2): 141-52. (study2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Patel, 2017",
          "ref": "Patel, V., Weobong, B., Weiss, H., Anand, A., Bhat, B., Katti, B., . . . Fairburn, C. (2017). The Healthy Activity Program (HAP), a lay counsellor-delivered brief psychological treatment for severe depression, in primary care in India: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (london, england), 389(10065), 176-185."
        },
        {
          "study": "Perini, 2009",
          "ref": "Perini S, Titov N, Andrews G. Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for depression: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;43(6):571-8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Piers, 2023",
          "ref": "Piers, R. J., Farchione, T. J., Wong, B., Rosellini, A. J., & Cronin-Golomb, A. (2023). Telehealth Transdiagnostic Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression in Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Movement Disorders Clinical Practice, 10(1), 79-85. doi:10.1002/mdc3.13587"
        },
        {
          "study": "Preschl, 2012",
          "ref": "Preschl B, Maercker A, Wagner B, Forstmeier S, Banos RM, Alcaniz M, et al. Life-review therapy with computer supplements for depression in the elderly: A randomized controlled trial. Aging and Mental Health. 2012;16(8):964-74."
        },
        {
          "study": "Psarraki, 2021",
          "ref": "Psarraki, E. E., Bacopoulou, F., Panagoulias, E., Michou, M., Pelekasis, P., Artemiadis, A., . . . Darviri, C. (2021). The effects of Pythagorean Self-Awareness Intervention on patients with major depressive disorder: A pilot randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res, 138, 326-334. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.067"
        },
        {
          "study": "Raji, 2022",
          "ref": "Raji Lahiji, M., Sajadian, A., Haghighat, S., Zarrati, M., Dareini, H., Raji Lahiji, M., & Razmpoosh, E. (2022). Effectiveness of logotherapy and nutrition counseling on psychological status, quality of life, and dietary intake among breast cancer survivors with depressive disorder: a randomized clinical trial. Supportive Care in Cancer. doi:10.1007/s00520-022-07237-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ransom, 2008",
          "ref": "Ransom D, Heckman TG, Anderson T, Garske J, Holroyd K, Basta T. Telephone-delivered, interpersonal psychotherapy for HIV-infected rural persons with depression: A pilot trial. Psychiatric Services. 2008;59(8):871-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Raya-Tena, 2021",
          "ref": "Raya-Tena, A., Fernández-San-Martin, M. I., Martin-Royo, J., Casañas, R., Sauch-Valmaña, G., Cols-Sagarra, C., . . . Jiménez-Herrera, M. F. (2021). Effectiveness of a Psychoeducational Group Intervention Carried Out by Nurses for Patients with Depression and Physical Comorbidity in Primary Care: Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(6). doi:10.3390/ijerph18062948"
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2012",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., & Hevey, D. (2013). A comparison of two online cognitive-behavioural interventions for symptoms of depression in a student population: The role of therapist responsiveness. Counselling & Psychotherapy Research, 13(3), 184-193. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2013-30909-004&site=ehost-live ORCID: 0000-0003-2844-0449 ORCID: 0000-0003-2785-0753 ORCID: 0000-0003-0871-4078 derek.richards@tcd.ie"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2015",
          "ref": "Richards D, Timulak L, O'Brien E, Hayes C, Vigano N, Sharry J, et al. A randomized controlled trial of an internet-delivered treatment: Its potential as a low-intensity community intervention for adults with symptoms of depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2015;75:20-31."
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2018",
          "ref": "Richards SH, Dickens C, Anderson R, et al. Assessing the effectiveness of Enhanced Psychological Care for patients with depressive symptoms attending cardiac rehabilitation compared with treatment as usual (CADENCE): a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial. Trials 2018; 19(1)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rief, 2018",
          "ref": "Rief W, Bleichhardt G, Dannehl K, Euteneuer F, Wambach K. Comparing the Efficacy of CBASP with Two Versions of CBT for Depression in a Routine Care Center: a Randomized Clinical Trial. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics 2018;"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ritvo, 2021",
          "ref": "Ritvo, P., et al. (2021). \"Online Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention for Youth With Major Depressive Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(3): e24380."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rogiers, 2022",
          "ref": "Rogiers, R., Baeken, C., Van den Abbeele, D., Watkins, E. R., Remue, J., Colman, R., . . . Lemmens, G. M. D. (2022). Group intervention ‘Drop It!’ decreases repetitive negative thinking in major depressive disorder and/or generalized anxiety disorder: A randomised controlled study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 46(1), 182-196. doi:10.1007/s10608-021-10240-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rohan, 2007",
          "ref": "Rohan KJ, Roecklein KA, Lindsey KT, Johnson LG, Lippy RD, Lacy TJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, and their combination for seasonal affective disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2007;75(3):489-500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell, 2020",
          "ref": "Russell, A., Gaunt, D. M., Cooper, K., Barton, S., Horwood, J., Kessler, D., . . . et al. (2019). The feasibility of low-intensity psychological therapy for depression co-occurring with autism in adults: the Autism Depression Trial (ADEPT) – a pilot randomised controlled trial. Autism. doi:10.1177/1362361319889272"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sandoval, 2017",
          "ref": "Sandoval, L., Buckey, J., Ainslie, R., Tombari, M., Stone, W., & Hegel, M. (2017). Randomized Controlled Trial of a Computerized Interactive Media-Based Problem Solving Treatment for Depression. Behavior Therapy, 48(3), 413-425."
        },
        {
          "study": "Savari, 2021",
          "ref": "Savari, Y., Mohagheghi, H., & Petrocchi, N. (2021). A preliminary investigation on the effectiveness of compassionate mind training for students with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Mindfulness, 12(5), 1159-1172. doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01584-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schmidt, 2012",
          "ref": "Schmidt, N. B., Buckner, J. D., Pusser, A., Woolaway-Bickel, K., Preston, J. L., & Norr, A. (2012). Randomized controlled trial of false safety behavior elimination therapy: a unified cognitive behavioral treatment for anxiety psychopathology. Behav Ther, 43(3), 518-532. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2012.02.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Serfaty, 2009",
          "ref": "Serfaty MA, Haworth D, Blanchard M, Buszewicz M, Murad S, King M. Clinical effectiveness of individual cognitive behavioral therapy for depressed older people in primary care: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2009;66(12):1332-40."
        },
        {
          "study": "Serfaty, 2020",
          "ref": "Serfaty, M., King, M., Nazareth, I., Moorey, S., Aspden, T., Tookman, A., . . . Jones, L. (2019). Manualised cognitive and behavioural therapy in treating depression in advanced cancer: the CanTalk RCT. Health Technology Assessment, 23(19), 1‐106. doi:10.3310/hta23190"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Spek, 2007",
          "ref": "Spek V, Nyklicek I, Smits N, Cuijpers P, Riper H, Keyzer J, et al. Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for subthreshold depression in people over 50 years old: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Psychological Medicine. 2007;37(12):1797-806."
        },
        {
          "study": "Steel, 2020",
          "ref": "Steel, C., Korrelboom, K., Baksh, M. F., Kingdon, D., Simon, J., Wykes, T., ... & van der Gaag, M. (2020). Positive memory training for the treatment of depression in schizophrenia: A randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 135, 103734."
        },
        {
          "study": "Strauss, 2012",
          "ref": "Strauss C, Hayward M, Chadwick P. Group person-based cognitive therapy for chronic depression: A pilot randomized controlled trial. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2012;51(3):345-50."
        },
        {
          "study": "Takagaki, 2016",
          "ref": "Takagaki K, Okamoto Y, Jinnin R, Mori A, Nishiyama Y, Yamamura T, et al. Behavioral activation for late adolescents with subthreshold depression: A randomized controlled trial. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2016;25(11):1171-82."
        },
        {
          "study": "Talbot, 2011",
          "ref": "Talbot NL, Chaudron LH, Ward EA, Duberstein PR, Conwell Y, O'Hara MW, et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed women with sexual abuse histories. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(4):374-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tovote, 2014",
          "ref": "Tovote KA, Fleer J, Snippe E, Peeters A, Emmelkamp PMG, Sanderman R, et al. Individual mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for treating depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2014;37(9):2427-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner, 2013",
          "ref": "Turner A, Hambridge J, Baker A, Bowman J, McElduff P. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behaviour therapy versus brief intervention for depression in cardiac patients. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2013;47(3):235-43."
        },
        {
          "study": "Victor-Aigbodion, 2023",
          "ref": "Victor-Aigbodion, V., Eseadi, C., Ardi, Z., Sewagegn, A. A., Ololo, K., Abonor, L. B., . . . Effanga, O. A. (2023). Effectiveness of rational emotive behavior therapy in reducing depression among undergraduate medical students. Medicine (Baltimore), 102(4), e32724. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000032724"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013b",
          "ref": "Williams C, Wilson P, Morrison J, McMahon A, Andrew W, Allan L, et al. Guided self-help cognitive behavioural therapy for depression in primary care: A randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e52735."
        },
        {
          "study": "Winnebeck, 2017",
          "ref": "Winnebeck, E., Fissler, M., Gärtner, M., Chadwick, P., & Barnhofer, T. (2017). Brief training in mindfulness meditation reduces symptoms in patients with a chronic or recurrent lifetime history of depression: A randomized controlled study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 99, 124-130. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.10.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yang, 2018",
          "ref": "Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zu S, Zhao J. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: a six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. Journal of affective disorders 2018; 226: 251‐60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "De Groot, 2019",
          "ref": "De Groot, M., Shubrook, J. H., Hornsby, W. G., Pillay, Y., Mather, K. J., Fitzpatrick, K., . . . Saha, C. (2019). Program ACTIVE II: Outcomes from a randomized, multistate community-based depression treatment for rural and urban adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care, 42(7), 1185-1193. doi:10.2337/dc18-2400"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dekker, 2012",
          "ref": "Dekker RL, Moser DK, Peden AR, Lennie TA. Cognitive therapy improves three-month outcomes in hospitalized patients with heart failure. Journal of cardiac failure. 2012;18(1):10-20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Desautels, 2018",
          "ref": "Desautels, C., Savard, J., Ivers, H., Savard, M. H., & Caplette-Gingras, A. (2018). Treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive therapy and bright light therapy [Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial]. Health Psychology, 37(1), 1‐13. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000539"
        },
        {
          "study": "Freedland, 2015",
          "ref": "Freedland KE, Carney RM, Rich MW, Steinmeyer BC, Rubin EH. Cognitive behavior therapy for depression and self-care in heart failure patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2015;175(11):1773-82."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Laidlaw, 2008",
          "ref": "Laidlaw K, Davidson K, Toner H, Jackson G, Clark S, Law J, et al. A randomised controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy vs treatment as usual in the treatment of mild to moderate late life depression. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2008;23(8):843-50."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nadort, 2022",
          "ref": "Nadort, E., Schouten, R. W., Boeschoten, R. E., Smets, Y., Chandie Shaw, P., Vleming, L. J., . . . Siegert, C. E. H. (2022). Internet-based treatment for depressive symptoms in hemodialysis patients: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 75, 46-53. doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2022.01.008"
        },
        {
          "study": "Piers, 2023",
          "ref": "Piers, R. J., Farchione, T. J., Wong, B., Rosellini, A. J., & Cronin-Golomb, A. (2023). Telehealth Transdiagnostic Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression in Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Movement Disorders Clinical Practice, 10(1), 79-85. doi:10.1002/mdc3.13587"
        },
        {
          "study": "Preschl, 2012",
          "ref": "Preschl B, Maercker A, Wagner B, Forstmeier S, Banos RM, Alcaniz M, et al. Life-review therapy with computer supplements for depression in the elderly: A randomized controlled trial. Aging and Mental Health. 2012;16(8):964-74."
        },
        {
          "study": "Raya-Tena, 2021",
          "ref": "Raya-Tena, A., Fernández-San-Martin, M. I., Martin-Royo, J., Casañas, R., Sauch-Valmaña, G., Cols-Sagarra, C., . . . Jiménez-Herrera, M. F. (2021). Effectiveness of a Psychoeducational Group Intervention Carried Out by Nurses for Patients with Depression and Physical Comorbidity in Primary Care: Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(6). doi:10.3390/ijerph18062948"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2018",
          "ref": "Richards SH, Dickens C, Anderson R, et al. Assessing the effectiveness of Enhanced Psychological Care for patients with depressive symptoms attending cardiac rehabilitation compared with treatment as usual (CADENCE): a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial. Trials 2018; 19(1)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Serfaty, 2009",
          "ref": "Serfaty MA, Haworth D, Blanchard M, Buszewicz M, Murad S, King M. Clinical effectiveness of individual cognitive behavioral therapy for depressed older people in primary care: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2009;66(12):1332-40."
        },
        {
          "study": "Serfaty, 2020",
          "ref": "Serfaty, M., King, M., Nazareth, I., Moorey, S., Aspden, T., Tookman, A., . . . Jones, L. (2019). Manualised cognitive and behavioural therapy in treating depression in advanced cancer: the CanTalk RCT. Health Technology Assessment, 23(19), 1‐106. doi:10.3310/hta23190"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Spek, 2007",
          "ref": "Spek V, Nyklicek I, Smits N, Cuijpers P, Riper H, Keyzer J, et al. Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for subthreshold depression in people over 50 years old: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Psychological Medicine. 2007;37(12):1797-806."
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner, 2013",
          "ref": "Turner A, Hambridge J, Baker A, Bowman J, McElduff P. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behaviour therapy versus brief intervention for depression in cardiac patients. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2013;47(3):235-43."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Amano, 2023",
          "ref": "Amano, M., Katayama, N., Umeda, S., Terasawa, Y., Tabuchi, H., Kikuchi, T., . . . Nakagawa, A. (2023). The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on future thinking in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.997154"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Au, 2022",
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          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
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          "study": "Musa, 2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Nadort, 2022",
          "ref": "Nadort, E., Schouten, R. W., Boeschoten, R. E., Smets, Y., Chandie Shaw, P., Vleming, L. J., . . . Siegert, C. E. H. (2022). Internet-based treatment for depressive symptoms in hemodialysis patients: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 75, 46-53. doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2022.01.008"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakagawa, 2017",
          "ref": "Nakagawa, A., Mitsuda, D., Sado, M., Abe, T., Fujisawa, D., Kikuchi, T., . . . Ono, Y. (2017). Effectiveness of supplementary cognitive-behavioral therapy for pharmacotherapy-resistant depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of clinical psychiatry, 78(8), 1126-1135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakao, 2018",
          "ref": "Nakao, S., Nakagawa, A., Oguchi, Y., Mitsuda, D., Kato, N., Nakagawa, Y., Tamura, N., Kudo, Y., Abe, T., Hiyama, M., Iwashita, S., Ono, Y., & Mimura, M. Web-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Blended With Face-to-Face Sessions for Major Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(9), e10743."
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2013",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2014",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Lang T, Werner-Seidler A, Holmes E, Moulds ML. Alleviating distressing intrusive memories in depression: A comparison between computerised cognitive bias modification and cognitive behavioural education. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2014;56:60-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Niedermoser, 2020",
          "ref": "Niedermoser DW, Kalak N, Kiyhankhadiv A, et al. Workplace-Related Interpersonal Group Psychotherapy to Improve Life at Work in Individuals With Major Depressive Disorders: a Randomized Interventional Pilot Study. Frontiers in psychiatry. 2020;11."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nissen, 2020",
          "ref": "Nissen ER, O'Connor M, Kaldo V, Højris I, Borre M, Zachariae R, et al. Internet-delivered mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for anxiety and depression in cancer survivors: A randomized controlled trial. Psycho-oncology. 2020;29(1):68-75."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Mahen, 2013a",
          "ref": "O'Mahen H, Himle JA, Fedock G, Henshaw E, Flynn H. A pilot randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for perinatal depression adapted for women with low incomes. Depression and anxiety. 2013;30(7):679-87."
        },
        {
          "study": "Olukolade, 2017",
          "ref": "Olukolade, O., & Osinowo, H. (2017). Efficacy of Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapy on Poststroke Depression among Survivors of First Stroke Attack in Ibadan, Nigeria. Behavioural Neurology, 2017"
        },
        {
          "study": "Onuigbo, 2019",
          "ref": "Onuigbo, L. N., Eseadi, C., Ebifa, S., Ugwu, U. C., Onyishi, C. N., & Oyeoku, E. K. (2019). Effect of rational emotive behavior therapy program on depressive symptoms among university students with blindness in Nigeria. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 37(1), 17-38. doi:10.1007/s10942-018-0297-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Otu, 2023",
          "ref": "Otu MS, Ebizie EN, Otu FM, Eseadi C. Efficacy of a counselling video blog intervention from YouTube on depression reduction among primary school teachers. Psychological Studies. 2023;68(3):335-41."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pardini, 2014 (study 2)",
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        },
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          "study": "Patel, 2017",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Perini, 2009",
          "ref": "Perini S, Titov N, Andrews G. Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for depression: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;43(6):571-8."
        },
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          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Piers, 2023",
          "ref": "Piers, R. J., Farchione, T. J., Wong, B., Rosellini, A. J., & Cronin-Golomb, A. (2023). Telehealth Transdiagnostic Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression in Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Movement Disorders Clinical Practice, 10(1), 79-85. doi:10.1002/mdc3.13587"
        },
        {
          "study": "Preschl, 2012",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Psarraki, 2021",
          "ref": "Psarraki, E. E., Bacopoulou, F., Panagoulias, E., Michou, M., Pelekasis, P., Artemiadis, A., . . . Darviri, C. (2021). The effects of Pythagorean Self-Awareness Intervention on patients with major depressive disorder: A pilot randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res, 138, 326-334. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.067"
        },
        {
          "study": "Raji, 2022",
          "ref": "Raji Lahiji, M., Sajadian, A., Haghighat, S., Zarrati, M., Dareini, H., Raji Lahiji, M., & Razmpoosh, E. (2022). Effectiveness of logotherapy and nutrition counseling on psychological status, quality of life, and dietary intake among breast cancer survivors with depressive disorder: a randomized clinical trial. Supportive Care in Cancer. doi:10.1007/s00520-022-07237-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ransom, 2008",
          "ref": "Ransom D, Heckman TG, Anderson T, Garske J, Holroyd K, Basta T. Telephone-delivered, interpersonal psychotherapy for HIV-infected rural persons with depression: A pilot trial. Psychiatric Services. 2008;59(8):871-7."
        },
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          "study": "Raya-Tena, 2021",
          "ref": "Raya-Tena, A., Fernández-San-Martin, M. I., Martin-Royo, J., Casañas, R., Sauch-Valmaña, G., Cols-Sagarra, C., . . . Jiménez-Herrera, M. F. (2021). Effectiveness of a Psychoeducational Group Intervention Carried Out by Nurses for Patients with Depression and Physical Comorbidity in Primary Care: Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(6). doi:10.3390/ijerph18062948"
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2012",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., & Hevey, D. (2013). A comparison of two online cognitive-behavioural interventions for symptoms of depression in a student population: The role of therapist responsiveness. Counselling & Psychotherapy Research, 13(3), 184-193. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2013-30909-004&site=ehost-live ORCID: 0000-0003-2844-0449 ORCID: 0000-0003-2785-0753 ORCID: 0000-0003-0871-4078 derek.richards@tcd.ie"
        },
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          "study": "Richards, 2015",
          "ref": "Richards D, Timulak L, O'Brien E, Hayes C, Vigano N, Sharry J, et al. A randomized controlled trial of an internet-delivered treatment: Its potential as a low-intensity community intervention for adults with symptoms of depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2015;75:20-31."
        },
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          "study": "Richards, 2018",
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        },
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          "study": "Rief, 2018",
          "ref": "Rief W, Bleichhardt G, Dannehl K, Euteneuer F, Wambach K. Comparing the Efficacy of CBASP with Two Versions of CBT for Depression in a Routine Care Center: a Randomized Clinical Trial. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics 2018;"
        },
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          "study": "Ritvo, 2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Rogiers, 2022",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Rohan, 2007",
          "ref": "Rohan KJ, Roecklein KA, Lindsey KT, Johnson LG, Lippy RD, Lacy TJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, and their combination for seasonal affective disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2007;75(3):489-500."
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Sandoval, 2017",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Savari, 2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Schmidt, 2012",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Serfaty, 2009",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yang, 2018",
          "ref": "Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zu S, Zhao J. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: a six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. Journal of affective disorders 2018; 226: 251‐60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "BDI-II",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
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      "k": 13,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Eseadi, 2022",
          "ref": "Eseadi, C., Ilechukwu, L. C., Victor-Aigbodion, V., Sewagegn, A. A., & Amedu, A. N. (2022). Intervention for depression among undergraduate religious education students: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore), 101(41), e31034. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000031034"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereydouni, 2022",
          "ref": "Fereydouni, S., & Forstmeier, S. (2022). An Islamic Form of Logotherapy in the Treatment of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Symptoms in University Students in Iran. J Relig Health, 61(1), 139-157. doi:10.1007/s10943-021-01495-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gawrysiak, 2009",
          "ref": "Gawrysiak M, Nicholas C, Hopko DR. Behavioral activation for moderately depressed university students: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 2009;56(3):468-75."
        },
        {
          "study": "McIndoo, 2016",
          "ref": "McIndoo CC, File AA, Preddy T, Clark CG, Hopko DR. Mindfulness-based therapy and behavioral activation: A randomized controlled trial with depressed college students. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2016;77:118-28."
        },
        {
          "study": "Moldovan, 2013",
          "ref": "Moldovan R, Cobeanu O, David D. Cognitive bibliotherapy for mild depressive symptomatology: Randomized clinical trial of efficacy and mechanisms of change. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2013;20(6):482-93."
        },
        {
          "study": "Onuigbo, 2019",
          "ref": "Onuigbo, L. N., Eseadi, C., Ebifa, S., Ugwu, U. C., Onyishi, C. N., & Oyeoku, E. K. (2019). Effect of rational emotive behavior therapy program on depressive symptoms among university students with blindness in Nigeria. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 37(1), 17-38. doi:10.1007/s10942-018-0297-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ritvo, 2021",
          "ref": "Ritvo, P., et al. (2021). \"Online Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention for Youth With Major Depressive Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(3): e24380."
        },
        {
          "study": "Savari, 2021",
          "ref": "Savari, Y., Mohagheghi, H., & Petrocchi, N. (2021). A preliminary investigation on the effectiveness of compassionate mind training for students with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Mindfulness, 12(5), 1159-1172. doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01584-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Takagaki, 2016",
          "ref": "Takagaki K, Okamoto Y, Jinnin R, Mori A, Nishiyama Y, Yamamura T, et al. Behavioral activation for late adolescents with subthreshold depression: A randomized controlled trial. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2016;25(11):1171-82."
        },
        {
          "study": "Victor-Aigbodion, 2023",
          "ref": "Victor-Aigbodion, V., Eseadi, C., Ardi, Z., Sewagegn, A. A., Ololo, K., Abonor, L. B., . . . Effanga, O. A. (2023). Effectiveness of rational emotive behavior therapy in reducing depression among undergraduate medical students. Medicine (Baltimore), 102(4), e32724. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000032724"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yang, 2018",
          "ref": "Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zu S, Zhao J. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: a six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. Journal of affective disorders 2018; 226: 251‐60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "BDI-II",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Age group",
      "sgv": "Young adults",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
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      "k_es": 172,
      "sd": 9.4,
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      "hi": 10.019,
      "tau2": 0.136,
      "tau2w": 0.0045,
      "plo": 4.496,
      "phi": 19.652,
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      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Amano, 2023",
          "ref": "Amano, M., Katayama, N., Umeda, S., Terasawa, Y., Tabuchi, H., Kikuchi, T., . . . Nakagawa, A. (2023). The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on future thinking in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.997154"
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Nadort, 2022",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Newby, 2014",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Ransom, 2008",
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        },
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          "study": "Raya-Tena, 2021",
          "ref": "Raya-Tena, A., Fernández-San-Martin, M. I., Martin-Royo, J., Casañas, R., Sauch-Valmaña, G., Cols-Sagarra, C., . . . Jiménez-Herrera, M. F. (2021). Effectiveness of a Psychoeducational Group Intervention Carried Out by Nurses for Patients with Depression and Physical Comorbidity in Primary Care: Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(6). doi:10.3390/ijerph18062948"
        },
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          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
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        },
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          "study": "Richards, 2012",
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        },
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          "study": "Richards, 2015",
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        },
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          "study": "Richards, 2018",
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          "study": "Rief, 2018",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Rohan, 2007",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
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        },
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          "study": "Williams, 2013",
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        },
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          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
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        },
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          "study": "Williams, 2013b",
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        },
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          "study": "Winnebeck, 2017",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yang, 2018",
          "ref": "Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zu S, Zhao J. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: a six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. Journal of affective disorders 2018; 226: 251‐60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 175,
      "instr": "BDI-II",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Comorbidity",
      "sgv": "No comorbidity",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 115,
      "k_es": 137,
      "sd": 9.299,
      "lo": 8.666,
      "hi": 9.979,
      "tau2": 0.14,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 4.452,
      "phi": 19.426,
      "i2": 96.5,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
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          "study": "Titov, 2010",
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        },
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          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Turner, 2013",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Victor-Aigbodion, 2023",
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013b",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Winnebeck, 2017",
          "ref": "Winnebeck, E., Fissler, M., Gärtner, M., Chadwick, P., & Barnhofer, T. (2017). Brief training in mindfulness meditation reduces symptoms in patients with a chronic or recurrent lifetime history of depression: A randomized controlled study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 99, 124-130. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.10.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yang, 2018",
          "ref": "Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zu S, Zhao J. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: a six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. Journal of affective disorders 2018; 226: 251‐60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Comorbidity",
      "sgv": "No comorbidity",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 143,
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      "sd": 9.4,
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      "tau2": 0.136,
      "tau2w": 0.0045,
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      "phi": 19.652,
      "i2": null,
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      "refs": [
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          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yang, 2018",
          "ref": "Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zu S, Zhao J. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: a six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. Journal of affective disorders 2018; 226: 251‐60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Baker, 2010",
          "ref": "Baker AL, Kavanagh DJ, Kay-Lambkin FJ, Hunt SA, Lewin TJ, Carr VJ, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for coexisting depression and alcohol problems: short-term outcome. Addiction (Abingdon, England). 2010;105(1):87-99."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carpenter, 2008",
          "ref": "Carpenter KM, Smith JL, Aharonovich E, Nunes EV. Developing therapies for depression in drug dependence: Results of a stage 1 therapy study. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 2008;34(5):642-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dunn, 2007",
          "ref": "Dunn NJ, Rehm LP, Schillaci J, Souchek J, Mehta P, Ashton CM, et al. A randomized trial of self-management and psychoeducational group therapies for comorbid chronic posttraumatic stress disorder and depressive disorder. Journal of traumatic stress. 2007;20(3):221-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "El-Monshed, 2024",
          "ref": "El-Monshed, A. H., Khonji, L. M., Altheeb, M., Saad, M. T. E., Elsheikh, M. A., Loutfy, A., . . . Zoromba, M. A. (2024). Does a program-based cognitive behavioral therapy affect insomnia and depression in menopausal women? A randomized controlled trial. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs, 21(2), 202-215. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12707"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hashemi, 2022",
          "ref": "Hashemi, Z., Eyni, S., & Ebadi, M. (2022). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Depression and Anxiety in People with Substance Use Disorder. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 16(1). doi:10.5812/ijpbs.110135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hsiao, 2014",
          "ref": "Hsiao, F.-H., Lai, Y.-M., Chen, Y.-T., Yang, T.-T., Liao, S.-C., Ho, R. T., Ng, S.-M., Chan, C. L., & Jow, G.-M. (2014). Efficacy of psychotherapy on diurnal cortisol patterns and suicidal ideation in adjustment disorder with depressed mood. General hospital psychiatry, 36(2), 214-219. http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0163834313003113/1-s2.0-S0163834313003113-main.pdf?_tid=685fbc62-cf4e-11e5-b7e9-00000aab0f6c&acdnat=1455037317_a8c762fea010c7ac31f2152769dad94c"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kay-Lambkin, 2009",
          "ref": "Kay-Lambkin, F. J., Baker, A. L., Lewin, T. J., & Carr, V. J. (2009). Computer-based psychological treatment for comorbid depression and problematic alcohol and/or cannabis use: A randomized controlled trial of clinical efficacy. Addiction, 104(3), 378-388. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02444.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mahmoodi, 2021",
          "ref": "Mahmoodi, M., Bakhtiyari, M., Masjedi Arani, A., Mohammadi, A., & Saberi Isfeedvajani, M. (2021). The comparison between CBT focused on perfectionism and CBT focused on emotion regulation for individuals with depression and anxiety disorders and dysfunctional perfectionism: A randomized controlled trial. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 49(4), 454-471. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465820000909"
        },
        {
          "study": "Majidzadeh, 2023",
          "ref": "Majidzadeh S, Mirghafourvand M, Farvareshi M, Yavarikia P. The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on depression and anxiety of women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2023;23(1):332."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell, 2020",
          "ref": "Russell, A., Gaunt, D. M., Cooper, K., Barton, S., Horwood, J., Kessler, D., . . . et al. (2019). The feasibility of low-intensity psychological therapy for depression co-occurring with autism in adults: the Autism Depression Trial (ADEPT) – a pilot randomised controlled trial. Autism. doi:10.1177/1362361319889272"
        },
        {
          "study": "Steel, 2020",
          "ref": "Steel, C., Korrelboom, K., Baksh, M. F., Kingdon, D., Simon, J., Wykes, T., ... & van der Gaag, M. (2020). Positive memory training for the treatment of depression in schizophrenia: A randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 135, 103734."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Amano, 2023",
          "ref": "Amano, M., Katayama, N., Umeda, S., Terasawa, Y., Tabuchi, H., Kikuchi, T., . . . Nakagawa, A. (2023). The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on future thinking in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.997154"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Au, 2022",
          "ref": "Au, A., Nan, H., Sum, R., Ng, F., Kwong, A., & Wong, S. (2022). Cognitive behavioural therapy for adherence and sub-clinical depression in type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial (abridged secondary publication). Hong Kong Med J, 28 Suppl 3(3), 21-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Baker, 2010",
          "ref": "Baker AL, Kavanagh DJ, Kay-Lambkin FJ, Hunt SA, Lewin TJ, Carr VJ, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for coexisting depression and alcohol problems: short-term outcome. Addiction (Abingdon, England). 2010;105(1):87-99."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer, 2009",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Basirat, 2022",
          "ref": "Basirat, Z., Kheirkhah, F., Faramarzi, M., Esmaelzadeh, S., Khafri, S., & Tajali, Z. (2022). Pharmacotherapy or Psychotherapy? Selective Treatment Depression in The Infertile Women with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Triple-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Fertility and Sterility, 16(3), 211-219. doi:10.22074/ijfs.2021.529258.1124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bedard, 2014",
          "ref": "Bedard M, Felteau M, Marshall S, Cullen N, Gibbons C, Dubois S, et al. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy reduces symptoms of depression in people with a traumatic brain injury: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. 2014;29(4):E13-E22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2011",
          "ref": "Berger T, Hämmerli K, Gubser N, Andersson G, Caspar F. Internet-based treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial comparing guided with unguided self-help. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. 2011;40(4):251-66."
        },
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          "study": "Berger, 2014",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Bilich, 2008",
          "ref": "Bilich, L. L., Deane, F. P., Phipps, A. B., Barisic, M., & Gould, G. (2008). Effectiveness of bibliotherapy self-help for depression with varying levels of telephone helpline support. Clin Psychol Psychother, 15(2), 61-74. doi:10.1002/cpp.562"
        },
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          "study": "Boeschoten, 2017",
          "ref": "Boeschoten, R. E., Dekker, J., Uitdehaag, B. M. J., Beekman, A. T. F., Hoogendoorn, A. W., Collette, E. H., . . . Van Oppen, P. (2017). Internet-based treatment for depression in multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial. Multiple Sclerosis, 23(8), 1112-1122."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2013",
          "ref": "Carlbring P, Hagglund M, Luthstrom A, Dahlin M, Kadowaki A, Vernmark K, et al. Internet-based behavioral activation and acceptance-based treatment for depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;148(2-3):331-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carpenter, 2008",
          "ref": "Carpenter KM, Smith JL, Aharonovich E, Nunes EV. Developing therapies for depression in drug dependence: Results of a stage 1 therapy study. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 2008;34(5):642-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carr, 2017",
          "ref": "Carr, A., Finnegan, L., Griffin, E., Cotter, P., & Hyland, A. (2017). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Say Yes to Life (SYTL) Positive Psychology Group Psychotherapy Program for Depression: An Interim Report. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 47(3), 153-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chan, 2012",
          "ref": "Chan AS, Wong QY, Sze SL, Kwong PP, Han YM, Cheung MC. A Chinese Chan-based mind-body intervention for patients with depression. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2012;142(1-3):283-9."
        },
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          "study": "Chiang, 2015",
          "ref": "Chiang KJ, Chen TH, Hsieh HT, Tsai JC, Ou KL, Chou KR. One-year follow-up of the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group therapy for patients' depression: A randomized, single-blinded, controlled study. Scientific World Journal. 2015;2015:Article ID 373149."
        },
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          "study": "Chowdhary, 2016",
          "ref": "Chowdhary N, Anand A, Dimidjian S, Shinde S, Weobong B, Balaji M, et al. The Healthy Activity Program lay counsellor delivered treatment for severe depression in India: Systematic development and randomised evaluation. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2016;208(4):381-8."
        },
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          "study": "Cohen, 2010",
          "ref": "Cohen S, O'Leary KD, Foran H. A randomized clinical trial of a brief, problem-focused couple therapy for depression. Behavior Therapy. 2010;41(4):433-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cooper, 2011",
          "ref": "Cooper CL, Hind D, Parry GD, Isaac CL, Dimairo M, O'Cathain A, et al. Computerised cognitive behavioural therapy for the treatment of depression in people with multiple sclerosis: External pilot trial. Trials. 2011;12(1):259."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cukor, 2014",
          "ref": "Cukor, D., Ver Halen, N., Asher, D. R., Coplan, J. D., Weedon, J., Wyka, K. E., . . . Kimmel, P. L. (2014). Psychosocial intervention improves depression, quality of life, and fluid adherence in hemodialysis. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 25(1), 196-206. doi:https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2012111134"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dao, 2011",
          "ref": "Dao TK, Youssef NA, Armsworth M, Wear E, Papathopoulos KN, Gopaldas R. Randomized controlled trial of brief cognitive behavioral intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms preoperatively in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery. 2011;142(3):e109-15."
        },
        {
          "study": "De Groot, 2019",
          "ref": "De Groot, M., Shubrook, J. H., Hornsby, W. G., Pillay, Y., Mather, K. J., Fitzpatrick, K., . . . Saha, C. (2019). Program ACTIVE II: Outcomes from a randomized, multistate community-based depression treatment for rural and urban adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care, 42(7), 1185-1193. doi:10.2337/dc18-2400"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dekker, 2012",
          "ref": "Dekker RL, Moser DK, Peden AR, Lennie TA. Cognitive therapy improves three-month outcomes in hospitalized patients with heart failure. Journal of cardiac failure. 2012;18(1):10-20."
        },
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          "study": "Desautels, 2018",
          "ref": "Desautels, C., Savard, J., Ivers, H., Savard, M. H., & Caplette-Gingras, A. (2018). Treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive therapy and bright light therapy [Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial]. Health Psychology, 37(1), 1‐13. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000539"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dunn, 2007",
          "ref": "Dunn NJ, Rehm LP, Schillaci J, Souchek J, Mehta P, Ashton CM, et al. A randomized trial of self-management and psychoeducational group therapies for comorbid chronic posttraumatic stress disorder and depressive disorder. Journal of traumatic stress. 2007;20(3):221-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ekers, 2011",
          "ref": "Ekers D, Richards D, McMillan D, Bland JM, Gilbody S. Behavioural activation delivered by the non-specialist: Phase II randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2011;198(1):66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "El-Monshed, 2024",
          "ref": "El-Monshed, A. H., Khonji, L. M., Altheeb, M., Saad, M. T. E., Elsheikh, M. A., Loutfy, A., . . . Zoromba, M. A. (2024). Does a program-based cognitive behavioral therapy affect insomnia and depression in menopausal women? A randomized controlled trial. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs, 21(2), 202-215. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12707"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eseadi, 2018",
          "ref": "Eseadi C, Obidoa MA, Ogbuabor SE, Ikechukwu-Ilomuanya AB. Effects of Group-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Coaching Program on Depressive Symptoms in a Sample of Inmates in a Nigerian Prison. International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology 2018; 62(6): 1589-602."
        },
        {
          "study": "Eseadi, 2022",
          "ref": "Eseadi, C., Ilechukwu, L. C., Victor-Aigbodion, V., Sewagegn, A. A., & Amedu, A. N. (2022). Intervention for depression among undergraduate religious education students: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore), 101(41), e31034. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000031034"
        },
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          "study": "Euteneuer, 2017",
          "ref": "Euteneuer, F., Dannehl, K., Del Rey, A., Engler, H., Schedlowski, M., & Rief, W. (2017). Immunological effects of behavioral activation with exercise in major depression: An exploratory randomized controlled trial. Translational Psychiatry, 7(5)."
        },
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          "study": "Fereydouni, 2022",
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        },
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          "study": "Fissler, 2016",
          "ref": "Fissler, M., Winnebeck, E., Schroeter, T. A., Gummbersbach, M., Huntenburg, J. M., Gärtner, M., & Barnhofer, T. (2017). Brief training in mindfulness may normalize a blunted error-related negativity in chronically depressed patients. Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, 17(6), 1164-1175. doi:10.3758/s13415-017-0540-x"
        },
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          "study": "Fonagy, 2015",
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        },
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          "study": "Fonagy, 2019",
          "ref": "Fonagy P, Lemma A, Target M, O'Keeffe S, Constantinou MP, Ventura Wurman T, et al. Dynamic interpersonal therapy for moderate to severe depression: a pilot randomized controlled and feasibility trial. Psychological medicine. 2019:1-10."
        },
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          "study": "Freedland, 2015",
          "ref": "Freedland KE, Carney RM, Rich MW, Steinmeyer BC, Rubin EH. Cognitive behavior therapy for depression and self-care in heart failure patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2015;175(11):1773-82."
        },
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          "study": "Furukawa, 2012",
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        },
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          "study": "Garcia, 2023",
          "ref": "Garcia, A., Yáñez, A. M., Bennasar-Veny, M., Navarro, C., Salva, J., Ibarra, O., . . . Garcia-Toro, M. (2023). Efficacy of an adjuvant non-face-to-face multimodal lifestyle modification program for patients with treatment-resistant major depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychiatry Res, 319, 114975. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114975"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gawrysiak, 2009",
          "ref": "Gawrysiak M, Nicholas C, Hopko DR. Behavioral activation for moderately depressed university students: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 2009;56(3):468-75."
        },
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          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
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          "study": "Greenberg, 2018",
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        },
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          "study": "Hashemi, 2022",
          "ref": "Hashemi, Z., Eyni, S., & Ebadi, M. (2022). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Depression and Anxiety in People with Substance Use Disorder. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 16(1). doi:10.5812/ijpbs.110135"
        },
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          "study": "Hoifodt, 2013",
          "ref": "Hoifodt RS, Lillevoll KR, Griffiths KM, et al. The clinical effectiveness of web-based cognitive behavioral therapy with face-to-face therapist support for depressed primary care patients: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research 2013; 15(8): e153."
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Hsiao, 2014",
          "ref": "Hsiao, F.-H., Lai, Y.-M., Chen, Y.-T., Yang, T.-T., Liao, S.-C., Ho, R. T., Ng, S.-M., Chan, C. L., & Jow, G.-M. (2014). Efficacy of psychotherapy on diurnal cortisol patterns and suicidal ideation in adjustment disorder with depressed mood. General hospital psychiatry, 36(2), 214-219. http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0163834313003113/1-s2.0-S0163834313003113-main.pdf?_tid=685fbc62-cf4e-11e5-b7e9-00000aab0f6c&acdnat=1455037317_a8c762fea010c7ac31f2152769dad94c"
        },
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          "study": "Hur, 2018",
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        },
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          "study": "Jalali, 2019",
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        },
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          "study": "Jesse, 2015",
          "ref": "Jesse DE, Gaynes BN, Feldhousen EB, Newton ER, Bunch S, Hollon SD. Performance of a culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention integrated in a public health setting to reduce risk of antepartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2015;60(5):578-92."
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013b",
          "ref": "Williams C, Wilson P, Morrison J, McMahon A, Andrew W, Allan L, et al. Guided self-help cognitive behavioural therapy for depression in primary care: A randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e52735."
        },
        {
          "study": "Winnebeck, 2017",
          "ref": "Winnebeck, E., Fissler, M., Gärtner, M., Chadwick, P., & Barnhofer, T. (2017). Brief training in mindfulness meditation reduces symptoms in patients with a chronic or recurrent lifetime history of depression: A randomized controlled study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 99, 124-130. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.10.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yang, 2018",
          "ref": "Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zu S, Zhao J. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: a six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. Journal of affective disorders 2018; 226: 251‐60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
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        {
          "study": "Au, 2022",
          "ref": "Au, A., Nan, H., Sum, R., Ng, F., Kwong, A., & Wong, S. (2022). Cognitive behavioural therapy for adherence and sub-clinical depression in type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial (abridged secondary publication). Hong Kong Med J, 28 Suppl 3(3), 21-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basirat, 2022",
          "ref": "Basirat, Z., Kheirkhah, F., Faramarzi, M., Esmaelzadeh, S., Khafri, S., & Tajali, Z. (2022). Pharmacotherapy or Psychotherapy? Selective Treatment Depression in The Infertile Women with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Triple-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Fertility and Sterility, 16(3), 211-219. doi:10.22074/ijfs.2021.529258.1124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carr, 2017",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Chiang, 2015",
          "ref": "Chiang KJ, Chen TH, Hsieh HT, Tsai JC, Ou KL, Chou KR. One-year follow-up of the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group therapy for patients' depression: A randomized, single-blinded, controlled study. Scientific World Journal. 2015;2015:Article ID 373149."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chowdhary, 2016",
          "ref": "Chowdhary N, Anand A, Dimidjian S, Shinde S, Weobong B, Balaji M, et al. The Healthy Activity Program lay counsellor delivered treatment for severe depression in India: Systematic development and randomised evaluation. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2016;208(4):381-8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cooper, 2011",
          "ref": "Cooper CL, Hind D, Parry GD, Isaac CL, Dimairo M, O'Cathain A, et al. Computerised cognitive behavioural therapy for the treatment of depression in people with multiple sclerosis: External pilot trial. Trials. 2011;12(1):259."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dao, 2011",
          "ref": "Dao TK, Youssef NA, Armsworth M, Wear E, Papathopoulos KN, Gopaldas R. Randomized controlled trial of brief cognitive behavioral intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms preoperatively in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery. 2011;142(3):e109-15."
        },
        {
          "study": "De Groot, 2019",
          "ref": "De Groot, M., Shubrook, J. H., Hornsby, W. G., Pillay, Y., Mather, K. J., Fitzpatrick, K., . . . Saha, C. (2019). Program ACTIVE II: Outcomes from a randomized, multistate community-based depression treatment for rural and urban adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care, 42(7), 1185-1193. doi:10.2337/dc18-2400"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dekker, 2012",
          "ref": "Dekker RL, Moser DK, Peden AR, Lennie TA. Cognitive therapy improves three-month outcomes in hospitalized patients with heart failure. Journal of cardiac failure. 2012;18(1):10-20."
        },
        {
          "study": "El-Monshed, 2024",
          "ref": "El-Monshed, A. H., Khonji, L. M., Altheeb, M., Saad, M. T. E., Elsheikh, M. A., Loutfy, A., . . . Zoromba, M. A. (2024). Does a program-based cognitive behavioral therapy affect insomnia and depression in menopausal women? A randomized controlled trial. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs, 21(2), 202-215. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12707"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eseadi, 2018",
          "ref": "Eseadi C, Obidoa MA, Ogbuabor SE, Ikechukwu-Ilomuanya AB. Effects of Group-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Coaching Program on Depressive Symptoms in a Sample of Inmates in a Nigerian Prison. International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology 2018; 62(6): 1589-602."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonagy, 2015",
          "ref": "Fonagy P, Rost F, Carlyle JA, McPherson S, Thomas R, Pasco Fearon RM, et al. Pragmatic randomized controlled trial of long-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy for treatment-resistant depression: The Tavistock Adult Depression Study (TADS). World Psychiatry. 2015;14(3):312-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freedland, 2015",
          "ref": "Freedland KE, Carney RM, Rich MW, Steinmeyer BC, Rubin EH. Cognitive behavior therapy for depression and self-care in heart failure patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2015;175(11):1773-82."
        },
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          "study": "Gawrysiak, 2009",
          "ref": "Gawrysiak M, Nicholas C, Hopko DR. Behavioral activation for moderately depressed university students: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 2009;56(3):468-75."
        },
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          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Hashemi, 2022",
          "ref": "Hashemi, Z., Eyni, S., & Ebadi, M. (2022). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Depression and Anxiety in People with Substance Use Disorder. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 16(1). doi:10.5812/ijpbs.110135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hsiao, 2014",
          "ref": "Hsiao, F.-H., Lai, Y.-M., Chen, Y.-T., Yang, T.-T., Liao, S.-C., Ho, R. T., Ng, S.-M., Chan, C. L., & Jow, G.-M. (2014). Efficacy of psychotherapy on diurnal cortisol patterns and suicidal ideation in adjustment disorder with depressed mood. General hospital psychiatry, 36(2), 214-219. http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0163834313003113/1-s2.0-S0163834313003113-main.pdf?_tid=685fbc62-cf4e-11e5-b7e9-00000aab0f6c&acdnat=1455037317_a8c762fea010c7ac31f2152769dad94c"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jesse, 2015",
          "ref": "Jesse DE, Gaynes BN, Feldhousen EB, Newton ER, Bunch S, Hollon SD. Performance of a culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention integrated in a public health setting to reduce risk of antepartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2015;60(5):578-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kanter, 2015",
          "ref": "Kanter JW, Santiago-Rivera AL, Santos MM, Nagy G, López M, Hurtado GD, et al. A randomized hybrid efficacy and effectiveness trial of behavioral activation for latinos with depression. Behavior Therapy. 2015;46(2):177-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Laidlaw, 2008",
          "ref": "Laidlaw K, Davidson K, Toner H, Jackson G, Clark S, Law J, et al. A randomised controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy vs treatment as usual in the treatment of mild to moderate late life depression. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2008;23(8):843-50."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lexis, 2011",
          "ref": "Lexis MA, Jansen NW, Huibers MJ, Amelsvoort LG, Berkouwer A, Tjin ATG, et al. Prevention of long-term sickness absence and major depression in high-risk employees: A randomised controlled trial. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2011;68(6):400-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lobner, 2018",
          "ref": "Lobner M, Pabst A, Stein J, et al. Computerized cognitive behavior therapy for patients with mild to moderately severe depression in primary care: A pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial (@ktiv). J Affect Disord 2018-238: 317-26."
        },
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          "study": "Lovell, 2008",
          "ref": "Lovell K, Bower P, Richards D, Barkham Mi, Sibbald B, Roberts C, et al. Developing guided self-help for depression using the medical research council complex interventions framework: A description of the modelling phase and results of an exploratory randomised controlled trial. BMC psychiatry. 2008;8."
        },
        {
          "study": "MacPherson, 2013",
          "ref": "MacPherson H, Richmond S, Bland M, Brealey S, Gabe R, Hopton A, et al. Acupuncture and counselling for depression in primary care: A randomised controlled trial. PLoS medicine. 2013;10(9):e1001518."
        },
        {
          "study": "Majidzadeh, 2023",
          "ref": "Majidzadeh S, Mirghafourvand M, Farvareshi M, Yavarikia P. The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on depression and anxiety of women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2023;23(1):332."
        },
        {
          "study": "McKee, 2006",
          "ref": "McKee MD, Zayas LH, Fletcher J, Boyd RC, Nam SH. Results of an intervention to reduce perinatal depression among low-income minority women in community primary care. Journal of Social Service Research. 2006;32(4):63-81."
        },
        {
          "study": "Milgrom, 2011",
          "ref": "Milgrom J, Holt CJ, Gemmill AW, Ericksen J, Leigh B, Buist A, et al. Treating postnatal depressive symptoms in primary care: A randomised controlled trial of GP management, with and without adjunctive counselling. BMC psychiatry. 2011;11:95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Milgrom, 2015b",
          "ref": "Milgrom J, Holt C, Holt CJ, Ross J, Ericksen J, Gemmill AW. Feasibility study and pilot randomised trial of an antenatal depression treatment with infant follow-up. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2015;18(5):717-30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Milgrom, 2016",
          "ref": "Milgrom J, Danaher BG, Gemmill AW, Holt C, Holt CJ, Seeley JR, et al. Internet cognitive behavioral therapy for women with postnatal depression: A randomized controlled trial of MumMoodBooster. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2016;18(3):e54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Milgrom, 2021",
          "ref": "Milgrom, J., Danaher, B. G., Seeley, J. R., Holt, C. J., Holt, C., Ericksen, J., Tyler, M. S., Gau, J. M., & Gemmill, A. W. (2021). Internet and Face-to-face Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Postnatal Depression Compared With Treatment as Usual: Randomized Controlled Trial of MumMoodBooster. J Med Internet Res, 23(12), e17185. https://doi.org/10.2196/17185"
        },
        {
          "study": "Moldovan, 2013",
          "ref": "Moldovan R, Cobeanu O, David D. Cognitive bibliotherapy for mild depressive symptomatology: Randomized clinical trial of efficacy and mechanisms of change. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2013;20(6):482-93."
        },
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          "study": "Montero-Marin, 2016",
          "ref": "Montero-Marín, J., Araya, R., Pérez-Yus, M. C., Mayoral, F., Gili, M., Botella, C., . . . López-Del-Hoyo, Y. (2016). An internet-based intervention for depression in primary Care in Spain: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(8), e231. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mulcahy, 2010",
          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
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          "study": "Musa, 2021",
          "ref": "Musa, Z. A., Soh, K. L., Mukhtar, F., Soh, K. Y., Oladele, T. O., & Soh, K. G. (2021). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy among depressed individuals with disabilities in Nigeria: A randomized controlled trial. Psychiatry Res, 296, 113680. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113680"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nadort, 2022",
          "ref": "Nadort, E., Schouten, R. W., Boeschoten, R. E., Smets, Y., Chandie Shaw, P., Vleming, L. J., . . . Siegert, C. E. H. (2022). Internet-based treatment for depressive symptoms in hemodialysis patients: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 75, 46-53. doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2022.01.008"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakagawa, 2017",
          "ref": "Nakagawa, A., Mitsuda, D., Sado, M., Abe, T., Fujisawa, D., Kikuchi, T., . . . Ono, Y. (2017). Effectiveness of supplementary cognitive-behavioral therapy for pharmacotherapy-resistant depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of clinical psychiatry, 78(8), 1126-1135"
        },
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          "study": "Newby, 2014",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Lang T, Werner-Seidler A, Holmes E, Moulds ML. Alleviating distressing intrusive memories in depression: A comparison between computerised cognitive bias modification and cognitive behavioural education. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2014;56:60-7."
        },
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          "study": "O'Mahen, 2013a",
          "ref": "O'Mahen H, Himle JA, Fedock G, Henshaw E, Flynn H. A pilot randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for perinatal depression adapted for women with low incomes. Depression and anxiety. 2013;30(7):679-87."
        },
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          "study": "Onuigbo, 2019",
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        },
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          "study": "Otu, 2023",
          "ref": "Otu MS, Ebizie EN, Otu FM, Eseadi C. Efficacy of a counselling video blog intervention from YouTube on depression reduction among primary school teachers. Psychological Studies. 2023;68(3):335-41."
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Psarraki, 2021",
          "ref": "Psarraki, E. E., Bacopoulou, F., Panagoulias, E., Michou, M., Pelekasis, P., Artemiadis, A., . . . Darviri, C. (2021). The effects of Pythagorean Self-Awareness Intervention on patients with major depressive disorder: A pilot randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res, 138, 326-334. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.067"
        },
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          "study": "Ransom, 2008",
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        },
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          "study": "Raya-Tena, 2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Richards, 2018",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Russell, 2020",
          "ref": "Russell, A., Gaunt, D. M., Cooper, K., Barton, S., Horwood, J., Kessler, D., . . . et al. (2019). The feasibility of low-intensity psychological therapy for depression co-occurring with autism in adults: the Autism Depression Trial (ADEPT) – a pilot randomised controlled trial. Autism. doi:10.1177/1362361319889272"
        },
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          "ref": "Serfaty MA, Haworth D, Blanchard M, Buszewicz M, Murad S, King M. Clinical effectiveness of individual cognitive behavioral therapy for depressed older people in primary care: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2009;66(12):1332-40."
        },
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          "study": "Serfaty, 2020",
          "ref": "Serfaty, M., King, M., Nazareth, I., Moorey, S., Aspden, T., Tookman, A., . . . Jones, L. (2019). Manualised cognitive and behavioural therapy in treating depression in advanced cancer: the CanTalk RCT. Health Technology Assessment, 23(19), 1‐106. doi:10.3310/hta23190"
        },
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          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
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        },
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          "study": "Steel, 2020",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Strauss, 2012",
          "ref": "Strauss C, Hayward M, Chadwick P. Group person-based cognitive therapy for chronic depression: A pilot randomized controlled trial. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2012;51(3):345-50."
        },
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          "study": "Takagaki, 2016",
          "ref": "Takagaki K, Okamoto Y, Jinnin R, Mori A, Nishiyama Y, Yamamura T, et al. Behavioral activation for late adolescents with subthreshold depression: A randomized controlled trial. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2016;25(11):1171-82."
        },
        {
          "study": "Talbot, 2011",
          "ref": "Talbot NL, Chaudron LH, Ward EA, Duberstein PR, Conwell Y, O'Hara MW, et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed women with sexual abuse histories. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(4):374-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013b",
          "ref": "Williams C, Wilson P, Morrison J, McMahon A, Andrew W, Allan L, et al. Guided self-help cognitive behavioural therapy for depression in primary care: A randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e52735."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yang, 2018",
          "ref": "Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zu S, Zhao J. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: a six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. Journal of affective disorders 2018; 226: 251‐60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Amano, 2023",
          "ref": "Amano, M., Katayama, N., Umeda, S., Terasawa, Y., Tabuchi, H., Kikuchi, T., . . . Nakagawa, A. (2023). The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on future thinking in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.997154"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Au, 2022",
          "ref": "Au, A., Nan, H., Sum, R., Ng, F., Kwong, A., & Wong, S. (2022). Cognitive behavioural therapy for adherence and sub-clinical depression in type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial (abridged secondary publication). Hong Kong Med J, 28 Suppl 3(3), 21-23."
        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Newby, 2014",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Ransom, 2008",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Richards, 2015",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
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        },
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          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
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        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 181,
      "instr": "BDI-II",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Control condition",
      "sgv": "Other",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 23,
      "k_es": 26,
      "sd": 9.483,
      "lo": 8.334,
      "hi": 10.79,
      "tau2": 0.0922,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 5.158,
      "phi": 17.434,
      "i2": 95.3,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2012",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., & Hevey, D. (2013). A comparison of two online cognitive-behavioural interventions for symptoms of depression in a student population: The role of therapist responsiveness. Counselling & Psychotherapy Research, 13(3), 184-193. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2013-30909-004&site=ehost-live ORCID: 0000-0003-2844-0449 ORCID: 0000-0003-2785-0753 ORCID: 0000-0003-0871-4078 derek.richards@tcd.ie"
        },
        {
          "study": "Serfaty, 2009",
          "ref": "Serfaty MA, Haworth D, Blanchard M, Buszewicz M, Murad S, King M. Clinical effectiveness of individual cognitive behavioral therapy for depressed older people in primary care: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2009;66(12):1332-40."
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner, 2013",
          "ref": "Turner A, Hambridge J, Baker A, Bowman J, McElduff P. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behaviour therapy versus brief intervention for depression in cardiac patients. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2013;47(3):235-43."
        },
        {
          "study": "Victor-Aigbodion, 2023",
          "ref": "Victor-Aigbodion, V., Eseadi, C., Ardi, Z., Sewagegn, A. A., Ololo, K., Abonor, L. B., . . . Effanga, O. A. (2023). Effectiveness of rational emotive behavior therapy in reducing depression among undergraduate medical students. Medicine (Baltimore), 102(4), e32724. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000032724"
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Winnebeck, 2017",
          "ref": "Winnebeck, E., Fissler, M., Gärtner, M., Chadwick, P., & Barnhofer, T. (2017). Brief training in mindfulness meditation reduces symptoms in patients with a chronic or recurrent lifetime history of depression: A randomized controlled study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 99, 124-130. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.10.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        }
      ]
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    {
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      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
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      "sg": "Control condition",
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      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
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      "tau2w": 0.0045,
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 183,
      "instr": "BDI-II",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Control condition",
      "sgv": "Waitlist",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 62,
      "k_es": 80,
      "sd": 9.167,
      "lo": 8.347,
      "hi": 10.068,
      "tau2": 0.1317,
      "tau2w": null,
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      "i2": 95.2,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
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        },
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          "study": "Bedard, 2014",
          "ref": "Bedard M, Felteau M, Marshall S, Cullen N, Gibbons C, Dubois S, et al. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy reduces symptoms of depression in people with a traumatic brain injury: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. 2014;29(4):E13-E22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2011",
          "ref": "Berger T, Hämmerli K, Gubser N, Andersson G, Caspar F. Internet-based treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial comparing guided with unguided self-help. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. 2011;40(4):251-66."
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bilich, 2008",
          "ref": "Bilich, L. L., Deane, F. P., Phipps, A. B., Barisic, M., & Gould, G. (2008). Effectiveness of bibliotherapy self-help for depression with varying levels of telephone helpline support. Clin Psychol Psychother, 15(2), 61-74. doi:10.1002/cpp.562"
        },
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          "study": "Boeschoten, 2017",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Khoshbooii, 2021",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "McIndoo, 2016",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Rogiers, 2022",
          "ref": "Rogiers, R., Baeken, C., Van den Abbeele, D., Watkins, E. R., Remue, J., Colman, R., . . . Lemmens, G. M. D. (2022). Group intervention ‘Drop It!’ decreases repetitive negative thinking in major depressive disorder and/or generalized anxiety disorder: A randomised controlled study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 46(1), 182-196. doi:10.1007/s10608-021-10240-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rohan, 2007",
          "ref": "Rohan KJ, Roecklein KA, Lindsey KT, Johnson LG, Lippy RD, Lacy TJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, and their combination for seasonal affective disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2007;75(3):489-500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sandoval, 2017",
          "ref": "Sandoval, L., Buckey, J., Ainslie, R., Tombari, M., Stone, W., & Hegel, M. (2017). Randomized Controlled Trial of a Computerized Interactive Media-Based Problem Solving Treatment for Depression. Behavior Therapy, 48(3), 413-425."
        },
        {
          "study": "Savari, 2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Schmidt, 2012",
          "ref": "Schmidt, N. B., Buckner, J. D., Pusser, A., Woolaway-Bickel, K., Preston, J. L., & Norr, A. (2012). Randomized controlled trial of false safety behavior elimination therapy: a unified cognitive behavioral treatment for anxiety psychopathology. Behav Ther, 43(3), 518-532. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2012.02.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Spek, 2007",
          "ref": "Spek V, Nyklicek I, Smits N, Cuijpers P, Riper H, Keyzer J, et al. Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for subthreshold depression in people over 50 years old: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Psychological Medicine. 2007;37(12):1797-806."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tovote, 2014",
          "ref": "Tovote KA, Fleer J, Snippe E, Peeters A, Emmelkamp PMG, Sanderman R, et al. Individual mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for treating depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2014;37(9):2427-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        }
      ]
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      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Control condition",
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      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 143,
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      "tau2": 0.136,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Amano, 2023",
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        },
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        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        }
      ]
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          "study": "Amano, 2023",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Hur, 2018",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Nakao, 2018",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Takagaki, 2016",
          "ref": "Takagaki K, Okamoto Y, Jinnin R, Mori A, Nishiyama Y, Yamamura T, et al. Behavioral activation for late adolescents with subthreshold depression: A randomized controlled trial. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2016;25(11):1171-82."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yang, 2018",
          "ref": "Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zu S, Zhao J. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: a six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. Journal of affective disorders 2018; 226: 251‐60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        }
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    },
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Amano, 2023",
          "ref": "Amano, M., Katayama, N., Umeda, S., Terasawa, Y., Tabuchi, H., Kikuchi, T., . . . Nakagawa, A. (2023). The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on future thinking in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.997154"
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Piers, 2023",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Raji, 2022",
          "ref": "Raji Lahiji, M., Sajadian, A., Haghighat, S., Zarrati, M., Dareini, H., Raji Lahiji, M., & Razmpoosh, E. (2022). Effectiveness of logotherapy and nutrition counseling on psychological status, quality of life, and dietary intake among breast cancer survivors with depressive disorder: a randomized clinical trial. Supportive Care in Cancer. doi:10.1007/s00520-022-07237-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ransom, 2008",
          "ref": "Ransom D, Heckman TG, Anderson T, Garske J, Holroyd K, Basta T. Telephone-delivered, interpersonal psychotherapy for HIV-infected rural persons with depression: A pilot trial. Psychiatric Services. 2008;59(8):871-7."
        },
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          "study": "Raya-Tena, 2021",
          "ref": "Raya-Tena, A., Fernández-San-Martin, M. I., Martin-Royo, J., Casañas, R., Sauch-Valmaña, G., Cols-Sagarra, C., . . . Jiménez-Herrera, M. F. (2021). Effectiveness of a Psychoeducational Group Intervention Carried Out by Nurses for Patients with Depression and Physical Comorbidity in Primary Care: Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(6). doi:10.3390/ijerph18062948"
        },
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          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
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          "study": "Richards, 2012",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., & Hevey, D. (2013). A comparison of two online cognitive-behavioural interventions for symptoms of depression in a student population: The role of therapist responsiveness. Counselling & Psychotherapy Research, 13(3), 184-193. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2013-30909-004&site=ehost-live ORCID: 0000-0003-2844-0449 ORCID: 0000-0003-2785-0753 ORCID: 0000-0003-0871-4078 derek.richards@tcd.ie"
        },
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          "study": "Richards, 2015",
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        },
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          "study": "Richards, 2018",
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          "study": "Rief, 2018",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Williams, 2013",
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        },
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          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
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        },
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          "study": "Williams, 2013b",
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        },
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          "study": "Winnebeck, 2017",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yang, 2018",
          "ref": "Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zu S, Zhao J. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: a six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. Journal of affective disorders 2018; 226: 251‐60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 187,
      "instr": "BDI-II",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "Europe",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 62,
      "k_es": 77,
      "sd": 9.878,
      "lo": 9.169,
      "hi": 10.641,
      "tau2": 0.0827,
      "tau2w": null,
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      "phi": 17.441,
      "i2": 95.8,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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        },
        {
          "study": "Lobner, 2018",
          "ref": "Lobner M, Pabst A, Stein J, et al. Computerized cognitive behavior therapy for patients with mild to moderately severe depression in primary care: A pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial (@ktiv). J Affect Disord 2018-238: 317-26."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lovell, 2008",
          "ref": "Lovell K, Bower P, Richards D, Barkham Mi, Sibbald B, Roberts C, et al. Developing guided self-help for depression using the medical research council complex interventions framework: A description of the modelling phase and results of an exploratory randomised controlled trial. BMC psychiatry. 2008;8."
        },
        {
          "study": "MacPherson, 2013",
          "ref": "MacPherson H, Richmond S, Bland M, Brealey S, Gabe R, Hopton A, et al. Acupuncture and counselling for depression in primary care: A randomised controlled trial. PLoS medicine. 2013;10(9):e1001518."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Moldovan, 2013",
          "ref": "Moldovan R, Cobeanu O, David D. Cognitive bibliotherapy for mild depressive symptomatology: Randomized clinical trial of efficacy and mechanisms of change. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2013;20(6):482-93."
        },
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          "study": "Montero-Marin, 2016",
          "ref": "Montero-Marín, J., Araya, R., Pérez-Yus, M. C., Mayoral, F., Gili, M., Botella, C., . . . López-Del-Hoyo, Y. (2016). An internet-based intervention for depression in primary Care in Spain: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(8), e231. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Nadort, 2022",
          "ref": "Nadort, E., Schouten, R. W., Boeschoten, R. E., Smets, Y., Chandie Shaw, P., Vleming, L. J., . . . Siegert, C. E. H. (2022). Internet-based treatment for depressive symptoms in hemodialysis patients: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 75, 46-53. doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2022.01.008"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2013",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
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          "study": "Niedermoser, 2020",
          "ref": "Niedermoser DW, Kalak N, Kiyhankhadiv A, et al. Workplace-Related Interpersonal Group Psychotherapy to Improve Life at Work in Individuals With Major Depressive Disorders: a Randomized Interventional Pilot Study. Frontiers in psychiatry. 2020;11."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nissen, 2020",
          "ref": "Nissen ER, O'Connor M, Kaldo V, Højris I, Borre M, Zachariae R, et al. Internet-delivered mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for anxiety and depression in cancer survivors: A randomized controlled trial. Psycho-oncology. 2020;29(1):68-75."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Mahen, 2013a",
          "ref": "O'Mahen H, Himle JA, Fedock G, Henshaw E, Flynn H. A pilot randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for perinatal depression adapted for women with low incomes. Depression and anxiety. 2013;30(7):679-87."
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Preschl, 2012",
          "ref": "Preschl B, Maercker A, Wagner B, Forstmeier S, Banos RM, Alcaniz M, et al. Life-review therapy with computer supplements for depression in the elderly: A randomized controlled trial. Aging and Mental Health. 2012;16(8):964-74."
        },
        {
          "study": "Psarraki, 2021",
          "ref": "Psarraki, E. E., Bacopoulou, F., Panagoulias, E., Michou, M., Pelekasis, P., Artemiadis, A., . . . Darviri, C. (2021). The effects of Pythagorean Self-Awareness Intervention on patients with major depressive disorder: A pilot randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res, 138, 326-334. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.067"
        },
        {
          "study": "Raya-Tena, 2021",
          "ref": "Raya-Tena, A., Fernández-San-Martin, M. I., Martin-Royo, J., Casañas, R., Sauch-Valmaña, G., Cols-Sagarra, C., . . . Jiménez-Herrera, M. F. (2021). Effectiveness of a Psychoeducational Group Intervention Carried Out by Nurses for Patients with Depression and Physical Comorbidity in Primary Care: Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(6). doi:10.3390/ijerph18062948"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2012",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., & Hevey, D. (2013). A comparison of two online cognitive-behavioural interventions for symptoms of depression in a student population: The role of therapist responsiveness. Counselling & Psychotherapy Research, 13(3), 184-193. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2013-30909-004&site=ehost-live ORCID: 0000-0003-2844-0449 ORCID: 0000-0003-2785-0753 ORCID: 0000-0003-0871-4078 derek.richards@tcd.ie"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2015",
          "ref": "Richards D, Timulak L, O'Brien E, Hayes C, Vigano N, Sharry J, et al. A randomized controlled trial of an internet-delivered treatment: Its potential as a low-intensity community intervention for adults with symptoms of depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2015;75:20-31."
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2018",
          "ref": "Richards SH, Dickens C, Anderson R, et al. Assessing the effectiveness of Enhanced Psychological Care for patients with depressive symptoms attending cardiac rehabilitation compared with treatment as usual (CADENCE): a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial. Trials 2018; 19(1)."
        },
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          "study": "Rief, 2018",
          "ref": "Rief W, Bleichhardt G, Dannehl K, Euteneuer F, Wambach K. Comparing the Efficacy of CBASP with Two Versions of CBT for Depression in a Routine Care Center: a Randomized Clinical Trial. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics 2018;"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rogiers, 2022",
          "ref": "Rogiers, R., Baeken, C., Van den Abbeele, D., Watkins, E. R., Remue, J., Colman, R., . . . Lemmens, G. M. D. (2022). Group intervention ‘Drop It!’ decreases repetitive negative thinking in major depressive disorder and/or generalized anxiety disorder: A randomised controlled study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 46(1), 182-196. doi:10.1007/s10608-021-10240-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell, 2020",
          "ref": "Russell, A., Gaunt, D. M., Cooper, K., Barton, S., Horwood, J., Kessler, D., . . . et al. (2019). The feasibility of low-intensity psychological therapy for depression co-occurring with autism in adults: the Autism Depression Trial (ADEPT) – a pilot randomised controlled trial. Autism. doi:10.1177/1362361319889272"
        },
        {
          "study": "Serfaty, 2009",
          "ref": "Serfaty MA, Haworth D, Blanchard M, Buszewicz M, Murad S, King M. Clinical effectiveness of individual cognitive behavioral therapy for depressed older people in primary care: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2009;66(12):1332-40."
        },
        {
          "study": "Serfaty, 2020",
          "ref": "Serfaty, M., King, M., Nazareth, I., Moorey, S., Aspden, T., Tookman, A., . . . Jones, L. (2019). Manualised cognitive and behavioural therapy in treating depression in advanced cancer: the CanTalk RCT. Health Technology Assessment, 23(19), 1‐106. doi:10.3310/hta23190"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Spek, 2007",
          "ref": "Spek V, Nyklicek I, Smits N, Cuijpers P, Riper H, Keyzer J, et al. Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for subthreshold depression in people over 50 years old: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Psychological Medicine. 2007;37(12):1797-806."
        },
        {
          "study": "Steel, 2020",
          "ref": "Steel, C., Korrelboom, K., Baksh, M. F., Kingdon, D., Simon, J., Wykes, T., ... & van der Gaag, M. (2020). Positive memory training for the treatment of depression in schizophrenia: A randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 135, 103734."
        },
        {
          "study": "Strauss, 2012",
          "ref": "Strauss C, Hayward M, Chadwick P. Group person-based cognitive therapy for chronic depression: A pilot randomized controlled trial. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2012;51(3):345-50."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tovote, 2014",
          "ref": "Tovote KA, Fleer J, Snippe E, Peeters A, Emmelkamp PMG, Sanderman R, et al. Individual mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for treating depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2014;37(9):2427-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013b",
          "ref": "Williams C, Wilson P, Morrison J, McMahon A, Andrew W, Allan L, et al. Guided self-help cognitive behavioural therapy for depression in primary care: A randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e52735."
        },
        {
          "study": "Winnebeck, 2017",
          "ref": "Winnebeck, E., Fissler, M., Gärtner, M., Chadwick, P., & Barnhofer, T. (2017). Brief training in mindfulness meditation reduces symptoms in patients with a chronic or recurrent lifetime history of depression: A randomized controlled study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 99, 124-130. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.10.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 188,
      "instr": "BDI-II",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "Europe",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 143,
      "k_es": 172,
      "sd": 9.4,
      "lo": 8.819,
      "hi": 10.019,
      "tau2": 0.136,
      "tau2w": 0.0045,
      "plo": 4.496,
      "phi": 19.652,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
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        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Cukor, 2014",
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        },
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          "study": "Dao, 2011",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Eseadi, 2018",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Eseadi, 2022",
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        },
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          "study": "Fissler, 2016",
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        },
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        },
        {
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          "ref": "Gawrysiak M, Nicholas C, Hopko DR. Behavioral activation for moderately depressed university students: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 2009;56(3):468-75."
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Spek, 2007",
          "ref": "Spek V, Nyklicek I, Smits N, Cuijpers P, Riper H, Keyzer J, et al. Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for subthreshold depression in people over 50 years old: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Psychological Medicine. 2007;37(12):1797-806."
        },
        {
          "study": "Steel, 2020",
          "ref": "Steel, C., Korrelboom, K., Baksh, M. F., Kingdon, D., Simon, J., Wykes, T., ... & van der Gaag, M. (2020). Positive memory training for the treatment of depression in schizophrenia: A randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 135, 103734."
        },
        {
          "study": "Strauss, 2012",
          "ref": "Strauss C, Hayward M, Chadwick P. Group person-based cognitive therapy for chronic depression: A pilot randomized controlled trial. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2012;51(3):345-50."
        },
        {
          "study": "Takagaki, 2016",
          "ref": "Takagaki K, Okamoto Y, Jinnin R, Mori A, Nishiyama Y, Yamamura T, et al. Behavioral activation for late adolescents with subthreshold depression: A randomized controlled trial. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2016;25(11):1171-82."
        },
        {
          "study": "Talbot, 2011",
          "ref": "Talbot NL, Chaudron LH, Ward EA, Duberstein PR, Conwell Y, O'Hara MW, et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed women with sexual abuse histories. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(4):374-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tovote, 2014",
          "ref": "Tovote KA, Fleer J, Snippe E, Peeters A, Emmelkamp PMG, Sanderman R, et al. Individual mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for treating depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2014;37(9):2427-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner, 2013",
          "ref": "Turner A, Hambridge J, Baker A, Bowman J, McElduff P. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behaviour therapy versus brief intervention for depression in cardiac patients. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2013;47(3):235-43."
        },
        {
          "study": "Victor-Aigbodion, 2023",
          "ref": "Victor-Aigbodion, V., Eseadi, C., Ardi, Z., Sewagegn, A. A., Ololo, K., Abonor, L. B., . . . Effanga, O. A. (2023). Effectiveness of rational emotive behavior therapy in reducing depression among undergraduate medical students. Medicine (Baltimore), 102(4), e32724. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000032724"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013b",
          "ref": "Williams C, Wilson P, Morrison J, McMahon A, Andrew W, Allan L, et al. Guided self-help cognitive behavioural therapy for depression in primary care: A randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e52735."
        },
        {
          "study": "Winnebeck, 2017",
          "ref": "Winnebeck, E., Fissler, M., Gärtner, M., Chadwick, P., & Barnhofer, T. (2017). Brief training in mindfulness meditation reduces symptoms in patients with a chronic or recurrent lifetime history of depression: A randomized controlled study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 99, 124-130. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.10.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yang, 2018",
          "ref": "Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zu S, Zhao J. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: a six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. Journal of affective disorders 2018; 226: 251‐60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bedard, 2014",
          "ref": "Bedard M, Felteau M, Marshall S, Cullen N, Gibbons C, Dubois S, et al. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy reduces symptoms of depression in people with a traumatic brain injury: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. 2014;29(4):E13-E22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carpenter, 2008",
          "ref": "Carpenter KM, Smith JL, Aharonovich E, Nunes EV. Developing therapies for depression in drug dependence: Results of a stage 1 therapy study. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 2008;34(5):642-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cohen, 2010",
          "ref": "Cohen S, O'Leary KD, Foran H. A randomized clinical trial of a brief, problem-focused couple therapy for depression. Behavior Therapy. 2010;41(4):433-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cukor, 2014",
          "ref": "Cukor, D., Ver Halen, N., Asher, D. R., Coplan, J. D., Weedon, J., Wyka, K. E., . . . Kimmel, P. L. (2014). Psychosocial intervention improves depression, quality of life, and fluid adherence in hemodialysis. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 25(1), 196-206. doi:https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2012111134"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dao, 2011",
          "ref": "Dao TK, Youssef NA, Armsworth M, Wear E, Papathopoulos KN, Gopaldas R. Randomized controlled trial of brief cognitive behavioral intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms preoperatively in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery. 2011;142(3):e109-15."
        },
        {
          "study": "De Groot, 2019",
          "ref": "De Groot, M., Shubrook, J. H., Hornsby, W. G., Pillay, Y., Mather, K. J., Fitzpatrick, K., . . . Saha, C. (2019). Program ACTIVE II: Outcomes from a randomized, multistate community-based depression treatment for rural and urban adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care, 42(7), 1185-1193. doi:10.2337/dc18-2400"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dekker, 2012",
          "ref": "Dekker RL, Moser DK, Peden AR, Lennie TA. Cognitive therapy improves three-month outcomes in hospitalized patients with heart failure. Journal of cardiac failure. 2012;18(1):10-20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Desautels, 2018",
          "ref": "Desautels, C., Savard, J., Ivers, H., Savard, M. H., & Caplette-Gingras, A. (2018). Treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive therapy and bright light therapy [Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial]. Health Psychology, 37(1), 1‐13. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000539"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dunn, 2007",
          "ref": "Dunn NJ, Rehm LP, Schillaci J, Souchek J, Mehta P, Ashton CM, et al. A randomized trial of self-management and psychoeducational group therapies for comorbid chronic posttraumatic stress disorder and depressive disorder. Journal of traumatic stress. 2007;20(3):221-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freedland, 2015",
          "ref": "Freedland KE, Carney RM, Rich MW, Steinmeyer BC, Rubin EH. Cognitive behavior therapy for depression and self-care in heart failure patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2015;175(11):1773-82."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gawrysiak, 2009",
          "ref": "Gawrysiak M, Nicholas C, Hopko DR. Behavioral activation for moderately depressed university students: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 2009;56(3):468-75."
        },
        {
          "study": "Greenberg, 2018",
          "ref": "Greenberg J, Datta T, Shapero BG, Sevinc G, Mischoulon D, Lazar SW. Compassionate hearts protect against wandering minds: Self-compassion moderates the effect of mind-wandering on depression. Spirituality in Clinical Practice 2018; 5(3): 155-69."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jesse, 2015",
          "ref": "Jesse DE, Gaynes BN, Feldhousen EB, Newton ER, Bunch S, Hollon SD. Performance of a culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention integrated in a public health setting to reduce risk of antepartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2015;60(5):578-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kanter, 2015",
          "ref": "Kanter JW, Santiago-Rivera AL, Santos MM, Nagy G, López M, Hurtado GD, et al. A randomized hybrid efficacy and effectiveness trial of behavioral activation for latinos with depression. Behavior Therapy. 2015;46(2):177-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "McIndoo, 2016",
          "ref": "McIndoo CC, File AA, Preddy T, Clark CG, Hopko DR. Mindfulness-based therapy and behavioral activation: A randomized controlled trial with depressed college students. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2016;77:118-28."
        },
        {
          "study": "McKee, 2006",
          "ref": "McKee MD, Zayas LH, Fletcher J, Boyd RC, Nam SH. Results of an intervention to reduce perinatal depression among low-income minority women in community primary care. Journal of Social Service Research. 2006;32(4):63-81."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pardini, 2014 (study 2)",
          "ref": "Pardini J, Scogin F, Schriver J, Domino M, Wilson D, LaRocca M. Efficacy and process of cognitive bibliotherapy for the treatment of depression in jail and prison inmates. Psychological services 2014-11(2): 141-52. (study2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Piers, 2023",
          "ref": "Piers, R. J., Farchione, T. J., Wong, B., Rosellini, A. J., & Cronin-Golomb, A. (2023). Telehealth Transdiagnostic Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression in Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Movement Disorders Clinical Practice, 10(1), 79-85. doi:10.1002/mdc3.13587"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ransom, 2008",
          "ref": "Ransom D, Heckman TG, Anderson T, Garske J, Holroyd K, Basta T. Telephone-delivered, interpersonal psychotherapy for HIV-infected rural persons with depression: A pilot trial. Psychiatric Services. 2008;59(8):871-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ritvo, 2021",
          "ref": "Ritvo, P., et al. (2021). \"Online Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention for Youth With Major Depressive Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(3): e24380."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rohan, 2007",
          "ref": "Rohan KJ, Roecklein KA, Lindsey KT, Johnson LG, Lippy RD, Lacy TJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, and their combination for seasonal affective disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2007;75(3):489-500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sandoval, 2017",
          "ref": "Sandoval, L., Buckey, J., Ainslie, R., Tombari, M., Stone, W., & Hegel, M. (2017). Randomized Controlled Trial of a Computerized Interactive Media-Based Problem Solving Treatment for Depression. Behavior Therapy, 48(3), 413-425."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schmidt, 2012",
          "ref": "Schmidt, N. B., Buckner, J. D., Pusser, A., Woolaway-Bickel, K., Preston, J. L., & Norr, A. (2012). Randomized controlled trial of false safety behavior elimination therapy: a unified cognitive behavioral treatment for anxiety psychopathology. Behav Ther, 43(3), 518-532. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2012.02.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Talbot, 2011",
          "ref": "Talbot NL, Chaudron LH, Ward EA, Duberstein PR, Conwell Y, O'Hara MW, et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed women with sexual abuse histories. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(4):374-80."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "sg": "Country / Region",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Amano, 2023",
          "ref": "Amano, M., Katayama, N., Umeda, S., Terasawa, Y., Tabuchi, H., Kikuchi, T., . . . Nakagawa, A. (2023). The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on future thinking in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.997154"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Au, 2022",
          "ref": "Au, A., Nan, H., Sum, R., Ng, F., Kwong, A., & Wong, S. (2022). Cognitive behavioural therapy for adherence and sub-clinical depression in type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial (abridged secondary publication). Hong Kong Med J, 28 Suppl 3(3), 21-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Baker, 2010",
          "ref": "Baker AL, Kavanagh DJ, Kay-Lambkin FJ, Hunt SA, Lewin TJ, Carr VJ, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for coexisting depression and alcohol problems: short-term outcome. Addiction (Abingdon, England). 2010;105(1):87-99."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer, 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer T, Crane C, Hargus E, Amarasinghe M, Winder R, Williams JM. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2009;47(5):366-73."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basirat, 2022",
          "ref": "Basirat, Z., Kheirkhah, F., Faramarzi, M., Esmaelzadeh, S., Khafri, S., & Tajali, Z. (2022). Pharmacotherapy or Psychotherapy? Selective Treatment Depression in The Infertile Women with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Triple-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Fertility and Sterility, 16(3), 211-219. doi:10.22074/ijfs.2021.529258.1124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bedard, 2014",
          "ref": "Bedard M, Felteau M, Marshall S, Cullen N, Gibbons C, Dubois S, et al. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy reduces symptoms of depression in people with a traumatic brain injury: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. 2014;29(4):E13-E22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2011",
          "ref": "Berger T, Hämmerli K, Gubser N, Andersson G, Caspar F. Internet-based treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial comparing guided with unguided self-help. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. 2011;40(4):251-66."
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bilich, 2008",
          "ref": "Bilich, L. L., Deane, F. P., Phipps, A. B., Barisic, M., & Gould, G. (2008). Effectiveness of bibliotherapy self-help for depression with varying levels of telephone helpline support. Clin Psychol Psychother, 15(2), 61-74. doi:10.1002/cpp.562"
        },
        {
          "study": "Boeschoten, 2017",
          "ref": "Boeschoten, R. E., Dekker, J., Uitdehaag, B. M. J., Beekman, A. T. F., Hoogendoorn, A. W., Collette, E. H., . . . Van Oppen, P. (2017). Internet-based treatment for depression in multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial. Multiple Sclerosis, 23(8), 1112-1122."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2013",
          "ref": "Carlbring P, Hagglund M, Luthstrom A, Dahlin M, Kadowaki A, Vernmark K, et al. Internet-based behavioral activation and acceptance-based treatment for depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;148(2-3):331-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carpenter, 2008",
          "ref": "Carpenter KM, Smith JL, Aharonovich E, Nunes EV. Developing therapies for depression in drug dependence: Results of a stage 1 therapy study. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 2008;34(5):642-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carr, 2017",
          "ref": "Carr, A., Finnegan, L., Griffin, E., Cotter, P., & Hyland, A. (2017). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Say Yes to Life (SYTL) Positive Psychology Group Psychotherapy Program for Depression: An Interim Report. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 47(3), 153-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chan, 2012",
          "ref": "Chan AS, Wong QY, Sze SL, Kwong PP, Han YM, Cheung MC. A Chinese Chan-based mind-body intervention for patients with depression. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2012;142(1-3):283-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chiang, 2015",
          "ref": "Chiang KJ, Chen TH, Hsieh HT, Tsai JC, Ou KL, Chou KR. One-year follow-up of the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group therapy for patients' depression: A randomized, single-blinded, controlled study. Scientific World Journal. 2015;2015:Article ID 373149."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chowdhary, 2016",
          "ref": "Chowdhary N, Anand A, Dimidjian S, Shinde S, Weobong B, Balaji M, et al. The Healthy Activity Program lay counsellor delivered treatment for severe depression in India: Systematic development and randomised evaluation. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2016;208(4):381-8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cohen, 2010",
          "ref": "Cohen S, O'Leary KD, Foran H. A randomized clinical trial of a brief, problem-focused couple therapy for depression. Behavior Therapy. 2010;41(4):433-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cooper, 2011",
          "ref": "Cooper CL, Hind D, Parry GD, Isaac CL, Dimairo M, O'Cathain A, et al. Computerised cognitive behavioural therapy for the treatment of depression in people with multiple sclerosis: External pilot trial. Trials. 2011;12(1):259."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cukor, 2014",
          "ref": "Cukor, D., Ver Halen, N., Asher, D. R., Coplan, J. D., Weedon, J., Wyka, K. E., . . . Kimmel, P. L. (2014). Psychosocial intervention improves depression, quality of life, and fluid adherence in hemodialysis. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 25(1), 196-206. doi:https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2012111134"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dao, 2011",
          "ref": "Dao TK, Youssef NA, Armsworth M, Wear E, Papathopoulos KN, Gopaldas R. Randomized controlled trial of brief cognitive behavioral intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms preoperatively in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery. 2011;142(3):e109-15."
        },
        {
          "study": "De Groot, 2019",
          "ref": "De Groot, M., Shubrook, J. H., Hornsby, W. G., Pillay, Y., Mather, K. J., Fitzpatrick, K., . . . Saha, C. (2019). Program ACTIVE II: Outcomes from a randomized, multistate community-based depression treatment for rural and urban adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care, 42(7), 1185-1193. doi:10.2337/dc18-2400"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dekker, 2012",
          "ref": "Dekker RL, Moser DK, Peden AR, Lennie TA. Cognitive therapy improves three-month outcomes in hospitalized patients with heart failure. Journal of cardiac failure. 2012;18(1):10-20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Desautels, 2018",
          "ref": "Desautels, C., Savard, J., Ivers, H., Savard, M. H., & Caplette-Gingras, A. (2018). Treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive therapy and bright light therapy [Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial]. Health Psychology, 37(1), 1‐13. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000539"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dunn, 2007",
          "ref": "Dunn NJ, Rehm LP, Schillaci J, Souchek J, Mehta P, Ashton CM, et al. A randomized trial of self-management and psychoeducational group therapies for comorbid chronic posttraumatic stress disorder and depressive disorder. Journal of traumatic stress. 2007;20(3):221-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ekers, 2011",
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          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2012",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., & Hevey, D. (2013). A comparison of two online cognitive-behavioural interventions for symptoms of depression in a student population: The role of therapist responsiveness. Counselling & Psychotherapy Research, 13(3), 184-193. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2013-30909-004&site=ehost-live ORCID: 0000-0003-2844-0449 ORCID: 0000-0003-2785-0753 ORCID: 0000-0003-0871-4078 derek.richards@tcd.ie"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2015",
          "ref": "Richards D, Timulak L, O'Brien E, Hayes C, Vigano N, Sharry J, et al. A randomized controlled trial of an internet-delivered treatment: Its potential as a low-intensity community intervention for adults with symptoms of depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2015;75:20-31."
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2018",
          "ref": "Richards SH, Dickens C, Anderson R, et al. Assessing the effectiveness of Enhanced Psychological Care for patients with depressive symptoms attending cardiac rehabilitation compared with treatment as usual (CADENCE): a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial. Trials 2018; 19(1)."
        },
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          "study": "Rief, 2018",
          "ref": "Rief W, Bleichhardt G, Dannehl K, Euteneuer F, Wambach K. Comparing the Efficacy of CBASP with Two Versions of CBT for Depression in a Routine Care Center: a Randomized Clinical Trial. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics 2018;"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ritvo, 2021",
          "ref": "Ritvo, P., et al. (2021). \"Online Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention for Youth With Major Depressive Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(3): e24380."
        },
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          "study": "Rogiers, 2022",
          "ref": "Rogiers, R., Baeken, C., Van den Abbeele, D., Watkins, E. R., Remue, J., Colman, R., . . . Lemmens, G. M. D. (2022). Group intervention ‘Drop It!’ decreases repetitive negative thinking in major depressive disorder and/or generalized anxiety disorder: A randomised controlled study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 46(1), 182-196. doi:10.1007/s10608-021-10240-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rohan, 2007",
          "ref": "Rohan KJ, Roecklein KA, Lindsey KT, Johnson LG, Lippy RD, Lacy TJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, and their combination for seasonal affective disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2007;75(3):489-500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell, 2020",
          "ref": "Russell, A., Gaunt, D. M., Cooper, K., Barton, S., Horwood, J., Kessler, D., . . . et al. (2019). The feasibility of low-intensity psychological therapy for depression co-occurring with autism in adults: the Autism Depression Trial (ADEPT) – a pilot randomised controlled trial. Autism. doi:10.1177/1362361319889272"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sandoval, 2017",
          "ref": "Sandoval, L., Buckey, J., Ainslie, R., Tombari, M., Stone, W., & Hegel, M. (2017). Randomized Controlled Trial of a Computerized Interactive Media-Based Problem Solving Treatment for Depression. Behavior Therapy, 48(3), 413-425."
        },
        {
          "study": "Savari, 2021",
          "ref": "Savari, Y., Mohagheghi, H., & Petrocchi, N. (2021). A preliminary investigation on the effectiveness of compassionate mind training for students with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Mindfulness, 12(5), 1159-1172. doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01584-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schmidt, 2012",
          "ref": "Schmidt, N. B., Buckner, J. D., Pusser, A., Woolaway-Bickel, K., Preston, J. L., & Norr, A. (2012). Randomized controlled trial of false safety behavior elimination therapy: a unified cognitive behavioral treatment for anxiety psychopathology. Behav Ther, 43(3), 518-532. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2012.02.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Serfaty, 2009",
          "ref": "Serfaty MA, Haworth D, Blanchard M, Buszewicz M, Murad S, King M. Clinical effectiveness of individual cognitive behavioral therapy for depressed older people in primary care: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2009;66(12):1332-40."
        },
        {
          "study": "Serfaty, 2020",
          "ref": "Serfaty, M., King, M., Nazareth, I., Moorey, S., Aspden, T., Tookman, A., . . . Jones, L. (2019). Manualised cognitive and behavioural therapy in treating depression in advanced cancer: the CanTalk RCT. Health Technology Assessment, 23(19), 1‐106. doi:10.3310/hta23190"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Spek, 2007",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Steel, 2020",
          "ref": "Steel, C., Korrelboom, K., Baksh, M. F., Kingdon, D., Simon, J., Wykes, T., ... & van der Gaag, M. (2020). Positive memory training for the treatment of depression in schizophrenia: A randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 135, 103734."
        },
        {
          "study": "Strauss, 2012",
          "ref": "Strauss C, Hayward M, Chadwick P. Group person-based cognitive therapy for chronic depression: A pilot randomized controlled trial. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2012;51(3):345-50."
        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Talbot, 2011",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tovote, 2014",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner, 2013",
          "ref": "Turner A, Hambridge J, Baker A, Bowman J, McElduff P. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behaviour therapy versus brief intervention for depression in cardiac patients. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2013;47(3):235-43."
        },
        {
          "study": "Victor-Aigbodion, 2023",
          "ref": "Victor-Aigbodion, V., Eseadi, C., Ardi, Z., Sewagegn, A. A., Ololo, K., Abonor, L. B., . . . Effanga, O. A. (2023). Effectiveness of rational emotive behavior therapy in reducing depression among undergraduate medical students. Medicine (Baltimore), 102(4), e32724. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000032724"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013b",
          "ref": "Williams C, Wilson P, Morrison J, McMahon A, Andrew W, Allan L, et al. Guided self-help cognitive behavioural therapy for depression in primary care: A randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e52735."
        },
        {
          "study": "Winnebeck, 2017",
          "ref": "Winnebeck, E., Fissler, M., Gärtner, M., Chadwick, P., & Barnhofer, T. (2017). Brief training in mindfulness meditation reduces symptoms in patients with a chronic or recurrent lifetime history of depression: A randomized controlled study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 99, 124-130. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.10.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yang, 2018",
          "ref": "Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zu S, Zhao J. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: a six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. Journal of affective disorders 2018; 226: 251‐60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 191,
      "instr": "BDI-II",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "Other",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 39,
      "k_es": 50,
      "sd": 9.212,
      "lo": 8.022,
      "hi": 10.579,
      "tau2": 0.1845,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.925,
      "phi": 21.62,
      "i2": 96.2,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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          "study": "Basirat, 2022",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Hashemi, 2022",
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        },
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          "study": "Jalali, 2019",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Mahmoodi, 2021",
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Martin, 2015",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Savari, 2021",
          "ref": "Savari, Y., Mohagheghi, H., & Petrocchi, N. (2021). A preliminary investigation on the effectiveness of compassionate mind training for students with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Mindfulness, 12(5), 1159-1172. doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01584-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner, 2013",
          "ref": "Turner A, Hambridge J, Baker A, Bowman J, McElduff P. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behaviour therapy versus brief intervention for depression in cardiac patients. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2013;47(3):235-43."
        },
        {
          "study": "Victor-Aigbodion, 2023",
          "ref": "Victor-Aigbodion, V., Eseadi, C., Ardi, Z., Sewagegn, A. A., Ololo, K., Abonor, L. B., . . . Effanga, O. A. (2023). Effectiveness of rational emotive behavior therapy in reducing depression among undergraduate medical students. Medicine (Baltimore), 102(4), e32724. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000032724"
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
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      "refs": [
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          "study": "Eseadi, 2018",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
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          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
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        },
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          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
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      "k": 41,
      "k_es": 43,
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      "lo": 7.282,
      "hi": 9.644,
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      "refs": [
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        },
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          "study": "Greenberg, 2018",
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        },
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          "study": "Hashemi, 2022",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Horrell, 2014",
          "ref": "Horrell L, Goldsmith KA, Tylee AT, Schmidt UH, Murphy CL, Bonin E-M, et al. One-day cognitive–behavioural therapy self-confidence workshops for people with depression: Randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2014;204(3):222-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hsiao, 2014",
          "ref": "Hsiao, F.-H., Lai, Y.-M., Chen, Y.-T., Yang, T.-T., Liao, S.-C., Ho, R. T., Ng, S.-M., Chan, C. L., & Jow, G.-M. (2014). Efficacy of psychotherapy on diurnal cortisol patterns and suicidal ideation in adjustment disorder with depressed mood. General hospital psychiatry, 36(2), 214-219. http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0163834313003113/1-s2.0-S0163834313003113-main.pdf?_tid=685fbc62-cf4e-11e5-b7e9-00000aab0f6c&acdnat=1455037317_a8c762fea010c7ac31f2152769dad94c"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
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          "study": "Jalali, 2019",
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        },
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          "study": "Jesse, 2015",
          "ref": "Jesse DE, Gaynes BN, Feldhousen EB, Newton ER, Bunch S, Hollon SD. Performance of a culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention integrated in a public health setting to reduce risk of antepartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2015;60(5):578-92."
        },
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          "study": "Khoshbooii, 2021",
          "ref": "Khoshbooii, R., Hassan, S. A., Deylami, N., Muhamad, R., Engku Kamarudin, E. M., & Alareqe, N. A. (2021). Effects of Group and Individual Culturally Adapted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Depression and Sexual Satisfaction among Perimenopausal Women. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147711"
        },
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          "study": "Korrelboom, 2012",
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        },
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          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
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        },
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          "study": "Majidzadeh, 2023",
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Niedermoser, 2020",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Onuigbo, 2019",
          "ref": "Onuigbo, L. N., Eseadi, C., Ebifa, S., Ugwu, U. C., Onyishi, C. N., & Oyeoku, E. K. (2019). Effect of rational emotive behavior therapy program on depressive symptoms among university students with blindness in Nigeria. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 37(1), 17-38. doi:10.1007/s10942-018-0297-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Raji, 2022",
          "ref": "Raji Lahiji, M., Sajadian, A., Haghighat, S., Zarrati, M., Dareini, H., Raji Lahiji, M., & Razmpoosh, E. (2022). Effectiveness of logotherapy and nutrition counseling on psychological status, quality of life, and dietary intake among breast cancer survivors with depressive disorder: a randomized clinical trial. Supportive Care in Cancer. doi:10.1007/s00520-022-07237-6"
        },
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          "study": "Raya-Tena, 2021",
          "ref": "Raya-Tena, A., Fernández-San-Martin, M. I., Martin-Royo, J., Casañas, R., Sauch-Valmaña, G., Cols-Sagarra, C., . . . Jiménez-Herrera, M. F. (2021). Effectiveness of a Psychoeducational Group Intervention Carried Out by Nurses for Patients with Depression and Physical Comorbidity in Primary Care: Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(6). doi:10.3390/ijerph18062948"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rogiers, 2022",
          "ref": "Rogiers, R., Baeken, C., Van den Abbeele, D., Watkins, E. R., Remue, J., Colman, R., . . . Lemmens, G. M. D. (2022). Group intervention ‘Drop It!’ decreases repetitive negative thinking in major depressive disorder and/or generalized anxiety disorder: A randomised controlled study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 46(1), 182-196. doi:10.1007/s10608-021-10240-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rohan, 2007",
          "ref": "Rohan KJ, Roecklein KA, Lindsey KT, Johnson LG, Lippy RD, Lacy TJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, and their combination for seasonal affective disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2007;75(3):489-500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Savari, 2021",
          "ref": "Savari, Y., Mohagheghi, H., & Petrocchi, N. (2021). A preliminary investigation on the effectiveness of compassionate mind training for students with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Mindfulness, 12(5), 1159-1172. doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01584-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Spek, 2007",
          "ref": "Spek V, Nyklicek I, Smits N, Cuijpers P, Riper H, Keyzer J, et al. Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for subthreshold depression in people over 50 years old: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Psychological Medicine. 2007;37(12):1797-806."
        },
        {
          "study": "Strauss, 2012",
          "ref": "Strauss C, Hayward M, Chadwick P. Group person-based cognitive therapy for chronic depression: A pilot randomized controlled trial. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2012;51(3):345-50."
        },
        {
          "study": "Takagaki, 2016",
          "ref": "Takagaki K, Okamoto Y, Jinnin R, Mori A, Nishiyama Y, Yamamura T, et al. Behavioral activation for late adolescents with subthreshold depression: A randomized controlled trial. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2016;25(11):1171-82."
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner, 2013",
          "ref": "Turner A, Hambridge J, Baker A, Bowman J, McElduff P. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behaviour therapy versus brief intervention for depression in cardiac patients. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2013;47(3):235-43."
        },
        {
          "study": "Victor-Aigbodion, 2023",
          "ref": "Victor-Aigbodion, V., Eseadi, C., Ardi, Z., Sewagegn, A. A., Ololo, K., Abonor, L. B., . . . Effanga, O. A. (2023). Effectiveness of rational emotive behavior therapy in reducing depression among undergraduate medical students. Medicine (Baltimore), 102(4), e32724. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000032724"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yang, 2018",
          "ref": "Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zu S, Zhao J. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: a six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. Journal of affective disorders 2018; 226: 251‐60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        }
      ]
    },
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Amano, 2023",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Eseadi, 2022",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Greenberg, 2018",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Hashemi, 2022",
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          "ref": "Takagaki K, Okamoto Y, Jinnin R, Mori A, Nishiyama Y, Yamamura T, et al. Behavioral activation for late adolescents with subthreshold depression: A randomized controlled trial. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2016;25(11):1171-82."
        },
        {
          "study": "Talbot, 2011",
          "ref": "Talbot NL, Chaudron LH, Ward EA, Duberstein PR, Conwell Y, O'Hara MW, et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed women with sexual abuse histories. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(4):374-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tovote, 2014",
          "ref": "Tovote KA, Fleer J, Snippe E, Peeters A, Emmelkamp PMG, Sanderman R, et al. Individual mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for treating depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2014;37(9):2427-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner, 2013",
          "ref": "Turner A, Hambridge J, Baker A, Bowman J, McElduff P. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behaviour therapy versus brief intervention for depression in cardiac patients. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2013;47(3):235-43."
        },
        {
          "study": "Victor-Aigbodion, 2023",
          "ref": "Victor-Aigbodion, V., Eseadi, C., Ardi, Z., Sewagegn, A. A., Ololo, K., Abonor, L. B., . . . Effanga, O. A. (2023). Effectiveness of rational emotive behavior therapy in reducing depression among undergraduate medical students. Medicine (Baltimore), 102(4), e32724. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000032724"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013b",
          "ref": "Williams C, Wilson P, Morrison J, McMahon A, Andrew W, Allan L, et al. Guided self-help cognitive behavioural therapy for depression in primary care: A randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e52735."
        },
        {
          "study": "Winnebeck, 2017",
          "ref": "Winnebeck, E., Fissler, M., Gärtner, M., Chadwick, P., & Barnhofer, T. (2017). Brief training in mindfulness meditation reduces symptoms in patients with a chronic or recurrent lifetime history of depression: A randomized controlled study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 99, 124-130. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.10.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yang, 2018",
          "ref": "Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zu S, Zhao J. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: a six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. Journal of affective disorders 2018; 226: 251‐60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2011",
          "ref": "Berger T, Hämmerli K, Gubser N, Andersson G, Caspar F. Internet-based treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial comparing guided with unguided self-help. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. 2011;40(4):251-66."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bilich, 2008",
          "ref": "Bilich, L. L., Deane, F. P., Phipps, A. B., Barisic, M., & Gould, G. (2008). Effectiveness of bibliotherapy self-help for depression with varying levels of telephone helpline support. Clin Psychol Psychother, 15(2), 61-74. doi:10.1002/cpp.562"
        },
        {
          "study": "Boeschoten, 2017",
          "ref": "Boeschoten, R. E., Dekker, J., Uitdehaag, B. M. J., Beekman, A. T. F., Hoogendoorn, A. W., Collette, E. H., . . . Van Oppen, P. (2017). Internet-based treatment for depression in multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial. Multiple Sclerosis, 23(8), 1112-1122."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2013",
          "ref": "Carlbring P, Hagglund M, Luthstrom A, Dahlin M, Kadowaki A, Vernmark K, et al. Internet-based behavioral activation and acceptance-based treatment for depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;148(2-3):331-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cooper, 2011",
          "ref": "Cooper CL, Hind D, Parry GD, Isaac CL, Dimairo M, O'Cathain A, et al. Computerised cognitive behavioural therapy for the treatment of depression in people with multiple sclerosis: External pilot trial. Trials. 2011;12(1):259."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fissler, 2016",
          "ref": "Fissler, M., Winnebeck, E., Schroeter, T. A., Gummbersbach, M., Huntenburg, J. M., Gärtner, M., & Barnhofer, T. (2017). Brief training in mindfulness may normalize a blunted error-related negativity in chronically depressed patients. Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, 17(6), 1164-1175. doi:10.3758/s13415-017-0540-x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Flygare, 2020",
          "ref": "Flygare AL, Engström I, Hasselgren M, et al. Internet-based CBT for patients with depressive disorders in primary and psychiatric care: Is it effective and does comorbidity affect outcome? Internet Interventions. 2020;19."
        },
        {
          "study": "Garcia, 2023",
          "ref": "Garcia, A., Yáñez, A. M., Bennasar-Veny, M., Navarro, C., Salva, J., Ibarra, O., . . . Garcia-Toro, M. (2023). Efficacy of an adjuvant non-face-to-face multimodal lifestyle modification program for patients with treatment-resistant major depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychiatry Res, 319, 114975. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114975"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoifodt, 2013",
          "ref": "Hoifodt RS, Lillevoll KR, Griffiths KM, et al. The clinical effectiveness of web-based cognitive behavioral therapy with face-to-face therapist support for depressed primary care patients: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research 2013; 15(8): e153."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hur, 2018",
          "ref": "Hur, J. W., Kim, B., Park, D., & Choi, S. W. A Scenario-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Mobile App to Reduce Dysfunctional Beliefs in Individuals with Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Telemed J E Health, 24(9), 710-716."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2012a",
          "ref": "Johansson R, Ekbladh S, Hebert A, Lindström M, Möller S, Petitt E, et al. Psychodynamic guided self-help for adult depression through the internet: A randomised controlled trial. PloS One. 2012;7(5):e38021."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2012b",
          "ref": "Johansson R, Sjöberg E, Sjögren M, Johnsson E, Carlbring P, Andersson T, et al. Tailored vs. standardized internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for depression and comorbid symptoms: A randomized controlled trial. PloS One. 2012;7(5):e36905."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kall, 2025",
          "ref": "Käll A, Bäck M, Fahlroth O, Ekeflod E, Lundberg A, Viberg N, et al. Internet-based therapist-supported interpersonal psychotherapy for depression: A randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord. 2025;369:188-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kay-Lambkin, 2009",
          "ref": "Kay-Lambkin, F. J., Baker, A. L., Lewin, T. J., & Carr, V. J. (2009). Computer-based psychological treatment for comorbid depression and problematic alcohol and/or cannabis use: A randomized controlled trial of clinical efficacy. Addiction, 104(3), 378-388. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02444.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Krämer, 2022",
          "ref": "Krämer, R., Köhne-Voll, , L., Schumacher, A., & Köhler, S. Efficacy of an online intervention for treatment of depressive disorders: a three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing guided and unguided self-help with waitlist control. JMIR Form Res."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lappalainen, 2015",
          "ref": "Lappalainen P, Langrial S, Oinas-Kukkonen H, Tolvanen A, Lappalainen R. Web-based acceptance and commitment therapy for depressive symptoms with minimal support: A randomized controlled trial. Behavior modification. 2015;39(6):805-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Liu, 2009",
          "ref": "Liu ET-H, Chen W-L, Li Y-H, Wang CH, Mok TJ, Huang HS. Exploring the efficacy of cognitive bibliotherapy and a potential mechanism of change in the treatment of depressive symptoms among the Chinese: A randomized controlled trial. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 2009;33(5):449-61."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lobner, 2018",
          "ref": "Lobner M, Pabst A, Stein J, et al. Computerized cognitive behavior therapy for patients with mild to moderately severe depression in primary care: A pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial (@ktiv). J Affect Disord 2018-238: 317-26."
        },
        {
          "study": "Milgrom, 2016",
          "ref": "Milgrom J, Danaher BG, Gemmill AW, Holt C, Holt CJ, Seeley JR, et al. Internet cognitive behavioral therapy for women with postnatal depression: A randomized controlled trial of MumMoodBooster. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2016;18(3):e54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Milgrom, 2021",
          "ref": "Milgrom, J., Danaher, B. G., Seeley, J. R., Holt, C. J., Holt, C., Ericksen, J., Tyler, M. S., Gau, J. M., & Gemmill, A. W. (2021). Internet and Face-to-face Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Postnatal Depression Compared With Treatment as Usual: Randomized Controlled Trial of MumMoodBooster. J Med Internet Res, 23(12), e17185. https://doi.org/10.2196/17185"
        },
        {
          "study": "Moldovan, 2013",
          "ref": "Moldovan R, Cobeanu O, David D. Cognitive bibliotherapy for mild depressive symptomatology: Randomized clinical trial of efficacy and mechanisms of change. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2013;20(6):482-93."
        },
        {
          "study": "Montero-Marin, 2016",
          "ref": "Montero-Marín, J., Araya, R., Pérez-Yus, M. C., Mayoral, F., Gili, M., Botella, C., . . . López-Del-Hoyo, Y. (2016). An internet-based intervention for depression in primary Care in Spain: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(8), e231. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Nadort, 2022",
          "ref": "Nadort, E., Schouten, R. W., Boeschoten, R. E., Smets, Y., Chandie Shaw, P., Vleming, L. J., . . . Siegert, C. E. H. (2022). Internet-based treatment for depressive symptoms in hemodialysis patients: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 75, 46-53. doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2022.01.008"
        },
        {
          "study": "Otu, 2023",
          "ref": "Otu MS, Ebizie EN, Otu FM, Eseadi C. Efficacy of a counselling video blog intervention from YouTube on depression reduction among primary school teachers. Psychological Studies. 2023;68(3):335-41."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pardini, 2014 (study 2)",
          "ref": "Pardini J, Scogin F, Schriver J, Domino M, Wilson D, LaRocca M. Efficacy and process of cognitive bibliotherapy for the treatment of depression in jail and prison inmates. Psychological services 2014-11(2): 141-52. (study2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Perini, 2009",
          "ref": "Perini S, Titov N, Andrews G. Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for depression: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;43(6):571-8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2012",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., & Hevey, D. (2013). A comparison of two online cognitive-behavioural interventions for symptoms of depression in a student population: The role of therapist responsiveness. Counselling & Psychotherapy Research, 13(3), 184-193. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2013-30909-004&site=ehost-live ORCID: 0000-0003-2844-0449 ORCID: 0000-0003-2785-0753 ORCID: 0000-0003-0871-4078 derek.richards@tcd.ie"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2015",
          "ref": "Richards D, Timulak L, O'Brien E, Hayes C, Vigano N, Sharry J, et al. A randomized controlled trial of an internet-delivered treatment: Its potential as a low-intensity community intervention for adults with symptoms of depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2015;75:20-31."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ritvo, 2021",
          "ref": "Ritvo, P., et al. (2021). \"Online Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention for Youth With Major Depressive Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(3): e24380."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell, 2020",
          "ref": "Russell, A., Gaunt, D. M., Cooper, K., Barton, S., Horwood, J., Kessler, D., . . . et al. (2019). The feasibility of low-intensity psychological therapy for depression co-occurring with autism in adults: the Autism Depression Trial (ADEPT) – a pilot randomised controlled trial. Autism. doi:10.1177/1362361319889272"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sandoval, 2017",
          "ref": "Sandoval, L., Buckey, J., Ainslie, R., Tombari, M., Stone, W., & Hegel, M. (2017). Randomized Controlled Trial of a Computerized Interactive Media-Based Problem Solving Treatment for Depression. Behavior Therapy, 48(3), 413-425."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013b",
          "ref": "Williams C, Wilson P, Morrison J, McMahon A, Andrew W, Allan L, et al. Guided self-help cognitive behavioural therapy for depression in primary care: A randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e52735."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Amano, 2023",
          "ref": "Amano, M., Katayama, N., Umeda, S., Terasawa, Y., Tabuchi, H., Kikuchi, T., . . . Nakagawa, A. (2023). The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on future thinking in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.997154"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Au, 2022",
          "ref": "Au, A., Nan, H., Sum, R., Ng, F., Kwong, A., & Wong, S. (2022). Cognitive behavioural therapy for adherence and sub-clinical depression in type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial (abridged secondary publication). Hong Kong Med J, 28 Suppl 3(3), 21-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Baker, 2010",
          "ref": "Baker AL, Kavanagh DJ, Kay-Lambkin FJ, Hunt SA, Lewin TJ, Carr VJ, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for coexisting depression and alcohol problems: short-term outcome. Addiction (Abingdon, England). 2010;105(1):87-99."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer, 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer T, Crane C, Hargus E, Amarasinghe M, Winder R, Williams JM. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2009;47(5):366-73."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basirat, 2022",
          "ref": "Basirat, Z., Kheirkhah, F., Faramarzi, M., Esmaelzadeh, S., Khafri, S., & Tajali, Z. (2022). Pharmacotherapy or Psychotherapy? Selective Treatment Depression in The Infertile Women with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Triple-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Fertility and Sterility, 16(3), 211-219. doi:10.22074/ijfs.2021.529258.1124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bedard, 2014",
          "ref": "Bedard M, Felteau M, Marshall S, Cullen N, Gibbons C, Dubois S, et al. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy reduces symptoms of depression in people with a traumatic brain injury: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. 2014;29(4):E13-E22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2011",
          "ref": "Berger T, Hämmerli K, Gubser N, Andersson G, Caspar F. Internet-based treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial comparing guided with unguided self-help. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. 2011;40(4):251-66."
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bilich, 2008",
          "ref": "Bilich, L. L., Deane, F. P., Phipps, A. B., Barisic, M., & Gould, G. (2008). Effectiveness of bibliotherapy self-help for depression with varying levels of telephone helpline support. Clin Psychol Psychother, 15(2), 61-74. doi:10.1002/cpp.562"
        },
        {
          "study": "Boeschoten, 2017",
          "ref": "Boeschoten, R. E., Dekker, J., Uitdehaag, B. M. J., Beekman, A. T. F., Hoogendoorn, A. W., Collette, E. H., . . . Van Oppen, P. (2017). Internet-based treatment for depression in multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial. Multiple Sclerosis, 23(8), 1112-1122."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2013",
          "ref": "Carlbring P, Hagglund M, Luthstrom A, Dahlin M, Kadowaki A, Vernmark K, et al. Internet-based behavioral activation and acceptance-based treatment for depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;148(2-3):331-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carpenter, 2008",
          "ref": "Carpenter KM, Smith JL, Aharonovich E, Nunes EV. Developing therapies for depression in drug dependence: Results of a stage 1 therapy study. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 2008;34(5):642-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carr, 2017",
          "ref": "Carr, A., Finnegan, L., Griffin, E., Cotter, P., & Hyland, A. (2017). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Say Yes to Life (SYTL) Positive Psychology Group Psychotherapy Program for Depression: An Interim Report. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 47(3), 153-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chan, 2012",
          "ref": "Chan AS, Wong QY, Sze SL, Kwong PP, Han YM, Cheung MC. A Chinese Chan-based mind-body intervention for patients with depression. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2012;142(1-3):283-9."
        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Ransom, 2008",
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        },
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          "study": "Raya-Tena, 2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Ying, 2022",
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        },
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          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
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          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
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        },
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          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
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        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 197,
      "instr": "BDI-II",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Format",
      "sgv": "Individual",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 63,
      "k_es": 77,
      "sd": 10.118,
      "lo": 9.202,
      "hi": 11.127,
      "tau2": 0.1386,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 4.848,
      "phi": 21.121,
      "i2": 96,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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          "ref": "Lexis MA, Jansen NW, Huibers MJ, Amelsvoort LG, Berkouwer A, Tjin ATG, et al. Prevention of long-term sickness absence and major depression in high-risk employees: A randomised controlled trial. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2011;68(6):400-7."
        },
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          "study": "Lovell, 2008",
          "ref": "Lovell K, Bower P, Richards D, Barkham Mi, Sibbald B, Roberts C, et al. Developing guided self-help for depression using the medical research council complex interventions framework: A description of the modelling phase and results of an exploratory randomised controlled trial. BMC psychiatry. 2008;8."
        },
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          "study": "MacPherson, 2013",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Mansour, 2022",
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        },
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          "study": "Martin, 2015",
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        },
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          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
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        },
        {
          "study": "McIndoo, 2016",
          "ref": "McIndoo CC, File AA, Preddy T, Clark CG, Hopko DR. Mindfulness-based therapy and behavioral activation: A randomized controlled trial with depressed college students. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2016;77:118-28."
        },
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          "study": "McKee, 2006",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Milgrom, 2015b",
          "ref": "Milgrom J, Holt C, Holt CJ, Ross J, Ericksen J, Gemmill AW. Feasibility study and pilot randomised trial of an antenatal depression treatment with infant follow-up. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2015;18(5):717-30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Milgrom, 2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Nakagawa, 2017",
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        },
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          "study": "Nakao, 2018",
          "ref": "Nakao, S., Nakagawa, A., Oguchi, Y., Mitsuda, D., Kato, N., Nakagawa, Y., Tamura, N., Kudo, Y., Abe, T., Hiyama, M., Iwashita, S., Ono, Y., & Mimura, M. Web-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Blended With Face-to-Face Sessions for Major Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(9), e10743."
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2013",
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        },
        {
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        },
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          "study": "Nissen, 2020",
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        },
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          "study": "O'Mahen, 2013a",
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        },
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          "study": "Olukolade, 2017",
          "ref": "Olukolade, O., & Osinowo, H. (2017). Efficacy of Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapy on Poststroke Depression among Survivors of First Stroke Attack in Ibadan, Nigeria. Behavioural Neurology, 2017"
        },
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          "study": "Patel, 2017",
          "ref": "Patel, V., Weobong, B., Weiss, H., Anand, A., Bhat, B., Katti, B., . . . Fairburn, C. (2017). The Healthy Activity Program (HAP), a lay counsellor-delivered brief psychological treatment for severe depression, in primary care in India: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (london, england), 389(10065), 176-185."
        },
        {
          "study": "Piers, 2023",
          "ref": "Piers, R. J., Farchione, T. J., Wong, B., Rosellini, A. J., & Cronin-Golomb, A. (2023). Telehealth Transdiagnostic Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression in Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Movement Disorders Clinical Practice, 10(1), 79-85. doi:10.1002/mdc3.13587"
        },
        {
          "study": "Preschl, 2012",
          "ref": "Preschl B, Maercker A, Wagner B, Forstmeier S, Banos RM, Alcaniz M, et al. Life-review therapy with computer supplements for depression in the elderly: A randomized controlled trial. Aging and Mental Health. 2012;16(8):964-74."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ransom, 2008",
          "ref": "Ransom D, Heckman TG, Anderson T, Garske J, Holroyd K, Basta T. Telephone-delivered, interpersonal psychotherapy for HIV-infected rural persons with depression: A pilot trial. Psychiatric Services. 2008;59(8):871-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2018",
          "ref": "Richards SH, Dickens C, Anderson R, et al. Assessing the effectiveness of Enhanced Psychological Care for patients with depressive symptoms attending cardiac rehabilitation compared with treatment as usual (CADENCE): a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial. Trials 2018; 19(1)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rief, 2018",
          "ref": "Rief W, Bleichhardt G, Dannehl K, Euteneuer F, Wambach K. Comparing the Efficacy of CBASP with Two Versions of CBT for Depression in a Routine Care Center: a Randomized Clinical Trial. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics 2018;"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schmidt, 2012",
          "ref": "Schmidt, N. B., Buckner, J. D., Pusser, A., Woolaway-Bickel, K., Preston, J. L., & Norr, A. (2012). Randomized controlled trial of false safety behavior elimination therapy: a unified cognitive behavioral treatment for anxiety psychopathology. Behav Ther, 43(3), 518-532. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2012.02.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Serfaty, 2009",
          "ref": "Serfaty MA, Haworth D, Blanchard M, Buszewicz M, Murad S, King M. Clinical effectiveness of individual cognitive behavioral therapy for depressed older people in primary care: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2009;66(12):1332-40."
        },
        {
          "study": "Serfaty, 2020",
          "ref": "Serfaty, M., King, M., Nazareth, I., Moorey, S., Aspden, T., Tookman, A., . . . Jones, L. (2019). Manualised cognitive and behavioural therapy in treating depression in advanced cancer: the CanTalk RCT. Health Technology Assessment, 23(19), 1‐106. doi:10.3310/hta23190"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Steel, 2020",
          "ref": "Steel, C., Korrelboom, K., Baksh, M. F., Kingdon, D., Simon, J., Wykes, T., ... & van der Gaag, M. (2020). Positive memory training for the treatment of depression in schizophrenia: A randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 135, 103734."
        },
        {
          "study": "Talbot, 2011",
          "ref": "Talbot NL, Chaudron LH, Ward EA, Duberstein PR, Conwell Y, O'Hara MW, et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed women with sexual abuse histories. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(4):374-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tovote, 2014",
          "ref": "Tovote KA, Fleer J, Snippe E, Peeters A, Emmelkamp PMG, Sanderman R, et al. Individual mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for treating depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2014;37(9):2427-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Winnebeck, 2017",
          "ref": "Winnebeck, E., Fissler, M., Gärtner, M., Chadwick, P., & Barnhofer, T. (2017). Brief training in mindfulness meditation reduces symptoms in patients with a chronic or recurrent lifetime history of depression: A randomized controlled study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 99, 124-130. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.10.005"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "BDI-II",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
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      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 143,
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      "tau2": 0.136,
      "tau2w": 0.0045,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Amano, 2023",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Cukor, 2014",
          "ref": "Cukor, D., Ver Halen, N., Asher, D. R., Coplan, J. D., Weedon, J., Wyka, K. E., . . . Kimmel, P. L. (2014). Psychosocial intervention improves depression, quality of life, and fluid adherence in hemodialysis. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 25(1), 196-206. doi:https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2012111134"
        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Eseadi, 2018",
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        },
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          "study": "Eseadi, 2022",
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        },
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          "study": "Fissler, 2016",
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        },
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          "ref": "Gawrysiak M, Nicholas C, Hopko DR. Behavioral activation for moderately depressed university students: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 2009;56(3):468-75."
        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Steel, 2020",
          "ref": "Steel, C., Korrelboom, K., Baksh, M. F., Kingdon, D., Simon, J., Wykes, T., ... & van der Gaag, M. (2020). Positive memory training for the treatment of depression in schizophrenia: A randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 135, 103734."
        },
        {
          "study": "Strauss, 2012",
          "ref": "Strauss C, Hayward M, Chadwick P. Group person-based cognitive therapy for chronic depression: A pilot randomized controlled trial. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2012;51(3):345-50."
        },
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          "study": "Takagaki, 2016",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Talbot, 2011",
          "ref": "Talbot NL, Chaudron LH, Ward EA, Duberstein PR, Conwell Y, O'Hara MW, et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed women with sexual abuse histories. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(4):374-80."
        },
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          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
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          "study": "Tovote, 2014",
          "ref": "Tovote KA, Fleer J, Snippe E, Peeters A, Emmelkamp PMG, Sanderman R, et al. Individual mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for treating depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2014;37(9):2427-34."
        },
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          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
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        },
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          "study": "Victor-Aigbodion, 2023",
          "ref": "Victor-Aigbodion, V., Eseadi, C., Ardi, Z., Sewagegn, A. A., Ololo, K., Abonor, L. B., . . . Effanga, O. A. (2023). Effectiveness of rational emotive behavior therapy in reducing depression among undergraduate medical students. Medicine (Baltimore), 102(4), e32724. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000032724"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
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          "study": "Williams, 2013b",
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        },
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          "study": "Winnebeck, 2017",
          "ref": "Winnebeck, E., Fissler, M., Gärtner, M., Chadwick, P., & Barnhofer, T. (2017). Brief training in mindfulness meditation reduces symptoms in patients with a chronic or recurrent lifetime history of depression: A randomized controlled study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 99, 124-130. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.10.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
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          "study": "Yang, 2018",
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        },
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          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
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        {
          "study": "Au, 2022",
          "ref": "Au, A., Nan, H., Sum, R., Ng, F., Kwong, A., & Wong, S. (2022). Cognitive behavioural therapy for adherence and sub-clinical depression in type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial (abridged secondary publication). Hong Kong Med J, 28 Suppl 3(3), 21-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mulcahy, 2010",
          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Psarraki, 2021",
          "ref": "Psarraki, E. E., Bacopoulou, F., Panagoulias, E., Michou, M., Pelekasis, P., Artemiadis, A., . . . Darviri, C. (2021). The effects of Pythagorean Self-Awareness Intervention on patients with major depressive disorder: A pilot randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res, 138, 326-334. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.067"
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
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      "refs": [
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Victor-Aigbodion, 2023",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Williams, 2013",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013b",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Winnebeck, 2017",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yang, 2018",
          "ref": "Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zu S, Zhao J. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: a six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. Journal of affective disorders 2018; 226: 251‐60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
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      "refs": [
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          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
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      "refs": [
        {
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          "study": "Eseadi, 2018",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
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        },
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          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
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        },
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          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
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        },
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          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
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        }
      ]
    },
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      "k": 44,
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      "refs": [
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          "study": "Ekers, 2011",
          "ref": "Ekers D, Richards D, McMillan D, Bland JM, Gilbody S. Behavioural activation delivered by the non-specialist: Phase II randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2011;198(1):66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonagy, 2015",
          "ref": "Fonagy P, Rost F, Carlyle JA, McPherson S, Thomas R, Pasco Fearon RM, et al. Pragmatic randomized controlled trial of long-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy for treatment-resistant depression: The Tavistock Adult Depression Study (TADS). World Psychiatry. 2015;14(3):312-21."
        },
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          "study": "Fonagy, 2019",
          "ref": "Fonagy P, Lemma A, Target M, O'Keeffe S, Constantinou MP, Ventura Wurman T, et al. Dynamic interpersonal therapy for moderate to severe depression: a pilot randomized controlled and feasibility trial. Psychological medicine. 2019:1-10."
        },
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          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Hoifodt, 2013",
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        },
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          "study": "Hsiao, 2014",
          "ref": "Hsiao, F.-H., Lai, Y.-M., Chen, Y.-T., Yang, T.-T., Liao, S.-C., Ho, R. T., Ng, S.-M., Chan, C. L., & Jow, G.-M. (2014). Efficacy of psychotherapy on diurnal cortisol patterns and suicidal ideation in adjustment disorder with depressed mood. General hospital psychiatry, 36(2), 214-219. http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0163834313003113/1-s2.0-S0163834313003113-main.pdf?_tid=685fbc62-cf4e-11e5-b7e9-00000aab0f6c&acdnat=1455037317_a8c762fea010c7ac31f2152769dad94c"
        },
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          "study": "Kanter, 2015",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Korrelboom, 2012",
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        },
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          "study": "Laidlaw, 2008",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Lobner, 2018",
          "ref": "Lobner M, Pabst A, Stein J, et al. Computerized cognitive behavior therapy for patients with mild to moderately severe depression in primary care: A pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial (@ktiv). J Affect Disord 2018-238: 317-26."
        },
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          "study": "Lovell, 2008",
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        },
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          "study": "MacPherson, 2013",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Montero-Marin, 2016",
          "ref": "Montero-Marín, J., Araya, R., Pérez-Yus, M. C., Mayoral, F., Gili, M., Botella, C., . . . López-Del-Hoyo, Y. (2016). An internet-based intervention for depression in primary Care in Spain: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(8), e231. "
        },
        {
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Nakagawa, 2017",
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        },
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          "study": "Nakao, 2018",
          "ref": "Nakao, S., Nakagawa, A., Oguchi, Y., Mitsuda, D., Kato, N., Nakagawa, Y., Tamura, N., Kudo, Y., Abe, T., Hiyama, M., Iwashita, S., Ono, Y., & Mimura, M. Web-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Blended With Face-to-Face Sessions for Major Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(9), e10743."
        },
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          "study": "Patel, 2017",
          "ref": "Patel, V., Weobong, B., Weiss, H., Anand, A., Bhat, B., Katti, B., . . . Fairburn, C. (2017). The Healthy Activity Program (HAP), a lay counsellor-delivered brief psychological treatment for severe depression, in primary care in India: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (london, england), 389(10065), 176-185."
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Psarraki, 2021",
          "ref": "Psarraki, E. E., Bacopoulou, F., Panagoulias, E., Michou, M., Pelekasis, P., Artemiadis, A., . . . Darviri, C. (2021). The effects of Pythagorean Self-Awareness Intervention on patients with major depressive disorder: A pilot randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res, 138, 326-334. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.067"
        },
        {
          "study": "Raya-Tena, 2021",
          "ref": "Raya-Tena, A., Fernández-San-Martin, M. I., Martin-Royo, J., Casañas, R., Sauch-Valmaña, G., Cols-Sagarra, C., . . . Jiménez-Herrera, M. F. (2021). Effectiveness of a Psychoeducational Group Intervention Carried Out by Nurses for Patients with Depression and Physical Comorbidity in Primary Care: Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(6). doi:10.3390/ijerph18062948"
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rief, 2018",
          "ref": "Rief W, Bleichhardt G, Dannehl K, Euteneuer F, Wambach K. Comparing the Efficacy of CBASP with Two Versions of CBT for Depression in a Routine Care Center: a Randomized Clinical Trial. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics 2018;"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ritvo, 2021",
          "ref": "Ritvo, P., et al. (2021). \"Online Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention for Youth With Major Depressive Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(3): e24380."
        },
        {
          "study": "Savari, 2021",
          "ref": "Savari, Y., Mohagheghi, H., & Petrocchi, N. (2021). A preliminary investigation on the effectiveness of compassionate mind training for students with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Mindfulness, 12(5), 1159-1172. doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01584-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schmidt, 2012",
          "ref": "Schmidt, N. B., Buckner, J. D., Pusser, A., Woolaway-Bickel, K., Preston, J. L., & Norr, A. (2012). Randomized controlled trial of false safety behavior elimination therapy: a unified cognitive behavioral treatment for anxiety psychopathology. Behav Ther, 43(3), 518-532. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2012.02.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Steel, 2020",
          "ref": "Steel, C., Korrelboom, K., Baksh, M. F., Kingdon, D., Simon, J., Wykes, T., ... & van der Gaag, M. (2020). Positive memory training for the treatment of depression in schizophrenia: A randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 135, 103734."
        },
        {
          "study": "Strauss, 2012",
          "ref": "Strauss C, Hayward M, Chadwick P. Group person-based cognitive therapy for chronic depression: A pilot randomized controlled trial. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2012;51(3):345-50."
        },
        {
          "study": "Talbot, 2011",
          "ref": "Talbot NL, Chaudron LH, Ward EA, Duberstein PR, Conwell Y, O'Hara MW, et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed women with sexual abuse histories. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(4):374-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013b",
          "ref": "Williams C, Wilson P, Morrison J, McMahon A, Andrew W, Allan L, et al. Guided self-help cognitive behavioural therapy for depression in primary care: A randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e52735."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        }
      ]
    },
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      "refs": [
        {
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          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Spek, 2007",
          "ref": "Spek V, Nyklicek I, Smits N, Cuijpers P, Riper H, Keyzer J, et al. Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for subthreshold depression in people over 50 years old: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Psychological Medicine. 2007;37(12):1797-806."
        },
        {
          "study": "Steel, 2020",
          "ref": "Steel, C., Korrelboom, K., Baksh, M. F., Kingdon, D., Simon, J., Wykes, T., ... & van der Gaag, M. (2020). Positive memory training for the treatment of depression in schizophrenia: A randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 135, 103734."
        },
        {
          "study": "Strauss, 2012",
          "ref": "Strauss C, Hayward M, Chadwick P. Group person-based cognitive therapy for chronic depression: A pilot randomized controlled trial. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2012;51(3):345-50."
        },
        {
          "study": "Takagaki, 2016",
          "ref": "Takagaki K, Okamoto Y, Jinnin R, Mori A, Nishiyama Y, Yamamura T, et al. Behavioral activation for late adolescents with subthreshold depression: A randomized controlled trial. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2016;25(11):1171-82."
        },
        {
          "study": "Talbot, 2011",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tovote, 2014",
          "ref": "Tovote KA, Fleer J, Snippe E, Peeters A, Emmelkamp PMG, Sanderman R, et al. Individual mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for treating depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2014;37(9):2427-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner, 2013",
          "ref": "Turner A, Hambridge J, Baker A, Bowman J, McElduff P. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behaviour therapy versus brief intervention for depression in cardiac patients. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2013;47(3):235-43."
        },
        {
          "study": "Victor-Aigbodion, 2023",
          "ref": "Victor-Aigbodion, V., Eseadi, C., Ardi, Z., Sewagegn, A. A., Ololo, K., Abonor, L. B., . . . Effanga, O. A. (2023). Effectiveness of rational emotive behavior therapy in reducing depression among undergraduate medical students. Medicine (Baltimore), 102(4), e32724. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000032724"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013b",
          "ref": "Williams C, Wilson P, Morrison J, McMahon A, Andrew W, Allan L, et al. Guided self-help cognitive behavioural therapy for depression in primary care: A randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e52735."
        },
        {
          "study": "Winnebeck, 2017",
          "ref": "Winnebeck, E., Fissler, M., Gärtner, M., Chadwick, P., & Barnhofer, T. (2017). Brief training in mindfulness meditation reduces symptoms in patients with a chronic or recurrent lifetime history of depression: A randomized controlled study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 99, 124-130. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.10.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yang, 2018",
          "ref": "Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zu S, Zhao J. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: a six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. Journal of affective disorders 2018; 226: 251‐60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
      ]
    },
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      "refs": [
        {
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Fereydouni, 2022",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2012",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Williams, 2013",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Winnebeck, 2017",
          "ref": "Winnebeck, E., Fissler, M., Gärtner, M., Chadwick, P., & Barnhofer, T. (2017). Brief training in mindfulness meditation reduces symptoms in patients with a chronic or recurrent lifetime history of depression: A randomized controlled study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 99, 124-130. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.10.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        }
      ]
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
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        },
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          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
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        },
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          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 207,
      "instr": "BDI-II",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Recruitment",
      "sgv": "Other",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 40,
      "k_es": 46,
      "sd": 8.566,
      "lo": 7.384,
      "hi": 9.937,
      "tau2": 0.2207,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.371,
      "phi": 21.768,
      "i2": 97.3,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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        {
          "study": "Dekker, 2012",
          "ref": "Dekker RL, Moser DK, Peden AR, Lennie TA. Cognitive therapy improves three-month outcomes in hospitalized patients with heart failure. Journal of cardiac failure. 2012;18(1):10-20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Desautels, 2018",
          "ref": "Desautels, C., Savard, J., Ivers, H., Savard, M. H., & Caplette-Gingras, A. (2018). Treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive therapy and bright light therapy [Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial]. Health Psychology, 37(1), 1‐13. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000539"
        },
        {
          "study": "El-Monshed, 2024",
          "ref": "El-Monshed, A. H., Khonji, L. M., Altheeb, M., Saad, M. T. E., Elsheikh, M. A., Loutfy, A., . . . Zoromba, M. A. (2024). Does a program-based cognitive behavioral therapy affect insomnia and depression in menopausal women? A randomized controlled trial. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs, 21(2), 202-215. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12707"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eseadi, 2018",
          "ref": "Eseadi C, Obidoa MA, Ogbuabor SE, Ikechukwu-Ilomuanya AB. Effects of Group-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Coaching Program on Depressive Symptoms in a Sample of Inmates in a Nigerian Prison. International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology 2018; 62(6): 1589-602."
        },
        {
          "study": "Eseadi, 2022",
          "ref": "Eseadi, C., Ilechukwu, L. C., Victor-Aigbodion, V., Sewagegn, A. A., & Amedu, A. N. (2022). Intervention for depression among undergraduate religious education students: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore), 101(41), e31034. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000031034"
        },
        {
          "study": "Freedland, 2015",
          "ref": "Freedland KE, Carney RM, Rich MW, Steinmeyer BC, Rubin EH. Cognitive behavior therapy for depression and self-care in heart failure patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2015;175(11):1773-82."
        },
        {
          "study": "Furukawa, 2012",
          "ref": "Furukawa TA, Horikoshi M, Kawakami N, Kadota M, Sasaki M, Sekiya Y, et al. Telephone cognitive-behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression and presenteeism in workplace: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e35330."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jalali, 2019",
          "ref": "Jalali, F., Hasani, A., Hashemi, S. F., Kimiaei, S. A., & Babaei, A. (2019). Cognitive Group Therapy Based on Schema-Focused Approach for Reducing Depression in Prisoners Living With HIV. International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology, 63(2), 276‐288. doi:10.1177/0306624X18784185"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jesse, 2015",
          "ref": "Jesse DE, Gaynes BN, Feldhousen EB, Newton ER, Bunch S, Hollon SD. Performance of a culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention integrated in a public health setting to reduce risk of antepartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2015;60(5):578-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Khoshbooii, 2021",
          "ref": "Khoshbooii, R., Hassan, S. A., Deylami, N., Muhamad, R., Engku Kamarudin, E. M., & Alareqe, N. A. (2021). Effects of Group and Individual Culturally Adapted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Depression and Sexual Satisfaction among Perimenopausal Women. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147711"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lexis, 2011",
          "ref": "Lexis MA, Jansen NW, Huibers MJ, Amelsvoort LG, Berkouwer A, Tjin ATG, et al. Prevention of long-term sickness absence and major depression in high-risk employees: A randomised controlled trial. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2011;68(6):400-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Majidzadeh, 2023",
          "ref": "Majidzadeh S, Mirghafourvand M, Farvareshi M, Yavarikia P. The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on depression and anxiety of women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2023;23(1):332."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mansour, 2022",
          "ref": "Mansour, N., Labib, N., Khalil, M., & Esmat, S. (2022). Brief Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Patients with Comorbid Depression and Type 2 Diabetes in an Urban Primary Care Facility: Randomized Controlled Trial. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 10, 60-67. doi:10.3889/oamjms.2022.7883"
        },
        {
          "study": "McKee, 2006",
          "ref": "McKee MD, Zayas LH, Fletcher J, Boyd RC, Nam SH. Results of an intervention to reduce perinatal depression among low-income minority women in community primary care. Journal of Social Service Research. 2006;32(4):63-81."
        },
        {
          "study": "Milgrom, 2011",
          "ref": "Milgrom J, Holt CJ, Gemmill AW, Ericksen J, Leigh B, Buist A, et al. Treating postnatal depressive symptoms in primary care: A randomised controlled trial of GP management, with and without adjunctive counselling. BMC psychiatry. 2011;11:95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nadort, 2022",
          "ref": "Nadort, E., Schouten, R. W., Boeschoten, R. E., Smets, Y., Chandie Shaw, P., Vleming, L. J., . . . Siegert, C. E. H. (2022). Internet-based treatment for depressive symptoms in hemodialysis patients: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 75, 46-53. doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2022.01.008"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nissen, 2020",
          "ref": "Nissen ER, O'Connor M, Kaldo V, Højris I, Borre M, Zachariae R, et al. Internet-delivered mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for anxiety and depression in cancer survivors: A randomized controlled trial. Psycho-oncology. 2020;29(1):68-75."
        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Olukolade, 2017",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Onuigbo, 2019",
          "ref": "Onuigbo, L. N., Eseadi, C., Ebifa, S., Ugwu, U. C., Onyishi, C. N., & Oyeoku, E. K. (2019). Effect of rational emotive behavior therapy program on depressive symptoms among university students with blindness in Nigeria. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 37(1), 17-38. doi:10.1007/s10942-018-0297-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Otu, 2023",
          "ref": "Otu MS, Ebizie EN, Otu FM, Eseadi C. Efficacy of a counselling video blog intervention from YouTube on depression reduction among primary school teachers. Psychological Studies. 2023;68(3):335-41."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pardini, 2014 (study 2)",
          "ref": "Pardini J, Scogin F, Schriver J, Domino M, Wilson D, LaRocca M. Efficacy and process of cognitive bibliotherapy for the treatment of depression in jail and prison inmates. Psychological services 2014-11(2): 141-52. (study2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Raji, 2022",
          "ref": "Raji Lahiji, M., Sajadian, A., Haghighat, S., Zarrati, M., Dareini, H., Raji Lahiji, M., & Razmpoosh, E. (2022). Effectiveness of logotherapy and nutrition counseling on psychological status, quality of life, and dietary intake among breast cancer survivors with depressive disorder: a randomized clinical trial. Supportive Care in Cancer. doi:10.1007/s00520-022-07237-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2018",
          "ref": "Richards SH, Dickens C, Anderson R, et al. Assessing the effectiveness of Enhanced Psychological Care for patients with depressive symptoms attending cardiac rehabilitation compared with treatment as usual (CADENCE): a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial. Trials 2018; 19(1)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell, 2020",
          "ref": "Russell, A., Gaunt, D. M., Cooper, K., Barton, S., Horwood, J., Kessler, D., . . . et al. (2019). The feasibility of low-intensity psychological therapy for depression co-occurring with autism in adults: the Autism Depression Trial (ADEPT) – a pilot randomised controlled trial. Autism. doi:10.1177/1362361319889272"
        },
        {
          "study": "Serfaty, 2020",
          "ref": "Serfaty, M., King, M., Nazareth, I., Moorey, S., Aspden, T., Tookman, A., . . . Jones, L. (2019). Manualised cognitive and behavioural therapy in treating depression in advanced cancer: the CanTalk RCT. Health Technology Assessment, 23(19), 1‐106. doi:10.3310/hta23190"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Takagaki, 2016",
          "ref": "Takagaki K, Okamoto Y, Jinnin R, Mori A, Nishiyama Y, Yamamura T, et al. Behavioral activation for late adolescents with subthreshold depression: A randomized controlled trial. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2016;25(11):1171-82."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tovote, 2014",
          "ref": "Tovote KA, Fleer J, Snippe E, Peeters A, Emmelkamp PMG, Sanderman R, et al. Individual mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for treating depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2014;37(9):2427-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Victor-Aigbodion, 2023",
          "ref": "Victor-Aigbodion, V., Eseadi, C., Ardi, Z., Sewagegn, A. A., Ololo, K., Abonor, L. B., . . . Effanga, O. A. (2023). Effectiveness of rational emotive behavior therapy in reducing depression among undergraduate medical students. Medicine (Baltimore), 102(4), e32724. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000032724"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yang, 2018",
          "ref": "Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zu S, Zhao J. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: a six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. Journal of affective disorders 2018; 226: 251‐60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
      ]
    },
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      "sg": "Recruitment",
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      "refs": [
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Cukor, 2014",
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          "study": "Dao, 2011",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Dekker, 2012",
          "ref": "Dekker RL, Moser DK, Peden AR, Lennie TA. Cognitive therapy improves three-month outcomes in hospitalized patients with heart failure. Journal of cardiac failure. 2012;18(1):10-20."
        },
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          "study": "Desautels, 2018",
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        },
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          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Dunn, 2007",
          "ref": "Dunn NJ, Rehm LP, Schillaci J, Souchek J, Mehta P, Ashton CM, et al. A randomized trial of self-management and psychoeducational group therapies for comorbid chronic posttraumatic stress disorder and depressive disorder. Journal of traumatic stress. 2007;20(3):221-37."
        },
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          "study": "Ekers, 2011",
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        },
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          "ref": "El-Monshed, A. H., Khonji, L. M., Altheeb, M., Saad, M. T. E., Elsheikh, M. A., Loutfy, A., . . . Zoromba, M. A. (2024). Does a program-based cognitive behavioral therapy affect insomnia and depression in menopausal women? A randomized controlled trial. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs, 21(2), 202-215. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12707"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eseadi, 2018",
          "ref": "Eseadi C, Obidoa MA, Ogbuabor SE, Ikechukwu-Ilomuanya AB. Effects of Group-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Coaching Program on Depressive Symptoms in a Sample of Inmates in a Nigerian Prison. International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology 2018; 62(6): 1589-602."
        },
        {
          "study": "Eseadi, 2022",
          "ref": "Eseadi, C., Ilechukwu, L. C., Victor-Aigbodion, V., Sewagegn, A. A., & Amedu, A. N. (2022). Intervention for depression among undergraduate religious education students: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore), 101(41), e31034. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000031034"
        },
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          "study": "Euteneuer, 2017",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Fissler, 2016",
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        },
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          "study": "Freedland, 2015",
          "ref": "Freedland KE, Carney RM, Rich MW, Steinmeyer BC, Rubin EH. Cognitive behavior therapy for depression and self-care in heart failure patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2015;175(11):1773-82."
        },
        {
          "study": "Furukawa, 2012",
          "ref": "Furukawa TA, Horikoshi M, Kawakami N, Kadota M, Sasaki M, Sekiya Y, et al. Telephone cognitive-behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression and presenteeism in workplace: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e35330."
        },
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          "study": "Garcia, 2023",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Gawrysiak, 2009",
          "ref": "Gawrysiak M, Nicholas C, Hopko DR. Behavioral activation for moderately depressed university students: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 2009;56(3):468-75."
        },
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          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
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        },
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          "study": "Greenberg, 2018",
          "ref": "Greenberg J, Datta T, Shapero BG, Sevinc G, Mischoulon D, Lazar SW. Compassionate hearts protect against wandering minds: Self-compassion moderates the effect of mind-wandering on depression. Spirituality in Clinical Practice 2018; 5(3): 155-69."
        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Strauss, 2012",
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
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          "study": "Titov, 2010",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Tovote, 2014",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner, 2013",
          "ref": "Turner A, Hambridge J, Baker A, Bowman J, McElduff P. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behaviour therapy versus brief intervention for depression in cardiac patients. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2013;47(3):235-43."
        },
        {
          "study": "Victor-Aigbodion, 2023",
          "ref": "Victor-Aigbodion, V., Eseadi, C., Ardi, Z., Sewagegn, A. A., Ololo, K., Abonor, L. B., . . . Effanga, O. A. (2023). Effectiveness of rational emotive behavior therapy in reducing depression among undergraduate medical students. Medicine (Baltimore), 102(4), e32724. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000032724"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013b",
          "ref": "Williams C, Wilson P, Morrison J, McMahon A, Andrew W, Allan L, et al. Guided self-help cognitive behavioural therapy for depression in primary care: A randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e52735."
        },
        {
          "study": "Winnebeck, 2017",
          "ref": "Winnebeck, E., Fissler, M., Gärtner, M., Chadwick, P., & Barnhofer, T. (2017). Brief training in mindfulness meditation reduces symptoms in patients with a chronic or recurrent lifetime history of depression: A randomized controlled study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 99, 124-130. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.10.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yang, 2018",
          "ref": "Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zu S, Zhao J. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: a six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. Journal of affective disorders 2018; 226: 251‐60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 209,
      "instr": "BDI-II",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Low risk of bias",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 61,
      "k_es": 75,
      "sd": 9.721,
      "lo": 8.726,
      "hi": 10.83,
      "tau2": 0.1778,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 4.225,
      "phi": 22.368,
      "i2": 97.7,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Horrell, 2014",
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Milgrom, 2015b",
          "ref": "Milgrom J, Holt C, Holt CJ, Ross J, Ericksen J, Gemmill AW. Feasibility study and pilot randomised trial of an antenatal depression treatment with infant follow-up. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2015;18(5):717-30."
        },
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          "study": "Milgrom, 2016",
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          "study": "Milgrom, 2021",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Onuigbo, 2019",
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        },
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          "study": "Patel, 2017",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
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      "k": 143,
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 211,
      "instr": "BDI-II",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Not low risk of bias",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 83,
      "k_es": 97,
      "sd": 9.205,
      "lo": 8.543,
      "hi": 9.919,
      "tau2": 0.1108,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 4.773,
      "phi": 17.754,
      "i2": 94.7,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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        },
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 212,
      "instr": "BDI-II",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Not low risk of bias",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 143,
      "k_es": 172,
      "sd": 9.4,
      "lo": 8.819,
      "hi": 10.019,
      "tau2": 0.136,
      "tau2w": 0.0045,
      "plo": 4.496,
      "phi": 19.652,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Milgrom, 2021",
          "ref": "Milgrom, J., Danaher, B. G., Seeley, J. R., Holt, C. J., Holt, C., Ericksen, J., Tyler, M. S., Gau, J. M., & Gemmill, A. W. (2021). Internet and Face-to-face Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Postnatal Depression Compared With Treatment as Usual: Randomized Controlled Trial of MumMoodBooster. J Med Internet Res, 23(12), e17185. https://doi.org/10.2196/17185"
        },
        {
          "study": "Moldovan, 2013",
          "ref": "Moldovan R, Cobeanu O, David D. Cognitive bibliotherapy for mild depressive symptomatology: Randomized clinical trial of efficacy and mechanisms of change. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2013;20(6):482-93."
        },
        {
          "study": "Montero-Marin, 2016",
          "ref": "Montero-Marín, J., Araya, R., Pérez-Yus, M. C., Mayoral, F., Gili, M., Botella, C., . . . López-Del-Hoyo, Y. (2016). An internet-based intervention for depression in primary Care in Spain: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(8), e231. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mulcahy, 2010",
          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
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          "study": "Musa, 2021",
          "ref": "Musa, Z. A., Soh, K. L., Mukhtar, F., Soh, K. Y., Oladele, T. O., & Soh, K. G. (2021). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy among depressed individuals with disabilities in Nigeria: A randomized controlled trial. Psychiatry Res, 296, 113680. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113680"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nadort, 2022",
          "ref": "Nadort, E., Schouten, R. W., Boeschoten, R. E., Smets, Y., Chandie Shaw, P., Vleming, L. J., . . . Siegert, C. E. H. (2022). Internet-based treatment for depressive symptoms in hemodialysis patients: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 75, 46-53. doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2022.01.008"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakagawa, 2017",
          "ref": "Nakagawa, A., Mitsuda, D., Sado, M., Abe, T., Fujisawa, D., Kikuchi, T., . . . Ono, Y. (2017). Effectiveness of supplementary cognitive-behavioral therapy for pharmacotherapy-resistant depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of clinical psychiatry, 78(8), 1126-1135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakao, 2018",
          "ref": "Nakao, S., Nakagawa, A., Oguchi, Y., Mitsuda, D., Kato, N., Nakagawa, Y., Tamura, N., Kudo, Y., Abe, T., Hiyama, M., Iwashita, S., Ono, Y., & Mimura, M. Web-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Blended With Face-to-Face Sessions for Major Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(9), e10743."
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2013",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2014",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Lang T, Werner-Seidler A, Holmes E, Moulds ML. Alleviating distressing intrusive memories in depression: A comparison between computerised cognitive bias modification and cognitive behavioural education. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2014;56:60-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Niedermoser, 2020",
          "ref": "Niedermoser DW, Kalak N, Kiyhankhadiv A, et al. Workplace-Related Interpersonal Group Psychotherapy to Improve Life at Work in Individuals With Major Depressive Disorders: a Randomized Interventional Pilot Study. Frontiers in psychiatry. 2020;11."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nissen, 2020",
          "ref": "Nissen ER, O'Connor M, Kaldo V, Højris I, Borre M, Zachariae R, et al. Internet-delivered mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for anxiety and depression in cancer survivors: A randomized controlled trial. Psycho-oncology. 2020;29(1):68-75."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Mahen, 2013a",
          "ref": "O'Mahen H, Himle JA, Fedock G, Henshaw E, Flynn H. A pilot randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for perinatal depression adapted for women with low incomes. Depression and anxiety. 2013;30(7):679-87."
        },
        {
          "study": "Olukolade, 2017",
          "ref": "Olukolade, O., & Osinowo, H. (2017). Efficacy of Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapy on Poststroke Depression among Survivors of First Stroke Attack in Ibadan, Nigeria. Behavioural Neurology, 2017"
        },
        {
          "study": "Onuigbo, 2019",
          "ref": "Onuigbo, L. N., Eseadi, C., Ebifa, S., Ugwu, U. C., Onyishi, C. N., & Oyeoku, E. K. (2019). Effect of rational emotive behavior therapy program on depressive symptoms among university students with blindness in Nigeria. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 37(1), 17-38. doi:10.1007/s10942-018-0297-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Otu, 2023",
          "ref": "Otu MS, Ebizie EN, Otu FM, Eseadi C. Efficacy of a counselling video blog intervention from YouTube on depression reduction among primary school teachers. Psychological Studies. 2023;68(3):335-41."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pardini, 2014 (study 2)",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Patel, 2017",
          "ref": "Patel, V., Weobong, B., Weiss, H., Anand, A., Bhat, B., Katti, B., . . . Fairburn, C. (2017). The Healthy Activity Program (HAP), a lay counsellor-delivered brief psychological treatment for severe depression, in primary care in India: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (london, england), 389(10065), 176-185."
        },
        {
          "study": "Perini, 2009",
          "ref": "Perini S, Titov N, Andrews G. Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for depression: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;43(6):571-8."
        },
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          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Piers, 2023",
          "ref": "Piers, R. J., Farchione, T. J., Wong, B., Rosellini, A. J., & Cronin-Golomb, A. (2023). Telehealth Transdiagnostic Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression in Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Movement Disorders Clinical Practice, 10(1), 79-85. doi:10.1002/mdc3.13587"
        },
        {
          "study": "Preschl, 2012",
          "ref": "Preschl B, Maercker A, Wagner B, Forstmeier S, Banos RM, Alcaniz M, et al. Life-review therapy with computer supplements for depression in the elderly: A randomized controlled trial. Aging and Mental Health. 2012;16(8):964-74."
        },
        {
          "study": "Psarraki, 2021",
          "ref": "Psarraki, E. E., Bacopoulou, F., Panagoulias, E., Michou, M., Pelekasis, P., Artemiadis, A., . . . Darviri, C. (2021). The effects of Pythagorean Self-Awareness Intervention on patients with major depressive disorder: A pilot randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res, 138, 326-334. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.067"
        },
        {
          "study": "Raji, 2022",
          "ref": "Raji Lahiji, M., Sajadian, A., Haghighat, S., Zarrati, M., Dareini, H., Raji Lahiji, M., & Razmpoosh, E. (2022). Effectiveness of logotherapy and nutrition counseling on psychological status, quality of life, and dietary intake among breast cancer survivors with depressive disorder: a randomized clinical trial. Supportive Care in Cancer. doi:10.1007/s00520-022-07237-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ransom, 2008",
          "ref": "Ransom D, Heckman TG, Anderson T, Garske J, Holroyd K, Basta T. Telephone-delivered, interpersonal psychotherapy for HIV-infected rural persons with depression: A pilot trial. Psychiatric Services. 2008;59(8):871-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Raya-Tena, 2021",
          "ref": "Raya-Tena, A., Fernández-San-Martin, M. I., Martin-Royo, J., Casañas, R., Sauch-Valmaña, G., Cols-Sagarra, C., . . . Jiménez-Herrera, M. F. (2021). Effectiveness of a Psychoeducational Group Intervention Carried Out by Nurses for Patients with Depression and Physical Comorbidity in Primary Care: Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(6). doi:10.3390/ijerph18062948"
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2012",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., & Hevey, D. (2013). A comparison of two online cognitive-behavioural interventions for symptoms of depression in a student population: The role of therapist responsiveness. Counselling & Psychotherapy Research, 13(3), 184-193. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2013-30909-004&site=ehost-live ORCID: 0000-0003-2844-0449 ORCID: 0000-0003-2785-0753 ORCID: 0000-0003-0871-4078 derek.richards@tcd.ie"
        },
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          "study": "Richards, 2015",
          "ref": "Richards D, Timulak L, O'Brien E, Hayes C, Vigano N, Sharry J, et al. A randomized controlled trial of an internet-delivered treatment: Its potential as a low-intensity community intervention for adults with symptoms of depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2015;75:20-31."
        },
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          "study": "Richards, 2018",
          "ref": "Richards SH, Dickens C, Anderson R, et al. Assessing the effectiveness of Enhanced Psychological Care for patients with depressive symptoms attending cardiac rehabilitation compared with treatment as usual (CADENCE): a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial. Trials 2018; 19(1)."
        },
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          "study": "Rief, 2018",
          "ref": "Rief W, Bleichhardt G, Dannehl K, Euteneuer F, Wambach K. Comparing the Efficacy of CBASP with Two Versions of CBT for Depression in a Routine Care Center: a Randomized Clinical Trial. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics 2018;"
        },
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          "study": "Ritvo, 2021",
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        },
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          "ref": "Rogiers, R., Baeken, C., Van den Abbeele, D., Watkins, E. R., Remue, J., Colman, R., . . . Lemmens, G. M. D. (2022). Group intervention ‘Drop It!’ decreases repetitive negative thinking in major depressive disorder and/or generalized anxiety disorder: A randomised controlled study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 46(1), 182-196. doi:10.1007/s10608-021-10240-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rohan, 2007",
          "ref": "Rohan KJ, Roecklein KA, Lindsey KT, Johnson LG, Lippy RD, Lacy TJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, and their combination for seasonal affective disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2007;75(3):489-500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell, 2020",
          "ref": "Russell, A., Gaunt, D. M., Cooper, K., Barton, S., Horwood, J., Kessler, D., . . . et al. (2019). The feasibility of low-intensity psychological therapy for depression co-occurring with autism in adults: the Autism Depression Trial (ADEPT) – a pilot randomised controlled trial. Autism. doi:10.1177/1362361319889272"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sandoval, 2017",
          "ref": "Sandoval, L., Buckey, J., Ainslie, R., Tombari, M., Stone, W., & Hegel, M. (2017). Randomized Controlled Trial of a Computerized Interactive Media-Based Problem Solving Treatment for Depression. Behavior Therapy, 48(3), 413-425."
        },
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          "study": "Savari, 2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Schmidt, 2012",
          "ref": "Schmidt, N. B., Buckner, J. D., Pusser, A., Woolaway-Bickel, K., Preston, J. L., & Norr, A. (2012). Randomized controlled trial of false safety behavior elimination therapy: a unified cognitive behavioral treatment for anxiety psychopathology. Behav Ther, 43(3), 518-532. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2012.02.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Serfaty, 2009",
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        },
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          "study": "Serfaty, 2020",
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        },
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          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
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          "study": "Spek, 2007",
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Strauss, 2012",
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Talbot, 2011",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tovote, 2014",
          "ref": "Tovote KA, Fleer J, Snippe E, Peeters A, Emmelkamp PMG, Sanderman R, et al. Individual mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for treating depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2014;37(9):2427-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
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          "study": "Turner, 2013",
          "ref": "Turner A, Hambridge J, Baker A, Bowman J, McElduff P. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behaviour therapy versus brief intervention for depression in cardiac patients. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2013;47(3):235-43."
        },
        {
          "study": "Victor-Aigbodion, 2023",
          "ref": "Victor-Aigbodion, V., Eseadi, C., Ardi, Z., Sewagegn, A. A., Ololo, K., Abonor, L. B., . . . Effanga, O. A. (2023). Effectiveness of rational emotive behavior therapy in reducing depression among undergraduate medical students. Medicine (Baltimore), 102(4), e32724. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000032724"
        },
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          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
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        },
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          "study": "Williams, 2013",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
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          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 213,
      "instr": "BPRS negative",
      "full": "Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (negative)",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 8,
      "k_es": 10,
      "sd": 2.385,
      "lo": 1.643,
      "hi": 3.461,
      "tau2": 0.2712,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 0.805,
      "phi": 7.068,
      "i2": 96.7,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Horan,2018",
          "ref": "Horan, W. P., Dolinsky, M., Lee, J., Kern, R. S., Hellemann, G., Sugar, C. A., Glynn, S. M., & Green, M. F. (2018). Social Cognitive Skills Training for Psychosis With Community-Based Training Exercises: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Schizophr Bull, 44(6), 1254-1266. https://doi.org/doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Khazaal,2015",
          "ref": "Khazaal, Y., Chatton, A., Dieben, K., Huguelet, P., Boucherie, M., Monney, G., ... & Favrod, J. (2015). Reducing delusional conviction through a cognitive-based group training game: a multicentre randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in psychiatry, 6, 66."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lopez-Leungo,2016",
          "ref": "Lopez-Luengo, B., & Muela-Martinez, J. A. (2016). Preliminary study of a rehabilitation program based on attentional processes to treat auditory hallucinations. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 21(4), 315-334. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mazza,2010",
          "ref": "Mazza, M., Lucci, G., Pacitti, F., Pino, M. C., Mariano, M., Casacchia, M., & Roncone, R. (2010). Could schizophrenic subjects improve their social cognition abilities only with observation and imitation of social situations? Neuropsychological rehabilitation, 20(5), 675-703. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pino,2015",
          "ref": "Pino, M. C., Pettinelli, M., Clementi, D., Gianfelice, C., & Mazza, M. (2015). IMPROVEMENT IN COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE THEORY OF MIND WITH OBSERVATION AND IMITATION TREATMENT IN SUBJECTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA. Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 12(3)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Roncone,2004",
          "ref": "Roncone, R., Mazza, M., Frangou, I., De Risio, A., Ussorio, D., Tozzini, C., & Casacchia, M. (2004). Rehabilitation of theory of mind deficit in schizophrenia: a pilot study of metacognitive strategies in group treatment. Neuropsychological rehabilitation, 14(4), 421-435."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ruiz-Iriondo,2020",
          "ref": "Ruiz-Iriondo, M., Salaberría, K., Polo-López, R., Iruin, Á., & Echeburúa, E. (2020). Improving clinical symptoms, functioning, and quality of life in chronic schizophrenia with an integrated psychological therapy (IPT) plus emotional management training (EMT): A controlled clinical trial. Psychother Res, 30(8), 1026-1038. https://doi.org/doi:10.1080/10503307.2019.1683634 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Shin,2002",
          "ref": "Shin S-K, Lukens EP. Effects of psychoeducation for Korean Americans with chronic mental illness. Psychiatr Serv. 2002;53(9):1125–31."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 214,
      "instr": "BPRS negative",
      "full": "Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (negative)",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Three-level CHE model",
      "k": 8,
      "k_es": 10,
      "sd": 2.385,
      "lo": 1.521,
      "hi": 3.741,
      "tau2": 0.2712,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 0.805,
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      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        }
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        },
        {
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        {
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        {
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        {
          "study": "Aivalioti,2022",
          "ref": "Aivalioti, E. I., Simos, P., Basta, M., & Vgontzas, A. N. (2022). Brief Solution Focused Therapy on schizophrenia: A preliminary study of family characteristics and psychopathology. Psychiatrike = Psychiatriki. https://doi.org/doi:10.22365/jpsych.2022.085 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Awan,2017",
          "ref": "Awan, N. R., Jehangir, S. F., Irfan, M., Naeem, F., & Farooq, S. (2017). Explanatory model of illness of the patients with schizophrenia and the role of educational intervention. Schizophr Res, 190, 68-73. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.03.006 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bradley,2006",
          "ref": "Bradley GM, Couchman GM, Perlesz A, Nguyen AT, Singh B, Riess C. Multiple-family group treatment for families living with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2006;57(4):521–30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chan,2009",
          "ref": "Chan SW, Yip B, Tso S, Cheng B, Tam W. Evaluation of a psychoeducation program for Chinese clients with schizophrenia and their family caregivers. Patient Educ Couns. 2009;75:67–76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2013a",
          "ref": "Chien 2013a: Chien WT, Lee IYM. The mindfulness-based psychoeducation program for Chinese patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2013;64(4)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2013c",
          "ref": "Chien, W. T., & Leung, S. F. (2013). A controlled trial of a needs‐based, nurse‐led psychoeducation programme for C hinese patients with first‐onset mental disorders: 6 month follow up. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 19, 3-13. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2014",
          "ref": "Chien WT, Thompson DR. Effects of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation programme for Chinese patients with schizophrenia: 2-year follow-up. Br J Psychiatry. 2014;205:52–9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dickinson,2010",
          "ref": "Dickinson D, Ph D, Tenhula W, Ph D, Morris S, Ph D, et al. A randomized , controlled trial of computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:170–80."
        },
        {
          "study": "England,2007",
          "ref": "England M. Efficacy of cognitive nursing intervention for voice hearing. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2007;43(2):69–76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Garcia,2003",
          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gaudiano,2023",
          "ref": "Gaudiano, B. A., Ellenberg, S., Johnson, J. E., Mueser, K. T., & Miller, I. W. (2023). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for inpatients with psychosis: Implementation feasibility and acceptability from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Schizophrenia Research, 261, 72-79. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.017"
        },
        {
          "study": "Haddock,1999",
          "ref": "Haddock G, Tarrier N, Morrison AP, Hopkins R, Drake R, Lewis S. A pilot study evaluating the effectiveness of individual inpatient cognitive-behavioural therapy in early psychosis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1999;34:254–8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes,1995",
          "ref": "Hayes RL, Halford WK, Varghese FT. Social skills training with chronic schizophrenic patients: Effects on _negative symptoms and community functioning. Behav Ther. 1995;26:433–49."
        },
        {
          "study": "Horan,2018",
          "ref": "Horan, W. P., Dolinsky, M., Lee, J., Kern, R. S., Hellemann, G., Sugar, C. A., Glynn, S. M., & Green, M. F. (2018). Social Cognitive Skills Training for Psychosis With Community-Based Training Exercises: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Schizophr Bull, 44(6), 1254-1266. https://doi.org/doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Iuso,2023",
          "ref": "Iuso, S., Severo, M., Trotta, N., Ventriglio, A., Fiore, P., Bellomo, A., & Petito, A. (2023). Improvements in Treatment Adherence after Family Psychoeducation in Patients Affected by Psychosis: Preliminary Findings. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 13(10). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/jpm13101437"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jovanović,2022",
          "ref": "Jovanović, N., Russo, M., Pemovska, T., Francis, J. J., Arenliu, A., Bajraktarov, S., Džubur Kulenović, A., Injac Stevović, L., Novotni, A., Andrić Petrović, S., Radojičić, T., Ribić, E., Konjufca, J., & Marić, N. P. (2022). Improving treatment of patients with psychosis in low-and-middle-income countries in Southeast Europe: Results from a hybrid effectiveness-implementation, pragmatic, cluster-randomized clinical trial (IMPULSE). Eur Psychiatry, 65(1), e50. https://doi.org/doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2302 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kuipers,1997",
          "ref": "Kuipers E, Garety PA, Fowler D, Dunn G, Bebbington P, Freeman D, et al. London-East Anglia randomised controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for psychosis. Br J Psychiatry. 1997;171:319–27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Li,2018",
          "ref": "Li, J., Huang, Y. G., Ran, M. S., Fan, Y., Chen, W., Evans-Lacko, S., & Thornicroft, G. (2018). Community-based comprehensive intervention for people with schizophrenia in Guangzhou, China: Effects on clinical symptoms, social functioning, internalized stigma and discrimination. Asian J Psychiatr, 34, 21-30. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2018.04.017 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Lopez-Luengo,2016",
          "ref": "Lopez-Luengo, B., & Muela-Martinez, J. A. (2016). Preliminary study of a rehabilitation program based on attentional processes to treat auditory hallucinations. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 21(4), 315-334. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Marchira,2019",
          "ref": "Marchira, C. R., Supriyanto, I., Sub, i, S., Good, M. J. D., & Good, B. J. (2019). Brief interactive psychoeducation for caregivers of patients with early phase psychosis in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 13(3), 469-476. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/eip.12506 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mazza,2010",
          "ref": "Mazza, M., Lucci, G., Pacitti, F., Pino, M. C., Mariano, M., Casacchia, M., & Roncone, R. (2010). Could schizophrenic subjects improve their social cognition abilities only with observation and imitation of social situations? Neuropsychological rehabilitation, 20(5), 675-703. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ng,2006",
          "ref": "Ng RMK, Cheung MSL. Social skills training in Hong Kong Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia. Hong Kong J Pscyhiatry. 2006;16(1):14–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pinto,1999",
          "ref": "Pinto, A., Pia, S. L., Mennella, R., Giorgio, D., & DeSimone, L. (1999). Rehab rounds: cognitive-behavioral therapy and clozapine for clients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services, 50(7), 901-904. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ruiz-Iriondo,2020",
          "ref": "Ruiz-Iriondo, M., Salaberría, K., Polo-López, R., Iruin, Á., & Echeburúa, E. (2020). Improving clinical symptoms, functioning, and quality of life in chronic schizophrenia with an integrated psychological therapy (IPT) plus emotional management training (EMT): A controlled clinical trial. Psychother Res, 30(8), 1026-1038. https://doi.org/doi:10.1080/10503307.2019.1683634 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaub,2016",
          "ref": "Schaub A, Mueser KT, Werder T Von, Engel R, Möller H, Falkai P. A randomized controlled trial of group coping-oriented therapy vs supportive therapy in schizophrenia : Results of a 2- Year Follow-up. Schizophr Bull. 2016;42(1):s71-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shin,2002",
          "ref": "Shin S-K, Lukens EP. Effects of psychoeducation for Korean Americans with chronic mental illness. Psychiatr Serv. 2002;53(9):1125–31."
        },
        {
          "study": "Startup,2004",
          "ref": "Startup M, Jackson MC, Bendix S. North Wales randomized controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy for acute schizophrenia spectrum disorders : outcomes at 6 and 12 months. Psychol Med. 2004;34:413–22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Velligan,2015",
          "ref": "Velligan DI, Tai S, Roberts DL, Maples-Aguilar N, Brown M, Mintz J, et al. A randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive behavior therapy , cognitive adaptation training , their combination and treatment as usual in chronic schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2015;41(3):597–603."
        },
        {
          "study": "Weisman de Mamani,2014",
          "ref": "Weisman de Mamani, A., Weintraub, M. J., Gurak, K., & Maura, J. (2014). A randomized clinical trial to test the efficacy of a family-focused, culturally informed therapy for schizophrenia. Journal of Family Psychology, 28(6), 800. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wykes,1999",
          "ref": "Wykes T, Reeder C, Corner J, Wuliams C, Everitt B. The effects of neurocognitive remediation on executive processing in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1999;25(2):291–308."
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        },
        {
          "study": "Awan,2017",
          "ref": "Awan, N. R., Jehangir, S. F., Irfan, M., Naeem, F., & Farooq, S. (2017). Explanatory model of illness of the patients with schizophrenia and the role of educational intervention. Schizophr Res, 190, 68-73. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.03.006 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bradley,2006",
          "ref": "Bradley GM, Couchman GM, Perlesz A, Nguyen AT, Singh B, Riess C. Multiple-family group treatment for families living with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2006;57(4):521–30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chan,2009",
          "ref": "Chan SW, Yip B, Tso S, Cheng B, Tam W. Evaluation of a psychoeducation program for Chinese clients with schizophrenia and their family caregivers. Patient Educ Couns. 2009;75:67–76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2013a",
          "ref": "Chien 2013a: Chien WT, Lee IYM. The mindfulness-based psychoeducation program for Chinese patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2013;64(4)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2013c",
          "ref": "Chien, W. T., & Leung, S. F. (2013). A controlled trial of a needs‐based, nurse‐led psychoeducation programme for C hinese patients with first‐onset mental disorders: 6 month follow up. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 19, 3-13. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2014",
          "ref": "Chien WT, Thompson DR. Effects of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation programme for Chinese patients with schizophrenia: 2-year follow-up. Br J Psychiatry. 2014;205:52–9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dickinson,2010",
          "ref": "Dickinson D, Ph D, Tenhula W, Ph D, Morris S, Ph D, et al. A randomized , controlled trial of computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:170–80."
        },
        {
          "study": "England,2007",
          "ref": "England M. Efficacy of cognitive nursing intervention for voice hearing. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2007;43(2):69–76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Garcia,2003",
          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gaudiano,2023",
          "ref": "Gaudiano, B. A., Ellenberg, S., Johnson, J. E., Mueser, K. T., & Miller, I. W. (2023). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for inpatients with psychosis: Implementation feasibility and acceptability from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Schizophrenia Research, 261, 72-79. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.017"
        },
        {
          "study": "Haddock,1999",
          "ref": "Haddock G, Tarrier N, Morrison AP, Hopkins R, Drake R, Lewis S. A pilot study evaluating the effectiveness of individual inpatient cognitive-behavioural therapy in early psychosis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1999;34:254–8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes,1995",
          "ref": "Hayes RL, Halford WK, Varghese FT. Social skills training with chronic schizophrenic patients: Effects on _negative symptoms and community functioning. Behav Ther. 1995;26:433–49."
        },
        {
          "study": "Horan,2018",
          "ref": "Horan, W. P., Dolinsky, M., Lee, J., Kern, R. S., Hellemann, G., Sugar, C. A., Glynn, S. M., & Green, M. F. (2018). Social Cognitive Skills Training for Psychosis With Community-Based Training Exercises: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Schizophr Bull, 44(6), 1254-1266. https://doi.org/doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Iuso,2023",
          "ref": "Iuso, S., Severo, M., Trotta, N., Ventriglio, A., Fiore, P., Bellomo, A., & Petito, A. (2023). Improvements in Treatment Adherence after Family Psychoeducation in Patients Affected by Psychosis: Preliminary Findings. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 13(10). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/jpm13101437"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jovanović,2022",
          "ref": "Jovanović, N., Russo, M., Pemovska, T., Francis, J. J., Arenliu, A., Bajraktarov, S., Džubur Kulenović, A., Injac Stevović, L., Novotni, A., Andrić Petrović, S., Radojičić, T., Ribić, E., Konjufca, J., & Marić, N. P. (2022). Improving treatment of patients with psychosis in low-and-middle-income countries in Southeast Europe: Results from a hybrid effectiveness-implementation, pragmatic, cluster-randomized clinical trial (IMPULSE). Eur Psychiatry, 65(1), e50. https://doi.org/doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2302 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kuipers,1997",
          "ref": "Kuipers E, Garety PA, Fowler D, Dunn G, Bebbington P, Freeman D, et al. London-East Anglia randomised controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for psychosis. Br J Psychiatry. 1997;171:319–27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Li,2018",
          "ref": "Li, J., Huang, Y. G., Ran, M. S., Fan, Y., Chen, W., Evans-Lacko, S., & Thornicroft, G. (2018). Community-based comprehensive intervention for people with schizophrenia in Guangzhou, China: Effects on clinical symptoms, social functioning, internalized stigma and discrimination. Asian J Psychiatr, 34, 21-30. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2018.04.017 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Lopez-Luengo,2016",
          "ref": "Lopez-Luengo, B., & Muela-Martinez, J. A. (2016). Preliminary study of a rehabilitation program based on attentional processes to treat auditory hallucinations. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 21(4), 315-334. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Marchira,2019",
          "ref": "Marchira, C. R., Supriyanto, I., Sub, i, S., Good, M. J. D., & Good, B. J. (2019). Brief interactive psychoeducation for caregivers of patients with early phase psychosis in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 13(3), 469-476. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/eip.12506 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mazza,2010",
          "ref": "Mazza, M., Lucci, G., Pacitti, F., Pino, M. C., Mariano, M., Casacchia, M., & Roncone, R. (2010). Could schizophrenic subjects improve their social cognition abilities only with observation and imitation of social situations? Neuropsychological rehabilitation, 20(5), 675-703. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ng,2006",
          "ref": "Ng RMK, Cheung MSL. Social skills training in Hong Kong Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia. Hong Kong J Pscyhiatry. 2006;16(1):14–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pinto,1999",
          "ref": "Pinto, A., Pia, S. L., Mennella, R., Giorgio, D., & DeSimone, L. (1999). Rehab rounds: cognitive-behavioral therapy and clozapine for clients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services, 50(7), 901-904. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ruiz-Iriondo,2020",
          "ref": "Ruiz-Iriondo, M., Salaberría, K., Polo-López, R., Iruin, Á., & Echeburúa, E. (2020). Improving clinical symptoms, functioning, and quality of life in chronic schizophrenia with an integrated psychological therapy (IPT) plus emotional management training (EMT): A controlled clinical trial. Psychother Res, 30(8), 1026-1038. https://doi.org/doi:10.1080/10503307.2019.1683634 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaub,2016",
          "ref": "Schaub A, Mueser KT, Werder T Von, Engel R, Möller H, Falkai P. A randomized controlled trial of group coping-oriented therapy vs supportive therapy in schizophrenia : Results of a 2- Year Follow-up. Schizophr Bull. 2016;42(1):s71-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shin,2002",
          "ref": "Shin S-K, Lukens EP. Effects of psychoeducation for Korean Americans with chronic mental illness. Psychiatr Serv. 2002;53(9):1125–31."
        },
        {
          "study": "Startup,2004",
          "ref": "Startup M, Jackson MC, Bendix S. North Wales randomized controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy for acute schizophrenia spectrum disorders : outcomes at 6 and 12 months. Psychol Med. 2004;34:413–22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Velligan,2015",
          "ref": "Velligan DI, Tai S, Roberts DL, Maples-Aguilar N, Brown M, Mintz J, et al. A randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive behavior therapy , cognitive adaptation training , their combination and treatment as usual in chronic schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2015;41(3):597–603."
        },
        {
          "study": "Weisman de Mamani,2014",
          "ref": "Weisman de Mamani, A., Weintraub, M. J., Gurak, K., & Maura, J. (2014). A randomized clinical trial to test the efficacy of a family-focused, culturally informed therapy for schizophrenia. Journal of Family Psychology, 28(6), 800. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wykes,1999",
          "ref": "Wykes T, Reeder C, Corner J, Wuliams C, Everitt B. The effects of neurocognitive remediation on executive processing in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1999;25(2):291–308."
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        {
          "study": "Aivalioti,2022",
          "ref": "Aivalioti, E. I., Simos, P., Basta, M., & Vgontzas, A. N. (2022). Brief Solution Focused Therapy on schizophrenia: A preliminary study of family characteristics and psychopathology. Psychiatrike = Psychiatriki. https://doi.org/doi:10.22365/jpsych.2022.085 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Awan,2017",
          "ref": "Awan, N. R., Jehangir, S. F., Irfan, M., Naeem, F., & Farooq, S. (2017). Explanatory model of illness of the patients with schizophrenia and the role of educational intervention. Schizophr Res, 190, 68-73. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.03.006 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bradley,2006",
          "ref": "Bradley GM, Couchman GM, Perlesz A, Nguyen AT, Singh B, Riess C. Multiple-family group treatment for families living with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2006;57(4):521–30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chan,2009",
          "ref": "Chan SW, Yip B, Tso S, Cheng B, Tam W. Evaluation of a psychoeducation program for Chinese clients with schizophrenia and their family caregivers. Patient Educ Couns. 2009;75:67–76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2013a",
          "ref": "Chien 2013a: Chien WT, Lee IYM. The mindfulness-based psychoeducation program for Chinese patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2013;64(4)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2013c",
          "ref": "Chien, W. T., & Leung, S. F. (2013). A controlled trial of a needs‐based, nurse‐led psychoeducation programme for C hinese patients with first‐onset mental disorders: 6 month follow up. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 19, 3-13. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2014",
          "ref": "Chien WT, Thompson DR. Effects of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation programme for Chinese patients with schizophrenia: 2-year follow-up. Br J Psychiatry. 2014;205:52–9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dickinson,2010",
          "ref": "Dickinson D, Ph D, Tenhula W, Ph D, Morris S, Ph D, et al. A randomized , controlled trial of computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:170–80."
        },
        {
          "study": "England,2007",
          "ref": "England M. Efficacy of cognitive nursing intervention for voice hearing. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2007;43(2):69–76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Garcia,2003",
          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gaudiano,2023",
          "ref": "Gaudiano, B. A., Ellenberg, S., Johnson, J. E., Mueser, K. T., & Miller, I. W. (2023). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for inpatients with psychosis: Implementation feasibility and acceptability from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Schizophrenia Research, 261, 72-79. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.017"
        },
        {
          "study": "Haddock,1999",
          "ref": "Haddock G, Tarrier N, Morrison AP, Hopkins R, Drake R, Lewis S. A pilot study evaluating the effectiveness of individual inpatient cognitive-behavioural therapy in early psychosis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1999;34:254–8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes,1995",
          "ref": "Hayes RL, Halford WK, Varghese FT. Social skills training with chronic schizophrenic patients: Effects on _negative symptoms and community functioning. Behav Ther. 1995;26:433–49."
        },
        {
          "study": "Horan,2018",
          "ref": "Horan, W. P., Dolinsky, M., Lee, J., Kern, R. S., Hellemann, G., Sugar, C. A., Glynn, S. M., & Green, M. F. (2018). Social Cognitive Skills Training for Psychosis With Community-Based Training Exercises: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Schizophr Bull, 44(6), 1254-1266. https://doi.org/doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Iuso,2023",
          "ref": "Iuso, S., Severo, M., Trotta, N., Ventriglio, A., Fiore, P., Bellomo, A., & Petito, A. (2023). Improvements in Treatment Adherence after Family Psychoeducation in Patients Affected by Psychosis: Preliminary Findings. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 13(10). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/jpm13101437"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jovanović,2022",
          "ref": "Jovanović, N., Russo, M., Pemovska, T., Francis, J. J., Arenliu, A., Bajraktarov, S., Džubur Kulenović, A., Injac Stevović, L., Novotni, A., Andrić Petrović, S., Radojičić, T., Ribić, E., Konjufca, J., & Marić, N. P. (2022). Improving treatment of patients with psychosis in low-and-middle-income countries in Southeast Europe: Results from a hybrid effectiveness-implementation, pragmatic, cluster-randomized clinical trial (IMPULSE). Eur Psychiatry, 65(1), e50. https://doi.org/doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2302 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kuipers,1997",
          "ref": "Kuipers E, Garety PA, Fowler D, Dunn G, Bebbington P, Freeman D, et al. London-East Anglia randomised controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for psychosis. Br J Psychiatry. 1997;171:319–27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Li,2018",
          "ref": "Li, J., Huang, Y. G., Ran, M. S., Fan, Y., Chen, W., Evans-Lacko, S., & Thornicroft, G. (2018). Community-based comprehensive intervention for people with schizophrenia in Guangzhou, China: Effects on clinical symptoms, social functioning, internalized stigma and discrimination. Asian J Psychiatr, 34, 21-30. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2018.04.017 "
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          "ref": "Lopez-Luengo, B., & Muela-Martinez, J. A. (2016). Preliminary study of a rehabilitation program based on attentional processes to treat auditory hallucinations. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 21(4), 315-334. "
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          "ref": "Marchira, C. R., Supriyanto, I., Sub, i, S., Good, M. J. D., & Good, B. J. (2019). Brief interactive psychoeducation for caregivers of patients with early phase psychosis in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 13(3), 469-476. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/eip.12506 "
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          "ref": "Mazza, M., Lucci, G., Pacitti, F., Pino, M. C., Mariano, M., Casacchia, M., & Roncone, R. (2010). Could schizophrenic subjects improve their social cognition abilities only with observation and imitation of social situations? Neuropsychological rehabilitation, 20(5), 675-703. "
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          "study": "Ng,2006",
          "ref": "Ng RMK, Cheung MSL. Social skills training in Hong Kong Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia. Hong Kong J Pscyhiatry. 2006;16(1):14–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pinto,1999",
          "ref": "Pinto, A., Pia, S. L., Mennella, R., Giorgio, D., & DeSimone, L. (1999). Rehab rounds: cognitive-behavioral therapy and clozapine for clients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services, 50(7), 901-904. "
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          "study": "Ruiz-Iriondo,2020",
          "ref": "Ruiz-Iriondo, M., Salaberría, K., Polo-López, R., Iruin, Á., & Echeburúa, E. (2020). Improving clinical symptoms, functioning, and quality of life in chronic schizophrenia with an integrated psychological therapy (IPT) plus emotional management training (EMT): A controlled clinical trial. Psychother Res, 30(8), 1026-1038. https://doi.org/doi:10.1080/10503307.2019.1683634 "
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          "ref": "Schaub A, Mueser KT, Werder T Von, Engel R, Möller H, Falkai P. A randomized controlled trial of group coping-oriented therapy vs supportive therapy in schizophrenia : Results of a 2- Year Follow-up. Schizophr Bull. 2016;42(1):s71-80."
        },
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          "ref": "Shin S-K, Lukens EP. Effects of psychoeducation for Korean Americans with chronic mental illness. Psychiatr Serv. 2002;53(9):1125–31."
        },
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          "ref": "Startup M, Jackson MC, Bendix S. North Wales randomized controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy for acute schizophrenia spectrum disorders : outcomes at 6 and 12 months. Psychol Med. 2004;34:413–22."
        },
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          "study": "Velligan,2015",
          "ref": "Velligan DI, Tai S, Roberts DL, Maples-Aguilar N, Brown M, Mintz J, et al. A randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive behavior therapy , cognitive adaptation training , their combination and treatment as usual in chronic schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2015;41(3):597–603."
        },
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          "ref": "Weisman de Mamani, A., Weintraub, M. J., Gurak, K., & Maura, J. (2014). A randomized clinical trial to test the efficacy of a family-focused, culturally informed therapy for schizophrenia. Journal of Family Psychology, 28(6), 800. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wykes,1999",
          "ref": "Wykes T, Reeder C, Corner J, Wuliams C, Everitt B. The effects of neurocognitive remediation on executive processing in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1999;25(2):291–308."
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        {
          "study": "Aivalioti,2022",
          "ref": "Aivalioti, E. I., Simos, P., Basta, M., & Vgontzas, A. N. (2022). Brief Solution Focused Therapy on schizophrenia: A preliminary study of family characteristics and psychopathology. Psychiatrike = Psychiatriki. https://doi.org/doi:10.22365/jpsych.2022.085 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bradley,2006",
          "ref": "Bradley GM, Couchman GM, Perlesz A, Nguyen AT, Singh B, Riess C. Multiple-family group treatment for families living with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2006;57(4):521–30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chan,2009",
          "ref": "Chan SW, Yip B, Tso S, Cheng B, Tam W. Evaluation of a psychoeducation program for Chinese clients with schizophrenia and their family caregivers. Patient Educ Couns. 2009;75:67–76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2014",
          "ref": "Chien WT, Thompson DR. Effects of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation programme for Chinese patients with schizophrenia: 2-year follow-up. Br J Psychiatry. 2014;205:52–9."
        },
        {
          "study": "England,2007",
          "ref": "England M. Efficacy of cognitive nursing intervention for voice hearing. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2007;43(2):69–76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Garcia,2003",
          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gaudiano,2023",
          "ref": "Gaudiano, B. A., Ellenberg, S., Johnson, J. E., Mueser, K. T., & Miller, I. W. (2023). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for inpatients with psychosis: Implementation feasibility and acceptability from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Schizophrenia Research, 261, 72-79. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.017"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes,1995",
          "ref": "Hayes RL, Halford WK, Varghese FT. Social skills training with chronic schizophrenic patients: Effects on _negative symptoms and community functioning. Behav Ther. 1995;26:433–49."
        },
        {
          "study": "Horan,2018",
          "ref": "Horan, W. P., Dolinsky, M., Lee, J., Kern, R. S., Hellemann, G., Sugar, C. A., Glynn, S. M., & Green, M. F. (2018). Social Cognitive Skills Training for Psychosis With Community-Based Training Exercises: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Schizophr Bull, 44(6), 1254-1266. https://doi.org/doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kuipers,1997",
          "ref": "Kuipers E, Garety PA, Fowler D, Dunn G, Bebbington P, Freeman D, et al. London-East Anglia randomised controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for psychosis. Br J Psychiatry. 1997;171:319–27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Li,2018",
          "ref": "Li, J., Huang, Y. G., Ran, M. S., Fan, Y., Chen, W., Evans-Lacko, S., & Thornicroft, G. (2018). Community-based comprehensive intervention for people with schizophrenia in Guangzhou, China: Effects on clinical symptoms, social functioning, internalized stigma and discrimination. Asian J Psychiatr, 34, 21-30. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2018.04.017 "
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Lopez-Luengo, B., & Muela-Martinez, J. A. (2016). Preliminary study of a rehabilitation program based on attentional processes to treat auditory hallucinations. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 21(4), 315-334. "
        },
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          "study": "Ng,2006",
          "ref": "Ng RMK, Cheung MSL. Social skills training in Hong Kong Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia. Hong Kong J Pscyhiatry. 2006;16(1):14–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pinto,1999",
          "ref": "Pinto, A., Pia, S. L., Mennella, R., Giorgio, D., & DeSimone, L. (1999). Rehab rounds: cognitive-behavioral therapy and clozapine for clients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services, 50(7), 901-904. "
        },
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          "study": "Ruiz-Iriondo,2020",
          "ref": "Ruiz-Iriondo, M., Salaberría, K., Polo-López, R., Iruin, Á., & Echeburúa, E. (2020). Improving clinical symptoms, functioning, and quality of life in chronic schizophrenia with an integrated psychological therapy (IPT) plus emotional management training (EMT): A controlled clinical trial. Psychother Res, 30(8), 1026-1038. https://doi.org/doi:10.1080/10503307.2019.1683634 "
        },
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          "study": "Shin,2002",
          "ref": "Shin S-K, Lukens EP. Effects of psychoeducation for Korean Americans with chronic mental illness. Psychiatr Serv. 2002;53(9):1125–31."
        },
        {
          "study": "Startup,2004",
          "ref": "Startup M, Jackson MC, Bendix S. North Wales randomized controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy for acute schizophrenia spectrum disorders : outcomes at 6 and 12 months. Psychol Med. 2004;34:413–22."
        },
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        {
          "study": "Aivalioti,2022",
          "ref": "Aivalioti, E. I., Simos, P., Basta, M., & Vgontzas, A. N. (2022). Brief Solution Focused Therapy on schizophrenia: A preliminary study of family characteristics and psychopathology. Psychiatrike = Psychiatriki. https://doi.org/doi:10.22365/jpsych.2022.085 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Awan,2017",
          "ref": "Awan, N. R., Jehangir, S. F., Irfan, M., Naeem, F., & Farooq, S. (2017). Explanatory model of illness of the patients with schizophrenia and the role of educational intervention. Schizophr Res, 190, 68-73. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.03.006 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bradley,2006",
          "ref": "Bradley GM, Couchman GM, Perlesz A, Nguyen AT, Singh B, Riess C. Multiple-family group treatment for families living with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2006;57(4):521–30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chan,2009",
          "ref": "Chan SW, Yip B, Tso S, Cheng B, Tam W. Evaluation of a psychoeducation program for Chinese clients with schizophrenia and their family caregivers. Patient Educ Couns. 2009;75:67–76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2013a",
          "ref": "Chien 2013a: Chien WT, Lee IYM. The mindfulness-based psychoeducation program for Chinese patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2013;64(4)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2013c",
          "ref": "Chien, W. T., & Leung, S. F. (2013). A controlled trial of a needs‐based, nurse‐led psychoeducation programme for C hinese patients with first‐onset mental disorders: 6 month follow up. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 19, 3-13. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2014",
          "ref": "Chien WT, Thompson DR. Effects of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation programme for Chinese patients with schizophrenia: 2-year follow-up. Br J Psychiatry. 2014;205:52–9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dickinson,2010",
          "ref": "Dickinson D, Ph D, Tenhula W, Ph D, Morris S, Ph D, et al. A randomized , controlled trial of computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:170–80."
        },
        {
          "study": "England,2007",
          "ref": "England M. Efficacy of cognitive nursing intervention for voice hearing. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2007;43(2):69–76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Garcia,2003",
          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gaudiano,2023",
          "ref": "Gaudiano, B. A., Ellenberg, S., Johnson, J. E., Mueser, K. T., & Miller, I. W. (2023). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for inpatients with psychosis: Implementation feasibility and acceptability from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Schizophrenia Research, 261, 72-79. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.017"
        },
        {
          "study": "Haddock,1999",
          "ref": "Haddock G, Tarrier N, Morrison AP, Hopkins R, Drake R, Lewis S. A pilot study evaluating the effectiveness of individual inpatient cognitive-behavioural therapy in early psychosis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1999;34:254–8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes,1995",
          "ref": "Hayes RL, Halford WK, Varghese FT. Social skills training with chronic schizophrenic patients: Effects on _negative symptoms and community functioning. Behav Ther. 1995;26:433–49."
        },
        {
          "study": "Horan,2018",
          "ref": "Horan, W. P., Dolinsky, M., Lee, J., Kern, R. S., Hellemann, G., Sugar, C. A., Glynn, S. M., & Green, M. F. (2018). Social Cognitive Skills Training for Psychosis With Community-Based Training Exercises: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Schizophr Bull, 44(6), 1254-1266. https://doi.org/doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Iuso,2023",
          "ref": "Iuso, S., Severo, M., Trotta, N., Ventriglio, A., Fiore, P., Bellomo, A., & Petito, A. (2023). Improvements in Treatment Adherence after Family Psychoeducation in Patients Affected by Psychosis: Preliminary Findings. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 13(10). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/jpm13101437"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kuipers,1997",
          "ref": "Kuipers E, Garety PA, Fowler D, Dunn G, Bebbington P, Freeman D, et al. London-East Anglia randomised controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for psychosis. Br J Psychiatry. 1997;171:319–27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Li,2018",
          "ref": "Li, J., Huang, Y. G., Ran, M. S., Fan, Y., Chen, W., Evans-Lacko, S., & Thornicroft, G. (2018). Community-based comprehensive intervention for people with schizophrenia in Guangzhou, China: Effects on clinical symptoms, social functioning, internalized stigma and discrimination. Asian J Psychiatr, 34, 21-30. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2018.04.017 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Lopez-Luengo,2016",
          "ref": "Lopez-Luengo, B., & Muela-Martinez, J. A. (2016). Preliminary study of a rehabilitation program based on attentional processes to treat auditory hallucinations. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 21(4), 315-334. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Marchira,2019",
          "ref": "Marchira, C. R., Supriyanto, I., Sub, i, S., Good, M. J. D., & Good, B. J. (2019). Brief interactive psychoeducation for caregivers of patients with early phase psychosis in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 13(3), 469-476. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/eip.12506 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mazza,2010",
          "ref": "Mazza, M., Lucci, G., Pacitti, F., Pino, M. C., Mariano, M., Casacchia, M., & Roncone, R. (2010). Could schizophrenic subjects improve their social cognition abilities only with observation and imitation of social situations? Neuropsychological rehabilitation, 20(5), 675-703. "
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        {
          "study": "Ng,2006",
          "ref": "Ng RMK, Cheung MSL. Social skills training in Hong Kong Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia. Hong Kong J Pscyhiatry. 2006;16(1):14–20."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Pinto, A., Pia, S. L., Mennella, R., Giorgio, D., & DeSimone, L. (1999). Rehab rounds: cognitive-behavioral therapy and clozapine for clients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services, 50(7), 901-904. "
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          "ref": "Ruiz-Iriondo, M., Salaberría, K., Polo-López, R., Iruin, Á., & Echeburúa, E. (2020). Improving clinical symptoms, functioning, and quality of life in chronic schizophrenia with an integrated psychological therapy (IPT) plus emotional management training (EMT): A controlled clinical trial. Psychother Res, 30(8), 1026-1038. https://doi.org/doi:10.1080/10503307.2019.1683634 "
        },
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          "ref": "Schaub A, Mueser KT, Werder T Von, Engel R, Möller H, Falkai P. A randomized controlled trial of group coping-oriented therapy vs supportive therapy in schizophrenia : Results of a 2- Year Follow-up. Schizophr Bull. 2016;42(1):s71-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shin,2002",
          "ref": "Shin S-K, Lukens EP. Effects of psychoeducation for Korean Americans with chronic mental illness. Psychiatr Serv. 2002;53(9):1125–31."
        },
        {
          "study": "Startup,2004",
          "ref": "Startup M, Jackson MC, Bendix S. North Wales randomized controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy for acute schizophrenia spectrum disorders : outcomes at 6 and 12 months. Psychol Med. 2004;34:413–22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Velligan,2015",
          "ref": "Velligan DI, Tai S, Roberts DL, Maples-Aguilar N, Brown M, Mintz J, et al. A randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive behavior therapy , cognitive adaptation training , their combination and treatment as usual in chronic schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2015;41(3):597–603."
        },
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          "ref": "Weisman de Mamani, A., Weintraub, M. J., Gurak, K., & Maura, J. (2014). A randomized clinical trial to test the efficacy of a family-focused, culturally informed therapy for schizophrenia. Journal of Family Psychology, 28(6), 800. "
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          "study": "Wykes,1999",
          "ref": "Wykes T, Reeder C, Corner J, Wuliams C, Everitt B. The effects of neurocognitive remediation on executive processing in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1999;25(2):291–308."
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        {
          "study": "Aivalioti,2022",
          "ref": "Aivalioti, E. I., Simos, P., Basta, M., & Vgontzas, A. N. (2022). Brief Solution Focused Therapy on schizophrenia: A preliminary study of family characteristics and psychopathology. Psychiatrike = Psychiatriki. https://doi.org/doi:10.22365/jpsych.2022.085 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Awan,2017",
          "ref": "Awan, N. R., Jehangir, S. F., Irfan, M., Naeem, F., & Farooq, S. (2017). Explanatory model of illness of the patients with schizophrenia and the role of educational intervention. Schizophr Res, 190, 68-73. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.03.006 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bradley,2006",
          "ref": "Bradley GM, Couchman GM, Perlesz A, Nguyen AT, Singh B, Riess C. Multiple-family group treatment for families living with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2006;57(4):521–30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chan,2009",
          "ref": "Chan SW, Yip B, Tso S, Cheng B, Tam W. Evaluation of a psychoeducation program for Chinese clients with schizophrenia and their family caregivers. Patient Educ Couns. 2009;75:67–76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dickinson,2010",
          "ref": "Dickinson D, Ph D, Tenhula W, Ph D, Morris S, Ph D, et al. A randomized , controlled trial of computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:170–80."
        },
        {
          "study": "England,2007",
          "ref": "England M. Efficacy of cognitive nursing intervention for voice hearing. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2007;43(2):69–76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Garcia,2003",
          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gaudiano,2023",
          "ref": "Gaudiano, B. A., Ellenberg, S., Johnson, J. E., Mueser, K. T., & Miller, I. W. (2023). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for inpatients with psychosis: Implementation feasibility and acceptability from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Schizophrenia Research, 261, 72-79. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.017"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes,1995",
          "ref": "Hayes RL, Halford WK, Varghese FT. Social skills training with chronic schizophrenic patients: Effects on _negative symptoms and community functioning. Behav Ther. 1995;26:433–49."
        },
        {
          "study": "Horan,2018",
          "ref": "Horan, W. P., Dolinsky, M., Lee, J., Kern, R. S., Hellemann, G., Sugar, C. A., Glynn, S. M., & Green, M. F. (2018). Social Cognitive Skills Training for Psychosis With Community-Based Training Exercises: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Schizophr Bull, 44(6), 1254-1266. https://doi.org/doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Iuso,2023",
          "ref": "Iuso, S., Severo, M., Trotta, N., Ventriglio, A., Fiore, P., Bellomo, A., & Petito, A. (2023). Improvements in Treatment Adherence after Family Psychoeducation in Patients Affected by Psychosis: Preliminary Findings. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 13(10). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/jpm13101437"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jovanović,2022",
          "ref": "Jovanović, N., Russo, M., Pemovska, T., Francis, J. J., Arenliu, A., Bajraktarov, S., Džubur Kulenović, A., Injac Stevović, L., Novotni, A., Andrić Petrović, S., Radojičić, T., Ribić, E., Konjufca, J., & Marić, N. P. (2022). Improving treatment of patients with psychosis in low-and-middle-income countries in Southeast Europe: Results from a hybrid effectiveness-implementation, pragmatic, cluster-randomized clinical trial (IMPULSE). Eur Psychiatry, 65(1), e50. https://doi.org/doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2302 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kuipers,1997",
          "ref": "Kuipers E, Garety PA, Fowler D, Dunn G, Bebbington P, Freeman D, et al. London-East Anglia randomised controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for psychosis. Br J Psychiatry. 1997;171:319–27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Li,2018",
          "ref": "Li, J., Huang, Y. G., Ran, M. S., Fan, Y., Chen, W., Evans-Lacko, S., & Thornicroft, G. (2018). Community-based comprehensive intervention for people with schizophrenia in Guangzhou, China: Effects on clinical symptoms, social functioning, internalized stigma and discrimination. Asian J Psychiatr, 34, 21-30. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2018.04.017 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Lopez-Luengo,2016",
          "ref": "Lopez-Luengo, B., & Muela-Martinez, J. A. (2016). Preliminary study of a rehabilitation program based on attentional processes to treat auditory hallucinations. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 21(4), 315-334. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ng,2006",
          "ref": "Ng RMK, Cheung MSL. Social skills training in Hong Kong Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia. Hong Kong J Pscyhiatry. 2006;16(1):14–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pinto,1999",
          "ref": "Pinto, A., Pia, S. L., Mennella, R., Giorgio, D., & DeSimone, L. (1999). Rehab rounds: cognitive-behavioral therapy and clozapine for clients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services, 50(7), 901-904. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ruiz-Iriondo,2020",
          "ref": "Ruiz-Iriondo, M., Salaberría, K., Polo-López, R., Iruin, Á., & Echeburúa, E. (2020). Improving clinical symptoms, functioning, and quality of life in chronic schizophrenia with an integrated psychological therapy (IPT) plus emotional management training (EMT): A controlled clinical trial. Psychother Res, 30(8), 1026-1038. https://doi.org/doi:10.1080/10503307.2019.1683634 "
        },
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          "ref": "Chien WT, Thompson DR. Effects of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation programme for Chinese patients with schizophrenia: 2-year follow-up. Br J Psychiatry. 2014;205:52–9."
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          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
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          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
        },
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          "ref": "Gaudiano, B. A., Ellenberg, S., Johnson, J. E., Mueser, K. T., & Miller, I. W. (2023). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for inpatients with psychosis: Implementation feasibility and acceptability from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Schizophrenia Research, 261, 72-79. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.017"
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          "ref": "Lopez-Luengo, B., & Muela-Martinez, J. A. (2016). Preliminary study of a rehabilitation program based on attentional processes to treat auditory hallucinations. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 21(4), 315-334. "
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          "ref": "Chien, W. T., & Leung, S. F. (2013). A controlled trial of a needs‐based, nurse‐led psychoeducation programme for C hinese patients with first‐onset mental disorders: 6 month follow up. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 19, 3-13. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2014",
          "ref": "Chien WT, Thompson DR. Effects of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation programme for Chinese patients with schizophrenia: 2-year follow-up. Br J Psychiatry. 2014;205:52–9."
        },
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          "study": "England,2007",
          "ref": "England M. Efficacy of cognitive nursing intervention for voice hearing. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2007;43(2):69–76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Garcia,2003",
          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Jovanović, N., Russo, M., Pemovska, T., Francis, J. J., Arenliu, A., Bajraktarov, S., Džubur Kulenović, A., Injac Stevović, L., Novotni, A., Andrić Petrović, S., Radojičić, T., Ribić, E., Konjufca, J., & Marić, N. P. (2022). Improving treatment of patients with psychosis in low-and-middle-income countries in Southeast Europe: Results from a hybrid effectiveness-implementation, pragmatic, cluster-randomized clinical trial (IMPULSE). Eur Psychiatry, 65(1), e50. https://doi.org/doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2302 "
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          "ref": "Kuipers E, Garety PA, Fowler D, Dunn G, Bebbington P, Freeman D, et al. London-East Anglia randomised controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for psychosis. Br J Psychiatry. 1997;171:319–27."
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          "ref": "Lopez-Luengo, B., & Muela-Martinez, J. A. (2016). Preliminary study of a rehabilitation program based on attentional processes to treat auditory hallucinations. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 21(4), 315-334. "
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          "ref": "Marchira, C. R., Supriyanto, I., Sub, i, S., Good, M. J. D., & Good, B. J. (2019). Brief interactive psychoeducation for caregivers of patients with early phase psychosis in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 13(3), 469-476. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/eip.12506 "
        },
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          "ref": "Ruiz-Iriondo, M., Salaberría, K., Polo-López, R., Iruin, Á., & Echeburúa, E. (2020). Improving clinical symptoms, functioning, and quality of life in chronic schizophrenia with an integrated psychological therapy (IPT) plus emotional management training (EMT): A controlled clinical trial. Psychother Res, 30(8), 1026-1038. https://doi.org/doi:10.1080/10503307.2019.1683634 "
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          "ref": "Startup M, Jackson MC, Bendix S. North Wales randomized controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy for acute schizophrenia spectrum disorders : outcomes at 6 and 12 months. Psychol Med. 2004;34:413–22."
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          "ref": "Velligan DI, Tai S, Roberts DL, Maples-Aguilar N, Brown M, Mintz J, et al. A randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive behavior therapy , cognitive adaptation training , their combination and treatment as usual in chronic schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2015;41(3):597–603."
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        {
          "study": "Aivalioti,2022",
          "ref": "Aivalioti, E. I., Simos, P., Basta, M., & Vgontzas, A. N. (2022). Brief Solution Focused Therapy on schizophrenia: A preliminary study of family characteristics and psychopathology. Psychiatrike = Psychiatriki. https://doi.org/doi:10.22365/jpsych.2022.085 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Awan,2017",
          "ref": "Awan, N. R., Jehangir, S. F., Irfan, M., Naeem, F., & Farooq, S. (2017). Explanatory model of illness of the patients with schizophrenia and the role of educational intervention. Schizophr Res, 190, 68-73. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.03.006 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bradley,2006",
          "ref": "Bradley GM, Couchman GM, Perlesz A, Nguyen AT, Singh B, Riess C. Multiple-family group treatment for families living with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2006;57(4):521–30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chan,2009",
          "ref": "Chan SW, Yip B, Tso S, Cheng B, Tam W. Evaluation of a psychoeducation program for Chinese clients with schizophrenia and their family caregivers. Patient Educ Couns. 2009;75:67–76."
        },
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          "ref": "Chien 2013a: Chien WT, Lee IYM. The mindfulness-based psychoeducation program for Chinese patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2013;64(4)."
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        {
          "study": "Chien,2013c",
          "ref": "Chien, W. T., & Leung, S. F. (2013). A controlled trial of a needs‐based, nurse‐led psychoeducation programme for C hinese patients with first‐onset mental disorders: 6 month follow up. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 19, 3-13. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2014",
          "ref": "Chien WT, Thompson DR. Effects of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation programme for Chinese patients with schizophrenia: 2-year follow-up. Br J Psychiatry. 2014;205:52–9."
        },
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          "ref": "Dickinson D, Ph D, Tenhula W, Ph D, Morris S, Ph D, et al. A randomized , controlled trial of computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:170–80."
        },
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          "study": "England,2007",
          "ref": "England M. Efficacy of cognitive nursing intervention for voice hearing. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2007;43(2):69–76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Garcia,2003",
          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gaudiano,2023",
          "ref": "Gaudiano, B. A., Ellenberg, S., Johnson, J. E., Mueser, K. T., & Miller, I. W. (2023). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for inpatients with psychosis: Implementation feasibility and acceptability from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Schizophrenia Research, 261, 72-79. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.017"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Haddock G, Tarrier N, Morrison AP, Hopkins R, Drake R, Lewis S. A pilot study evaluating the effectiveness of individual inpatient cognitive-behavioural therapy in early psychosis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1999;34:254–8."
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          "ref": "Hayes RL, Halford WK, Varghese FT. Social skills training with chronic schizophrenic patients: Effects on _negative symptoms and community functioning. Behav Ther. 1995;26:433–49."
        },
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          "ref": "Horan, W. P., Dolinsky, M., Lee, J., Kern, R. S., Hellemann, G., Sugar, C. A., Glynn, S. M., & Green, M. F. (2018). Social Cognitive Skills Training for Psychosis With Community-Based Training Exercises: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Schizophr Bull, 44(6), 1254-1266. https://doi.org/doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx167 "
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        {
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          "ref": "Iuso, S., Severo, M., Trotta, N., Ventriglio, A., Fiore, P., Bellomo, A., & Petito, A. (2023). Improvements in Treatment Adherence after Family Psychoeducation in Patients Affected by Psychosis: Preliminary Findings. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 13(10). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/jpm13101437"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Jovanović, N., Russo, M., Pemovska, T., Francis, J. J., Arenliu, A., Bajraktarov, S., Džubur Kulenović, A., Injac Stevović, L., Novotni, A., Andrić Petrović, S., Radojičić, T., Ribić, E., Konjufca, J., & Marić, N. P. (2022). Improving treatment of patients with psychosis in low-and-middle-income countries in Southeast Europe: Results from a hybrid effectiveness-implementation, pragmatic, cluster-randomized clinical trial (IMPULSE). Eur Psychiatry, 65(1), e50. https://doi.org/doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2302 "
        },
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          "ref": "Kuipers E, Garety PA, Fowler D, Dunn G, Bebbington P, Freeman D, et al. London-East Anglia randomised controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for psychosis. Br J Psychiatry. 1997;171:319–27."
        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Lopez-Luengo,2016",
          "ref": "Lopez-Luengo, B., & Muela-Martinez, J. A. (2016). Preliminary study of a rehabilitation program based on attentional processes to treat auditory hallucinations. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 21(4), 315-334. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Marchira,2019",
          "ref": "Marchira, C. R., Supriyanto, I., Sub, i, S., Good, M. J. D., & Good, B. J. (2019). Brief interactive psychoeducation for caregivers of patients with early phase psychosis in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 13(3), 469-476. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/eip.12506 "
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Mazza, M., Lucci, G., Pacitti, F., Pino, M. C., Mariano, M., Casacchia, M., & Roncone, R. (2010). Could schizophrenic subjects improve their social cognition abilities only with observation and imitation of social situations? Neuropsychological rehabilitation, 20(5), 675-703. "
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          "study": "Ng,2006",
          "ref": "Ng RMK, Cheung MSL. Social skills training in Hong Kong Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia. Hong Kong J Pscyhiatry. 2006;16(1):14–20."
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          "ref": "Pinto, A., Pia, S. L., Mennella, R., Giorgio, D., & DeSimone, L. (1999). Rehab rounds: cognitive-behavioral therapy and clozapine for clients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services, 50(7), 901-904. "
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          "ref": "Schaub A, Mueser KT, Werder T Von, Engel R, Möller H, Falkai P. A randomized controlled trial of group coping-oriented therapy vs supportive therapy in schizophrenia : Results of a 2- Year Follow-up. Schizophr Bull. 2016;42(1):s71-80."
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          "ref": "Shin S-K, Lukens EP. Effects of psychoeducation for Korean Americans with chronic mental illness. Psychiatr Serv. 2002;53(9):1125–31."
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          "ref": "Startup M, Jackson MC, Bendix S. North Wales randomized controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy for acute schizophrenia spectrum disorders : outcomes at 6 and 12 months. Psychol Med. 2004;34:413–22."
        },
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          "ref": "Velligan DI, Tai S, Roberts DL, Maples-Aguilar N, Brown M, Mintz J, et al. A randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive behavior therapy , cognitive adaptation training , their combination and treatment as usual in chronic schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2015;41(3):597–603."
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        },
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          "ref": "Dickinson D, Ph D, Tenhula W, Ph D, Morris S, Ph D, et al. A randomized , controlled trial of computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:170–80."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Gaudiano, B. A., Ellenberg, S., Johnson, J. E., Mueser, K. T., & Miller, I. W. (2023). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for inpatients with psychosis: Implementation feasibility and acceptability from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Schizophrenia Research, 261, 72-79. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.017"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Haddock G, Tarrier N, Morrison AP, Hopkins R, Drake R, Lewis S. A pilot study evaluating the effectiveness of individual inpatient cognitive-behavioural therapy in early psychosis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1999;34:254–8."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Hayes RL, Halford WK, Varghese FT. Social skills training with chronic schizophrenic patients: Effects on _negative symptoms and community functioning. Behav Ther. 1995;26:433–49."
        },
        {
          "study": "Horan,2018",
          "ref": "Horan, W. P., Dolinsky, M., Lee, J., Kern, R. S., Hellemann, G., Sugar, C. A., Glynn, S. M., & Green, M. F. (2018). Social Cognitive Skills Training for Psychosis With Community-Based Training Exercises: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Schizophr Bull, 44(6), 1254-1266. https://doi.org/doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx167 "
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Iuso, S., Severo, M., Trotta, N., Ventriglio, A., Fiore, P., Bellomo, A., & Petito, A. (2023). Improvements in Treatment Adherence after Family Psychoeducation in Patients Affected by Psychosis: Preliminary Findings. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 13(10). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/jpm13101437"
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          "ref": "Pinto, A., Pia, S. L., Mennella, R., Giorgio, D., & DeSimone, L. (1999). Rehab rounds: cognitive-behavioral therapy and clozapine for clients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services, 50(7), 901-904. "
        },
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          "ref": "Schaub A, Mueser KT, Werder T Von, Engel R, Möller H, Falkai P. A randomized controlled trial of group coping-oriented therapy vs supportive therapy in schizophrenia : Results of a 2- Year Follow-up. Schizophr Bull. 2016;42(1):s71-80."
        },
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          "ref": "Shin S-K, Lukens EP. Effects of psychoeducation for Korean Americans with chronic mental illness. Psychiatr Serv. 2002;53(9):1125–31."
        },
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          "ref": "Velligan DI, Tai S, Roberts DL, Maples-Aguilar N, Brown M, Mintz J, et al. A randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive behavior therapy , cognitive adaptation training , their combination and treatment as usual in chronic schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2015;41(3):597–603."
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          "ref": "Weisman de Mamani, A., Weintraub, M. J., Gurak, K., & Maura, J. (2014). A randomized clinical trial to test the efficacy of a family-focused, culturally informed therapy for schizophrenia. Journal of Family Psychology, 28(6), 800. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wykes,1999",
          "ref": "Wykes T, Reeder C, Corner J, Wuliams C, Everitt B. The effects of neurocognitive remediation on executive processing in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1999;25(2):291–308."
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        },
        {
          "study": "Awan,2017",
          "ref": "Awan, N. R., Jehangir, S. F., Irfan, M., Naeem, F., & Farooq, S. (2017). Explanatory model of illness of the patients with schizophrenia and the role of educational intervention. Schizophr Res, 190, 68-73. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.03.006 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bradley,2006",
          "ref": "Bradley GM, Couchman GM, Perlesz A, Nguyen AT, Singh B, Riess C. Multiple-family group treatment for families living with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2006;57(4):521–30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chan,2009",
          "ref": "Chan SW, Yip B, Tso S, Cheng B, Tam W. Evaluation of a psychoeducation program for Chinese clients with schizophrenia and their family caregivers. Patient Educ Couns. 2009;75:67–76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2013a",
          "ref": "Chien 2013a: Chien WT, Lee IYM. The mindfulness-based psychoeducation program for Chinese patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2013;64(4)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2013c",
          "ref": "Chien, W. T., & Leung, S. F. (2013). A controlled trial of a needs‐based, nurse‐led psychoeducation programme for C hinese patients with first‐onset mental disorders: 6 month follow up. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 19, 3-13. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2014",
          "ref": "Chien WT, Thompson DR. Effects of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation programme for Chinese patients with schizophrenia: 2-year follow-up. Br J Psychiatry. 2014;205:52–9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dickinson,2010",
          "ref": "Dickinson D, Ph D, Tenhula W, Ph D, Morris S, Ph D, et al. A randomized , controlled trial of computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:170–80."
        },
        {
          "study": "England,2007",
          "ref": "England M. Efficacy of cognitive nursing intervention for voice hearing. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2007;43(2):69–76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Garcia,2003",
          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gaudiano,2023",
          "ref": "Gaudiano, B. A., Ellenberg, S., Johnson, J. E., Mueser, K. T., & Miller, I. W. (2023). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for inpatients with psychosis: Implementation feasibility and acceptability from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Schizophrenia Research, 261, 72-79. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.017"
        },
        {
          "study": "Haddock,1999",
          "ref": "Haddock G, Tarrier N, Morrison AP, Hopkins R, Drake R, Lewis S. A pilot study evaluating the effectiveness of individual inpatient cognitive-behavioural therapy in early psychosis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1999;34:254–8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes,1995",
          "ref": "Hayes RL, Halford WK, Varghese FT. Social skills training with chronic schizophrenic patients: Effects on _negative symptoms and community functioning. Behav Ther. 1995;26:433–49."
        },
        {
          "study": "Horan,2018",
          "ref": "Horan, W. P., Dolinsky, M., Lee, J., Kern, R. S., Hellemann, G., Sugar, C. A., Glynn, S. M., & Green, M. F. (2018). Social Cognitive Skills Training for Psychosis With Community-Based Training Exercises: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Schizophr Bull, 44(6), 1254-1266. https://doi.org/doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Iuso,2023",
          "ref": "Iuso, S., Severo, M., Trotta, N., Ventriglio, A., Fiore, P., Bellomo, A., & Petito, A. (2023). Improvements in Treatment Adherence after Family Psychoeducation in Patients Affected by Psychosis: Preliminary Findings. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 13(10). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/jpm13101437"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jovanović,2022",
          "ref": "Jovanović, N., Russo, M., Pemovska, T., Francis, J. J., Arenliu, A., Bajraktarov, S., Džubur Kulenović, A., Injac Stevović, L., Novotni, A., Andrić Petrović, S., Radojičić, T., Ribić, E., Konjufca, J., & Marić, N. P. (2022). Improving treatment of patients with psychosis in low-and-middle-income countries in Southeast Europe: Results from a hybrid effectiveness-implementation, pragmatic, cluster-randomized clinical trial (IMPULSE). Eur Psychiatry, 65(1), e50. https://doi.org/doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2302 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kuipers,1997",
          "ref": "Kuipers E, Garety PA, Fowler D, Dunn G, Bebbington P, Freeman D, et al. London-East Anglia randomised controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for psychosis. Br J Psychiatry. 1997;171:319–27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Li,2018",
          "ref": "Li, J., Huang, Y. G., Ran, M. S., Fan, Y., Chen, W., Evans-Lacko, S., & Thornicroft, G. (2018). Community-based comprehensive intervention for people with schizophrenia in Guangzhou, China: Effects on clinical symptoms, social functioning, internalized stigma and discrimination. Asian J Psychiatr, 34, 21-30. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2018.04.017 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Lopez-Luengo,2016",
          "ref": "Lopez-Luengo, B., & Muela-Martinez, J. A. (2016). Preliminary study of a rehabilitation program based on attentional processes to treat auditory hallucinations. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 21(4), 315-334. "
        },
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          "ref": "Chien, W. T., & Leung, S. F. (2013). A controlled trial of a needs‐based, nurse‐led psychoeducation programme for C hinese patients with first‐onset mental disorders: 6 month follow up. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 19, 3-13. "
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          "ref": "Chien WT, Thompson DR. Effects of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation programme for Chinese patients with schizophrenia: 2-year follow-up. Br J Psychiatry. 2014;205:52–9."
        },
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          "ref": "Dickinson D, Ph D, Tenhula W, Ph D, Morris S, Ph D, et al. A randomized , controlled trial of computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:170–80."
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          "ref": "England M. Efficacy of cognitive nursing intervention for voice hearing. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2007;43(2):69–76."
        },
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          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
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        },
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          "ref": "Haddock G, Tarrier N, Morrison AP, Hopkins R, Drake R, Lewis S. A pilot study evaluating the effectiveness of individual inpatient cognitive-behavioural therapy in early psychosis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1999;34:254–8."
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          "ref": "Kuipers E, Garety PA, Fowler D, Dunn G, Bebbington P, Freeman D, et al. London-East Anglia randomised controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for psychosis. Br J Psychiatry. 1997;171:319–27."
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          "ref": "Lopez-Luengo, B., & Muela-Martinez, J. A. (2016). Preliminary study of a rehabilitation program based on attentional processes to treat auditory hallucinations. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 21(4), 315-334. "
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          "ref": "Marchira, C. R., Supriyanto, I., Sub, i, S., Good, M. J. D., & Good, B. J. (2019). Brief interactive psychoeducation for caregivers of patients with early phase psychosis in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 13(3), 469-476. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/eip.12506 "
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          "ref": "Ng RMK, Cheung MSL. Social skills training in Hong Kong Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia. Hong Kong J Pscyhiatry. 2006;16(1):14–20."
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          "ref": "Pinto, A., Pia, S. L., Mennella, R., Giorgio, D., & DeSimone, L. (1999). Rehab rounds: cognitive-behavioral therapy and clozapine for clients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services, 50(7), 901-904. "
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          "ref": "Ruiz-Iriondo, M., Salaberría, K., Polo-López, R., Iruin, Á., & Echeburúa, E. (2020). Improving clinical symptoms, functioning, and quality of life in chronic schizophrenia with an integrated psychological therapy (IPT) plus emotional management training (EMT): A controlled clinical trial. Psychother Res, 30(8), 1026-1038. https://doi.org/doi:10.1080/10503307.2019.1683634 "
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          "ref": "Shin S-K, Lukens EP. Effects of psychoeducation for Korean Americans with chronic mental illness. Psychiatr Serv. 2002;53(9):1125–31."
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          "ref": "Chan SW, Yip B, Tso S, Cheng B, Tam W. Evaluation of a psychoeducation program for Chinese clients with schizophrenia and their family caregivers. Patient Educ Couns. 2009;75:67–76."
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          "ref": "Chien, W. T., & Leung, S. F. (2013). A controlled trial of a needs‐based, nurse‐led psychoeducation programme for C hinese patients with first‐onset mental disorders: 6 month follow up. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 19, 3-13. "
        },
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          "ref": "Chien WT, Thompson DR. Effects of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation programme for Chinese patients with schizophrenia: 2-year follow-up. Br J Psychiatry. 2014;205:52–9."
        },
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          "ref": "Dickinson D, Ph D, Tenhula W, Ph D, Morris S, Ph D, et al. A randomized , controlled trial of computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:170–80."
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          "ref": "England M. Efficacy of cognitive nursing intervention for voice hearing. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2007;43(2):69–76."
        },
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          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
        },
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          "ref": "Gaudiano, B. A., Ellenberg, S., Johnson, J. E., Mueser, K. T., & Miller, I. W. (2023). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for inpatients with psychosis: Implementation feasibility and acceptability from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Schizophrenia Research, 261, 72-79. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.017"
        },
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          "study": "Haddock,1999",
          "ref": "Haddock G, Tarrier N, Morrison AP, Hopkins R, Drake R, Lewis S. A pilot study evaluating the effectiveness of individual inpatient cognitive-behavioural therapy in early psychosis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1999;34:254–8."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Hayes RL, Halford WK, Varghese FT. Social skills training with chronic schizophrenic patients: Effects on _negative symptoms and community functioning. Behav Ther. 1995;26:433–49."
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          "ref": "Chien WT, Thompson DR. Effects of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation programme for Chinese patients with schizophrenia: 2-year follow-up. Br J Psychiatry. 2014;205:52–9."
        },
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          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
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          "ref": "Chien WT, Thompson DR. Effects of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation programme for Chinese patients with schizophrenia: 2-year follow-up. Br J Psychiatry. 2014;205:52–9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dickinson,2010",
          "ref": "Dickinson D, Ph D, Tenhula W, Ph D, Morris S, Ph D, et al. A randomized , controlled trial of computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:170–80."
        },
        {
          "study": "England,2007",
          "ref": "England M. Efficacy of cognitive nursing intervention for voice hearing. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2007;43(2):69–76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Garcia,2003",
          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Gaudiano, B. A., Ellenberg, S., Johnson, J. E., Mueser, K. T., & Miller, I. W. (2023). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for inpatients with psychosis: Implementation feasibility and acceptability from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Schizophrenia Research, 261, 72-79. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.017"
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          "ref": "Hayes RL, Halford WK, Varghese FT. Social skills training with chronic schizophrenic patients: Effects on _negative symptoms and community functioning. Behav Ther. 1995;26:433–49."
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          "ref": "Horan, W. P., Dolinsky, M., Lee, J., Kern, R. S., Hellemann, G., Sugar, C. A., Glynn, S. M., & Green, M. F. (2018). Social Cognitive Skills Training for Psychosis With Community-Based Training Exercises: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Schizophr Bull, 44(6), 1254-1266. https://doi.org/doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx167 "
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          "ref": "Iuso, S., Severo, M., Trotta, N., Ventriglio, A., Fiore, P., Bellomo, A., & Petito, A. (2023). Improvements in Treatment Adherence after Family Psychoeducation in Patients Affected by Psychosis: Preliminary Findings. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 13(10). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/jpm13101437"
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          "ref": "Lopez-Luengo, B., & Muela-Martinez, J. A. (2016). Preliminary study of a rehabilitation program based on attentional processes to treat auditory hallucinations. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 21(4), 315-334. "
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Marchira, C. R., Supriyanto, I., Sub, i, S., Good, M. J. D., & Good, B. J. (2019). Brief interactive psychoeducation for caregivers of patients with early phase psychosis in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 13(3), 469-476. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/eip.12506 "
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        {
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          "ref": "Mazza, M., Lucci, G., Pacitti, F., Pino, M. C., Mariano, M., Casacchia, M., & Roncone, R. (2010). Could schizophrenic subjects improve their social cognition abilities only with observation and imitation of social situations? Neuropsychological rehabilitation, 20(5), 675-703. "
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          "ref": "Ng RMK, Cheung MSL. Social skills training in Hong Kong Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia. Hong Kong J Pscyhiatry. 2006;16(1):14–20."
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          "ref": "Pinto, A., Pia, S. L., Mennella, R., Giorgio, D., & DeSimone, L. (1999). Rehab rounds: cognitive-behavioral therapy and clozapine for clients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services, 50(7), 901-904. "
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          "ref": "Ruiz-Iriondo, M., Salaberría, K., Polo-López, R., Iruin, Á., & Echeburúa, E. (2020). Improving clinical symptoms, functioning, and quality of life in chronic schizophrenia with an integrated psychological therapy (IPT) plus emotional management training (EMT): A controlled clinical trial. Psychother Res, 30(8), 1026-1038. https://doi.org/doi:10.1080/10503307.2019.1683634 "
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          "ref": "Schaub A, Mueser KT, Werder T Von, Engel R, Möller H, Falkai P. A randomized controlled trial of group coping-oriented therapy vs supportive therapy in schizophrenia : Results of a 2- Year Follow-up. Schizophr Bull. 2016;42(1):s71-80."
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          "ref": "Shin S-K, Lukens EP. Effects of psychoeducation for Korean Americans with chronic mental illness. Psychiatr Serv. 2002;53(9):1125–31."
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          "ref": "Dickinson D, Ph D, Tenhula W, Ph D, Morris S, Ph D, et al. A randomized , controlled trial of computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:170–80."
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          "ref": "England M. Efficacy of cognitive nursing intervention for voice hearing. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2007;43(2):69–76."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Gaudiano, B. A., Ellenberg, S., Johnson, J. E., Mueser, K. T., & Miller, I. W. (2023). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for inpatients with psychosis: Implementation feasibility and acceptability from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Schizophrenia Research, 261, 72-79. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.017"
        },
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          "ref": "Hayes RL, Halford WK, Varghese FT. Social skills training with chronic schizophrenic patients: Effects on _negative symptoms and community functioning. Behav Ther. 1995;26:433–49."
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        {
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          "ref": "Iuso, S., Severo, M., Trotta, N., Ventriglio, A., Fiore, P., Bellomo, A., & Petito, A. (2023). Improvements in Treatment Adherence after Family Psychoeducation in Patients Affected by Psychosis: Preliminary Findings. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 13(10). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/jpm13101437"
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          "ref": "Kuipers E, Garety PA, Fowler D, Dunn G, Bebbington P, Freeman D, et al. London-East Anglia randomised controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for psychosis. Br J Psychiatry. 1997;171:319–27."
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          "ref": "Li, J., Huang, Y. G., Ran, M. S., Fan, Y., Chen, W., Evans-Lacko, S., & Thornicroft, G. (2018). Community-based comprehensive intervention for people with schizophrenia in Guangzhou, China: Effects on clinical symptoms, social functioning, internalized stigma and discrimination. Asian J Psychiatr, 34, 21-30. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2018.04.017 "
        },
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          "ref": "Lopez-Luengo, B., & Muela-Martinez, J. A. (2016). Preliminary study of a rehabilitation program based on attentional processes to treat auditory hallucinations. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 21(4), 315-334. "
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          "ref": "Marchira, C. R., Supriyanto, I., Sub, i, S., Good, M. J. D., & Good, B. J. (2019). Brief interactive psychoeducation for caregivers of patients with early phase psychosis in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 13(3), 469-476. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/eip.12506 "
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Mazza, M., Lucci, G., Pacitti, F., Pino, M. C., Mariano, M., Casacchia, M., & Roncone, R. (2010). Could schizophrenic subjects improve their social cognition abilities only with observation and imitation of social situations? Neuropsychological rehabilitation, 20(5), 675-703. "
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        },
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          "ref": "Awan, N. R., Jehangir, S. F., Irfan, M., Naeem, F., & Farooq, S. (2017). Explanatory model of illness of the patients with schizophrenia and the role of educational intervention. Schizophr Res, 190, 68-73. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.03.006 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bradley,2006",
          "ref": "Bradley GM, Couchman GM, Perlesz A, Nguyen AT, Singh B, Riess C. Multiple-family group treatment for families living with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2006;57(4):521–30."
        },
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          "ref": "Chan SW, Yip B, Tso S, Cheng B, Tam W. Evaluation of a psychoeducation program for Chinese clients with schizophrenia and their family caregivers. Patient Educ Couns. 2009;75:67–76."
        },
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          "ref": "Chien, W. T., & Leung, S. F. (2013). A controlled trial of a needs‐based, nurse‐led psychoeducation programme for C hinese patients with first‐onset mental disorders: 6 month follow up. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 19, 3-13. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2014",
          "ref": "Chien WT, Thompson DR. Effects of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation programme for Chinese patients with schizophrenia: 2-year follow-up. Br J Psychiatry. 2014;205:52–9."
        },
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          "study": "Dickinson,2010",
          "ref": "Dickinson D, Ph D, Tenhula W, Ph D, Morris S, Ph D, et al. A randomized , controlled trial of computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:170–80."
        },
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          "ref": "England M. Efficacy of cognitive nursing intervention for voice hearing. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2007;43(2):69–76."
        },
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          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
        },
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          "ref": "Haddock G, Tarrier N, Morrison AP, Hopkins R, Drake R, Lewis S. A pilot study evaluating the effectiveness of individual inpatient cognitive-behavioural therapy in early psychosis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1999;34:254–8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes,1995",
          "ref": "Hayes RL, Halford WK, Varghese FT. Social skills training with chronic schizophrenic patients: Effects on _negative symptoms and community functioning. Behav Ther. 1995;26:433–49."
        },
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          "ref": "Horan, W. P., Dolinsky, M., Lee, J., Kern, R. S., Hellemann, G., Sugar, C. A., Glynn, S. M., & Green, M. F. (2018). Social Cognitive Skills Training for Psychosis With Community-Based Training Exercises: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Schizophr Bull, 44(6), 1254-1266. https://doi.org/doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx167 "
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Iuso, S., Severo, M., Trotta, N., Ventriglio, A., Fiore, P., Bellomo, A., & Petito, A. (2023). Improvements in Treatment Adherence after Family Psychoeducation in Patients Affected by Psychosis: Preliminary Findings. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 13(10). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/jpm13101437"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jovanović,2022",
          "ref": "Jovanović, N., Russo, M., Pemovska, T., Francis, J. J., Arenliu, A., Bajraktarov, S., Džubur Kulenović, A., Injac Stevović, L., Novotni, A., Andrić Petrović, S., Radojičić, T., Ribić, E., Konjufca, J., & Marić, N. P. (2022). Improving treatment of patients with psychosis in low-and-middle-income countries in Southeast Europe: Results from a hybrid effectiveness-implementation, pragmatic, cluster-randomized clinical trial (IMPULSE). Eur Psychiatry, 65(1), e50. https://doi.org/doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2302 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kuipers,1997",
          "ref": "Kuipers E, Garety PA, Fowler D, Dunn G, Bebbington P, Freeman D, et al. London-East Anglia randomised controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for psychosis. Br J Psychiatry. 1997;171:319–27."
        },
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          "ref": "Li, J., Huang, Y. G., Ran, M. S., Fan, Y., Chen, W., Evans-Lacko, S., & Thornicroft, G. (2018). Community-based comprehensive intervention for people with schizophrenia in Guangzhou, China: Effects on clinical symptoms, social functioning, internalized stigma and discrimination. Asian J Psychiatr, 34, 21-30. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2018.04.017 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Lopez-Luengo,2016",
          "ref": "Lopez-Luengo, B., & Muela-Martinez, J. A. (2016). Preliminary study of a rehabilitation program based on attentional processes to treat auditory hallucinations. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 21(4), 315-334. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Marchira,2019",
          "ref": "Marchira, C. R., Supriyanto, I., Sub, i, S., Good, M. J. D., & Good, B. J. (2019). Brief interactive psychoeducation for caregivers of patients with early phase psychosis in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 13(3), 469-476. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/eip.12506 "
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Mazza, M., Lucci, G., Pacitti, F., Pino, M. C., Mariano, M., Casacchia, M., & Roncone, R. (2010). Could schizophrenic subjects improve their social cognition abilities only with observation and imitation of social situations? Neuropsychological rehabilitation, 20(5), 675-703. "
        },
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          "ref": "Ng RMK, Cheung MSL. Social skills training in Hong Kong Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia. Hong Kong J Pscyhiatry. 2006;16(1):14–20."
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          "ref": "Awan, N. R., Jehangir, S. F., Irfan, M., Naeem, F., & Farooq, S. (2017). Explanatory model of illness of the patients with schizophrenia and the role of educational intervention. Schizophr Res, 190, 68-73. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.03.006 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bradley,2006",
          "ref": "Bradley GM, Couchman GM, Perlesz A, Nguyen AT, Singh B, Riess C. Multiple-family group treatment for families living with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2006;57(4):521–30."
        },
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          "study": "Chan,2009",
          "ref": "Chan SW, Yip B, Tso S, Cheng B, Tam W. Evaluation of a psychoeducation program for Chinese clients with schizophrenia and their family caregivers. Patient Educ Couns. 2009;75:67–76."
        },
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          "ref": "Chien 2013a: Chien WT, Lee IYM. The mindfulness-based psychoeducation program for Chinese patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2013;64(4)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2013c",
          "ref": "Chien, W. T., & Leung, S. F. (2013). A controlled trial of a needs‐based, nurse‐led psychoeducation programme for C hinese patients with first‐onset mental disorders: 6 month follow up. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 19, 3-13. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2014",
          "ref": "Chien WT, Thompson DR. Effects of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation programme for Chinese patients with schizophrenia: 2-year follow-up. Br J Psychiatry. 2014;205:52–9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dickinson,2010",
          "ref": "Dickinson D, Ph D, Tenhula W, Ph D, Morris S, Ph D, et al. A randomized , controlled trial of computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:170–80."
        },
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          "study": "England,2007",
          "ref": "England M. Efficacy of cognitive nursing intervention for voice hearing. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2007;43(2):69–76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Garcia,2003",
          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gaudiano,2023",
          "ref": "Gaudiano, B. A., Ellenberg, S., Johnson, J. E., Mueser, K. T., & Miller, I. W. (2023). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for inpatients with psychosis: Implementation feasibility and acceptability from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Schizophrenia Research, 261, 72-79. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.017"
        },
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          "ref": "Haddock G, Tarrier N, Morrison AP, Hopkins R, Drake R, Lewis S. A pilot study evaluating the effectiveness of individual inpatient cognitive-behavioural therapy in early psychosis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1999;34:254–8."
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          "ref": "Hayes RL, Halford WK, Varghese FT. Social skills training with chronic schizophrenic patients: Effects on _negative symptoms and community functioning. Behav Ther. 1995;26:433–49."
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        },
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          "ref": "Lopez-Luengo, B., & Muela-Martinez, J. A. (2016). Preliminary study of a rehabilitation program based on attentional processes to treat auditory hallucinations. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 21(4), 315-334. "
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        },
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          "ref": "Ruiz-Iriondo, M., Salaberría, K., Polo-López, R., Iruin, Á., & Echeburúa, E. (2020). Improving clinical symptoms, functioning, and quality of life in chronic schizophrenia with an integrated psychological therapy (IPT) plus emotional management training (EMT): A controlled clinical trial. Psychother Res, 30(8), 1026-1038. https://doi.org/doi:10.1080/10503307.2019.1683634 "
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          "ref": "Shin S-K, Lukens EP. Effects of psychoeducation for Korean Americans with chronic mental illness. Psychiatr Serv. 2002;53(9):1125–31."
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        },
        {
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          "ref": "Awan, N. R., Jehangir, S. F., Irfan, M., Naeem, F., & Farooq, S. (2017). Explanatory model of illness of the patients with schizophrenia and the role of educational intervention. Schizophr Res, 190, 68-73. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.03.006 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bradley,2006",
          "ref": "Bradley GM, Couchman GM, Perlesz A, Nguyen AT, Singh B, Riess C. Multiple-family group treatment for families living with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2006;57(4):521–30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chan,2009",
          "ref": "Chan SW, Yip B, Tso S, Cheng B, Tam W. Evaluation of a psychoeducation program for Chinese clients with schizophrenia and their family caregivers. Patient Educ Couns. 2009;75:67–76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2013a",
          "ref": "Chien 2013a: Chien WT, Lee IYM. The mindfulness-based psychoeducation program for Chinese patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2013;64(4)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2013c",
          "ref": "Chien, W. T., & Leung, S. F. (2013). A controlled trial of a needs‐based, nurse‐led psychoeducation programme for C hinese patients with first‐onset mental disorders: 6 month follow up. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 19, 3-13. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2014",
          "ref": "Chien WT, Thompson DR. Effects of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation programme for Chinese patients with schizophrenia: 2-year follow-up. Br J Psychiatry. 2014;205:52–9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dickinson,2010",
          "ref": "Dickinson D, Ph D, Tenhula W, Ph D, Morris S, Ph D, et al. A randomized , controlled trial of computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:170–80."
        },
        {
          "study": "England,2007",
          "ref": "England M. Efficacy of cognitive nursing intervention for voice hearing. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2007;43(2):69–76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Garcia,2003",
          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gaudiano,2023",
          "ref": "Gaudiano, B. A., Ellenberg, S., Johnson, J. E., Mueser, K. T., & Miller, I. W. (2023). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for inpatients with psychosis: Implementation feasibility and acceptability from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Schizophrenia Research, 261, 72-79. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.017"
        },
        {
          "study": "Haddock,1999",
          "ref": "Haddock G, Tarrier N, Morrison AP, Hopkins R, Drake R, Lewis S. A pilot study evaluating the effectiveness of individual inpatient cognitive-behavioural therapy in early psychosis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1999;34:254–8."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Hayes RL, Halford WK, Varghese FT. Social skills training with chronic schizophrenic patients: Effects on _negative symptoms and community functioning. Behav Ther. 1995;26:433–49."
        },
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          "ref": "Horan, W. P., Dolinsky, M., Lee, J., Kern, R. S., Hellemann, G., Sugar, C. A., Glynn, S. M., & Green, M. F. (2018). Social Cognitive Skills Training for Psychosis With Community-Based Training Exercises: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Schizophr Bull, 44(6), 1254-1266. https://doi.org/doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Iuso,2023",
          "ref": "Iuso, S., Severo, M., Trotta, N., Ventriglio, A., Fiore, P., Bellomo, A., & Petito, A. (2023). Improvements in Treatment Adherence after Family Psychoeducation in Patients Affected by Psychosis: Preliminary Findings. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 13(10). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/jpm13101437"
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          "ref": "Jovanović, N., Russo, M., Pemovska, T., Francis, J. J., Arenliu, A., Bajraktarov, S., Džubur Kulenović, A., Injac Stevović, L., Novotni, A., Andrić Petrović, S., Radojičić, T., Ribić, E., Konjufca, J., & Marić, N. P. (2022). Improving treatment of patients with psychosis in low-and-middle-income countries in Southeast Europe: Results from a hybrid effectiveness-implementation, pragmatic, cluster-randomized clinical trial (IMPULSE). Eur Psychiatry, 65(1), e50. https://doi.org/doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2302 "
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Kuipers E, Garety PA, Fowler D, Dunn G, Bebbington P, Freeman D, et al. London-East Anglia randomised controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for psychosis. Br J Psychiatry. 1997;171:319–27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Li,2018",
          "ref": "Li, J., Huang, Y. G., Ran, M. S., Fan, Y., Chen, W., Evans-Lacko, S., & Thornicroft, G. (2018). Community-based comprehensive intervention for people with schizophrenia in Guangzhou, China: Effects on clinical symptoms, social functioning, internalized stigma and discrimination. Asian J Psychiatr, 34, 21-30. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2018.04.017 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Lopez-Luengo,2016",
          "ref": "Lopez-Luengo, B., & Muela-Martinez, J. A. (2016). Preliminary study of a rehabilitation program based on attentional processes to treat auditory hallucinations. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 21(4), 315-334. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Marchira,2019",
          "ref": "Marchira, C. R., Supriyanto, I., Sub, i, S., Good, M. J. D., & Good, B. J. (2019). Brief interactive psychoeducation for caregivers of patients with early phase psychosis in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 13(3), 469-476. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/eip.12506 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mazza,2010",
          "ref": "Mazza, M., Lucci, G., Pacitti, F., Pino, M. C., Mariano, M., Casacchia, M., & Roncone, R. (2010). Could schizophrenic subjects improve their social cognition abilities only with observation and imitation of social situations? Neuropsychological rehabilitation, 20(5), 675-703. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ng,2006",
          "ref": "Ng RMK, Cheung MSL. Social skills training in Hong Kong Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia. Hong Kong J Pscyhiatry. 2006;16(1):14–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pinto,1999",
          "ref": "Pinto, A., Pia, S. L., Mennella, R., Giorgio, D., & DeSimone, L. (1999). Rehab rounds: cognitive-behavioral therapy and clozapine for clients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services, 50(7), 901-904. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ruiz-Iriondo,2020",
          "ref": "Ruiz-Iriondo, M., Salaberría, K., Polo-López, R., Iruin, Á., & Echeburúa, E. (2020). Improving clinical symptoms, functioning, and quality of life in chronic schizophrenia with an integrated psychological therapy (IPT) plus emotional management training (EMT): A controlled clinical trial. Psychother Res, 30(8), 1026-1038. https://doi.org/doi:10.1080/10503307.2019.1683634 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaub,2016",
          "ref": "Schaub A, Mueser KT, Werder T Von, Engel R, Möller H, Falkai P. A randomized controlled trial of group coping-oriented therapy vs supportive therapy in schizophrenia : Results of a 2- Year Follow-up. Schizophr Bull. 2016;42(1):s71-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shin,2002",
          "ref": "Shin S-K, Lukens EP. Effects of psychoeducation for Korean Americans with chronic mental illness. Psychiatr Serv. 2002;53(9):1125–31."
        },
        {
          "study": "Startup,2004",
          "ref": "Startup M, Jackson MC, Bendix S. North Wales randomized controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy for acute schizophrenia spectrum disorders : outcomes at 6 and 12 months. Psychol Med. 2004;34:413–22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Velligan,2015",
          "ref": "Velligan DI, Tai S, Roberts DL, Maples-Aguilar N, Brown M, Mintz J, et al. A randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive behavior therapy , cognitive adaptation training , their combination and treatment as usual in chronic schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2015;41(3):597–603."
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          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
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          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
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          "study": "Chien,2013c",
          "ref": "Chien, W. T., & Leung, S. F. (2013). A controlled trial of a needs‐based, nurse‐led psychoeducation programme for C hinese patients with first‐onset mental disorders: 6 month follow up. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 19, 3-13. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2014",
          "ref": "Chien WT, Thompson DR. Effects of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation programme for Chinese patients with schizophrenia: 2-year follow-up. Br J Psychiatry. 2014;205:52–9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dickinson,2010",
          "ref": "Dickinson D, Ph D, Tenhula W, Ph D, Morris S, Ph D, et al. A randomized , controlled trial of computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:170–80."
        },
        {
          "study": "England,2007",
          "ref": "England M. Efficacy of cognitive nursing intervention for voice hearing. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2007;43(2):69–76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Garcia,2003",
          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gaudiano,2023",
          "ref": "Gaudiano, B. A., Ellenberg, S., Johnson, J. E., Mueser, K. T., & Miller, I. W. (2023). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for inpatients with psychosis: Implementation feasibility and acceptability from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Schizophrenia Research, 261, 72-79. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.017"
        },
        {
          "study": "Haddock,1999",
          "ref": "Haddock G, Tarrier N, Morrison AP, Hopkins R, Drake R, Lewis S. A pilot study evaluating the effectiveness of individual inpatient cognitive-behavioural therapy in early psychosis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1999;34:254–8."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Hayes RL, Halford WK, Varghese FT. Social skills training with chronic schizophrenic patients: Effects on _negative symptoms and community functioning. Behav Ther. 1995;26:433–49."
        },
        {
          "study": "Horan,2018",
          "ref": "Horan, W. P., Dolinsky, M., Lee, J., Kern, R. S., Hellemann, G., Sugar, C. A., Glynn, S. M., & Green, M. F. (2018). Social Cognitive Skills Training for Psychosis With Community-Based Training Exercises: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Schizophr Bull, 44(6), 1254-1266. https://doi.org/doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx167 "
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        {
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          "ref": "Iuso, S., Severo, M., Trotta, N., Ventriglio, A., Fiore, P., Bellomo, A., & Petito, A. (2023). Improvements in Treatment Adherence after Family Psychoeducation in Patients Affected by Psychosis: Preliminary Findings. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 13(10). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/jpm13101437"
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        },
        {
          "study": "Kuipers,1997",
          "ref": "Kuipers E, Garety PA, Fowler D, Dunn G, Bebbington P, Freeman D, et al. London-East Anglia randomised controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for psychosis. Br J Psychiatry. 1997;171:319–27."
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        {
          "study": "Li,2018",
          "ref": "Li, J., Huang, Y. G., Ran, M. S., Fan, Y., Chen, W., Evans-Lacko, S., & Thornicroft, G. (2018). Community-based comprehensive intervention for people with schizophrenia in Guangzhou, China: Effects on clinical symptoms, social functioning, internalized stigma and discrimination. Asian J Psychiatr, 34, 21-30. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2018.04.017 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Lopez-Luengo,2016",
          "ref": "Lopez-Luengo, B., & Muela-Martinez, J. A. (2016). Preliminary study of a rehabilitation program based on attentional processes to treat auditory hallucinations. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 21(4), 315-334. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Marchira,2019",
          "ref": "Marchira, C. R., Supriyanto, I., Sub, i, S., Good, M. J. D., & Good, B. J. (2019). Brief interactive psychoeducation for caregivers of patients with early phase psychosis in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 13(3), 469-476. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/eip.12506 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mazza,2010",
          "ref": "Mazza, M., Lucci, G., Pacitti, F., Pino, M. C., Mariano, M., Casacchia, M., & Roncone, R. (2010). Could schizophrenic subjects improve their social cognition abilities only with observation and imitation of social situations? Neuropsychological rehabilitation, 20(5), 675-703. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ng,2006",
          "ref": "Ng RMK, Cheung MSL. Social skills training in Hong Kong Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia. Hong Kong J Pscyhiatry. 2006;16(1):14–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pinto,1999",
          "ref": "Pinto, A., Pia, S. L., Mennella, R., Giorgio, D., & DeSimone, L. (1999). Rehab rounds: cognitive-behavioral therapy and clozapine for clients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services, 50(7), 901-904. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ruiz-Iriondo,2020",
          "ref": "Ruiz-Iriondo, M., Salaberría, K., Polo-López, R., Iruin, Á., & Echeburúa, E. (2020). Improving clinical symptoms, functioning, and quality of life in chronic schizophrenia with an integrated psychological therapy (IPT) plus emotional management training (EMT): A controlled clinical trial. Psychother Res, 30(8), 1026-1038. https://doi.org/doi:10.1080/10503307.2019.1683634 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaub,2016",
          "ref": "Schaub A, Mueser KT, Werder T Von, Engel R, Möller H, Falkai P. A randomized controlled trial of group coping-oriented therapy vs supportive therapy in schizophrenia : Results of a 2- Year Follow-up. Schizophr Bull. 2016;42(1):s71-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shin,2002",
          "ref": "Shin S-K, Lukens EP. Effects of psychoeducation for Korean Americans with chronic mental illness. Psychiatr Serv. 2002;53(9):1125–31."
        },
        {
          "study": "Startup,2004",
          "ref": "Startup M, Jackson MC, Bendix S. North Wales randomized controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy for acute schizophrenia spectrum disorders : outcomes at 6 and 12 months. Psychol Med. 2004;34:413–22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Velligan,2015",
          "ref": "Velligan DI, Tai S, Roberts DL, Maples-Aguilar N, Brown M, Mintz J, et al. A randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive behavior therapy , cognitive adaptation training , their combination and treatment as usual in chronic schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2015;41(3):597–603."
        },
        {
          "study": "Weisman de Mamani,2014",
          "ref": "Weisman de Mamani, A., Weintraub, M. J., Gurak, K., & Maura, J. (2014). A randomized clinical trial to test the efficacy of a family-focused, culturally informed therapy for schizophrenia. Journal of Family Psychology, 28(6), 800. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wykes,1999",
          "ref": "Wykes T, Reeder C, Corner J, Wuliams C, Everitt B. The effects of neurocognitive remediation on executive processing in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1999;25(2):291–308."
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        },
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          "ref": "Davidson, J. R., Foa, E. B., Huppert, J. D., Keefe, F. J., Franklin, M. E., Compton, J. S., Zhao, N., Connor, K. M., Lynch, T. R., & Gadde, K. M. (2004). Fluoxetine, comprehensive cognitive behavioral therapy, and placebo in generalized social phobia. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 61(10), 1005-1013. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.61.10.1005 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 310,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 50,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 7.076,
      "lo": 6.377,
      "hi": 7.852,
      "tau2": 0.1283,
      "tau2w": null,
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      "phi": 14.388,
      "i2": 96,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 311,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Three-level CHE model",
      "k": 50,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 7.076,
      "lo": 6.36,
      "hi": 7.873,
      "tau2": 0.1283,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 3.48,
      "phi": 14.388,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 312,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Fixed-effect",
      "k": 50,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 7.062,
      "lo": 6.923,
      "hi": 7.204,
      "tau2": null,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": null,
      "phi": null,
      "i2": 94.4,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 313,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Outliers removed (sensitivity)",
      "k": 31,
      "k_es": 34,
      "sd": 7.149,
      "lo": 6.8,
      "hi": 7.517,
      "tau2": 0.0107,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 5.803,
      "phi": 8.808,
      "i2": 69,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 314,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Influence analysis (sensitivity)",
      "k": 49,
      "k_es": 52,
      "sd": 7.242,
      "lo": 6.581,
      "hi": 7.969,
      "tau2": 0.1044,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.817,
      "phi": 13.74,
      "i2": 95.2,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 315,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Age group",
      "sgv": "Adolescents",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 3,
      "k_es": 3,
      "sd": 9.034,
      "lo": 5.177,
      "hi": 15.764,
      "tau2": 0.2313,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.023,
      "phi": 26.995,
      "i2": 95.9,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 316,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Age group",
      "sgv": "Adolescents",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 50,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 7.076,
      "lo": 6.36,
      "hi": 7.873,
      "tau2": 0.1283,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 3.48,
      "phi": 14.388,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 317,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Age group",
      "sgv": "Adults",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 40,
      "k_es": 43,
      "sd": 6.916,
      "lo": 6.15,
      "hi": 7.776,
      "tau2": 0.1302,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.376,
      "phi": 14.165,
      "i2": 96.3,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 318,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Age group",
      "sgv": "Adults",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 50,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 7.076,
      "lo": 6.36,
      "hi": 7.873,
      "tau2": 0.1283,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 3.48,
      "phi": 14.388,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 319,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Age group",
      "sgv": "Young adults",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 6,
      "k_es": 6,
      "sd": 7.092,
      "lo": 5.386,
      "hi": 9.34,
      "tau2": 0.1077,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.523,
      "phi": 14.279,
      "i2": 93.5,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 320,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Age group",
      "sgv": "Young adults",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 50,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 7.076,
      "lo": 6.36,
      "hi": 7.873,
      "tau2": 0.1283,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 3.48,
      "phi": 14.388,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 321,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Control condition",
      "sgv": "Care as usual",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 32,
      "k_es": 34,
      "sd": 7.438,
      "lo": 6.63,
      "hi": 8.345,
      "tau2": 0.0995,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.966,
      "phi": 13.95,
      "i2": 95.7,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 322,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Control condition",
      "sgv": "Care as usual",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 50,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 7.076,
      "lo": 6.36,
      "hi": 7.873,
      "tau2": 0.1283,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 3.48,
      "phi": 14.388,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 323,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Control condition",
      "sgv": "Other",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 7,
      "k_es": 8,
      "sd": 8.225,
      "lo": 7.153,
      "hi": 9.458,
      "tau2": 0.0258,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 5.828,
      "phi": 11.608,
      "i2": 82.8,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 324,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Control condition",
      "sgv": "Other",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 50,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 7.076,
      "lo": 6.36,
      "hi": 7.873,
      "tau2": 0.1283,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 3.48,
      "phi": 14.388,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 325,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Control condition",
      "sgv": "Waitlist",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 11,
      "k_es": 11,
      "sd": 5.499,
      "lo": 4.097,
      "hi": 7.382,
      "tau2": 0.2308,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 2.051,
      "phi": 14.748,
      "i2": 93.7,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 326,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Control condition",
      "sgv": "Waitlist",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 50,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 7.076,
      "lo": 6.36,
      "hi": 7.873,
      "tau2": 0.1283,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 3.48,
      "phi": 14.388,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 327,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "Asia",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 3,
      "k_es": 3,
      "sd": 6.527,
      "lo": 4.302,
      "hi": 9.903,
      "tau2": 0.128,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 2.887,
      "phi": 14.756,
      "i2": 94.3,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 328,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "Asia",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 50,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 7.076,
      "lo": 6.36,
      "hi": 7.873,
      "tau2": 0.1283,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 3.48,
      "phi": 14.388,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 329,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "Europe",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 11,
      "k_es": 11,
      "sd": 7.999,
      "lo": 6.12,
      "hi": 10.455,
      "tau2": 0.1914,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.258,
      "phi": 19.644,
      "i2": 96.3,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 330,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "Europe",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 50,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 7.076,
      "lo": 6.36,
      "hi": 7.873,
      "tau2": 0.1283,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 3.48,
      "phi": 14.388,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 331,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "North America",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 16,
      "k_es": 19,
      "sd": 7.651,
      "lo": 6.45,
      "hi": 9.077,
      "tau2": 0.11,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.907,
      "phi": 14.985,
      "i2": 94.8,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 332,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "North America",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 50,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 7.076,
      "lo": 6.36,
      "hi": 7.873,
      "tau2": 0.1283,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 3.48,
      "phi": 14.388,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 333,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "Other",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 20,
      "k_es": 20,
      "sd": 6.291,
      "lo": 5.402,
      "hi": 7.326,
      "tau2": 0.1074,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.251,
      "phi": 12.173,
      "i2": 95.8,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 334,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "Other",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 50,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 7.076,
      "lo": 6.36,
      "hi": 7.873,
      "tau2": 0.1283,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 3.48,
      "phi": 14.388,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 335,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Format",
      "sgv": "Group",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 13,
      "k_es": 13,
      "sd": 6.464,
      "lo": 4.928,
      "hi": 8.477,
      "tau2": 0.2375,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 2.395,
      "phi": 17.445,
      "i2": 97.6,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 336,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Format",
      "sgv": "Group",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 50,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 7.076,
      "lo": 6.36,
      "hi": 7.873,
      "tau2": 0.1283,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 3.48,
      "phi": 14.388,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 337,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Format",
      "sgv": "Individual",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 32,
      "k_es": 35,
      "sd": 7.292,
      "lo": 6.558,
      "hi": 8.108,
      "tau2": 0.0804,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 4.142,
      "phi": 12.838,
      "i2": 93.6,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 338,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Format",
      "sgv": "Individual",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 50,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 7.076,
      "lo": 6.36,
      "hi": 7.873,
      "tau2": 0.1283,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 3.48,
      "phi": 14.388,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 339,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Format",
      "sgv": "Other",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 5,
      "k_es": 5,
      "sd": 7.58,
      "lo": 5.183,
      "hi": 11.086,
      "tau2": 0.1792,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.043,
      "phi": 18.882,
      "i2": 96.8,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 340,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Format",
      "sgv": "Other",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 50,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 7.076,
      "lo": 6.36,
      "hi": 7.873,
      "tau2": 0.1283,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 3.48,
      "phi": 14.388,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 341,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Recruitment",
      "sgv": "Clinic",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 27,
      "k_es": 30,
      "sd": 7.224,
      "lo": 6.416,
      "hi": 8.133,
      "tau2": 0.0883,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.987,
      "phi": 13.09,
      "i2": 94.8,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 342,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Recruitment",
      "sgv": "Clinic",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 50,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 7.076,
      "lo": 6.36,
      "hi": 7.873,
      "tau2": 0.1283,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 3.48,
      "phi": 14.388,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 343,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Recruitment",
      "sgv": "Community",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 5,
      "k_es": 5,
      "sd": 5.374,
      "lo": 4.213,
      "hi": 6.855,
      "tau2": 0.055,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.195,
      "phi": 9.039,
      "i2": 76.5,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 344,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Recruitment",
      "sgv": "Community",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 50,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 7.076,
      "lo": 6.36,
      "hi": 7.873,
      "tau2": 0.1283,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 3.48,
      "phi": 14.388,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 345,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Recruitment",
      "sgv": "Other",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 17,
      "k_es": 17,
      "sd": 7.435,
      "lo": 5.928,
      "hi": 9.325,
      "tau2": 0.2138,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 2.921,
      "phi": 18.922,
      "i2": 97.3,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 346,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Recruitment",
      "sgv": "Other",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 50,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 7.076,
      "lo": 6.36,
      "hi": 7.873,
      "tau2": 0.1283,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 3.48,
      "phi": 14.388,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 347,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Not low risk of bias",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 48,
      "k_es": 51,
      "sd": 7.234,
      "lo": 6.54,
      "hi": 8.001,
      "tau2": 0.1141,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.703,
      "phi": 14.134,
      "i2": 95.5,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 348,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Not low risk of bias",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 50,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 7.076,
      "lo": 6.36,
      "hi": 7.873,
      "tau2": 0.1283,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 3.48,
      "phi": 14.388,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 349,
      "instr": "CAPS",
      "full": "Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 34,
      "k_es": 43,
      "sd": 21.757,
      "lo": 19.526,
      "hi": 24.242,
      "tau2": 0.0895,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 11.986,
      "phi": 39.493,
      "i2": 90.6,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Asukai, 2010",
          "ref": "Asukai N, Saito A, Tsuruta N, et al. Efficacy of exposure therapy for Japanese patients with posttraumatic stress disorder due to mixed traumatic events: A randomized controlled study. J Trauma Stress. 2010 Dec;23(6):744-50. doi: 10.1002/jts.20589. PMID: 21171135."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basoglu, 2005",
          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M, et al. Single-session behavioral treatment of earthquake-related posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized waiting list controlled trial. J Trauma Stress. 2005;18(1):1-11. doi: 10.1002/jts.20011. PMID: 16281190."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basoglu, 2007",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Beck, 2009",
          "ref": "Beck JG, Coffey SF, Foy DW, et al. Group cognitive behavior therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: an initial randomized pilot study. Behav Ther. 2009 Mar;40(1):82-92. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2008.01.003. PMID: 19187819."
        },
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          "study": "Blanchard, 2003",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Bohus, 2013",
          "ref": "Bohus MJ, Dyer AS, Priebe K, et al. Dialectical behaviour therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder after childhood sexual abuse in patients with and without borderline personality disorder: a randomised controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2013 Jun;82(4):221-33. doi: 10.1159/000348451. PMID: 23712109."
        },
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          "study": "Bradshaw, 2014",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Chard, 2005",
          "ref": "Chard KM. An evaluation of cognitive processing therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Oct;73(5):965-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.5.965. PMID: 16287396."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cloitre, 2002",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Ehlers, 2003",
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        },
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          "study": "Ehlers, 2014",
          "ref": "Ehlers A, Hackmann A, Grey N, et al. A randomized controlled trial of 7-day intensive and standard weekly cognitive therapy for PTSD and emotion-focused supportive therapy. Am J Psychiatry. 2014 Mar;171(3):294-304. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13040552. PMID: 24480899."
        },
        {
          "study": "ElBarazi, 2022",
          "ref": "ElBarazi A, Badary OA, Elmazar MM, et al. Cognitive Processing Therapy versus medication for the treatment of comorbid substance use disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder in Egyptian patients (randomized clinical trial). Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies. 2022;22(2):63-90. doi: 10.24193/jebp.2022.2.13."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fecteau, 1999",
          "ref": "Fecteau GW, Nicki RM. Cognitive behavioural treatment of post traumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accident. Behav. Cogn. Psychother. 1999 Jul;27(3):201-14."
        },
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          "study": "Fonzo, 2017",
          "ref": "Fonzo GA, Goodkind MS, Oathes DJ, et al. PTSD psychotherapy outcome predicted by brain activation during emotional reactivity and regulation. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Dec 1;174(12):1163-74. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091072. PMID: 28715908."
        },
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          "study": "Franklin, 2017",
          "ref": "Franklin CL, Cuccurullo LA, Walton JL, et al. Face to face but not in the same place: a pilot study of prolonged exposure therapy. J Trauma Dissociation. 2017 Jan-Feb;18(1):116-30. doi: 10.1080/15299732.2016.1205704. PMID: 27348462."
        },
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          "study": "Hinton, 2009",
          "ref": "Hinton DE, Hofmann SG, Pollack MH, et al. Mechanisms of efficacy of CBT for Cambodian refugees with PTSD: improvement in emotion regulation and orthostatic blood pressure response. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2009 Fall;15(3):255-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2009.00100.x. PMID: 19691545."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jacob, 2014",
          "ref": "Jacob N, Neuner F, Maedl A, et al. Dissemination of psychotherapy for trauma spectrum disorders in postconflict settings: a randomized controlled trial in Rwanda. Psychother Psychosom. 2014 Nov;83(6):354-63. doi: 10.1159/000365114. PMID: 25323203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnson DM, Zlotnick C, Perez SK. Cognitive behavioral treatment of PTSD in residents of battered women's shelters: results of a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2011 Aug;79(4):542-51. doi: 10.1037/a0023822. PMID: 21787052."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kubany, 2004",
          "ref": "Kubany ES, Hill EE, Owens JA, et al. Cognitive trauma therapy for battered women with PTSD (CTT-BW). J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004 Feb;72(1):3-18. doi: 10.1037/0022-006x.72.1.3. PMID: 14756610."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lewis, 2017",
          "ref": "Lewis CE, Farewell D, Groves V, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety. 2017 Jun;34(6):555-65. doi: 10.1002/da.22645. PMID: 28557299."
        },
        {
          "study": "McDonagh, 2005",
          "ref": "McDonagh A, Friedman MJ, McHugo GJ, et al. Randomized trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Jun;73(3):515-24. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.3.515. PMID: 15982149."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLay, 2011",
          "ref": "McLay RN, Wood DP, Webb-Murphy JA, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of virtual reality-graded exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in active duty service members with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011 Apr;14(4):223-9. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0003. PMID: 21332375."
        },
        {
          "study": "Miyahira, 2012",
          "ref": "Miyahira SD, Folen RA, Hoffman HG, et al. The effectiveness of VR exposure therapy for PTSD in returning warfighters. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2012;181:128-32. PMID: 22954842."
        },
        {
          "study": "Monson, 2012a",
          "ref": "Monson CM, Fredman SJ, Macdonald A, et al. Effect of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy for PTSD: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012 Aug 15;308(7):700-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.9307. PMID: 22893167."
        },
        {
          "study": "Morath, 2014",
          "ref": "Morath J, Gola H, Sommershof A, et al. The effect of trauma-focused therapy on the altered T cell distribution in individuals with PTSD: evidence from a randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res. 2014 Jul;54:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.03.016. PMID: 24726027."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mueser, 2008",
          "ref": "Mueser KT, Rosenberg SD, Xie HY, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in severe mental illness. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008 Apr;76(2):259-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.259. PMID: 18377122."
        },
        {
          "study": "Raabe, 2022",
          "ref": "Raabe S, Ehring T, Marquenie L, et al. Imagery rescripting as a stand-alone treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse: a randomized controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2022;77:101769. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101769. PMID: 36113906."
        },
        {
          "study": "Reger, 2016",
          "ref": "Reger GM, Koenen-Woods P, Zetocha K, et al. Randomized controlled trial of prolonged exposure using imaginal exposure vs. virtual reality exposure in active duty soldiers with deployment-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). J Consult Clin. Psychol. 2016 Nov;84(11):946-59. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000134. PMID: 27606699."
        },
        {
          "study": "Resick, 2002",
          "ref": "Resick PA, Nishith P, Weaver TL, et al. A comparison of cognitive-processing therapy with prolonged exposure and a waiting condition for the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in female rape victims. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Aug;70(4):867-79. PMID: 12182270."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson, 2022",
          "ref": "Simpson TL, Kaysen DL, Fleming CB, et al. Cognitive processing therapy or relapse prevention for comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorder: a randomized clinical trial. PLoS One. 2022;17(11):e0276111. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276111. PMID: 36445895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Kolk, 2007",
          "ref": "Van der Kolk BA, Spinazzola J, Blaustein ME, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), fluoxetine, and pill placebo in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: treatment effects and long-term maintenance. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007 Jan;68(1):37-46. doi: 10.4088/JCP.v68n0105. PMID: 17284128."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2011",
          "ref": "Vera M, Reyes-Rabanillo ML, Juarbe D, et al. Prolonged exposure for the treatment of Spanish-speaking Puerto Ricans with posttraumatic stress disorder: a feasibility study. BMC Res. Notes. 2011 Oct 17;4:415. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-415. PMID: 22005187."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wagner, 2019",
          "ref": "Wagner AW, Jakupcak M, Kowalski HM, et al. Behavioral activation as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder among returning veterans: a randomized trial. Psychiatr Serv. 2019 Oct 1;70(10):867-73. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201800572. PMID: 31337325."
        },
        {
          "study": "van den Berg, 2015",
          "ref": "van den Berg DP, de Bont PA, van der Vleugel BM, et al. Prolonged exposure vs Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing vs waiting list for posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with a psychotic disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015 Mar;72(3):259-67. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2637. PMID: 25607833."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "CAPS",
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      "sg": "No subgroup",
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      "k_es": 43,
      "sd": 21.757,
      "lo": 19.445,
      "hi": 24.344,
      "tau2": 0.0895,
      "tau2w": 0,
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      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Asukai, 2010",
          "ref": "Asukai N, Saito A, Tsuruta N, et al. Efficacy of exposure therapy for Japanese patients with posttraumatic stress disorder due to mixed traumatic events: A randomized controlled study. J Trauma Stress. 2010 Dec;23(6):744-50. doi: 10.1002/jts.20589. PMID: 21171135."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basoglu, 2005",
          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M, et al. Single-session behavioral treatment of earthquake-related posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized waiting list controlled trial. J Trauma Stress. 2005;18(1):1-11. doi: 10.1002/jts.20011. PMID: 16281190."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basoglu, 2007",
          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M. A randomized controlled study of single-session behavioural treatment of earthquake-related post-traumatic stress disorder using an earthquake simulator. Psychological Medicine. 2007;37(2):203-13. doi: 10.1017/S0033291706009123. PMID: 17254365."
        },
        {
          "study": "Beck, 2009",
          "ref": "Beck JG, Coffey SF, Foy DW, et al. Group cognitive behavior therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: an initial randomized pilot study. Behav Ther. 2009 Mar;40(1):82-92. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2008.01.003. PMID: 19187819."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanchard, 2003",
          "ref": "Blanchard EB, Hickling EJ, Devineni T, et al. A controlled evaluation of cognitive behavioural therapy for posttraumatic stress in motor vehicle accident survivors. Behav Res Ther. 2003 Jan;41(1):79-96. PMID: 12488121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bohus, 2013",
          "ref": "Bohus MJ, Dyer AS, Priebe K, et al. Dialectical behaviour therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder after childhood sexual abuse in patients with and without borderline personality disorder: a randomised controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2013 Jun;82(4):221-33. doi: 10.1159/000348451. PMID: 23712109."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bradshaw, 2014",
          "ref": "Bradshaw RA, McDonald MJ, Grace R, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Observed and Experiential Integration (OEI): a simple, innovative intervention for affect regulation in clients with PTSD. Traumatology (Tallahass Fla). 2014 Sep;20(3):161-71. doi: 10.1037/h0099401."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chard, 2005",
          "ref": "Chard KM. An evaluation of cognitive processing therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Oct;73(5):965-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.5.965. PMID: 16287396."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cloitre, 2002",
          "ref": "Cloitre M, Koenen KC, Cohen LR, et al. Skills training in affective and interpersonal regulation followed by exposure: a phase-based treatment for PTSD related to childhood abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Oct;70(5):1067-74. doi: 10.1037//0022-006X.70.5.1067. PMID: 12362957."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ehlers, 2003",
          "ref": "Ehlers A, Clark DM, Hackmann A, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive therapy, a self-help booklet, and repeated assessments as early interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60(10):1024-32. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.60.10.1024. PMID: 14557148."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ehlers, 2014",
          "ref": "Ehlers A, Hackmann A, Grey N, et al. A randomized controlled trial of 7-day intensive and standard weekly cognitive therapy for PTSD and emotion-focused supportive therapy. Am J Psychiatry. 2014 Mar;171(3):294-304. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13040552. PMID: 24480899."
        },
        {
          "study": "ElBarazi, 2022",
          "ref": "ElBarazi A, Badary OA, Elmazar MM, et al. Cognitive Processing Therapy versus medication for the treatment of comorbid substance use disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder in Egyptian patients (randomized clinical trial). Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies. 2022;22(2):63-90. doi: 10.24193/jebp.2022.2.13."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fecteau, 1999",
          "ref": "Fecteau GW, Nicki RM. Cognitive behavioural treatment of post traumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accident. Behav. Cogn. Psychother. 1999 Jul;27(3):201-14."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonzo, 2017",
          "ref": "Fonzo GA, Goodkind MS, Oathes DJ, et al. PTSD psychotherapy outcome predicted by brain activation during emotional reactivity and regulation. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Dec 1;174(12):1163-74. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091072. PMID: 28715908."
        },
        {
          "study": "Franklin, 2017",
          "ref": "Franklin CL, Cuccurullo LA, Walton JL, et al. Face to face but not in the same place: a pilot study of prolonged exposure therapy. J Trauma Dissociation. 2017 Jan-Feb;18(1):116-30. doi: 10.1080/15299732.2016.1205704. PMID: 27348462."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hinton, 2009",
          "ref": "Hinton DE, Hofmann SG, Pollack MH, et al. Mechanisms of efficacy of CBT for Cambodian refugees with PTSD: improvement in emotion regulation and orthostatic blood pressure response. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2009 Fall;15(3):255-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2009.00100.x. PMID: 19691545."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jacob, 2014",
          "ref": "Jacob N, Neuner F, Maedl A, et al. Dissemination of psychotherapy for trauma spectrum disorders in postconflict settings: a randomized controlled trial in Rwanda. Psychother Psychosom. 2014 Nov;83(6):354-63. doi: 10.1159/000365114. PMID: 25323203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnson DM, Zlotnick C, Perez SK. Cognitive behavioral treatment of PTSD in residents of battered women's shelters: results of a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2011 Aug;79(4):542-51. doi: 10.1037/a0023822. PMID: 21787052."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kubany, 2004",
          "ref": "Kubany ES, Hill EE, Owens JA, et al. Cognitive trauma therapy for battered women with PTSD (CTT-BW). J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004 Feb;72(1):3-18. doi: 10.1037/0022-006x.72.1.3. PMID: 14756610."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lewis, 2017",
          "ref": "Lewis CE, Farewell D, Groves V, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety. 2017 Jun;34(6):555-65. doi: 10.1002/da.22645. PMID: 28557299."
        },
        {
          "study": "McDonagh, 2005",
          "ref": "McDonagh A, Friedman MJ, McHugo GJ, et al. Randomized trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Jun;73(3):515-24. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.3.515. PMID: 15982149."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLay, 2011",
          "ref": "McLay RN, Wood DP, Webb-Murphy JA, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of virtual reality-graded exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in active duty service members with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011 Apr;14(4):223-9. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0003. PMID: 21332375."
        },
        {
          "study": "Miyahira, 2012",
          "ref": "Miyahira SD, Folen RA, Hoffman HG, et al. The effectiveness of VR exposure therapy for PTSD in returning warfighters. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2012;181:128-32. PMID: 22954842."
        },
        {
          "study": "Monson, 2012a",
          "ref": "Monson CM, Fredman SJ, Macdonald A, et al. Effect of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy for PTSD: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012 Aug 15;308(7):700-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.9307. PMID: 22893167."
        },
        {
          "study": "Morath, 2014",
          "ref": "Morath J, Gola H, Sommershof A, et al. The effect of trauma-focused therapy on the altered T cell distribution in individuals with PTSD: evidence from a randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res. 2014 Jul;54:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.03.016. PMID: 24726027."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mueser, 2008",
          "ref": "Mueser KT, Rosenberg SD, Xie HY, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in severe mental illness. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008 Apr;76(2):259-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.259. PMID: 18377122."
        },
        {
          "study": "Raabe, 2022",
          "ref": "Raabe S, Ehring T, Marquenie L, et al. Imagery rescripting as a stand-alone treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse: a randomized controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2022;77:101769. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101769. PMID: 36113906."
        },
        {
          "study": "Reger, 2016",
          "ref": "Reger GM, Koenen-Woods P, Zetocha K, et al. Randomized controlled trial of prolonged exposure using imaginal exposure vs. virtual reality exposure in active duty soldiers with deployment-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). J Consult Clin. Psychol. 2016 Nov;84(11):946-59. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000134. PMID: 27606699."
        },
        {
          "study": "Resick, 2002",
          "ref": "Resick PA, Nishith P, Weaver TL, et al. A comparison of cognitive-processing therapy with prolonged exposure and a waiting condition for the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in female rape victims. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Aug;70(4):867-79. PMID: 12182270."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson, 2022",
          "ref": "Simpson TL, Kaysen DL, Fleming CB, et al. Cognitive processing therapy or relapse prevention for comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorder: a randomized clinical trial. PLoS One. 2022;17(11):e0276111. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276111. PMID: 36445895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Kolk, 2007",
          "ref": "Van der Kolk BA, Spinazzola J, Blaustein ME, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), fluoxetine, and pill placebo in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: treatment effects and long-term maintenance. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007 Jan;68(1):37-46. doi: 10.4088/JCP.v68n0105. PMID: 17284128."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2011",
          "ref": "Vera M, Reyes-Rabanillo ML, Juarbe D, et al. Prolonged exposure for the treatment of Spanish-speaking Puerto Ricans with posttraumatic stress disorder: a feasibility study. BMC Res. Notes. 2011 Oct 17;4:415. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-415. PMID: 22005187."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wagner, 2019",
          "ref": "Wagner AW, Jakupcak M, Kowalski HM, et al. Behavioral activation as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder among returning veterans: a randomized trial. Psychiatr Serv. 2019 Oct 1;70(10):867-73. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201800572. PMID: 31337325."
        },
        {
          "study": "van den Berg, 2015",
          "ref": "van den Berg DP, de Bont PA, van der Vleugel BM, et al. Prolonged exposure vs Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing vs waiting list for posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with a psychotic disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015 Mar;72(3):259-67. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2637. PMID: 25607833."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 351,
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      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
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        {
          "study": "Asukai, 2010",
          "ref": "Asukai N, Saito A, Tsuruta N, et al. Efficacy of exposure therapy for Japanese patients with posttraumatic stress disorder due to mixed traumatic events: A randomized controlled study. J Trauma Stress. 2010 Dec;23(6):744-50. doi: 10.1002/jts.20589. PMID: 21171135."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basoglu, 2005",
          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M, et al. Single-session behavioral treatment of earthquake-related posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized waiting list controlled trial. J Trauma Stress. 2005;18(1):1-11. doi: 10.1002/jts.20011. PMID: 16281190."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basoglu, 2007",
          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M. A randomized controlled study of single-session behavioural treatment of earthquake-related post-traumatic stress disorder using an earthquake simulator. Psychological Medicine. 2007;37(2):203-13. doi: 10.1017/S0033291706009123. PMID: 17254365."
        },
        {
          "study": "Beck, 2009",
          "ref": "Beck JG, Coffey SF, Foy DW, et al. Group cognitive behavior therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: an initial randomized pilot study. Behav Ther. 2009 Mar;40(1):82-92. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2008.01.003. PMID: 19187819."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanchard, 2003",
          "ref": "Blanchard EB, Hickling EJ, Devineni T, et al. A controlled evaluation of cognitive behavioural therapy for posttraumatic stress in motor vehicle accident survivors. Behav Res Ther. 2003 Jan;41(1):79-96. PMID: 12488121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bohus, 2013",
          "ref": "Bohus MJ, Dyer AS, Priebe K, et al. Dialectical behaviour therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder after childhood sexual abuse in patients with and without borderline personality disorder: a randomised controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2013 Jun;82(4):221-33. doi: 10.1159/000348451. PMID: 23712109."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bradshaw, 2014",
          "ref": "Bradshaw RA, McDonald MJ, Grace R, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Observed and Experiential Integration (OEI): a simple, innovative intervention for affect regulation in clients with PTSD. Traumatology (Tallahass Fla). 2014 Sep;20(3):161-71. doi: 10.1037/h0099401."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chard, 2005",
          "ref": "Chard KM. An evaluation of cognitive processing therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Oct;73(5):965-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.5.965. PMID: 16287396."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cloitre, 2002",
          "ref": "Cloitre M, Koenen KC, Cohen LR, et al. Skills training in affective and interpersonal regulation followed by exposure: a phase-based treatment for PTSD related to childhood abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Oct;70(5):1067-74. doi: 10.1037//0022-006X.70.5.1067. PMID: 12362957."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ehlers, 2003",
          "ref": "Ehlers A, Clark DM, Hackmann A, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive therapy, a self-help booklet, and repeated assessments as early interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60(10):1024-32. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.60.10.1024. PMID: 14557148."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ehlers, 2014",
          "ref": "Ehlers A, Hackmann A, Grey N, et al. A randomized controlled trial of 7-day intensive and standard weekly cognitive therapy for PTSD and emotion-focused supportive therapy. Am J Psychiatry. 2014 Mar;171(3):294-304. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13040552. PMID: 24480899."
        },
        {
          "study": "ElBarazi, 2022",
          "ref": "ElBarazi A, Badary OA, Elmazar MM, et al. Cognitive Processing Therapy versus medication for the treatment of comorbid substance use disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder in Egyptian patients (randomized clinical trial). Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies. 2022;22(2):63-90. doi: 10.24193/jebp.2022.2.13."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fecteau, 1999",
          "ref": "Fecteau GW, Nicki RM. Cognitive behavioural treatment of post traumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accident. Behav. Cogn. Psychother. 1999 Jul;27(3):201-14."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonzo, 2017",
          "ref": "Fonzo GA, Goodkind MS, Oathes DJ, et al. PTSD psychotherapy outcome predicted by brain activation during emotional reactivity and regulation. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Dec 1;174(12):1163-74. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091072. PMID: 28715908."
        },
        {
          "study": "Franklin, 2017",
          "ref": "Franklin CL, Cuccurullo LA, Walton JL, et al. Face to face but not in the same place: a pilot study of prolonged exposure therapy. J Trauma Dissociation. 2017 Jan-Feb;18(1):116-30. doi: 10.1080/15299732.2016.1205704. PMID: 27348462."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hinton, 2009",
          "ref": "Hinton DE, Hofmann SG, Pollack MH, et al. Mechanisms of efficacy of CBT for Cambodian refugees with PTSD: improvement in emotion regulation and orthostatic blood pressure response. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2009 Fall;15(3):255-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2009.00100.x. PMID: 19691545."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jacob, 2014",
          "ref": "Jacob N, Neuner F, Maedl A, et al. Dissemination of psychotherapy for trauma spectrum disorders in postconflict settings: a randomized controlled trial in Rwanda. Psychother Psychosom. 2014 Nov;83(6):354-63. doi: 10.1159/000365114. PMID: 25323203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnson DM, Zlotnick C, Perez SK. Cognitive behavioral treatment of PTSD in residents of battered women's shelters: results of a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2011 Aug;79(4):542-51. doi: 10.1037/a0023822. PMID: 21787052."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kubany, 2004",
          "ref": "Kubany ES, Hill EE, Owens JA, et al. Cognitive trauma therapy for battered women with PTSD (CTT-BW). J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004 Feb;72(1):3-18. doi: 10.1037/0022-006x.72.1.3. PMID: 14756610."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lewis, 2017",
          "ref": "Lewis CE, Farewell D, Groves V, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety. 2017 Jun;34(6):555-65. doi: 10.1002/da.22645. PMID: 28557299."
        },
        {
          "study": "McDonagh, 2005",
          "ref": "McDonagh A, Friedman MJ, McHugo GJ, et al. Randomized trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Jun;73(3):515-24. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.3.515. PMID: 15982149."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLay, 2011",
          "ref": "McLay RN, Wood DP, Webb-Murphy JA, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of virtual reality-graded exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in active duty service members with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011 Apr;14(4):223-9. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0003. PMID: 21332375."
        },
        {
          "study": "Miyahira, 2012",
          "ref": "Miyahira SD, Folen RA, Hoffman HG, et al. The effectiveness of VR exposure therapy for PTSD in returning warfighters. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2012;181:128-32. PMID: 22954842."
        },
        {
          "study": "Monson, 2012a",
          "ref": "Monson CM, Fredman SJ, Macdonald A, et al. Effect of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy for PTSD: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012 Aug 15;308(7):700-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.9307. PMID: 22893167."
        },
        {
          "study": "Morath, 2014",
          "ref": "Morath J, Gola H, Sommershof A, et al. The effect of trauma-focused therapy on the altered T cell distribution in individuals with PTSD: evidence from a randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res. 2014 Jul;54:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.03.016. PMID: 24726027."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mueser, 2008",
          "ref": "Mueser KT, Rosenberg SD, Xie HY, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in severe mental illness. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008 Apr;76(2):259-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.259. PMID: 18377122."
        },
        {
          "study": "Raabe, 2022",
          "ref": "Raabe S, Ehring T, Marquenie L, et al. Imagery rescripting as a stand-alone treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse: a randomized controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2022;77:101769. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101769. PMID: 36113906."
        },
        {
          "study": "Reger, 2016",
          "ref": "Reger GM, Koenen-Woods P, Zetocha K, et al. Randomized controlled trial of prolonged exposure using imaginal exposure vs. virtual reality exposure in active duty soldiers with deployment-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). J Consult Clin. Psychol. 2016 Nov;84(11):946-59. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000134. PMID: 27606699."
        },
        {
          "study": "Resick, 2002",
          "ref": "Resick PA, Nishith P, Weaver TL, et al. A comparison of cognitive-processing therapy with prolonged exposure and a waiting condition for the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in female rape victims. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Aug;70(4):867-79. PMID: 12182270."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson, 2022",
          "ref": "Simpson TL, Kaysen DL, Fleming CB, et al. Cognitive processing therapy or relapse prevention for comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorder: a randomized clinical trial. PLoS One. 2022;17(11):e0276111. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276111. PMID: 36445895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Kolk, 2007",
          "ref": "Van der Kolk BA, Spinazzola J, Blaustein ME, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), fluoxetine, and pill placebo in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: treatment effects and long-term maintenance. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007 Jan;68(1):37-46. doi: 10.4088/JCP.v68n0105. PMID: 17284128."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2011",
          "ref": "Vera M, Reyes-Rabanillo ML, Juarbe D, et al. Prolonged exposure for the treatment of Spanish-speaking Puerto Ricans with posttraumatic stress disorder: a feasibility study. BMC Res. Notes. 2011 Oct 17;4:415. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-415. PMID: 22005187."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wagner, 2019",
          "ref": "Wagner AW, Jakupcak M, Kowalski HM, et al. Behavioral activation as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder among returning veterans: a randomized trial. Psychiatr Serv. 2019 Oct 1;70(10):867-73. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201800572. PMID: 31337325."
        },
        {
          "study": "van den Berg, 2015",
          "ref": "van den Berg DP, de Bont PA, van der Vleugel BM, et al. Prolonged exposure vs Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing vs waiting list for posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with a psychotic disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015 Mar;72(3):259-67. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2637. PMID: 25607833."
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    {
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        {
          "study": "Asukai, 2010",
          "ref": "Asukai N, Saito A, Tsuruta N, et al. Efficacy of exposure therapy for Japanese patients with posttraumatic stress disorder due to mixed traumatic events: A randomized controlled study. J Trauma Stress. 2010 Dec;23(6):744-50. doi: 10.1002/jts.20589. PMID: 21171135."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basoglu, 2005",
          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M, et al. Single-session behavioral treatment of earthquake-related posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized waiting list controlled trial. J Trauma Stress. 2005;18(1):1-11. doi: 10.1002/jts.20011. PMID: 16281190."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basoglu, 2007",
          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M. A randomized controlled study of single-session behavioural treatment of earthquake-related post-traumatic stress disorder using an earthquake simulator. Psychological Medicine. 2007;37(2):203-13. doi: 10.1017/S0033291706009123. PMID: 17254365."
        },
        {
          "study": "Beck, 2009",
          "ref": "Beck JG, Coffey SF, Foy DW, et al. Group cognitive behavior therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: an initial randomized pilot study. Behav Ther. 2009 Mar;40(1):82-92. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2008.01.003. PMID: 19187819."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanchard, 2003",
          "ref": "Blanchard EB, Hickling EJ, Devineni T, et al. A controlled evaluation of cognitive behavioural therapy for posttraumatic stress in motor vehicle accident survivors. Behav Res Ther. 2003 Jan;41(1):79-96. PMID: 12488121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bohus, 2013",
          "ref": "Bohus MJ, Dyer AS, Priebe K, et al. Dialectical behaviour therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder after childhood sexual abuse in patients with and without borderline personality disorder: a randomised controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2013 Jun;82(4):221-33. doi: 10.1159/000348451. PMID: 23712109."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bradshaw, 2014",
          "ref": "Bradshaw RA, McDonald MJ, Grace R, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Observed and Experiential Integration (OEI): a simple, innovative intervention for affect regulation in clients with PTSD. Traumatology (Tallahass Fla). 2014 Sep;20(3):161-71. doi: 10.1037/h0099401."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chard, 2005",
          "ref": "Chard KM. An evaluation of cognitive processing therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Oct;73(5):965-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.5.965. PMID: 16287396."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cloitre, 2002",
          "ref": "Cloitre M, Koenen KC, Cohen LR, et al. Skills training in affective and interpersonal regulation followed by exposure: a phase-based treatment for PTSD related to childhood abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Oct;70(5):1067-74. doi: 10.1037//0022-006X.70.5.1067. PMID: 12362957."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ehlers, 2014",
          "ref": "Ehlers A, Hackmann A, Grey N, et al. A randomized controlled trial of 7-day intensive and standard weekly cognitive therapy for PTSD and emotion-focused supportive therapy. Am J Psychiatry. 2014 Mar;171(3):294-304. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13040552. PMID: 24480899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fecteau, 1999",
          "ref": "Fecteau GW, Nicki RM. Cognitive behavioural treatment of post traumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accident. Behav. Cogn. Psychother. 1999 Jul;27(3):201-14."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonzo, 2017",
          "ref": "Fonzo GA, Goodkind MS, Oathes DJ, et al. PTSD psychotherapy outcome predicted by brain activation during emotional reactivity and regulation. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Dec 1;174(12):1163-74. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091072. PMID: 28715908."
        },
        {
          "study": "Franklin, 2017",
          "ref": "Franklin CL, Cuccurullo LA, Walton JL, et al. Face to face but not in the same place: a pilot study of prolonged exposure therapy. J Trauma Dissociation. 2017 Jan-Feb;18(1):116-30. doi: 10.1080/15299732.2016.1205704. PMID: 27348462."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jacob, 2014",
          "ref": "Jacob N, Neuner F, Maedl A, et al. Dissemination of psychotherapy for trauma spectrum disorders in postconflict settings: a randomized controlled trial in Rwanda. Psychother Psychosom. 2014 Nov;83(6):354-63. doi: 10.1159/000365114. PMID: 25323203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnson DM, Zlotnick C, Perez SK. Cognitive behavioral treatment of PTSD in residents of battered women's shelters: results of a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2011 Aug;79(4):542-51. doi: 10.1037/a0023822. PMID: 21787052."
        },
        {
          "study": "McDonagh, 2005",
          "ref": "McDonagh A, Friedman MJ, McHugo GJ, et al. Randomized trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Jun;73(3):515-24. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.3.515. PMID: 15982149."
        },
        {
          "study": "Miyahira, 2012",
          "ref": "Miyahira SD, Folen RA, Hoffman HG, et al. The effectiveness of VR exposure therapy for PTSD in returning warfighters. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2012;181:128-32. PMID: 22954842."
        },
        {
          "study": "Monson, 2012a",
          "ref": "Monson CM, Fredman SJ, Macdonald A, et al. Effect of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy for PTSD: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012 Aug 15;308(7):700-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.9307. PMID: 22893167."
        },
        {
          "study": "Morath, 2014",
          "ref": "Morath J, Gola H, Sommershof A, et al. The effect of trauma-focused therapy on the altered T cell distribution in individuals with PTSD: evidence from a randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res. 2014 Jul;54:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.03.016. PMID: 24726027."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mueser, 2008",
          "ref": "Mueser KT, Rosenberg SD, Xie HY, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in severe mental illness. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008 Apr;76(2):259-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.259. PMID: 18377122."
        },
        {
          "study": "Raabe, 2022",
          "ref": "Raabe S, Ehring T, Marquenie L, et al. Imagery rescripting as a stand-alone treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse: a randomized controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2022;77:101769. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101769. PMID: 36113906."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Kolk, 2007",
          "ref": "Van der Kolk BA, Spinazzola J, Blaustein ME, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), fluoxetine, and pill placebo in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: treatment effects and long-term maintenance. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007 Jan;68(1):37-46. doi: 10.4088/JCP.v68n0105. PMID: 17284128."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2011",
          "ref": "Vera M, Reyes-Rabanillo ML, Juarbe D, et al. Prolonged exposure for the treatment of Spanish-speaking Puerto Ricans with posttraumatic stress disorder: a feasibility study. BMC Res. Notes. 2011 Oct 17;4:415. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-415. PMID: 22005187."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wagner, 2019",
          "ref": "Wagner AW, Jakupcak M, Kowalski HM, et al. Behavioral activation as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder among returning veterans: a randomized trial. Psychiatr Serv. 2019 Oct 1;70(10):867-73. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201800572. PMID: 31337325."
        },
        {
          "study": "van den Berg, 2015",
          "ref": "van den Berg DP, de Bont PA, van der Vleugel BM, et al. Prolonged exposure vs Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing vs waiting list for posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with a psychotic disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015 Mar;72(3):259-67. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2637. PMID: 25607833."
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        {
          "study": "Asukai, 2010",
          "ref": "Asukai N, Saito A, Tsuruta N, et al. Efficacy of exposure therapy for Japanese patients with posttraumatic stress disorder due to mixed traumatic events: A randomized controlled study. J Trauma Stress. 2010 Dec;23(6):744-50. doi: 10.1002/jts.20589. PMID: 21171135."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basoglu, 2005",
          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M, et al. Single-session behavioral treatment of earthquake-related posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized waiting list controlled trial. J Trauma Stress. 2005;18(1):1-11. doi: 10.1002/jts.20011. PMID: 16281190."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basoglu, 2007",
          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M. A randomized controlled study of single-session behavioural treatment of earthquake-related post-traumatic stress disorder using an earthquake simulator. Psychological Medicine. 2007;37(2):203-13. doi: 10.1017/S0033291706009123. PMID: 17254365."
        },
        {
          "study": "Beck, 2009",
          "ref": "Beck JG, Coffey SF, Foy DW, et al. Group cognitive behavior therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: an initial randomized pilot study. Behav Ther. 2009 Mar;40(1):82-92. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2008.01.003. PMID: 19187819."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanchard, 2003",
          "ref": "Blanchard EB, Hickling EJ, Devineni T, et al. A controlled evaluation of cognitive behavioural therapy for posttraumatic stress in motor vehicle accident survivors. Behav Res Ther. 2003 Jan;41(1):79-96. PMID: 12488121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bohus, 2013",
          "ref": "Bohus MJ, Dyer AS, Priebe K, et al. Dialectical behaviour therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder after childhood sexual abuse in patients with and without borderline personality disorder: a randomised controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2013 Jun;82(4):221-33. doi: 10.1159/000348451. PMID: 23712109."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bradshaw, 2014",
          "ref": "Bradshaw RA, McDonald MJ, Grace R, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Observed and Experiential Integration (OEI): a simple, innovative intervention for affect regulation in clients with PTSD. Traumatology (Tallahass Fla). 2014 Sep;20(3):161-71. doi: 10.1037/h0099401."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chard, 2005",
          "ref": "Chard KM. An evaluation of cognitive processing therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Oct;73(5):965-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.5.965. PMID: 16287396."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cloitre, 2002",
          "ref": "Cloitre M, Koenen KC, Cohen LR, et al. Skills training in affective and interpersonal regulation followed by exposure: a phase-based treatment for PTSD related to childhood abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Oct;70(5):1067-74. doi: 10.1037//0022-006X.70.5.1067. PMID: 12362957."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ehlers, 2003",
          "ref": "Ehlers A, Clark DM, Hackmann A, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive therapy, a self-help booklet, and repeated assessments as early interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60(10):1024-32. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.60.10.1024. PMID: 14557148."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ehlers, 2014",
          "ref": "Ehlers A, Hackmann A, Grey N, et al. A randomized controlled trial of 7-day intensive and standard weekly cognitive therapy for PTSD and emotion-focused supportive therapy. Am J Psychiatry. 2014 Mar;171(3):294-304. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13040552. PMID: 24480899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fecteau, 1999",
          "ref": "Fecteau GW, Nicki RM. Cognitive behavioural treatment of post traumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accident. Behav. Cogn. Psychother. 1999 Jul;27(3):201-14."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonzo, 2017",
          "ref": "Fonzo GA, Goodkind MS, Oathes DJ, et al. PTSD psychotherapy outcome predicted by brain activation during emotional reactivity and regulation. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Dec 1;174(12):1163-74. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091072. PMID: 28715908."
        },
        {
          "study": "Franklin, 2017",
          "ref": "Franklin CL, Cuccurullo LA, Walton JL, et al. Face to face but not in the same place: a pilot study of prolonged exposure therapy. J Trauma Dissociation. 2017 Jan-Feb;18(1):116-30. doi: 10.1080/15299732.2016.1205704. PMID: 27348462."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hinton, 2009",
          "ref": "Hinton DE, Hofmann SG, Pollack MH, et al. Mechanisms of efficacy of CBT for Cambodian refugees with PTSD: improvement in emotion regulation and orthostatic blood pressure response. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2009 Fall;15(3):255-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2009.00100.x. PMID: 19691545."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jacob, 2014",
          "ref": "Jacob N, Neuner F, Maedl A, et al. Dissemination of psychotherapy for trauma spectrum disorders in postconflict settings: a randomized controlled trial in Rwanda. Psychother Psychosom. 2014 Nov;83(6):354-63. doi: 10.1159/000365114. PMID: 25323203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnson DM, Zlotnick C, Perez SK. Cognitive behavioral treatment of PTSD in residents of battered women's shelters: results of a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2011 Aug;79(4):542-51. doi: 10.1037/a0023822. PMID: 21787052."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kubany, 2004",
          "ref": "Kubany ES, Hill EE, Owens JA, et al. Cognitive trauma therapy for battered women with PTSD (CTT-BW). J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004 Feb;72(1):3-18. doi: 10.1037/0022-006x.72.1.3. PMID: 14756610."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lewis, 2017",
          "ref": "Lewis CE, Farewell D, Groves V, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety. 2017 Jun;34(6):555-65. doi: 10.1002/da.22645. PMID: 28557299."
        },
        {
          "study": "McDonagh, 2005",
          "ref": "McDonagh A, Friedman MJ, McHugo GJ, et al. Randomized trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Jun;73(3):515-24. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.3.515. PMID: 15982149."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLay, 2011",
          "ref": "McLay RN, Wood DP, Webb-Murphy JA, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of virtual reality-graded exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in active duty service members with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011 Apr;14(4):223-9. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0003. PMID: 21332375."
        },
        {
          "study": "Miyahira, 2012",
          "ref": "Miyahira SD, Folen RA, Hoffman HG, et al. The effectiveness of VR exposure therapy for PTSD in returning warfighters. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2012;181:128-32. PMID: 22954842."
        },
        {
          "study": "Monson, 2012a",
          "ref": "Monson CM, Fredman SJ, Macdonald A, et al. Effect of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy for PTSD: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012 Aug 15;308(7):700-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.9307. PMID: 22893167."
        },
        {
          "study": "Morath, 2014",
          "ref": "Morath J, Gola H, Sommershof A, et al. The effect of trauma-focused therapy on the altered T cell distribution in individuals with PTSD: evidence from a randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res. 2014 Jul;54:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.03.016. PMID: 24726027."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mueser, 2008",
          "ref": "Mueser KT, Rosenberg SD, Xie HY, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in severe mental illness. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008 Apr;76(2):259-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.259. PMID: 18377122."
        },
        {
          "study": "Raabe, 2022",
          "ref": "Raabe S, Ehring T, Marquenie L, et al. Imagery rescripting as a stand-alone treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse: a randomized controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2022;77:101769. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101769. PMID: 36113906."
        },
        {
          "study": "Reger, 2016",
          "ref": "Reger GM, Koenen-Woods P, Zetocha K, et al. Randomized controlled trial of prolonged exposure using imaginal exposure vs. virtual reality exposure in active duty soldiers with deployment-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). J Consult Clin. Psychol. 2016 Nov;84(11):946-59. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000134. PMID: 27606699."
        },
        {
          "study": "Resick, 2002",
          "ref": "Resick PA, Nishith P, Weaver TL, et al. A comparison of cognitive-processing therapy with prolonged exposure and a waiting condition for the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in female rape victims. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Aug;70(4):867-79. PMID: 12182270."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson, 2022",
          "ref": "Simpson TL, Kaysen DL, Fleming CB, et al. Cognitive processing therapy or relapse prevention for comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorder: a randomized clinical trial. PLoS One. 2022;17(11):e0276111. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276111. PMID: 36445895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Kolk, 2007",
          "ref": "Van der Kolk BA, Spinazzola J, Blaustein ME, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), fluoxetine, and pill placebo in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: treatment effects and long-term maintenance. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007 Jan;68(1):37-46. doi: 10.4088/JCP.v68n0105. PMID: 17284128."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2011",
          "ref": "Vera M, Reyes-Rabanillo ML, Juarbe D, et al. Prolonged exposure for the treatment of Spanish-speaking Puerto Ricans with posttraumatic stress disorder: a feasibility study. BMC Res. Notes. 2011 Oct 17;4:415. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-415. PMID: 22005187."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wagner, 2019",
          "ref": "Wagner AW, Jakupcak M, Kowalski HM, et al. Behavioral activation as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder among returning veterans: a randomized trial. Psychiatr Serv. 2019 Oct 1;70(10):867-73. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201800572. PMID: 31337325."
        },
        {
          "study": "van den Berg, 2015",
          "ref": "van den Berg DP, de Bont PA, van der Vleugel BM, et al. Prolonged exposure vs Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing vs waiting list for posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with a psychotic disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015 Mar;72(3):259-67. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2637. PMID: 25607833."
        }
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    },
    {
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      "instr": "CAPS",
      "full": "Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale",
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      "sg": "Age group",
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      "k_es": 38,
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      "lo": 20.517,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Basoglu, 2005",
          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M, et al. Single-session behavioral treatment of earthquake-related posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized waiting list controlled trial. J Trauma Stress. 2005;18(1):1-11. doi: 10.1002/jts.20011. PMID: 16281190."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basoglu, 2007",
          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M. A randomized controlled study of single-session behavioural treatment of earthquake-related post-traumatic stress disorder using an earthquake simulator. Psychological Medicine. 2007;37(2):203-13. doi: 10.1017/S0033291706009123. PMID: 17254365."
        },
        {
          "study": "Beck, 2009",
          "ref": "Beck JG, Coffey SF, Foy DW, et al. Group cognitive behavior therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: an initial randomized pilot study. Behav Ther. 2009 Mar;40(1):82-92. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2008.01.003. PMID: 19187819."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanchard, 2003",
          "ref": "Blanchard EB, Hickling EJ, Devineni T, et al. A controlled evaluation of cognitive behavioural therapy for posttraumatic stress in motor vehicle accident survivors. Behav Res Ther. 2003 Jan;41(1):79-96. PMID: 12488121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bohus, 2013",
          "ref": "Bohus MJ, Dyer AS, Priebe K, et al. Dialectical behaviour therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder after childhood sexual abuse in patients with and without borderline personality disorder: a randomised controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2013 Jun;82(4):221-33. doi: 10.1159/000348451. PMID: 23712109."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bradshaw, 2014",
          "ref": "Bradshaw RA, McDonald MJ, Grace R, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Observed and Experiential Integration (OEI): a simple, innovative intervention for affect regulation in clients with PTSD. Traumatology (Tallahass Fla). 2014 Sep;20(3):161-71. doi: 10.1037/h0099401."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chard, 2005",
          "ref": "Chard KM. An evaluation of cognitive processing therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Oct;73(5):965-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.5.965. PMID: 16287396."
        },
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          "ref": "Fonzo GA, Goodkind MS, Oathes DJ, et al. PTSD psychotherapy outcome predicted by brain activation during emotional reactivity and regulation. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Dec 1;174(12):1163-74. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091072. PMID: 28715908."
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          "ref": "Franklin CL, Cuccurullo LA, Walton JL, et al. Face to face but not in the same place: a pilot study of prolonged exposure therapy. J Trauma Dissociation. 2017 Jan-Feb;18(1):116-30. doi: 10.1080/15299732.2016.1205704. PMID: 27348462."
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          "ref": "Morath J, Gola H, Sommershof A, et al. The effect of trauma-focused therapy on the altered T cell distribution in individuals with PTSD: evidence from a randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res. 2014 Jul;54:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.03.016. PMID: 24726027."
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          "ref": "Raabe S, Ehring T, Marquenie L, et al. Imagery rescripting as a stand-alone treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse: a randomized controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2022;77:101769. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101769. PMID: 36113906."
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          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M. A randomized controlled study of single-session behavioural treatment of earthquake-related post-traumatic stress disorder using an earthquake simulator. Psychological Medicine. 2007;37(2):203-13. doi: 10.1017/S0033291706009123. PMID: 17254365."
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          "ref": "Beck JG, Coffey SF, Foy DW, et al. Group cognitive behavior therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: an initial randomized pilot study. Behav Ther. 2009 Mar;40(1):82-92. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2008.01.003. PMID: 19187819."
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        {
          "study": "Blanchard, 2003",
          "ref": "Blanchard EB, Hickling EJ, Devineni T, et al. A controlled evaluation of cognitive behavioural therapy for posttraumatic stress in motor vehicle accident survivors. Behav Res Ther. 2003 Jan;41(1):79-96. PMID: 12488121."
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          "ref": "Bohus MJ, Dyer AS, Priebe K, et al. Dialectical behaviour therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder after childhood sexual abuse in patients with and without borderline personality disorder: a randomised controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2013 Jun;82(4):221-33. doi: 10.1159/000348451. PMID: 23712109."
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          "ref": "Bradshaw RA, McDonald MJ, Grace R, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Observed and Experiential Integration (OEI): a simple, innovative intervention for affect regulation in clients with PTSD. Traumatology (Tallahass Fla). 2014 Sep;20(3):161-71. doi: 10.1037/h0099401."
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          "ref": "Chard KM. An evaluation of cognitive processing therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Oct;73(5):965-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.5.965. PMID: 16287396."
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        },
        {
          "study": "Ehlers, 2003",
          "ref": "Ehlers A, Clark DM, Hackmann A, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive therapy, a self-help booklet, and repeated assessments as early interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60(10):1024-32. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.60.10.1024. PMID: 14557148."
        },
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          "ref": "Ehlers A, Hackmann A, Grey N, et al. A randomized controlled trial of 7-day intensive and standard weekly cognitive therapy for PTSD and emotion-focused supportive therapy. Am J Psychiatry. 2014 Mar;171(3):294-304. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13040552. PMID: 24480899."
        },
        {
          "study": "ElBarazi, 2022",
          "ref": "ElBarazi A, Badary OA, Elmazar MM, et al. Cognitive Processing Therapy versus medication for the treatment of comorbid substance use disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder in Egyptian patients (randomized clinical trial). Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies. 2022;22(2):63-90. doi: 10.24193/jebp.2022.2.13."
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          "ref": "Fecteau GW, Nicki RM. Cognitive behavioural treatment of post traumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accident. Behav. Cogn. Psychother. 1999 Jul;27(3):201-14."
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          "ref": "Fonzo GA, Goodkind MS, Oathes DJ, et al. PTSD psychotherapy outcome predicted by brain activation during emotional reactivity and regulation. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Dec 1;174(12):1163-74. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091072. PMID: 28715908."
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          "ref": "Hinton DE, Hofmann SG, Pollack MH, et al. Mechanisms of efficacy of CBT for Cambodian refugees with PTSD: improvement in emotion regulation and orthostatic blood pressure response. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2009 Fall;15(3):255-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2009.00100.x. PMID: 19691545."
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        {
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          "ref": "Miyahira SD, Folen RA, Hoffman HG, et al. The effectiveness of VR exposure therapy for PTSD in returning warfighters. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2012;181:128-32. PMID: 22954842."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Monson CM, Fredman SJ, Macdonald A, et al. Effect of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy for PTSD: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012 Aug 15;308(7):700-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.9307. PMID: 22893167."
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          "ref": "Bradshaw RA, McDonald MJ, Grace R, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Observed and Experiential Integration (OEI): a simple, innovative intervention for affect regulation in clients with PTSD. Traumatology (Tallahass Fla). 2014 Sep;20(3):161-71. doi: 10.1037/h0099401."
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          "study": "Cloitre, 2002",
          "ref": "Cloitre M, Koenen KC, Cohen LR, et al. Skills training in affective and interpersonal regulation followed by exposure: a phase-based treatment for PTSD related to childhood abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Oct;70(5):1067-74. doi: 10.1037//0022-006X.70.5.1067. PMID: 12362957."
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        {
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          "ref": "Ehlers A, Clark DM, Hackmann A, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive therapy, a self-help booklet, and repeated assessments as early interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60(10):1024-32. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.60.10.1024. PMID: 14557148."
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          "ref": "Ehlers A, Hackmann A, Grey N, et al. A randomized controlled trial of 7-day intensive and standard weekly cognitive therapy for PTSD and emotion-focused supportive therapy. Am J Psychiatry. 2014 Mar;171(3):294-304. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13040552. PMID: 24480899."
        },
        {
          "study": "ElBarazi, 2022",
          "ref": "ElBarazi A, Badary OA, Elmazar MM, et al. Cognitive Processing Therapy versus medication for the treatment of comorbid substance use disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder in Egyptian patients (randomized clinical trial). Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies. 2022;22(2):63-90. doi: 10.24193/jebp.2022.2.13."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fecteau, 1999",
          "ref": "Fecteau GW, Nicki RM. Cognitive behavioural treatment of post traumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accident. Behav. Cogn. Psychother. 1999 Jul;27(3):201-14."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonzo, 2017",
          "ref": "Fonzo GA, Goodkind MS, Oathes DJ, et al. PTSD psychotherapy outcome predicted by brain activation during emotional reactivity and regulation. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Dec 1;174(12):1163-74. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091072. PMID: 28715908."
        },
        {
          "study": "Franklin, 2017",
          "ref": "Franklin CL, Cuccurullo LA, Walton JL, et al. Face to face but not in the same place: a pilot study of prolonged exposure therapy. J Trauma Dissociation. 2017 Jan-Feb;18(1):116-30. doi: 10.1080/15299732.2016.1205704. PMID: 27348462."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hinton, 2009",
          "ref": "Hinton DE, Hofmann SG, Pollack MH, et al. Mechanisms of efficacy of CBT for Cambodian refugees with PTSD: improvement in emotion regulation and orthostatic blood pressure response. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2009 Fall;15(3):255-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2009.00100.x. PMID: 19691545."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jacob, 2014",
          "ref": "Jacob N, Neuner F, Maedl A, et al. Dissemination of psychotherapy for trauma spectrum disorders in postconflict settings: a randomized controlled trial in Rwanda. Psychother Psychosom. 2014 Nov;83(6):354-63. doi: 10.1159/000365114. PMID: 25323203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnson DM, Zlotnick C, Perez SK. Cognitive behavioral treatment of PTSD in residents of battered women's shelters: results of a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2011 Aug;79(4):542-51. doi: 10.1037/a0023822. PMID: 21787052."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kubany, 2004",
          "ref": "Kubany ES, Hill EE, Owens JA, et al. Cognitive trauma therapy for battered women with PTSD (CTT-BW). J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004 Feb;72(1):3-18. doi: 10.1037/0022-006x.72.1.3. PMID: 14756610."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lewis, 2017",
          "ref": "Lewis CE, Farewell D, Groves V, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety. 2017 Jun;34(6):555-65. doi: 10.1002/da.22645. PMID: 28557299."
        },
        {
          "study": "McDonagh, 2005",
          "ref": "McDonagh A, Friedman MJ, McHugo GJ, et al. Randomized trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Jun;73(3):515-24. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.3.515. PMID: 15982149."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLay, 2011",
          "ref": "McLay RN, Wood DP, Webb-Murphy JA, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of virtual reality-graded exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in active duty service members with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011 Apr;14(4):223-9. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0003. PMID: 21332375."
        },
        {
          "study": "Miyahira, 2012",
          "ref": "Miyahira SD, Folen RA, Hoffman HG, et al. The effectiveness of VR exposure therapy for PTSD in returning warfighters. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2012;181:128-32. PMID: 22954842."
        },
        {
          "study": "Monson, 2012a",
          "ref": "Monson CM, Fredman SJ, Macdonald A, et al. Effect of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy for PTSD: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012 Aug 15;308(7):700-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.9307. PMID: 22893167."
        },
        {
          "study": "Morath, 2014",
          "ref": "Morath J, Gola H, Sommershof A, et al. The effect of trauma-focused therapy on the altered T cell distribution in individuals with PTSD: evidence from a randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res. 2014 Jul;54:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.03.016. PMID: 24726027."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mueser, 2008",
          "ref": "Mueser KT, Rosenberg SD, Xie HY, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in severe mental illness. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008 Apr;76(2):259-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.259. PMID: 18377122."
        },
        {
          "study": "Raabe, 2022",
          "ref": "Raabe S, Ehring T, Marquenie L, et al. Imagery rescripting as a stand-alone treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse: a randomized controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2022;77:101769. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101769. PMID: 36113906."
        },
        {
          "study": "Reger, 2016",
          "ref": "Reger GM, Koenen-Woods P, Zetocha K, et al. Randomized controlled trial of prolonged exposure using imaginal exposure vs. virtual reality exposure in active duty soldiers with deployment-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). J Consult Clin. Psychol. 2016 Nov;84(11):946-59. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000134. PMID: 27606699."
        },
        {
          "study": "Resick, 2002",
          "ref": "Resick PA, Nishith P, Weaver TL, et al. A comparison of cognitive-processing therapy with prolonged exposure and a waiting condition for the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in female rape victims. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Aug;70(4):867-79. PMID: 12182270."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson, 2022",
          "ref": "Simpson TL, Kaysen DL, Fleming CB, et al. Cognitive processing therapy or relapse prevention for comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorder: a randomized clinical trial. PLoS One. 2022;17(11):e0276111. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276111. PMID: 36445895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Kolk, 2007",
          "ref": "Van der Kolk BA, Spinazzola J, Blaustein ME, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), fluoxetine, and pill placebo in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: treatment effects and long-term maintenance. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007 Jan;68(1):37-46. doi: 10.4088/JCP.v68n0105. PMID: 17284128."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2011",
          "ref": "Vera M, Reyes-Rabanillo ML, Juarbe D, et al. Prolonged exposure for the treatment of Spanish-speaking Puerto Ricans with posttraumatic stress disorder: a feasibility study. BMC Res. Notes. 2011 Oct 17;4:415. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-415. PMID: 22005187."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wagner, 2019",
          "ref": "Wagner AW, Jakupcak M, Kowalski HM, et al. Behavioral activation as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder among returning veterans: a randomized trial. Psychiatr Serv. 2019 Oct 1;70(10):867-73. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201800572. PMID: 31337325."
        },
        {
          "study": "van den Berg, 2015",
          "ref": "van den Berg DP, de Bont PA, van der Vleugel BM, et al. Prolonged exposure vs Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing vs waiting list for posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with a psychotic disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015 Mar;72(3):259-67. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2637. PMID: 25607833."
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        {
          "study": "Chard, 2005",
          "ref": "Chard KM. An evaluation of cognitive processing therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Oct;73(5):965-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.5.965. PMID: 16287396."
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          "ref": "Cloitre M, Koenen KC, Cohen LR, et al. Skills training in affective and interpersonal regulation followed by exposure: a phase-based treatment for PTSD related to childhood abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Oct;70(5):1067-74. doi: 10.1037//0022-006X.70.5.1067. PMID: 12362957."
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          "ref": "ElBarazi A, Badary OA, Elmazar MM, et al. Cognitive Processing Therapy versus medication for the treatment of comorbid substance use disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder in Egyptian patients (randomized clinical trial). Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies. 2022;22(2):63-90. doi: 10.24193/jebp.2022.2.13."
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        {
          "study": "Miyahira, 2012",
          "ref": "Miyahira SD, Folen RA, Hoffman HG, et al. The effectiveness of VR exposure therapy for PTSD in returning warfighters. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2012;181:128-32. PMID: 22954842."
        },
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          "study": "Resick, 2002",
          "ref": "Resick PA, Nishith P, Weaver TL, et al. A comparison of cognitive-processing therapy with prolonged exposure and a waiting condition for the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in female rape victims. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Aug;70(4):867-79. PMID: 12182270."
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          "ref": "Simpson TL, Kaysen DL, Fleming CB, et al. Cognitive processing therapy or relapse prevention for comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorder: a randomized clinical trial. PLoS One. 2022;17(11):e0276111. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276111. PMID: 36445895."
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          "ref": "Van der Kolk BA, Spinazzola J, Blaustein ME, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), fluoxetine, and pill placebo in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: treatment effects and long-term maintenance. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007 Jan;68(1):37-46. doi: 10.4088/JCP.v68n0105. PMID: 17284128."
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        {
          "study": "Asukai, 2010",
          "ref": "Asukai N, Saito A, Tsuruta N, et al. Efficacy of exposure therapy for Japanese patients with posttraumatic stress disorder due to mixed traumatic events: A randomized controlled study. J Trauma Stress. 2010 Dec;23(6):744-50. doi: 10.1002/jts.20589. PMID: 21171135."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basoglu, 2005",
          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M, et al. Single-session behavioral treatment of earthquake-related posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized waiting list controlled trial. J Trauma Stress. 2005;18(1):1-11. doi: 10.1002/jts.20011. PMID: 16281190."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basoglu, 2007",
          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M. A randomized controlled study of single-session behavioural treatment of earthquake-related post-traumatic stress disorder using an earthquake simulator. Psychological Medicine. 2007;37(2):203-13. doi: 10.1017/S0033291706009123. PMID: 17254365."
        },
        {
          "study": "Beck, 2009",
          "ref": "Beck JG, Coffey SF, Foy DW, et al. Group cognitive behavior therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: an initial randomized pilot study. Behav Ther. 2009 Mar;40(1):82-92. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2008.01.003. PMID: 19187819."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanchard, 2003",
          "ref": "Blanchard EB, Hickling EJ, Devineni T, et al. A controlled evaluation of cognitive behavioural therapy for posttraumatic stress in motor vehicle accident survivors. Behav Res Ther. 2003 Jan;41(1):79-96. PMID: 12488121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bohus, 2013",
          "ref": "Bohus MJ, Dyer AS, Priebe K, et al. Dialectical behaviour therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder after childhood sexual abuse in patients with and without borderline personality disorder: a randomised controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2013 Jun;82(4):221-33. doi: 10.1159/000348451. PMID: 23712109."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bradshaw, 2014",
          "ref": "Bradshaw RA, McDonald MJ, Grace R, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Observed and Experiential Integration (OEI): a simple, innovative intervention for affect regulation in clients with PTSD. Traumatology (Tallahass Fla). 2014 Sep;20(3):161-71. doi: 10.1037/h0099401."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chard, 2005",
          "ref": "Chard KM. An evaluation of cognitive processing therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Oct;73(5):965-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.5.965. PMID: 16287396."
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        {
          "study": "Cloitre, 2002",
          "ref": "Cloitre M, Koenen KC, Cohen LR, et al. Skills training in affective and interpersonal regulation followed by exposure: a phase-based treatment for PTSD related to childhood abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Oct;70(5):1067-74. doi: 10.1037//0022-006X.70.5.1067. PMID: 12362957."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ehlers, 2003",
          "ref": "Ehlers A, Clark DM, Hackmann A, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive therapy, a self-help booklet, and repeated assessments as early interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60(10):1024-32. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.60.10.1024. PMID: 14557148."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ehlers, 2014",
          "ref": "Ehlers A, Hackmann A, Grey N, et al. A randomized controlled trial of 7-day intensive and standard weekly cognitive therapy for PTSD and emotion-focused supportive therapy. Am J Psychiatry. 2014 Mar;171(3):294-304. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13040552. PMID: 24480899."
        },
        {
          "study": "ElBarazi, 2022",
          "ref": "ElBarazi A, Badary OA, Elmazar MM, et al. Cognitive Processing Therapy versus medication for the treatment of comorbid substance use disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder in Egyptian patients (randomized clinical trial). Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies. 2022;22(2):63-90. doi: 10.24193/jebp.2022.2.13."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fecteau, 1999",
          "ref": "Fecteau GW, Nicki RM. Cognitive behavioural treatment of post traumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accident. Behav. Cogn. Psychother. 1999 Jul;27(3):201-14."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonzo, 2017",
          "ref": "Fonzo GA, Goodkind MS, Oathes DJ, et al. PTSD psychotherapy outcome predicted by brain activation during emotional reactivity and regulation. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Dec 1;174(12):1163-74. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091072. PMID: 28715908."
        },
        {
          "study": "Franklin, 2017",
          "ref": "Franklin CL, Cuccurullo LA, Walton JL, et al. Face to face but not in the same place: a pilot study of prolonged exposure therapy. J Trauma Dissociation. 2017 Jan-Feb;18(1):116-30. doi: 10.1080/15299732.2016.1205704. PMID: 27348462."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hinton, 2009",
          "ref": "Hinton DE, Hofmann SG, Pollack MH, et al. Mechanisms of efficacy of CBT for Cambodian refugees with PTSD: improvement in emotion regulation and orthostatic blood pressure response. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2009 Fall;15(3):255-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2009.00100.x. PMID: 19691545."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jacob, 2014",
          "ref": "Jacob N, Neuner F, Maedl A, et al. Dissemination of psychotherapy for trauma spectrum disorders in postconflict settings: a randomized controlled trial in Rwanda. Psychother Psychosom. 2014 Nov;83(6):354-63. doi: 10.1159/000365114. PMID: 25323203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnson DM, Zlotnick C, Perez SK. Cognitive behavioral treatment of PTSD in residents of battered women's shelters: results of a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2011 Aug;79(4):542-51. doi: 10.1037/a0023822. PMID: 21787052."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kubany, 2004",
          "ref": "Kubany ES, Hill EE, Owens JA, et al. Cognitive trauma therapy for battered women with PTSD (CTT-BW). J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004 Feb;72(1):3-18. doi: 10.1037/0022-006x.72.1.3. PMID: 14756610."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lewis, 2017",
          "ref": "Lewis CE, Farewell D, Groves V, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety. 2017 Jun;34(6):555-65. doi: 10.1002/da.22645. PMID: 28557299."
        },
        {
          "study": "McDonagh, 2005",
          "ref": "McDonagh A, Friedman MJ, McHugo GJ, et al. Randomized trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Jun;73(3):515-24. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.3.515. PMID: 15982149."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLay, 2011",
          "ref": "McLay RN, Wood DP, Webb-Murphy JA, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of virtual reality-graded exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in active duty service members with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011 Apr;14(4):223-9. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0003. PMID: 21332375."
        },
        {
          "study": "Miyahira, 2012",
          "ref": "Miyahira SD, Folen RA, Hoffman HG, et al. The effectiveness of VR exposure therapy for PTSD in returning warfighters. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2012;181:128-32. PMID: 22954842."
        },
        {
          "study": "Monson, 2012a",
          "ref": "Monson CM, Fredman SJ, Macdonald A, et al. Effect of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy for PTSD: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012 Aug 15;308(7):700-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.9307. PMID: 22893167."
        },
        {
          "study": "Morath, 2014",
          "ref": "Morath J, Gola H, Sommershof A, et al. The effect of trauma-focused therapy on the altered T cell distribution in individuals with PTSD: evidence from a randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res. 2014 Jul;54:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.03.016. PMID: 24726027."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mueser, 2008",
          "ref": "Mueser KT, Rosenberg SD, Xie HY, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in severe mental illness. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008 Apr;76(2):259-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.259. PMID: 18377122."
        },
        {
          "study": "Raabe, 2022",
          "ref": "Raabe S, Ehring T, Marquenie L, et al. Imagery rescripting as a stand-alone treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse: a randomized controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2022;77:101769. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101769. PMID: 36113906."
        },
        {
          "study": "Reger, 2016",
          "ref": "Reger GM, Koenen-Woods P, Zetocha K, et al. Randomized controlled trial of prolonged exposure using imaginal exposure vs. virtual reality exposure in active duty soldiers with deployment-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). J Consult Clin. Psychol. 2016 Nov;84(11):946-59. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000134. PMID: 27606699."
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          "study": "Resick, 2002",
          "ref": "Resick PA, Nishith P, Weaver TL, et al. A comparison of cognitive-processing therapy with prolonged exposure and a waiting condition for the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in female rape victims. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Aug;70(4):867-79. PMID: 12182270."
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          "ref": "Simpson TL, Kaysen DL, Fleming CB, et al. Cognitive processing therapy or relapse prevention for comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorder: a randomized clinical trial. PLoS One. 2022;17(11):e0276111. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276111. PMID: 36445895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Kolk, 2007",
          "ref": "Van der Kolk BA, Spinazzola J, Blaustein ME, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), fluoxetine, and pill placebo in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: treatment effects and long-term maintenance. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007 Jan;68(1):37-46. doi: 10.4088/JCP.v68n0105. PMID: 17284128."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2011",
          "ref": "Vera M, Reyes-Rabanillo ML, Juarbe D, et al. Prolonged exposure for the treatment of Spanish-speaking Puerto Ricans with posttraumatic stress disorder: a feasibility study. BMC Res. Notes. 2011 Oct 17;4:415. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-415. PMID: 22005187."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wagner, 2019",
          "ref": "Wagner AW, Jakupcak M, Kowalski HM, et al. Behavioral activation as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder among returning veterans: a randomized trial. Psychiatr Serv. 2019 Oct 1;70(10):867-73. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201800572. PMID: 31337325."
        },
        {
          "study": "van den Berg, 2015",
          "ref": "van den Berg DP, de Bont PA, van der Vleugel BM, et al. Prolonged exposure vs Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing vs waiting list for posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with a psychotic disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015 Mar;72(3):259-67. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2637. PMID: 25607833."
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          "study": "Basoglu, 2005",
          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M, et al. Single-session behavioral treatment of earthquake-related posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized waiting list controlled trial. J Trauma Stress. 2005;18(1):1-11. doi: 10.1002/jts.20011. PMID: 16281190."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basoglu, 2007",
          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M. A randomized controlled study of single-session behavioural treatment of earthquake-related post-traumatic stress disorder using an earthquake simulator. Psychological Medicine. 2007;37(2):203-13. doi: 10.1017/S0033291706009123. PMID: 17254365."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanchard, 2003",
          "ref": "Blanchard EB, Hickling EJ, Devineni T, et al. A controlled evaluation of cognitive behavioural therapy for posttraumatic stress in motor vehicle accident survivors. Behav Res Ther. 2003 Jan;41(1):79-96. PMID: 12488121."
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          "ref": "McLay RN, Wood DP, Webb-Murphy JA, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of virtual reality-graded exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in active duty service members with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011 Apr;14(4):223-9. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0003. PMID: 21332375."
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          "ref": "Mueser KT, Rosenberg SD, Xie HY, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in severe mental illness. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008 Apr;76(2):259-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.259. PMID: 18377122."
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          "ref": "Van der Kolk BA, Spinazzola J, Blaustein ME, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), fluoxetine, and pill placebo in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: treatment effects and long-term maintenance. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007 Jan;68(1):37-46. doi: 10.4088/JCP.v68n0105. PMID: 17284128."
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          "ref": "Vera M, Reyes-Rabanillo ML, Juarbe D, et al. Prolonged exposure for the treatment of Spanish-speaking Puerto Ricans with posttraumatic stress disorder: a feasibility study. BMC Res. Notes. 2011 Oct 17;4:415. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-415. PMID: 22005187."
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          "ref": "McLay RN, Wood DP, Webb-Murphy JA, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of virtual reality-graded exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in active duty service members with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011 Apr;14(4):223-9. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0003. PMID: 21332375."
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          "ref": "Monson CM, Fredman SJ, Macdonald A, et al. Effect of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy for PTSD: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012 Aug 15;308(7):700-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.9307. PMID: 22893167."
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          "ref": "Raabe S, Ehring T, Marquenie L, et al. Imagery rescripting as a stand-alone treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse: a randomized controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2022;77:101769. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101769. PMID: 36113906."
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          "ref": "Vera M, Reyes-Rabanillo ML, Juarbe D, et al. Prolonged exposure for the treatment of Spanish-speaking Puerto Ricans with posttraumatic stress disorder: a feasibility study. BMC Res. Notes. 2011 Oct 17;4:415. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-415. PMID: 22005187."
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          "ref": "Wagner AW, Jakupcak M, Kowalski HM, et al. Behavioral activation as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder among returning veterans: a randomized trial. Psychiatr Serv. 2019 Oct 1;70(10):867-73. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201800572. PMID: 31337325."
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        {
          "study": "Asukai, 2010",
          "ref": "Asukai N, Saito A, Tsuruta N, et al. Efficacy of exposure therapy for Japanese patients with posttraumatic stress disorder due to mixed traumatic events: A randomized controlled study. J Trauma Stress. 2010 Dec;23(6):744-50. doi: 10.1002/jts.20589. PMID: 21171135."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basoglu, 2005",
          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M, et al. Single-session behavioral treatment of earthquake-related posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized waiting list controlled trial. J Trauma Stress. 2005;18(1):1-11. doi: 10.1002/jts.20011. PMID: 16281190."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basoglu, 2007",
          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M. A randomized controlled study of single-session behavioural treatment of earthquake-related post-traumatic stress disorder using an earthquake simulator. Psychological Medicine. 2007;37(2):203-13. doi: 10.1017/S0033291706009123. PMID: 17254365."
        },
        {
          "study": "Beck, 2009",
          "ref": "Beck JG, Coffey SF, Foy DW, et al. Group cognitive behavior therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: an initial randomized pilot study. Behav Ther. 2009 Mar;40(1):82-92. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2008.01.003. PMID: 19187819."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanchard, 2003",
          "ref": "Blanchard EB, Hickling EJ, Devineni T, et al. A controlled evaluation of cognitive behavioural therapy for posttraumatic stress in motor vehicle accident survivors. Behav Res Ther. 2003 Jan;41(1):79-96. PMID: 12488121."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Bohus MJ, Dyer AS, Priebe K, et al. Dialectical behaviour therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder after childhood sexual abuse in patients with and without borderline personality disorder: a randomised controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2013 Jun;82(4):221-33. doi: 10.1159/000348451. PMID: 23712109."
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        {
          "study": "Bradshaw, 2014",
          "ref": "Bradshaw RA, McDonald MJ, Grace R, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Observed and Experiential Integration (OEI): a simple, innovative intervention for affect regulation in clients with PTSD. Traumatology (Tallahass Fla). 2014 Sep;20(3):161-71. doi: 10.1037/h0099401."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chard, 2005",
          "ref": "Chard KM. An evaluation of cognitive processing therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Oct;73(5):965-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.5.965. PMID: 16287396."
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        {
          "study": "Cloitre, 2002",
          "ref": "Cloitre M, Koenen KC, Cohen LR, et al. Skills training in affective and interpersonal regulation followed by exposure: a phase-based treatment for PTSD related to childhood abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Oct;70(5):1067-74. doi: 10.1037//0022-006X.70.5.1067. PMID: 12362957."
        },
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          "ref": "Ehlers A, Clark DM, Hackmann A, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive therapy, a self-help booklet, and repeated assessments as early interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60(10):1024-32. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.60.10.1024. PMID: 14557148."
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          "ref": "Ehlers A, Hackmann A, Grey N, et al. A randomized controlled trial of 7-day intensive and standard weekly cognitive therapy for PTSD and emotion-focused supportive therapy. Am J Psychiatry. 2014 Mar;171(3):294-304. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13040552. PMID: 24480899."
        },
        {
          "study": "ElBarazi, 2022",
          "ref": "ElBarazi A, Badary OA, Elmazar MM, et al. Cognitive Processing Therapy versus medication for the treatment of comorbid substance use disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder in Egyptian patients (randomized clinical trial). Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies. 2022;22(2):63-90. doi: 10.24193/jebp.2022.2.13."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fecteau, 1999",
          "ref": "Fecteau GW, Nicki RM. Cognitive behavioural treatment of post traumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accident. Behav. Cogn. Psychother. 1999 Jul;27(3):201-14."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonzo, 2017",
          "ref": "Fonzo GA, Goodkind MS, Oathes DJ, et al. PTSD psychotherapy outcome predicted by brain activation during emotional reactivity and regulation. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Dec 1;174(12):1163-74. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091072. PMID: 28715908."
        },
        {
          "study": "Franklin, 2017",
          "ref": "Franklin CL, Cuccurullo LA, Walton JL, et al. Face to face but not in the same place: a pilot study of prolonged exposure therapy. J Trauma Dissociation. 2017 Jan-Feb;18(1):116-30. doi: 10.1080/15299732.2016.1205704. PMID: 27348462."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hinton, 2009",
          "ref": "Hinton DE, Hofmann SG, Pollack MH, et al. Mechanisms of efficacy of CBT for Cambodian refugees with PTSD: improvement in emotion regulation and orthostatic blood pressure response. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2009 Fall;15(3):255-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2009.00100.x. PMID: 19691545."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jacob, 2014",
          "ref": "Jacob N, Neuner F, Maedl A, et al. Dissemination of psychotherapy for trauma spectrum disorders in postconflict settings: a randomized controlled trial in Rwanda. Psychother Psychosom. 2014 Nov;83(6):354-63. doi: 10.1159/000365114. PMID: 25323203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnson DM, Zlotnick C, Perez SK. Cognitive behavioral treatment of PTSD in residents of battered women's shelters: results of a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2011 Aug;79(4):542-51. doi: 10.1037/a0023822. PMID: 21787052."
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          "ref": "Kubany ES, Hill EE, Owens JA, et al. Cognitive trauma therapy for battered women with PTSD (CTT-BW). J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004 Feb;72(1):3-18. doi: 10.1037/0022-006x.72.1.3. PMID: 14756610."
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        {
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          "ref": "Lewis CE, Farewell D, Groves V, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety. 2017 Jun;34(6):555-65. doi: 10.1002/da.22645. PMID: 28557299."
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          "ref": "McDonagh A, Friedman MJ, McHugo GJ, et al. Randomized trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Jun;73(3):515-24. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.3.515. PMID: 15982149."
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        {
          "study": "McLay, 2011",
          "ref": "McLay RN, Wood DP, Webb-Murphy JA, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of virtual reality-graded exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in active duty service members with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011 Apr;14(4):223-9. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0003. PMID: 21332375."
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          "study": "Monson, 2012a",
          "ref": "Monson CM, Fredman SJ, Macdonald A, et al. Effect of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy for PTSD: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012 Aug 15;308(7):700-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.9307. PMID: 22893167."
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          "ref": "Morath J, Gola H, Sommershof A, et al. The effect of trauma-focused therapy on the altered T cell distribution in individuals with PTSD: evidence from a randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res. 2014 Jul;54:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.03.016. PMID: 24726027."
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          "ref": "Mueser KT, Rosenberg SD, Xie HY, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in severe mental illness. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008 Apr;76(2):259-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.259. PMID: 18377122."
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          "ref": "Raabe S, Ehring T, Marquenie L, et al. Imagery rescripting as a stand-alone treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse: a randomized controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2022;77:101769. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101769. PMID: 36113906."
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          "ref": "Vera M, Reyes-Rabanillo ML, Juarbe D, et al. Prolonged exposure for the treatment of Spanish-speaking Puerto Ricans with posttraumatic stress disorder: a feasibility study. BMC Res. Notes. 2011 Oct 17;4:415. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-415. PMID: 22005187."
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          "ref": "Wagner AW, Jakupcak M, Kowalski HM, et al. Behavioral activation as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder among returning veterans: a randomized trial. Psychiatr Serv. 2019 Oct 1;70(10):867-73. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201800572. PMID: 31337325."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "van den Berg DP, de Bont PA, van der Vleugel BM, et al. Prolonged exposure vs Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing vs waiting list for posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with a psychotic disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015 Mar;72(3):259-67. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2637. PMID: 25607833."
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        {
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          "ref": "Blanchard EB, Hickling EJ, Devineni T, et al. A controlled evaluation of cognitive behavioural therapy for posttraumatic stress in motor vehicle accident survivors. Behav Res Ther. 2003 Jan;41(1):79-96. PMID: 12488121."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Bradshaw RA, McDonald MJ, Grace R, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Observed and Experiential Integration (OEI): a simple, innovative intervention for affect regulation in clients with PTSD. Traumatology (Tallahass Fla). 2014 Sep;20(3):161-71. doi: 10.1037/h0099401."
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          "ref": "Fonzo GA, Goodkind MS, Oathes DJ, et al. PTSD psychotherapy outcome predicted by brain activation during emotional reactivity and regulation. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Dec 1;174(12):1163-74. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091072. PMID: 28715908."
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          "ref": "Franklin CL, Cuccurullo LA, Walton JL, et al. Face to face but not in the same place: a pilot study of prolonged exposure therapy. J Trauma Dissociation. 2017 Jan-Feb;18(1):116-30. doi: 10.1080/15299732.2016.1205704. PMID: 27348462."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hinton, 2009",
          "ref": "Hinton DE, Hofmann SG, Pollack MH, et al. Mechanisms of efficacy of CBT for Cambodian refugees with PTSD: improvement in emotion regulation and orthostatic blood pressure response. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2009 Fall;15(3):255-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2009.00100.x. PMID: 19691545."
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          "ref": "Johnson DM, Zlotnick C, Perez SK. Cognitive behavioral treatment of PTSD in residents of battered women's shelters: results of a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2011 Aug;79(4):542-51. doi: 10.1037/a0023822. PMID: 21787052."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kubany, 2004",
          "ref": "Kubany ES, Hill EE, Owens JA, et al. Cognitive trauma therapy for battered women with PTSD (CTT-BW). J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004 Feb;72(1):3-18. doi: 10.1037/0022-006x.72.1.3. PMID: 14756610."
        },
        {
          "study": "McDonagh, 2005",
          "ref": "McDonagh A, Friedman MJ, McHugo GJ, et al. Randomized trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Jun;73(3):515-24. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.3.515. PMID: 15982149."
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          "ref": "McLay RN, Wood DP, Webb-Murphy JA, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of virtual reality-graded exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in active duty service members with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011 Apr;14(4):223-9. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0003. PMID: 21332375."
        },
        {
          "study": "Miyahira, 2012",
          "ref": "Miyahira SD, Folen RA, Hoffman HG, et al. The effectiveness of VR exposure therapy for PTSD in returning warfighters. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2012;181:128-32. PMID: 22954842."
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          "ref": "Monson CM, Fredman SJ, Macdonald A, et al. Effect of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy for PTSD: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012 Aug 15;308(7):700-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.9307. PMID: 22893167."
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          "ref": "Mueser KT, Rosenberg SD, Xie HY, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in severe mental illness. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008 Apr;76(2):259-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.259. PMID: 18377122."
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          "ref": "Reger GM, Koenen-Woods P, Zetocha K, et al. Randomized controlled trial of prolonged exposure using imaginal exposure vs. virtual reality exposure in active duty soldiers with deployment-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). J Consult Clin. Psychol. 2016 Nov;84(11):946-59. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000134. PMID: 27606699."
        },
        {
          "study": "Resick, 2002",
          "ref": "Resick PA, Nishith P, Weaver TL, et al. A comparison of cognitive-processing therapy with prolonged exposure and a waiting condition for the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in female rape victims. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Aug;70(4):867-79. PMID: 12182270."
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          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M. A randomized controlled study of single-session behavioural treatment of earthquake-related post-traumatic stress disorder using an earthquake simulator. Psychological Medicine. 2007;37(2):203-13. doi: 10.1017/S0033291706009123. PMID: 17254365."
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          "study": "Beck, 2009",
          "ref": "Beck JG, Coffey SF, Foy DW, et al. Group cognitive behavior therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: an initial randomized pilot study. Behav Ther. 2009 Mar;40(1):82-92. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2008.01.003. PMID: 19187819."
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          "ref": "Blanchard EB, Hickling EJ, Devineni T, et al. A controlled evaluation of cognitive behavioural therapy for posttraumatic stress in motor vehicle accident survivors. Behav Res Ther. 2003 Jan;41(1):79-96. PMID: 12488121."
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          "study": "Bohus, 2013",
          "ref": "Bohus MJ, Dyer AS, Priebe K, et al. Dialectical behaviour therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder after childhood sexual abuse in patients with and without borderline personality disorder: a randomised controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2013 Jun;82(4):221-33. doi: 10.1159/000348451. PMID: 23712109."
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          "ref": "Bradshaw RA, McDonald MJ, Grace R, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Observed and Experiential Integration (OEI): a simple, innovative intervention for affect regulation in clients with PTSD. Traumatology (Tallahass Fla). 2014 Sep;20(3):161-71. doi: 10.1037/h0099401."
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          "study": "Chard, 2005",
          "ref": "Chard KM. An evaluation of cognitive processing therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Oct;73(5):965-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.5.965. PMID: 16287396."
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          "ref": "Cloitre M, Koenen KC, Cohen LR, et al. Skills training in affective and interpersonal regulation followed by exposure: a phase-based treatment for PTSD related to childhood abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Oct;70(5):1067-74. doi: 10.1037//0022-006X.70.5.1067. PMID: 12362957."
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          "ref": "Ehlers A, Clark DM, Hackmann A, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive therapy, a self-help booklet, and repeated assessments as early interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60(10):1024-32. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.60.10.1024. PMID: 14557148."
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          "ref": "Ehlers A, Hackmann A, Grey N, et al. A randomized controlled trial of 7-day intensive and standard weekly cognitive therapy for PTSD and emotion-focused supportive therapy. Am J Psychiatry. 2014 Mar;171(3):294-304. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13040552. PMID: 24480899."
        },
        {
          "study": "ElBarazi, 2022",
          "ref": "ElBarazi A, Badary OA, Elmazar MM, et al. Cognitive Processing Therapy versus medication for the treatment of comorbid substance use disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder in Egyptian patients (randomized clinical trial). Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies. 2022;22(2):63-90. doi: 10.24193/jebp.2022.2.13."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fecteau, 1999",
          "ref": "Fecteau GW, Nicki RM. Cognitive behavioural treatment of post traumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accident. Behav. Cogn. Psychother. 1999 Jul;27(3):201-14."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonzo, 2017",
          "ref": "Fonzo GA, Goodkind MS, Oathes DJ, et al. PTSD psychotherapy outcome predicted by brain activation during emotional reactivity and regulation. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Dec 1;174(12):1163-74. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091072. PMID: 28715908."
        },
        {
          "study": "Franklin, 2017",
          "ref": "Franklin CL, Cuccurullo LA, Walton JL, et al. Face to face but not in the same place: a pilot study of prolonged exposure therapy. J Trauma Dissociation. 2017 Jan-Feb;18(1):116-30. doi: 10.1080/15299732.2016.1205704. PMID: 27348462."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hinton, 2009",
          "ref": "Hinton DE, Hofmann SG, Pollack MH, et al. Mechanisms of efficacy of CBT for Cambodian refugees with PTSD: improvement in emotion regulation and orthostatic blood pressure response. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2009 Fall;15(3):255-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2009.00100.x. PMID: 19691545."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jacob, 2014",
          "ref": "Jacob N, Neuner F, Maedl A, et al. Dissemination of psychotherapy for trauma spectrum disorders in postconflict settings: a randomized controlled trial in Rwanda. Psychother Psychosom. 2014 Nov;83(6):354-63. doi: 10.1159/000365114. PMID: 25323203."
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          "ref": "Johnson DM, Zlotnick C, Perez SK. Cognitive behavioral treatment of PTSD in residents of battered women's shelters: results of a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2011 Aug;79(4):542-51. doi: 10.1037/a0023822. PMID: 21787052."
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        {
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          "ref": "Lewis CE, Farewell D, Groves V, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety. 2017 Jun;34(6):555-65. doi: 10.1002/da.22645. PMID: 28557299."
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        {
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          "ref": "McLay RN, Wood DP, Webb-Murphy JA, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of virtual reality-graded exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in active duty service members with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011 Apr;14(4):223-9. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0003. PMID: 21332375."
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          "ref": "Monson CM, Fredman SJ, Macdonald A, et al. Effect of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy for PTSD: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012 Aug 15;308(7):700-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.9307. PMID: 22893167."
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        {
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          "ref": "Morath J, Gola H, Sommershof A, et al. The effect of trauma-focused therapy on the altered T cell distribution in individuals with PTSD: evidence from a randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res. 2014 Jul;54:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.03.016. PMID: 24726027."
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          "ref": "Mueser KT, Rosenberg SD, Xie HY, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in severe mental illness. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008 Apr;76(2):259-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.259. PMID: 18377122."
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          "ref": "Raabe S, Ehring T, Marquenie L, et al. Imagery rescripting as a stand-alone treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse: a randomized controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2022;77:101769. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101769. PMID: 36113906."
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          "ref": "van den Berg DP, de Bont PA, van der Vleugel BM, et al. Prolonged exposure vs Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing vs waiting list for posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with a psychotic disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015 Mar;72(3):259-67. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2637. PMID: 25607833."
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          "ref": "Fonzo GA, Goodkind MS, Oathes DJ, et al. PTSD psychotherapy outcome predicted by brain activation during emotional reactivity and regulation. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Dec 1;174(12):1163-74. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091072. PMID: 28715908."
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          "ref": "Jacob N, Neuner F, Maedl A, et al. Dissemination of psychotherapy for trauma spectrum disorders in postconflict settings: a randomized controlled trial in Rwanda. Psychother Psychosom. 2014 Nov;83(6):354-63. doi: 10.1159/000365114. PMID: 25323203."
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          "ref": "Johnson DM, Zlotnick C, Perez SK. Cognitive behavioral treatment of PTSD in residents of battered women's shelters: results of a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2011 Aug;79(4):542-51. doi: 10.1037/a0023822. PMID: 21787052."
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          "ref": "McLay RN, Wood DP, Webb-Murphy JA, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of virtual reality-graded exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in active duty service members with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011 Apr;14(4):223-9. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0003. PMID: 21332375."
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          "ref": "Monson CM, Fredman SJ, Macdonald A, et al. Effect of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy for PTSD: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012 Aug 15;308(7):700-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.9307. PMID: 22893167."
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          "ref": "Morath J, Gola H, Sommershof A, et al. The effect of trauma-focused therapy on the altered T cell distribution in individuals with PTSD: evidence from a randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res. 2014 Jul;54:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.03.016. PMID: 24726027."
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          "ref": "Mueser KT, Rosenberg SD, Xie HY, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in severe mental illness. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008 Apr;76(2):259-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.259. PMID: 18377122."
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          "ref": "Raabe S, Ehring T, Marquenie L, et al. Imagery rescripting as a stand-alone treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse: a randomized controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2022;77:101769. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101769. PMID: 36113906."
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          "ref": "Vera M, Reyes-Rabanillo ML, Juarbe D, et al. Prolonged exposure for the treatment of Spanish-speaking Puerto Ricans with posttraumatic stress disorder: a feasibility study. BMC Res. Notes. 2011 Oct 17;4:415. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-415. PMID: 22005187."
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          "ref": "Wagner AW, Jakupcak M, Kowalski HM, et al. Behavioral activation as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder among returning veterans: a randomized trial. Psychiatr Serv. 2019 Oct 1;70(10):867-73. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201800572. PMID: 31337325."
        },
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        },
        {
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          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M, et al. Single-session behavioral treatment of earthquake-related posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized waiting list controlled trial. J Trauma Stress. 2005;18(1):1-11. doi: 10.1002/jts.20011. PMID: 16281190."
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          "ref": "Beck JG, Coffey SF, Foy DW, et al. Group cognitive behavior therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: an initial randomized pilot study. Behav Ther. 2009 Mar;40(1):82-92. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2008.01.003. PMID: 19187819."
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          "ref": "Fonzo GA, Goodkind MS, Oathes DJ, et al. PTSD psychotherapy outcome predicted by brain activation during emotional reactivity and regulation. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Dec 1;174(12):1163-74. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091072. PMID: 28715908."
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          "ref": "Franklin CL, Cuccurullo LA, Walton JL, et al. Face to face but not in the same place: a pilot study of prolonged exposure therapy. J Trauma Dissociation. 2017 Jan-Feb;18(1):116-30. doi: 10.1080/15299732.2016.1205704. PMID: 27348462."
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          "ref": "Hinton DE, Hofmann SG, Pollack MH, et al. Mechanisms of efficacy of CBT for Cambodian refugees with PTSD: improvement in emotion regulation and orthostatic blood pressure response. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2009 Fall;15(3):255-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2009.00100.x. PMID: 19691545."
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          "ref": "Lewis CE, Farewell D, Groves V, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety. 2017 Jun;34(6):555-65. doi: 10.1002/da.22645. PMID: 28557299."
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          "ref": "McLay RN, Wood DP, Webb-Murphy JA, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of virtual reality-graded exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in active duty service members with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011 Apr;14(4):223-9. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0003. PMID: 21332375."
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          "ref": "Monson CM, Fredman SJ, Macdonald A, et al. Effect of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy for PTSD: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012 Aug 15;308(7):700-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.9307. PMID: 22893167."
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        {
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          "ref": "Morath J, Gola H, Sommershof A, et al. The effect of trauma-focused therapy on the altered T cell distribution in individuals with PTSD: evidence from a randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res. 2014 Jul;54:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.03.016. PMID: 24726027."
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          "ref": "Mueser KT, Rosenberg SD, Xie HY, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in severe mental illness. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008 Apr;76(2):259-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.259. PMID: 18377122."
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          "ref": "Raabe S, Ehring T, Marquenie L, et al. Imagery rescripting as a stand-alone treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse: a randomized controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2022;77:101769. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101769. PMID: 36113906."
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        },
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          "ref": "Wagner AW, Jakupcak M, Kowalski HM, et al. Behavioral activation as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder among returning veterans: a randomized trial. Psychiatr Serv. 2019 Oct 1;70(10):867-73. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201800572. PMID: 31337325."
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          "ref": "Fonzo GA, Goodkind MS, Oathes DJ, et al. PTSD psychotherapy outcome predicted by brain activation during emotional reactivity and regulation. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Dec 1;174(12):1163-74. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091072. PMID: 28715908."
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          "ref": "McLay RN, Wood DP, Webb-Murphy JA, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of virtual reality-graded exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in active duty service members with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011 Apr;14(4):223-9. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0003. PMID: 21332375."
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          "ref": "Lewis CE, Farewell D, Groves V, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety. 2017 Jun;34(6):555-65. doi: 10.1002/da.22645. PMID: 28557299."
        },
        {
          "study": "McDonagh, 2005",
          "ref": "McDonagh A, Friedman MJ, McHugo GJ, et al. Randomized trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Jun;73(3):515-24. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.3.515. PMID: 15982149."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLay, 2011",
          "ref": "McLay RN, Wood DP, Webb-Murphy JA, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of virtual reality-graded exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in active duty service members with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011 Apr;14(4):223-9. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0003. PMID: 21332375."
        },
        {
          "study": "Miyahira, 2012",
          "ref": "Miyahira SD, Folen RA, Hoffman HG, et al. The effectiveness of VR exposure therapy for PTSD in returning warfighters. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2012;181:128-32. PMID: 22954842."
        },
        {
          "study": "Monson, 2012a",
          "ref": "Monson CM, Fredman SJ, Macdonald A, et al. Effect of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy for PTSD: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012 Aug 15;308(7):700-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.9307. PMID: 22893167."
        },
        {
          "study": "Morath, 2014",
          "ref": "Morath J, Gola H, Sommershof A, et al. The effect of trauma-focused therapy on the altered T cell distribution in individuals with PTSD: evidence from a randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res. 2014 Jul;54:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.03.016. PMID: 24726027."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mueser, 2008",
          "ref": "Mueser KT, Rosenberg SD, Xie HY, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in severe mental illness. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008 Apr;76(2):259-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.259. PMID: 18377122."
        },
        {
          "study": "Raabe, 2022",
          "ref": "Raabe S, Ehring T, Marquenie L, et al. Imagery rescripting as a stand-alone treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse: a randomized controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2022;77:101769. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101769. PMID: 36113906."
        },
        {
          "study": "Reger, 2016",
          "ref": "Reger GM, Koenen-Woods P, Zetocha K, et al. Randomized controlled trial of prolonged exposure using imaginal exposure vs. virtual reality exposure in active duty soldiers with deployment-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). J Consult Clin. Psychol. 2016 Nov;84(11):946-59. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000134. PMID: 27606699."
        },
        {
          "study": "Resick, 2002",
          "ref": "Resick PA, Nishith P, Weaver TL, et al. A comparison of cognitive-processing therapy with prolonged exposure and a waiting condition for the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in female rape victims. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Aug;70(4):867-79. PMID: 12182270."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson, 2022",
          "ref": "Simpson TL, Kaysen DL, Fleming CB, et al. Cognitive processing therapy or relapse prevention for comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorder: a randomized clinical trial. PLoS One. 2022;17(11):e0276111. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276111. PMID: 36445895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Kolk, 2007",
          "ref": "Van der Kolk BA, Spinazzola J, Blaustein ME, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), fluoxetine, and pill placebo in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: treatment effects and long-term maintenance. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007 Jan;68(1):37-46. doi: 10.4088/JCP.v68n0105. PMID: 17284128."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2011",
          "ref": "Vera M, Reyes-Rabanillo ML, Juarbe D, et al. Prolonged exposure for the treatment of Spanish-speaking Puerto Ricans with posttraumatic stress disorder: a feasibility study. BMC Res. Notes. 2011 Oct 17;4:415. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-415. PMID: 22005187."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wagner, 2019",
          "ref": "Wagner AW, Jakupcak M, Kowalski HM, et al. Behavioral activation as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder among returning veterans: a randomized trial. Psychiatr Serv. 2019 Oct 1;70(10):867-73. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201800572. PMID: 31337325."
        },
        {
          "study": "van den Berg, 2015",
          "ref": "van den Berg DP, de Bont PA, van der Vleugel BM, et al. Prolonged exposure vs Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing vs waiting list for posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with a psychotic disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015 Mar;72(3):259-67. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2637. PMID: 25607833."
        }
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Asukai, 2010",
          "ref": "Asukai N, Saito A, Tsuruta N, et al. Efficacy of exposure therapy for Japanese patients with posttraumatic stress disorder due to mixed traumatic events: A randomized controlled study. J Trauma Stress. 2010 Dec;23(6):744-50. doi: 10.1002/jts.20589. PMID: 21171135."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basoglu, 2007",
          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M. A randomized controlled study of single-session behavioural treatment of earthquake-related post-traumatic stress disorder using an earthquake simulator. Psychological Medicine. 2007;37(2):203-13. doi: 10.1017/S0033291706009123. PMID: 17254365."
        },
        {
          "study": "Beck, 2009",
          "ref": "Beck JG, Coffey SF, Foy DW, et al. Group cognitive behavior therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: an initial randomized pilot study. Behav Ther. 2009 Mar;40(1):82-92. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2008.01.003. PMID: 19187819."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanchard, 2003",
          "ref": "Blanchard EB, Hickling EJ, Devineni T, et al. A controlled evaluation of cognitive behavioural therapy for posttraumatic stress in motor vehicle accident survivors. Behav Res Ther. 2003 Jan;41(1):79-96. PMID: 12488121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bohus, 2013",
          "ref": "Bohus MJ, Dyer AS, Priebe K, et al. Dialectical behaviour therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder after childhood sexual abuse in patients with and without borderline personality disorder: a randomised controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2013 Jun;82(4):221-33. doi: 10.1159/000348451. PMID: 23712109."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bradshaw, 2014",
          "ref": "Bradshaw RA, McDonald MJ, Grace R, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Observed and Experiential Integration (OEI): a simple, innovative intervention for affect regulation in clients with PTSD. Traumatology (Tallahass Fla). 2014 Sep;20(3):161-71. doi: 10.1037/h0099401."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chard, 2005",
          "ref": "Chard KM. An evaluation of cognitive processing therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Oct;73(5):965-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.5.965. PMID: 16287396."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cloitre, 2002",
          "ref": "Cloitre M, Koenen KC, Cohen LR, et al. Skills training in affective and interpersonal regulation followed by exposure: a phase-based treatment for PTSD related to childhood abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Oct;70(5):1067-74. doi: 10.1037//0022-006X.70.5.1067. PMID: 12362957."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ehlers, 2003",
          "ref": "Ehlers A, Clark DM, Hackmann A, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive therapy, a self-help booklet, and repeated assessments as early interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60(10):1024-32. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.60.10.1024. PMID: 14557148."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ehlers, 2014",
          "ref": "Ehlers A, Hackmann A, Grey N, et al. A randomized controlled trial of 7-day intensive and standard weekly cognitive therapy for PTSD and emotion-focused supportive therapy. Am J Psychiatry. 2014 Mar;171(3):294-304. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13040552. PMID: 24480899."
        },
        {
          "study": "ElBarazi, 2022",
          "ref": "ElBarazi A, Badary OA, Elmazar MM, et al. Cognitive Processing Therapy versus medication for the treatment of comorbid substance use disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder in Egyptian patients (randomized clinical trial). Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies. 2022;22(2):63-90. doi: 10.24193/jebp.2022.2.13."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fecteau, 1999",
          "ref": "Fecteau GW, Nicki RM. Cognitive behavioural treatment of post traumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accident. Behav. Cogn. Psychother. 1999 Jul;27(3):201-14."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonzo, 2017",
          "ref": "Fonzo GA, Goodkind MS, Oathes DJ, et al. PTSD psychotherapy outcome predicted by brain activation during emotional reactivity and regulation. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Dec 1;174(12):1163-74. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091072. PMID: 28715908."
        },
        {
          "study": "Franklin, 2017",
          "ref": "Franklin CL, Cuccurullo LA, Walton JL, et al. Face to face but not in the same place: a pilot study of prolonged exposure therapy. J Trauma Dissociation. 2017 Jan-Feb;18(1):116-30. doi: 10.1080/15299732.2016.1205704. PMID: 27348462."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hinton, 2009",
          "ref": "Hinton DE, Hofmann SG, Pollack MH, et al. Mechanisms of efficacy of CBT for Cambodian refugees with PTSD: improvement in emotion regulation and orthostatic blood pressure response. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2009 Fall;15(3):255-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2009.00100.x. PMID: 19691545."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jacob, 2014",
          "ref": "Jacob N, Neuner F, Maedl A, et al. Dissemination of psychotherapy for trauma spectrum disorders in postconflict settings: a randomized controlled trial in Rwanda. Psychother Psychosom. 2014 Nov;83(6):354-63. doi: 10.1159/000365114. PMID: 25323203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnson DM, Zlotnick C, Perez SK. Cognitive behavioral treatment of PTSD in residents of battered women's shelters: results of a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2011 Aug;79(4):542-51. doi: 10.1037/a0023822. PMID: 21787052."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kubany, 2004",
          "ref": "Kubany ES, Hill EE, Owens JA, et al. Cognitive trauma therapy for battered women with PTSD (CTT-BW). J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004 Feb;72(1):3-18. doi: 10.1037/0022-006x.72.1.3. PMID: 14756610."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lewis, 2017",
          "ref": "Lewis CE, Farewell D, Groves V, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety. 2017 Jun;34(6):555-65. doi: 10.1002/da.22645. PMID: 28557299."
        },
        {
          "study": "McDonagh, 2005",
          "ref": "McDonagh A, Friedman MJ, McHugo GJ, et al. Randomized trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Jun;73(3):515-24. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.3.515. PMID: 15982149."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLay, 2011",
          "ref": "McLay RN, Wood DP, Webb-Murphy JA, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of virtual reality-graded exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in active duty service members with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011 Apr;14(4):223-9. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0003. PMID: 21332375."
        },
        {
          "study": "Miyahira, 2012",
          "ref": "Miyahira SD, Folen RA, Hoffman HG, et al. The effectiveness of VR exposure therapy for PTSD in returning warfighters. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2012;181:128-32. PMID: 22954842."
        },
        {
          "study": "Morath, 2014",
          "ref": "Morath J, Gola H, Sommershof A, et al. The effect of trauma-focused therapy on the altered T cell distribution in individuals with PTSD: evidence from a randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res. 2014 Jul;54:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.03.016. PMID: 24726027."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mueser, 2008",
          "ref": "Mueser KT, Rosenberg SD, Xie HY, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in severe mental illness. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008 Apr;76(2):259-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.259. PMID: 18377122."
        },
        {
          "study": "Raabe, 2022",
          "ref": "Raabe S, Ehring T, Marquenie L, et al. Imagery rescripting as a stand-alone treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse: a randomized controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2022;77:101769. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101769. PMID: 36113906."
        },
        {
          "study": "Reger, 2016",
          "ref": "Reger GM, Koenen-Woods P, Zetocha K, et al. Randomized controlled trial of prolonged exposure using imaginal exposure vs. virtual reality exposure in active duty soldiers with deployment-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). J Consult Clin. Psychol. 2016 Nov;84(11):946-59. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000134. PMID: 27606699."
        },
        {
          "study": "Resick, 2002",
          "ref": "Resick PA, Nishith P, Weaver TL, et al. A comparison of cognitive-processing therapy with prolonged exposure and a waiting condition for the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in female rape victims. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Aug;70(4):867-79. PMID: 12182270."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Kolk, 2007",
          "ref": "Van der Kolk BA, Spinazzola J, Blaustein ME, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), fluoxetine, and pill placebo in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: treatment effects and long-term maintenance. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007 Jan;68(1):37-46. doi: 10.4088/JCP.v68n0105. PMID: 17284128."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2011",
          "ref": "Vera M, Reyes-Rabanillo ML, Juarbe D, et al. Prolonged exposure for the treatment of Spanish-speaking Puerto Ricans with posttraumatic stress disorder: a feasibility study. BMC Res. Notes. 2011 Oct 17;4:415. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-415. PMID: 22005187."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wagner, 2019",
          "ref": "Wagner AW, Jakupcak M, Kowalski HM, et al. Behavioral activation as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder among returning veterans: a randomized trial. Psychiatr Serv. 2019 Oct 1;70(10):867-73. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201800572. PMID: 31337325."
        },
        {
          "study": "van den Berg, 2015",
          "ref": "van den Berg DP, de Bont PA, van der Vleugel BM, et al. Prolonged exposure vs Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing vs waiting list for posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with a psychotic disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015 Mar;72(3):259-67. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2637. PMID: 25607833."
        }
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      "full": "Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Asukai, 2010",
          "ref": "Asukai N, Saito A, Tsuruta N, et al. Efficacy of exposure therapy for Japanese patients with posttraumatic stress disorder due to mixed traumatic events: A randomized controlled study. J Trauma Stress. 2010 Dec;23(6):744-50. doi: 10.1002/jts.20589. PMID: 21171135."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basoglu, 2005",
          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M, et al. Single-session behavioral treatment of earthquake-related posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized waiting list controlled trial. J Trauma Stress. 2005;18(1):1-11. doi: 10.1002/jts.20011. PMID: 16281190."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basoglu, 2007",
          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M. A randomized controlled study of single-session behavioural treatment of earthquake-related post-traumatic stress disorder using an earthquake simulator. Psychological Medicine. 2007;37(2):203-13. doi: 10.1017/S0033291706009123. PMID: 17254365."
        },
        {
          "study": "Beck, 2009",
          "ref": "Beck JG, Coffey SF, Foy DW, et al. Group cognitive behavior therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: an initial randomized pilot study. Behav Ther. 2009 Mar;40(1):82-92. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2008.01.003. PMID: 19187819."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanchard, 2003",
          "ref": "Blanchard EB, Hickling EJ, Devineni T, et al. A controlled evaluation of cognitive behavioural therapy for posttraumatic stress in motor vehicle accident survivors. Behav Res Ther. 2003 Jan;41(1):79-96. PMID: 12488121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bohus, 2013",
          "ref": "Bohus MJ, Dyer AS, Priebe K, et al. Dialectical behaviour therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder after childhood sexual abuse in patients with and without borderline personality disorder: a randomised controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2013 Jun;82(4):221-33. doi: 10.1159/000348451. PMID: 23712109."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bradshaw, 2014",
          "ref": "Bradshaw RA, McDonald MJ, Grace R, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Observed and Experiential Integration (OEI): a simple, innovative intervention for affect regulation in clients with PTSD. Traumatology (Tallahass Fla). 2014 Sep;20(3):161-71. doi: 10.1037/h0099401."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chard, 2005",
          "ref": "Chard KM. An evaluation of cognitive processing therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Oct;73(5):965-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.5.965. PMID: 16287396."
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        {
          "study": "Cloitre, 2002",
          "ref": "Cloitre M, Koenen KC, Cohen LR, et al. Skills training in affective and interpersonal regulation followed by exposure: a phase-based treatment for PTSD related to childhood abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Oct;70(5):1067-74. doi: 10.1037//0022-006X.70.5.1067. PMID: 12362957."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ehlers, 2003",
          "ref": "Ehlers A, Clark DM, Hackmann A, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive therapy, a self-help booklet, and repeated assessments as early interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60(10):1024-32. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.60.10.1024. PMID: 14557148."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ehlers, 2014",
          "ref": "Ehlers A, Hackmann A, Grey N, et al. A randomized controlled trial of 7-day intensive and standard weekly cognitive therapy for PTSD and emotion-focused supportive therapy. Am J Psychiatry. 2014 Mar;171(3):294-304. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13040552. PMID: 24480899."
        },
        {
          "study": "ElBarazi, 2022",
          "ref": "ElBarazi A, Badary OA, Elmazar MM, et al. Cognitive Processing Therapy versus medication for the treatment of comorbid substance use disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder in Egyptian patients (randomized clinical trial). Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies. 2022;22(2):63-90. doi: 10.24193/jebp.2022.2.13."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fecteau, 1999",
          "ref": "Fecteau GW, Nicki RM. Cognitive behavioural treatment of post traumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accident. Behav. Cogn. Psychother. 1999 Jul;27(3):201-14."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonzo, 2017",
          "ref": "Fonzo GA, Goodkind MS, Oathes DJ, et al. PTSD psychotherapy outcome predicted by brain activation during emotional reactivity and regulation. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Dec 1;174(12):1163-74. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091072. PMID: 28715908."
        },
        {
          "study": "Franklin, 2017",
          "ref": "Franklin CL, Cuccurullo LA, Walton JL, et al. Face to face but not in the same place: a pilot study of prolonged exposure therapy. J Trauma Dissociation. 2017 Jan-Feb;18(1):116-30. doi: 10.1080/15299732.2016.1205704. PMID: 27348462."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hinton, 2009",
          "ref": "Hinton DE, Hofmann SG, Pollack MH, et al. Mechanisms of efficacy of CBT for Cambodian refugees with PTSD: improvement in emotion regulation and orthostatic blood pressure response. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2009 Fall;15(3):255-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2009.00100.x. PMID: 19691545."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jacob, 2014",
          "ref": "Jacob N, Neuner F, Maedl A, et al. Dissemination of psychotherapy for trauma spectrum disorders in postconflict settings: a randomized controlled trial in Rwanda. Psychother Psychosom. 2014 Nov;83(6):354-63. doi: 10.1159/000365114. PMID: 25323203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnson DM, Zlotnick C, Perez SK. Cognitive behavioral treatment of PTSD in residents of battered women's shelters: results of a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2011 Aug;79(4):542-51. doi: 10.1037/a0023822. PMID: 21787052."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kubany, 2004",
          "ref": "Kubany ES, Hill EE, Owens JA, et al. Cognitive trauma therapy for battered women with PTSD (CTT-BW). J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004 Feb;72(1):3-18. doi: 10.1037/0022-006x.72.1.3. PMID: 14756610."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lewis, 2017",
          "ref": "Lewis CE, Farewell D, Groves V, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety. 2017 Jun;34(6):555-65. doi: 10.1002/da.22645. PMID: 28557299."
        },
        {
          "study": "McDonagh, 2005",
          "ref": "McDonagh A, Friedman MJ, McHugo GJ, et al. Randomized trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Jun;73(3):515-24. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.3.515. PMID: 15982149."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLay, 2011",
          "ref": "McLay RN, Wood DP, Webb-Murphy JA, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of virtual reality-graded exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in active duty service members with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011 Apr;14(4):223-9. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0003. PMID: 21332375."
        },
        {
          "study": "Miyahira, 2012",
          "ref": "Miyahira SD, Folen RA, Hoffman HG, et al. The effectiveness of VR exposure therapy for PTSD in returning warfighters. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2012;181:128-32. PMID: 22954842."
        },
        {
          "study": "Monson, 2012a",
          "ref": "Monson CM, Fredman SJ, Macdonald A, et al. Effect of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy for PTSD: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012 Aug 15;308(7):700-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.9307. PMID: 22893167."
        },
        {
          "study": "Morath, 2014",
          "ref": "Morath J, Gola H, Sommershof A, et al. The effect of trauma-focused therapy on the altered T cell distribution in individuals with PTSD: evidence from a randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res. 2014 Jul;54:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.03.016. PMID: 24726027."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mueser, 2008",
          "ref": "Mueser KT, Rosenberg SD, Xie HY, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in severe mental illness. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008 Apr;76(2):259-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.259. PMID: 18377122."
        },
        {
          "study": "Raabe, 2022",
          "ref": "Raabe S, Ehring T, Marquenie L, et al. Imagery rescripting as a stand-alone treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse: a randomized controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2022;77:101769. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101769. PMID: 36113906."
        },
        {
          "study": "Reger, 2016",
          "ref": "Reger GM, Koenen-Woods P, Zetocha K, et al. Randomized controlled trial of prolonged exposure using imaginal exposure vs. virtual reality exposure in active duty soldiers with deployment-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). J Consult Clin. Psychol. 2016 Nov;84(11):946-59. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000134. PMID: 27606699."
        },
        {
          "study": "Resick, 2002",
          "ref": "Resick PA, Nishith P, Weaver TL, et al. A comparison of cognitive-processing therapy with prolonged exposure and a waiting condition for the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in female rape victims. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Aug;70(4):867-79. PMID: 12182270."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson, 2022",
          "ref": "Simpson TL, Kaysen DL, Fleming CB, et al. Cognitive processing therapy or relapse prevention for comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorder: a randomized clinical trial. PLoS One. 2022;17(11):e0276111. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276111. PMID: 36445895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Kolk, 2007",
          "ref": "Van der Kolk BA, Spinazzola J, Blaustein ME, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), fluoxetine, and pill placebo in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: treatment effects and long-term maintenance. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007 Jan;68(1):37-46. doi: 10.4088/JCP.v68n0105. PMID: 17284128."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2011",
          "ref": "Vera M, Reyes-Rabanillo ML, Juarbe D, et al. Prolonged exposure for the treatment of Spanish-speaking Puerto Ricans with posttraumatic stress disorder: a feasibility study. BMC Res. Notes. 2011 Oct 17;4:415. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-415. PMID: 22005187."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wagner, 2019",
          "ref": "Wagner AW, Jakupcak M, Kowalski HM, et al. Behavioral activation as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder among returning veterans: a randomized trial. Psychiatr Serv. 2019 Oct 1;70(10):867-73. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201800572. PMID: 31337325."
        },
        {
          "study": "van den Berg, 2015",
          "ref": "van den Berg DP, de Bont PA, van der Vleugel BM, et al. Prolonged exposure vs Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing vs waiting list for posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with a psychotic disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015 Mar;72(3):259-67. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2637. PMID: 25607833."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 380,
      "instr": "CES-D",
      "full": "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
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      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 68,
      "k_es": 95,
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      "lo": 8.244,
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      "tau2": 0.21,
      "tau2w": null,
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      "i2": 98.4,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
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        },
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          "study": "Beeber, 2010",
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        },
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          "study": "Boele, 2018",
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          "study": "Boele, 2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Brown, 1984",
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        },
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          "study": "Ebert, 2014",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "ref": "Harrer, M., Apolinário-Hagen, J., Fritsche, L., Salewski, C., Zarski, A. C., Lehr, D., Baumeister, H., Cuijpers, P., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effect of an internet- and app-based stress intervention compared to online psychoeducation in university students with depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Internet Interventions, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100374"
        },
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          "study": "Heller, 2020",
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        },
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          "study": "Hermanns, 2015",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Joling, 2011",
          "ref": "Joling KJ, Hout HP, van't Veer-Tazelaar PJ, Horst HE, Cuijpers P, Ven PM, et al. How effective is bibliotherapy for very old adults with subthreshold depression? A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2011;19(3):256-65."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kelly, 1993",
          "ref": "Kelly JA, Murphy DA, Bahr GR, Kalichman SC, Morgan MG, Stevenson LY, et al. Outcome of cognitive-behavioral and support group brief therapies for depressed, HIV-infected persons. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1993;150(11):1679-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kenter, 2016",
          "ref": "Kenter, R. M. F., Cuijpers, P., Beekman, A., & van Straten, A. (2016). Effectiveness of a Web-based guided self-help intervention for outpatients with a depressive disorder: Short-term results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(3)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Korte, 2012",
          "ref": "Korte J, Bohlmeijer ET, Cappeliez P, Smit F, Westerhof GJ. Life review therapy for older adults with moderate depressive symptomatology: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(6):1163-73."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2014",
          "ref": "Kramer, J., Conijn, B., Oijevaar, P., & Riper, H. (2014). Effectiveness of a web-based solution-focused brief chat treatment for depressed adolescents and young adults: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res, 16(5), e141. doi:10.2196/jmir.3261"
        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Nobis, 2015",
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        },
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        },
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 381,
      "instr": "CES-D",
      "full": "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Three-level CHE model",
      "k": 68,
      "k_es": 95,
      "sd": 9.193,
      "lo": 8.22,
      "hi": 10.281,
      "tau2": 0.1993,
      "tau2w": 0.011,
      "plo": 3.717,
      "phi": 22.739,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afonso, 2009",
          "ref": "Afonso, R., & Bueno, B. (2009). Efectos de un programa de reminiscencia sobre la sintomatología depresiva en una muestra de población mayor portuguesa. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 44(6), 317-322."
        },
        {
          "study": "Baumgartner, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumgartner, C., Schaub, M. P., Wenger, A., Malischnig, D., Augsburger, M., Lehr, D., . . . Haug, S. (2021). \"Take Care of You\" - Efficacy of integrated, minimal-guidance, internet-based self-help for reducing co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression symptoms in adults: Results of a three-arm randomized controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Depend, 225, 108806. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108806"
        },
        {
          "study": "Beeber, 2010",
          "ref": "Beeber LS, Holditch-Davis D, Perreira K, Schwartz TA, Lewis V, Blanchard H, et al. Short-term in-home intervention reduces depressive symptoms in Early Head Start Latina mothers of infants and toddlers. Research in Nursing and Health. 2010;33(1):60-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2023",
          "ref": "Blanco V, Otero P, Vázquez FL. A pilot study for a smartphone app for the prevention of depression in non-professional caregivers. Aging Ment Health. 2023 Jan;27(1):166-175. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2056878. Epub 2022 Mar 30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2018",
          "ref": "Boele FW, Klein M, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for glioma patients with depressive symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of neuro-oncology 2018; 137(1): 191‐203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2021",
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
        {
          "study": "Buntrock, 2015",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Chesney, 2003",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2014",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2018",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Ede, 2020",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Farrer, 2011",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Fledderus, 2012",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Geraedts, 2014",
          "ref": "Geraedts AS, Kleiboer AM, Wiezer NM, van Mechelen W, Cuijpers P. Short-term effects of a web-based guided self-help intervention for employees with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2014;16(5):e121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gitlin, 2013",
          "ref": "Gitlin LN, Harris LF, McCoy MC, Chernett NL, Pizzi LT, Jutkowitz E, et al. A home-based intervention to reduce depressive symptoms and improve quality of life in older African Americans: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;159(4):243-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guo, 2020",
          "ref": "Guo Y, Hong YA, Cai W, et al. Effect of a WeChat-Based Intervention (Run4Love) on Depressive Symptoms Among People Living With HIV in China: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(2):e16715."
        },
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          "study": "Haringsma, 2006",
          "ref": "Haringsma R, Engels G, Cuijpers P, Spinhoven P. Effectiveness of the Coping With Depression (CWD) course for older adults provided by the community-based mental health care system in the Netherlands: A randomized controlled field trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2006;18(02):307-25."
        },
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          "study": "Harrer, 2021",
          "ref": "Harrer, M., Apolinário-Hagen, J., Fritsche, L., Salewski, C., Zarski, A. C., Lehr, D., Baumeister, H., Cuijpers, P., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effect of an internet- and app-based stress intervention compared to online psychoeducation in university students with depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Internet Interventions, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100374"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heller, 2020",
          "ref": "Heller HM, Hoogendoorn AW, Honig A, Broekman BFP, van Straten A. The Effectiveness of a Guided Internet-Based Tool for the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety in Pregnancy (MamaKits Online): Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(3):e15172."
        },
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          "study": "Hermanns, 2015",
          "ref": "Hermanns N, Schmitt A, Gahr A, Herder C, Nowotny B, Roden M, et al. The effect of a diabetes-specific cognitive behavioral treatment program (DIAMOS) for patients with diabetes and subclinical depression: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(4):551-60."
        },
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          "study": "Huang, 2016",
          "ref": "Huang, C.-Y., Lai, H.-L., Chen, C.-I., Lu, Y.-C., Li, S.-C., Wang, L.-W., & Su, Y. (2016). Effects of motivational enhancement therapy plus cognitive behaviour therapy on depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life in adults with type II diabetes mellitus: A randomised controlled trial. Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care & Rehabilitation, 25(5), 1275-1283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Joling, 2011",
          "ref": "Joling KJ, Hout HP, van't Veer-Tazelaar PJ, Horst HE, Cuijpers P, Ven PM, et al. How effective is bibliotherapy for very old adults with subthreshold depression? A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2011;19(3):256-65."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kelly, 1993",
          "ref": "Kelly JA, Murphy DA, Bahr GR, Kalichman SC, Morgan MG, Stevenson LY, et al. Outcome of cognitive-behavioral and support group brief therapies for depressed, HIV-infected persons. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1993;150(11):1679-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kenter, 2016",
          "ref": "Kenter, R. M. F., Cuijpers, P., Beekman, A., & van Straten, A. (2016). Effectiveness of a Web-based guided self-help intervention for outpatients with a depressive disorder: Short-term results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(3)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Korte, 2012",
          "ref": "Korte J, Bohlmeijer ET, Cappeliez P, Smit F, Westerhof GJ. Life review therapy for older adults with moderate depressive symptomatology: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(6):1163-73."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2014",
          "ref": "Kramer, J., Conijn, B., Oijevaar, P., & Riper, H. (2014). Effectiveness of a web-based solution-focused brief chat treatment for depressed adolescents and young adults: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res, 16(5), e141. doi:10.2196/jmir.3261"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2021",
          "ref": "Krämer, L. V., Grünzig, S. D., Baumeister, H., Ebert, D. D., & Bengel, J. (2021). Effectiveness of a Guided Web-Based Intervention to Reduce Depressive Symptoms before Outpatient Psychotherapy: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 90(4), 233-242. https://doi.org/10.1159/000515625"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lamers, 2015",
          "ref": "Lamers SMA, Bohlmeijer ET, Korte J, Westerhof GJ. The efficacy of life-review as online-guided self-help for adults: A randomized trial. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 2015; 70B(1): 24-34."
        },
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          "study": "Lee, 2021",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Lintvedt, 2013",
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        },
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          "study": "Losada, 2015",
          "ref": "Losada A, Márquez-González M, Romero-Moreno R, Mausbach BT, López J, Fernández-Fernández V, et al. Cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for dementia family caregivers with significant depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(4):760-72."
        },
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          "study": "McCusker, 2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Mennen, 2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Moskowitz, 2021",
          "ref": "Moskowitz, J. T., Addington, E. L., Shiu, E., Bassett, S. M., Schuette, S., Kwok, I., Freedman, M. E., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., Cohn, M. A., & Cheung, E. O. Facilitator Contact, Discussion Boards, and Virtual Badges as Adherence Enhancements to a Web-Based, Self-guided, Positive Psychological Intervention for Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 23(9), e25922."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nobis, 2015",
          "ref": "Nobis S, Lehr D, Ebert DD, Baumeister H, Snoek F, Riper H, et al. Efficacy of a web-based intervention with mobile phone support in treating depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(5):776-83."
        },
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          "study": "Pachankis, 2020",
          "ref": "Pachankis JE, McConocha EM, Clark KA, Wang K, Behari K, Fetzner BK, et al. A transdiagnostic minority stress intervention for gender diverse sexual minority women's depression, anxiety, and unhealthy alcohol use: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 2020;88(7):613-30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Penckofer, 2012",
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        },
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          "study": "Pibernik-Okanovic, 2015",
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        },
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          "study": "Pot, 2010",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Schlicker, 2020",
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        },
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          "study": "Schuster, 2017",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Serrano, 2004",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Tobin, 2017",
          "ref": "Tobin, K., Davey-Rothwell, M. A., Nonyane, B. A. S., Knowlton, A., Wissow, L., & Latkin, C. A. (2017). RCT of an integrated CBT-HIV intervention on depressive symptoms and HIV risk."
        },
        {
          "study": "Unlu-Ince, 2013",
          "ref": "Unlu Ince B, Cuijpers P, t Hof E, Ballegooijen W, Christensen H, Riper H. Internet-based, culturally sensitive, problem-solving therapy for Turkish migrants with depression: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2013;15(10):e227."
        },
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          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
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        },
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          "study": "Vazquez, 2017",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Torres, Á., Otero, P., Blanco, V., Díaz, O., & Estévez, L. E. (2017). Analysis of the components of a cognitive-behavioral intervention administered via conference call for preventing depression among non-professional caregivers: A pilot study. Aging Ment Health, 21(9), 938-946."
        },
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          "study": "Vazquez, 2020",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Blanco, V., Hita, I., Torres, Á. J., Otero, P., Páramo, M., & Salmerón, M. (2023). Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(18)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez-Gonzalez, 2013",
          "ref": "Vázquez González FL, Otero Otero P, Torres Iglesias A, Hermida Garcìa E, Blanco Seoane V, Dìaz Fernández O. A brief problem-solving indicated-prevention intervention for prevention of depression in nonprofessional caregivers. Psicothema. 2013;25(1):87-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vázquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., et al. (2023). \"Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial.\" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12(18). "
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker, 2014",
          "ref": "Walker JV, Lampropoulos GK. A comparison of self-help (homework) activities for mood enhancement: Results from a brief randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration. 2014;24(1):46-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Warmerdam, 2008",
          "ref": "Warmerdam L, Straten A, Twisk J, Riper H, Cuijpers P. Internet-based treatment for adults with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2008;10(4):e44."
        },
        {
          "study": "Westerhof, 2019",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wuthrich, 2013",
          "ref": "Wuthrich VM, Rapee RM. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behavioural therapy for comorbid anxiety and depression in older adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2013;51(12):779-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
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        },
        {
          "study": "van der Zanden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Zanden, R., Kramer, J., Gerrits, R., & Cuijpers, P. (2012). Effectiveness of an online group course for depression in adolescents and young adults: a randomized trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 14(3), e86."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 382,
      "instr": "CES-D",
      "full": "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Fixed-effect",
      "k": 68,
      "k_es": 95,
      "sd": 9.204,
      "lo": 9.079,
      "hi": 9.33,
      "tau2": null,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": null,
      "phi": null,
      "i2": 98.1,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afonso, 2009",
          "ref": "Afonso, R., & Bueno, B. (2009). Efectos de un programa de reminiscencia sobre la sintomatología depresiva en una muestra de población mayor portuguesa. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 44(6), 317-322."
        },
        {
          "study": "Baumgartner, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumgartner, C., Schaub, M. P., Wenger, A., Malischnig, D., Augsburger, M., Lehr, D., . . . Haug, S. (2021). \"Take Care of You\" - Efficacy of integrated, minimal-guidance, internet-based self-help for reducing co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression symptoms in adults: Results of a three-arm randomized controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Depend, 225, 108806. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108806"
        },
        {
          "study": "Beeber, 2010",
          "ref": "Beeber LS, Holditch-Davis D, Perreira K, Schwartz TA, Lewis V, Blanchard H, et al. Short-term in-home intervention reduces depressive symptoms in Early Head Start Latina mothers of infants and toddlers. Research in Nursing and Health. 2010;33(1):60-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2023",
          "ref": "Blanco V, Otero P, Vázquez FL. A pilot study for a smartphone app for the prevention of depression in non-professional caregivers. Aging Ment Health. 2023 Jan;27(1):166-175. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2056878. Epub 2022 Mar 30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2018",
          "ref": "Boele FW, Klein M, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for glioma patients with depressive symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of neuro-oncology 2018; 137(1): 191‐203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2021",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Kramer, 2014",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "ref": "Vázquez González FL, Otero Otero P, Torres Iglesias A, Hermida Garcìa E, Blanco Seoane V, Dìaz Fernández O. A brief problem-solving indicated-prevention intervention for prevention of depression in nonprofessional caregivers. Psicothema. 2013;25(1):87-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vázquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., et al. (2023). \"Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial.\" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12(18). "
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker, 2014",
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          "study": "Warmerdam, 2008",
          "ref": "Warmerdam L, Straten A, Twisk J, Riper H, Cuijpers P. Internet-based treatment for adults with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2008;10(4):e44."
        },
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          "study": "Westerhof, 2019",
          "ref": "Westerhof, G. J., Lamers, S. M. A., Postel, M. G., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2019). Online Therapy for Depressive Symptoms: An Evaluation of Counselor-Led and Peer-Supported Life Review Therapy. The Gerontologist, 59(1), 135-146. doi:10.1093/geront/gnx140"
        },
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          "ref": "Wuthrich VM, Rapee RM. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behavioural therapy for comorbid anxiety and depression in older adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2013;51(12):779-86."
        },
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        },
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          "study": "van der Zanden, 2012",
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 383,
      "instr": "CES-D",
      "full": "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Outliers removed (sensitivity)",
      "k": 45,
      "k_es": 60,
      "sd": 9.551,
      "lo": 9.215,
      "hi": 9.9,
      "tau2": 0.0108,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 7.766,
      "phi": 11.746,
      "i2": 77.2,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Guo, 2020",
          "ref": "Guo Y, Hong YA, Cai W, et al. Effect of a WeChat-Based Intervention (Run4Love) on Depressive Symptoms Among People Living With HIV in China: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(2):e16715."
        },
        {
          "study": "Haringsma, 2006",
          "ref": "Haringsma R, Engels G, Cuijpers P, Spinhoven P. Effectiveness of the Coping With Depression (CWD) course for older adults provided by the community-based mental health care system in the Netherlands: A randomized controlled field trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2006;18(02):307-25."
        },
        {
          "study": "Harrer, 2021",
          "ref": "Harrer, M., Apolinário-Hagen, J., Fritsche, L., Salewski, C., Zarski, A. C., Lehr, D., Baumeister, H., Cuijpers, P., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effect of an internet- and app-based stress intervention compared to online psychoeducation in university students with depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Internet Interventions, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100374"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heller, 2020",
          "ref": "Heller HM, Hoogendoorn AW, Honig A, Broekman BFP, van Straten A. The Effectiveness of a Guided Internet-Based Tool for the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety in Pregnancy (MamaKits Online): Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(3):e15172."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hermanns, 2015",
          "ref": "Hermanns N, Schmitt A, Gahr A, Herder C, Nowotny B, Roden M, et al. The effect of a diabetes-specific cognitive behavioral treatment program (DIAMOS) for patients with diabetes and subclinical depression: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(4):551-60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kelly, 1993",
          "ref": "Kelly JA, Murphy DA, Bahr GR, Kalichman SC, Morgan MG, Stevenson LY, et al. Outcome of cognitive-behavioral and support group brief therapies for depressed, HIV-infected persons. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1993;150(11):1679-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Korte, 2012",
          "ref": "Korte J, Bohlmeijer ET, Cappeliez P, Smit F, Westerhof GJ. Life review therapy for older adults with moderate depressive symptomatology: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(6):1163-73."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2014",
          "ref": "Kramer, J., Conijn, B., Oijevaar, P., & Riper, H. (2014). Effectiveness of a web-based solution-focused brief chat treatment for depressed adolescents and young adults: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res, 16(5), e141. doi:10.2196/jmir.3261"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2021",
          "ref": "Krämer, L. V., Grünzig, S. D., Baumeister, H., Ebert, D. D., & Bengel, J. (2021). Effectiveness of a Guided Web-Based Intervention to Reduce Depressive Symptoms before Outpatient Psychotherapy: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 90(4), 233-242. https://doi.org/10.1159/000515625"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lamers, 2015",
          "ref": "Lamers SMA, Bohlmeijer ET, Korte J, Westerhof GJ. The efficacy of life-review as online-guided self-help for adults: A randomized trial. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 2015; 70B(1): 24-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Losada, 2015",
          "ref": "Losada A, Márquez-González M, Romero-Moreno R, Mausbach BT, López J, Fernández-Fernández V, et al. Cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for dementia family caregivers with significant depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(4):760-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "McCusker, 2021",
          "ref": "McCusker, J., Jones, J. M., Li, M., Faria, R., Yaffe, M. J., Lambert, S. D., Ciampi, A., Belzile, E., & de Raad, M. (2021). CanDirect: Effectiveness of a Telephone-Supported Depression Self-Care Intervention for Cancer Survivors. J Clin Oncol, 39(10), 1150-1161. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.20.01802"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennen, 2021",
          "ref": "Mennen, F. E., Palmer Molina, A., Monro, W. L., Duan, L., Stuart, S., & Sosna, T. (2021). Effectiveness of an Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) Group Depression Treatment for Head Start Mothers: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. J Affect Disord, 280(Pt B), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.074"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nobis, 2015",
          "ref": "Nobis S, Lehr D, Ebert DD, Baumeister H, Snoek F, Riper H, et al. Efficacy of a web-based intervention with mobile phone support in treating depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(5):776-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pachankis, 2020",
          "ref": "Pachankis JE, McConocha EM, Clark KA, Wang K, Behari K, Fetzner BK, et al. A transdiagnostic minority stress intervention for gender diverse sexual minority women's depression, anxiety, and unhealthy alcohol use: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 2020;88(7):613-30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Penckofer, 2012",
          "ref": "Penckofer SM, Ferrans C, Mumby P, Byrn M, Emanuele MA, Harrison PR, et al. A psychoeducational intervention (SWEEP) for depressed women with diabetes. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2012;44(2):192-206."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pibernik-Okanovic, 2015",
          "ref": "Pibernik-Okanović M, Hermanns N, Ajduković D, Kos J, Prašek M, Šekerija M, Lovrenčić MV. Does treatment of subsyndromal depression improve depression-related and diabetes-related outcomes? A randomised controlled comparison of psychoeducation, physical exercise and enhanced treatment as usual. Trials. 2015 Jul 15;16:305."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pot, 2010",
          "ref": "Pot AM, Bohlmeijer ET, Onrust S, Melenhorst A-S, Veerbeek M, De Vries W. The impact of life review on depression in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2010;22(4):572-81."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pots, 2014",
          "ref": "Pots WTM, Meulenbeek PAM, Veehof MM, Klungers J, Bohlmeijer ET. The efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a public mental health intervention for adults with mild to moderate depressive symptomatology: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2014;9(10)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pots, 2016",
          "ref": "Pots WT, Fledderus M, Meulenbeek PA, ten Klooster PM, Schreurs KM, Bohlmeijer ET. Acceptance and commitment therapy as a web-based intervention for depressive symptoms: Randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2016;208(1):69-77."
        },
        {
          "study": "Roepke, 2015",
          "ref": "Roepke AM, Jaffee SR, Riffle OM, McGonigal J, Broome R, Maxwell B. Randomized controlled trial of SuperBetter, a smartphone-based/internet-based self-help tool to reduce depressive symptoms. Games for Health 2015-4(3): 235-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2016",
          "ref": "Safren SA, Bedoya CA, O'Cleirigh C, Biello KB, Pinkston MM, Stein MD, et al. Cognitive behavioural therapy for adherence and depression in patients with HIV: A three-arm randomised controlled trial. The Lancet HIV. 2016;3(11):e529-e38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schlicker, 2020",
          "ref": "Schlicker S, Baumeister H, Buntrock C, et al. A web- And mobile-based intervention for comorbid, recurrent depression in patients with chronic back pain on sick leave (get.back): Pilot randomized controlled trial on feasibility, user satisfaction, and effectiveness. JMIR Mental Health. 2020;7(4)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Serrano, 2004",
          "ref": "Serrano JP, Latorre JM, Gatz M, Montanes J. Life review therapy using autobiographical retrieval practice for older adults with depressive symptomatology. Psychology and Aging. 2004;19(2):270-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tobin, 2017",
          "ref": "Tobin, K., Davey-Rothwell, M. A., Nonyane, B. A. S., Knowlton, A., Wissow, L., & Latkin, C. A. (2017). RCT of an integrated CBT-HIV intervention on depressive symptoms and HIV risk."
        },
        {
          "study": "Unlu-Ince, 2013",
          "ref": "Unlu Ince B, Cuijpers P, t Hof E, Ballegooijen W, Christensen H, Riper H. Internet-based, culturally sensitive, problem-solving therapy for Turkish migrants with depression: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2013;15(10):e227."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Blanco, V., Hita, I., Torres, Á. J., Otero, P., Páramo, M., & Salmerón, M. (2023). Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(18)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vázquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., et al. (2023). \"Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial.\" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12(18). "
        },
        {
          "study": "Warmerdam, 2008",
          "ref": "Warmerdam L, Straten A, Twisk J, Riper H, Cuijpers P. Internet-based treatment for adults with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2008;10(4):e44."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wuthrich, 2013",
          "ref": "Wuthrich VM, Rapee RM. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behavioural therapy for comorbid anxiety and depression in older adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2013;51(12):779-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "van der Zanden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Zanden, R., Kramer, J., Gerrits, R., & Cuijpers, P. (2012). Effectiveness of an online group course for depression in adolescents and young adults: a randomized trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 14(3), e86."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 384,
      "instr": "CES-D",
      "full": "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Influence analysis (sensitivity)",
      "k": 65,
      "k_es": 92,
      "sd": 8.978,
      "lo": 8.346,
      "hi": 9.659,
      "tau2": 0.0854,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 5.04,
      "phi": 15.995,
      "i2": 96.3,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afonso, 2009",
          "ref": "Afonso, R., & Bueno, B. (2009). Efectos de un programa de reminiscencia sobre la sintomatología depresiva en una muestra de población mayor portuguesa. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 44(6), 317-322."
        },
        {
          "study": "Baumgartner, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumgartner, C., Schaub, M. P., Wenger, A., Malischnig, D., Augsburger, M., Lehr, D., . . . Haug, S. (2021). \"Take Care of You\" - Efficacy of integrated, minimal-guidance, internet-based self-help for reducing co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression symptoms in adults: Results of a three-arm randomized controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Depend, 225, 108806. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108806"
        },
        {
          "study": "Beeber, 2010",
          "ref": "Beeber LS, Holditch-Davis D, Perreira K, Schwartz TA, Lewis V, Blanchard H, et al. Short-term in-home intervention reduces depressive symptoms in Early Head Start Latina mothers of infants and toddlers. Research in Nursing and Health. 2010;33(1):60-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2023",
          "ref": "Blanco V, Otero P, Vázquez FL. A pilot study for a smartphone app for the prevention of depression in non-professional caregivers. Aging Ment Health. 2023 Jan;27(1):166-175. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2056878. Epub 2022 Mar 30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2018",
          "ref": "Boele FW, Klein M, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for glioma patients with depressive symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of neuro-oncology 2018; 137(1): 191‐203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bohlmeijer, 2011",
          "ref": "Bohlmeijer ET, Fledderus M, Rokx TA, Pieterse ME. Efficacy of an early intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy for adults with depressive symptomatology: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy. 2011;49(1):62-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bower, 2021",
          "ref": "Bower, J. E., Partridge, A. H., Wolff, A. C., Thorner, E. D., Irwin, M. R., Joffe, H., Petersen, L., Crespi, C. M., & Ganz, P. A. (2021, Nov 1). Targeting Depressive Symptoms in Younger Breast Cancer Survivors: The Pathways to Wellness Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness Meditation and Survivorship Education. J Clin Oncol, 39(31), 3473-3484. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.21.00279"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
        {
          "study": "Buntrock, 2015",
          "ref": "Buntrock C, Ebert D, Lehr D, Riper H, Smit F, Cuijpers P, et al. Effectiveness of a web-based cognitive behavioural intervention for subthreshold depression: Pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(6):348-58."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chesney, 2003",
          "ref": "Chesney MA, Chambers DB, Taylor JM, Johnson LM, Folkman S. Coping effectiveness training for men living with HIV: Results from a randomized clinical trial testing a group-based intervention. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2003;65(6):1038-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2014",
          "ref": "Ebert, D. D., Lehr, D., Boß, L., Riper, H., Cuijpers, P., Andersson, G., . . . Berking, M. (2014). Efficacy of an internet-based problem-solving training for teachers: results of a randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 582-596. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2018",
          "ref": "Ebert DD, Buntrock C, Lehr D, et al. Effectiveness of Web- and Mobile-Based Treatment of Subthreshold Depression With Adherence-Focused Guidance: a Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior therapy 2018; 49(1): 71‐83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Farrer, 2011",
          "ref": "Farrer L, Christensen H, Griffiths KM, Mackinnon A. Internet-based CBT for depression with and without telephone tracking in a national helpline: Randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e28099."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fledderus, 2012",
          "ref": "Fledderus M, Bohlmeijer ET, Pieterse ME, Schreurs KM. Acceptance and commitment therapy as guided self-help for psychological distress and positive mental health: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(3):485-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Geraedts, 2014",
          "ref": "Geraedts AS, Kleiboer AM, Wiezer NM, van Mechelen W, Cuijpers P. Short-term effects of a web-based guided self-help intervention for employees with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2014;16(5):e121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gitlin, 2013",
          "ref": "Gitlin LN, Harris LF, McCoy MC, Chernett NL, Pizzi LT, Jutkowitz E, et al. A home-based intervention to reduce depressive symptoms and improve quality of life in older African Americans: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;159(4):243-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guo, 2020",
          "ref": "Guo Y, Hong YA, Cai W, et al. Effect of a WeChat-Based Intervention (Run4Love) on Depressive Symptoms Among People Living With HIV in China: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(2):e16715."
        },
        {
          "study": "Haringsma, 2006",
          "ref": "Haringsma R, Engels G, Cuijpers P, Spinhoven P. Effectiveness of the Coping With Depression (CWD) course for older adults provided by the community-based mental health care system in the Netherlands: A randomized controlled field trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2006;18(02):307-25."
        },
        {
          "study": "Harrer, 2021",
          "ref": "Harrer, M., Apolinário-Hagen, J., Fritsche, L., Salewski, C., Zarski, A. C., Lehr, D., Baumeister, H., Cuijpers, P., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effect of an internet- and app-based stress intervention compared to online psychoeducation in university students with depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Internet Interventions, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100374"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heller, 2020",
          "ref": "Heller HM, Hoogendoorn AW, Honig A, Broekman BFP, van Straten A. The Effectiveness of a Guided Internet-Based Tool for the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety in Pregnancy (MamaKits Online): Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(3):e15172."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hermanns, 2015",
          "ref": "Hermanns N, Schmitt A, Gahr A, Herder C, Nowotny B, Roden M, et al. The effect of a diabetes-specific cognitive behavioral treatment program (DIAMOS) for patients with diabetes and subclinical depression: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(4):551-60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2016",
          "ref": "Huang, C.-Y., Lai, H.-L., Chen, C.-I., Lu, Y.-C., Li, S.-C., Wang, L.-W., & Su, Y. (2016). Effects of motivational enhancement therapy plus cognitive behaviour therapy on depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life in adults with type II diabetes mellitus: A randomised controlled trial. Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care & Rehabilitation, 25(5), 1275-1283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Joling, 2011",
          "ref": "Joling KJ, Hout HP, van't Veer-Tazelaar PJ, Horst HE, Cuijpers P, Ven PM, et al. How effective is bibliotherapy for very old adults with subthreshold depression? A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2011;19(3):256-65."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kelly, 1993",
          "ref": "Kelly JA, Murphy DA, Bahr GR, Kalichman SC, Morgan MG, Stevenson LY, et al. Outcome of cognitive-behavioral and support group brief therapies for depressed, HIV-infected persons. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1993;150(11):1679-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kenter, 2016",
          "ref": "Kenter, R. M. F., Cuijpers, P., Beekman, A., & van Straten, A. (2016). Effectiveness of a Web-based guided self-help intervention for outpatients with a depressive disorder: Short-term results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(3)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Korte, 2012",
          "ref": "Korte J, Bohlmeijer ET, Cappeliez P, Smit F, Westerhof GJ. Life review therapy for older adults with moderate depressive symptomatology: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(6):1163-73."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2014",
          "ref": "Kramer, J., Conijn, B., Oijevaar, P., & Riper, H. (2014). Effectiveness of a web-based solution-focused brief chat treatment for depressed adolescents and young adults: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res, 16(5), e141. doi:10.2196/jmir.3261"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2021",
          "ref": "Krämer, L. V., Grünzig, S. D., Baumeister, H., Ebert, D. D., & Bengel, J. (2021). Effectiveness of a Guided Web-Based Intervention to Reduce Depressive Symptoms before Outpatient Psychotherapy: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 90(4), 233-242. https://doi.org/10.1159/000515625"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lamers, 2015",
          "ref": "Lamers SMA, Bohlmeijer ET, Korte J, Westerhof GJ. The efficacy of life-review as online-guided self-help for adults: A randomized trial. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 2015; 70B(1): 24-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee, 2021",
          "ref": "Lee, E., Han, Y., Cha, Y. J., Oh, J. H., Hwang, N. R., Seo, H. J., & Choi, K. H. (2021). Community-Based Multi-Site Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation for Patients with Depressive Disorders [Article in Press]. Community mental health journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-021-00828-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Levin, 2011",
          "ref": "Levin W, Campbell DR, McGovern KB, Gau JM, Kosty DB, Seeley JR, et al. A computer-assisted depression intervention in primary care. Psychological Medicine. 2011;41(7):1373-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lintvedt, 2013",
          "ref": "Lintvedt OK, Griffiths KM, Sorensen K, ÿstvik AR, Wang CE, Eisemann M, et al. Evaluating the effectiveness and efficacy of unguided internet-based self-help intervention for the prevention of depression: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2013;20(1):10-27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Losada, 2015",
          "ref": "Losada A, Márquez-González M, Romero-Moreno R, Mausbach BT, López J, Fernández-Fernández V, et al. Cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for dementia family caregivers with significant depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(4):760-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "McCusker, 2021",
          "ref": "McCusker, J., Jones, J. M., Li, M., Faria, R., Yaffe, M. J., Lambert, S. D., Ciampi, A., Belzile, E., & de Raad, M. (2021). CanDirect: Effectiveness of a Telephone-Supported Depression Self-Care Intervention for Cancer Survivors. J Clin Oncol, 39(10), 1150-1161. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.20.01802"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennen, 2021",
          "ref": "Mennen, F. E., Palmer Molina, A., Monro, W. L., Duan, L., Stuart, S., & Sosna, T. (2021). Effectiveness of an Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) Group Depression Treatment for Head Start Mothers: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. J Affect Disord, 280(Pt B), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.074"
        },
        {
          "study": "Moskowitz, 2021",
          "ref": "Moskowitz, J. T., Addington, E. L., Shiu, E., Bassett, S. M., Schuette, S., Kwok, I., Freedman, M. E., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., Cohn, M. A., & Cheung, E. O. Facilitator Contact, Discussion Boards, and Virtual Badges as Adherence Enhancements to a Web-Based, Self-guided, Positive Psychological Intervention for Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 23(9), e25922."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nobis, 2015",
          "ref": "Nobis S, Lehr D, Ebert DD, Baumeister H, Snoek F, Riper H, et al. Efficacy of a web-based intervention with mobile phone support in treating depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(5):776-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pachankis, 2020",
          "ref": "Pachankis JE, McConocha EM, Clark KA, Wang K, Behari K, Fetzner BK, et al. A transdiagnostic minority stress intervention for gender diverse sexual minority women's depression, anxiety, and unhealthy alcohol use: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 2020;88(7):613-30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Penckofer, 2012",
          "ref": "Penckofer SM, Ferrans C, Mumby P, Byrn M, Emanuele MA, Harrison PR, et al. A psychoeducational intervention (SWEEP) for depressed women with diabetes. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2012;44(2):192-206."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pibernik-Okanovic, 2015",
          "ref": "Pibernik-Okanović M, Hermanns N, Ajduković D, Kos J, Prašek M, Šekerija M, Lovrenčić MV. Does treatment of subsyndromal depression improve depression-related and diabetes-related outcomes? A randomised controlled comparison of psychoeducation, physical exercise and enhanced treatment as usual. Trials. 2015 Jul 15;16:305."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pot, 2010",
          "ref": "Pot AM, Bohlmeijer ET, Onrust S, Melenhorst A-S, Veerbeek M, De Vries W. The impact of life review on depression in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2010;22(4):572-81."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pots, 2014",
          "ref": "Pots WTM, Meulenbeek PAM, Veehof MM, Klungers J, Bohlmeijer ET. The efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a public mental health intervention for adults with mild to moderate depressive symptomatology: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2014;9(10)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pots, 2016",
          "ref": "Pots WT, Fledderus M, Meulenbeek PA, ten Klooster PM, Schreurs KM, Bohlmeijer ET. Acceptance and commitment therapy as a web-based intervention for depressive symptoms: Randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2016;208(1):69-77."
        },
        {
          "study": "Roepke, 2015",
          "ref": "Roepke AM, Jaffee SR, Riffle OM, McGonigal J, Broome R, Maxwell B. Randomized controlled trial of SuperBetter, a smartphone-based/internet-based self-help tool to reduce depressive symptoms. Games for Health 2015-4(3): 235-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2016",
          "ref": "Safren SA, Bedoya CA, O'Cleirigh C, Biello KB, Pinkston MM, Stein MD, et al. Cognitive behavioural therapy for adherence and depression in patients with HIV: A three-arm randomised controlled trial. The Lancet HIV. 2016;3(11):e529-e38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2021",
          "ref": "Safren, S. A., O'Cleirigh, C., Andersen, L. S., Magidson, J. F., Lee, J. S., Bainter, S. A., . . . Joska, J. A. (2021). Treating depression and improving adherence in HIV care with task-shared cognitive behavioural therapy in Khayelitsha, South Africa: a randomized controlled trial. J Int AIDS Soc, 24(10), e25823. doi:10.1002/jia2.25823"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schlicker, 2020",
          "ref": "Schlicker S, Baumeister H, Buntrock C, et al. A web- And mobile-based intervention for comorbid, recurrent depression in patients with chronic back pain on sick leave (get.back): Pilot randomized controlled trial on feasibility, user satisfaction, and effectiveness. JMIR Mental Health. 2020;7(4)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schuster, 2017",
          "ref": "Schuster, R., Leitner, I., Carlbring, P., & Laireiter, A.-R. (2017). Exploring blended group interventions for depression: randomised controlled feasibility study of a blended computer- and multimedia-supported psychoeducational group intervention for adults with depressive symptoms. Internet Interventions, 8, 63-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Serrano, 2004",
          "ref": "Serrano JP, Latorre JM, Gatz M, Montanes J. Life review therapy using autobiographical retrieval practice for older adults with depressive symptomatology. Psychology and Aging. 2004;19(2):270-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tobin, 2017",
          "ref": "Tobin, K., Davey-Rothwell, M. A., Nonyane, B. A. S., Knowlton, A., Wissow, L., & Latkin, C. A. (2017). RCT of an integrated CBT-HIV intervention on depressive symptoms and HIV risk."
        },
        {
          "study": "Unlu-Ince, 2013",
          "ref": "Unlu Ince B, Cuijpers P, t Hof E, Ballegooijen W, Christensen H, Riper H. Internet-based, culturally sensitive, problem-solving therapy for Turkish migrants with depression: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2013;15(10):e227."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
          "ref": "van Luenen, S., Garnefski, N., Spinhoven, P., & Kraaij, V. (2018). Guided internet-based intervention for people with HIV and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial in the Netherlands. The lancet HIV, 5(9), e488-e497."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2017",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Torres, Á., Otero, P., Blanco, V., Díaz, O., & Estévez, L. E. (2017). Analysis of the components of a cognitive-behavioral intervention administered via conference call for preventing depression among non-professional caregivers: A pilot study. Aging Ment Health, 21(9), 938-946."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2020",
          "ref": "Vázquez FL, López L, Torres Á J, et al. Analysis of the Components of a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for the prevention of Depression Administered via Conference Call to Nonprofessional Caregivers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(6)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Blanco, V., Hita, I., Torres, Á. J., Otero, P., Páramo, M., & Salmerón, M. (2023). Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(18)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez-Gonzalez, 2013",
          "ref": "Vázquez González FL, Otero Otero P, Torres Iglesias A, Hermida Garcìa E, Blanco Seoane V, Dìaz Fernández O. A brief problem-solving indicated-prevention intervention for prevention of depression in nonprofessional caregivers. Psicothema. 2013;25(1):87-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vázquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., et al. (2023). \"Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial.\" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12(18). "
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker, 2014",
          "ref": "Walker JV, Lampropoulos GK. A comparison of self-help (homework) activities for mood enhancement: Results from a brief randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration. 2014;24(1):46-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Warmerdam, 2008",
          "ref": "Warmerdam L, Straten A, Twisk J, Riper H, Cuijpers P. Internet-based treatment for adults with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2008;10(4):e44."
        },
        {
          "study": "Westerhof, 2019",
          "ref": "Westerhof, G. J., Lamers, S. M. A., Postel, M. G., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2019). Online Therapy for Depressive Symptoms: An Evaluation of Counselor-Led and Peer-Supported Life Review Therapy. The Gerontologist, 59(1), 135-146. doi:10.1093/geront/gnx140"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wuthrich, 2013",
          "ref": "Wuthrich VM, Rapee RM. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behavioural therapy for comorbid anxiety and depression in older adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2013;51(12):779-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "van der Zanden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Zanden, R., Kramer, J., Gerrits, R., & Cuijpers, P. (2012). Effectiveness of an online group course for depression in adolescents and young adults: a randomized trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 14(3), e86."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Baumgartner, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumgartner, C., Schaub, M. P., Wenger, A., Malischnig, D., Augsburger, M., Lehr, D., . . . Haug, S. (2021). \"Take Care of You\" - Efficacy of integrated, minimal-guidance, internet-based self-help for reducing co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression symptoms in adults: Results of a three-arm randomized controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Depend, 225, 108806. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108806"
        },
        {
          "study": "Beeber, 2010",
          "ref": "Beeber LS, Holditch-Davis D, Perreira K, Schwartz TA, Lewis V, Blanchard H, et al. Short-term in-home intervention reduces depressive symptoms in Early Head Start Latina mothers of infants and toddlers. Research in Nursing and Health. 2010;33(1):60-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2023",
          "ref": "Blanco V, Otero P, Vázquez FL. A pilot study for a smartphone app for the prevention of depression in non-professional caregivers. Aging Ment Health. 2023 Jan;27(1):166-175. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2056878. Epub 2022 Mar 30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2018",
          "ref": "Boele FW, Klein M, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for glioma patients with depressive symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of neuro-oncology 2018; 137(1): 191‐203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2021",
          "ref": "Boele, F. W., et al. (2021). \"The effects of SmartCare© on neuro-oncology family caregivers’ distress: a randomized controlled trial.\" Supportive Care in Cancer."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bohlmeijer, 2011",
          "ref": "Bohlmeijer ET, Fledderus M, Rokx TA, Pieterse ME. Efficacy of an early intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy for adults with depressive symptomatology: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy. 2011;49(1):62-7."
        },
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          "study": "Bower, 2021",
          "ref": "Bower, J. E., Partridge, A. H., Wolff, A. C., Thorner, E. D., Irwin, M. R., Joffe, H., Petersen, L., Crespi, C. M., & Ganz, P. A. (2021, Nov 1). Targeting Depressive Symptoms in Younger Breast Cancer Survivors: The Pathways to Wellness Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness Meditation and Survivorship Education. J Clin Oncol, 39(31), 3473-3484. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.21.00279"
        },
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          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
        {
          "study": "Buntrock, 2015",
          "ref": "Buntrock C, Ebert D, Lehr D, Riper H, Smit F, Cuijpers P, et al. Effectiveness of a web-based cognitive behavioural intervention for subthreshold depression: Pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(6):348-58."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chesney, 2003",
          "ref": "Chesney MA, Chambers DB, Taylor JM, Johnson LM, Folkman S. Coping effectiveness training for men living with HIV: Results from a randomized clinical trial testing a group-based intervention. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2003;65(6):1038-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2014",
          "ref": "Ebert, D. D., Lehr, D., Boß, L., Riper, H., Cuijpers, P., Andersson, G., . . . Berking, M. (2014). Efficacy of an internet-based problem-solving training for teachers: results of a randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 582-596. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2018",
          "ref": "Ebert DD, Buntrock C, Lehr D, et al. Effectiveness of Web- and Mobile-Based Treatment of Subthreshold Depression With Adherence-Focused Guidance: a Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior therapy 2018; 49(1): 71‐83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Farrer, 2011",
          "ref": "Farrer L, Christensen H, Griffiths KM, Mackinnon A. Internet-based CBT for depression with and without telephone tracking in a national helpline: Randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e28099."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fledderus, 2012",
          "ref": "Fledderus M, Bohlmeijer ET, Pieterse ME, Schreurs KM. Acceptance and commitment therapy as guided self-help for psychological distress and positive mental health: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(3):485-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Geraedts, 2014",
          "ref": "Geraedts AS, Kleiboer AM, Wiezer NM, van Mechelen W, Cuijpers P. Short-term effects of a web-based guided self-help intervention for employees with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2014;16(5):e121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guo, 2020",
          "ref": "Guo Y, Hong YA, Cai W, et al. Effect of a WeChat-Based Intervention (Run4Love) on Depressive Symptoms Among People Living With HIV in China: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(2):e16715."
        },
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          "study": "Harrer, 2021",
          "ref": "Harrer, M., Apolinário-Hagen, J., Fritsche, L., Salewski, C., Zarski, A. C., Lehr, D., Baumeister, H., Cuijpers, P., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effect of an internet- and app-based stress intervention compared to online psychoeducation in university students with depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Internet Interventions, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100374"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heller, 2020",
          "ref": "Heller HM, Hoogendoorn AW, Honig A, Broekman BFP, van Straten A. The Effectiveness of a Guided Internet-Based Tool for the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety in Pregnancy (MamaKits Online): Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(3):e15172."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hermanns, 2015",
          "ref": "Hermanns N, Schmitt A, Gahr A, Herder C, Nowotny B, Roden M, et al. The effect of a diabetes-specific cognitive behavioral treatment program (DIAMOS) for patients with diabetes and subclinical depression: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(4):551-60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kelly, 1993",
          "ref": "Kelly JA, Murphy DA, Bahr GR, Kalichman SC, Morgan MG, Stevenson LY, et al. Outcome of cognitive-behavioral and support group brief therapies for depressed, HIV-infected persons. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1993;150(11):1679-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kenter, 2016",
          "ref": "Kenter, R. M. F., Cuijpers, P., Beekman, A., & van Straten, A. (2016). Effectiveness of a Web-based guided self-help intervention for outpatients with a depressive disorder: Short-term results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(3)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2021",
          "ref": "Krämer, L. V., Grünzig, S. D., Baumeister, H., Ebert, D. D., & Bengel, J. (2021). Effectiveness of a Guided Web-Based Intervention to Reduce Depressive Symptoms before Outpatient Psychotherapy: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 90(4), 233-242. https://doi.org/10.1159/000515625"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee, 2021",
          "ref": "Lee, E., Han, Y., Cha, Y. J., Oh, J. H., Hwang, N. R., Seo, H. J., & Choi, K. H. (2021). Community-Based Multi-Site Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation for Patients with Depressive Disorders [Article in Press]. Community mental health journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-021-00828-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Levin, 2011",
          "ref": "Levin W, Campbell DR, McGovern KB, Gau JM, Kosty DB, Seeley JR, et al. A computer-assisted depression intervention in primary care. Psychological Medicine. 2011;41(7):1373-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lintvedt, 2013",
          "ref": "Lintvedt OK, Griffiths KM, Sorensen K, ÿstvik AR, Wang CE, Eisemann M, et al. Evaluating the effectiveness and efficacy of unguided internet-based self-help intervention for the prevention of depression: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2013;20(1):10-27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennen, 2021",
          "ref": "Mennen, F. E., Palmer Molina, A., Monro, W. L., Duan, L., Stuart, S., & Sosna, T. (2021). Effectiveness of an Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) Group Depression Treatment for Head Start Mothers: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. J Affect Disord, 280(Pt B), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.074"
        },
        {
          "study": "Moskowitz, 2021",
          "ref": "Moskowitz, J. T., Addington, E. L., Shiu, E., Bassett, S. M., Schuette, S., Kwok, I., Freedman, M. E., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., Cohn, M. A., & Cheung, E. O. Facilitator Contact, Discussion Boards, and Virtual Badges as Adherence Enhancements to a Web-Based, Self-guided, Positive Psychological Intervention for Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 23(9), e25922."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nobis, 2015",
          "ref": "Nobis S, Lehr D, Ebert DD, Baumeister H, Snoek F, Riper H, et al. Efficacy of a web-based intervention with mobile phone support in treating depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(5):776-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Penckofer, 2012",
          "ref": "Penckofer SM, Ferrans C, Mumby P, Byrn M, Emanuele MA, Harrison PR, et al. A psychoeducational intervention (SWEEP) for depressed women with diabetes. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2012;44(2):192-206."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pots, 2014",
          "ref": "Pots WTM, Meulenbeek PAM, Veehof MM, Klungers J, Bohlmeijer ET. The efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a public mental health intervention for adults with mild to moderate depressive symptomatology: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2014;9(10)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pots, 2016",
          "ref": "Pots WT, Fledderus M, Meulenbeek PA, ten Klooster PM, Schreurs KM, Bohlmeijer ET. Acceptance and commitment therapy as a web-based intervention for depressive symptoms: Randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2016;208(1):69-77."
        },
        {
          "study": "Roepke, 2015",
          "ref": "Roepke AM, Jaffee SR, Riffle OM, McGonigal J, Broome R, Maxwell B. Randomized controlled trial of SuperBetter, a smartphone-based/internet-based self-help tool to reduce depressive symptoms. Games for Health 2015-4(3): 235-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2016",
          "ref": "Safren SA, Bedoya CA, O'Cleirigh C, Biello KB, Pinkston MM, Stein MD, et al. Cognitive behavioural therapy for adherence and depression in patients with HIV: A three-arm randomised controlled trial. The Lancet HIV. 2016;3(11):e529-e38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schlicker, 2020",
          "ref": "Schlicker S, Baumeister H, Buntrock C, et al. A web- And mobile-based intervention for comorbid, recurrent depression in patients with chronic back pain on sick leave (get.back): Pilot randomized controlled trial on feasibility, user satisfaction, and effectiveness. JMIR Mental Health. 2020;7(4)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schuster, 2017",
          "ref": "Schuster, R., Leitner, I., Carlbring, P., & Laireiter, A.-R. (2017). Exploring blended group interventions for depression: randomised controlled feasibility study of a blended computer- and multimedia-supported psychoeducational group intervention for adults with depressive symptoms. Internet Interventions, 8, 63-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tobin, 2017",
          "ref": "Tobin, K., Davey-Rothwell, M. A., Nonyane, B. A. S., Knowlton, A., Wissow, L., & Latkin, C. A. (2017). RCT of an integrated CBT-HIV intervention on depressive symptoms and HIV risk."
        },
        {
          "study": "Unlu-Ince, 2013",
          "ref": "Unlu Ince B, Cuijpers P, t Hof E, Ballegooijen W, Christensen H, Riper H. Internet-based, culturally sensitive, problem-solving therapy for Turkish migrants with depression: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2013;15(10):e227."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
          "ref": "van Luenen, S., Garnefski, N., Spinhoven, P., & Kraaij, V. (2018). Guided internet-based intervention for people with HIV and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial in the Netherlands. The lancet HIV, 5(9), e488-e497."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2020",
          "ref": "Vázquez FL, López L, Torres Á J, et al. Analysis of the Components of a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for the prevention of Depression Administered via Conference Call to Nonprofessional Caregivers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(6)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Blanco, V., Hita, I., Torres, Á. J., Otero, P., Páramo, M., & Salmerón, M. (2023). Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(18)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez-Gonzalez, 2013",
          "ref": "Vázquez González FL, Otero Otero P, Torres Iglesias A, Hermida Garcìa E, Blanco Seoane V, Dìaz Fernández O. A brief problem-solving indicated-prevention intervention for prevention of depression in nonprofessional caregivers. Psicothema. 2013;25(1):87-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vázquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., et al. (2023). \"Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial.\" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12(18). "
        },
        {
          "study": "Warmerdam, 2008",
          "ref": "Warmerdam L, Straten A, Twisk J, Riper H, Cuijpers P. Internet-based treatment for adults with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2008;10(4):e44."
        },
        {
          "study": "Westerhof, 2019",
          "ref": "Westerhof, G. J., Lamers, S. M. A., Postel, M. G., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2019). Online Therapy for Depressive Symptoms: An Evaluation of Counselor-Led and Peer-Supported Life Review Therapy. The Gerontologist, 59(1), 135-146. doi:10.1093/geront/gnx140"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 386,
      "instr": "CES-D",
      "full": "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale",
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      "sg": "Age group",
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      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 68,
      "k_es": 95,
      "sd": 9.193,
      "lo": 8.22,
      "hi": 10.281,
      "tau2": 0.1993,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afonso, 2009",
          "ref": "Afonso, R., & Bueno, B. (2009). Efectos de un programa de reminiscencia sobre la sintomatología depresiva en una muestra de población mayor portuguesa. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 44(6), 317-322."
        },
        {
          "study": "Baumgartner, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumgartner, C., Schaub, M. P., Wenger, A., Malischnig, D., Augsburger, M., Lehr, D., . . . Haug, S. (2021). \"Take Care of You\" - Efficacy of integrated, minimal-guidance, internet-based self-help for reducing co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression symptoms in adults: Results of a three-arm randomized controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Depend, 225, 108806. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108806"
        },
        {
          "study": "Beeber, 2010",
          "ref": "Beeber LS, Holditch-Davis D, Perreira K, Schwartz TA, Lewis V, Blanchard H, et al. Short-term in-home intervention reduces depressive symptoms in Early Head Start Latina mothers of infants and toddlers. Research in Nursing and Health. 2010;33(1):60-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2023",
          "ref": "Blanco V, Otero P, Vázquez FL. A pilot study for a smartphone app for the prevention of depression in non-professional caregivers. Aging Ment Health. 2023 Jan;27(1):166-175. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2056878. Epub 2022 Mar 30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2018",
          "ref": "Boele FW, Klein M, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for glioma patients with depressive symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of neuro-oncology 2018; 137(1): 191‐203."
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        },
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        },
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 387,
      "instr": "CES-D",
      "full": "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Age group",
      "sgv": "Older adults",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 15,
      "k_es": 18,
      "sd": 7.223,
      "lo": 5.62,
      "hi": 9.283,
      "tau2": 0.2403,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 2.676,
      "phi": 19.495,
      "i2": 98.2,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Losada, 2015",
          "ref": "Losada A, Márquez-González M, Romero-Moreno R, Mausbach BT, López J, Fernández-Fernández V, et al. Cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for dementia family caregivers with significant depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(4):760-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "McCusker, 2021",
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Pot, 2010",
          "ref": "Pot AM, Bohlmeijer ET, Onrust S, Melenhorst A-S, Veerbeek M, De Vries W. The impact of life review on depression in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2010;22(4):572-81."
        },
        {
          "study": "Serrano, 2004",
          "ref": "Serrano JP, Latorre JM, Gatz M, Montanes J. Life review therapy using autobiographical retrieval practice for older adults with depressive symptomatology. Psychology and Aging. 2004;19(2):270-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2017",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Torres, Á., Otero, P., Blanco, V., Díaz, O., & Estévez, L. E. (2017). Analysis of the components of a cognitive-behavioral intervention administered via conference call for preventing depression among non-professional caregivers: A pilot study. Aging Ment Health, 21(9), 938-946."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wuthrich, 2013",
          "ref": "Wuthrich VM, Rapee RM. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behavioural therapy for comorbid anxiety and depression in older adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2013;51(12):779-86."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Chesney, 2003",
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        },
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          "study": "Ebert, 2014",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2018",
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Joling, 2011",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Kelly, 1993",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Kenter, 2016",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Korte, 2012",
          "ref": "Korte J, Bohlmeijer ET, Cappeliez P, Smit F, Westerhof GJ. Life review therapy for older adults with moderate depressive symptomatology: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(6):1163-73."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2014",
          "ref": "Kramer, J., Conijn, B., Oijevaar, P., & Riper, H. (2014). Effectiveness of a web-based solution-focused brief chat treatment for depressed adolescents and young adults: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res, 16(5), e141. doi:10.2196/jmir.3261"
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Walker, 2014",
          "ref": "Walker JV, Lampropoulos GK. A comparison of self-help (homework) activities for mood enhancement: Results from a brief randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration. 2014;24(1):46-64."
        },
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        },
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          "ref": "Wuthrich VM, Rapee RM. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behavioural therapy for comorbid anxiety and depression in older adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2013;51(12):779-86."
        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "van der Zanden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Zanden, R., Kramer, J., Gerrits, R., & Cuijpers, P. (2012). Effectiveness of an online group course for depression in adolescents and young adults: a randomized trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 14(3), e86."
        }
      ]
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Ede, 2020",
          "ref": "Ede MO, Igbo JN, Eseadi C, et al. Effect of group cognitive behavioural therapy on depressive symptoms in a sample of college adolescents in Nigeria. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. 2020;38(3):306-318."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2014",
          "ref": "Kramer, J., Conijn, B., Oijevaar, P., & Riper, H. (2014). Effectiveness of a web-based solution-focused brief chat treatment for depressed adolescents and young adults: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res, 16(5), e141. doi:10.2196/jmir.3261"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pachankis, 2020",
          "ref": "Pachankis JE, McConocha EM, Clark KA, Wang K, Behari K, Fetzner BK, et al. A transdiagnostic minority stress intervention for gender diverse sexual minority women's depression, anxiety, and unhealthy alcohol use: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 2020;88(7):613-30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker, 2014",
          "ref": "Walker JV, Lampropoulos GK. A comparison of self-help (homework) activities for mood enhancement: Results from a brief randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration. 2014;24(1):46-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "van der Zanden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Zanden, R., Kramer, J., Gerrits, R., & Cuijpers, P. (2012). Effectiveness of an online group course for depression in adolescents and young adults: a randomized trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 14(3), e86."
        }
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      "sg": "Age group",
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      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 68,
      "k_es": 95,
      "sd": 9.193,
      "lo": 8.22,
      "hi": 10.281,
      "tau2": 0.1993,
      "tau2w": 0.011,
      "plo": 3.717,
      "phi": 22.739,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Beeber, 2010",
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        },
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          "study": "Blanco, 2023",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Kenter, 2016",
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        },
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          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2014",
          "ref": "Kramer, J., Conijn, B., Oijevaar, P., & Riper, H. (2014). Effectiveness of a web-based solution-focused brief chat treatment for depressed adolescents and young adults: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res, 16(5), e141. doi:10.2196/jmir.3261"
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "CES-D",
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      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Comorbidity",
      "sgv": "No comorbidity",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
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      "k_es": 88,
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      "tau2": 0.2245,
      "tau2w": null,
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      "phi": 23.369,
      "i2": 98.5,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Beeber, 2010",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2023",
          "ref": "Blanco V, Otero P, Vázquez FL. A pilot study for a smartphone app for the prevention of depression in non-professional caregivers. Aging Ment Health. 2023 Jan;27(1):166-175. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2056878. Epub 2022 Mar 30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2018",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Bohlmeijer, 2011",
          "ref": "Bohlmeijer ET, Fledderus M, Rokx TA, Pieterse ME. Efficacy of an early intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy for adults with depressive symptomatology: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy. 2011;49(1):62-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bower, 2021",
          "ref": "Bower, J. E., Partridge, A. H., Wolff, A. C., Thorner, E. D., Irwin, M. R., Joffe, H., Petersen, L., Crespi, C. M., & Ganz, P. A. (2021, Nov 1). Targeting Depressive Symptoms in Younger Breast Cancer Survivors: The Pathways to Wellness Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness Meditation and Survivorship Education. J Clin Oncol, 39(31), 3473-3484. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.21.00279"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
        {
          "study": "Buntrock, 2015",
          "ref": "Buntrock C, Ebert D, Lehr D, Riper H, Smit F, Cuijpers P, et al. Effectiveness of a web-based cognitive behavioural intervention for subthreshold depression: Pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(6):348-58."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chesney, 2003",
          "ref": "Chesney MA, Chambers DB, Taylor JM, Johnson LM, Folkman S. Coping effectiveness training for men living with HIV: Results from a randomized clinical trial testing a group-based intervention. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2003;65(6):1038-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2014",
          "ref": "Ebert, D. D., Lehr, D., Boß, L., Riper, H., Cuijpers, P., Andersson, G., . . . Berking, M. (2014). Efficacy of an internet-based problem-solving training for teachers: results of a randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 582-596. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2018",
          "ref": "Ebert DD, Buntrock C, Lehr D, et al. Effectiveness of Web- and Mobile-Based Treatment of Subthreshold Depression With Adherence-Focused Guidance: a Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior therapy 2018; 49(1): 71‐83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ede, 2020",
          "ref": "Ede MO, Igbo JN, Eseadi C, et al. Effect of group cognitive behavioural therapy on depressive symptoms in a sample of college adolescents in Nigeria. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. 2020;38(3):306-318."
        },
        {
          "study": "Farrer, 2011",
          "ref": "Farrer L, Christensen H, Griffiths KM, Mackinnon A. Internet-based CBT for depression with and without telephone tracking in a national helpline: Randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e28099."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fledderus, 2012",
          "ref": "Fledderus M, Bohlmeijer ET, Pieterse ME, Schreurs KM. Acceptance and commitment therapy as guided self-help for psychological distress and positive mental health: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(3):485-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Geraedts, 2014",
          "ref": "Geraedts AS, Kleiboer AM, Wiezer NM, van Mechelen W, Cuijpers P. Short-term effects of a web-based guided self-help intervention for employees with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2014;16(5):e121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gitlin, 2013",
          "ref": "Gitlin LN, Harris LF, McCoy MC, Chernett NL, Pizzi LT, Jutkowitz E, et al. A home-based intervention to reduce depressive symptoms and improve quality of life in older African Americans: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;159(4):243-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guo, 2020",
          "ref": "Guo Y, Hong YA, Cai W, et al. Effect of a WeChat-Based Intervention (Run4Love) on Depressive Symptoms Among People Living With HIV in China: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(2):e16715."
        },
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          "study": "Haringsma, 2006",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Harrer, 2021",
          "ref": "Harrer, M., Apolinário-Hagen, J., Fritsche, L., Salewski, C., Zarski, A. C., Lehr, D., Baumeister, H., Cuijpers, P., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effect of an internet- and app-based stress intervention compared to online psychoeducation in university students with depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Internet Interventions, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100374"
        },
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          "study": "Hermanns, 2015",
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        },
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          "study": "Huang, 2016",
          "ref": "Huang, C.-Y., Lai, H.-L., Chen, C.-I., Lu, Y.-C., Li, S.-C., Wang, L.-W., & Su, Y. (2016). Effects of motivational enhancement therapy plus cognitive behaviour therapy on depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life in adults with type II diabetes mellitus: A randomised controlled trial. Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care & Rehabilitation, 25(5), 1275-1283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Joling, 2011",
          "ref": "Joling KJ, Hout HP, van't Veer-Tazelaar PJ, Horst HE, Cuijpers P, Ven PM, et al. How effective is bibliotherapy for very old adults with subthreshold depression? A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2011;19(3):256-65."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kelly, 1993",
          "ref": "Kelly JA, Murphy DA, Bahr GR, Kalichman SC, Morgan MG, Stevenson LY, et al. Outcome of cognitive-behavioral and support group brief therapies for depressed, HIV-infected persons. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1993;150(11):1679-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kenter, 2016",
          "ref": "Kenter, R. M. F., Cuijpers, P., Beekman, A., & van Straten, A. (2016). Effectiveness of a Web-based guided self-help intervention for outpatients with a depressive disorder: Short-term results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(3)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Korte, 2012",
          "ref": "Korte J, Bohlmeijer ET, Cappeliez P, Smit F, Westerhof GJ. Life review therapy for older adults with moderate depressive symptomatology: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(6):1163-73."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2014",
          "ref": "Kramer, J., Conijn, B., Oijevaar, P., & Riper, H. (2014). Effectiveness of a web-based solution-focused brief chat treatment for depressed adolescents and young adults: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res, 16(5), e141. doi:10.2196/jmir.3261"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2021",
          "ref": "Krämer, L. V., Grünzig, S. D., Baumeister, H., Ebert, D. D., & Bengel, J. (2021). Effectiveness of a Guided Web-Based Intervention to Reduce Depressive Symptoms before Outpatient Psychotherapy: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 90(4), 233-242. https://doi.org/10.1159/000515625"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lamers, 2015",
          "ref": "Lamers SMA, Bohlmeijer ET, Korte J, Westerhof GJ. The efficacy of life-review as online-guided self-help for adults: A randomized trial. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 2015; 70B(1): 24-34."
        },
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          "study": "Lee, 2021",
          "ref": "Lee, E., Han, Y., Cha, Y. J., Oh, J. H., Hwang, N. R., Seo, H. J., & Choi, K. H. (2021). Community-Based Multi-Site Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation for Patients with Depressive Disorders [Article in Press]. Community mental health journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-021-00828-3"
        },
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          "study": "Levin, 2011",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Losada, 2015",
          "ref": "Losada A, Márquez-González M, Romero-Moreno R, Mausbach BT, López J, Fernández-Fernández V, et al. Cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for dementia family caregivers with significant depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(4):760-72."
        },
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          "study": "McCusker, 2021",
          "ref": "McCusker, J., Jones, J. M., Li, M., Faria, R., Yaffe, M. J., Lambert, S. D., Ciampi, A., Belzile, E., & de Raad, M. (2021). CanDirect: Effectiveness of a Telephone-Supported Depression Self-Care Intervention for Cancer Survivors. J Clin Oncol, 39(10), 1150-1161. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.20.01802"
        },
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          "study": "Mennen, 2021",
          "ref": "Mennen, F. E., Palmer Molina, A., Monro, W. L., Duan, L., Stuart, S., & Sosna, T. (2021). Effectiveness of an Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) Group Depression Treatment for Head Start Mothers: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. J Affect Disord, 280(Pt B), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.074"
        },
        {
          "study": "Moskowitz, 2021",
          "ref": "Moskowitz, J. T., Addington, E. L., Shiu, E., Bassett, S. M., Schuette, S., Kwok, I., Freedman, M. E., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., Cohn, M. A., & Cheung, E. O. Facilitator Contact, Discussion Boards, and Virtual Badges as Adherence Enhancements to a Web-Based, Self-guided, Positive Psychological Intervention for Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 23(9), e25922."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nobis, 2015",
          "ref": "Nobis S, Lehr D, Ebert DD, Baumeister H, Snoek F, Riper H, et al. Efficacy of a web-based intervention with mobile phone support in treating depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(5):776-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Penckofer, 2012",
          "ref": "Penckofer SM, Ferrans C, Mumby P, Byrn M, Emanuele MA, Harrison PR, et al. A psychoeducational intervention (SWEEP) for depressed women with diabetes. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2012;44(2):192-206."
        },
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          "study": "Pibernik-Okanovic, 2015",
          "ref": "Pibernik-Okanović M, Hermanns N, Ajduković D, Kos J, Prašek M, Šekerija M, Lovrenčić MV. Does treatment of subsyndromal depression improve depression-related and diabetes-related outcomes? A randomised controlled comparison of psychoeducation, physical exercise and enhanced treatment as usual. Trials. 2015 Jul 15;16:305."
        },
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          "study": "Pot, 2010",
          "ref": "Pot AM, Bohlmeijer ET, Onrust S, Melenhorst A-S, Veerbeek M, De Vries W. The impact of life review on depression in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2010;22(4):572-81."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pots, 2014",
          "ref": "Pots WTM, Meulenbeek PAM, Veehof MM, Klungers J, Bohlmeijer ET. The efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a public mental health intervention for adults with mild to moderate depressive symptomatology: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2014;9(10)."
        },
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          "study": "Pots, 2016",
          "ref": "Pots WT, Fledderus M, Meulenbeek PA, ten Klooster PM, Schreurs KM, Bohlmeijer ET. Acceptance and commitment therapy as a web-based intervention for depressive symptoms: Randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2016;208(1):69-77."
        },
        {
          "study": "Roepke, 2015",
          "ref": "Roepke AM, Jaffee SR, Riffle OM, McGonigal J, Broome R, Maxwell B. Randomized controlled trial of SuperBetter, a smartphone-based/internet-based self-help tool to reduce depressive symptoms. Games for Health 2015-4(3): 235-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2016",
          "ref": "Safren SA, Bedoya CA, O'Cleirigh C, Biello KB, Pinkston MM, Stein MD, et al. Cognitive behavioural therapy for adherence and depression in patients with HIV: A three-arm randomised controlled trial. The Lancet HIV. 2016;3(11):e529-e38."
        },
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          "study": "Safren, 2021",
          "ref": "Safren, S. A., O'Cleirigh, C., Andersen, L. S., Magidson, J. F., Lee, J. S., Bainter, S. A., . . . Joska, J. A. (2021). Treating depression and improving adherence in HIV care with task-shared cognitive behavioural therapy in Khayelitsha, South Africa: a randomized controlled trial. J Int AIDS Soc, 24(10), e25823. doi:10.1002/jia2.25823"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schlicker, 2020",
          "ref": "Schlicker S, Baumeister H, Buntrock C, et al. A web- And mobile-based intervention for comorbid, recurrent depression in patients with chronic back pain on sick leave (get.back): Pilot randomized controlled trial on feasibility, user satisfaction, and effectiveness. JMIR Mental Health. 2020;7(4)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schuster, 2017",
          "ref": "Schuster, R., Leitner, I., Carlbring, P., & Laireiter, A.-R. (2017). Exploring blended group interventions for depression: randomised controlled feasibility study of a blended computer- and multimedia-supported psychoeducational group intervention for adults with depressive symptoms. Internet Interventions, 8, 63-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Serrano, 2004",
          "ref": "Serrano JP, Latorre JM, Gatz M, Montanes J. Life review therapy using autobiographical retrieval practice for older adults with depressive symptomatology. Psychology and Aging. 2004;19(2):270-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tobin, 2017",
          "ref": "Tobin, K., Davey-Rothwell, M. A., Nonyane, B. A. S., Knowlton, A., Wissow, L., & Latkin, C. A. (2017). RCT of an integrated CBT-HIV intervention on depressive symptoms and HIV risk."
        },
        {
          "study": "Unlu-Ince, 2013",
          "ref": "Unlu Ince B, Cuijpers P, t Hof E, Ballegooijen W, Christensen H, Riper H. Internet-based, culturally sensitive, problem-solving therapy for Turkish migrants with depression: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2013;15(10):e227."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
          "ref": "van Luenen, S., Garnefski, N., Spinhoven, P., & Kraaij, V. (2018). Guided internet-based intervention for people with HIV and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial in the Netherlands. The lancet HIV, 5(9), e488-e497."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2017",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Torres, Á., Otero, P., Blanco, V., Díaz, O., & Estévez, L. E. (2017). Analysis of the components of a cognitive-behavioral intervention administered via conference call for preventing depression among non-professional caregivers: A pilot study. Aging Ment Health, 21(9), 938-946."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2020",
          "ref": "Vázquez FL, López L, Torres Á J, et al. Analysis of the Components of a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for the prevention of Depression Administered via Conference Call to Nonprofessional Caregivers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(6)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Blanco, V., Hita, I., Torres, Á. J., Otero, P., Páramo, M., & Salmerón, M. (2023). Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(18)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez-Gonzalez, 2013",
          "ref": "Vázquez González FL, Otero Otero P, Torres Iglesias A, Hermida Garcìa E, Blanco Seoane V, Dìaz Fernández O. A brief problem-solving indicated-prevention intervention for prevention of depression in nonprofessional caregivers. Psicothema. 2013;25(1):87-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vázquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., et al. (2023). \"Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial.\" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12(18). "
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker, 2014",
          "ref": "Walker JV, Lampropoulos GK. A comparison of self-help (homework) activities for mood enhancement: Results from a brief randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration. 2014;24(1):46-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Warmerdam, 2008",
          "ref": "Warmerdam L, Straten A, Twisk J, Riper H, Cuijpers P. Internet-based treatment for adults with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2008;10(4):e44."
        },
        {
          "study": "Westerhof, 2019",
          "ref": "Westerhof, G. J., Lamers, S. M. A., Postel, M. G., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2019). Online Therapy for Depressive Symptoms: An Evaluation of Counselor-Led and Peer-Supported Life Review Therapy. The Gerontologist, 59(1), 135-146. doi:10.1093/geront/gnx140"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "van der Zanden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Zanden, R., Kramer, J., Gerrits, R., & Cuijpers, P. (2012). Effectiveness of an online group course for depression in adolescents and young adults: a randomized trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 14(3), e86."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 392,
      "instr": "CES-D",
      "full": "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Comorbidity",
      "sgv": "No comorbidity",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 68,
      "k_es": 95,
      "sd": 9.193,
      "lo": 8.22,
      "hi": 10.281,
      "tau2": 0.1993,
      "tau2w": 0.011,
      "plo": 3.717,
      "phi": 22.739,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
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        },
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          "study": "Beeber, 2010",
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        },
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          "study": "Blanco, 2023",
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        },
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          "study": "Boele, 2018",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2021",
          "ref": "Boele, F. W., et al. (2021). \"The effects of SmartCare© on neuro-oncology family caregivers’ distress: a randomized controlled trial.\" Supportive Care in Cancer."
        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Bower, 2021",
          "ref": "Bower, J. E., Partridge, A. H., Wolff, A. C., Thorner, E. D., Irwin, M. R., Joffe, H., Petersen, L., Crespi, C. M., & Ganz, P. A. (2021, Nov 1). Targeting Depressive Symptoms in Younger Breast Cancer Survivors: The Pathways to Wellness Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness Meditation and Survivorship Education. J Clin Oncol, 39(31), 3473-3484. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.21.00279"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
        {
          "study": "Buntrock, 2015",
          "ref": "Buntrock C, Ebert D, Lehr D, Riper H, Smit F, Cuijpers P, et al. Effectiveness of a web-based cognitive behavioural intervention for subthreshold depression: Pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(6):348-58."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chesney, 2003",
          "ref": "Chesney MA, Chambers DB, Taylor JM, Johnson LM, Folkman S. Coping effectiveness training for men living with HIV: Results from a randomized clinical trial testing a group-based intervention. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2003;65(6):1038-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2014",
          "ref": "Ebert, D. D., Lehr, D., Boß, L., Riper, H., Cuijpers, P., Andersson, G., . . . Berking, M. (2014). Efficacy of an internet-based problem-solving training for teachers: results of a randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 582-596. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2018",
          "ref": "Ebert DD, Buntrock C, Lehr D, et al. Effectiveness of Web- and Mobile-Based Treatment of Subthreshold Depression With Adherence-Focused Guidance: a Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior therapy 2018; 49(1): 71‐83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ede, 2020",
          "ref": "Ede MO, Igbo JN, Eseadi C, et al. Effect of group cognitive behavioural therapy on depressive symptoms in a sample of college adolescents in Nigeria. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. 2020;38(3):306-318."
        },
        {
          "study": "Farrer, 2011",
          "ref": "Farrer L, Christensen H, Griffiths KM, Mackinnon A. Internet-based CBT for depression with and without telephone tracking in a national helpline: Randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e28099."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fledderus, 2012",
          "ref": "Fledderus M, Bohlmeijer ET, Pieterse ME, Schreurs KM. Acceptance and commitment therapy as guided self-help for psychological distress and positive mental health: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(3):485-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Geraedts, 2014",
          "ref": "Geraedts AS, Kleiboer AM, Wiezer NM, van Mechelen W, Cuijpers P. Short-term effects of a web-based guided self-help intervention for employees with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2014;16(5):e121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gitlin, 2013",
          "ref": "Gitlin LN, Harris LF, McCoy MC, Chernett NL, Pizzi LT, Jutkowitz E, et al. A home-based intervention to reduce depressive symptoms and improve quality of life in older African Americans: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;159(4):243-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guo, 2020",
          "ref": "Guo Y, Hong YA, Cai W, et al. Effect of a WeChat-Based Intervention (Run4Love) on Depressive Symptoms Among People Living With HIV in China: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(2):e16715."
        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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        }
      ]
    },
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        {
          "study": "Afonso, 2009",
          "ref": "Afonso, R., & Bueno, B. (2009). Efectos de un programa de reminiscencia sobre la sintomatología depresiva en una muestra de población mayor portuguesa. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 44(6), 317-322."
        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Heller, 2020",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Hermanns, 2015",
          "ref": "Hermanns N, Schmitt A, Gahr A, Herder C, Nowotny B, Roden M, et al. The effect of a diabetes-specific cognitive behavioral treatment program (DIAMOS) for patients with diabetes and subclinical depression: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(4):551-60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2016",
          "ref": "Huang, C.-Y., Lai, H.-L., Chen, C.-I., Lu, Y.-C., Li, S.-C., Wang, L.-W., & Su, Y. (2016). Effects of motivational enhancement therapy plus cognitive behaviour therapy on depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life in adults with type II diabetes mellitus: A randomised controlled trial. Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care & Rehabilitation, 25(5), 1275-1283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Joling, 2011",
          "ref": "Joling KJ, Hout HP, van't Veer-Tazelaar PJ, Horst HE, Cuijpers P, Ven PM, et al. How effective is bibliotherapy for very old adults with subthreshold depression? A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2011;19(3):256-65."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee, 2021",
          "ref": "Lee, E., Han, Y., Cha, Y. J., Oh, J. H., Hwang, N. R., Seo, H. J., & Choi, K. H. (2021). Community-Based Multi-Site Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation for Patients with Depressive Disorders [Article in Press]. Community mental health journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-021-00828-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Levin, 2011",
          "ref": "Levin W, Campbell DR, McGovern KB, Gau JM, Kosty DB, Seeley JR, et al. A computer-assisted depression intervention in primary care. Psychological Medicine. 2011;41(7):1373-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennen, 2021",
          "ref": "Mennen, F. E., Palmer Molina, A., Monro, W. L., Duan, L., Stuart, S., & Sosna, T. (2021). Effectiveness of an Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) Group Depression Treatment for Head Start Mothers: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. J Affect Disord, 280(Pt B), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.074"
        },
        {
          "study": "Penckofer, 2012",
          "ref": "Penckofer SM, Ferrans C, Mumby P, Byrn M, Emanuele MA, Harrison PR, et al. A psychoeducational intervention (SWEEP) for depressed women with diabetes. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2012;44(2):192-206."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2016",
          "ref": "Safren SA, Bedoya CA, O'Cleirigh C, Biello KB, Pinkston MM, Stein MD, et al. Cognitive behavioural therapy for adherence and depression in patients with HIV: A three-arm randomised controlled trial. The Lancet HIV. 2016;3(11):e529-e38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2021",
          "ref": "Safren, S. A., O'Cleirigh, C., Andersen, L. S., Magidson, J. F., Lee, J. S., Bainter, S. A., . . . Joska, J. A. (2021). Treating depression and improving adherence in HIV care with task-shared cognitive behavioural therapy in Khayelitsha, South Africa: a randomized controlled trial. J Int AIDS Soc, 24(10), e25823. doi:10.1002/jia2.25823"
        },
        {
          "study": "Serrano, 2004",
          "ref": "Serrano JP, Latorre JM, Gatz M, Montanes J. Life review therapy using autobiographical retrieval practice for older adults with depressive symptomatology. Psychology and Aging. 2004;19(2):270-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2017",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Torres, Á., Otero, P., Blanco, V., Díaz, O., & Estévez, L. E. (2017). Analysis of the components of a cognitive-behavioral intervention administered via conference call for preventing depression among non-professional caregivers: A pilot study. Aging Ment Health, 21(9), 938-946."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2020",
          "ref": "Vázquez FL, López L, Torres Á J, et al. Analysis of the Components of a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for the prevention of Depression Administered via Conference Call to Nonprofessional Caregivers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(6)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez-Gonzalez, 2013",
          "ref": "Vázquez González FL, Otero Otero P, Torres Iglesias A, Hermida Garcìa E, Blanco Seoane V, Dìaz Fernández O. A brief problem-solving indicated-prevention intervention for prevention of depression in nonprofessional caregivers. Psicothema. 2013;25(1):87-92."
        }
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 395,
      "instr": "CES-D",
      "full": "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Control condition",
      "sgv": "Other",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 16,
      "k_es": 23,
      "sd": 9.849,
      "lo": 9.174,
      "hi": 10.573,
      "tau2": 0.0162,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 7.599,
      "phi": 12.763,
      "i2": 80.6,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Nobis, 2015",
          "ref": "Nobis S, Lehr D, Ebert DD, Baumeister H, Snoek F, Riper H, et al. Efficacy of a web-based intervention with mobile phone support in treating depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(5):776-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pibernik-Okanovic, 2015",
          "ref": "Pibernik-Okanović M, Hermanns N, Ajduković D, Kos J, Prašek M, Šekerija M, Lovrenčić MV. Does treatment of subsyndromal depression improve depression-related and diabetes-related outcomes? A randomised controlled comparison of psychoeducation, physical exercise and enhanced treatment as usual. Trials. 2015 Jul 15;16:305."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pot, 2010",
          "ref": "Pot AM, Bohlmeijer ET, Onrust S, Melenhorst A-S, Veerbeek M, De Vries W. The impact of life review on depression in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2010;22(4):572-81."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tobin, 2017",
          "ref": "Tobin, K., Davey-Rothwell, M. A., Nonyane, B. A. S., Knowlton, A., Wissow, L., & Latkin, C. A. (2017). RCT of an integrated CBT-HIV intervention on depressive symptoms and HIV risk."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Blanco, V., Hita, I., Torres, Á. J., Otero, P., Páramo, M., & Salmerón, M. (2023). Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(18)."
        },
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          "study": "Vázquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., et al. (2023). \"Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial.\" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12(18). "
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        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Kramer, 2014",
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          "study": "Nobis, 2015",
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        }
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        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Baumgartner, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumgartner, C., Schaub, M. P., Wenger, A., Malischnig, D., Augsburger, M., Lehr, D., . . . Haug, S. (2021). \"Take Care of You\" - Efficacy of integrated, minimal-guidance, internet-based self-help for reducing co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression symptoms in adults: Results of a three-arm randomized controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Depend, 225, 108806. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108806"
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2018",
          "ref": "Boele FW, Klein M, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for glioma patients with depressive symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of neuro-oncology 2018; 137(1): 191‐203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bohlmeijer, 2011",
          "ref": "Bohlmeijer ET, Fledderus M, Rokx TA, Pieterse ME. Efficacy of an early intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy for adults with depressive symptomatology: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy. 2011;49(1):62-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bower, 2021",
          "ref": "Bower, J. E., Partridge, A. H., Wolff, A. C., Thorner, E. D., Irwin, M. R., Joffe, H., Petersen, L., Crespi, C. M., & Ganz, P. A. (2021, Nov 1). Targeting Depressive Symptoms in Younger Breast Cancer Survivors: The Pathways to Wellness Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness Meditation and Survivorship Education. J Clin Oncol, 39(31), 3473-3484. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.21.00279"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chesney, 2003",
          "ref": "Chesney MA, Chambers DB, Taylor JM, Johnson LM, Folkman S. Coping effectiveness training for men living with HIV: Results from a randomized clinical trial testing a group-based intervention. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2003;65(6):1038-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2014",
          "ref": "Ebert, D. D., Lehr, D., Boß, L., Riper, H., Cuijpers, P., Andersson, G., . . . Berking, M. (2014). Efficacy of an internet-based problem-solving training for teachers: results of a randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 582-596. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2018",
          "ref": "Ebert DD, Buntrock C, Lehr D, et al. Effectiveness of Web- and Mobile-Based Treatment of Subthreshold Depression With Adherence-Focused Guidance: a Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior therapy 2018; 49(1): 71‐83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ede, 2020",
          "ref": "Ede MO, Igbo JN, Eseadi C, et al. Effect of group cognitive behavioural therapy on depressive symptoms in a sample of college adolescents in Nigeria. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. 2020;38(3):306-318."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fledderus, 2012",
          "ref": "Fledderus M, Bohlmeijer ET, Pieterse ME, Schreurs KM. Acceptance and commitment therapy as guided self-help for psychological distress and positive mental health: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(3):485-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gitlin, 2013",
          "ref": "Gitlin LN, Harris LF, McCoy MC, Chernett NL, Pizzi LT, Jutkowitz E, et al. A home-based intervention to reduce depressive symptoms and improve quality of life in older African Americans: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;159(4):243-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guo, 2020",
          "ref": "Guo Y, Hong YA, Cai W, et al. Effect of a WeChat-Based Intervention (Run4Love) on Depressive Symptoms Among People Living With HIV in China: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(2):e16715."
        },
        {
          "study": "Haringsma, 2006",
          "ref": "Haringsma R, Engels G, Cuijpers P, Spinhoven P. Effectiveness of the Coping With Depression (CWD) course for older adults provided by the community-based mental health care system in the Netherlands: A randomized controlled field trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2006;18(02):307-25."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kenter, 2016",
          "ref": "Kenter, R. M. F., Cuijpers, P., Beekman, A., & van Straten, A. (2016). Effectiveness of a Web-based guided self-help intervention for outpatients with a depressive disorder: Short-term results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(3)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Korte, 2012",
          "ref": "Korte J, Bohlmeijer ET, Cappeliez P, Smit F, Westerhof GJ. Life review therapy for older adults with moderate depressive symptomatology: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(6):1163-73."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2014",
          "ref": "Kramer, J., Conijn, B., Oijevaar, P., & Riper, H. (2014). Effectiveness of a web-based solution-focused brief chat treatment for depressed adolescents and young adults: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res, 16(5), e141. doi:10.2196/jmir.3261"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2021",
          "ref": "Krämer, L. V., Grünzig, S. D., Baumeister, H., Ebert, D. D., & Bengel, J. (2021). Effectiveness of a Guided Web-Based Intervention to Reduce Depressive Symptoms before Outpatient Psychotherapy: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 90(4), 233-242. https://doi.org/10.1159/000515625"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lamers, 2015",
          "ref": "Lamers SMA, Bohlmeijer ET, Korte J, Westerhof GJ. The efficacy of life-review as online-guided self-help for adults: A randomized trial. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 2015; 70B(1): 24-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lintvedt, 2013",
          "ref": "Lintvedt OK, Griffiths KM, Sorensen K, ÿstvik AR, Wang CE, Eisemann M, et al. Evaluating the effectiveness and efficacy of unguided internet-based self-help intervention for the prevention of depression: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2013;20(1):10-27."
        },
        {
          "study": "McCusker, 2021",
          "ref": "McCusker, J., Jones, J. M., Li, M., Faria, R., Yaffe, M. J., Lambert, S. D., Ciampi, A., Belzile, E., & de Raad, M. (2021). CanDirect: Effectiveness of a Telephone-Supported Depression Self-Care Intervention for Cancer Survivors. J Clin Oncol, 39(10), 1150-1161. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.20.01802"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pachankis, 2020",
          "ref": "Pachankis JE, McConocha EM, Clark KA, Wang K, Behari K, Fetzner BK, et al. A transdiagnostic minority stress intervention for gender diverse sexual minority women's depression, anxiety, and unhealthy alcohol use: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 2020;88(7):613-30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pots, 2014",
          "ref": "Pots WTM, Meulenbeek PAM, Veehof MM, Klungers J, Bohlmeijer ET. The efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a public mental health intervention for adults with mild to moderate depressive symptomatology: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2014;9(10)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pots, 2016",
          "ref": "Pots WT, Fledderus M, Meulenbeek PA, ten Klooster PM, Schreurs KM, Bohlmeijer ET. Acceptance and commitment therapy as a web-based intervention for depressive symptoms: Randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2016;208(1):69-77."
        },
        {
          "study": "Roepke, 2015",
          "ref": "Roepke AM, Jaffee SR, Riffle OM, McGonigal J, Broome R, Maxwell B. Randomized controlled trial of SuperBetter, a smartphone-based/internet-based self-help tool to reduce depressive symptoms. Games for Health 2015-4(3): 235-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schlicker, 2020",
          "ref": "Schlicker S, Baumeister H, Buntrock C, et al. A web- And mobile-based intervention for comorbid, recurrent depression in patients with chronic back pain on sick leave (get.back): Pilot randomized controlled trial on feasibility, user satisfaction, and effectiveness. JMIR Mental Health. 2020;7(4)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schuster, 2017",
          "ref": "Schuster, R., Leitner, I., Carlbring, P., & Laireiter, A.-R. (2017). Exploring blended group interventions for depression: randomised controlled feasibility study of a blended computer- and multimedia-supported psychoeducational group intervention for adults with depressive symptoms. Internet Interventions, 8, 63-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Unlu-Ince, 2013",
          "ref": "Unlu Ince B, Cuijpers P, t Hof E, Ballegooijen W, Christensen H, Riper H. Internet-based, culturally sensitive, problem-solving therapy for Turkish migrants with depression: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2013;15(10):e227."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
          "ref": "van Luenen, S., Garnefski, N., Spinhoven, P., & Kraaij, V. (2018). Guided internet-based intervention for people with HIV and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial in the Netherlands. The lancet HIV, 5(9), e488-e497."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker, 2014",
          "ref": "Walker JV, Lampropoulos GK. A comparison of self-help (homework) activities for mood enhancement: Results from a brief randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration. 2014;24(1):46-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Warmerdam, 2008",
          "ref": "Warmerdam L, Straten A, Twisk J, Riper H, Cuijpers P. Internet-based treatment for adults with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2008;10(4):e44."
        },
        {
          "study": "Westerhof, 2019",
          "ref": "Westerhof, G. J., Lamers, S. M. A., Postel, M. G., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2019). Online Therapy for Depressive Symptoms: An Evaluation of Counselor-Led and Peer-Supported Life Review Therapy. The Gerontologist, 59(1), 135-146. doi:10.1093/geront/gnx140"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wuthrich, 2013",
          "ref": "Wuthrich VM, Rapee RM. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behavioural therapy for comorbid anxiety and depression in older adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2013;51(12):779-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "van der Zanden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Zanden, R., Kramer, J., Gerrits, R., & Cuijpers, P. (2012). Effectiveness of an online group course for depression in adolescents and young adults: a randomized trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 14(3), e86."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 398,
      "instr": "CES-D",
      "full": "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Control condition",
      "sgv": "Waitlist",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 68,
      "k_es": 95,
      "sd": 9.193,
      "lo": 8.22,
      "hi": 10.281,
      "tau2": 0.1993,
      "tau2w": 0.011,
      "plo": 3.717,
      "phi": 22.739,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afonso, 2009",
          "ref": "Afonso, R., & Bueno, B. (2009). Efectos de un programa de reminiscencia sobre la sintomatología depresiva en una muestra de población mayor portuguesa. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 44(6), 317-322."
        },
        {
          "study": "Baumgartner, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumgartner, C., Schaub, M. P., Wenger, A., Malischnig, D., Augsburger, M., Lehr, D., . . . Haug, S. (2021). \"Take Care of You\" - Efficacy of integrated, minimal-guidance, internet-based self-help for reducing co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression symptoms in adults: Results of a three-arm randomized controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Depend, 225, 108806. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108806"
        },
        {
          "study": "Beeber, 2010",
          "ref": "Beeber LS, Holditch-Davis D, Perreira K, Schwartz TA, Lewis V, Blanchard H, et al. Short-term in-home intervention reduces depressive symptoms in Early Head Start Latina mothers of infants and toddlers. Research in Nursing and Health. 2010;33(1):60-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2023",
          "ref": "Blanco V, Otero P, Vázquez FL. A pilot study for a smartphone app for the prevention of depression in non-professional caregivers. Aging Ment Health. 2023 Jan;27(1):166-175. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2056878. Epub 2022 Mar 30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2018",
          "ref": "Boele FW, Klein M, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for glioma patients with depressive symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of neuro-oncology 2018; 137(1): 191‐203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2021",
          "ref": "Boele, F. W., et al. (2021). \"The effects of SmartCare© on neuro-oncology family caregivers’ distress: a randomized controlled trial.\" Supportive Care in Cancer."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bohlmeijer, 2011",
          "ref": "Bohlmeijer ET, Fledderus M, Rokx TA, Pieterse ME. Efficacy of an early intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy for adults with depressive symptomatology: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy. 2011;49(1):62-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bower, 2021",
          "ref": "Bower, J. E., Partridge, A. H., Wolff, A. C., Thorner, E. D., Irwin, M. R., Joffe, H., Petersen, L., Crespi, C. M., & Ganz, P. A. (2021, Nov 1). Targeting Depressive Symptoms in Younger Breast Cancer Survivors: The Pathways to Wellness Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness Meditation and Survivorship Education. J Clin Oncol, 39(31), 3473-3484. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.21.00279"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
        {
          "study": "Buntrock, 2015",
          "ref": "Buntrock C, Ebert D, Lehr D, Riper H, Smit F, Cuijpers P, et al. Effectiveness of a web-based cognitive behavioural intervention for subthreshold depression: Pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(6):348-58."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chesney, 2003",
          "ref": "Chesney MA, Chambers DB, Taylor JM, Johnson LM, Folkman S. Coping effectiveness training for men living with HIV: Results from a randomized clinical trial testing a group-based intervention. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2003;65(6):1038-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2014",
          "ref": "Ebert, D. D., Lehr, D., Boß, L., Riper, H., Cuijpers, P., Andersson, G., . . . Berking, M. (2014). Efficacy of an internet-based problem-solving training for teachers: results of a randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 582-596. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2018",
          "ref": "Ebert DD, Buntrock C, Lehr D, et al. Effectiveness of Web- and Mobile-Based Treatment of Subthreshold Depression With Adherence-Focused Guidance: a Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior therapy 2018; 49(1): 71‐83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ede, 2020",
          "ref": "Ede MO, Igbo JN, Eseadi C, et al. Effect of group cognitive behavioural therapy on depressive symptoms in a sample of college adolescents in Nigeria. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. 2020;38(3):306-318."
        },
        {
          "study": "Farrer, 2011",
          "ref": "Farrer L, Christensen H, Griffiths KM, Mackinnon A. Internet-based CBT for depression with and without telephone tracking in a national helpline: Randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e28099."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fledderus, 2012",
          "ref": "Fledderus M, Bohlmeijer ET, Pieterse ME, Schreurs KM. Acceptance and commitment therapy as guided self-help for psychological distress and positive mental health: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(3):485-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Geraedts, 2014",
          "ref": "Geraedts AS, Kleiboer AM, Wiezer NM, van Mechelen W, Cuijpers P. Short-term effects of a web-based guided self-help intervention for employees with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2014;16(5):e121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gitlin, 2013",
          "ref": "Gitlin LN, Harris LF, McCoy MC, Chernett NL, Pizzi LT, Jutkowitz E, et al. A home-based intervention to reduce depressive symptoms and improve quality of life in older African Americans: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;159(4):243-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guo, 2020",
          "ref": "Guo Y, Hong YA, Cai W, et al. Effect of a WeChat-Based Intervention (Run4Love) on Depressive Symptoms Among People Living With HIV in China: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(2):e16715."
        },
        {
          "study": "Haringsma, 2006",
          "ref": "Haringsma R, Engels G, Cuijpers P, Spinhoven P. Effectiveness of the Coping With Depression (CWD) course for older adults provided by the community-based mental health care system in the Netherlands: A randomized controlled field trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2006;18(02):307-25."
        },
        {
          "study": "Harrer, 2021",
          "ref": "Harrer, M., Apolinário-Hagen, J., Fritsche, L., Salewski, C., Zarski, A. C., Lehr, D., Baumeister, H., Cuijpers, P., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effect of an internet- and app-based stress intervention compared to online psychoeducation in university students with depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Internet Interventions, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100374"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heller, 2020",
          "ref": "Heller HM, Hoogendoorn AW, Honig A, Broekman BFP, van Straten A. The Effectiveness of a Guided Internet-Based Tool for the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety in Pregnancy (MamaKits Online): Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(3):e15172."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hermanns, 2015",
          "ref": "Hermanns N, Schmitt A, Gahr A, Herder C, Nowotny B, Roden M, et al. The effect of a diabetes-specific cognitive behavioral treatment program (DIAMOS) for patients with diabetes and subclinical depression: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(4):551-60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2016",
          "ref": "Huang, C.-Y., Lai, H.-L., Chen, C.-I., Lu, Y.-C., Li, S.-C., Wang, L.-W., & Su, Y. (2016). Effects of motivational enhancement therapy plus cognitive behaviour therapy on depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life in adults with type II diabetes mellitus: A randomised controlled trial. Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care & Rehabilitation, 25(5), 1275-1283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Joling, 2011",
          "ref": "Joling KJ, Hout HP, van't Veer-Tazelaar PJ, Horst HE, Cuijpers P, Ven PM, et al. How effective is bibliotherapy for very old adults with subthreshold depression? A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2011;19(3):256-65."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kelly, 1993",
          "ref": "Kelly JA, Murphy DA, Bahr GR, Kalichman SC, Morgan MG, Stevenson LY, et al. Outcome of cognitive-behavioral and support group brief therapies for depressed, HIV-infected persons. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1993;150(11):1679-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kenter, 2016",
          "ref": "Kenter, R. M. F., Cuijpers, P., Beekman, A., & van Straten, A. (2016). Effectiveness of a Web-based guided self-help intervention for outpatients with a depressive disorder: Short-term results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(3)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Korte, 2012",
          "ref": "Korte J, Bohlmeijer ET, Cappeliez P, Smit F, Westerhof GJ. Life review therapy for older adults with moderate depressive symptomatology: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(6):1163-73."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2014",
          "ref": "Kramer, J., Conijn, B., Oijevaar, P., & Riper, H. (2014). Effectiveness of a web-based solution-focused brief chat treatment for depressed adolescents and young adults: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res, 16(5), e141. doi:10.2196/jmir.3261"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2021",
          "ref": "Krämer, L. V., Grünzig, S. D., Baumeister, H., Ebert, D. D., & Bengel, J. (2021). Effectiveness of a Guided Web-Based Intervention to Reduce Depressive Symptoms before Outpatient Psychotherapy: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 90(4), 233-242. https://doi.org/10.1159/000515625"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lamers, 2015",
          "ref": "Lamers SMA, Bohlmeijer ET, Korte J, Westerhof GJ. The efficacy of life-review as online-guided self-help for adults: A randomized trial. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 2015; 70B(1): 24-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee, 2021",
          "ref": "Lee, E., Han, Y., Cha, Y. J., Oh, J. H., Hwang, N. R., Seo, H. J., & Choi, K. H. (2021). Community-Based Multi-Site Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation for Patients with Depressive Disorders [Article in Press]. Community mental health journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-021-00828-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Levin, 2011",
          "ref": "Levin W, Campbell DR, McGovern KB, Gau JM, Kosty DB, Seeley JR, et al. A computer-assisted depression intervention in primary care. Psychological Medicine. 2011;41(7):1373-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lintvedt, 2013",
          "ref": "Lintvedt OK, Griffiths KM, Sorensen K, ÿstvik AR, Wang CE, Eisemann M, et al. Evaluating the effectiveness and efficacy of unguided internet-based self-help intervention for the prevention of depression: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2013;20(1):10-27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Losada, 2015",
          "ref": "Losada A, Márquez-González M, Romero-Moreno R, Mausbach BT, López J, Fernández-Fernández V, et al. Cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for dementia family caregivers with significant depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(4):760-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "McCusker, 2021",
          "ref": "McCusker, J., Jones, J. M., Li, M., Faria, R., Yaffe, M. J., Lambert, S. D., Ciampi, A., Belzile, E., & de Raad, M. (2021). CanDirect: Effectiveness of a Telephone-Supported Depression Self-Care Intervention for Cancer Survivors. J Clin Oncol, 39(10), 1150-1161. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.20.01802"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennen, 2021",
          "ref": "Mennen, F. E., Palmer Molina, A., Monro, W. L., Duan, L., Stuart, S., & Sosna, T. (2021). Effectiveness of an Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) Group Depression Treatment for Head Start Mothers: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. J Affect Disord, 280(Pt B), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.074"
        },
        {
          "study": "Moskowitz, 2021",
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        },
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        },
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        }
      ]
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Guo, 2020",
          "ref": "Guo Y, Hong YA, Cai W, et al. Effect of a WeChat-Based Intervention (Run4Love) on Depressive Symptoms Among People Living With HIV in China: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(2):e16715."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2016",
          "ref": "Huang, C.-Y., Lai, H.-L., Chen, C.-I., Lu, Y.-C., Li, S.-C., Wang, L.-W., & Su, Y. (2016). Effects of motivational enhancement therapy plus cognitive behaviour therapy on depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life in adults with type II diabetes mellitus: A randomised controlled trial. Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care & Rehabilitation, 25(5), 1275-1283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee, 2021",
          "ref": "Lee, E., Han, Y., Cha, Y. J., Oh, J. H., Hwang, N. R., Seo, H. J., & Choi, K. H. (2021). Community-Based Multi-Site Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation for Patients with Depressive Disorders [Article in Press]. Community mental health journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-021-00828-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
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        {
          "study": "Moskowitz, 2021",
          "ref": "Moskowitz, J. T., Addington, E. L., Shiu, E., Bassett, S. M., Schuette, S., Kwok, I., Freedman, M. E., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., Cohn, M. A., & Cheung, E. O. Facilitator Contact, Discussion Boards, and Virtual Badges as Adherence Enhancements to a Web-Based, Self-guided, Positive Psychological Intervention for Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 23(9), e25922."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nobis, 2015",
          "ref": "Nobis S, Lehr D, Ebert DD, Baumeister H, Snoek F, Riper H, et al. Efficacy of a web-based intervention with mobile phone support in treating depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(5):776-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pachankis, 2020",
          "ref": "Pachankis JE, McConocha EM, Clark KA, Wang K, Behari K, Fetzner BK, et al. A transdiagnostic minority stress intervention for gender diverse sexual minority women's depression, anxiety, and unhealthy alcohol use: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 2020;88(7):613-30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Penckofer, 2012",
          "ref": "Penckofer SM, Ferrans C, Mumby P, Byrn M, Emanuele MA, Harrison PR, et al. A psychoeducational intervention (SWEEP) for depressed women with diabetes. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2012;44(2):192-206."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pibernik-Okanovic, 2015",
          "ref": "Pibernik-Okanović M, Hermanns N, Ajduković D, Kos J, Prašek M, Šekerija M, Lovrenčić MV. Does treatment of subsyndromal depression improve depression-related and diabetes-related outcomes? A randomised controlled comparison of psychoeducation, physical exercise and enhanced treatment as usual. Trials. 2015 Jul 15;16:305."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pot, 2010",
          "ref": "Pot AM, Bohlmeijer ET, Onrust S, Melenhorst A-S, Veerbeek M, De Vries W. The impact of life review on depression in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2010;22(4):572-81."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pots, 2014",
          "ref": "Pots WTM, Meulenbeek PAM, Veehof MM, Klungers J, Bohlmeijer ET. The efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a public mental health intervention for adults with mild to moderate depressive symptomatology: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2014;9(10)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pots, 2016",
          "ref": "Pots WT, Fledderus M, Meulenbeek PA, ten Klooster PM, Schreurs KM, Bohlmeijer ET. Acceptance and commitment therapy as a web-based intervention for depressive symptoms: Randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2016;208(1):69-77."
        },
        {
          "study": "Roepke, 2015",
          "ref": "Roepke AM, Jaffee SR, Riffle OM, McGonigal J, Broome R, Maxwell B. Randomized controlled trial of SuperBetter, a smartphone-based/internet-based self-help tool to reduce depressive symptoms. Games for Health 2015-4(3): 235-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2016",
          "ref": "Safren SA, Bedoya CA, O'Cleirigh C, Biello KB, Pinkston MM, Stein MD, et al. Cognitive behavioural therapy for adherence and depression in patients with HIV: A three-arm randomised controlled trial. The Lancet HIV. 2016;3(11):e529-e38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2021",
          "ref": "Safren, S. A., O'Cleirigh, C., Andersen, L. S., Magidson, J. F., Lee, J. S., Bainter, S. A., . . . Joska, J. A. (2021). Treating depression and improving adherence in HIV care with task-shared cognitive behavioural therapy in Khayelitsha, South Africa: a randomized controlled trial. J Int AIDS Soc, 24(10), e25823. doi:10.1002/jia2.25823"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schlicker, 2020",
          "ref": "Schlicker S, Baumeister H, Buntrock C, et al. A web- And mobile-based intervention for comorbid, recurrent depression in patients with chronic back pain on sick leave (get.back): Pilot randomized controlled trial on feasibility, user satisfaction, and effectiveness. JMIR Mental Health. 2020;7(4)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schuster, 2017",
          "ref": "Schuster, R., Leitner, I., Carlbring, P., & Laireiter, A.-R. (2017). Exploring blended group interventions for depression: randomised controlled feasibility study of a blended computer- and multimedia-supported psychoeducational group intervention for adults with depressive symptoms. Internet Interventions, 8, 63-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Serrano, 2004",
          "ref": "Serrano JP, Latorre JM, Gatz M, Montanes J. Life review therapy using autobiographical retrieval practice for older adults with depressive symptomatology. Psychology and Aging. 2004;19(2):270-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tobin, 2017",
          "ref": "Tobin, K., Davey-Rothwell, M. A., Nonyane, B. A. S., Knowlton, A., Wissow, L., & Latkin, C. A. (2017). RCT of an integrated CBT-HIV intervention on depressive symptoms and HIV risk."
        },
        {
          "study": "Unlu-Ince, 2013",
          "ref": "Unlu Ince B, Cuijpers P, t Hof E, Ballegooijen W, Christensen H, Riper H. Internet-based, culturally sensitive, problem-solving therapy for Turkish migrants with depression: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2013;15(10):e227."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
          "ref": "van Luenen, S., Garnefski, N., Spinhoven, P., & Kraaij, V. (2018). Guided internet-based intervention for people with HIV and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial in the Netherlands. The lancet HIV, 5(9), e488-e497."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2017",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Torres, Á., Otero, P., Blanco, V., Díaz, O., & Estévez, L. E. (2017). Analysis of the components of a cognitive-behavioral intervention administered via conference call for preventing depression among non-professional caregivers: A pilot study. Aging Ment Health, 21(9), 938-946."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2020",
          "ref": "Vázquez FL, López L, Torres Á J, et al. Analysis of the Components of a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for the prevention of Depression Administered via Conference Call to Nonprofessional Caregivers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(6)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Blanco, V., Hita, I., Torres, Á. J., Otero, P., Páramo, M., & Salmerón, M. (2023). Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(18)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez-Gonzalez, 2013",
          "ref": "Vázquez González FL, Otero Otero P, Torres Iglesias A, Hermida Garcìa E, Blanco Seoane V, Dìaz Fernández O. A brief problem-solving indicated-prevention intervention for prevention of depression in nonprofessional caregivers. Psicothema. 2013;25(1):87-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vázquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., et al. (2023). \"Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial.\" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12(18). "
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker, 2014",
          "ref": "Walker JV, Lampropoulos GK. A comparison of self-help (homework) activities for mood enhancement: Results from a brief randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration. 2014;24(1):46-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Warmerdam, 2008",
          "ref": "Warmerdam L, Straten A, Twisk J, Riper H, Cuijpers P. Internet-based treatment for adults with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2008;10(4):e44."
        },
        {
          "study": "Westerhof, 2019",
          "ref": "Westerhof, G. J., Lamers, S. M. A., Postel, M. G., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2019). Online Therapy for Depressive Symptoms: An Evaluation of Counselor-Led and Peer-Supported Life Review Therapy. The Gerontologist, 59(1), 135-146. doi:10.1093/geront/gnx140"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wuthrich, 2013",
          "ref": "Wuthrich VM, Rapee RM. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behavioural therapy for comorbid anxiety and depression in older adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2013;51(12):779-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "van der Zanden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Zanden, R., Kramer, J., Gerrits, R., & Cuijpers, P. (2012). Effectiveness of an online group course for depression in adolescents and young adults: a randomized trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 14(3), e86."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 401,
      "instr": "CES-D",
      "full": "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "Europe",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 41,
      "k_es": 52,
      "sd": 8.853,
      "lo": 8.258,
      "hi": 9.492,
      "tau2": 0.0476,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 5.741,
      "phi": 13.652,
      "i2": 94.1,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afonso, 2009",
          "ref": "Afonso, R., & Bueno, B. (2009). Efectos de un programa de reminiscencia sobre la sintomatología depresiva en una muestra de población mayor portuguesa. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 44(6), 317-322."
        },
        {
          "study": "Baumgartner, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumgartner, C., Schaub, M. P., Wenger, A., Malischnig, D., Augsburger, M., Lehr, D., . . . Haug, S. (2021). \"Take Care of You\" - Efficacy of integrated, minimal-guidance, internet-based self-help for reducing co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression symptoms in adults: Results of a three-arm randomized controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Depend, 225, 108806. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108806"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2023",
          "ref": "Blanco V, Otero P, Vázquez FL. A pilot study for a smartphone app for the prevention of depression in non-professional caregivers. Aging Ment Health. 2023 Jan;27(1):166-175. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2056878. Epub 2022 Mar 30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2018",
          "ref": "Boele FW, Klein M, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for glioma patients with depressive symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of neuro-oncology 2018; 137(1): 191‐203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bohlmeijer, 2011",
          "ref": "Bohlmeijer ET, Fledderus M, Rokx TA, Pieterse ME. Efficacy of an early intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy for adults with depressive symptomatology: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy. 2011;49(1):62-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Buntrock, 2015",
          "ref": "Buntrock C, Ebert D, Lehr D, Riper H, Smit F, Cuijpers P, et al. Effectiveness of a web-based cognitive behavioural intervention for subthreshold depression: Pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(6):348-58."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2014",
          "ref": "Ebert, D. D., Lehr, D., Boß, L., Riper, H., Cuijpers, P., Andersson, G., . . . Berking, M. (2014). Efficacy of an internet-based problem-solving training for teachers: results of a randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 582-596. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2018",
          "ref": "Ebert DD, Buntrock C, Lehr D, et al. Effectiveness of Web- and Mobile-Based Treatment of Subthreshold Depression With Adherence-Focused Guidance: a Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior therapy 2018; 49(1): 71‐83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fledderus, 2012",
          "ref": "Fledderus M, Bohlmeijer ET, Pieterse ME, Schreurs KM. Acceptance and commitment therapy as guided self-help for psychological distress and positive mental health: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(3):485-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Geraedts, 2014",
          "ref": "Geraedts AS, Kleiboer AM, Wiezer NM, van Mechelen W, Cuijpers P. Short-term effects of a web-based guided self-help intervention for employees with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2014;16(5):e121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Haringsma, 2006",
          "ref": "Haringsma R, Engels G, Cuijpers P, Spinhoven P. Effectiveness of the Coping With Depression (CWD) course for older adults provided by the community-based mental health care system in the Netherlands: A randomized controlled field trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2006;18(02):307-25."
        },
        {
          "study": "Harrer, 2021",
          "ref": "Harrer, M., Apolinário-Hagen, J., Fritsche, L., Salewski, C., Zarski, A. C., Lehr, D., Baumeister, H., Cuijpers, P., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effect of an internet- and app-based stress intervention compared to online psychoeducation in university students with depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Internet Interventions, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100374"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heller, 2020",
          "ref": "Heller HM, Hoogendoorn AW, Honig A, Broekman BFP, van Straten A. The Effectiveness of a Guided Internet-Based Tool for the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety in Pregnancy (MamaKits Online): Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(3):e15172."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hermanns, 2015",
          "ref": "Hermanns N, Schmitt A, Gahr A, Herder C, Nowotny B, Roden M, et al. The effect of a diabetes-specific cognitive behavioral treatment program (DIAMOS) for patients with diabetes and subclinical depression: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(4):551-60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Joling, 2011",
          "ref": "Joling KJ, Hout HP, van't Veer-Tazelaar PJ, Horst HE, Cuijpers P, Ven PM, et al. How effective is bibliotherapy for very old adults with subthreshold depression? A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2011;19(3):256-65."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kenter, 2016",
          "ref": "Kenter, R. M. F., Cuijpers, P., Beekman, A., & van Straten, A. (2016). Effectiveness of a Web-based guided self-help intervention for outpatients with a depressive disorder: Short-term results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(3)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Korte, 2012",
          "ref": "Korte J, Bohlmeijer ET, Cappeliez P, Smit F, Westerhof GJ. Life review therapy for older adults with moderate depressive symptomatology: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(6):1163-73."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2014",
          "ref": "Kramer, J., Conijn, B., Oijevaar, P., & Riper, H. (2014). Effectiveness of a web-based solution-focused brief chat treatment for depressed adolescents and young adults: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res, 16(5), e141. doi:10.2196/jmir.3261"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2021",
          "ref": "Krämer, L. V., Grünzig, S. D., Baumeister, H., Ebert, D. D., & Bengel, J. (2021). Effectiveness of a Guided Web-Based Intervention to Reduce Depressive Symptoms before Outpatient Psychotherapy: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 90(4), 233-242. https://doi.org/10.1159/000515625"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lamers, 2015",
          "ref": "Lamers SMA, Bohlmeijer ET, Korte J, Westerhof GJ. The efficacy of life-review as online-guided self-help for adults: A randomized trial. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 2015; 70B(1): 24-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lintvedt, 2013",
          "ref": "Lintvedt OK, Griffiths KM, Sorensen K, ÿstvik AR, Wang CE, Eisemann M, et al. Evaluating the effectiveness and efficacy of unguided internet-based self-help intervention for the prevention of depression: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2013;20(1):10-27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Losada, 2015",
          "ref": "Losada A, Márquez-González M, Romero-Moreno R, Mausbach BT, López J, Fernández-Fernández V, et al. Cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for dementia family caregivers with significant depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(4):760-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nobis, 2015",
          "ref": "Nobis S, Lehr D, Ebert DD, Baumeister H, Snoek F, Riper H, et al. Efficacy of a web-based intervention with mobile phone support in treating depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(5):776-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pibernik-Okanovic, 2015",
          "ref": "Pibernik-Okanović M, Hermanns N, Ajduković D, Kos J, Prašek M, Šekerija M, Lovrenčić MV. Does treatment of subsyndromal depression improve depression-related and diabetes-related outcomes? A randomised controlled comparison of psychoeducation, physical exercise and enhanced treatment as usual. Trials. 2015 Jul 15;16:305."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pot, 2010",
          "ref": "Pot AM, Bohlmeijer ET, Onrust S, Melenhorst A-S, Veerbeek M, De Vries W. The impact of life review on depression in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2010;22(4):572-81."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pots, 2014",
          "ref": "Pots WTM, Meulenbeek PAM, Veehof MM, Klungers J, Bohlmeijer ET. The efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a public mental health intervention for adults with mild to moderate depressive symptomatology: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2014;9(10)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pots, 2016",
          "ref": "Pots WT, Fledderus M, Meulenbeek PA, ten Klooster PM, Schreurs KM, Bohlmeijer ET. Acceptance and commitment therapy as a web-based intervention for depressive symptoms: Randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2016;208(1):69-77."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schlicker, 2020",
          "ref": "Schlicker S, Baumeister H, Buntrock C, et al. A web- And mobile-based intervention for comorbid, recurrent depression in patients with chronic back pain on sick leave (get.back): Pilot randomized controlled trial on feasibility, user satisfaction, and effectiveness. JMIR Mental Health. 2020;7(4)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schuster, 2017",
          "ref": "Schuster, R., Leitner, I., Carlbring, P., & Laireiter, A.-R. (2017). Exploring blended group interventions for depression: randomised controlled feasibility study of a blended computer- and multimedia-supported psychoeducational group intervention for adults with depressive symptoms. Internet Interventions, 8, 63-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Serrano, 2004",
          "ref": "Serrano JP, Latorre JM, Gatz M, Montanes J. Life review therapy using autobiographical retrieval practice for older adults with depressive symptomatology. Psychology and Aging. 2004;19(2):270-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Unlu-Ince, 2013",
          "ref": "Unlu Ince B, Cuijpers P, t Hof E, Ballegooijen W, Christensen H, Riper H. Internet-based, culturally sensitive, problem-solving therapy for Turkish migrants with depression: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2013;15(10):e227."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
          "ref": "van Luenen, S., Garnefski, N., Spinhoven, P., & Kraaij, V. (2018). Guided internet-based intervention for people with HIV and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial in the Netherlands. The lancet HIV, 5(9), e488-e497."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2017",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Torres, Á., Otero, P., Blanco, V., Díaz, O., & Estévez, L. E. (2017). Analysis of the components of a cognitive-behavioral intervention administered via conference call for preventing depression among non-professional caregivers: A pilot study. Aging Ment Health, 21(9), 938-946."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2020",
          "ref": "Vázquez FL, López L, Torres Á J, et al. Analysis of the Components of a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for the prevention of Depression Administered via Conference Call to Nonprofessional Caregivers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(6)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Blanco, V., Hita, I., Torres, Á. J., Otero, P., Páramo, M., & Salmerón, M. (2023). Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(18)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez-Gonzalez, 2013",
          "ref": "Vázquez González FL, Otero Otero P, Torres Iglesias A, Hermida Garcìa E, Blanco Seoane V, Dìaz Fernández O. A brief problem-solving indicated-prevention intervention for prevention of depression in nonprofessional caregivers. Psicothema. 2013;25(1):87-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vázquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., et al. (2023). \"Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial.\" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12(18). "
        },
        {
          "study": "Warmerdam, 2008",
          "ref": "Warmerdam L, Straten A, Twisk J, Riper H, Cuijpers P. Internet-based treatment for adults with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2008;10(4):e44."
        },
        {
          "study": "Westerhof, 2019",
          "ref": "Westerhof, G. J., Lamers, S. M. A., Postel, M. G., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2019). Online Therapy for Depressive Symptoms: An Evaluation of Counselor-Led and Peer-Supported Life Review Therapy. The Gerontologist, 59(1), 135-146. doi:10.1093/geront/gnx140"
        },
        {
          "study": "van der Zanden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Zanden, R., Kramer, J., Gerrits, R., & Cuijpers, P. (2012). Effectiveness of an online group course for depression in adolescents and young adults: a randomized trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 14(3), e86."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 402,
      "instr": "CES-D",
      "full": "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "Europe",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 68,
      "k_es": 95,
      "sd": 9.193,
      "lo": 8.22,
      "hi": 10.281,
      "tau2": 0.1993,
      "tau2w": 0.011,
      "plo": 3.717,
      "phi": 22.739,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afonso, 2009",
          "ref": "Afonso, R., & Bueno, B. (2009). Efectos de un programa de reminiscencia sobre la sintomatología depresiva en una muestra de población mayor portuguesa. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 44(6), 317-322."
        },
        {
          "study": "Baumgartner, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumgartner, C., Schaub, M. P., Wenger, A., Malischnig, D., Augsburger, M., Lehr, D., . . . Haug, S. (2021). \"Take Care of You\" - Efficacy of integrated, minimal-guidance, internet-based self-help for reducing co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression symptoms in adults: Results of a three-arm randomized controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Depend, 225, 108806. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108806"
        },
        {
          "study": "Beeber, 2010",
          "ref": "Beeber LS, Holditch-Davis D, Perreira K, Schwartz TA, Lewis V, Blanchard H, et al. Short-term in-home intervention reduces depressive symptoms in Early Head Start Latina mothers of infants and toddlers. Research in Nursing and Health. 2010;33(1):60-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2023",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2018",
          "ref": "Boele FW, Klein M, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for glioma patients with depressive symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of neuro-oncology 2018; 137(1): 191‐203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2021",
          "ref": "Boele, F. W., et al. (2021). \"The effects of SmartCare© on neuro-oncology family caregivers’ distress: a randomized controlled trial.\" Supportive Care in Cancer."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bohlmeijer, 2011",
          "ref": "Bohlmeijer ET, Fledderus M, Rokx TA, Pieterse ME. Efficacy of an early intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy for adults with depressive symptomatology: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy. 2011;49(1):62-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bower, 2021",
          "ref": "Bower, J. E., Partridge, A. H., Wolff, A. C., Thorner, E. D., Irwin, M. R., Joffe, H., Petersen, L., Crespi, C. M., & Ganz, P. A. (2021, Nov 1). Targeting Depressive Symptoms in Younger Breast Cancer Survivors: The Pathways to Wellness Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness Meditation and Survivorship Education. J Clin Oncol, 39(31), 3473-3484. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.21.00279"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
        {
          "study": "Buntrock, 2015",
          "ref": "Buntrock C, Ebert D, Lehr D, Riper H, Smit F, Cuijpers P, et al. Effectiveness of a web-based cognitive behavioural intervention for subthreshold depression: Pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(6):348-58."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chesney, 2003",
          "ref": "Chesney MA, Chambers DB, Taylor JM, Johnson LM, Folkman S. Coping effectiveness training for men living with HIV: Results from a randomized clinical trial testing a group-based intervention. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2003;65(6):1038-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2014",
          "ref": "Ebert, D. D., Lehr, D., Boß, L., Riper, H., Cuijpers, P., Andersson, G., . . . Berking, M. (2014). Efficacy of an internet-based problem-solving training for teachers: results of a randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 582-596. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2018",
          "ref": "Ebert DD, Buntrock C, Lehr D, et al. Effectiveness of Web- and Mobile-Based Treatment of Subthreshold Depression With Adherence-Focused Guidance: a Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior therapy 2018; 49(1): 71‐83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ede, 2020",
          "ref": "Ede MO, Igbo JN, Eseadi C, et al. Effect of group cognitive behavioural therapy on depressive symptoms in a sample of college adolescents in Nigeria. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. 2020;38(3):306-318."
        },
        {
          "study": "Farrer, 2011",
          "ref": "Farrer L, Christensen H, Griffiths KM, Mackinnon A. Internet-based CBT for depression with and without telephone tracking in a national helpline: Randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e28099."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fledderus, 2012",
          "ref": "Fledderus M, Bohlmeijer ET, Pieterse ME, Schreurs KM. Acceptance and commitment therapy as guided self-help for psychological distress and positive mental health: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(3):485-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Geraedts, 2014",
          "ref": "Geraedts AS, Kleiboer AM, Wiezer NM, van Mechelen W, Cuijpers P. Short-term effects of a web-based guided self-help intervention for employees with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2014;16(5):e121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gitlin, 2013",
          "ref": "Gitlin LN, Harris LF, McCoy MC, Chernett NL, Pizzi LT, Jutkowitz E, et al. A home-based intervention to reduce depressive symptoms and improve quality of life in older African Americans: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;159(4):243-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guo, 2020",
          "ref": "Guo Y, Hong YA, Cai W, et al. Effect of a WeChat-Based Intervention (Run4Love) on Depressive Symptoms Among People Living With HIV in China: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(2):e16715."
        },
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          "study": "Haringsma, 2006",
          "ref": "Haringsma R, Engels G, Cuijpers P, Spinhoven P. Effectiveness of the Coping With Depression (CWD) course for older adults provided by the community-based mental health care system in the Netherlands: A randomized controlled field trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2006;18(02):307-25."
        },
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          "study": "Harrer, 2021",
          "ref": "Harrer, M., Apolinário-Hagen, J., Fritsche, L., Salewski, C., Zarski, A. C., Lehr, D., Baumeister, H., Cuijpers, P., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effect of an internet- and app-based stress intervention compared to online psychoeducation in university students with depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Internet Interventions, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100374"
        },
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          "ref": "Heller HM, Hoogendoorn AW, Honig A, Broekman BFP, van Straten A. The Effectiveness of a Guided Internet-Based Tool for the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety in Pregnancy (MamaKits Online): Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(3):e15172."
        },
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          "study": "Hermanns, 2015",
          "ref": "Hermanns N, Schmitt A, Gahr A, Herder C, Nowotny B, Roden M, et al. The effect of a diabetes-specific cognitive behavioral treatment program (DIAMOS) for patients with diabetes and subclinical depression: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(4):551-60."
        },
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          "study": "Huang, 2016",
          "ref": "Huang, C.-Y., Lai, H.-L., Chen, C.-I., Lu, Y.-C., Li, S.-C., Wang, L.-W., & Su, Y. (2016). Effects of motivational enhancement therapy plus cognitive behaviour therapy on depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life in adults with type II diabetes mellitus: A randomised controlled trial. Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care & Rehabilitation, 25(5), 1275-1283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Joling, 2011",
          "ref": "Joling KJ, Hout HP, van't Veer-Tazelaar PJ, Horst HE, Cuijpers P, Ven PM, et al. How effective is bibliotherapy for very old adults with subthreshold depression? A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2011;19(3):256-65."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kelly, 1993",
          "ref": "Kelly JA, Murphy DA, Bahr GR, Kalichman SC, Morgan MG, Stevenson LY, et al. Outcome of cognitive-behavioral and support group brief therapies for depressed, HIV-infected persons. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1993;150(11):1679-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kenter, 2016",
          "ref": "Kenter, R. M. F., Cuijpers, P., Beekman, A., & van Straten, A. (2016). Effectiveness of a Web-based guided self-help intervention for outpatients with a depressive disorder: Short-term results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(3)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Korte, 2012",
          "ref": "Korte J, Bohlmeijer ET, Cappeliez P, Smit F, Westerhof GJ. Life review therapy for older adults with moderate depressive symptomatology: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(6):1163-73."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2014",
          "ref": "Kramer, J., Conijn, B., Oijevaar, P., & Riper, H. (2014). Effectiveness of a web-based solution-focused brief chat treatment for depressed adolescents and young adults: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res, 16(5), e141. doi:10.2196/jmir.3261"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2021",
          "ref": "Krämer, L. V., Grünzig, S. D., Baumeister, H., Ebert, D. D., & Bengel, J. (2021). Effectiveness of a Guided Web-Based Intervention to Reduce Depressive Symptoms before Outpatient Psychotherapy: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 90(4), 233-242. https://doi.org/10.1159/000515625"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lamers, 2015",
          "ref": "Lamers SMA, Bohlmeijer ET, Korte J, Westerhof GJ. The efficacy of life-review as online-guided self-help for adults: A randomized trial. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 2015; 70B(1): 24-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee, 2021",
          "ref": "Lee, E., Han, Y., Cha, Y. J., Oh, J. H., Hwang, N. R., Seo, H. J., & Choi, K. H. (2021). Community-Based Multi-Site Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation for Patients with Depressive Disorders [Article in Press]. Community mental health journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-021-00828-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Levin, 2011",
          "ref": "Levin W, Campbell DR, McGovern KB, Gau JM, Kosty DB, Seeley JR, et al. A computer-assisted depression intervention in primary care. Psychological Medicine. 2011;41(7):1373-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lintvedt, 2013",
          "ref": "Lintvedt OK, Griffiths KM, Sorensen K, ÿstvik AR, Wang CE, Eisemann M, et al. Evaluating the effectiveness and efficacy of unguided internet-based self-help intervention for the prevention of depression: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2013;20(1):10-27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Losada, 2015",
          "ref": "Losada A, Márquez-González M, Romero-Moreno R, Mausbach BT, López J, Fernández-Fernández V, et al. Cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for dementia family caregivers with significant depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(4):760-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "McCusker, 2021",
          "ref": "McCusker, J., Jones, J. M., Li, M., Faria, R., Yaffe, M. J., Lambert, S. D., Ciampi, A., Belzile, E., & de Raad, M. (2021). CanDirect: Effectiveness of a Telephone-Supported Depression Self-Care Intervention for Cancer Survivors. J Clin Oncol, 39(10), 1150-1161. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.20.01802"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennen, 2021",
          "ref": "Mennen, F. E., Palmer Molina, A., Monro, W. L., Duan, L., Stuart, S., & Sosna, T. (2021). Effectiveness of an Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) Group Depression Treatment for Head Start Mothers: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. J Affect Disord, 280(Pt B), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.074"
        },
        {
          "study": "Moskowitz, 2021",
          "ref": "Moskowitz, J. T., Addington, E. L., Shiu, E., Bassett, S. M., Schuette, S., Kwok, I., Freedman, M. E., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., Cohn, M. A., & Cheung, E. O. Facilitator Contact, Discussion Boards, and Virtual Badges as Adherence Enhancements to a Web-Based, Self-guided, Positive Psychological Intervention for Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 23(9), e25922."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nobis, 2015",
          "ref": "Nobis S, Lehr D, Ebert DD, Baumeister H, Snoek F, Riper H, et al. Efficacy of a web-based intervention with mobile phone support in treating depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(5):776-83."
        },
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          "study": "Pachankis, 2020",
          "ref": "Pachankis JE, McConocha EM, Clark KA, Wang K, Behari K, Fetzner BK, et al. A transdiagnostic minority stress intervention for gender diverse sexual minority women's depression, anxiety, and unhealthy alcohol use: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 2020;88(7):613-30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Penckofer, 2012",
          "ref": "Penckofer SM, Ferrans C, Mumby P, Byrn M, Emanuele MA, Harrison PR, et al. A psychoeducational intervention (SWEEP) for depressed women with diabetes. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2012;44(2):192-206."
        },
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          "study": "Pibernik-Okanovic, 2015",
          "ref": "Pibernik-Okanović M, Hermanns N, Ajduković D, Kos J, Prašek M, Šekerija M, Lovrenčić MV. Does treatment of subsyndromal depression improve depression-related and diabetes-related outcomes? A randomised controlled comparison of psychoeducation, physical exercise and enhanced treatment as usual. Trials. 2015 Jul 15;16:305."
        },
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          "study": "Pot, 2010",
          "ref": "Pot AM, Bohlmeijer ET, Onrust S, Melenhorst A-S, Veerbeek M, De Vries W. The impact of life review on depression in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2010;22(4):572-81."
        },
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          "study": "Pots, 2014",
          "ref": "Pots WTM, Meulenbeek PAM, Veehof MM, Klungers J, Bohlmeijer ET. The efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a public mental health intervention for adults with mild to moderate depressive symptomatology: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2014;9(10)."
        },
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          "study": "Pots, 2016",
          "ref": "Pots WT, Fledderus M, Meulenbeek PA, ten Klooster PM, Schreurs KM, Bohlmeijer ET. Acceptance and commitment therapy as a web-based intervention for depressive symptoms: Randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2016;208(1):69-77."
        },
        {
          "study": "Roepke, 2015",
          "ref": "Roepke AM, Jaffee SR, Riffle OM, McGonigal J, Broome R, Maxwell B. Randomized controlled trial of SuperBetter, a smartphone-based/internet-based self-help tool to reduce depressive symptoms. Games for Health 2015-4(3): 235-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2016",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2021",
          "ref": "Safren, S. A., O'Cleirigh, C., Andersen, L. S., Magidson, J. F., Lee, J. S., Bainter, S. A., . . . Joska, J. A. (2021). Treating depression and improving adherence in HIV care with task-shared cognitive behavioural therapy in Khayelitsha, South Africa: a randomized controlled trial. J Int AIDS Soc, 24(10), e25823. doi:10.1002/jia2.25823"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schlicker, 2020",
          "ref": "Schlicker S, Baumeister H, Buntrock C, et al. A web- And mobile-based intervention for comorbid, recurrent depression in patients with chronic back pain on sick leave (get.back): Pilot randomized controlled trial on feasibility, user satisfaction, and effectiveness. JMIR Mental Health. 2020;7(4)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schuster, 2017",
          "ref": "Schuster, R., Leitner, I., Carlbring, P., & Laireiter, A.-R. (2017). Exploring blended group interventions for depression: randomised controlled feasibility study of a blended computer- and multimedia-supported psychoeducational group intervention for adults with depressive symptoms. Internet Interventions, 8, 63-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Serrano, 2004",
          "ref": "Serrano JP, Latorre JM, Gatz M, Montanes J. Life review therapy using autobiographical retrieval practice for older adults with depressive symptomatology. Psychology and Aging. 2004;19(2):270-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tobin, 2017",
          "ref": "Tobin, K., Davey-Rothwell, M. A., Nonyane, B. A. S., Knowlton, A., Wissow, L., & Latkin, C. A. (2017). RCT of an integrated CBT-HIV intervention on depressive symptoms and HIV risk."
        },
        {
          "study": "Unlu-Ince, 2013",
          "ref": "Unlu Ince B, Cuijpers P, t Hof E, Ballegooijen W, Christensen H, Riper H. Internet-based, culturally sensitive, problem-solving therapy for Turkish migrants with depression: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2013;15(10):e227."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
          "ref": "van Luenen, S., Garnefski, N., Spinhoven, P., & Kraaij, V. (2018). Guided internet-based intervention for people with HIV and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial in the Netherlands. The lancet HIV, 5(9), e488-e497."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2017",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Torres, Á., Otero, P., Blanco, V., Díaz, O., & Estévez, L. E. (2017). Analysis of the components of a cognitive-behavioral intervention administered via conference call for preventing depression among non-professional caregivers: A pilot study. Aging Ment Health, 21(9), 938-946."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2020",
          "ref": "Vázquez FL, López L, Torres Á J, et al. Analysis of the Components of a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for the prevention of Depression Administered via Conference Call to Nonprofessional Caregivers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(6)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Blanco, V., Hita, I., Torres, Á. J., Otero, P., Páramo, M., & Salmerón, M. (2023). Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(18)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez-Gonzalez, 2013",
          "ref": "Vázquez González FL, Otero Otero P, Torres Iglesias A, Hermida Garcìa E, Blanco Seoane V, Dìaz Fernández O. A brief problem-solving indicated-prevention intervention for prevention of depression in nonprofessional caregivers. Psicothema. 2013;25(1):87-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vázquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., et al. (2023). \"Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial.\" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12(18). "
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker, 2014",
          "ref": "Walker JV, Lampropoulos GK. A comparison of self-help (homework) activities for mood enhancement: Results from a brief randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration. 2014;24(1):46-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Warmerdam, 2008",
          "ref": "Warmerdam L, Straten A, Twisk J, Riper H, Cuijpers P. Internet-based treatment for adults with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2008;10(4):e44."
        },
        {
          "study": "Westerhof, 2019",
          "ref": "Westerhof, G. J., Lamers, S. M. A., Postel, M. G., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2019). Online Therapy for Depressive Symptoms: An Evaluation of Counselor-Led and Peer-Supported Life Review Therapy. The Gerontologist, 59(1), 135-146. doi:10.1093/geront/gnx140"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wuthrich, 2013",
          "ref": "Wuthrich VM, Rapee RM. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behavioural therapy for comorbid anxiety and depression in older adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2013;51(12):779-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "van der Zanden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Zanden, R., Kramer, J., Gerrits, R., & Cuijpers, P. (2012). Effectiveness of an online group course for depression in adolescents and young adults: a randomized trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 14(3), e86."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 403,
      "instr": "CES-D",
      "full": "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "North America",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 18,
      "k_es": 30,
      "sd": 10.518,
      "lo": 8.665,
      "hi": 12.768,
      "tau2": 0.17,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 4.581,
      "phi": 24.148,
      "i2": 97.6,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Beeber, 2010",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Bower, 2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chesney, 2003",
          "ref": "Chesney MA, Chambers DB, Taylor JM, Johnson LM, Folkman S. Coping effectiveness training for men living with HIV: Results from a randomized clinical trial testing a group-based intervention. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2003;65(6):1038-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gitlin, 2013",
          "ref": "Gitlin LN, Harris LF, McCoy MC, Chernett NL, Pizzi LT, Jutkowitz E, et al. A home-based intervention to reduce depressive symptoms and improve quality of life in older African Americans: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;159(4):243-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kelly, 1993",
          "ref": "Kelly JA, Murphy DA, Bahr GR, Kalichman SC, Morgan MG, Stevenson LY, et al. Outcome of cognitive-behavioral and support group brief therapies for depressed, HIV-infected persons. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1993;150(11):1679-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levin, 2011",
          "ref": "Levin W, Campbell DR, McGovern KB, Gau JM, Kosty DB, Seeley JR, et al. A computer-assisted depression intervention in primary care. Psychological Medicine. 2011;41(7):1373-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "McCusker, 2021",
          "ref": "McCusker, J., Jones, J. M., Li, M., Faria, R., Yaffe, M. J., Lambert, S. D., Ciampi, A., Belzile, E., & de Raad, M. (2021). CanDirect: Effectiveness of a Telephone-Supported Depression Self-Care Intervention for Cancer Survivors. J Clin Oncol, 39(10), 1150-1161. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.20.01802"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennen, 2021",
          "ref": "Mennen, F. E., Palmer Molina, A., Monro, W. L., Duan, L., Stuart, S., & Sosna, T. (2021). Effectiveness of an Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) Group Depression Treatment for Head Start Mothers: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. J Affect Disord, 280(Pt B), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.074"
        },
        {
          "study": "Moskowitz, 2021",
          "ref": "Moskowitz, J. T., Addington, E. L., Shiu, E., Bassett, S. M., Schuette, S., Kwok, I., Freedman, M. E., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., Cohn, M. A., & Cheung, E. O. Facilitator Contact, Discussion Boards, and Virtual Badges as Adherence Enhancements to a Web-Based, Self-guided, Positive Psychological Intervention for Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 23(9), e25922."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pachankis, 2020",
          "ref": "Pachankis JE, McConocha EM, Clark KA, Wang K, Behari K, Fetzner BK, et al. A transdiagnostic minority stress intervention for gender diverse sexual minority women's depression, anxiety, and unhealthy alcohol use: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 2020;88(7):613-30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Penckofer, 2012",
          "ref": "Penckofer SM, Ferrans C, Mumby P, Byrn M, Emanuele MA, Harrison PR, et al. A psychoeducational intervention (SWEEP) for depressed women with diabetes. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2012;44(2):192-206."
        },
        {
          "study": "Roepke, 2015",
          "ref": "Roepke AM, Jaffee SR, Riffle OM, McGonigal J, Broome R, Maxwell B. Randomized controlled trial of SuperBetter, a smartphone-based/internet-based self-help tool to reduce depressive symptoms. Games for Health 2015-4(3): 235-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2016",
          "ref": "Safren SA, Bedoya CA, O'Cleirigh C, Biello KB, Pinkston MM, Stein MD, et al. Cognitive behavioural therapy for adherence and depression in patients with HIV: A three-arm randomised controlled trial. The Lancet HIV. 2016;3(11):e529-e38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tobin, 2017",
          "ref": "Tobin, K., Davey-Rothwell, M. A., Nonyane, B. A. S., Knowlton, A., Wissow, L., & Latkin, C. A. (2017). RCT of an integrated CBT-HIV intervention on depressive symptoms and HIV risk."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker, 2014",
          "ref": "Walker JV, Lampropoulos GK. A comparison of self-help (homework) activities for mood enhancement: Results from a brief randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration. 2014;24(1):46-64."
        }
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
        },
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          "study": "Afonso, 2009",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Baumgartner, 2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Beeber, 2010",
          "ref": "Beeber LS, Holditch-Davis D, Perreira K, Schwartz TA, Lewis V, Blanchard H, et al. Short-term in-home intervention reduces depressive symptoms in Early Head Start Latina mothers of infants and toddlers. Research in Nursing and Health. 2010;33(1):60-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2023",
          "ref": "Blanco V, Otero P, Vázquez FL. A pilot study for a smartphone app for the prevention of depression in non-professional caregivers. Aging Ment Health. 2023 Jan;27(1):166-175. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2056878. Epub 2022 Mar 30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2018",
          "ref": "Boele FW, Klein M, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for glioma patients with depressive symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of neuro-oncology 2018; 137(1): 191‐203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2021",
          "ref": "Boele, F. W., et al. (2021). \"The effects of SmartCare© on neuro-oncology family caregivers’ distress: a randomized controlled trial.\" Supportive Care in Cancer."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bohlmeijer, 2011",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Bower, 2021",
          "ref": "Bower, J. E., Partridge, A. H., Wolff, A. C., Thorner, E. D., Irwin, M. R., Joffe, H., Petersen, L., Crespi, C. M., & Ganz, P. A. (2021, Nov 1). Targeting Depressive Symptoms in Younger Breast Cancer Survivors: The Pathways to Wellness Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness Meditation and Survivorship Education. J Clin Oncol, 39(31), 3473-3484. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.21.00279"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
        {
          "study": "Buntrock, 2015",
          "ref": "Buntrock C, Ebert D, Lehr D, Riper H, Smit F, Cuijpers P, et al. Effectiveness of a web-based cognitive behavioural intervention for subthreshold depression: Pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(6):348-58."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chesney, 2003",
          "ref": "Chesney MA, Chambers DB, Taylor JM, Johnson LM, Folkman S. Coping effectiveness training for men living with HIV: Results from a randomized clinical trial testing a group-based intervention. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2003;65(6):1038-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2014",
          "ref": "Ebert, D. D., Lehr, D., Boß, L., Riper, H., Cuijpers, P., Andersson, G., . . . Berking, M. (2014). Efficacy of an internet-based problem-solving training for teachers: results of a randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 582-596. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2018",
          "ref": "Ebert DD, Buntrock C, Lehr D, et al. Effectiveness of Web- and Mobile-Based Treatment of Subthreshold Depression With Adherence-Focused Guidance: a Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior therapy 2018; 49(1): 71‐83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ede, 2020",
          "ref": "Ede MO, Igbo JN, Eseadi C, et al. Effect of group cognitive behavioural therapy on depressive symptoms in a sample of college adolescents in Nigeria. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. 2020;38(3):306-318."
        },
        {
          "study": "Farrer, 2011",
          "ref": "Farrer L, Christensen H, Griffiths KM, Mackinnon A. Internet-based CBT for depression with and without telephone tracking in a national helpline: Randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e28099."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fledderus, 2012",
          "ref": "Fledderus M, Bohlmeijer ET, Pieterse ME, Schreurs KM. Acceptance and commitment therapy as guided self-help for psychological distress and positive mental health: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(3):485-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Geraedts, 2014",
          "ref": "Geraedts AS, Kleiboer AM, Wiezer NM, van Mechelen W, Cuijpers P. Short-term effects of a web-based guided self-help intervention for employees with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2014;16(5):e121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gitlin, 2013",
          "ref": "Gitlin LN, Harris LF, McCoy MC, Chernett NL, Pizzi LT, Jutkowitz E, et al. A home-based intervention to reduce depressive symptoms and improve quality of life in older African Americans: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;159(4):243-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guo, 2020",
          "ref": "Guo Y, Hong YA, Cai W, et al. Effect of a WeChat-Based Intervention (Run4Love) on Depressive Symptoms Among People Living With HIV in China: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(2):e16715."
        },
        {
          "study": "Haringsma, 2006",
          "ref": "Haringsma R, Engels G, Cuijpers P, Spinhoven P. Effectiveness of the Coping With Depression (CWD) course for older adults provided by the community-based mental health care system in the Netherlands: A randomized controlled field trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2006;18(02):307-25."
        },
        {
          "study": "Harrer, 2021",
          "ref": "Harrer, M., Apolinário-Hagen, J., Fritsche, L., Salewski, C., Zarski, A. C., Lehr, D., Baumeister, H., Cuijpers, P., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effect of an internet- and app-based stress intervention compared to online psychoeducation in university students with depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Internet Interventions, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100374"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heller, 2020",
          "ref": "Heller HM, Hoogendoorn AW, Honig A, Broekman BFP, van Straten A. The Effectiveness of a Guided Internet-Based Tool for the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety in Pregnancy (MamaKits Online): Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(3):e15172."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hermanns, 2015",
          "ref": "Hermanns N, Schmitt A, Gahr A, Herder C, Nowotny B, Roden M, et al. The effect of a diabetes-specific cognitive behavioral treatment program (DIAMOS) for patients with diabetes and subclinical depression: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(4):551-60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2016",
          "ref": "Huang, C.-Y., Lai, H.-L., Chen, C.-I., Lu, Y.-C., Li, S.-C., Wang, L.-W., & Su, Y. (2016). Effects of motivational enhancement therapy plus cognitive behaviour therapy on depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life in adults with type II diabetes mellitus: A randomised controlled trial. Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care & Rehabilitation, 25(5), 1275-1283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Joling, 2011",
          "ref": "Joling KJ, Hout HP, van't Veer-Tazelaar PJ, Horst HE, Cuijpers P, Ven PM, et al. How effective is bibliotherapy for very old adults with subthreshold depression? A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2011;19(3):256-65."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kelly, 1993",
          "ref": "Kelly JA, Murphy DA, Bahr GR, Kalichman SC, Morgan MG, Stevenson LY, et al. Outcome of cognitive-behavioral and support group brief therapies for depressed, HIV-infected persons. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1993;150(11):1679-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kenter, 2016",
          "ref": "Kenter, R. M. F., Cuijpers, P., Beekman, A., & van Straten, A. (2016). Effectiveness of a Web-based guided self-help intervention for outpatients with a depressive disorder: Short-term results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(3)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Korte, 2012",
          "ref": "Korte J, Bohlmeijer ET, Cappeliez P, Smit F, Westerhof GJ. Life review therapy for older adults with moderate depressive symptomatology: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(6):1163-73."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2014",
          "ref": "Kramer, J., Conijn, B., Oijevaar, P., & Riper, H. (2014). Effectiveness of a web-based solution-focused brief chat treatment for depressed adolescents and young adults: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res, 16(5), e141. doi:10.2196/jmir.3261"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2021",
          "ref": "Krämer, L. V., Grünzig, S. D., Baumeister, H., Ebert, D. D., & Bengel, J. (2021). Effectiveness of a Guided Web-Based Intervention to Reduce Depressive Symptoms before Outpatient Psychotherapy: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 90(4), 233-242. https://doi.org/10.1159/000515625"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lamers, 2015",
          "ref": "Lamers SMA, Bohlmeijer ET, Korte J, Westerhof GJ. The efficacy of life-review as online-guided self-help for adults: A randomized trial. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 2015; 70B(1): 24-34."
        },
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          "study": "Lee, 2021",
          "ref": "Lee, E., Han, Y., Cha, Y. J., Oh, J. H., Hwang, N. R., Seo, H. J., & Choi, K. H. (2021). Community-Based Multi-Site Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation for Patients with Depressive Disorders [Article in Press]. Community mental health journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-021-00828-3"
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Lintvedt, 2013",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Losada, 2015",
          "ref": "Losada A, Márquez-González M, Romero-Moreno R, Mausbach BT, López J, Fernández-Fernández V, et al. Cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for dementia family caregivers with significant depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(4):760-72."
        },
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          "study": "McCusker, 2021",
          "ref": "McCusker, J., Jones, J. M., Li, M., Faria, R., Yaffe, M. J., Lambert, S. D., Ciampi, A., Belzile, E., & de Raad, M. (2021). CanDirect: Effectiveness of a Telephone-Supported Depression Self-Care Intervention for Cancer Survivors. J Clin Oncol, 39(10), 1150-1161. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.20.01802"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennen, 2021",
          "ref": "Mennen, F. E., Palmer Molina, A., Monro, W. L., Duan, L., Stuart, S., & Sosna, T. (2021). Effectiveness of an Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) Group Depression Treatment for Head Start Mothers: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. J Affect Disord, 280(Pt B), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.074"
        },
        {
          "study": "Moskowitz, 2021",
          "ref": "Moskowitz, J. T., Addington, E. L., Shiu, E., Bassett, S. M., Schuette, S., Kwok, I., Freedman, M. E., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., Cohn, M. A., & Cheung, E. O. Facilitator Contact, Discussion Boards, and Virtual Badges as Adherence Enhancements to a Web-Based, Self-guided, Positive Psychological Intervention for Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 23(9), e25922."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nobis, 2015",
          "ref": "Nobis S, Lehr D, Ebert DD, Baumeister H, Snoek F, Riper H, et al. Efficacy of a web-based intervention with mobile phone support in treating depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(5):776-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pachankis, 2020",
          "ref": "Pachankis JE, McConocha EM, Clark KA, Wang K, Behari K, Fetzner BK, et al. A transdiagnostic minority stress intervention for gender diverse sexual minority women's depression, anxiety, and unhealthy alcohol use: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 2020;88(7):613-30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Penckofer, 2012",
          "ref": "Penckofer SM, Ferrans C, Mumby P, Byrn M, Emanuele MA, Harrison PR, et al. A psychoeducational intervention (SWEEP) for depressed women with diabetes. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2012;44(2):192-206."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pibernik-Okanovic, 2015",
          "ref": "Pibernik-Okanović M, Hermanns N, Ajduković D, Kos J, Prašek M, Šekerija M, Lovrenčić MV. Does treatment of subsyndromal depression improve depression-related and diabetes-related outcomes? A randomised controlled comparison of psychoeducation, physical exercise and enhanced treatment as usual. Trials. 2015 Jul 15;16:305."
        },
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          "study": "Pot, 2010",
          "ref": "Pot AM, Bohlmeijer ET, Onrust S, Melenhorst A-S, Veerbeek M, De Vries W. The impact of life review on depression in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2010;22(4):572-81."
        },
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          "study": "Pots, 2014",
          "ref": "Pots WTM, Meulenbeek PAM, Veehof MM, Klungers J, Bohlmeijer ET. The efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a public mental health intervention for adults with mild to moderate depressive symptomatology: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2014;9(10)."
        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Roepke, 2015",
          "ref": "Roepke AM, Jaffee SR, Riffle OM, McGonigal J, Broome R, Maxwell B. Randomized controlled trial of SuperBetter, a smartphone-based/internet-based self-help tool to reduce depressive symptoms. Games for Health 2015-4(3): 235-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2016",
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        },
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          "study": "Safren, 2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Schlicker, 2020",
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        },
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          "study": "Schuster, 2017",
          "ref": "Schuster, R., Leitner, I., Carlbring, P., & Laireiter, A.-R. (2017). Exploring blended group interventions for depression: randomised controlled feasibility study of a blended computer- and multimedia-supported psychoeducational group intervention for adults with depressive symptoms. Internet Interventions, 8, 63-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Serrano, 2004",
          "ref": "Serrano JP, Latorre JM, Gatz M, Montanes J. Life review therapy using autobiographical retrieval practice for older adults with depressive symptomatology. Psychology and Aging. 2004;19(2):270-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tobin, 2017",
          "ref": "Tobin, K., Davey-Rothwell, M. A., Nonyane, B. A. S., Knowlton, A., Wissow, L., & Latkin, C. A. (2017). RCT of an integrated CBT-HIV intervention on depressive symptoms and HIV risk."
        },
        {
          "study": "Unlu-Ince, 2013",
          "ref": "Unlu Ince B, Cuijpers P, t Hof E, Ballegooijen W, Christensen H, Riper H. Internet-based, culturally sensitive, problem-solving therapy for Turkish migrants with depression: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2013;15(10):e227."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
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        },
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          "study": "Vazquez, 2017",
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        },
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          "study": "Vazquez, 2020",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2023",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez-Gonzalez, 2013",
          "ref": "Vázquez González FL, Otero Otero P, Torres Iglesias A, Hermida Garcìa E, Blanco Seoane V, Dìaz Fernández O. A brief problem-solving indicated-prevention intervention for prevention of depression in nonprofessional caregivers. Psicothema. 2013;25(1):87-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vázquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., et al. (2023). \"Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial.\" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12(18). "
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker, 2014",
          "ref": "Walker JV, Lampropoulos GK. A comparison of self-help (homework) activities for mood enhancement: Results from a brief randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration. 2014;24(1):46-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Warmerdam, 2008",
          "ref": "Warmerdam L, Straten A, Twisk J, Riper H, Cuijpers P. Internet-based treatment for adults with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2008;10(4):e44."
        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "van der Zanden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Zanden, R., Kramer, J., Gerrits, R., & Cuijpers, P. (2012). Effectiveness of an online group course for depression in adolescents and young adults: a randomized trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 14(3), e86."
        }
      ]
    },
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Ede, 2020",
          "ref": "Ede MO, Igbo JN, Eseadi C, et al. Effect of group cognitive behavioural therapy on depressive symptoms in a sample of college adolescents in Nigeria. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. 2020;38(3):306-318."
        },
        {
          "study": "Farrer, 2011",
          "ref": "Farrer L, Christensen H, Griffiths KM, Mackinnon A. Internet-based CBT for depression with and without telephone tracking in a national helpline: Randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e28099."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2021",
          "ref": "Safren, S. A., O'Cleirigh, C., Andersen, L. S., Magidson, J. F., Lee, J. S., Bainter, S. A., . . . Joska, J. A. (2021). Treating depression and improving adherence in HIV care with task-shared cognitive behavioural therapy in Khayelitsha, South Africa: a randomized controlled trial. J Int AIDS Soc, 24(10), e25823. doi:10.1002/jia2.25823"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wuthrich, 2013",
          "ref": "Wuthrich VM, Rapee RM. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behavioural therapy for comorbid anxiety and depression in older adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2013;51(12):779-86."
        }
      ]
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    {
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      "sg": "Country / Region",
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      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afonso, 2009",
          "ref": "Afonso, R., & Bueno, B. (2009). Efectos de un programa de reminiscencia sobre la sintomatología depresiva en una muestra de población mayor portuguesa. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 44(6), 317-322."
        },
        {
          "study": "Baumgartner, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumgartner, C., Schaub, M. P., Wenger, A., Malischnig, D., Augsburger, M., Lehr, D., . . . Haug, S. (2021). \"Take Care of You\" - Efficacy of integrated, minimal-guidance, internet-based self-help for reducing co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression symptoms in adults: Results of a three-arm randomized controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Depend, 225, 108806. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108806"
        },
        {
          "study": "Beeber, 2010",
          "ref": "Beeber LS, Holditch-Davis D, Perreira K, Schwartz TA, Lewis V, Blanchard H, et al. Short-term in-home intervention reduces depressive symptoms in Early Head Start Latina mothers of infants and toddlers. Research in Nursing and Health. 2010;33(1):60-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2023",
          "ref": "Blanco V, Otero P, Vázquez FL. A pilot study for a smartphone app for the prevention of depression in non-professional caregivers. Aging Ment Health. 2023 Jan;27(1):166-175. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2056878. Epub 2022 Mar 30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2018",
          "ref": "Boele FW, Klein M, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for glioma patients with depressive symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of neuro-oncology 2018; 137(1): 191‐203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2021",
          "ref": "Boele, F. W., et al. (2021). \"The effects of SmartCare© on neuro-oncology family caregivers’ distress: a randomized controlled trial.\" Supportive Care in Cancer."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bohlmeijer, 2011",
          "ref": "Bohlmeijer ET, Fledderus M, Rokx TA, Pieterse ME. Efficacy of an early intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy for adults with depressive symptomatology: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy. 2011;49(1):62-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bower, 2021",
          "ref": "Bower, J. E., Partridge, A. H., Wolff, A. C., Thorner, E. D., Irwin, M. R., Joffe, H., Petersen, L., Crespi, C. M., & Ganz, P. A. (2021, Nov 1). Targeting Depressive Symptoms in Younger Breast Cancer Survivors: The Pathways to Wellness Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness Meditation and Survivorship Education. J Clin Oncol, 39(31), 3473-3484. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.21.00279"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
        {
          "study": "Buntrock, 2015",
          "ref": "Buntrock C, Ebert D, Lehr D, Riper H, Smit F, Cuijpers P, et al. Effectiveness of a web-based cognitive behavioural intervention for subthreshold depression: Pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(6):348-58."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chesney, 2003",
          "ref": "Chesney MA, Chambers DB, Taylor JM, Johnson LM, Folkman S. Coping effectiveness training for men living with HIV: Results from a randomized clinical trial testing a group-based intervention. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2003;65(6):1038-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2014",
          "ref": "Ebert, D. D., Lehr, D., Boß, L., Riper, H., Cuijpers, P., Andersson, G., . . . Berking, M. (2014). Efficacy of an internet-based problem-solving training for teachers: results of a randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 582-596. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2018",
          "ref": "Ebert DD, Buntrock C, Lehr D, et al. Effectiveness of Web- and Mobile-Based Treatment of Subthreshold Depression With Adherence-Focused Guidance: a Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior therapy 2018; 49(1): 71‐83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ede, 2020",
          "ref": "Ede MO, Igbo JN, Eseadi C, et al. Effect of group cognitive behavioural therapy on depressive symptoms in a sample of college adolescents in Nigeria. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. 2020;38(3):306-318."
        },
        {
          "study": "Farrer, 2011",
          "ref": "Farrer L, Christensen H, Griffiths KM, Mackinnon A. Internet-based CBT for depression with and without telephone tracking in a national helpline: Randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e28099."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fledderus, 2012",
          "ref": "Fledderus M, Bohlmeijer ET, Pieterse ME, Schreurs KM. Acceptance and commitment therapy as guided self-help for psychological distress and positive mental health: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(3):485-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Geraedts, 2014",
          "ref": "Geraedts AS, Kleiboer AM, Wiezer NM, van Mechelen W, Cuijpers P. Short-term effects of a web-based guided self-help intervention for employees with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2014;16(5):e121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gitlin, 2013",
          "ref": "Gitlin LN, Harris LF, McCoy MC, Chernett NL, Pizzi LT, Jutkowitz E, et al. A home-based intervention to reduce depressive symptoms and improve quality of life in older African Americans: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;159(4):243-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guo, 2020",
          "ref": "Guo Y, Hong YA, Cai W, et al. Effect of a WeChat-Based Intervention (Run4Love) on Depressive Symptoms Among People Living With HIV in China: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(2):e16715."
        },
        {
          "study": "Haringsma, 2006",
          "ref": "Haringsma R, Engels G, Cuijpers P, Spinhoven P. Effectiveness of the Coping With Depression (CWD) course for older adults provided by the community-based mental health care system in the Netherlands: A randomized controlled field trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2006;18(02):307-25."
        },
        {
          "study": "Harrer, 2021",
          "ref": "Harrer, M., Apolinário-Hagen, J., Fritsche, L., Salewski, C., Zarski, A. C., Lehr, D., Baumeister, H., Cuijpers, P., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effect of an internet- and app-based stress intervention compared to online psychoeducation in university students with depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Internet Interventions, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100374"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heller, 2020",
          "ref": "Heller HM, Hoogendoorn AW, Honig A, Broekman BFP, van Straten A. The Effectiveness of a Guided Internet-Based Tool for the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety in Pregnancy (MamaKits Online): Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(3):e15172."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hermanns, 2015",
          "ref": "Hermanns N, Schmitt A, Gahr A, Herder C, Nowotny B, Roden M, et al. The effect of a diabetes-specific cognitive behavioral treatment program (DIAMOS) for patients with diabetes and subclinical depression: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(4):551-60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2016",
          "ref": "Huang, C.-Y., Lai, H.-L., Chen, C.-I., Lu, Y.-C., Li, S.-C., Wang, L.-W., & Su, Y. (2016). Effects of motivational enhancement therapy plus cognitive behaviour therapy on depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life in adults with type II diabetes mellitus: A randomised controlled trial. Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care & Rehabilitation, 25(5), 1275-1283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Joling, 2011",
          "ref": "Joling KJ, Hout HP, van't Veer-Tazelaar PJ, Horst HE, Cuijpers P, Ven PM, et al. How effective is bibliotherapy for very old adults with subthreshold depression? A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2011;19(3):256-65."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kelly, 1993",
          "ref": "Kelly JA, Murphy DA, Bahr GR, Kalichman SC, Morgan MG, Stevenson LY, et al. Outcome of cognitive-behavioral and support group brief therapies for depressed, HIV-infected persons. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1993;150(11):1679-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kenter, 2016",
          "ref": "Kenter, R. M. F., Cuijpers, P., Beekman, A., & van Straten, A. (2016). Effectiveness of a Web-based guided self-help intervention for outpatients with a depressive disorder: Short-term results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(3)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Korte, 2012",
          "ref": "Korte J, Bohlmeijer ET, Cappeliez P, Smit F, Westerhof GJ. Life review therapy for older adults with moderate depressive symptomatology: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(6):1163-73."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2014",
          "ref": "Kramer, J., Conijn, B., Oijevaar, P., & Riper, H. (2014). Effectiveness of a web-based solution-focused brief chat treatment for depressed adolescents and young adults: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res, 16(5), e141. doi:10.2196/jmir.3261"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2021",
          "ref": "Krämer, L. V., Grünzig, S. D., Baumeister, H., Ebert, D. D., & Bengel, J. (2021). Effectiveness of a Guided Web-Based Intervention to Reduce Depressive Symptoms before Outpatient Psychotherapy: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 90(4), 233-242. https://doi.org/10.1159/000515625"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lamers, 2015",
          "ref": "Lamers SMA, Bohlmeijer ET, Korte J, Westerhof GJ. The efficacy of life-review as online-guided self-help for adults: A randomized trial. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 2015; 70B(1): 24-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee, 2021",
          "ref": "Lee, E., Han, Y., Cha, Y. J., Oh, J. H., Hwang, N. R., Seo, H. J., & Choi, K. H. (2021). Community-Based Multi-Site Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation for Patients with Depressive Disorders [Article in Press]. Community mental health journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-021-00828-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Levin, 2011",
          "ref": "Levin W, Campbell DR, McGovern KB, Gau JM, Kosty DB, Seeley JR, et al. A computer-assisted depression intervention in primary care. Psychological Medicine. 2011;41(7):1373-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lintvedt, 2013",
          "ref": "Lintvedt OK, Griffiths KM, Sorensen K, ÿstvik AR, Wang CE, Eisemann M, et al. Evaluating the effectiveness and efficacy of unguided internet-based self-help intervention for the prevention of depression: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2013;20(1):10-27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Losada, 2015",
          "ref": "Losada A, Márquez-González M, Romero-Moreno R, Mausbach BT, López J, Fernández-Fernández V, et al. Cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for dementia family caregivers with significant depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(4):760-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "McCusker, 2021",
          "ref": "McCusker, J., Jones, J. M., Li, M., Faria, R., Yaffe, M. J., Lambert, S. D., Ciampi, A., Belzile, E., & de Raad, M. (2021). CanDirect: Effectiveness of a Telephone-Supported Depression Self-Care Intervention for Cancer Survivors. J Clin Oncol, 39(10), 1150-1161. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.20.01802"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennen, 2021",
          "ref": "Mennen, F. E., Palmer Molina, A., Monro, W. L., Duan, L., Stuart, S., & Sosna, T. (2021). Effectiveness of an Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) Group Depression Treatment for Head Start Mothers: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. J Affect Disord, 280(Pt B), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.074"
        },
        {
          "study": "Moskowitz, 2021",
          "ref": "Moskowitz, J. T., Addington, E. L., Shiu, E., Bassett, S. M., Schuette, S., Kwok, I., Freedman, M. E., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., Cohn, M. A., & Cheung, E. O. Facilitator Contact, Discussion Boards, and Virtual Badges as Adherence Enhancements to a Web-Based, Self-guided, Positive Psychological Intervention for Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 23(9), e25922."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nobis, 2015",
          "ref": "Nobis S, Lehr D, Ebert DD, Baumeister H, Snoek F, Riper H, et al. Efficacy of a web-based intervention with mobile phone support in treating depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(5):776-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pachankis, 2020",
          "ref": "Pachankis JE, McConocha EM, Clark KA, Wang K, Behari K, Fetzner BK, et al. A transdiagnostic minority stress intervention for gender diverse sexual minority women's depression, anxiety, and unhealthy alcohol use: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 2020;88(7):613-30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Penckofer, 2012",
          "ref": "Penckofer SM, Ferrans C, Mumby P, Byrn M, Emanuele MA, Harrison PR, et al. A psychoeducational intervention (SWEEP) for depressed women with diabetes. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2012;44(2):192-206."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pibernik-Okanovic, 2015",
          "ref": "Pibernik-Okanović M, Hermanns N, Ajduković D, Kos J, Prašek M, Šekerija M, Lovrenčić MV. Does treatment of subsyndromal depression improve depression-related and diabetes-related outcomes? A randomised controlled comparison of psychoeducation, physical exercise and enhanced treatment as usual. Trials. 2015 Jul 15;16:305."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pot, 2010",
          "ref": "Pot AM, Bohlmeijer ET, Onrust S, Melenhorst A-S, Veerbeek M, De Vries W. The impact of life review on depression in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2010;22(4):572-81."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pots, 2014",
          "ref": "Pots WTM, Meulenbeek PAM, Veehof MM, Klungers J, Bohlmeijer ET. The efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a public mental health intervention for adults with mild to moderate depressive symptomatology: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2014;9(10)."
        },
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          "study": "Pots, 2016",
          "ref": "Pots WT, Fledderus M, Meulenbeek PA, ten Klooster PM, Schreurs KM, Bohlmeijer ET. Acceptance and commitment therapy as a web-based intervention for depressive symptoms: Randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2016;208(1):69-77."
        },
        {
          "study": "Roepke, 2015",
          "ref": "Roepke AM, Jaffee SR, Riffle OM, McGonigal J, Broome R, Maxwell B. Randomized controlled trial of SuperBetter, a smartphone-based/internet-based self-help tool to reduce depressive symptoms. Games for Health 2015-4(3): 235-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2016",
          "ref": "Safren SA, Bedoya CA, O'Cleirigh C, Biello KB, Pinkston MM, Stein MD, et al. Cognitive behavioural therapy for adherence and depression in patients with HIV: A three-arm randomised controlled trial. The Lancet HIV. 2016;3(11):e529-e38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2021",
          "ref": "Safren, S. A., O'Cleirigh, C., Andersen, L. S., Magidson, J. F., Lee, J. S., Bainter, S. A., . . . Joska, J. A. (2021). Treating depression and improving adherence in HIV care with task-shared cognitive behavioural therapy in Khayelitsha, South Africa: a randomized controlled trial. J Int AIDS Soc, 24(10), e25823. doi:10.1002/jia2.25823"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schlicker, 2020",
          "ref": "Schlicker S, Baumeister H, Buntrock C, et al. A web- And mobile-based intervention for comorbid, recurrent depression in patients with chronic back pain on sick leave (get.back): Pilot randomized controlled trial on feasibility, user satisfaction, and effectiveness. JMIR Mental Health. 2020;7(4)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schuster, 2017",
          "ref": "Schuster, R., Leitner, I., Carlbring, P., & Laireiter, A.-R. (2017). Exploring blended group interventions for depression: randomised controlled feasibility study of a blended computer- and multimedia-supported psychoeducational group intervention for adults with depressive symptoms. Internet Interventions, 8, 63-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Serrano, 2004",
          "ref": "Serrano JP, Latorre JM, Gatz M, Montanes J. Life review therapy using autobiographical retrieval practice for older adults with depressive symptomatology. Psychology and Aging. 2004;19(2):270-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tobin, 2017",
          "ref": "Tobin, K., Davey-Rothwell, M. A., Nonyane, B. A. S., Knowlton, A., Wissow, L., & Latkin, C. A. (2017). RCT of an integrated CBT-HIV intervention on depressive symptoms and HIV risk."
        },
        {
          "study": "Unlu-Ince, 2013",
          "ref": "Unlu Ince B, Cuijpers P, t Hof E, Ballegooijen W, Christensen H, Riper H. Internet-based, culturally sensitive, problem-solving therapy for Turkish migrants with depression: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2013;15(10):e227."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
          "ref": "van Luenen, S., Garnefski, N., Spinhoven, P., & Kraaij, V. (2018). Guided internet-based intervention for people with HIV and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial in the Netherlands. The lancet HIV, 5(9), e488-e497."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2017",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Torres, Á., Otero, P., Blanco, V., Díaz, O., & Estévez, L. E. (2017). Analysis of the components of a cognitive-behavioral intervention administered via conference call for preventing depression among non-professional caregivers: A pilot study. Aging Ment Health, 21(9), 938-946."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2020",
          "ref": "Vázquez FL, López L, Torres Á J, et al. Analysis of the Components of a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for the prevention of Depression Administered via Conference Call to Nonprofessional Caregivers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(6)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Blanco, V., Hita, I., Torres, Á. J., Otero, P., Páramo, M., & Salmerón, M. (2023). Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(18)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez-Gonzalez, 2013",
          "ref": "Vázquez González FL, Otero Otero P, Torres Iglesias A, Hermida Garcìa E, Blanco Seoane V, Dìaz Fernández O. A brief problem-solving indicated-prevention intervention for prevention of depression in nonprofessional caregivers. Psicothema. 2013;25(1):87-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vázquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., et al. (2023). \"Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial.\" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12(18). "
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker, 2014",
          "ref": "Walker JV, Lampropoulos GK. A comparison of self-help (homework) activities for mood enhancement: Results from a brief randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration. 2014;24(1):46-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Warmerdam, 2008",
          "ref": "Warmerdam L, Straten A, Twisk J, Riper H, Cuijpers P. Internet-based treatment for adults with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2008;10(4):e44."
        },
        {
          "study": "Westerhof, 2019",
          "ref": "Westerhof, G. J., Lamers, S. M. A., Postel, M. G., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2019). Online Therapy for Depressive Symptoms: An Evaluation of Counselor-Led and Peer-Supported Life Review Therapy. The Gerontologist, 59(1), 135-146. doi:10.1093/geront/gnx140"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wuthrich, 2013",
          "ref": "Wuthrich VM, Rapee RM. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behavioural therapy for comorbid anxiety and depression in older adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2013;51(12):779-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "van der Zanden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Zanden, R., Kramer, J., Gerrits, R., & Cuijpers, P. (2012). Effectiveness of an online group course for depression in adolescents and young adults: a randomized trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 14(3), e86."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "phi": 30.012,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Bohlmeijer, 2011",
          "ref": "Bohlmeijer ET, Fledderus M, Rokx TA, Pieterse ME. Efficacy of an early intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy for adults with depressive symptomatology: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy. 2011;49(1):62-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bower, 2021",
          "ref": "Bower, J. E., Partridge, A. H., Wolff, A. C., Thorner, E. D., Irwin, M. R., Joffe, H., Petersen, L., Crespi, C. M., & Ganz, P. A. (2021, Nov 1). Targeting Depressive Symptoms in Younger Breast Cancer Survivors: The Pathways to Wellness Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness Meditation and Survivorship Education. J Clin Oncol, 39(31), 3473-3484. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.21.00279"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chesney, 2003",
          "ref": "Chesney MA, Chambers DB, Taylor JM, Johnson LM, Folkman S. Coping effectiveness training for men living with HIV: Results from a randomized clinical trial testing a group-based intervention. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2003;65(6):1038-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ede, 2020",
          "ref": "Ede MO, Igbo JN, Eseadi C, et al. Effect of group cognitive behavioural therapy on depressive symptoms in a sample of college adolescents in Nigeria. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. 2020;38(3):306-318."
        },
        {
          "study": "Haringsma, 2006",
          "ref": "Haringsma R, Engels G, Cuijpers P, Spinhoven P. Effectiveness of the Coping With Depression (CWD) course for older adults provided by the community-based mental health care system in the Netherlands: A randomized controlled field trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2006;18(02):307-25."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hermanns, 2015",
          "ref": "Hermanns N, Schmitt A, Gahr A, Herder C, Nowotny B, Roden M, et al. The effect of a diabetes-specific cognitive behavioral treatment program (DIAMOS) for patients with diabetes and subclinical depression: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(4):551-60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2016",
          "ref": "Huang, C.-Y., Lai, H.-L., Chen, C.-I., Lu, Y.-C., Li, S.-C., Wang, L.-W., & Su, Y. (2016). Effects of motivational enhancement therapy plus cognitive behaviour therapy on depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life in adults with type II diabetes mellitus: A randomised controlled trial. Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care & Rehabilitation, 25(5), 1275-1283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kelly, 1993",
          "ref": "Kelly JA, Murphy DA, Bahr GR, Kalichman SC, Morgan MG, Stevenson LY, et al. Outcome of cognitive-behavioral and support group brief therapies for depressed, HIV-infected persons. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1993;150(11):1679-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Korte, 2012",
          "ref": "Korte J, Bohlmeijer ET, Cappeliez P, Smit F, Westerhof GJ. Life review therapy for older adults with moderate depressive symptomatology: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(6):1163-73."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee, 2021",
          "ref": "Lee, E., Han, Y., Cha, Y. J., Oh, J. H., Hwang, N. R., Seo, H. J., & Choi, K. H. (2021). Community-Based Multi-Site Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation for Patients with Depressive Disorders [Article in Press]. Community mental health journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-021-00828-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennen, 2021",
          "ref": "Mennen, F. E., Palmer Molina, A., Monro, W. L., Duan, L., Stuart, S., & Sosna, T. (2021). Effectiveness of an Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) Group Depression Treatment for Head Start Mothers: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. J Affect Disord, 280(Pt B), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.074"
        },
        {
          "study": "Penckofer, 2012",
          "ref": "Penckofer SM, Ferrans C, Mumby P, Byrn M, Emanuele MA, Harrison PR, et al. A psychoeducational intervention (SWEEP) for depressed women with diabetes. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2012;44(2):192-206."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pibernik-Okanovic, 2015",
          "ref": "Pibernik-Okanović M, Hermanns N, Ajduković D, Kos J, Prašek M, Šekerija M, Lovrenčić MV. Does treatment of subsyndromal depression improve depression-related and diabetes-related outcomes? A randomised controlled comparison of psychoeducation, physical exercise and enhanced treatment as usual. Trials. 2015 Jul 15;16:305."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pot, 2010",
          "ref": "Pot AM, Bohlmeijer ET, Onrust S, Melenhorst A-S, Veerbeek M, De Vries W. The impact of life review on depression in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2010;22(4):572-81."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pots, 2014",
          "ref": "Pots WTM, Meulenbeek PAM, Veehof MM, Klungers J, Bohlmeijer ET. The efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a public mental health intervention for adults with mild to moderate depressive symptomatology: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2014;9(10)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schuster, 2017",
          "ref": "Schuster, R., Leitner, I., Carlbring, P., & Laireiter, A.-R. (2017). Exploring blended group interventions for depression: randomised controlled feasibility study of a blended computer- and multimedia-supported psychoeducational group intervention for adults with depressive symptoms. Internet Interventions, 8, 63-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez-Gonzalez, 2013",
          "ref": "Vázquez González FL, Otero Otero P, Torres Iglesias A, Hermida Garcìa E, Blanco Seoane V, Dìaz Fernández O. A brief problem-solving indicated-prevention intervention for prevention of depression in nonprofessional caregivers. Psicothema. 2013;25(1):87-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wuthrich, 2013",
          "ref": "Wuthrich VM, Rapee RM. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behavioural therapy for comorbid anxiety and depression in older adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2013;51(12):779-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 408,
      "instr": "CES-D",
      "full": "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Format",
      "sgv": "Group",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 68,
      "k_es": 95,
      "sd": 9.193,
      "lo": 8.22,
      "hi": 10.281,
      "tau2": 0.1993,
      "tau2w": 0.011,
      "plo": 3.717,
      "phi": 22.739,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afonso, 2009",
          "ref": "Afonso, R., & Bueno, B. (2009). Efectos de un programa de reminiscencia sobre la sintomatología depresiva en una muestra de población mayor portuguesa. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 44(6), 317-322."
        },
        {
          "study": "Baumgartner, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumgartner, C., Schaub, M. P., Wenger, A., Malischnig, D., Augsburger, M., Lehr, D., . . . Haug, S. (2021). \"Take Care of You\" - Efficacy of integrated, minimal-guidance, internet-based self-help for reducing co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression symptoms in adults: Results of a three-arm randomized controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Depend, 225, 108806. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108806"
        },
        {
          "study": "Beeber, 2010",
          "ref": "Beeber LS, Holditch-Davis D, Perreira K, Schwartz TA, Lewis V, Blanchard H, et al. Short-term in-home intervention reduces depressive symptoms in Early Head Start Latina mothers of infants and toddlers. Research in Nursing and Health. 2010;33(1):60-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2023",
          "ref": "Blanco V, Otero P, Vázquez FL. A pilot study for a smartphone app for the prevention of depression in non-professional caregivers. Aging Ment Health. 2023 Jan;27(1):166-175. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2056878. Epub 2022 Mar 30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2018",
          "ref": "Boele FW, Klein M, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for glioma patients with depressive symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of neuro-oncology 2018; 137(1): 191‐203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2021",
          "ref": "Boele, F. W., et al. (2021). \"The effects of SmartCare© on neuro-oncology family caregivers’ distress: a randomized controlled trial.\" Supportive Care in Cancer."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bohlmeijer, 2011",
          "ref": "Bohlmeijer ET, Fledderus M, Rokx TA, Pieterse ME. Efficacy of an early intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy for adults with depressive symptomatology: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy. 2011;49(1):62-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bower, 2021",
          "ref": "Bower, J. E., Partridge, A. H., Wolff, A. C., Thorner, E. D., Irwin, M. R., Joffe, H., Petersen, L., Crespi, C. M., & Ganz, P. A. (2021, Nov 1). Targeting Depressive Symptoms in Younger Breast Cancer Survivors: The Pathways to Wellness Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness Meditation and Survivorship Education. J Clin Oncol, 39(31), 3473-3484. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.21.00279"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
        {
          "study": "Buntrock, 2015",
          "ref": "Buntrock C, Ebert D, Lehr D, Riper H, Smit F, Cuijpers P, et al. Effectiveness of a web-based cognitive behavioural intervention for subthreshold depression: Pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(6):348-58."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chesney, 2003",
          "ref": "Chesney MA, Chambers DB, Taylor JM, Johnson LM, Folkman S. Coping effectiveness training for men living with HIV: Results from a randomized clinical trial testing a group-based intervention. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2003;65(6):1038-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2014",
          "ref": "Ebert, D. D., Lehr, D., Boß, L., Riper, H., Cuijpers, P., Andersson, G., . . . Berking, M. (2014). Efficacy of an internet-based problem-solving training for teachers: results of a randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 582-596. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2018",
          "ref": "Ebert DD, Buntrock C, Lehr D, et al. Effectiveness of Web- and Mobile-Based Treatment of Subthreshold Depression With Adherence-Focused Guidance: a Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior therapy 2018; 49(1): 71‐83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ede, 2020",
          "ref": "Ede MO, Igbo JN, Eseadi C, et al. Effect of group cognitive behavioural therapy on depressive symptoms in a sample of college adolescents in Nigeria. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. 2020;38(3):306-318."
        },
        {
          "study": "Farrer, 2011",
          "ref": "Farrer L, Christensen H, Griffiths KM, Mackinnon A. Internet-based CBT for depression with and without telephone tracking in a national helpline: Randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e28099."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fledderus, 2012",
          "ref": "Fledderus M, Bohlmeijer ET, Pieterse ME, Schreurs KM. Acceptance and commitment therapy as guided self-help for psychological distress and positive mental health: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(3):485-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Geraedts, 2014",
          "ref": "Geraedts AS, Kleiboer AM, Wiezer NM, van Mechelen W, Cuijpers P. Short-term effects of a web-based guided self-help intervention for employees with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2014;16(5):e121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gitlin, 2013",
          "ref": "Gitlin LN, Harris LF, McCoy MC, Chernett NL, Pizzi LT, Jutkowitz E, et al. A home-based intervention to reduce depressive symptoms and improve quality of life in older African Americans: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;159(4):243-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guo, 2020",
          "ref": "Guo Y, Hong YA, Cai W, et al. Effect of a WeChat-Based Intervention (Run4Love) on Depressive Symptoms Among People Living With HIV in China: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(2):e16715."
        },
        {
          "study": "Haringsma, 2006",
          "ref": "Haringsma R, Engels G, Cuijpers P, Spinhoven P. Effectiveness of the Coping With Depression (CWD) course for older adults provided by the community-based mental health care system in the Netherlands: A randomized controlled field trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2006;18(02):307-25."
        },
        {
          "study": "Harrer, 2021",
          "ref": "Harrer, M., Apolinário-Hagen, J., Fritsche, L., Salewski, C., Zarski, A. C., Lehr, D., Baumeister, H., Cuijpers, P., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effect of an internet- and app-based stress intervention compared to online psychoeducation in university students with depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Internet Interventions, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100374"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heller, 2020",
          "ref": "Heller HM, Hoogendoorn AW, Honig A, Broekman BFP, van Straten A. The Effectiveness of a Guided Internet-Based Tool for the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety in Pregnancy (MamaKits Online): Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(3):e15172."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hermanns, 2015",
          "ref": "Hermanns N, Schmitt A, Gahr A, Herder C, Nowotny B, Roden M, et al. The effect of a diabetes-specific cognitive behavioral treatment program (DIAMOS) for patients with diabetes and subclinical depression: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(4):551-60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2016",
          "ref": "Huang, C.-Y., Lai, H.-L., Chen, C.-I., Lu, Y.-C., Li, S.-C., Wang, L.-W., & Su, Y. (2016). Effects of motivational enhancement therapy plus cognitive behaviour therapy on depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life in adults with type II diabetes mellitus: A randomised controlled trial. Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care & Rehabilitation, 25(5), 1275-1283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Joling, 2011",
          "ref": "Joling KJ, Hout HP, van't Veer-Tazelaar PJ, Horst HE, Cuijpers P, Ven PM, et al. How effective is bibliotherapy for very old adults with subthreshold depression? A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2011;19(3):256-65."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kelly, 1993",
          "ref": "Kelly JA, Murphy DA, Bahr GR, Kalichman SC, Morgan MG, Stevenson LY, et al. Outcome of cognitive-behavioral and support group brief therapies for depressed, HIV-infected persons. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1993;150(11):1679-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kenter, 2016",
          "ref": "Kenter, R. M. F., Cuijpers, P., Beekman, A., & van Straten, A. (2016). Effectiveness of a Web-based guided self-help intervention for outpatients with a depressive disorder: Short-term results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(3)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Korte, 2012",
          "ref": "Korte J, Bohlmeijer ET, Cappeliez P, Smit F, Westerhof GJ. Life review therapy for older adults with moderate depressive symptomatology: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(6):1163-73."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2014",
          "ref": "Kramer, J., Conijn, B., Oijevaar, P., & Riper, H. (2014). Effectiveness of a web-based solution-focused brief chat treatment for depressed adolescents and young adults: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res, 16(5), e141. doi:10.2196/jmir.3261"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2021",
          "ref": "Krämer, L. V., Grünzig, S. D., Baumeister, H., Ebert, D. D., & Bengel, J. (2021). Effectiveness of a Guided Web-Based Intervention to Reduce Depressive Symptoms before Outpatient Psychotherapy: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 90(4), 233-242. https://doi.org/10.1159/000515625"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lamers, 2015",
          "ref": "Lamers SMA, Bohlmeijer ET, Korte J, Westerhof GJ. The efficacy of life-review as online-guided self-help for adults: A randomized trial. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 2015; 70B(1): 24-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee, 2021",
          "ref": "Lee, E., Han, Y., Cha, Y. J., Oh, J. H., Hwang, N. R., Seo, H. J., & Choi, K. H. (2021). Community-Based Multi-Site Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation for Patients with Depressive Disorders [Article in Press]. Community mental health journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-021-00828-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Levin, 2011",
          "ref": "Levin W, Campbell DR, McGovern KB, Gau JM, Kosty DB, Seeley JR, et al. A computer-assisted depression intervention in primary care. Psychological Medicine. 2011;41(7):1373-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lintvedt, 2013",
          "ref": "Lintvedt OK, Griffiths KM, Sorensen K, ÿstvik AR, Wang CE, Eisemann M, et al. Evaluating the effectiveness and efficacy of unguided internet-based self-help intervention for the prevention of depression: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2013;20(1):10-27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Losada, 2015",
          "ref": "Losada A, Márquez-González M, Romero-Moreno R, Mausbach BT, López J, Fernández-Fernández V, et al. Cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for dementia family caregivers with significant depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(4):760-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "McCusker, 2021",
          "ref": "McCusker, J., Jones, J. M., Li, M., Faria, R., Yaffe, M. J., Lambert, S. D., Ciampi, A., Belzile, E., & de Raad, M. (2021). CanDirect: Effectiveness of a Telephone-Supported Depression Self-Care Intervention for Cancer Survivors. J Clin Oncol, 39(10), 1150-1161. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.20.01802"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennen, 2021",
          "ref": "Mennen, F. E., Palmer Molina, A., Monro, W. L., Duan, L., Stuart, S., & Sosna, T. (2021). Effectiveness of an Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) Group Depression Treatment for Head Start Mothers: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. J Affect Disord, 280(Pt B), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.074"
        },
        {
          "study": "Moskowitz, 2021",
          "ref": "Moskowitz, J. T., Addington, E. L., Shiu, E., Bassett, S. M., Schuette, S., Kwok, I., Freedman, M. E., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., Cohn, M. A., & Cheung, E. O. Facilitator Contact, Discussion Boards, and Virtual Badges as Adherence Enhancements to a Web-Based, Self-guided, Positive Psychological Intervention for Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 23(9), e25922."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nobis, 2015",
          "ref": "Nobis S, Lehr D, Ebert DD, Baumeister H, Snoek F, Riper H, et al. Efficacy of a web-based intervention with mobile phone support in treating depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(5):776-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pachankis, 2020",
          "ref": "Pachankis JE, McConocha EM, Clark KA, Wang K, Behari K, Fetzner BK, et al. A transdiagnostic minority stress intervention for gender diverse sexual minority women's depression, anxiety, and unhealthy alcohol use: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 2020;88(7):613-30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Penckofer, 2012",
          "ref": "Penckofer SM, Ferrans C, Mumby P, Byrn M, Emanuele MA, Harrison PR, et al. A psychoeducational intervention (SWEEP) for depressed women with diabetes. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2012;44(2):192-206."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pibernik-Okanovic, 2015",
          "ref": "Pibernik-Okanović M, Hermanns N, Ajduković D, Kos J, Prašek M, Šekerija M, Lovrenčić MV. Does treatment of subsyndromal depression improve depression-related and diabetes-related outcomes? A randomised controlled comparison of psychoeducation, physical exercise and enhanced treatment as usual. Trials. 2015 Jul 15;16:305."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pot, 2010",
          "ref": "Pot AM, Bohlmeijer ET, Onrust S, Melenhorst A-S, Veerbeek M, De Vries W. The impact of life review on depression in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2010;22(4):572-81."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pots, 2014",
          "ref": "Pots WTM, Meulenbeek PAM, Veehof MM, Klungers J, Bohlmeijer ET. The efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a public mental health intervention for adults with mild to moderate depressive symptomatology: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2014;9(10)."
        },
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          "study": "Pots, 2016",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Schuster, 2017",
          "ref": "Schuster, R., Leitner, I., Carlbring, P., & Laireiter, A.-R. (2017). Exploring blended group interventions for depression: randomised controlled feasibility study of a blended computer- and multimedia-supported psychoeducational group intervention for adults with depressive symptoms. Internet Interventions, 8, 63-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Serrano, 2004",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Tobin, 2017",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Unlu-Ince, 2013",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
          "ref": "van Luenen, S., Garnefski, N., Spinhoven, P., & Kraaij, V. (2018). Guided internet-based intervention for people with HIV and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial in the Netherlands. The lancet HIV, 5(9), e488-e497."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2017",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Torres, Á., Otero, P., Blanco, V., Díaz, O., & Estévez, L. E. (2017). Analysis of the components of a cognitive-behavioral intervention administered via conference call for preventing depression among non-professional caregivers: A pilot study. Aging Ment Health, 21(9), 938-946."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2020",
          "ref": "Vázquez FL, López L, Torres Á J, et al. Analysis of the Components of a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for the prevention of Depression Administered via Conference Call to Nonprofessional Caregivers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(6)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Blanco, V., Hita, I., Torres, Á. J., Otero, P., Páramo, M., & Salmerón, M. (2023). Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(18)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez-Gonzalez, 2013",
          "ref": "Vázquez González FL, Otero Otero P, Torres Iglesias A, Hermida Garcìa E, Blanco Seoane V, Dìaz Fernández O. A brief problem-solving indicated-prevention intervention for prevention of depression in nonprofessional caregivers. Psicothema. 2013;25(1):87-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vázquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., et al. (2023). \"Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial.\" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12(18). "
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker, 2014",
          "ref": "Walker JV, Lampropoulos GK. A comparison of self-help (homework) activities for mood enhancement: Results from a brief randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration. 2014;24(1):46-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Warmerdam, 2008",
          "ref": "Warmerdam L, Straten A, Twisk J, Riper H, Cuijpers P. Internet-based treatment for adults with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2008;10(4):e44."
        },
        {
          "study": "Westerhof, 2019",
          "ref": "Westerhof, G. J., Lamers, S. M. A., Postel, M. G., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2019). Online Therapy for Depressive Symptoms: An Evaluation of Counselor-Led and Peer-Supported Life Review Therapy. The Gerontologist, 59(1), 135-146. doi:10.1093/geront/gnx140"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wuthrich, 2013",
          "ref": "Wuthrich VM, Rapee RM. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behavioural therapy for comorbid anxiety and depression in older adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2013;51(12):779-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "van der Zanden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Zanden, R., Kramer, J., Gerrits, R., & Cuijpers, P. (2012). Effectiveness of an online group course for depression in adolescents and young adults: a randomized trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 14(3), e86."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 409,
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      "k": 33,
      "k_es": 45,
      "sd": 9.576,
      "lo": 8.332,
      "hi": 11.006,
      "tau2": 0.1614,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 4.305,
      "phi": 21.302,
      "i2": 98.2,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Baumgartner, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumgartner, C., Schaub, M. P., Wenger, A., Malischnig, D., Augsburger, M., Lehr, D., . . . Haug, S. (2021). \"Take Care of You\" - Efficacy of integrated, minimal-guidance, internet-based self-help for reducing co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression symptoms in adults: Results of a three-arm randomized controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Depend, 225, 108806. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108806"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2023",
          "ref": "Blanco V, Otero P, Vázquez FL. A pilot study for a smartphone app for the prevention of depression in non-professional caregivers. Aging Ment Health. 2023 Jan;27(1):166-175. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2056878. Epub 2022 Mar 30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2018",
          "ref": "Boele FW, Klein M, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for glioma patients with depressive symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of neuro-oncology 2018; 137(1): 191‐203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2021",
          "ref": "Boele, F. W., et al. (2021). \"The effects of SmartCare© on neuro-oncology family caregivers’ distress: a randomized controlled trial.\" Supportive Care in Cancer."
        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
        {
          "study": "Buntrock, 2015",
          "ref": "Buntrock C, Ebert D, Lehr D, Riper H, Smit F, Cuijpers P, et al. Effectiveness of a web-based cognitive behavioural intervention for subthreshold depression: Pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(6):348-58."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2014",
          "ref": "Ebert, D. D., Lehr, D., Boß, L., Riper, H., Cuijpers, P., Andersson, G., . . . Berking, M. (2014). Efficacy of an internet-based problem-solving training for teachers: results of a randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 582-596. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2018",
          "ref": "Ebert DD, Buntrock C, Lehr D, et al. Effectiveness of Web- and Mobile-Based Treatment of Subthreshold Depression With Adherence-Focused Guidance: a Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior therapy 2018; 49(1): 71‐83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Farrer, 2011",
          "ref": "Farrer L, Christensen H, Griffiths KM, Mackinnon A. Internet-based CBT for depression with and without telephone tracking in a national helpline: Randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e28099."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fledderus, 2012",
          "ref": "Fledderus M, Bohlmeijer ET, Pieterse ME, Schreurs KM. Acceptance and commitment therapy as guided self-help for psychological distress and positive mental health: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(3):485-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Geraedts, 2014",
          "ref": "Geraedts AS, Kleiboer AM, Wiezer NM, van Mechelen W, Cuijpers P. Short-term effects of a web-based guided self-help intervention for employees with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2014;16(5):e121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guo, 2020",
          "ref": "Guo Y, Hong YA, Cai W, et al. Effect of a WeChat-Based Intervention (Run4Love) on Depressive Symptoms Among People Living With HIV in China: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(2):e16715."
        },
        {
          "study": "Harrer, 2021",
          "ref": "Harrer, M., Apolinário-Hagen, J., Fritsche, L., Salewski, C., Zarski, A. C., Lehr, D., Baumeister, H., Cuijpers, P., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effect of an internet- and app-based stress intervention compared to online psychoeducation in university students with depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Internet Interventions, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100374"
        },
        {
          "study": "Joling, 2011",
          "ref": "Joling KJ, Hout HP, van't Veer-Tazelaar PJ, Horst HE, Cuijpers P, Ven PM, et al. How effective is bibliotherapy for very old adults with subthreshold depression? A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2011;19(3):256-65."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kenter, 2016",
          "ref": "Kenter, R. M. F., Cuijpers, P., Beekman, A., & van Straten, A. (2016). Effectiveness of a Web-based guided self-help intervention for outpatients with a depressive disorder: Short-term results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(3)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2021",
          "ref": "Krämer, L. V., Grünzig, S. D., Baumeister, H., Ebert, D. D., & Bengel, J. (2021). Effectiveness of a Guided Web-Based Intervention to Reduce Depressive Symptoms before Outpatient Psychotherapy: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 90(4), 233-242. https://doi.org/10.1159/000515625"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lamers, 2015",
          "ref": "Lamers SMA, Bohlmeijer ET, Korte J, Westerhof GJ. The efficacy of life-review as online-guided self-help for adults: A randomized trial. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 2015; 70B(1): 24-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levin, 2011",
          "ref": "Levin W, Campbell DR, McGovern KB, Gau JM, Kosty DB, Seeley JR, et al. A computer-assisted depression intervention in primary care. Psychological Medicine. 2011;41(7):1373-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lintvedt, 2013",
          "ref": "Lintvedt OK, Griffiths KM, Sorensen K, ÿstvik AR, Wang CE, Eisemann M, et al. Evaluating the effectiveness and efficacy of unguided internet-based self-help intervention for the prevention of depression: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2013;20(1):10-27."
        },
        {
          "study": "McCusker, 2021",
          "ref": "McCusker, J., Jones, J. M., Li, M., Faria, R., Yaffe, M. J., Lambert, S. D., Ciampi, A., Belzile, E., & de Raad, M. (2021). CanDirect: Effectiveness of a Telephone-Supported Depression Self-Care Intervention for Cancer Survivors. J Clin Oncol, 39(10), 1150-1161. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.20.01802"
        },
        {
          "study": "Moskowitz, 2021",
          "ref": "Moskowitz, J. T., Addington, E. L., Shiu, E., Bassett, S. M., Schuette, S., Kwok, I., Freedman, M. E., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., Cohn, M. A., & Cheung, E. O. Facilitator Contact, Discussion Boards, and Virtual Badges as Adherence Enhancements to a Web-Based, Self-guided, Positive Psychological Intervention for Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 23(9), e25922."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nobis, 2015",
          "ref": "Nobis S, Lehr D, Ebert DD, Baumeister H, Snoek F, Riper H, et al. Efficacy of a web-based intervention with mobile phone support in treating depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(5):776-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pots, 2016",
          "ref": "Pots WT, Fledderus M, Meulenbeek PA, ten Klooster PM, Schreurs KM, Bohlmeijer ET. Acceptance and commitment therapy as a web-based intervention for depressive symptoms: Randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2016;208(1):69-77."
        },
        {
          "study": "Roepke, 2015",
          "ref": "Roepke AM, Jaffee SR, Riffle OM, McGonigal J, Broome R, Maxwell B. Randomized controlled trial of SuperBetter, a smartphone-based/internet-based self-help tool to reduce depressive symptoms. Games for Health 2015-4(3): 235-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schlicker, 2020",
          "ref": "Schlicker S, Baumeister H, Buntrock C, et al. A web- And mobile-based intervention for comorbid, recurrent depression in patients with chronic back pain on sick leave (get.back): Pilot randomized controlled trial on feasibility, user satisfaction, and effectiveness. JMIR Mental Health. 2020;7(4)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Unlu-Ince, 2013",
          "ref": "Unlu Ince B, Cuijpers P, t Hof E, Ballegooijen W, Christensen H, Riper H. Internet-based, culturally sensitive, problem-solving therapy for Turkish migrants with depression: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2013;15(10):e227."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
          "ref": "van Luenen, S., Garnefski, N., Spinhoven, P., & Kraaij, V. (2018). Guided internet-based intervention for people with HIV and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial in the Netherlands. The lancet HIV, 5(9), e488-e497."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Blanco, V., Hita, I., Torres, Á. J., Otero, P., Páramo, M., & Salmerón, M. (2023). Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(18)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vázquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., et al. (2023). \"Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial.\" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12(18). "
        },
        {
          "study": "Warmerdam, 2008",
          "ref": "Warmerdam L, Straten A, Twisk J, Riper H, Cuijpers P. Internet-based treatment for adults with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2008;10(4):e44."
        },
        {
          "study": "Westerhof, 2019",
          "ref": "Westerhof, G. J., Lamers, S. M. A., Postel, M. G., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2019). Online Therapy for Depressive Symptoms: An Evaluation of Counselor-Led and Peer-Supported Life Review Therapy. The Gerontologist, 59(1), 135-146. doi:10.1093/geront/gnx140"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 410,
      "instr": "CES-D",
      "full": "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Format",
      "sgv": "Guided self-help",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 68,
      "k_es": 95,
      "sd": 9.193,
      "lo": 8.22,
      "hi": 10.281,
      "tau2": 0.1993,
      "tau2w": 0.011,
      "plo": 3.717,
      "phi": 22.739,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afonso, 2009",
          "ref": "Afonso, R., & Bueno, B. (2009). Efectos de un programa de reminiscencia sobre la sintomatología depresiva en una muestra de población mayor portuguesa. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 44(6), 317-322."
        },
        {
          "study": "Baumgartner, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumgartner, C., Schaub, M. P., Wenger, A., Malischnig, D., Augsburger, M., Lehr, D., . . . Haug, S. (2021). \"Take Care of You\" - Efficacy of integrated, minimal-guidance, internet-based self-help for reducing co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression symptoms in adults: Results of a three-arm randomized controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Depend, 225, 108806. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108806"
        },
        {
          "study": "Beeber, 2010",
          "ref": "Beeber LS, Holditch-Davis D, Perreira K, Schwartz TA, Lewis V, Blanchard H, et al. Short-term in-home intervention reduces depressive symptoms in Early Head Start Latina mothers of infants and toddlers. Research in Nursing and Health. 2010;33(1):60-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2023",
          "ref": "Blanco V, Otero P, Vázquez FL. A pilot study for a smartphone app for the prevention of depression in non-professional caregivers. Aging Ment Health. 2023 Jan;27(1):166-175. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2056878. Epub 2022 Mar 30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2018",
          "ref": "Boele FW, Klein M, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for glioma patients with depressive symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of neuro-oncology 2018; 137(1): 191‐203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2021",
          "ref": "Boele, F. W., et al. (2021). \"The effects of SmartCare© on neuro-oncology family caregivers’ distress: a randomized controlled trial.\" Supportive Care in Cancer."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bohlmeijer, 2011",
          "ref": "Bohlmeijer ET, Fledderus M, Rokx TA, Pieterse ME. Efficacy of an early intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy for adults with depressive symptomatology: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy. 2011;49(1):62-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bower, 2021",
          "ref": "Bower, J. E., Partridge, A. H., Wolff, A. C., Thorner, E. D., Irwin, M. R., Joffe, H., Petersen, L., Crespi, C. M., & Ganz, P. A. (2021, Nov 1). Targeting Depressive Symptoms in Younger Breast Cancer Survivors: The Pathways to Wellness Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness Meditation and Survivorship Education. J Clin Oncol, 39(31), 3473-3484. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.21.00279"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
        {
          "study": "Buntrock, 2015",
          "ref": "Buntrock C, Ebert D, Lehr D, Riper H, Smit F, Cuijpers P, et al. Effectiveness of a web-based cognitive behavioural intervention for subthreshold depression: Pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(6):348-58."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chesney, 2003",
          "ref": "Chesney MA, Chambers DB, Taylor JM, Johnson LM, Folkman S. Coping effectiveness training for men living with HIV: Results from a randomized clinical trial testing a group-based intervention. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2003;65(6):1038-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2014",
          "ref": "Ebert, D. D., Lehr, D., Boß, L., Riper, H., Cuijpers, P., Andersson, G., . . . Berking, M. (2014). Efficacy of an internet-based problem-solving training for teachers: results of a randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 582-596. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2018",
          "ref": "Ebert DD, Buntrock C, Lehr D, et al. Effectiveness of Web- and Mobile-Based Treatment of Subthreshold Depression With Adherence-Focused Guidance: a Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior therapy 2018; 49(1): 71‐83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ede, 2020",
          "ref": "Ede MO, Igbo JN, Eseadi C, et al. Effect of group cognitive behavioural therapy on depressive symptoms in a sample of college adolescents in Nigeria. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. 2020;38(3):306-318."
        },
        {
          "study": "Farrer, 2011",
          "ref": "Farrer L, Christensen H, Griffiths KM, Mackinnon A. Internet-based CBT for depression with and without telephone tracking in a national helpline: Randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e28099."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fledderus, 2012",
          "ref": "Fledderus M, Bohlmeijer ET, Pieterse ME, Schreurs KM. Acceptance and commitment therapy as guided self-help for psychological distress and positive mental health: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(3):485-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Geraedts, 2014",
          "ref": "Geraedts AS, Kleiboer AM, Wiezer NM, van Mechelen W, Cuijpers P. Short-term effects of a web-based guided self-help intervention for employees with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2014;16(5):e121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gitlin, 2013",
          "ref": "Gitlin LN, Harris LF, McCoy MC, Chernett NL, Pizzi LT, Jutkowitz E, et al. A home-based intervention to reduce depressive symptoms and improve quality of life in older African Americans: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;159(4):243-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guo, 2020",
          "ref": "Guo Y, Hong YA, Cai W, et al. Effect of a WeChat-Based Intervention (Run4Love) on Depressive Symptoms Among People Living With HIV in China: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(2):e16715."
        },
        {
          "study": "Haringsma, 2006",
          "ref": "Haringsma R, Engels G, Cuijpers P, Spinhoven P. Effectiveness of the Coping With Depression (CWD) course for older adults provided by the community-based mental health care system in the Netherlands: A randomized controlled field trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2006;18(02):307-25."
        },
        {
          "study": "Harrer, 2021",
          "ref": "Harrer, M., Apolinário-Hagen, J., Fritsche, L., Salewski, C., Zarski, A. C., Lehr, D., Baumeister, H., Cuijpers, P., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effect of an internet- and app-based stress intervention compared to online psychoeducation in university students with depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Internet Interventions, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100374"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heller, 2020",
          "ref": "Heller HM, Hoogendoorn AW, Honig A, Broekman BFP, van Straten A. The Effectiveness of a Guided Internet-Based Tool for the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety in Pregnancy (MamaKits Online): Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(3):e15172."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hermanns, 2015",
          "ref": "Hermanns N, Schmitt A, Gahr A, Herder C, Nowotny B, Roden M, et al. The effect of a diabetes-specific cognitive behavioral treatment program (DIAMOS) for patients with diabetes and subclinical depression: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(4):551-60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2016",
          "ref": "Huang, C.-Y., Lai, H.-L., Chen, C.-I., Lu, Y.-C., Li, S.-C., Wang, L.-W., & Su, Y. (2016). Effects of motivational enhancement therapy plus cognitive behaviour therapy on depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life in adults with type II diabetes mellitus: A randomised controlled trial. Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care & Rehabilitation, 25(5), 1275-1283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Joling, 2011",
          "ref": "Joling KJ, Hout HP, van't Veer-Tazelaar PJ, Horst HE, Cuijpers P, Ven PM, et al. How effective is bibliotherapy for very old adults with subthreshold depression? A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2011;19(3):256-65."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kelly, 1993",
          "ref": "Kelly JA, Murphy DA, Bahr GR, Kalichman SC, Morgan MG, Stevenson LY, et al. Outcome of cognitive-behavioral and support group brief therapies for depressed, HIV-infected persons. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1993;150(11):1679-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kenter, 2016",
          "ref": "Kenter, R. M. F., Cuijpers, P., Beekman, A., & van Straten, A. (2016). Effectiveness of a Web-based guided self-help intervention for outpatients with a depressive disorder: Short-term results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(3)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Korte, 2012",
          "ref": "Korte J, Bohlmeijer ET, Cappeliez P, Smit F, Westerhof GJ. Life review therapy for older adults with moderate depressive symptomatology: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(6):1163-73."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2014",
          "ref": "Kramer, J., Conijn, B., Oijevaar, P., & Riper, H. (2014). Effectiveness of a web-based solution-focused brief chat treatment for depressed adolescents and young adults: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res, 16(5), e141. doi:10.2196/jmir.3261"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2021",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Sun, 2022",
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        },
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          "study": "Tobin, 2017",
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "study": "Afonso, 2009",
          "ref": "Afonso, R., & Bueno, B. (2009). Efectos de un programa de reminiscencia sobre la sintomatología depresiva en una muestra de población mayor portuguesa. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 44(6), 317-322."
        },
        {
          "study": "Beeber, 2010",
          "ref": "Beeber LS, Holditch-Davis D, Perreira K, Schwartz TA, Lewis V, Blanchard H, et al. Short-term in-home intervention reduces depressive symptoms in Early Head Start Latina mothers of infants and toddlers. Research in Nursing and Health. 2010;33(1):60-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gitlin, 2013",
          "ref": "Gitlin LN, Harris LF, McCoy MC, Chernett NL, Pizzi LT, Jutkowitz E, et al. A home-based intervention to reduce depressive symptoms and improve quality of life in older African Americans: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;159(4):243-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Heller, 2020",
          "ref": "Heller HM, Hoogendoorn AW, Honig A, Broekman BFP, van Straten A. The Effectiveness of a Guided Internet-Based Tool for the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety in Pregnancy (MamaKits Online): Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(3):e15172."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Losada, 2015",
          "ref": "Losada A, Márquez-González M, Romero-Moreno R, Mausbach BT, López J, Fernández-Fernández V, et al. Cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for dementia family caregivers with significant depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(4):760-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pachankis, 2020",
          "ref": "Pachankis JE, McConocha EM, Clark KA, Wang K, Behari K, Fetzner BK, et al. A transdiagnostic minority stress intervention for gender diverse sexual minority women's depression, anxiety, and unhealthy alcohol use: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 2020;88(7):613-30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2016",
          "ref": "Safren SA, Bedoya CA, O'Cleirigh C, Biello KB, Pinkston MM, Stein MD, et al. Cognitive behavioural therapy for adherence and depression in patients with HIV: A three-arm randomised controlled trial. The Lancet HIV. 2016;3(11):e529-e38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2021",
          "ref": "Safren, S. A., O'Cleirigh, C., Andersen, L. S., Magidson, J. F., Lee, J. S., Bainter, S. A., . . . Joska, J. A. (2021). Treating depression and improving adherence in HIV care with task-shared cognitive behavioural therapy in Khayelitsha, South Africa: a randomized controlled trial. J Int AIDS Soc, 24(10), e25823. doi:10.1002/jia2.25823"
        },
        {
          "study": "Serrano, 2004",
          "ref": "Serrano JP, Latorre JM, Gatz M, Montanes J. Life review therapy using autobiographical retrieval practice for older adults with depressive symptomatology. Psychology and Aging. 2004;19(2):270-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 412,
      "instr": "CES-D",
      "full": "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale",
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      "sg": "Format",
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      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
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      "k_es": 95,
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      "tau2w": 0.011,
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      "phi": 22.739,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        }
      ]
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2014",
          "ref": "Kramer, J., Conijn, B., Oijevaar, P., & Riper, H. (2014). Effectiveness of a web-based solution-focused brief chat treatment for depressed adolescents and young adults: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res, 16(5), e141. doi:10.2196/jmir.3261"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tobin, 2017",
          "ref": "Tobin, K., Davey-Rothwell, M. A., Nonyane, B. A. S., Knowlton, A., Wissow, L., & Latkin, C. A. (2017). RCT of an integrated CBT-HIV intervention on depressive symptoms and HIV risk."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2017",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Torres, Á., Otero, P., Blanco, V., Díaz, O., & Estévez, L. E. (2017). Analysis of the components of a cognitive-behavioral intervention administered via conference call for preventing depression among non-professional caregivers: A pilot study. Aging Ment Health, 21(9), 938-946."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2020",
          "ref": "Vázquez FL, López L, Torres Á J, et al. Analysis of the Components of a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for the prevention of Depression Administered via Conference Call to Nonprofessional Caregivers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(6)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker, 2014",
          "ref": "Walker JV, Lampropoulos GK. A comparison of self-help (homework) activities for mood enhancement: Results from a brief randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration. 2014;24(1):46-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Westerhof, 2019",
          "ref": "Westerhof, G. J., Lamers, S. M. A., Postel, M. G., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2019). Online Therapy for Depressive Symptoms: An Evaluation of Counselor-Led and Peer-Supported Life Review Therapy. The Gerontologist, 59(1), 135-146. doi:10.1093/geront/gnx140"
        },
        {
          "study": "van der Zanden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Zanden, R., Kramer, J., Gerrits, R., & Cuijpers, P. (2012). Effectiveness of an online group course for depression in adolescents and young adults: a randomized trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 14(3), e86."
        }
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "CES-D",
      "full": "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Rating",
      "sgv": "Self-rated",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 68,
      "k_es": 95,
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      "tau2": 0.21,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.723,
      "phi": 22.752,
      "i2": 98.4,
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2023",
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Vázquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., et al. (2023). \"Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial.\" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12(18). "
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker, 2014",
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        },
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          "study": "Warmerdam, 2008",
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        },
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          "study": "Westerhof, 2019",
          "ref": "Westerhof, G. J., Lamers, S. M. A., Postel, M. G., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2019). Online Therapy for Depressive Symptoms: An Evaluation of Counselor-Led and Peer-Supported Life Review Therapy. The Gerontologist, 59(1), 135-146. doi:10.1093/geront/gnx140"
        },
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          "study": "Wuthrich, 2013",
          "ref": "Wuthrich VM, Rapee RM. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behavioural therapy for comorbid anxiety and depression in older adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2013;51(12):779-86."
        },
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        },
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          "study": "van der Zanden, 2012",
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
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      "refs": [
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        }
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          "ref": "Afonso, R., & Bueno, B. (2009). Efectos de un programa de reminiscencia sobre la sintomatología depresiva en una muestra de población mayor portuguesa. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 44(6), 317-322."
        },
        {
          "study": "Farrer, 2011",
          "ref": "Farrer L, Christensen H, Griffiths KM, Mackinnon A. Internet-based CBT for depression with and without telephone tracking in a national helpline: Randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e28099."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kenter, 2016",
          "ref": "Kenter, R. M. F., Cuijpers, P., Beekman, A., & van Straten, A. (2016). Effectiveness of a Web-based guided self-help intervention for outpatients with a depressive disorder: Short-term results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(3)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2021",
          "ref": "Krämer, L. V., Grünzig, S. D., Baumeister, H., Ebert, D. D., & Bengel, J. (2021). Effectiveness of a Guided Web-Based Intervention to Reduce Depressive Symptoms before Outpatient Psychotherapy: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 90(4), 233-242. https://doi.org/10.1159/000515625"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee, 2021",
          "ref": "Lee, E., Han, Y., Cha, Y. J., Oh, J. H., Hwang, N. R., Seo, H. J., & Choi, K. H. (2021). Community-Based Multi-Site Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation for Patients with Depressive Disorders [Article in Press]. Community mental health journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-021-00828-3"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
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          "study": "Mennen, 2021",
          "ref": "Mennen, F. E., Palmer Molina, A., Monro, W. L., Duan, L., Stuart, S., & Sosna, T. (2021). Effectiveness of an Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) Group Depression Treatment for Head Start Mothers: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. J Affect Disord, 280(Pt B), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.074"
        },
        {
          "study": "Moskowitz, 2021",
          "ref": "Moskowitz, J. T., Addington, E. L., Shiu, E., Bassett, S. M., Schuette, S., Kwok, I., Freedman, M. E., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., Cohn, M. A., & Cheung, E. O. Facilitator Contact, Discussion Boards, and Virtual Badges as Adherence Enhancements to a Web-Based, Self-guided, Positive Psychological Intervention for Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 23(9), e25922."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nobis, 2015",
          "ref": "Nobis S, Lehr D, Ebert DD, Baumeister H, Snoek F, Riper H, et al. Efficacy of a web-based intervention with mobile phone support in treating depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(5):776-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pachankis, 2020",
          "ref": "Pachankis JE, McConocha EM, Clark KA, Wang K, Behari K, Fetzner BK, et al. A transdiagnostic minority stress intervention for gender diverse sexual minority women's depression, anxiety, and unhealthy alcohol use: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 2020;88(7):613-30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Penckofer, 2012",
          "ref": "Penckofer SM, Ferrans C, Mumby P, Byrn M, Emanuele MA, Harrison PR, et al. A psychoeducational intervention (SWEEP) for depressed women with diabetes. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2012;44(2):192-206."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pibernik-Okanovic, 2015",
          "ref": "Pibernik-Okanović M, Hermanns N, Ajduković D, Kos J, Prašek M, Šekerija M, Lovrenčić MV. Does treatment of subsyndromal depression improve depression-related and diabetes-related outcomes? A randomised controlled comparison of psychoeducation, physical exercise and enhanced treatment as usual. Trials. 2015 Jul 15;16:305."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pot, 2010",
          "ref": "Pot AM, Bohlmeijer ET, Onrust S, Melenhorst A-S, Veerbeek M, De Vries W. The impact of life review on depression in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2010;22(4):572-81."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pots, 2014",
          "ref": "Pots WTM, Meulenbeek PAM, Veehof MM, Klungers J, Bohlmeijer ET. The efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a public mental health intervention for adults with mild to moderate depressive symptomatology: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2014;9(10)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pots, 2016",
          "ref": "Pots WT, Fledderus M, Meulenbeek PA, ten Klooster PM, Schreurs KM, Bohlmeijer ET. Acceptance and commitment therapy as a web-based intervention for depressive symptoms: Randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2016;208(1):69-77."
        },
        {
          "study": "Roepke, 2015",
          "ref": "Roepke AM, Jaffee SR, Riffle OM, McGonigal J, Broome R, Maxwell B. Randomized controlled trial of SuperBetter, a smartphone-based/internet-based self-help tool to reduce depressive symptoms. Games for Health 2015-4(3): 235-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2016",
          "ref": "Safren SA, Bedoya CA, O'Cleirigh C, Biello KB, Pinkston MM, Stein MD, et al. Cognitive behavioural therapy for adherence and depression in patients with HIV: A three-arm randomised controlled trial. The Lancet HIV. 2016;3(11):e529-e38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2021",
          "ref": "Safren, S. A., O'Cleirigh, C., Andersen, L. S., Magidson, J. F., Lee, J. S., Bainter, S. A., . . . Joska, J. A. (2021). Treating depression and improving adherence in HIV care with task-shared cognitive behavioural therapy in Khayelitsha, South Africa: a randomized controlled trial. J Int AIDS Soc, 24(10), e25823. doi:10.1002/jia2.25823"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schlicker, 2020",
          "ref": "Schlicker S, Baumeister H, Buntrock C, et al. A web- And mobile-based intervention for comorbid, recurrent depression in patients with chronic back pain on sick leave (get.back): Pilot randomized controlled trial on feasibility, user satisfaction, and effectiveness. JMIR Mental Health. 2020;7(4)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schuster, 2017",
          "ref": "Schuster, R., Leitner, I., Carlbring, P., & Laireiter, A.-R. (2017). Exploring blended group interventions for depression: randomised controlled feasibility study of a blended computer- and multimedia-supported psychoeducational group intervention for adults with depressive symptoms. Internet Interventions, 8, 63-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Serrano, 2004",
          "ref": "Serrano JP, Latorre JM, Gatz M, Montanes J. Life review therapy using autobiographical retrieval practice for older adults with depressive symptomatology. Psychology and Aging. 2004;19(2):270-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tobin, 2017",
          "ref": "Tobin, K., Davey-Rothwell, M. A., Nonyane, B. A. S., Knowlton, A., Wissow, L., & Latkin, C. A. (2017). RCT of an integrated CBT-HIV intervention on depressive symptoms and HIV risk."
        },
        {
          "study": "Unlu-Ince, 2013",
          "ref": "Unlu Ince B, Cuijpers P, t Hof E, Ballegooijen W, Christensen H, Riper H. Internet-based, culturally sensitive, problem-solving therapy for Turkish migrants with depression: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2013;15(10):e227."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
          "ref": "van Luenen, S., Garnefski, N., Spinhoven, P., & Kraaij, V. (2018). Guided internet-based intervention for people with HIV and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial in the Netherlands. The lancet HIV, 5(9), e488-e497."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2017",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Torres, Á., Otero, P., Blanco, V., Díaz, O., & Estévez, L. E. (2017). Analysis of the components of a cognitive-behavioral intervention administered via conference call for preventing depression among non-professional caregivers: A pilot study. Aging Ment Health, 21(9), 938-946."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2020",
          "ref": "Vázquez FL, López L, Torres Á J, et al. Analysis of the Components of a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for the prevention of Depression Administered via Conference Call to Nonprofessional Caregivers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(6)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Blanco, V., Hita, I., Torres, Á. J., Otero, P., Páramo, M., & Salmerón, M. (2023). Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(18)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez-Gonzalez, 2013",
          "ref": "Vázquez González FL, Otero Otero P, Torres Iglesias A, Hermida Garcìa E, Blanco Seoane V, Dìaz Fernández O. A brief problem-solving indicated-prevention intervention for prevention of depression in nonprofessional caregivers. Psicothema. 2013;25(1):87-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vázquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., et al. (2023). \"Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial.\" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12(18). "
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker, 2014",
          "ref": "Walker JV, Lampropoulos GK. A comparison of self-help (homework) activities for mood enhancement: Results from a brief randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration. 2014;24(1):46-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Warmerdam, 2008",
          "ref": "Warmerdam L, Straten A, Twisk J, Riper H, Cuijpers P. Internet-based treatment for adults with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2008;10(4):e44."
        },
        {
          "study": "Westerhof, 2019",
          "ref": "Westerhof, G. J., Lamers, S. M. A., Postel, M. G., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2019). Online Therapy for Depressive Symptoms: An Evaluation of Counselor-Led and Peer-Supported Life Review Therapy. The Gerontologist, 59(1), 135-146. doi:10.1093/geront/gnx140"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wuthrich, 2013",
          "ref": "Wuthrich VM, Rapee RM. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behavioural therapy for comorbid anxiety and depression in older adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2013;51(12):779-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "van der Zanden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Zanden, R., Kramer, J., Gerrits, R., & Cuijpers, P. (2012). Effectiveness of an online group course for depression in adolescents and young adults: a randomized trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 14(3), e86."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Baumgartner, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumgartner, C., Schaub, M. P., Wenger, A., Malischnig, D., Augsburger, M., Lehr, D., . . . Haug, S. (2021). \"Take Care of You\" - Efficacy of integrated, minimal-guidance, internet-based self-help for reducing co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression symptoms in adults: Results of a three-arm randomized controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Depend, 225, 108806. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108806"
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2018",
          "ref": "Boele FW, Klein M, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for glioma patients with depressive symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of neuro-oncology 2018; 137(1): 191‐203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bohlmeijer, 2011",
          "ref": "Bohlmeijer ET, Fledderus M, Rokx TA, Pieterse ME. Efficacy of an early intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy for adults with depressive symptomatology: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy. 2011;49(1):62-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
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          "study": "Buntrock, 2015",
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        },
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          "study": "Chesney, 2003",
          "ref": "Chesney MA, Chambers DB, Taylor JM, Johnson LM, Folkman S. Coping effectiveness training for men living with HIV: Results from a randomized clinical trial testing a group-based intervention. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2003;65(6):1038-46."
        },
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          "study": "Ebert, 2014",
          "ref": "Ebert, D. D., Lehr, D., Boß, L., Riper, H., Cuijpers, P., Andersson, G., . . . Berking, M. (2014). Efficacy of an internet-based problem-solving training for teachers: results of a randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 582-596. "
        },
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          "study": "Ebert, 2018",
          "ref": "Ebert DD, Buntrock C, Lehr D, et al. Effectiveness of Web- and Mobile-Based Treatment of Subthreshold Depression With Adherence-Focused Guidance: a Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior therapy 2018; 49(1): 71‐83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fledderus, 2012",
          "ref": "Fledderus M, Bohlmeijer ET, Pieterse ME, Schreurs KM. Acceptance and commitment therapy as guided self-help for psychological distress and positive mental health: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(3):485-95."
        },
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          "study": "Gitlin, 2013",
          "ref": "Gitlin LN, Harris LF, McCoy MC, Chernett NL, Pizzi LT, Jutkowitz E, et al. A home-based intervention to reduce depressive symptoms and improve quality of life in older African Americans: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;159(4):243-52."
        },
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          "study": "Haringsma, 2006",
          "ref": "Haringsma R, Engels G, Cuijpers P, Spinhoven P. Effectiveness of the Coping With Depression (CWD) course for older adults provided by the community-based mental health care system in the Netherlands: A randomized controlled field trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2006;18(02):307-25."
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Heller, 2020",
          "ref": "Heller HM, Hoogendoorn AW, Honig A, Broekman BFP, van Straten A. The Effectiveness of a Guided Internet-Based Tool for the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety in Pregnancy (MamaKits Online): Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(3):e15172."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kelly, 1993",
          "ref": "Kelly JA, Murphy DA, Bahr GR, Kalichman SC, Morgan MG, Stevenson LY, et al. Outcome of cognitive-behavioral and support group brief therapies for depressed, HIV-infected persons. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1993;150(11):1679-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Korte, 2012",
          "ref": "Korte J, Bohlmeijer ET, Cappeliez P, Smit F, Westerhof GJ. Life review therapy for older adults with moderate depressive symptomatology: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(6):1163-73."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2014",
          "ref": "Kramer, J., Conijn, B., Oijevaar, P., & Riper, H. (2014). Effectiveness of a web-based solution-focused brief chat treatment for depressed adolescents and young adults: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res, 16(5), e141. doi:10.2196/jmir.3261"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lamers, 2015",
          "ref": "Lamers SMA, Bohlmeijer ET, Korte J, Westerhof GJ. The efficacy of life-review as online-guided self-help for adults: A randomized trial. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 2015; 70B(1): 24-34."
        },
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          "study": "Lintvedt, 2013",
          "ref": "Lintvedt OK, Griffiths KM, Sorensen K, ÿstvik AR, Wang CE, Eisemann M, et al. Evaluating the effectiveness and efficacy of unguided internet-based self-help intervention for the prevention of depression: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2013;20(1):10-27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Losada, 2015",
          "ref": "Losada A, Márquez-González M, Romero-Moreno R, Mausbach BT, López J, Fernández-Fernández V, et al. Cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for dementia family caregivers with significant depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(4):760-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "McCusker, 2021",
          "ref": "McCusker, J., Jones, J. M., Li, M., Faria, R., Yaffe, M. J., Lambert, S. D., Ciampi, A., Belzile, E., & de Raad, M. (2021). CanDirect: Effectiveness of a Telephone-Supported Depression Self-Care Intervention for Cancer Survivors. J Clin Oncol, 39(10), 1150-1161. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.20.01802"
        },
        {
          "study": "Moskowitz, 2021",
          "ref": "Moskowitz, J. T., Addington, E. L., Shiu, E., Bassett, S. M., Schuette, S., Kwok, I., Freedman, M. E., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., Cohn, M. A., & Cheung, E. O. Facilitator Contact, Discussion Boards, and Virtual Badges as Adherence Enhancements to a Web-Based, Self-guided, Positive Psychological Intervention for Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 23(9), e25922."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nobis, 2015",
          "ref": "Nobis S, Lehr D, Ebert DD, Baumeister H, Snoek F, Riper H, et al. Efficacy of a web-based intervention with mobile phone support in treating depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(5):776-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pachankis, 2020",
          "ref": "Pachankis JE, McConocha EM, Clark KA, Wang K, Behari K, Fetzner BK, et al. A transdiagnostic minority stress intervention for gender diverse sexual minority women's depression, anxiety, and unhealthy alcohol use: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 2020;88(7):613-30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Penckofer, 2012",
          "ref": "Penckofer SM, Ferrans C, Mumby P, Byrn M, Emanuele MA, Harrison PR, et al. A psychoeducational intervention (SWEEP) for depressed women with diabetes. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2012;44(2):192-206."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pot, 2010",
          "ref": "Pot AM, Bohlmeijer ET, Onrust S, Melenhorst A-S, Veerbeek M, De Vries W. The impact of life review on depression in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2010;22(4):572-81."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pots, 2014",
          "ref": "Pots WTM, Meulenbeek PAM, Veehof MM, Klungers J, Bohlmeijer ET. The efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a public mental health intervention for adults with mild to moderate depressive symptomatology: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2014;9(10)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pots, 2016",
          "ref": "Pots WT, Fledderus M, Meulenbeek PA, ten Klooster PM, Schreurs KM, Bohlmeijer ET. Acceptance and commitment therapy as a web-based intervention for depressive symptoms: Randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2016;208(1):69-77."
        },
        {
          "study": "Roepke, 2015",
          "ref": "Roepke AM, Jaffee SR, Riffle OM, McGonigal J, Broome R, Maxwell B. Randomized controlled trial of SuperBetter, a smartphone-based/internet-based self-help tool to reduce depressive symptoms. Games for Health 2015-4(3): 235-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2016",
          "ref": "Safren SA, Bedoya CA, O'Cleirigh C, Biello KB, Pinkston MM, Stein MD, et al. Cognitive behavioural therapy for adherence and depression in patients with HIV: A three-arm randomised controlled trial. The Lancet HIV. 2016;3(11):e529-e38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schuster, 2017",
          "ref": "Schuster, R., Leitner, I., Carlbring, P., & Laireiter, A.-R. (2017). Exploring blended group interventions for depression: randomised controlled feasibility study of a blended computer- and multimedia-supported psychoeducational group intervention for adults with depressive symptoms. Internet Interventions, 8, 63-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tobin, 2017",
          "ref": "Tobin, K., Davey-Rothwell, M. A., Nonyane, B. A. S., Knowlton, A., Wissow, L., & Latkin, C. A. (2017). RCT of an integrated CBT-HIV intervention on depressive symptoms and HIV risk."
        },
        {
          "study": "Unlu-Ince, 2013",
          "ref": "Unlu Ince B, Cuijpers P, t Hof E, Ballegooijen W, Christensen H, Riper H. Internet-based, culturally sensitive, problem-solving therapy for Turkish migrants with depression: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2013;15(10):e227."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Blanco, V., Hita, I., Torres, Á. J., Otero, P., Páramo, M., & Salmerón, M. (2023). Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(18)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker, 2014",
          "ref": "Walker JV, Lampropoulos GK. A comparison of self-help (homework) activities for mood enhancement: Results from a brief randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration. 2014;24(1):46-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Warmerdam, 2008",
          "ref": "Warmerdam L, Straten A, Twisk J, Riper H, Cuijpers P. Internet-based treatment for adults with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2008;10(4):e44."
        },
        {
          "study": "Westerhof, 2019",
          "ref": "Westerhof, G. J., Lamers, S. M. A., Postel, M. G., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2019). Online Therapy for Depressive Symptoms: An Evaluation of Counselor-Led and Peer-Supported Life Review Therapy. The Gerontologist, 59(1), 135-146. doi:10.1093/geront/gnx140"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wuthrich, 2013",
          "ref": "Wuthrich VM, Rapee RM. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behavioural therapy for comorbid anxiety and depression in older adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2013;51(12):779-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "van der Zanden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Zanden, R., Kramer, J., Gerrits, R., & Cuijpers, P. (2012). Effectiveness of an online group course for depression in adolescents and young adults: a randomized trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 14(3), e86."
        }
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    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afonso, 2009",
          "ref": "Afonso, R., & Bueno, B. (2009). Efectos de un programa de reminiscencia sobre la sintomatología depresiva en una muestra de población mayor portuguesa. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 44(6), 317-322."
        },
        {
          "study": "Baumgartner, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumgartner, C., Schaub, M. P., Wenger, A., Malischnig, D., Augsburger, M., Lehr, D., . . . Haug, S. (2021). \"Take Care of You\" - Efficacy of integrated, minimal-guidance, internet-based self-help for reducing co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression symptoms in adults: Results of a three-arm randomized controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Depend, 225, 108806. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108806"
        },
        {
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 421,
      "instr": "CES-D",
      "full": "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Recruitment",
      "sgv": "Other",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 22,
      "k_es": 27,
      "sd": 9.298,
      "lo": 6.926,
      "hi": 12.482,
      "tau2": 0.4916,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 2.28,
      "phi": 37.91,
      "i2": 99.3,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Beeber, 2010",
          "ref": "Beeber LS, Holditch-Davis D, Perreira K, Schwartz TA, Lewis V, Blanchard H, et al. Short-term in-home intervention reduces depressive symptoms in Early Head Start Latina mothers of infants and toddlers. Research in Nursing and Health. 2010;33(1):60-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2023",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Hermanns, 2015",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        {
          "study": "Pibernik-Okanovic, 2015",
          "ref": "Pibernik-Okanović M, Hermanns N, Ajduković D, Kos J, Prašek M, Šekerija M, Lovrenčić MV. Does treatment of subsyndromal depression improve depression-related and diabetes-related outcomes? A randomised controlled comparison of psychoeducation, physical exercise and enhanced treatment as usual. Trials. 2015 Jul 15;16:305."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2021",
          "ref": "Safren, S. A., O'Cleirigh, C., Andersen, L. S., Magidson, J. F., Lee, J. S., Bainter, S. A., . . . Joska, J. A. (2021). Treating depression and improving adherence in HIV care with task-shared cognitive behavioural therapy in Khayelitsha, South Africa: a randomized controlled trial. J Int AIDS Soc, 24(10), e25823. doi:10.1002/jia2.25823"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schlicker, 2020",
          "ref": "Schlicker S, Baumeister H, Buntrock C, et al. A web- And mobile-based intervention for comorbid, recurrent depression in patients with chronic back pain on sick leave (get.back): Pilot randomized controlled trial on feasibility, user satisfaction, and effectiveness. JMIR Mental Health. 2020;7(4)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Serrano, 2004",
          "ref": "Serrano JP, Latorre JM, Gatz M, Montanes J. Life review therapy using autobiographical retrieval practice for older adults with depressive symptomatology. Psychology and Aging. 2004;19(2):270-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
          "ref": "van Luenen, S., Garnefski, N., Spinhoven, P., & Kraaij, V. (2018). Guided internet-based intervention for people with HIV and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial in the Netherlands. The lancet HIV, 5(9), e488-e497."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2017",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Torres, Á., Otero, P., Blanco, V., Díaz, O., & Estévez, L. E. (2017). Analysis of the components of a cognitive-behavioral intervention administered via conference call for preventing depression among non-professional caregivers: A pilot study. Aging Ment Health, 21(9), 938-946."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2020",
          "ref": "Vázquez FL, López L, Torres Á J, et al. Analysis of the Components of a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for the prevention of Depression Administered via Conference Call to Nonprofessional Caregivers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(6)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez-Gonzalez, 2013",
          "ref": "Vázquez González FL, Otero Otero P, Torres Iglesias A, Hermida Garcìa E, Blanco Seoane V, Dìaz Fernández O. A brief problem-solving indicated-prevention intervention for prevention of depression in nonprofessional caregivers. Psicothema. 2013;25(1):87-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vázquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., et al. (2023). \"Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial.\" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12(18). "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "CES-D",
      "full": "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Recruitment",
      "sgv": "Other",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 68,
      "k_es": 95,
      "sd": 9.193,
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      "tau2": 0.1993,
      "tau2w": 0.011,
      "plo": 3.717,
      "phi": 22.739,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Baumgartner, 2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Beeber, 2010",
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        },
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          "study": "Blanco, 2023",
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        },
        {
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        },
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          "study": "Boele, 2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Ede, 2020",
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          "study": "Geraedts, 2014",
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        },
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        },
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          "ref": "Harrer, M., Apolinário-Hagen, J., Fritsche, L., Salewski, C., Zarski, A. C., Lehr, D., Baumeister, H., Cuijpers, P., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effect of an internet- and app-based stress intervention compared to online psychoeducation in university students with depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Internet Interventions, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100374"
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Joling, 2011",
          "ref": "Joling KJ, Hout HP, van't Veer-Tazelaar PJ, Horst HE, Cuijpers P, Ven PM, et al. How effective is bibliotherapy for very old adults with subthreshold depression? A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2011;19(3):256-65."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kelly, 1993",
          "ref": "Kelly JA, Murphy DA, Bahr GR, Kalichman SC, Morgan MG, Stevenson LY, et al. Outcome of cognitive-behavioral and support group brief therapies for depressed, HIV-infected persons. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1993;150(11):1679-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kenter, 2016",
          "ref": "Kenter, R. M. F., Cuijpers, P., Beekman, A., & van Straten, A. (2016). Effectiveness of a Web-based guided self-help intervention for outpatients with a depressive disorder: Short-term results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(3)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Korte, 2012",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2014",
          "ref": "Kramer, J., Conijn, B., Oijevaar, P., & Riper, H. (2014). Effectiveness of a web-based solution-focused brief chat treatment for depressed adolescents and young adults: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res, 16(5), e141. doi:10.2196/jmir.3261"
        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Moskowitz, 2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Nobis, 2015",
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Schlicker, 2020",
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
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          "study": "Tobin, 2017",
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2017",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Torres, Á., Otero, P., Blanco, V., Díaz, O., & Estévez, L. E. (2017). Analysis of the components of a cognitive-behavioral intervention administered via conference call for preventing depression among non-professional caregivers: A pilot study. Aging Ment Health, 21(9), 938-946."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2020",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Vázquez, 2023",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "van der Zanden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Zanden, R., Kramer, J., Gerrits, R., & Cuijpers, P. (2012). Effectiveness of an online group course for depression in adolescents and young adults: a randomized trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 14(3), e86."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Baumgartner, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumgartner, C., Schaub, M. P., Wenger, A., Malischnig, D., Augsburger, M., Lehr, D., . . . Haug, S. (2021). \"Take Care of You\" - Efficacy of integrated, minimal-guidance, internet-based self-help for reducing co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression symptoms in adults: Results of a three-arm randomized controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Depend, 225, 108806. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108806"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2023",
          "ref": "Blanco V, Otero P, Vázquez FL. A pilot study for a smartphone app for the prevention of depression in non-professional caregivers. Aging Ment Health. 2023 Jan;27(1):166-175. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2056878. Epub 2022 Mar 30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2018",
          "ref": "Boele FW, Klein M, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for glioma patients with depressive symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of neuro-oncology 2018; 137(1): 191‐203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bohlmeijer, 2011",
          "ref": "Bohlmeijer ET, Fledderus M, Rokx TA, Pieterse ME. Efficacy of an early intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy for adults with depressive symptomatology: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy. 2011;49(1):62-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Buntrock, 2015",
          "ref": "Buntrock C, Ebert D, Lehr D, Riper H, Smit F, Cuijpers P, et al. Effectiveness of a web-based cognitive behavioural intervention for subthreshold depression: Pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(6):348-58."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2014",
          "ref": "Ebert, D. D., Lehr, D., Boß, L., Riper, H., Cuijpers, P., Andersson, G., . . . Berking, M. (2014). Efficacy of an internet-based problem-solving training for teachers: results of a randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 582-596. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2018",
          "ref": "Ebert DD, Buntrock C, Lehr D, et al. Effectiveness of Web- and Mobile-Based Treatment of Subthreshold Depression With Adherence-Focused Guidance: a Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior therapy 2018; 49(1): 71‐83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Farrer, 2011",
          "ref": "Farrer L, Christensen H, Griffiths KM, Mackinnon A. Internet-based CBT for depression with and without telephone tracking in a national helpline: Randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e28099."
        },
        {
          "study": "Geraedts, 2014",
          "ref": "Geraedts AS, Kleiboer AM, Wiezer NM, van Mechelen W, Cuijpers P. Short-term effects of a web-based guided self-help intervention for employees with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2014;16(5):e121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gitlin, 2013",
          "ref": "Gitlin LN, Harris LF, McCoy MC, Chernett NL, Pizzi LT, Jutkowitz E, et al. A home-based intervention to reduce depressive symptoms and improve quality of life in older African Americans: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;159(4):243-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guo, 2020",
          "ref": "Guo Y, Hong YA, Cai W, et al. Effect of a WeChat-Based Intervention (Run4Love) on Depressive Symptoms Among People Living With HIV in China: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(2):e16715."
        },
        {
          "study": "Harrer, 2021",
          "ref": "Harrer, M., Apolinário-Hagen, J., Fritsche, L., Salewski, C., Zarski, A. C., Lehr, D., Baumeister, H., Cuijpers, P., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effect of an internet- and app-based stress intervention compared to online psychoeducation in university students with depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Internet Interventions, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100374"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heller, 2020",
          "ref": "Heller HM, Hoogendoorn AW, Honig A, Broekman BFP, van Straten A. The Effectiveness of a Guided Internet-Based Tool for the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety in Pregnancy (MamaKits Online): Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(3):e15172."
        },
        {
          "study": "Joling, 2011",
          "ref": "Joling KJ, Hout HP, van't Veer-Tazelaar PJ, Horst HE, Cuijpers P, Ven PM, et al. How effective is bibliotherapy for very old adults with subthreshold depression? A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2011;19(3):256-65."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kenter, 2016",
          "ref": "Kenter, R. M. F., Cuijpers, P., Beekman, A., & van Straten, A. (2016). Effectiveness of a Web-based guided self-help intervention for outpatients with a depressive disorder: Short-term results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(3)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Korte, 2012",
          "ref": "Korte J, Bohlmeijer ET, Cappeliez P, Smit F, Westerhof GJ. Life review therapy for older adults with moderate depressive symptomatology: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(6):1163-73."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2014",
          "ref": "Kramer, J., Conijn, B., Oijevaar, P., & Riper, H. (2014). Effectiveness of a web-based solution-focused brief chat treatment for depressed adolescents and young adults: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res, 16(5), e141. doi:10.2196/jmir.3261"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lamers, 2015",
          "ref": "Lamers SMA, Bohlmeijer ET, Korte J, Westerhof GJ. The efficacy of life-review as online-guided self-help for adults: A randomized trial. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 2015; 70B(1): 24-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee, 2021",
          "ref": "Lee, E., Han, Y., Cha, Y. J., Oh, J. H., Hwang, N. R., Seo, H. J., & Choi, K. H. (2021). Community-Based Multi-Site Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation for Patients with Depressive Disorders [Article in Press]. Community mental health journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-021-00828-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pibernik-Okanovic, 2015",
          "ref": "Pibernik-Okanović M, Hermanns N, Ajduković D, Kos J, Prašek M, Šekerija M, Lovrenčić MV. Does treatment of subsyndromal depression improve depression-related and diabetes-related outcomes? A randomised controlled comparison of psychoeducation, physical exercise and enhanced treatment as usual. Trials. 2015 Jul 15;16:305."
        },
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          "study": "Pots, 2014",
          "ref": "Pots WTM, Meulenbeek PAM, Veehof MM, Klungers J, Bohlmeijer ET. The efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a public mental health intervention for adults with mild to moderate depressive symptomatology: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2014;9(10)."
        },
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          "study": "Pots, 2016",
          "ref": "Pots WT, Fledderus M, Meulenbeek PA, ten Klooster PM, Schreurs KM, Bohlmeijer ET. Acceptance and commitment therapy as a web-based intervention for depressive symptoms: Randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2016;208(1):69-77."
        },
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          "study": "Roepke, 2015",
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        },
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          "study": "Schlicker, 2020",
          "ref": "Schlicker S, Baumeister H, Buntrock C, et al. A web- And mobile-based intervention for comorbid, recurrent depression in patients with chronic back pain on sick leave (get.back): Pilot randomized controlled trial on feasibility, user satisfaction, and effectiveness. JMIR Mental Health. 2020;7(4)."
        },
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          "study": "Tobin, 2017",
          "ref": "Tobin, K., Davey-Rothwell, M. A., Nonyane, B. A. S., Knowlton, A., Wissow, L., & Latkin, C. A. (2017). RCT of an integrated CBT-HIV intervention on depressive symptoms and HIV risk."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
          "ref": "van Luenen, S., Garnefski, N., Spinhoven, P., & Kraaij, V. (2018). Guided internet-based intervention for people with HIV and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial in the Netherlands. The lancet HIV, 5(9), e488-e497."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2017",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Torres, Á., Otero, P., Blanco, V., Díaz, O., & Estévez, L. E. (2017). Analysis of the components of a cognitive-behavioral intervention administered via conference call for preventing depression among non-professional caregivers: A pilot study. Aging Ment Health, 21(9), 938-946."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2020",
          "ref": "Vázquez FL, López L, Torres Á J, et al. Analysis of the Components of a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for the prevention of Depression Administered via Conference Call to Nonprofessional Caregivers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(6)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Blanco, V., Hita, I., Torres, Á. J., Otero, P., Páramo, M., & Salmerón, M. (2023). Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(18)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vázquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., et al. (2023). \"Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial.\" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12(18). "
        },
        {
          "study": "Warmerdam, 2008",
          "ref": "Warmerdam L, Straten A, Twisk J, Riper H, Cuijpers P. Internet-based treatment for adults with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2008;10(4):e44."
        },
        {
          "study": "Westerhof, 2019",
          "ref": "Westerhof, G. J., Lamers, S. M. A., Postel, M. G., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2019). Online Therapy for Depressive Symptoms: An Evaluation of Counselor-Led and Peer-Supported Life Review Therapy. The Gerontologist, 59(1), 135-146. doi:10.1093/geront/gnx140"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "van der Zanden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Zanden, R., Kramer, J., Gerrits, R., & Cuijpers, P. (2012). Effectiveness of an online group course for depression in adolescents and young adults: a randomized trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 14(3), e86."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 424,
      "instr": "CES-D",
      "full": "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Low risk of bias",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 68,
      "k_es": 95,
      "sd": 9.193,
      "lo": 8.22,
      "hi": 10.281,
      "tau2": 0.1993,
      "tau2w": 0.011,
      "plo": 3.717,
      "phi": 22.739,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
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          "study": "Baumgartner, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumgartner, C., Schaub, M. P., Wenger, A., Malischnig, D., Augsburger, M., Lehr, D., . . . Haug, S. (2021). \"Take Care of You\" - Efficacy of integrated, minimal-guidance, internet-based self-help for reducing co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression symptoms in adults: Results of a three-arm randomized controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Depend, 225, 108806. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108806"
        },
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          "study": "Beeber, 2010",
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        },
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          "study": "Blanco, 2023",
          "ref": "Blanco V, Otero P, Vázquez FL. A pilot study for a smartphone app for the prevention of depression in non-professional caregivers. Aging Ment Health. 2023 Jan;27(1):166-175. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2056878. Epub 2022 Mar 30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2018",
          "ref": "Boele FW, Klein M, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for glioma patients with depressive symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of neuro-oncology 2018; 137(1): 191‐203."
        },
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          "study": "Boele, 2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Ebert, 2018",
          "ref": "Ebert DD, Buntrock C, Lehr D, et al. Effectiveness of Web- and Mobile-Based Treatment of Subthreshold Depression With Adherence-Focused Guidance: a Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior therapy 2018; 49(1): 71‐83."
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        },
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          "study": "Fledderus, 2012",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Geraedts, 2014",
          "ref": "Geraedts AS, Kleiboer AM, Wiezer NM, van Mechelen W, Cuijpers P. Short-term effects of a web-based guided self-help intervention for employees with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2014;16(5):e121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gitlin, 2013",
          "ref": "Gitlin LN, Harris LF, McCoy MC, Chernett NL, Pizzi LT, Jutkowitz E, et al. A home-based intervention to reduce depressive symptoms and improve quality of life in older African Americans: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;159(4):243-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guo, 2020",
          "ref": "Guo Y, Hong YA, Cai W, et al. Effect of a WeChat-Based Intervention (Run4Love) on Depressive Symptoms Among People Living With HIV in China: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(2):e16715."
        },
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        },
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          "ref": "Harrer, M., Apolinário-Hagen, J., Fritsche, L., Salewski, C., Zarski, A. C., Lehr, D., Baumeister, H., Cuijpers, P., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effect of an internet- and app-based stress intervention compared to online psychoeducation in university students with depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Internet Interventions, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100374"
        },
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          "study": "Heller, 2020",
          "ref": "Heller HM, Hoogendoorn AW, Honig A, Broekman BFP, van Straten A. The Effectiveness of a Guided Internet-Based Tool for the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety in Pregnancy (MamaKits Online): Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(3):e15172."
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Kramer, 2014",
          "ref": "Kramer, J., Conijn, B., Oijevaar, P., & Riper, H. (2014). Effectiveness of a web-based solution-focused brief chat treatment for depressed adolescents and young adults: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res, 16(5), e141. doi:10.2196/jmir.3261"
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        },
        {
          "study": "Mennen, 2021",
          "ref": "Mennen, F. E., Palmer Molina, A., Monro, W. L., Duan, L., Stuart, S., & Sosna, T. (2021). Effectiveness of an Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) Group Depression Treatment for Head Start Mothers: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. J Affect Disord, 280(Pt B), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.074"
        },
        {
          "study": "Moskowitz, 2021",
          "ref": "Moskowitz, J. T., Addington, E. L., Shiu, E., Bassett, S. M., Schuette, S., Kwok, I., Freedman, M. E., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., Cohn, M. A., & Cheung, E. O. Facilitator Contact, Discussion Boards, and Virtual Badges as Adherence Enhancements to a Web-Based, Self-guided, Positive Psychological Intervention for Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 23(9), e25922."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nobis, 2015",
          "ref": "Nobis S, Lehr D, Ebert DD, Baumeister H, Snoek F, Riper H, et al. Efficacy of a web-based intervention with mobile phone support in treating depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(5):776-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pachankis, 2020",
          "ref": "Pachankis JE, McConocha EM, Clark KA, Wang K, Behari K, Fetzner BK, et al. A transdiagnostic minority stress intervention for gender diverse sexual minority women's depression, anxiety, and unhealthy alcohol use: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 2020;88(7):613-30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Penckofer, 2012",
          "ref": "Penckofer SM, Ferrans C, Mumby P, Byrn M, Emanuele MA, Harrison PR, et al. A psychoeducational intervention (SWEEP) for depressed women with diabetes. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2012;44(2):192-206."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pibernik-Okanovic, 2015",
          "ref": "Pibernik-Okanović M, Hermanns N, Ajduković D, Kos J, Prašek M, Šekerija M, Lovrenčić MV. Does treatment of subsyndromal depression improve depression-related and diabetes-related outcomes? A randomised controlled comparison of psychoeducation, physical exercise and enhanced treatment as usual. Trials. 2015 Jul 15;16:305."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pot, 2010",
          "ref": "Pot AM, Bohlmeijer ET, Onrust S, Melenhorst A-S, Veerbeek M, De Vries W. The impact of life review on depression in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2010;22(4):572-81."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pots, 2014",
          "ref": "Pots WTM, Meulenbeek PAM, Veehof MM, Klungers J, Bohlmeijer ET. The efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a public mental health intervention for adults with mild to moderate depressive symptomatology: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2014;9(10)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pots, 2016",
          "ref": "Pots WT, Fledderus M, Meulenbeek PA, ten Klooster PM, Schreurs KM, Bohlmeijer ET. Acceptance and commitment therapy as a web-based intervention for depressive symptoms: Randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2016;208(1):69-77."
        },
        {
          "study": "Roepke, 2015",
          "ref": "Roepke AM, Jaffee SR, Riffle OM, McGonigal J, Broome R, Maxwell B. Randomized controlled trial of SuperBetter, a smartphone-based/internet-based self-help tool to reduce depressive symptoms. Games for Health 2015-4(3): 235-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2016",
          "ref": "Safren SA, Bedoya CA, O'Cleirigh C, Biello KB, Pinkston MM, Stein MD, et al. Cognitive behavioural therapy for adherence and depression in patients with HIV: A three-arm randomised controlled trial. The Lancet HIV. 2016;3(11):e529-e38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2021",
          "ref": "Safren, S. A., O'Cleirigh, C., Andersen, L. S., Magidson, J. F., Lee, J. S., Bainter, S. A., . . . Joska, J. A. (2021). Treating depression and improving adherence in HIV care with task-shared cognitive behavioural therapy in Khayelitsha, South Africa: a randomized controlled trial. J Int AIDS Soc, 24(10), e25823. doi:10.1002/jia2.25823"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schlicker, 2020",
          "ref": "Schlicker S, Baumeister H, Buntrock C, et al. A web- And mobile-based intervention for comorbid, recurrent depression in patients with chronic back pain on sick leave (get.back): Pilot randomized controlled trial on feasibility, user satisfaction, and effectiveness. JMIR Mental Health. 2020;7(4)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schuster, 2017",
          "ref": "Schuster, R., Leitner, I., Carlbring, P., & Laireiter, A.-R. (2017). Exploring blended group interventions for depression: randomised controlled feasibility study of a blended computer- and multimedia-supported psychoeducational group intervention for adults with depressive symptoms. Internet Interventions, 8, 63-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Serrano, 2004",
          "ref": "Serrano JP, Latorre JM, Gatz M, Montanes J. Life review therapy using autobiographical retrieval practice for older adults with depressive symptomatology. Psychology and Aging. 2004;19(2):270-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tobin, 2017",
          "ref": "Tobin, K., Davey-Rothwell, M. A., Nonyane, B. A. S., Knowlton, A., Wissow, L., & Latkin, C. A. (2017). RCT of an integrated CBT-HIV intervention on depressive symptoms and HIV risk."
        },
        {
          "study": "Unlu-Ince, 2013",
          "ref": "Unlu Ince B, Cuijpers P, t Hof E, Ballegooijen W, Christensen H, Riper H. Internet-based, culturally sensitive, problem-solving therapy for Turkish migrants with depression: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2013;15(10):e227."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
          "ref": "van Luenen, S., Garnefski, N., Spinhoven, P., & Kraaij, V. (2018). Guided internet-based intervention for people with HIV and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial in the Netherlands. The lancet HIV, 5(9), e488-e497."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2017",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Torres, Á., Otero, P., Blanco, V., Díaz, O., & Estévez, L. E. (2017). Analysis of the components of a cognitive-behavioral intervention administered via conference call for preventing depression among non-professional caregivers: A pilot study. Aging Ment Health, 21(9), 938-946."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2020",
          "ref": "Vázquez FL, López L, Torres Á J, et al. Analysis of the Components of a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for the prevention of Depression Administered via Conference Call to Nonprofessional Caregivers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(6)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Blanco, V., Hita, I., Torres, Á. J., Otero, P., Páramo, M., & Salmerón, M. (2023). Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(18)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez-Gonzalez, 2013",
          "ref": "Vázquez González FL, Otero Otero P, Torres Iglesias A, Hermida Garcìa E, Blanco Seoane V, Dìaz Fernández O. A brief problem-solving indicated-prevention intervention for prevention of depression in nonprofessional caregivers. Psicothema. 2013;25(1):87-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vázquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., et al. (2023). \"Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial.\" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12(18). "
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker, 2014",
          "ref": "Walker JV, Lampropoulos GK. A comparison of self-help (homework) activities for mood enhancement: Results from a brief randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration. 2014;24(1):46-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Warmerdam, 2008",
          "ref": "Warmerdam L, Straten A, Twisk J, Riper H, Cuijpers P. Internet-based treatment for adults with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2008;10(4):e44."
        },
        {
          "study": "Westerhof, 2019",
          "ref": "Westerhof, G. J., Lamers, S. M. A., Postel, M. G., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2019). Online Therapy for Depressive Symptoms: An Evaluation of Counselor-Led and Peer-Supported Life Review Therapy. The Gerontologist, 59(1), 135-146. doi:10.1093/geront/gnx140"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wuthrich, 2013",
          "ref": "Wuthrich VM, Rapee RM. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behavioural therapy for comorbid anxiety and depression in older adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2013;51(12):779-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "van der Zanden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Zanden, R., Kramer, J., Gerrits, R., & Cuijpers, P. (2012). Effectiveness of an online group course for depression in adolescents and young adults: a randomized trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 14(3), e86."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 425,
      "instr": "CES-D",
      "full": "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Not low risk of bias",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 34,
      "k_es": 49,
      "sd": 9.742,
      "lo": 8.028,
      "hi": 11.823,
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      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.13,
      "phi": 30.323,
      "i2": 98.8,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afonso, 2009",
          "ref": "Afonso, R., & Bueno, B. (2009). Efectos de un programa de reminiscencia sobre la sintomatología depresiva en una muestra de población mayor portuguesa. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 44(6), 317-322."
        },
        {
          "study": "Beeber, 2010",
          "ref": "Beeber LS, Holditch-Davis D, Perreira K, Schwartz TA, Lewis V, Blanchard H, et al. Short-term in-home intervention reduces depressive symptoms in Early Head Start Latina mothers of infants and toddlers. Research in Nursing and Health. 2010;33(1):60-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2021",
          "ref": "Boele, F. W., et al. (2021). \"The effects of SmartCare© on neuro-oncology family caregivers’ distress: a randomized controlled trial.\" Supportive Care in Cancer."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bower, 2021",
          "ref": "Bower, J. E., Partridge, A. H., Wolff, A. C., Thorner, E. D., Irwin, M. R., Joffe, H., Petersen, L., Crespi, C. M., & Ganz, P. A. (2021, Nov 1). Targeting Depressive Symptoms in Younger Breast Cancer Survivors: The Pathways to Wellness Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness Meditation and Survivorship Education. J Clin Oncol, 39(31), 3473-3484. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.21.00279"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chesney, 2003",
          "ref": "Chesney MA, Chambers DB, Taylor JM, Johnson LM, Folkman S. Coping effectiveness training for men living with HIV: Results from a randomized clinical trial testing a group-based intervention. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2003;65(6):1038-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ede, 2020",
          "ref": "Ede MO, Igbo JN, Eseadi C, et al. Effect of group cognitive behavioural therapy on depressive symptoms in a sample of college adolescents in Nigeria. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. 2020;38(3):306-318."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fledderus, 2012",
          "ref": "Fledderus M, Bohlmeijer ET, Pieterse ME, Schreurs KM. Acceptance and commitment therapy as guided self-help for psychological distress and positive mental health: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(3):485-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Haringsma, 2006",
          "ref": "Haringsma R, Engels G, Cuijpers P, Spinhoven P. Effectiveness of the Coping With Depression (CWD) course for older adults provided by the community-based mental health care system in the Netherlands: A randomized controlled field trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2006;18(02):307-25."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hermanns, 2015",
          "ref": "Hermanns N, Schmitt A, Gahr A, Herder C, Nowotny B, Roden M, et al. The effect of a diabetes-specific cognitive behavioral treatment program (DIAMOS) for patients with diabetes and subclinical depression: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(4):551-60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2016",
          "ref": "Huang, C.-Y., Lai, H.-L., Chen, C.-I., Lu, Y.-C., Li, S.-C., Wang, L.-W., & Su, Y. (2016). Effects of motivational enhancement therapy plus cognitive behaviour therapy on depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life in adults with type II diabetes mellitus: A randomised controlled trial. Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care & Rehabilitation, 25(5), 1275-1283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kelly, 1993",
          "ref": "Kelly JA, Murphy DA, Bahr GR, Kalichman SC, Morgan MG, Stevenson LY, et al. Outcome of cognitive-behavioral and support group brief therapies for depressed, HIV-infected persons. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1993;150(11):1679-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2021",
          "ref": "Krämer, L. V., Grünzig, S. D., Baumeister, H., Ebert, D. D., & Bengel, J. (2021). Effectiveness of a Guided Web-Based Intervention to Reduce Depressive Symptoms before Outpatient Psychotherapy: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 90(4), 233-242. https://doi.org/10.1159/000515625"
        },
        {
          "study": "Levin, 2011",
          "ref": "Levin W, Campbell DR, McGovern KB, Gau JM, Kosty DB, Seeley JR, et al. A computer-assisted depression intervention in primary care. Psychological Medicine. 2011;41(7):1373-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lintvedt, 2013",
          "ref": "Lintvedt OK, Griffiths KM, Sorensen K, ÿstvik AR, Wang CE, Eisemann M, et al. Evaluating the effectiveness and efficacy of unguided internet-based self-help intervention for the prevention of depression: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2013;20(1):10-27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Losada, 2015",
          "ref": "Losada A, Márquez-González M, Romero-Moreno R, Mausbach BT, López J, Fernández-Fernández V, et al. Cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for dementia family caregivers with significant depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(4):760-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "McCusker, 2021",
          "ref": "McCusker, J., Jones, J. M., Li, M., Faria, R., Yaffe, M. J., Lambert, S. D., Ciampi, A., Belzile, E., & de Raad, M. (2021). CanDirect: Effectiveness of a Telephone-Supported Depression Self-Care Intervention for Cancer Survivors. J Clin Oncol, 39(10), 1150-1161. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.20.01802"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennen, 2021",
          "ref": "Mennen, F. E., Palmer Molina, A., Monro, W. L., Duan, L., Stuart, S., & Sosna, T. (2021). Effectiveness of an Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) Group Depression Treatment for Head Start Mothers: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. J Affect Disord, 280(Pt B), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.074"
        },
        {
          "study": "Moskowitz, 2021",
          "ref": "Moskowitz, J. T., Addington, E. L., Shiu, E., Bassett, S. M., Schuette, S., Kwok, I., Freedman, M. E., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., Cohn, M. A., & Cheung, E. O. Facilitator Contact, Discussion Boards, and Virtual Badges as Adherence Enhancements to a Web-Based, Self-guided, Positive Psychological Intervention for Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 23(9), e25922."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nobis, 2015",
          "ref": "Nobis S, Lehr D, Ebert DD, Baumeister H, Snoek F, Riper H, et al. Efficacy of a web-based intervention with mobile phone support in treating depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(5):776-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pachankis, 2020",
          "ref": "Pachankis JE, McConocha EM, Clark KA, Wang K, Behari K, Fetzner BK, et al. A transdiagnostic minority stress intervention for gender diverse sexual minority women's depression, anxiety, and unhealthy alcohol use: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 2020;88(7):613-30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Penckofer, 2012",
          "ref": "Penckofer SM, Ferrans C, Mumby P, Byrn M, Emanuele MA, Harrison PR, et al. A psychoeducational intervention (SWEEP) for depressed women with diabetes. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2012;44(2):192-206."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pot, 2010",
          "ref": "Pot AM, Bohlmeijer ET, Onrust S, Melenhorst A-S, Veerbeek M, De Vries W. The impact of life review on depression in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2010;22(4):572-81."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2016",
          "ref": "Safren SA, Bedoya CA, O'Cleirigh C, Biello KB, Pinkston MM, Stein MD, et al. Cognitive behavioural therapy for adherence and depression in patients with HIV: A three-arm randomised controlled trial. The Lancet HIV. 2016;3(11):e529-e38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2021",
          "ref": "Safren, S. A., O'Cleirigh, C., Andersen, L. S., Magidson, J. F., Lee, J. S., Bainter, S. A., . . . Joska, J. A. (2021). Treating depression and improving adherence in HIV care with task-shared cognitive behavioural therapy in Khayelitsha, South Africa: a randomized controlled trial. J Int AIDS Soc, 24(10), e25823. doi:10.1002/jia2.25823"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schuster, 2017",
          "ref": "Schuster, R., Leitner, I., Carlbring, P., & Laireiter, A.-R. (2017). Exploring blended group interventions for depression: randomised controlled feasibility study of a blended computer- and multimedia-supported psychoeducational group intervention for adults with depressive symptoms. Internet Interventions, 8, 63-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Serrano, 2004",
          "ref": "Serrano JP, Latorre JM, Gatz M, Montanes J. Life review therapy using autobiographical retrieval practice for older adults with depressive symptomatology. Psychology and Aging. 2004;19(2):270-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Unlu-Ince, 2013",
          "ref": "Unlu Ince B, Cuijpers P, t Hof E, Ballegooijen W, Christensen H, Riper H. Internet-based, culturally sensitive, problem-solving therapy for Turkish migrants with depression: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2013;15(10):e227."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez-Gonzalez, 2013",
          "ref": "Vázquez González FL, Otero Otero P, Torres Iglesias A, Hermida Garcìa E, Blanco Seoane V, Dìaz Fernández O. A brief problem-solving indicated-prevention intervention for prevention of depression in nonprofessional caregivers. Psicothema. 2013;25(1):87-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker, 2014",
          "ref": "Walker JV, Lampropoulos GK. A comparison of self-help (homework) activities for mood enhancement: Results from a brief randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration. 2014;24(1):46-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wuthrich, 2013",
          "ref": "Wuthrich VM, Rapee RM. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behavioural therapy for comorbid anxiety and depression in older adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2013;51(12):779-86."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 426,
      "instr": "CES-D",
      "full": "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Not low risk of bias",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 68,
      "k_es": 95,
      "sd": 9.193,
      "lo": 8.22,
      "hi": 10.281,
      "tau2": 0.1993,
      "tau2w": 0.011,
      "plo": 3.717,
      "phi": 22.739,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afonso, 2009",
          "ref": "Afonso, R., & Bueno, B. (2009). Efectos de un programa de reminiscencia sobre la sintomatología depresiva en una muestra de población mayor portuguesa. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 44(6), 317-322."
        },
        {
          "study": "Baumgartner, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumgartner, C., Schaub, M. P., Wenger, A., Malischnig, D., Augsburger, M., Lehr, D., . . . Haug, S. (2021). \"Take Care of You\" - Efficacy of integrated, minimal-guidance, internet-based self-help for reducing co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression symptoms in adults: Results of a three-arm randomized controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Depend, 225, 108806. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108806"
        },
        {
          "study": "Beeber, 2010",
          "ref": "Beeber LS, Holditch-Davis D, Perreira K, Schwartz TA, Lewis V, Blanchard H, et al. Short-term in-home intervention reduces depressive symptoms in Early Head Start Latina mothers of infants and toddlers. Research in Nursing and Health. 2010;33(1):60-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2023",
          "ref": "Blanco V, Otero P, Vázquez FL. A pilot study for a smartphone app for the prevention of depression in non-professional caregivers. Aging Ment Health. 2023 Jan;27(1):166-175. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2056878. Epub 2022 Mar 30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2018",
          "ref": "Boele FW, Klein M, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for glioma patients with depressive symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of neuro-oncology 2018; 137(1): 191‐203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2021",
          "ref": "Boele, F. W., et al. (2021). \"The effects of SmartCare© on neuro-oncology family caregivers’ distress: a randomized controlled trial.\" Supportive Care in Cancer."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bohlmeijer, 2011",
          "ref": "Bohlmeijer ET, Fledderus M, Rokx TA, Pieterse ME. Efficacy of an early intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy for adults with depressive symptomatology: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy. 2011;49(1):62-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bower, 2021",
          "ref": "Bower, J. E., Partridge, A. H., Wolff, A. C., Thorner, E. D., Irwin, M. R., Joffe, H., Petersen, L., Crespi, C. M., & Ganz, P. A. (2021, Nov 1). Targeting Depressive Symptoms in Younger Breast Cancer Survivors: The Pathways to Wellness Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness Meditation and Survivorship Education. J Clin Oncol, 39(31), 3473-3484. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.21.00279"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
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        },
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          "study": "Chesney, 2003",
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        },
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          "study": "Ebert, 2014",
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        },
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          "study": "Ebert, 2018",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Kramer, 2014",
          "ref": "Kramer, J., Conijn, B., Oijevaar, P., & Riper, H. (2014). Effectiveness of a web-based solution-focused brief chat treatment for depressed adolescents and young adults: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res, 16(5), e141. doi:10.2196/jmir.3261"
        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Roepke, 2015",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2016",
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          "study": "Schlicker, 2020",
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Unlu-Ince, 2013",
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "van der Zanden, 2012",
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        }
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        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Sanabria-Mazo, 2023",
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          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: a randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179-189."
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        {
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          "ref": "Fereydouni, S., & Forstmeier, S. (2022). An Islamic Form of Logotherapy in the Treatment of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Symptoms in University Students in Iran. J Relig Health, 61(1), 139-157. doi:10.1007/s10943-021-01495-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hallford, 2016",
          "ref": "Hallford DJ, Mellor D. Autobiographical memory-based intervention for depressive symptoms in young adults: A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-reminiscence therapy. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2016;85(4):246-9."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Pinniger, R., Brown, R. F., Thorsteinsson, E. B., & McKinley, P. (2012). Argentine tango dance compared to mindfulness meditation and a waiting-list control: A randomised trial for treating depression. Complement Ther Med, 20(6), 377-384. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2012.07.003"
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          "ref": "Psarraki, E. E., Bacopoulou, F., Panagoulias, E., Michou, M., Pelekasis, P., Artemiadis, A., . . . Darviri, C. (2021). The effects of Pythagorean Self-Awareness Intervention on patients with major depressive disorder: A pilot randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res, 138, 326-334. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.067"
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          "ref": "Pugh, N. E., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Dirkse, D. (2016). A Randomised Controlled Trial of Therapist-Assisted, Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Women with Maternal Depression. PLoS ONE, 11(3), e0149186."
        },
        {
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      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 49,
      "k_es": 52,
      "sd": 4.663,
      "lo": 4.292,
      "hi": 5.067,
      "tau2": 0.0808,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 2.655,
      "phi": 8.19,
      "i2": 96.2,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abujilban, 2024",
          "ref": "Abujilban, S., Al-Omari, H., Issa, E., Alhamdan, A., Al-Nabulsi, L., Mrayan, L., . . . Kernohan, W. G. (2024). Effectiveness of Telephone-Based Interpersonal Psychotherapy on Antenatal Depressive Symptoms: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial in The Kingdom of Jordan. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 30(3), 635-645. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/10783903231171595"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alhusen, 2021",
          "ref": "Alhusen, J. L., Hayat, M. J., & Borg, L. (2021, Feb). A pilot study of a group-based perinatal depression intervention on reducing depressive symptoms and improving maternal-fetal attachment and maternal sensitivity. Arch Womens Ment Health, 24(1), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-020-01032-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Amani, 2021",
          "ref": "Amani, B., Merza, D., Savoy, C., Streiner, D., Bieling, P., Ferro, M. A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2021, Nov 9). Peer-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Psychiatry, 83(1). https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.21m13928"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Babiy, 2024",
          "ref": "Babiy, Z., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Xie, F., Brown, J. S. L., Bieling, P. J., . . . Van Lieshout, R. J. (2024). One-Day Peer-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 93(2), 129-140. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000536040"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bengtson, 2023",
          "ref": "Bengtson AM, Filipowicz TR, Mphonda S, Udedi M, Kulisewa K, Meltzer-Brody S, et al. An Intervention to Improve Mental Health and HIV Care Engagement Among Perinatal Women in Malawi: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. AIDS and behavior. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Burns, 2013",
          "ref": "Burns A, O'Mahen H, Baxter H, Bennert K, Wiles N, Ramchandani P, et al. A pilot randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for antenatal depression. BMC psychiatry. 2013;13:33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cooper, 2003",
          "ref": "Cooper PJ, Murray L, Wilson A, Romaniuk H. Controlled trial of the short- and long-term effect of psychological treatment of post-partum depression. I. Impact on maternal mood. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;182(5):412-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dennis, 2020",
          "ref": "Dennis CL, Grigoriadis S, Zupancic J, Kiss A, Ravitz P. Telephone-based nurse-delivered interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression: nationwide randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2020;216(4):189-196."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonseca, 2020",
          "ref": "Fonseca A, Alves S, Monteiro F, Gorayeb R, Canavarro MC. Be a Mom, a Web-Based Intervention to Prevent Postpartum Depression: Results From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behav Ther. 2020;51(4):616-633."
        },
        {
          "study": "Forsell, 2017",
          "ref": "Forsell E, Bendix M, Holländare F, et al. Internet delivered cognitive behavior therapy for antenatal depression: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders 2017; 221: 56-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Goodman, 2015",
          "ref": "Goodman JH, Prager J, Goldstein R, Freeman M. Perinatal Dyadic Psychotherapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2015;18(3):493-506."
        },
        {
          "study": "Grote, 2009",
          "ref": "Grote NK, Swartz HA, Geibel SL, Zuckoff A, Houck PR, Frank E. A randomized controlled trial of culturally relevant, brief interpersonal psychotherapy for perinatal depression. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(3):313-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gureje, 2022",
          "ref": "Gureje, O., Oladeji, B. D., Kola, L., Bello, T., Ayinde, O., Faregh, N., . . . Zelkowitz, P. (2022). Effect of intervention delivered by frontline maternal care providers to improve outcome and parenting skills among adolescents with perinatal depression in Nigeria (the RAPiD study): A cluster randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord, 312, 169-176. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.032"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hamilton, 2020",
          "ref": "Hamilton J, Saxon D, Best E, Glover V, Walters SJ, Kerr IB. A randomised, controlled pilot study of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) for stressed pregnant women with underlying anxiety and depression in a routine health service setting. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy. 2020."
        },
        {
          "study": "Honey, 2002",
          "ref": "Honey KL, Bennett P, Morgan M. A brief psycho‐educational group intervention for postnatal depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2002;41(4):405-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hou, 2014",
          "ref": "Hou Y, Hu P, Zhang Y, Lu Q, Wang D, Yin L, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy in combination with systemic family therapy improves mild to moderate postpartum depression. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. 2014;36(1):47-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huh, 2023",
          "ref": "Huh, K., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Ferro, M. A., Bieling, P. J., Hicks, A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2023). Online Public Health Nurse-Delivered Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Psychiatry, 84(5)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hulsbosch, 2023",
          "ref": "Hulsbosch, L. P., Potharst, E. S., Schwabe, I., Boekhorst, M. G. B. M., Pop, V. J. M., & Nyklíček, I. (2023). Online mindfulness-based intervention for women with pregnancy distress: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 332, 262-272. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.009"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2017",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Zulqernain, F., Carter, L.-A., Chaudhry, I., Fatima, B., Kiran, T., . . . Rahman, A. (2017). Treatment of maternal depression in urban slums of Karachi, Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an integrated maternal psychological and early child development intervention. Asian journal of psychiatry, 29, 63-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021a",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Fatima, B., Chaudhry, I. B., Husain, M., Shah, S., Bassett, P., Cohen, N., Jafri, F., Naeem, S., Zadeh, Z., Roberts, C., Rahman, A., Naeem, F., Husain, M. I., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). An integrated parenting intervention for maternal depression and child development in a low-resource setting: Cluster randomized controlled trial [Article]. Depress Anxiety, 38(9), 925-939. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23169"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021b",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Shah, S., Rahman, A., Raza Ur, R., Saeed, Q., Naeem, S., Bassett, P., Husain, M., Haq, S. U., Jaffery, F., Cohen, N., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). Efficacy of learning through play plus intervention to reduce maternal depression in women with malnourished children: A randomized controlled trial from Pakistan(✰). J Affect Disord, 278, 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2023",
          "ref": "Husain N, Lunat F, Lovell K, Sharma D, Zaidi N, Bokhari A, et al. Exploratory RCT of a group psychological intervention for postnatal depression in British mothers of South Asian origin - ROSHNI-D. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2023;238:103974."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jesse, 2015",
          "ref": "Jesse DE, Gaynes BN, Feldhousen EB, Newton ER, Bunch S, Hollon SD. Performance of a culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention integrated in a public health setting to reduce risk of antepartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2015;60(5):578-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2014",
          "ref": "Jiang L, Wang ZZ, Qiu LR, Wan GB, Lin Y, Wei Z. Psychological intervention for postpartum depression. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology: Medical sciences. 2014;34(3):437-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lenze, 2017",
          "ref": "Lenze, S., & Potts, M. (2017). Brief Interpersonal Psychotherapy for depression during pregnancy in a low-income population: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 210, 151-157."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2013",
          "ref": "Leung SS, Lee AM, Chiang VC, Lam SK, Kuen YW, Wong DF. Culturally sensitive, preventive antenatal group cognitive-behavioural therapy for Chinese women with depression. Internationan Journal of Nursing Practice. 2013;19(Supp 1):28-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2016",
          "ref": "Leung S, Lee A, Wong D, Wong C, Leung K, Chiang V, et al. A brief group intervention using a cognitive-behavioural approach to reduce postnatal depressive symptoms: A randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Medical Journal. 2016;22(1 Supplement 2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Liu, 2021",
          "ref": "Liu, H., & Yang, Y. (2021). Effects of a psychological nursing intervention on prevention of anxiety and depression in the postpartum period: a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Annals of General Psychiatry, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00320-4"
        },
        {
          "study": "Merza, 2023",
          "ref": "Merza D, Amani B, Savoy C, Babiy Z, Bieling PJ, Streiner DL, et al. Online peer‐delivered group cognitive‐behavioral therapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mulcahy, 2010",
          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ngai, 2015",
          "ref": "Ngai FW, Wong P-C, Leung KY, Chau PH, Chung KF. The effect of telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on postnatal depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(5):294-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Mahen, 2013",
          "ref": "O'Mahen HA, Woodford J, McGinley J, Warren FC, Richards DA, Lynch TR, et al. Internet-based behavioral activation--treatment for postnatal depression (Netmums): A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;150(3):814-22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prabhu, 2025",
          "ref": "Prabhu S, George LS, Guruvare S, Noronha JA, Jose TT, Nayak BS, et al. Effectiveness of psychosocial education program on postnatal depression, stress, and perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy among pregnant women in South India. Patient Education and Counseling. 2025;130."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prendergast, 2001",
          "ref": "Prendergast J, Austin MP. Early childhood nurse-delivered cognitive behavioural counselling for post-natal depression. Australasian Psychiatry. 2001;9(3):255-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Psaros, 2022",
          "ref": "Psaros, C., Stanton, A. M., Raggio, G. A., Mosery, N., Goodman, G. R., Briggs, E. S., . . . Safren, S. A. (2022). Optimizing PMTCT Adherence by Treating Depression in Perinatal Women with HIV in South Africa: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of behavioral medicine. doi:10.1007/s12529-022-10071-z"
        },
        {
          "study": "Puckering, 2010",
          "ref": "Puckering C, McIntosh E, Hickey A, Longford J. Mellow Babies: A group intervention for infants and mothers experiencing postnatal depression. Counselling Psychology Review. 2010;25(1):28-38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pugh, 2016",
          "ref": "Pugh, N. E., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Dirkse, D. (2016). A Randomised Controlled Trial of Therapist-Assisted, Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Women with Maternal Depression. PLoS ONE, 11(3), e0149186."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Seo, 2022",
          "ref": "Seo, J. M., Kim, S. J., Na, H., Kim, J. H., & Lee, H. (2022). Effectiveness of a Mobile Application for Postpartum Depression Self-Management: Evidence from a Randomised Controlled Trial in South Korea. Healthcare (Basel), 10(11). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/healthcare10112185"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2021",
          "ref": "Sun, Y., et al. (2021). \"Effectiveness of Smartphone-Based Mindfulness Training on Maternal Perinatal Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(1): e23410."
        },
        {
          "study": "Trevillion, 2020",
          "ref": "Trevillion K, Ryan EG, Pickles A, et al. An exploratory parallel-group randomised controlled trial of antenatal Guided Self-Help (plus usual care) versus usual care alone for pregnant women with depression: DAWN trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020;261:187-197."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Horne, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Horne, B. S., Nong, Y. H., Cain, C. M., Sampson, M., Greeley, C. S., & Puryear, L. (2022). A promising new model of care for postpartum depression: A randomised controlled trial of a brief home visitation program conducted in Houston, Texas, USA. Health Soc Care Community, 30(5), e2203-e2213. doi:10.1111/hsc.13658"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2021",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Brown, J. S. L., Ferro, M. A., Streiner, D. L., . . . Hanna, S. (2021). Effect of Online 1-Day Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops Plus Usual Care vs Usual Care Alone for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(11), 1200-1207. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2488"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Haber, E., Feller, A., Biscaro, A., . . . Ferro, M. A. (2022). Public Health Nurse-delivered Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Can J Psychiatry, 67(6), 432-440. doi:10.1177/07067437221074426"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2023",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout RJ, Layton H, Savoy CD, Xie F, Brown JSL, Huh K, et al. In-person 1-day cognitive behavioral therapy-based workshops for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2023;53(14):6888-98."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vigod, 2021",
          "ref": "Vigod, S. N., Slyfield Cook, G., Macdonald, K., Hussain-Shamsy, N., Brown, H. K., de Oliveira, C., . . . Dennis, C.-L. (2021). Mother matters: Pilot randomized wait‐list controlled trial of an online therapist‐facilitated discussion board and support group for postpartum depression symptoms. Depress Anxiety, 38(8), 816-825. doi:10.1002/da.23163"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2019",
          "ref": "Zhao, Y., Munro-Kramer, M. L., Shi, S., Wang, J., & Zhao, Q. (2019). Effects of antenatal depression screening and intervention among Chinese high-risk pregnant women with medically defined complications: A randomized controlled trial. Early intervention in psychiatry, 13(5), 1090-1098. doi:10.1111/eip.12731"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 537,
      "instr": "EPDS",
      "full": "Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Three-level CHE model",
      "k": 49,
      "k_es": 52,
      "sd": 4.663,
      "lo": 4.283,
      "hi": 5.077,
      "tau2": 0.0765,
      "tau2w": 0.0042,
      "plo": 2.656,
      "phi": 8.189,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abujilban, 2024",
          "ref": "Abujilban, S., Al-Omari, H., Issa, E., Alhamdan, A., Al-Nabulsi, L., Mrayan, L., . . . Kernohan, W. G. (2024). Effectiveness of Telephone-Based Interpersonal Psychotherapy on Antenatal Depressive Symptoms: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial in The Kingdom of Jordan. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 30(3), 635-645. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/10783903231171595"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alhusen, 2021",
          "ref": "Alhusen, J. L., Hayat, M. J., & Borg, L. (2021, Feb). A pilot study of a group-based perinatal depression intervention on reducing depressive symptoms and improving maternal-fetal attachment and maternal sensitivity. Arch Womens Ment Health, 24(1), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-020-01032-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Amani, 2021",
          "ref": "Amani, B., Merza, D., Savoy, C., Streiner, D., Bieling, P., Ferro, M. A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2021, Nov 9). Peer-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Psychiatry, 83(1). https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.21m13928"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Babiy, 2024",
          "ref": "Babiy, Z., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Xie, F., Brown, J. S. L., Bieling, P. J., . . . Van Lieshout, R. J. (2024). One-Day Peer-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 93(2), 129-140. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000536040"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bengtson, 2023",
          "ref": "Bengtson AM, Filipowicz TR, Mphonda S, Udedi M, Kulisewa K, Meltzer-Brody S, et al. An Intervention to Improve Mental Health and HIV Care Engagement Among Perinatal Women in Malawi: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. AIDS and behavior. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Burns, 2013",
          "ref": "Burns A, O'Mahen H, Baxter H, Bennert K, Wiles N, Ramchandani P, et al. A pilot randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for antenatal depression. BMC psychiatry. 2013;13:33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cooper, 2003",
          "ref": "Cooper PJ, Murray L, Wilson A, Romaniuk H. Controlled trial of the short- and long-term effect of psychological treatment of post-partum depression. I. Impact on maternal mood. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;182(5):412-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dennis, 2020",
          "ref": "Dennis CL, Grigoriadis S, Zupancic J, Kiss A, Ravitz P. Telephone-based nurse-delivered interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression: nationwide randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2020;216(4):189-196."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonseca, 2020",
          "ref": "Fonseca A, Alves S, Monteiro F, Gorayeb R, Canavarro MC. Be a Mom, a Web-Based Intervention to Prevent Postpartum Depression: Results From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behav Ther. 2020;51(4):616-633."
        },
        {
          "study": "Forsell, 2017",
          "ref": "Forsell E, Bendix M, Holländare F, et al. Internet delivered cognitive behavior therapy for antenatal depression: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders 2017; 221: 56-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Goodman, 2015",
          "ref": "Goodman JH, Prager J, Goldstein R, Freeman M. Perinatal Dyadic Psychotherapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2015;18(3):493-506."
        },
        {
          "study": "Grote, 2009",
          "ref": "Grote NK, Swartz HA, Geibel SL, Zuckoff A, Houck PR, Frank E. A randomized controlled trial of culturally relevant, brief interpersonal psychotherapy for perinatal depression. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(3):313-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gureje, 2022",
          "ref": "Gureje, O., Oladeji, B. D., Kola, L., Bello, T., Ayinde, O., Faregh, N., . . . Zelkowitz, P. (2022). Effect of intervention delivered by frontline maternal care providers to improve outcome and parenting skills among adolescents with perinatal depression in Nigeria (the RAPiD study): A cluster randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord, 312, 169-176. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.032"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hamilton, 2020",
          "ref": "Hamilton J, Saxon D, Best E, Glover V, Walters SJ, Kerr IB. A randomised, controlled pilot study of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) for stressed pregnant women with underlying anxiety and depression in a routine health service setting. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy. 2020."
        },
        {
          "study": "Honey, 2002",
          "ref": "Honey KL, Bennett P, Morgan M. A brief psycho‐educational group intervention for postnatal depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2002;41(4):405-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hou, 2014",
          "ref": "Hou Y, Hu P, Zhang Y, Lu Q, Wang D, Yin L, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy in combination with systemic family therapy improves mild to moderate postpartum depression. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. 2014;36(1):47-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huh, 2023",
          "ref": "Huh, K., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Ferro, M. A., Bieling, P. J., Hicks, A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2023). Online Public Health Nurse-Delivered Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Psychiatry, 84(5)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hulsbosch, 2023",
          "ref": "Hulsbosch, L. P., Potharst, E. S., Schwabe, I., Boekhorst, M. G. B. M., Pop, V. J. M., & Nyklíček, I. (2023). Online mindfulness-based intervention for women with pregnancy distress: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 332, 262-272. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.009"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2017",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Zulqernain, F., Carter, L.-A., Chaudhry, I., Fatima, B., Kiran, T., . . . Rahman, A. (2017). Treatment of maternal depression in urban slums of Karachi, Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an integrated maternal psychological and early child development intervention. Asian journal of psychiatry, 29, 63-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021a",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Fatima, B., Chaudhry, I. B., Husain, M., Shah, S., Bassett, P., Cohen, N., Jafri, F., Naeem, S., Zadeh, Z., Roberts, C., Rahman, A., Naeem, F., Husain, M. I., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). An integrated parenting intervention for maternal depression and child development in a low-resource setting: Cluster randomized controlled trial [Article]. Depress Anxiety, 38(9), 925-939. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23169"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021b",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Shah, S., Rahman, A., Raza Ur, R., Saeed, Q., Naeem, S., Bassett, P., Husain, M., Haq, S. U., Jaffery, F., Cohen, N., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). Efficacy of learning through play plus intervention to reduce maternal depression in women with malnourished children: A randomized controlled trial from Pakistan(✰). J Affect Disord, 278, 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2023",
          "ref": "Husain N, Lunat F, Lovell K, Sharma D, Zaidi N, Bokhari A, et al. Exploratory RCT of a group psychological intervention for postnatal depression in British mothers of South Asian origin - ROSHNI-D. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2023;238:103974."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jesse, 2015",
          "ref": "Jesse DE, Gaynes BN, Feldhousen EB, Newton ER, Bunch S, Hollon SD. Performance of a culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention integrated in a public health setting to reduce risk of antepartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2015;60(5):578-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2014",
          "ref": "Jiang L, Wang ZZ, Qiu LR, Wan GB, Lin Y, Wei Z. Psychological intervention for postpartum depression. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology: Medical sciences. 2014;34(3):437-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lenze, 2017",
          "ref": "Lenze, S., & Potts, M. (2017). Brief Interpersonal Psychotherapy for depression during pregnancy in a low-income population: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 210, 151-157."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2013",
          "ref": "Leung SS, Lee AM, Chiang VC, Lam SK, Kuen YW, Wong DF. Culturally sensitive, preventive antenatal group cognitive-behavioural therapy for Chinese women with depression. Internationan Journal of Nursing Practice. 2013;19(Supp 1):28-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2016",
          "ref": "Leung S, Lee A, Wong D, Wong C, Leung K, Chiang V, et al. A brief group intervention using a cognitive-behavioural approach to reduce postnatal depressive symptoms: A randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Medical Journal. 2016;22(1 Supplement 2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Liu, 2021",
          "ref": "Liu, H., & Yang, Y. (2021). Effects of a psychological nursing intervention on prevention of anxiety and depression in the postpartum period: a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Annals of General Psychiatry, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00320-4"
        },
        {
          "study": "Merza, 2023",
          "ref": "Merza D, Amani B, Savoy C, Babiy Z, Bieling PJ, Streiner DL, et al. Online peer‐delivered group cognitive‐behavioral therapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mulcahy, 2010",
          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ngai, 2015",
          "ref": "Ngai FW, Wong P-C, Leung KY, Chau PH, Chung KF. The effect of telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on postnatal depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(5):294-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Mahen, 2013",
          "ref": "O'Mahen HA, Woodford J, McGinley J, Warren FC, Richards DA, Lynch TR, et al. Internet-based behavioral activation--treatment for postnatal depression (Netmums): A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;150(3):814-22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prabhu, 2025",
          "ref": "Prabhu S, George LS, Guruvare S, Noronha JA, Jose TT, Nayak BS, et al. Effectiveness of psychosocial education program on postnatal depression, stress, and perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy among pregnant women in South India. Patient Education and Counseling. 2025;130."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prendergast, 2001",
          "ref": "Prendergast J, Austin MP. Early childhood nurse-delivered cognitive behavioural counselling for post-natal depression. Australasian Psychiatry. 2001;9(3):255-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Psaros, 2022",
          "ref": "Psaros, C., Stanton, A. M., Raggio, G. A., Mosery, N., Goodman, G. R., Briggs, E. S., . . . Safren, S. A. (2022). Optimizing PMTCT Adherence by Treating Depression in Perinatal Women with HIV in South Africa: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of behavioral medicine. doi:10.1007/s12529-022-10071-z"
        },
        {
          "study": "Puckering, 2010",
          "ref": "Puckering C, McIntosh E, Hickey A, Longford J. Mellow Babies: A group intervention for infants and mothers experiencing postnatal depression. Counselling Psychology Review. 2010;25(1):28-38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pugh, 2016",
          "ref": "Pugh, N. E., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Dirkse, D. (2016). A Randomised Controlled Trial of Therapist-Assisted, Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Women with Maternal Depression. PLoS ONE, 11(3), e0149186."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Seo, 2022",
          "ref": "Seo, J. M., Kim, S. J., Na, H., Kim, J. H., & Lee, H. (2022). Effectiveness of a Mobile Application for Postpartum Depression Self-Management: Evidence from a Randomised Controlled Trial in South Korea. Healthcare (Basel), 10(11). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/healthcare10112185"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2021",
          "ref": "Sun, Y., et al. (2021). \"Effectiveness of Smartphone-Based Mindfulness Training on Maternal Perinatal Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(1): e23410."
        },
        {
          "study": "Trevillion, 2020",
          "ref": "Trevillion K, Ryan EG, Pickles A, et al. An exploratory parallel-group randomised controlled trial of antenatal Guided Self-Help (plus usual care) versus usual care alone for pregnant women with depression: DAWN trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020;261:187-197."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Horne, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Horne, B. S., Nong, Y. H., Cain, C. M., Sampson, M., Greeley, C. S., & Puryear, L. (2022). A promising new model of care for postpartum depression: A randomised controlled trial of a brief home visitation program conducted in Houston, Texas, USA. Health Soc Care Community, 30(5), e2203-e2213. doi:10.1111/hsc.13658"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2021",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Brown, J. S. L., Ferro, M. A., Streiner, D. L., . . . Hanna, S. (2021). Effect of Online 1-Day Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops Plus Usual Care vs Usual Care Alone for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(11), 1200-1207. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2488"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Haber, E., Feller, A., Biscaro, A., . . . Ferro, M. A. (2022). Public Health Nurse-delivered Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Can J Psychiatry, 67(6), 432-440. doi:10.1177/07067437221074426"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2023",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout RJ, Layton H, Savoy CD, Xie F, Brown JSL, Huh K, et al. In-person 1-day cognitive behavioral therapy-based workshops for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2023;53(14):6888-98."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vigod, 2021",
          "ref": "Vigod, S. N., Slyfield Cook, G., Macdonald, K., Hussain-Shamsy, N., Brown, H. K., de Oliveira, C., . . . Dennis, C.-L. (2021). Mother matters: Pilot randomized wait‐list controlled trial of an online therapist‐facilitated discussion board and support group for postpartum depression symptoms. Depress Anxiety, 38(8), 816-825. doi:10.1002/da.23163"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2019",
          "ref": "Zhao, Y., Munro-Kramer, M. L., Shi, S., Wang, J., & Zhao, Q. (2019). Effects of antenatal depression screening and intervention among Chinese high-risk pregnant women with medically defined complications: A randomized controlled trial. Early intervention in psychiatry, 13(5), 1090-1098. doi:10.1111/eip.12731"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 538,
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      "full": "Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
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      "model": "Fixed-effect",
      "k": 49,
      "k_es": 52,
      "sd": 4.643,
      "lo": 4.571,
      "hi": 4.717,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abujilban, 2024",
          "ref": "Abujilban, S., Al-Omari, H., Issa, E., Alhamdan, A., Al-Nabulsi, L., Mrayan, L., . . . Kernohan, W. G. (2024). Effectiveness of Telephone-Based Interpersonal Psychotherapy on Antenatal Depressive Symptoms: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial in The Kingdom of Jordan. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 30(3), 635-645. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/10783903231171595"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alhusen, 2021",
          "ref": "Alhusen, J. L., Hayat, M. J., & Borg, L. (2021, Feb). A pilot study of a group-based perinatal depression intervention on reducing depressive symptoms and improving maternal-fetal attachment and maternal sensitivity. Arch Womens Ment Health, 24(1), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-020-01032-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Amani, 2021",
          "ref": "Amani, B., Merza, D., Savoy, C., Streiner, D., Bieling, P., Ferro, M. A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2021, Nov 9). Peer-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Psychiatry, 83(1). https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.21m13928"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Babiy, 2024",
          "ref": "Babiy, Z., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Xie, F., Brown, J. S. L., Bieling, P. J., . . . Van Lieshout, R. J. (2024). One-Day Peer-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 93(2), 129-140. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000536040"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bengtson, 2023",
          "ref": "Bengtson AM, Filipowicz TR, Mphonda S, Udedi M, Kulisewa K, Meltzer-Brody S, et al. An Intervention to Improve Mental Health and HIV Care Engagement Among Perinatal Women in Malawi: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. AIDS and behavior. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Burns, 2013",
          "ref": "Burns A, O'Mahen H, Baxter H, Bennert K, Wiles N, Ramchandani P, et al. A pilot randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for antenatal depression. BMC psychiatry. 2013;13:33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cooper, 2003",
          "ref": "Cooper PJ, Murray L, Wilson A, Romaniuk H. Controlled trial of the short- and long-term effect of psychological treatment of post-partum depression. I. Impact on maternal mood. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;182(5):412-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dennis, 2020",
          "ref": "Dennis CL, Grigoriadis S, Zupancic J, Kiss A, Ravitz P. Telephone-based nurse-delivered interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression: nationwide randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2020;216(4):189-196."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonseca, 2020",
          "ref": "Fonseca A, Alves S, Monteiro F, Gorayeb R, Canavarro MC. Be a Mom, a Web-Based Intervention to Prevent Postpartum Depression: Results From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behav Ther. 2020;51(4):616-633."
        },
        {
          "study": "Forsell, 2017",
          "ref": "Forsell E, Bendix M, Holländare F, et al. Internet delivered cognitive behavior therapy for antenatal depression: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders 2017; 221: 56-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Goodman, 2015",
          "ref": "Goodman JH, Prager J, Goldstein R, Freeman M. Perinatal Dyadic Psychotherapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2015;18(3):493-506."
        },
        {
          "study": "Grote, 2009",
          "ref": "Grote NK, Swartz HA, Geibel SL, Zuckoff A, Houck PR, Frank E. A randomized controlled trial of culturally relevant, brief interpersonal psychotherapy for perinatal depression. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(3):313-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gureje, 2022",
          "ref": "Gureje, O., Oladeji, B. D., Kola, L., Bello, T., Ayinde, O., Faregh, N., . . . Zelkowitz, P. (2022). Effect of intervention delivered by frontline maternal care providers to improve outcome and parenting skills among adolescents with perinatal depression in Nigeria (the RAPiD study): A cluster randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord, 312, 169-176. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.032"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hamilton, 2020",
          "ref": "Hamilton J, Saxon D, Best E, Glover V, Walters SJ, Kerr IB. A randomised, controlled pilot study of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) for stressed pregnant women with underlying anxiety and depression in a routine health service setting. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy. 2020."
        },
        {
          "study": "Honey, 2002",
          "ref": "Honey KL, Bennett P, Morgan M. A brief psycho‐educational group intervention for postnatal depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2002;41(4):405-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hou, 2014",
          "ref": "Hou Y, Hu P, Zhang Y, Lu Q, Wang D, Yin L, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy in combination with systemic family therapy improves mild to moderate postpartum depression. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. 2014;36(1):47-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huh, 2023",
          "ref": "Huh, K., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Ferro, M. A., Bieling, P. J., Hicks, A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2023). Online Public Health Nurse-Delivered Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Psychiatry, 84(5)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hulsbosch, 2023",
          "ref": "Hulsbosch, L. P., Potharst, E. S., Schwabe, I., Boekhorst, M. G. B. M., Pop, V. J. M., & Nyklíček, I. (2023). Online mindfulness-based intervention for women with pregnancy distress: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 332, 262-272. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.009"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2017",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Zulqernain, F., Carter, L.-A., Chaudhry, I., Fatima, B., Kiran, T., . . . Rahman, A. (2017). Treatment of maternal depression in urban slums of Karachi, Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an integrated maternal psychological and early child development intervention. Asian journal of psychiatry, 29, 63-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021a",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Fatima, B., Chaudhry, I. B., Husain, M., Shah, S., Bassett, P., Cohen, N., Jafri, F., Naeem, S., Zadeh, Z., Roberts, C., Rahman, A., Naeem, F., Husain, M. I., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). An integrated parenting intervention for maternal depression and child development in a low-resource setting: Cluster randomized controlled trial [Article]. Depress Anxiety, 38(9), 925-939. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23169"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021b",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Shah, S., Rahman, A., Raza Ur, R., Saeed, Q., Naeem, S., Bassett, P., Husain, M., Haq, S. U., Jaffery, F., Cohen, N., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). Efficacy of learning through play plus intervention to reduce maternal depression in women with malnourished children: A randomized controlled trial from Pakistan(✰). J Affect Disord, 278, 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2023",
          "ref": "Husain N, Lunat F, Lovell K, Sharma D, Zaidi N, Bokhari A, et al. Exploratory RCT of a group psychological intervention for postnatal depression in British mothers of South Asian origin - ROSHNI-D. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2023;238:103974."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jesse, 2015",
          "ref": "Jesse DE, Gaynes BN, Feldhousen EB, Newton ER, Bunch S, Hollon SD. Performance of a culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention integrated in a public health setting to reduce risk of antepartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2015;60(5):578-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2014",
          "ref": "Jiang L, Wang ZZ, Qiu LR, Wan GB, Lin Y, Wei Z. Psychological intervention for postpartum depression. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology: Medical sciences. 2014;34(3):437-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lenze, 2017",
          "ref": "Lenze, S., & Potts, M. (2017). Brief Interpersonal Psychotherapy for depression during pregnancy in a low-income population: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 210, 151-157."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2013",
          "ref": "Leung SS, Lee AM, Chiang VC, Lam SK, Kuen YW, Wong DF. Culturally sensitive, preventive antenatal group cognitive-behavioural therapy for Chinese women with depression. Internationan Journal of Nursing Practice. 2013;19(Supp 1):28-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2016",
          "ref": "Leung S, Lee A, Wong D, Wong C, Leung K, Chiang V, et al. A brief group intervention using a cognitive-behavioural approach to reduce postnatal depressive symptoms: A randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Medical Journal. 2016;22(1 Supplement 2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Liu, 2021",
          "ref": "Liu, H., & Yang, Y. (2021). Effects of a psychological nursing intervention on prevention of anxiety and depression in the postpartum period: a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Annals of General Psychiatry, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00320-4"
        },
        {
          "study": "Merza, 2023",
          "ref": "Merza D, Amani B, Savoy C, Babiy Z, Bieling PJ, Streiner DL, et al. Online peer‐delivered group cognitive‐behavioral therapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mulcahy, 2010",
          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ngai, 2015",
          "ref": "Ngai FW, Wong P-C, Leung KY, Chau PH, Chung KF. The effect of telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on postnatal depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(5):294-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Mahen, 2013",
          "ref": "O'Mahen HA, Woodford J, McGinley J, Warren FC, Richards DA, Lynch TR, et al. Internet-based behavioral activation--treatment for postnatal depression (Netmums): A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;150(3):814-22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prabhu, 2025",
          "ref": "Prabhu S, George LS, Guruvare S, Noronha JA, Jose TT, Nayak BS, et al. Effectiveness of psychosocial education program on postnatal depression, stress, and perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy among pregnant women in South India. Patient Education and Counseling. 2025;130."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prendergast, 2001",
          "ref": "Prendergast J, Austin MP. Early childhood nurse-delivered cognitive behavioural counselling for post-natal depression. Australasian Psychiatry. 2001;9(3):255-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Psaros, 2022",
          "ref": "Psaros, C., Stanton, A. M., Raggio, G. A., Mosery, N., Goodman, G. R., Briggs, E. S., . . . Safren, S. A. (2022). Optimizing PMTCT Adherence by Treating Depression in Perinatal Women with HIV in South Africa: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of behavioral medicine. doi:10.1007/s12529-022-10071-z"
        },
        {
          "study": "Puckering, 2010",
          "ref": "Puckering C, McIntosh E, Hickey A, Longford J. Mellow Babies: A group intervention for infants and mothers experiencing postnatal depression. Counselling Psychology Review. 2010;25(1):28-38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pugh, 2016",
          "ref": "Pugh, N. E., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Dirkse, D. (2016). A Randomised Controlled Trial of Therapist-Assisted, Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Women with Maternal Depression. PLoS ONE, 11(3), e0149186."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Seo, 2022",
          "ref": "Seo, J. M., Kim, S. J., Na, H., Kim, J. H., & Lee, H. (2022). Effectiveness of a Mobile Application for Postpartum Depression Self-Management: Evidence from a Randomised Controlled Trial in South Korea. Healthcare (Basel), 10(11). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/healthcare10112185"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2021",
          "ref": "Sun, Y., et al. (2021). \"Effectiveness of Smartphone-Based Mindfulness Training on Maternal Perinatal Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(1): e23410."
        },
        {
          "study": "Trevillion, 2020",
          "ref": "Trevillion K, Ryan EG, Pickles A, et al. An exploratory parallel-group randomised controlled trial of antenatal Guided Self-Help (plus usual care) versus usual care alone for pregnant women with depression: DAWN trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020;261:187-197."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Horne, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Horne, B. S., Nong, Y. H., Cain, C. M., Sampson, M., Greeley, C. S., & Puryear, L. (2022). A promising new model of care for postpartum depression: A randomised controlled trial of a brief home visitation program conducted in Houston, Texas, USA. Health Soc Care Community, 30(5), e2203-e2213. doi:10.1111/hsc.13658"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2021",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Brown, J. S. L., Ferro, M. A., Streiner, D. L., . . . Hanna, S. (2021). Effect of Online 1-Day Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops Plus Usual Care vs Usual Care Alone for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(11), 1200-1207. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2488"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Haber, E., Feller, A., Biscaro, A., . . . Ferro, M. A. (2022). Public Health Nurse-delivered Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Can J Psychiatry, 67(6), 432-440. doi:10.1177/07067437221074426"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2023",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout RJ, Layton H, Savoy CD, Xie F, Brown JSL, Huh K, et al. In-person 1-day cognitive behavioral therapy-based workshops for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2023;53(14):6888-98."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vigod, 2021",
          "ref": "Vigod, S. N., Slyfield Cook, G., Macdonald, K., Hussain-Shamsy, N., Brown, H. K., de Oliveira, C., . . . Dennis, C.-L. (2021). Mother matters: Pilot randomized wait‐list controlled trial of an online therapist‐facilitated discussion board and support group for postpartum depression symptoms. Depress Anxiety, 38(8), 816-825. doi:10.1002/da.23163"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2019",
          "ref": "Zhao, Y., Munro-Kramer, M. L., Shi, S., Wang, J., & Zhao, Q. (2019). Effects of antenatal depression screening and intervention among Chinese high-risk pregnant women with medically defined complications: A randomized controlled trial. Early intervention in psychiatry, 13(5), 1090-1098. doi:10.1111/eip.12731"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 539,
      "instr": "EPDS",
      "full": "Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
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      "k": 32,
      "k_es": 35,
      "sd": 4.893,
      "lo": 4.741,
      "hi": 5.051,
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      "tau2w": null,
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      "phi": 5.472,
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      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abujilban, 2024",
          "ref": "Abujilban, S., Al-Omari, H., Issa, E., Alhamdan, A., Al-Nabulsi, L., Mrayan, L., . . . Kernohan, W. G. (2024). Effectiveness of Telephone-Based Interpersonal Psychotherapy on Antenatal Depressive Symptoms: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial in The Kingdom of Jordan. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 30(3), 635-645. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/10783903231171595"
        },
        {
          "study": "Amani, 2021",
          "ref": "Amani, B., Merza, D., Savoy, C., Streiner, D., Bieling, P., Ferro, M. A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2021, Nov 9). Peer-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Psychiatry, 83(1). https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.21m13928"
        },
        {
          "study": "Babiy, 2024",
          "ref": "Babiy, Z., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Xie, F., Brown, J. S. L., Bieling, P. J., . . . Van Lieshout, R. J. (2024). One-Day Peer-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 93(2), 129-140. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000536040"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bengtson, 2023",
          "ref": "Bengtson AM, Filipowicz TR, Mphonda S, Udedi M, Kulisewa K, Meltzer-Brody S, et al. An Intervention to Improve Mental Health and HIV Care Engagement Among Perinatal Women in Malawi: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. AIDS and behavior. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Burns, 2013",
          "ref": "Burns A, O'Mahen H, Baxter H, Bennert K, Wiles N, Ramchandani P, et al. A pilot randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for antenatal depression. BMC psychiatry. 2013;13:33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cooper, 2003",
          "ref": "Cooper PJ, Murray L, Wilson A, Romaniuk H. Controlled trial of the short- and long-term effect of psychological treatment of post-partum depression. I. Impact on maternal mood. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;182(5):412-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dennis, 2020",
          "ref": "Dennis CL, Grigoriadis S, Zupancic J, Kiss A, Ravitz P. Telephone-based nurse-delivered interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression: nationwide randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2020;216(4):189-196."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonseca, 2020",
          "ref": "Fonseca A, Alves S, Monteiro F, Gorayeb R, Canavarro MC. Be a Mom, a Web-Based Intervention to Prevent Postpartum Depression: Results From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behav Ther. 2020;51(4):616-633."
        },
        {
          "study": "Forsell, 2017",
          "ref": "Forsell E, Bendix M, Holländare F, et al. Internet delivered cognitive behavior therapy for antenatal depression: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders 2017; 221: 56-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Goodman, 2015",
          "ref": "Goodman JH, Prager J, Goldstein R, Freeman M. Perinatal Dyadic Psychotherapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2015;18(3):493-506."
        },
        {
          "study": "Grote, 2009",
          "ref": "Grote NK, Swartz HA, Geibel SL, Zuckoff A, Houck PR, Frank E. A randomized controlled trial of culturally relevant, brief interpersonal psychotherapy for perinatal depression. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(3):313-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Honey, 2002",
          "ref": "Honey KL, Bennett P, Morgan M. A brief psycho‐educational group intervention for postnatal depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2002;41(4):405-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huh, 2023",
          "ref": "Huh, K., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Ferro, M. A., Bieling, P. J., Hicks, A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2023). Online Public Health Nurse-Delivered Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Psychiatry, 84(5)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hulsbosch, 2023",
          "ref": "Hulsbosch, L. P., Potharst, E. S., Schwabe, I., Boekhorst, M. G. B. M., Pop, V. J. M., & Nyklíček, I. (2023). Online mindfulness-based intervention for women with pregnancy distress: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 332, 262-272. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.009"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2017",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Zulqernain, F., Carter, L.-A., Chaudhry, I., Fatima, B., Kiran, T., . . . Rahman, A. (2017). Treatment of maternal depression in urban slums of Karachi, Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an integrated maternal psychological and early child development intervention. Asian journal of psychiatry, 29, 63-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021a",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Fatima, B., Chaudhry, I. B., Husain, M., Shah, S., Bassett, P., Cohen, N., Jafri, F., Naeem, S., Zadeh, Z., Roberts, C., Rahman, A., Naeem, F., Husain, M. I., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). An integrated parenting intervention for maternal depression and child development in a low-resource setting: Cluster randomized controlled trial [Article]. Depress Anxiety, 38(9), 925-939. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23169"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021b",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Shah, S., Rahman, A., Raza Ur, R., Saeed, Q., Naeem, S., Bassett, P., Husain, M., Haq, S. U., Jaffery, F., Cohen, N., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). Efficacy of learning through play plus intervention to reduce maternal depression in women with malnourished children: A randomized controlled trial from Pakistan(✰). J Affect Disord, 278, 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jesse, 2015",
          "ref": "Jesse DE, Gaynes BN, Feldhousen EB, Newton ER, Bunch S, Hollon SD. Performance of a culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention integrated in a public health setting to reduce risk of antepartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2015;60(5):578-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2013",
          "ref": "Leung SS, Lee AM, Chiang VC, Lam SK, Kuen YW, Wong DF. Culturally sensitive, preventive antenatal group cognitive-behavioural therapy for Chinese women with depression. Internationan Journal of Nursing Practice. 2013;19(Supp 1):28-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Merza, 2023",
          "ref": "Merza D, Amani B, Savoy C, Babiy Z, Bieling PJ, Streiner DL, et al. Online peer‐delivered group cognitive‐behavioral therapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mulcahy, 2010",
          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prendergast, 2001",
          "ref": "Prendergast J, Austin MP. Early childhood nurse-delivered cognitive behavioural counselling for post-natal depression. Australasian Psychiatry. 2001;9(3):255-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Psaros, 2022",
          "ref": "Psaros, C., Stanton, A. M., Raggio, G. A., Mosery, N., Goodman, G. R., Briggs, E. S., . . . Safren, S. A. (2022). Optimizing PMTCT Adherence by Treating Depression in Perinatal Women with HIV in South Africa: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of behavioral medicine. doi:10.1007/s12529-022-10071-z"
        },
        {
          "study": "Puckering, 2010",
          "ref": "Puckering C, McIntosh E, Hickey A, Longford J. Mellow Babies: A group intervention for infants and mothers experiencing postnatal depression. Counselling Psychology Review. 2010;25(1):28-38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pugh, 2016",
          "ref": "Pugh, N. E., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Dirkse, D. (2016). A Randomised Controlled Trial of Therapist-Assisted, Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Women with Maternal Depression. PLoS ONE, 11(3), e0149186."
        },
        {
          "study": "Seo, 2022",
          "ref": "Seo, J. M., Kim, S. J., Na, H., Kim, J. H., & Lee, H. (2022). Effectiveness of a Mobile Application for Postpartum Depression Self-Management: Evidence from a Randomised Controlled Trial in South Korea. Healthcare (Basel), 10(11). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/healthcare10112185"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2021",
          "ref": "Sun, Y., et al. (2021). \"Effectiveness of Smartphone-Based Mindfulness Training on Maternal Perinatal Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(1): e23410."
        },
        {
          "study": "Trevillion, 2020",
          "ref": "Trevillion K, Ryan EG, Pickles A, et al. An exploratory parallel-group randomised controlled trial of antenatal Guided Self-Help (plus usual care) versus usual care alone for pregnant women with depression: DAWN trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020;261:187-197."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2021",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Brown, J. S. L., Ferro, M. A., Streiner, D. L., . . . Hanna, S. (2021). Effect of Online 1-Day Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops Plus Usual Care vs Usual Care Alone for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(11), 1200-1207. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2488"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Haber, E., Feller, A., Biscaro, A., . . . Ferro, M. A. (2022). Public Health Nurse-delivered Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Can J Psychiatry, 67(6), 432-440. doi:10.1177/07067437221074426"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vigod, 2021",
          "ref": "Vigod, S. N., Slyfield Cook, G., Macdonald, K., Hussain-Shamsy, N., Brown, H. K., de Oliveira, C., . . . Dennis, C.-L. (2021). Mother matters: Pilot randomized wait‐list controlled trial of an online therapist‐facilitated discussion board and support group for postpartum depression symptoms. Depress Anxiety, 38(8), 816-825. doi:10.1002/da.23163"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 540,
      "instr": "EPDS",
      "full": "Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Influence analysis (sensitivity)",
      "k": 47,
      "k_es": 50,
      "sd": 4.84,
      "lo": 4.535,
      "hi": 5.165,
      "tau2": 0.0451,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.176,
      "phi": 7.375,
      "i2": 93.5,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abujilban, 2024",
          "ref": "Abujilban, S., Al-Omari, H., Issa, E., Alhamdan, A., Al-Nabulsi, L., Mrayan, L., . . . Kernohan, W. G. (2024). Effectiveness of Telephone-Based Interpersonal Psychotherapy on Antenatal Depressive Symptoms: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial in The Kingdom of Jordan. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 30(3), 635-645. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/10783903231171595"
        },
        {
          "study": "Amani, 2021",
          "ref": "Amani, B., Merza, D., Savoy, C., Streiner, D., Bieling, P., Ferro, M. A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2021, Nov 9). Peer-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Psychiatry, 83(1). https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.21m13928"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Babiy, 2024",
          "ref": "Babiy, Z., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Xie, F., Brown, J. S. L., Bieling, P. J., . . . Van Lieshout, R. J. (2024). One-Day Peer-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 93(2), 129-140. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000536040"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bengtson, 2023",
          "ref": "Bengtson AM, Filipowicz TR, Mphonda S, Udedi M, Kulisewa K, Meltzer-Brody S, et al. An Intervention to Improve Mental Health and HIV Care Engagement Among Perinatal Women in Malawi: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. AIDS and behavior. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Burns, 2013",
          "ref": "Burns A, O'Mahen H, Baxter H, Bennert K, Wiles N, Ramchandani P, et al. A pilot randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for antenatal depression. BMC psychiatry. 2013;13:33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cooper, 2003",
          "ref": "Cooper PJ, Murray L, Wilson A, Romaniuk H. Controlled trial of the short- and long-term effect of psychological treatment of post-partum depression. I. Impact on maternal mood. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;182(5):412-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dennis, 2020",
          "ref": "Dennis CL, Grigoriadis S, Zupancic J, Kiss A, Ravitz P. Telephone-based nurse-delivered interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression: nationwide randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2020;216(4):189-196."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonseca, 2020",
          "ref": "Fonseca A, Alves S, Monteiro F, Gorayeb R, Canavarro MC. Be a Mom, a Web-Based Intervention to Prevent Postpartum Depression: Results From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behav Ther. 2020;51(4):616-633."
        },
        {
          "study": "Forsell, 2017",
          "ref": "Forsell E, Bendix M, Holländare F, et al. Internet delivered cognitive behavior therapy for antenatal depression: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders 2017; 221: 56-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Goodman, 2015",
          "ref": "Goodman JH, Prager J, Goldstein R, Freeman M. Perinatal Dyadic Psychotherapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2015;18(3):493-506."
        },
        {
          "study": "Grote, 2009",
          "ref": "Grote NK, Swartz HA, Geibel SL, Zuckoff A, Houck PR, Frank E. A randomized controlled trial of culturally relevant, brief interpersonal psychotherapy for perinatal depression. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(3):313-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gureje, 2022",
          "ref": "Gureje, O., Oladeji, B. D., Kola, L., Bello, T., Ayinde, O., Faregh, N., . . . Zelkowitz, P. (2022). Effect of intervention delivered by frontline maternal care providers to improve outcome and parenting skills among adolescents with perinatal depression in Nigeria (the RAPiD study): A cluster randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord, 312, 169-176. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.032"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hamilton, 2020",
          "ref": "Hamilton J, Saxon D, Best E, Glover V, Walters SJ, Kerr IB. A randomised, controlled pilot study of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) for stressed pregnant women with underlying anxiety and depression in a routine health service setting. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy. 2020."
        },
        {
          "study": "Honey, 2002",
          "ref": "Honey KL, Bennett P, Morgan M. A brief psycho‐educational group intervention for postnatal depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2002;41(4):405-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hou, 2014",
          "ref": "Hou Y, Hu P, Zhang Y, Lu Q, Wang D, Yin L, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy in combination with systemic family therapy improves mild to moderate postpartum depression. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. 2014;36(1):47-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huh, 2023",
          "ref": "Huh, K., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Ferro, M. A., Bieling, P. J., Hicks, A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2023). Online Public Health Nurse-Delivered Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Psychiatry, 84(5)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hulsbosch, 2023",
          "ref": "Hulsbosch, L. P., Potharst, E. S., Schwabe, I., Boekhorst, M. G. B. M., Pop, V. J. M., & Nyklíček, I. (2023). Online mindfulness-based intervention for women with pregnancy distress: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 332, 262-272. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.009"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2017",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Zulqernain, F., Carter, L.-A., Chaudhry, I., Fatima, B., Kiran, T., . . . Rahman, A. (2017). Treatment of maternal depression in urban slums of Karachi, Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an integrated maternal psychological and early child development intervention. Asian journal of psychiatry, 29, 63-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021a",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Fatima, B., Chaudhry, I. B., Husain, M., Shah, S., Bassett, P., Cohen, N., Jafri, F., Naeem, S., Zadeh, Z., Roberts, C., Rahman, A., Naeem, F., Husain, M. I., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). An integrated parenting intervention for maternal depression and child development in a low-resource setting: Cluster randomized controlled trial [Article]. Depress Anxiety, 38(9), 925-939. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23169"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021b",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Shah, S., Rahman, A., Raza Ur, R., Saeed, Q., Naeem, S., Bassett, P., Husain, M., Haq, S. U., Jaffery, F., Cohen, N., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). Efficacy of learning through play plus intervention to reduce maternal depression in women with malnourished children: A randomized controlled trial from Pakistan(✰). J Affect Disord, 278, 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2023",
          "ref": "Husain N, Lunat F, Lovell K, Sharma D, Zaidi N, Bokhari A, et al. Exploratory RCT of a group psychological intervention for postnatal depression in British mothers of South Asian origin - ROSHNI-D. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2023;238:103974."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jesse, 2015",
          "ref": "Jesse DE, Gaynes BN, Feldhousen EB, Newton ER, Bunch S, Hollon SD. Performance of a culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention integrated in a public health setting to reduce risk of antepartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2015;60(5):578-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2014",
          "ref": "Jiang L, Wang ZZ, Qiu LR, Wan GB, Lin Y, Wei Z. Psychological intervention for postpartum depression. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology: Medical sciences. 2014;34(3):437-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2013",
          "ref": "Leung SS, Lee AM, Chiang VC, Lam SK, Kuen YW, Wong DF. Culturally sensitive, preventive antenatal group cognitive-behavioural therapy for Chinese women with depression. Internationan Journal of Nursing Practice. 2013;19(Supp 1):28-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2016",
          "ref": "Leung S, Lee A, Wong D, Wong C, Leung K, Chiang V, et al. A brief group intervention using a cognitive-behavioural approach to reduce postnatal depressive symptoms: A randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Medical Journal. 2016;22(1 Supplement 2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Liu, 2021",
          "ref": "Liu, H., & Yang, Y. (2021). Effects of a psychological nursing intervention on prevention of anxiety and depression in the postpartum period: a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Annals of General Psychiatry, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00320-4"
        },
        {
          "study": "Merza, 2023",
          "ref": "Merza D, Amani B, Savoy C, Babiy Z, Bieling PJ, Streiner DL, et al. Online peer‐delivered group cognitive‐behavioral therapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mulcahy, 2010",
          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ngai, 2015",
          "ref": "Ngai FW, Wong P-C, Leung KY, Chau PH, Chung KF. The effect of telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on postnatal depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(5):294-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Mahen, 2013",
          "ref": "O'Mahen HA, Woodford J, McGinley J, Warren FC, Richards DA, Lynch TR, et al. Internet-based behavioral activation--treatment for postnatal depression (Netmums): A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;150(3):814-22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prabhu, 2025",
          "ref": "Prabhu S, George LS, Guruvare S, Noronha JA, Jose TT, Nayak BS, et al. Effectiveness of psychosocial education program on postnatal depression, stress, and perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy among pregnant women in South India. Patient Education and Counseling. 2025;130."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prendergast, 2001",
          "ref": "Prendergast J, Austin MP. Early childhood nurse-delivered cognitive behavioural counselling for post-natal depression. Australasian Psychiatry. 2001;9(3):255-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Psaros, 2022",
          "ref": "Psaros, C., Stanton, A. M., Raggio, G. A., Mosery, N., Goodman, G. R., Briggs, E. S., . . . Safren, S. A. (2022). Optimizing PMTCT Adherence by Treating Depression in Perinatal Women with HIV in South Africa: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of behavioral medicine. doi:10.1007/s12529-022-10071-z"
        },
        {
          "study": "Puckering, 2010",
          "ref": "Puckering C, McIntosh E, Hickey A, Longford J. Mellow Babies: A group intervention for infants and mothers experiencing postnatal depression. Counselling Psychology Review. 2010;25(1):28-38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pugh, 2016",
          "ref": "Pugh, N. E., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Dirkse, D. (2016). A Randomised Controlled Trial of Therapist-Assisted, Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Women with Maternal Depression. PLoS ONE, 11(3), e0149186."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Seo, 2022",
          "ref": "Seo, J. M., Kim, S. J., Na, H., Kim, J. H., & Lee, H. (2022). Effectiveness of a Mobile Application for Postpartum Depression Self-Management: Evidence from a Randomised Controlled Trial in South Korea. Healthcare (Basel), 10(11). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/healthcare10112185"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2021",
          "ref": "Sun, Y., et al. (2021). \"Effectiveness of Smartphone-Based Mindfulness Training on Maternal Perinatal Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(1): e23410."
        },
        {
          "study": "Trevillion, 2020",
          "ref": "Trevillion K, Ryan EG, Pickles A, et al. An exploratory parallel-group randomised controlled trial of antenatal Guided Self-Help (plus usual care) versus usual care alone for pregnant women with depression: DAWN trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020;261:187-197."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Horne, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Horne, B. S., Nong, Y. H., Cain, C. M., Sampson, M., Greeley, C. S., & Puryear, L. (2022). A promising new model of care for postpartum depression: A randomised controlled trial of a brief home visitation program conducted in Houston, Texas, USA. Health Soc Care Community, 30(5), e2203-e2213. doi:10.1111/hsc.13658"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2021",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Brown, J. S. L., Ferro, M. A., Streiner, D. L., . . . Hanna, S. (2021). Effect of Online 1-Day Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops Plus Usual Care vs Usual Care Alone for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(11), 1200-1207. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2488"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Haber, E., Feller, A., Biscaro, A., . . . Ferro, M. A. (2022). Public Health Nurse-delivered Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Can J Psychiatry, 67(6), 432-440. doi:10.1177/07067437221074426"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2023",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout RJ, Layton H, Savoy CD, Xie F, Brown JSL, Huh K, et al. In-person 1-day cognitive behavioral therapy-based workshops for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2023;53(14):6888-98."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vigod, 2021",
          "ref": "Vigod, S. N., Slyfield Cook, G., Macdonald, K., Hussain-Shamsy, N., Brown, H. K., de Oliveira, C., . . . Dennis, C.-L. (2021). Mother matters: Pilot randomized wait‐list controlled trial of an online therapist‐facilitated discussion board and support group for postpartum depression symptoms. Depress Anxiety, 38(8), 816-825. doi:10.1002/da.23163"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2019",
          "ref": "Zhao, Y., Munro-Kramer, M. L., Shi, S., Wang, J., & Zhao, Q. (2019). Effects of antenatal depression screening and intervention among Chinese high-risk pregnant women with medically defined complications: A randomized controlled trial. Early intervention in psychiatry, 13(5), 1090-1098. doi:10.1111/eip.12731"
        }
      ]
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abujilban, 2024",
          "ref": "Abujilban, S., Al-Omari, H., Issa, E., Alhamdan, A., Al-Nabulsi, L., Mrayan, L., . . . Kernohan, W. G. (2024). Effectiveness of Telephone-Based Interpersonal Psychotherapy on Antenatal Depressive Symptoms: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial in The Kingdom of Jordan. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 30(3), 635-645. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/10783903231171595"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alhusen, 2021",
          "ref": "Alhusen, J. L., Hayat, M. J., & Borg, L. (2021, Feb). A pilot study of a group-based perinatal depression intervention on reducing depressive symptoms and improving maternal-fetal attachment and maternal sensitivity. Arch Womens Ment Health, 24(1), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-020-01032-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Amani, 2021",
          "ref": "Amani, B., Merza, D., Savoy, C., Streiner, D., Bieling, P., Ferro, M. A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2021, Nov 9). Peer-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Psychiatry, 83(1). https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.21m13928"
        },
        {
          "study": "Babiy, 2024",
          "ref": "Babiy, Z., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Xie, F., Brown, J. S. L., Bieling, P. J., . . . Van Lieshout, R. J. (2024). One-Day Peer-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 93(2), 129-140. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000536040"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bengtson, 2023",
          "ref": "Bengtson AM, Filipowicz TR, Mphonda S, Udedi M, Kulisewa K, Meltzer-Brody S, et al. An Intervention to Improve Mental Health and HIV Care Engagement Among Perinatal Women in Malawi: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. AIDS and behavior. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Burns, 2013",
          "ref": "Burns A, O'Mahen H, Baxter H, Bennert K, Wiles N, Ramchandani P, et al. A pilot randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for antenatal depression. BMC psychiatry. 2013;13:33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cooper, 2003",
          "ref": "Cooper PJ, Murray L, Wilson A, Romaniuk H. Controlled trial of the short- and long-term effect of psychological treatment of post-partum depression. I. Impact on maternal mood. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;182(5):412-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dennis, 2020",
          "ref": "Dennis CL, Grigoriadis S, Zupancic J, Kiss A, Ravitz P. Telephone-based nurse-delivered interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression: nationwide randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2020;216(4):189-196."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonseca, 2020",
          "ref": "Fonseca A, Alves S, Monteiro F, Gorayeb R, Canavarro MC. Be a Mom, a Web-Based Intervention to Prevent Postpartum Depression: Results From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behav Ther. 2020;51(4):616-633."
        },
        {
          "study": "Forsell, 2017",
          "ref": "Forsell E, Bendix M, Holländare F, et al. Internet delivered cognitive behavior therapy for antenatal depression: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders 2017; 221: 56-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Goodman, 2015",
          "ref": "Goodman JH, Prager J, Goldstein R, Freeman M. Perinatal Dyadic Psychotherapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2015;18(3):493-506."
        },
        {
          "study": "Grote, 2009",
          "ref": "Grote NK, Swartz HA, Geibel SL, Zuckoff A, Houck PR, Frank E. A randomized controlled trial of culturally relevant, brief interpersonal psychotherapy for perinatal depression. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(3):313-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hamilton, 2020",
          "ref": "Hamilton J, Saxon D, Best E, Glover V, Walters SJ, Kerr IB. A randomised, controlled pilot study of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) for stressed pregnant women with underlying anxiety and depression in a routine health service setting. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy. 2020."
        },
        {
          "study": "Honey, 2002",
          "ref": "Honey KL, Bennett P, Morgan M. A brief psycho‐educational group intervention for postnatal depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2002;41(4):405-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hou, 2014",
          "ref": "Hou Y, Hu P, Zhang Y, Lu Q, Wang D, Yin L, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy in combination with systemic family therapy improves mild to moderate postpartum depression. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. 2014;36(1):47-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huh, 2023",
          "ref": "Huh, K., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Ferro, M. A., Bieling, P. J., Hicks, A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2023). Online Public Health Nurse-Delivered Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Psychiatry, 84(5)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hulsbosch, 2023",
          "ref": "Hulsbosch, L. P., Potharst, E. S., Schwabe, I., Boekhorst, M. G. B. M., Pop, V. J. M., & Nyklíček, I. (2023). Online mindfulness-based intervention for women with pregnancy distress: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 332, 262-272. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.009"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2017",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Zulqernain, F., Carter, L.-A., Chaudhry, I., Fatima, B., Kiran, T., . . . Rahman, A. (2017). Treatment of maternal depression in urban slums of Karachi, Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an integrated maternal psychological and early child development intervention. Asian journal of psychiatry, 29, 63-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021a",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Fatima, B., Chaudhry, I. B., Husain, M., Shah, S., Bassett, P., Cohen, N., Jafri, F., Naeem, S., Zadeh, Z., Roberts, C., Rahman, A., Naeem, F., Husain, M. I., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). An integrated parenting intervention for maternal depression and child development in a low-resource setting: Cluster randomized controlled trial [Article]. Depress Anxiety, 38(9), 925-939. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23169"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021b",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Shah, S., Rahman, A., Raza Ur, R., Saeed, Q., Naeem, S., Bassett, P., Husain, M., Haq, S. U., Jaffery, F., Cohen, N., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). Efficacy of learning through play plus intervention to reduce maternal depression in women with malnourished children: A randomized controlled trial from Pakistan(✰). J Affect Disord, 278, 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2023",
          "ref": "Husain N, Lunat F, Lovell K, Sharma D, Zaidi N, Bokhari A, et al. Exploratory RCT of a group psychological intervention for postnatal depression in British mothers of South Asian origin - ROSHNI-D. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2023;238:103974."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jesse, 2015",
          "ref": "Jesse DE, Gaynes BN, Feldhousen EB, Newton ER, Bunch S, Hollon SD. Performance of a culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention integrated in a public health setting to reduce risk of antepartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2015;60(5):578-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2014",
          "ref": "Jiang L, Wang ZZ, Qiu LR, Wan GB, Lin Y, Wei Z. Psychological intervention for postpartum depression. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology: Medical sciences. 2014;34(3):437-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lenze, 2017",
          "ref": "Lenze, S., & Potts, M. (2017). Brief Interpersonal Psychotherapy for depression during pregnancy in a low-income population: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 210, 151-157."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2013",
          "ref": "Leung SS, Lee AM, Chiang VC, Lam SK, Kuen YW, Wong DF. Culturally sensitive, preventive antenatal group cognitive-behavioural therapy for Chinese women with depression. Internationan Journal of Nursing Practice. 2013;19(Supp 1):28-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2016",
          "ref": "Leung S, Lee A, Wong D, Wong C, Leung K, Chiang V, et al. A brief group intervention using a cognitive-behavioural approach to reduce postnatal depressive symptoms: A randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Medical Journal. 2016;22(1 Supplement 2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Liu, 2021",
          "ref": "Liu, H., & Yang, Y. (2021). Effects of a psychological nursing intervention on prevention of anxiety and depression in the postpartum period: a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Annals of General Psychiatry, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00320-4"
        },
        {
          "study": "Merza, 2023",
          "ref": "Merza D, Amani B, Savoy C, Babiy Z, Bieling PJ, Streiner DL, et al. Online peer‐delivered group cognitive‐behavioral therapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mulcahy, 2010",
          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ngai, 2015",
          "ref": "Ngai FW, Wong P-C, Leung KY, Chau PH, Chung KF. The effect of telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on postnatal depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(5):294-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Mahen, 2013",
          "ref": "O'Mahen HA, Woodford J, McGinley J, Warren FC, Richards DA, Lynch TR, et al. Internet-based behavioral activation--treatment for postnatal depression (Netmums): A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;150(3):814-22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prabhu, 2025",
          "ref": "Prabhu S, George LS, Guruvare S, Noronha JA, Jose TT, Nayak BS, et al. Effectiveness of psychosocial education program on postnatal depression, stress, and perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy among pregnant women in South India. Patient Education and Counseling. 2025;130."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prendergast, 2001",
          "ref": "Prendergast J, Austin MP. Early childhood nurse-delivered cognitive behavioural counselling for post-natal depression. Australasian Psychiatry. 2001;9(3):255-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Psaros, 2022",
          "ref": "Psaros, C., Stanton, A. M., Raggio, G. A., Mosery, N., Goodman, G. R., Briggs, E. S., . . . Safren, S. A. (2022). Optimizing PMTCT Adherence by Treating Depression in Perinatal Women with HIV in South Africa: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of behavioral medicine. doi:10.1007/s12529-022-10071-z"
        },
        {
          "study": "Puckering, 2010",
          "ref": "Puckering C, McIntosh E, Hickey A, Longford J. Mellow Babies: A group intervention for infants and mothers experiencing postnatal depression. Counselling Psychology Review. 2010;25(1):28-38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pugh, 2016",
          "ref": "Pugh, N. E., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Dirkse, D. (2016). A Randomised Controlled Trial of Therapist-Assisted, Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Women with Maternal Depression. PLoS ONE, 11(3), e0149186."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Seo, 2022",
          "ref": "Seo, J. M., Kim, S. J., Na, H., Kim, J. H., & Lee, H. (2022). Effectiveness of a Mobile Application for Postpartum Depression Self-Management: Evidence from a Randomised Controlled Trial in South Korea. Healthcare (Basel), 10(11). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/healthcare10112185"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2021",
          "ref": "Sun, Y., et al. (2021). \"Effectiveness of Smartphone-Based Mindfulness Training on Maternal Perinatal Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(1): e23410."
        },
        {
          "study": "Trevillion, 2020",
          "ref": "Trevillion K, Ryan EG, Pickles A, et al. An exploratory parallel-group randomised controlled trial of antenatal Guided Self-Help (plus usual care) versus usual care alone for pregnant women with depression: DAWN trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020;261:187-197."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Horne, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Horne, B. S., Nong, Y. H., Cain, C. M., Sampson, M., Greeley, C. S., & Puryear, L. (2022). A promising new model of care for postpartum depression: A randomised controlled trial of a brief home visitation program conducted in Houston, Texas, USA. Health Soc Care Community, 30(5), e2203-e2213. doi:10.1111/hsc.13658"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2021",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Brown, J. S. L., Ferro, M. A., Streiner, D. L., . . . Hanna, S. (2021). Effect of Online 1-Day Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops Plus Usual Care vs Usual Care Alone for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(11), 1200-1207. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2488"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Haber, E., Feller, A., Biscaro, A., . . . Ferro, M. A. (2022). Public Health Nurse-delivered Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Can J Psychiatry, 67(6), 432-440. doi:10.1177/07067437221074426"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2023",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout RJ, Layton H, Savoy CD, Xie F, Brown JSL, Huh K, et al. In-person 1-day cognitive behavioral therapy-based workshops for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2023;53(14):6888-98."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vigod, 2021",
          "ref": "Vigod, S. N., Slyfield Cook, G., Macdonald, K., Hussain-Shamsy, N., Brown, H. K., de Oliveira, C., . . . Dennis, C.-L. (2021). Mother matters: Pilot randomized wait‐list controlled trial of an online therapist‐facilitated discussion board and support group for postpartum depression symptoms. Depress Anxiety, 38(8), 816-825. doi:10.1002/da.23163"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2019",
          "ref": "Zhao, Y., Munro-Kramer, M. L., Shi, S., Wang, J., & Zhao, Q. (2019). Effects of antenatal depression screening and intervention among Chinese high-risk pregnant women with medically defined complications: A randomized controlled trial. Early intervention in psychiatry, 13(5), 1090-1098. doi:10.1111/eip.12731"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "k": 49,
      "k_es": 52,
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      "hi": 5.077,
      "tau2": 0.0765,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abujilban, 2024",
          "ref": "Abujilban, S., Al-Omari, H., Issa, E., Alhamdan, A., Al-Nabulsi, L., Mrayan, L., . . . Kernohan, W. G. (2024). Effectiveness of Telephone-Based Interpersonal Psychotherapy on Antenatal Depressive Symptoms: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial in The Kingdom of Jordan. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 30(3), 635-645. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/10783903231171595"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alhusen, 2021",
          "ref": "Alhusen, J. L., Hayat, M. J., & Borg, L. (2021, Feb). A pilot study of a group-based perinatal depression intervention on reducing depressive symptoms and improving maternal-fetal attachment and maternal sensitivity. Arch Womens Ment Health, 24(1), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-020-01032-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Amani, 2021",
          "ref": "Amani, B., Merza, D., Savoy, C., Streiner, D., Bieling, P., Ferro, M. A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2021, Nov 9). Peer-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Psychiatry, 83(1). https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.21m13928"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Babiy, 2024",
          "ref": "Babiy, Z., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Xie, F., Brown, J. S. L., Bieling, P. J., . . . Van Lieshout, R. J. (2024). One-Day Peer-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 93(2), 129-140. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000536040"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bengtson, 2023",
          "ref": "Bengtson AM, Filipowicz TR, Mphonda S, Udedi M, Kulisewa K, Meltzer-Brody S, et al. An Intervention to Improve Mental Health and HIV Care Engagement Among Perinatal Women in Malawi: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. AIDS and behavior. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Burns, 2013",
          "ref": "Burns A, O'Mahen H, Baxter H, Bennert K, Wiles N, Ramchandani P, et al. A pilot randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for antenatal depression. BMC psychiatry. 2013;13:33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cooper, 2003",
          "ref": "Cooper PJ, Murray L, Wilson A, Romaniuk H. Controlled trial of the short- and long-term effect of psychological treatment of post-partum depression. I. Impact on maternal mood. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;182(5):412-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dennis, 2020",
          "ref": "Dennis CL, Grigoriadis S, Zupancic J, Kiss A, Ravitz P. Telephone-based nurse-delivered interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression: nationwide randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2020;216(4):189-196."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonseca, 2020",
          "ref": "Fonseca A, Alves S, Monteiro F, Gorayeb R, Canavarro MC. Be a Mom, a Web-Based Intervention to Prevent Postpartum Depression: Results From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behav Ther. 2020;51(4):616-633."
        },
        {
          "study": "Forsell, 2017",
          "ref": "Forsell E, Bendix M, Holländare F, et al. Internet delivered cognitive behavior therapy for antenatal depression: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders 2017; 221: 56-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Goodman, 2015",
          "ref": "Goodman JH, Prager J, Goldstein R, Freeman M. Perinatal Dyadic Psychotherapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2015;18(3):493-506."
        },
        {
          "study": "Grote, 2009",
          "ref": "Grote NK, Swartz HA, Geibel SL, Zuckoff A, Houck PR, Frank E. A randomized controlled trial of culturally relevant, brief interpersonal psychotherapy for perinatal depression. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(3):313-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gureje, 2022",
          "ref": "Gureje, O., Oladeji, B. D., Kola, L., Bello, T., Ayinde, O., Faregh, N., . . . Zelkowitz, P. (2022). Effect of intervention delivered by frontline maternal care providers to improve outcome and parenting skills among adolescents with perinatal depression in Nigeria (the RAPiD study): A cluster randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord, 312, 169-176. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.032"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hamilton, 2020",
          "ref": "Hamilton J, Saxon D, Best E, Glover V, Walters SJ, Kerr IB. A randomised, controlled pilot study of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) for stressed pregnant women with underlying anxiety and depression in a routine health service setting. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy. 2020."
        },
        {
          "study": "Honey, 2002",
          "ref": "Honey KL, Bennett P, Morgan M. A brief psycho‐educational group intervention for postnatal depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2002;41(4):405-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hou, 2014",
          "ref": "Hou Y, Hu P, Zhang Y, Lu Q, Wang D, Yin L, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy in combination with systemic family therapy improves mild to moderate postpartum depression. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. 2014;36(1):47-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huh, 2023",
          "ref": "Huh, K., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Ferro, M. A., Bieling, P. J., Hicks, A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2023). Online Public Health Nurse-Delivered Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Psychiatry, 84(5)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hulsbosch, 2023",
          "ref": "Hulsbosch, L. P., Potharst, E. S., Schwabe, I., Boekhorst, M. G. B. M., Pop, V. J. M., & Nyklíček, I. (2023). Online mindfulness-based intervention for women with pregnancy distress: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 332, 262-272. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.009"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2017",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Zulqernain, F., Carter, L.-A., Chaudhry, I., Fatima, B., Kiran, T., . . . Rahman, A. (2017). Treatment of maternal depression in urban slums of Karachi, Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an integrated maternal psychological and early child development intervention. Asian journal of psychiatry, 29, 63-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021a",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Fatima, B., Chaudhry, I. B., Husain, M., Shah, S., Bassett, P., Cohen, N., Jafri, F., Naeem, S., Zadeh, Z., Roberts, C., Rahman, A., Naeem, F., Husain, M. I., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). An integrated parenting intervention for maternal depression and child development in a low-resource setting: Cluster randomized controlled trial [Article]. Depress Anxiety, 38(9), 925-939. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23169"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021b",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Shah, S., Rahman, A., Raza Ur, R., Saeed, Q., Naeem, S., Bassett, P., Husain, M., Haq, S. U., Jaffery, F., Cohen, N., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). Efficacy of learning through play plus intervention to reduce maternal depression in women with malnourished children: A randomized controlled trial from Pakistan(✰). J Affect Disord, 278, 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2023",
          "ref": "Husain N, Lunat F, Lovell K, Sharma D, Zaidi N, Bokhari A, et al. Exploratory RCT of a group psychological intervention for postnatal depression in British mothers of South Asian origin - ROSHNI-D. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2023;238:103974."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jesse, 2015",
          "ref": "Jesse DE, Gaynes BN, Feldhousen EB, Newton ER, Bunch S, Hollon SD. Performance of a culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention integrated in a public health setting to reduce risk of antepartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2015;60(5):578-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2014",
          "ref": "Jiang L, Wang ZZ, Qiu LR, Wan GB, Lin Y, Wei Z. Psychological intervention for postpartum depression. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology: Medical sciences. 2014;34(3):437-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lenze, 2017",
          "ref": "Lenze, S., & Potts, M. (2017). Brief Interpersonal Psychotherapy for depression during pregnancy in a low-income population: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 210, 151-157."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2013",
          "ref": "Leung SS, Lee AM, Chiang VC, Lam SK, Kuen YW, Wong DF. Culturally sensitive, preventive antenatal group cognitive-behavioural therapy for Chinese women with depression. Internationan Journal of Nursing Practice. 2013;19(Supp 1):28-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2016",
          "ref": "Leung S, Lee A, Wong D, Wong C, Leung K, Chiang V, et al. A brief group intervention using a cognitive-behavioural approach to reduce postnatal depressive symptoms: A randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Medical Journal. 2016;22(1 Supplement 2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Liu, 2021",
          "ref": "Liu, H., & Yang, Y. (2021). Effects of a psychological nursing intervention on prevention of anxiety and depression in the postpartum period: a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Annals of General Psychiatry, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00320-4"
        },
        {
          "study": "Merza, 2023",
          "ref": "Merza D, Amani B, Savoy C, Babiy Z, Bieling PJ, Streiner DL, et al. Online peer‐delivered group cognitive‐behavioral therapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mulcahy, 2010",
          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ngai, 2015",
          "ref": "Ngai FW, Wong P-C, Leung KY, Chau PH, Chung KF. The effect of telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on postnatal depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(5):294-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Mahen, 2013",
          "ref": "O'Mahen HA, Woodford J, McGinley J, Warren FC, Richards DA, Lynch TR, et al. Internet-based behavioral activation--treatment for postnatal depression (Netmums): A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;150(3):814-22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prabhu, 2025",
          "ref": "Prabhu S, George LS, Guruvare S, Noronha JA, Jose TT, Nayak BS, et al. Effectiveness of psychosocial education program on postnatal depression, stress, and perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy among pregnant women in South India. Patient Education and Counseling. 2025;130."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prendergast, 2001",
          "ref": "Prendergast J, Austin MP. Early childhood nurse-delivered cognitive behavioural counselling for post-natal depression. Australasian Psychiatry. 2001;9(3):255-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Psaros, 2022",
          "ref": "Psaros, C., Stanton, A. M., Raggio, G. A., Mosery, N., Goodman, G. R., Briggs, E. S., . . . Safren, S. A. (2022). Optimizing PMTCT Adherence by Treating Depression in Perinatal Women with HIV in South Africa: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of behavioral medicine. doi:10.1007/s12529-022-10071-z"
        },
        {
          "study": "Puckering, 2010",
          "ref": "Puckering C, McIntosh E, Hickey A, Longford J. Mellow Babies: A group intervention for infants and mothers experiencing postnatal depression. Counselling Psychology Review. 2010;25(1):28-38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pugh, 2016",
          "ref": "Pugh, N. E., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Dirkse, D. (2016). A Randomised Controlled Trial of Therapist-Assisted, Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Women with Maternal Depression. PLoS ONE, 11(3), e0149186."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Seo, 2022",
          "ref": "Seo, J. M., Kim, S. J., Na, H., Kim, J. H., & Lee, H. (2022). Effectiveness of a Mobile Application for Postpartum Depression Self-Management: Evidence from a Randomised Controlled Trial in South Korea. Healthcare (Basel), 10(11). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/healthcare10112185"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2021",
          "ref": "Sun, Y., et al. (2021). \"Effectiveness of Smartphone-Based Mindfulness Training on Maternal Perinatal Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(1): e23410."
        },
        {
          "study": "Trevillion, 2020",
          "ref": "Trevillion K, Ryan EG, Pickles A, et al. An exploratory parallel-group randomised controlled trial of antenatal Guided Self-Help (plus usual care) versus usual care alone for pregnant women with depression: DAWN trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020;261:187-197."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Horne, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Horne, B. S., Nong, Y. H., Cain, C. M., Sampson, M., Greeley, C. S., & Puryear, L. (2022). A promising new model of care for postpartum depression: A randomised controlled trial of a brief home visitation program conducted in Houston, Texas, USA. Health Soc Care Community, 30(5), e2203-e2213. doi:10.1111/hsc.13658"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2021",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Brown, J. S. L., Ferro, M. A., Streiner, D. L., . . . Hanna, S. (2021). Effect of Online 1-Day Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops Plus Usual Care vs Usual Care Alone for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(11), 1200-1207. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2488"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Haber, E., Feller, A., Biscaro, A., . . . Ferro, M. A. (2022). Public Health Nurse-delivered Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Can J Psychiatry, 67(6), 432-440. doi:10.1177/07067437221074426"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2023",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout RJ, Layton H, Savoy CD, Xie F, Brown JSL, Huh K, et al. In-person 1-day cognitive behavioral therapy-based workshops for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2023;53(14):6888-98."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vigod, 2021",
          "ref": "Vigod, S. N., Slyfield Cook, G., Macdonald, K., Hussain-Shamsy, N., Brown, H. K., de Oliveira, C., . . . Dennis, C.-L. (2021). Mother matters: Pilot randomized wait‐list controlled trial of an online therapist‐facilitated discussion board and support group for postpartum depression symptoms. Depress Anxiety, 38(8), 816-825. doi:10.1002/da.23163"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2019",
          "ref": "Zhao, Y., Munro-Kramer, M. L., Shi, S., Wang, J., & Zhao, Q. (2019). Effects of antenatal depression screening and intervention among Chinese high-risk pregnant women with medically defined complications: A randomized controlled trial. Early intervention in psychiatry, 13(5), 1090-1098. doi:10.1111/eip.12731"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 543,
      "instr": "EPDS",
      "full": "Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Comorbidity",
      "sgv": "No comorbidity",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 46,
      "k_es": 49,
      "sd": 4.626,
      "lo": 4.24,
      "hi": 5.047,
      "tau2": 0.084,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 2.604,
      "phi": 8.219,
      "i2": 96.3,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abujilban, 2024",
          "ref": "Abujilban, S., Al-Omari, H., Issa, E., Alhamdan, A., Al-Nabulsi, L., Mrayan, L., . . . Kernohan, W. G. (2024). Effectiveness of Telephone-Based Interpersonal Psychotherapy on Antenatal Depressive Symptoms: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial in The Kingdom of Jordan. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 30(3), 635-645. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/10783903231171595"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alhusen, 2021",
          "ref": "Alhusen, J. L., Hayat, M. J., & Borg, L. (2021, Feb). A pilot study of a group-based perinatal depression intervention on reducing depressive symptoms and improving maternal-fetal attachment and maternal sensitivity. Arch Womens Ment Health, 24(1), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-020-01032-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Amani, 2021",
          "ref": "Amani, B., Merza, D., Savoy, C., Streiner, D., Bieling, P., Ferro, M. A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2021, Nov 9). Peer-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Psychiatry, 83(1). https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.21m13928"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Babiy, 2024",
          "ref": "Babiy, Z., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Xie, F., Brown, J. S. L., Bieling, P. J., . . . Van Lieshout, R. J. (2024). One-Day Peer-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 93(2), 129-140. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000536040"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bengtson, 2023",
          "ref": "Bengtson AM, Filipowicz TR, Mphonda S, Udedi M, Kulisewa K, Meltzer-Brody S, et al. An Intervention to Improve Mental Health and HIV Care Engagement Among Perinatal Women in Malawi: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. AIDS and behavior. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Burns, 2013",
          "ref": "Burns A, O'Mahen H, Baxter H, Bennert K, Wiles N, Ramchandani P, et al. A pilot randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for antenatal depression. BMC psychiatry. 2013;13:33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cooper, 2003",
          "ref": "Cooper PJ, Murray L, Wilson A, Romaniuk H. Controlled trial of the short- and long-term effect of psychological treatment of post-partum depression. I. Impact on maternal mood. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;182(5):412-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dennis, 2020",
          "ref": "Dennis CL, Grigoriadis S, Zupancic J, Kiss A, Ravitz P. Telephone-based nurse-delivered interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression: nationwide randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2020;216(4):189-196."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonseca, 2020",
          "ref": "Fonseca A, Alves S, Monteiro F, Gorayeb R, Canavarro MC. Be a Mom, a Web-Based Intervention to Prevent Postpartum Depression: Results From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behav Ther. 2020;51(4):616-633."
        },
        {
          "study": "Forsell, 2017",
          "ref": "Forsell E, Bendix M, Holländare F, et al. Internet delivered cognitive behavior therapy for antenatal depression: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders 2017; 221: 56-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Goodman, 2015",
          "ref": "Goodman JH, Prager J, Goldstein R, Freeman M. Perinatal Dyadic Psychotherapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2015;18(3):493-506."
        },
        {
          "study": "Grote, 2009",
          "ref": "Grote NK, Swartz HA, Geibel SL, Zuckoff A, Houck PR, Frank E. A randomized controlled trial of culturally relevant, brief interpersonal psychotherapy for perinatal depression. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(3):313-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gureje, 2022",
          "ref": "Gureje, O., Oladeji, B. D., Kola, L., Bello, T., Ayinde, O., Faregh, N., . . . Zelkowitz, P. (2022). Effect of intervention delivered by frontline maternal care providers to improve outcome and parenting skills among adolescents with perinatal depression in Nigeria (the RAPiD study): A cluster randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord, 312, 169-176. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.032"
        },
        {
          "study": "Honey, 2002",
          "ref": "Honey KL, Bennett P, Morgan M. A brief psycho‐educational group intervention for postnatal depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2002;41(4):405-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hou, 2014",
          "ref": "Hou Y, Hu P, Zhang Y, Lu Q, Wang D, Yin L, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy in combination with systemic family therapy improves mild to moderate postpartum depression. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. 2014;36(1):47-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huh, 2023",
          "ref": "Huh, K., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Ferro, M. A., Bieling, P. J., Hicks, A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2023). Online Public Health Nurse-Delivered Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Psychiatry, 84(5)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2017",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Zulqernain, F., Carter, L.-A., Chaudhry, I., Fatima, B., Kiran, T., . . . Rahman, A. (2017). Treatment of maternal depression in urban slums of Karachi, Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an integrated maternal psychological and early child development intervention. Asian journal of psychiatry, 29, 63-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021a",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Fatima, B., Chaudhry, I. B., Husain, M., Shah, S., Bassett, P., Cohen, N., Jafri, F., Naeem, S., Zadeh, Z., Roberts, C., Rahman, A., Naeem, F., Husain, M. I., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). An integrated parenting intervention for maternal depression and child development in a low-resource setting: Cluster randomized controlled trial [Article]. Depress Anxiety, 38(9), 925-939. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23169"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021b",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Shah, S., Rahman, A., Raza Ur, R., Saeed, Q., Naeem, S., Bassett, P., Husain, M., Haq, S. U., Jaffery, F., Cohen, N., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). Efficacy of learning through play plus intervention to reduce maternal depression in women with malnourished children: A randomized controlled trial from Pakistan(✰). J Affect Disord, 278, 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2023",
          "ref": "Husain N, Lunat F, Lovell K, Sharma D, Zaidi N, Bokhari A, et al. Exploratory RCT of a group psychological intervention for postnatal depression in British mothers of South Asian origin - ROSHNI-D. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2023;238:103974."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jesse, 2015",
          "ref": "Jesse DE, Gaynes BN, Feldhousen EB, Newton ER, Bunch S, Hollon SD. Performance of a culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention integrated in a public health setting to reduce risk of antepartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2015;60(5):578-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2014",
          "ref": "Jiang L, Wang ZZ, Qiu LR, Wan GB, Lin Y, Wei Z. Psychological intervention for postpartum depression. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology: Medical sciences. 2014;34(3):437-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lenze, 2017",
          "ref": "Lenze, S., & Potts, M. (2017). Brief Interpersonal Psychotherapy for depression during pregnancy in a low-income population: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 210, 151-157."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2013",
          "ref": "Leung SS, Lee AM, Chiang VC, Lam SK, Kuen YW, Wong DF. Culturally sensitive, preventive antenatal group cognitive-behavioural therapy for Chinese women with depression. Internationan Journal of Nursing Practice. 2013;19(Supp 1):28-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2016",
          "ref": "Leung S, Lee A, Wong D, Wong C, Leung K, Chiang V, et al. A brief group intervention using a cognitive-behavioural approach to reduce postnatal depressive symptoms: A randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Medical Journal. 2016;22(1 Supplement 2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Liu, 2021",
          "ref": "Liu, H., & Yang, Y. (2021). Effects of a psychological nursing intervention on prevention of anxiety and depression in the postpartum period: a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Annals of General Psychiatry, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00320-4"
        },
        {
          "study": "Merza, 2023",
          "ref": "Merza D, Amani B, Savoy C, Babiy Z, Bieling PJ, Streiner DL, et al. Online peer‐delivered group cognitive‐behavioral therapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mulcahy, 2010",
          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ngai, 2015",
          "ref": "Ngai FW, Wong P-C, Leung KY, Chau PH, Chung KF. The effect of telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on postnatal depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(5):294-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Mahen, 2013",
          "ref": "O'Mahen HA, Woodford J, McGinley J, Warren FC, Richards DA, Lynch TR, et al. Internet-based behavioral activation--treatment for postnatal depression (Netmums): A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;150(3):814-22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prabhu, 2025",
          "ref": "Prabhu S, George LS, Guruvare S, Noronha JA, Jose TT, Nayak BS, et al. Effectiveness of psychosocial education program on postnatal depression, stress, and perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy among pregnant women in South India. Patient Education and Counseling. 2025;130."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prendergast, 2001",
          "ref": "Prendergast J, Austin MP. Early childhood nurse-delivered cognitive behavioural counselling for post-natal depression. Australasian Psychiatry. 2001;9(3):255-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Psaros, 2022",
          "ref": "Psaros, C., Stanton, A. M., Raggio, G. A., Mosery, N., Goodman, G. R., Briggs, E. S., . . . Safren, S. A. (2022). Optimizing PMTCT Adherence by Treating Depression in Perinatal Women with HIV in South Africa: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of behavioral medicine. doi:10.1007/s12529-022-10071-z"
        },
        {
          "study": "Puckering, 2010",
          "ref": "Puckering C, McIntosh E, Hickey A, Longford J. Mellow Babies: A group intervention for infants and mothers experiencing postnatal depression. Counselling Psychology Review. 2010;25(1):28-38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pugh, 2016",
          "ref": "Pugh, N. E., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Dirkse, D. (2016). A Randomised Controlled Trial of Therapist-Assisted, Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Women with Maternal Depression. PLoS ONE, 11(3), e0149186."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Seo, 2022",
          "ref": "Seo, J. M., Kim, S. J., Na, H., Kim, J. H., & Lee, H. (2022). Effectiveness of a Mobile Application for Postpartum Depression Self-Management: Evidence from a Randomised Controlled Trial in South Korea. Healthcare (Basel), 10(11). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/healthcare10112185"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2021",
          "ref": "Sun, Y., et al. (2021). \"Effectiveness of Smartphone-Based Mindfulness Training on Maternal Perinatal Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(1): e23410."
        },
        {
          "study": "Trevillion, 2020",
          "ref": "Trevillion K, Ryan EG, Pickles A, et al. An exploratory parallel-group randomised controlled trial of antenatal Guided Self-Help (plus usual care) versus usual care alone for pregnant women with depression: DAWN trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020;261:187-197."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Horne, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Horne, B. S., Nong, Y. H., Cain, C. M., Sampson, M., Greeley, C. S., & Puryear, L. (2022). A promising new model of care for postpartum depression: A randomised controlled trial of a brief home visitation program conducted in Houston, Texas, USA. Health Soc Care Community, 30(5), e2203-e2213. doi:10.1111/hsc.13658"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2021",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Brown, J. S. L., Ferro, M. A., Streiner, D. L., . . . Hanna, S. (2021). Effect of Online 1-Day Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops Plus Usual Care vs Usual Care Alone for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(11), 1200-1207. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2488"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Haber, E., Feller, A., Biscaro, A., . . . Ferro, M. A. (2022). Public Health Nurse-delivered Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Can J Psychiatry, 67(6), 432-440. doi:10.1177/07067437221074426"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2023",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout RJ, Layton H, Savoy CD, Xie F, Brown JSL, Huh K, et al. In-person 1-day cognitive behavioral therapy-based workshops for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2023;53(14):6888-98."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vigod, 2021",
          "ref": "Vigod, S. N., Slyfield Cook, G., Macdonald, K., Hussain-Shamsy, N., Brown, H. K., de Oliveira, C., . . . Dennis, C.-L. (2021). Mother matters: Pilot randomized wait‐list controlled trial of an online therapist‐facilitated discussion board and support group for postpartum depression symptoms. Depress Anxiety, 38(8), 816-825. doi:10.1002/da.23163"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2019",
          "ref": "Zhao, Y., Munro-Kramer, M. L., Shi, S., Wang, J., & Zhao, Q. (2019). Effects of antenatal depression screening and intervention among Chinese high-risk pregnant women with medically defined complications: A randomized controlled trial. Early intervention in psychiatry, 13(5), 1090-1098. doi:10.1111/eip.12731"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 544,
      "instr": "EPDS",
      "full": "Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Comorbidity",
      "sgv": "No comorbidity",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 49,
      "k_es": 52,
      "sd": 4.663,
      "lo": 4.283,
      "hi": 5.077,
      "tau2": 0.0765,
      "tau2w": 0.0042,
      "plo": 2.656,
      "phi": 8.189,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abujilban, 2024",
          "ref": "Abujilban, S., Al-Omari, H., Issa, E., Alhamdan, A., Al-Nabulsi, L., Mrayan, L., . . . Kernohan, W. G. (2024). Effectiveness of Telephone-Based Interpersonal Psychotherapy on Antenatal Depressive Symptoms: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial in The Kingdom of Jordan. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 30(3), 635-645. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/10783903231171595"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alhusen, 2021",
          "ref": "Alhusen, J. L., Hayat, M. J., & Borg, L. (2021, Feb). A pilot study of a group-based perinatal depression intervention on reducing depressive symptoms and improving maternal-fetal attachment and maternal sensitivity. Arch Womens Ment Health, 24(1), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-020-01032-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Amani, 2021",
          "ref": "Amani, B., Merza, D., Savoy, C., Streiner, D., Bieling, P., Ferro, M. A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2021, Nov 9). Peer-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Psychiatry, 83(1). https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.21m13928"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Babiy, 2024",
          "ref": "Babiy, Z., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Xie, F., Brown, J. S. L., Bieling, P. J., . . . Van Lieshout, R. J. (2024). One-Day Peer-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 93(2), 129-140. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000536040"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bengtson, 2023",
          "ref": "Bengtson AM, Filipowicz TR, Mphonda S, Udedi M, Kulisewa K, Meltzer-Brody S, et al. An Intervention to Improve Mental Health and HIV Care Engagement Among Perinatal Women in Malawi: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. AIDS and behavior. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Burns, 2013",
          "ref": "Burns A, O'Mahen H, Baxter H, Bennert K, Wiles N, Ramchandani P, et al. A pilot randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for antenatal depression. BMC psychiatry. 2013;13:33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cooper, 2003",
          "ref": "Cooper PJ, Murray L, Wilson A, Romaniuk H. Controlled trial of the short- and long-term effect of psychological treatment of post-partum depression. I. Impact on maternal mood. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;182(5):412-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dennis, 2020",
          "ref": "Dennis CL, Grigoriadis S, Zupancic J, Kiss A, Ravitz P. Telephone-based nurse-delivered interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression: nationwide randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2020;216(4):189-196."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonseca, 2020",
          "ref": "Fonseca A, Alves S, Monteiro F, Gorayeb R, Canavarro MC. Be a Mom, a Web-Based Intervention to Prevent Postpartum Depression: Results From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behav Ther. 2020;51(4):616-633."
        },
        {
          "study": "Forsell, 2017",
          "ref": "Forsell E, Bendix M, Holländare F, et al. Internet delivered cognitive behavior therapy for antenatal depression: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders 2017; 221: 56-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Goodman, 2015",
          "ref": "Goodman JH, Prager J, Goldstein R, Freeman M. Perinatal Dyadic Psychotherapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2015;18(3):493-506."
        },
        {
          "study": "Grote, 2009",
          "ref": "Grote NK, Swartz HA, Geibel SL, Zuckoff A, Houck PR, Frank E. A randomized controlled trial of culturally relevant, brief interpersonal psychotherapy for perinatal depression. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(3):313-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gureje, 2022",
          "ref": "Gureje, O., Oladeji, B. D., Kola, L., Bello, T., Ayinde, O., Faregh, N., . . . Zelkowitz, P. (2022). Effect of intervention delivered by frontline maternal care providers to improve outcome and parenting skills among adolescents with perinatal depression in Nigeria (the RAPiD study): A cluster randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord, 312, 169-176. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.032"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hamilton, 2020",
          "ref": "Hamilton J, Saxon D, Best E, Glover V, Walters SJ, Kerr IB. A randomised, controlled pilot study of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) for stressed pregnant women with underlying anxiety and depression in a routine health service setting. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy. 2020."
        },
        {
          "study": "Honey, 2002",
          "ref": "Honey KL, Bennett P, Morgan M. A brief psycho‐educational group intervention for postnatal depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2002;41(4):405-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hou, 2014",
          "ref": "Hou Y, Hu P, Zhang Y, Lu Q, Wang D, Yin L, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy in combination with systemic family therapy improves mild to moderate postpartum depression. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. 2014;36(1):47-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huh, 2023",
          "ref": "Huh, K., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Ferro, M. A., Bieling, P. J., Hicks, A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2023). Online Public Health Nurse-Delivered Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Psychiatry, 84(5)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hulsbosch, 2023",
          "ref": "Hulsbosch, L. P., Potharst, E. S., Schwabe, I., Boekhorst, M. G. B. M., Pop, V. J. M., & Nyklíček, I. (2023). Online mindfulness-based intervention for women with pregnancy distress: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 332, 262-272. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.009"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2017",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Zulqernain, F., Carter, L.-A., Chaudhry, I., Fatima, B., Kiran, T., . . . Rahman, A. (2017). Treatment of maternal depression in urban slums of Karachi, Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an integrated maternal psychological and early child development intervention. Asian journal of psychiatry, 29, 63-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021a",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Fatima, B., Chaudhry, I. B., Husain, M., Shah, S., Bassett, P., Cohen, N., Jafri, F., Naeem, S., Zadeh, Z., Roberts, C., Rahman, A., Naeem, F., Husain, M. I., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). An integrated parenting intervention for maternal depression and child development in a low-resource setting: Cluster randomized controlled trial [Article]. Depress Anxiety, 38(9), 925-939. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23169"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021b",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Shah, S., Rahman, A., Raza Ur, R., Saeed, Q., Naeem, S., Bassett, P., Husain, M., Haq, S. U., Jaffery, F., Cohen, N., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). Efficacy of learning through play plus intervention to reduce maternal depression in women with malnourished children: A randomized controlled trial from Pakistan(✰). J Affect Disord, 278, 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2023",
          "ref": "Husain N, Lunat F, Lovell K, Sharma D, Zaidi N, Bokhari A, et al. Exploratory RCT of a group psychological intervention for postnatal depression in British mothers of South Asian origin - ROSHNI-D. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2023;238:103974."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jesse, 2015",
          "ref": "Jesse DE, Gaynes BN, Feldhousen EB, Newton ER, Bunch S, Hollon SD. Performance of a culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention integrated in a public health setting to reduce risk of antepartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2015;60(5):578-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2014",
          "ref": "Jiang L, Wang ZZ, Qiu LR, Wan GB, Lin Y, Wei Z. Psychological intervention for postpartum depression. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology: Medical sciences. 2014;34(3):437-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lenze, 2017",
          "ref": "Lenze, S., & Potts, M. (2017). Brief Interpersonal Psychotherapy for depression during pregnancy in a low-income population: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 210, 151-157."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2013",
          "ref": "Leung SS, Lee AM, Chiang VC, Lam SK, Kuen YW, Wong DF. Culturally sensitive, preventive antenatal group cognitive-behavioural therapy for Chinese women with depression. Internationan Journal of Nursing Practice. 2013;19(Supp 1):28-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2016",
          "ref": "Leung S, Lee A, Wong D, Wong C, Leung K, Chiang V, et al. A brief group intervention using a cognitive-behavioural approach to reduce postnatal depressive symptoms: A randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Medical Journal. 2016;22(1 Supplement 2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Liu, 2021",
          "ref": "Liu, H., & Yang, Y. (2021). Effects of a psychological nursing intervention on prevention of anxiety and depression in the postpartum period: a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Annals of General Psychiatry, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00320-4"
        },
        {
          "study": "Merza, 2023",
          "ref": "Merza D, Amani B, Savoy C, Babiy Z, Bieling PJ, Streiner DL, et al. Online peer‐delivered group cognitive‐behavioral therapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mulcahy, 2010",
          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ngai, 2015",
          "ref": "Ngai FW, Wong P-C, Leung KY, Chau PH, Chung KF. The effect of telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on postnatal depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(5):294-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Mahen, 2013",
          "ref": "O'Mahen HA, Woodford J, McGinley J, Warren FC, Richards DA, Lynch TR, et al. Internet-based behavioral activation--treatment for postnatal depression (Netmums): A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;150(3):814-22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prabhu, 2025",
          "ref": "Prabhu S, George LS, Guruvare S, Noronha JA, Jose TT, Nayak BS, et al. Effectiveness of psychosocial education program on postnatal depression, stress, and perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy among pregnant women in South India. Patient Education and Counseling. 2025;130."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prendergast, 2001",
          "ref": "Prendergast J, Austin MP. Early childhood nurse-delivered cognitive behavioural counselling for post-natal depression. Australasian Psychiatry. 2001;9(3):255-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Psaros, 2022",
          "ref": "Psaros, C., Stanton, A. M., Raggio, G. A., Mosery, N., Goodman, G. R., Briggs, E. S., . . . Safren, S. A. (2022). Optimizing PMTCT Adherence by Treating Depression in Perinatal Women with HIV in South Africa: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of behavioral medicine. doi:10.1007/s12529-022-10071-z"
        },
        {
          "study": "Puckering, 2010",
          "ref": "Puckering C, McIntosh E, Hickey A, Longford J. Mellow Babies: A group intervention for infants and mothers experiencing postnatal depression. Counselling Psychology Review. 2010;25(1):28-38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pugh, 2016",
          "ref": "Pugh, N. E., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Dirkse, D. (2016). A Randomised Controlled Trial of Therapist-Assisted, Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Women with Maternal Depression. PLoS ONE, 11(3), e0149186."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Seo, 2022",
          "ref": "Seo, J. M., Kim, S. J., Na, H., Kim, J. H., & Lee, H. (2022). Effectiveness of a Mobile Application for Postpartum Depression Self-Management: Evidence from a Randomised Controlled Trial in South Korea. Healthcare (Basel), 10(11). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/healthcare10112185"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2021",
          "ref": "Sun, Y., et al. (2021). \"Effectiveness of Smartphone-Based Mindfulness Training on Maternal Perinatal Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(1): e23410."
        },
        {
          "study": "Trevillion, 2020",
          "ref": "Trevillion K, Ryan EG, Pickles A, et al. An exploratory parallel-group randomised controlled trial of antenatal Guided Self-Help (plus usual care) versus usual care alone for pregnant women with depression: DAWN trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020;261:187-197."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Horne, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Horne, B. S., Nong, Y. H., Cain, C. M., Sampson, M., Greeley, C. S., & Puryear, L. (2022). A promising new model of care for postpartum depression: A randomised controlled trial of a brief home visitation program conducted in Houston, Texas, USA. Health Soc Care Community, 30(5), e2203-e2213. doi:10.1111/hsc.13658"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2021",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Brown, J. S. L., Ferro, M. A., Streiner, D. L., . . . Hanna, S. (2021). Effect of Online 1-Day Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops Plus Usual Care vs Usual Care Alone for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(11), 1200-1207. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2488"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Haber, E., Feller, A., Biscaro, A., . . . Ferro, M. A. (2022). Public Health Nurse-delivered Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Can J Psychiatry, 67(6), 432-440. doi:10.1177/07067437221074426"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2023",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout RJ, Layton H, Savoy CD, Xie F, Brown JSL, Huh K, et al. In-person 1-day cognitive behavioral therapy-based workshops for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2023;53(14):6888-98."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vigod, 2021",
          "ref": "Vigod, S. N., Slyfield Cook, G., Macdonald, K., Hussain-Shamsy, N., Brown, H. K., de Oliveira, C., . . . Dennis, C.-L. (2021). Mother matters: Pilot randomized wait‐list controlled trial of an online therapist‐facilitated discussion board and support group for postpartum depression symptoms. Depress Anxiety, 38(8), 816-825. doi:10.1002/da.23163"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2019",
          "ref": "Zhao, Y., Munro-Kramer, M. L., Shi, S., Wang, J., & Zhao, Q. (2019). Effects of antenatal depression screening and intervention among Chinese high-risk pregnant women with medically defined complications: A randomized controlled trial. Early intervention in psychiatry, 13(5), 1090-1098. doi:10.1111/eip.12731"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 545,
      "instr": "EPDS",
      "full": "Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Control condition",
      "sgv": "Care as usual",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 32,
      "k_es": 35,
      "sd": 4.512,
      "lo": 4.008,
      "hi": 5.079,
      "tau2": 0.1105,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 2.327,
      "phi": 8.748,
      "i2": 97.2,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abujilban, 2024",
          "ref": "Abujilban, S., Al-Omari, H., Issa, E., Alhamdan, A., Al-Nabulsi, L., Mrayan, L., . . . Kernohan, W. G. (2024). Effectiveness of Telephone-Based Interpersonal Psychotherapy on Antenatal Depressive Symptoms: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial in The Kingdom of Jordan. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 30(3), 635-645. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/10783903231171595"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alhusen, 2021",
          "ref": "Alhusen, J. L., Hayat, M. J., & Borg, L. (2021, Feb). A pilot study of a group-based perinatal depression intervention on reducing depressive symptoms and improving maternal-fetal attachment and maternal sensitivity. Arch Womens Ment Health, 24(1), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-020-01032-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bengtson, 2023",
          "ref": "Bengtson AM, Filipowicz TR, Mphonda S, Udedi M, Kulisewa K, Meltzer-Brody S, et al. An Intervention to Improve Mental Health and HIV Care Engagement Among Perinatal Women in Malawi: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. AIDS and behavior. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Burns, 2013",
          "ref": "Burns A, O'Mahen H, Baxter H, Bennert K, Wiles N, Ramchandani P, et al. A pilot randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for antenatal depression. BMC psychiatry. 2013;13:33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cooper, 2003",
          "ref": "Cooper PJ, Murray L, Wilson A, Romaniuk H. Controlled trial of the short- and long-term effect of psychological treatment of post-partum depression. I. Impact on maternal mood. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;182(5):412-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dennis, 2020",
          "ref": "Dennis CL, Grigoriadis S, Zupancic J, Kiss A, Ravitz P. Telephone-based nurse-delivered interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression: nationwide randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2020;216(4):189-196."
        },
        {
          "study": "Forsell, 2017",
          "ref": "Forsell E, Bendix M, Holländare F, et al. Internet delivered cognitive behavior therapy for antenatal depression: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders 2017; 221: 56-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Goodman, 2015",
          "ref": "Goodman JH, Prager J, Goldstein R, Freeman M. Perinatal Dyadic Psychotherapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2015;18(3):493-506."
        },
        {
          "study": "Grote, 2009",
          "ref": "Grote NK, Swartz HA, Geibel SL, Zuckoff A, Houck PR, Frank E. A randomized controlled trial of culturally relevant, brief interpersonal psychotherapy for perinatal depression. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(3):313-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gureje, 2022",
          "ref": "Gureje, O., Oladeji, B. D., Kola, L., Bello, T., Ayinde, O., Faregh, N., . . . Zelkowitz, P. (2022). Effect of intervention delivered by frontline maternal care providers to improve outcome and parenting skills among adolescents with perinatal depression in Nigeria (the RAPiD study): A cluster randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord, 312, 169-176. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.032"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hamilton, 2020",
          "ref": "Hamilton J, Saxon D, Best E, Glover V, Walters SJ, Kerr IB. A randomised, controlled pilot study of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) for stressed pregnant women with underlying anxiety and depression in a routine health service setting. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy. 2020."
        },
        {
          "study": "Honey, 2002",
          "ref": "Honey KL, Bennett P, Morgan M. A brief psycho‐educational group intervention for postnatal depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2002;41(4):405-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hou, 2014",
          "ref": "Hou Y, Hu P, Zhang Y, Lu Q, Wang D, Yin L, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy in combination with systemic family therapy improves mild to moderate postpartum depression. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. 2014;36(1):47-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huh, 2023",
          "ref": "Huh, K., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Ferro, M. A., Bieling, P. J., Hicks, A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2023). Online Public Health Nurse-Delivered Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Psychiatry, 84(5)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2017",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Zulqernain, F., Carter, L.-A., Chaudhry, I., Fatima, B., Kiran, T., . . . Rahman, A. (2017). Treatment of maternal depression in urban slums of Karachi, Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an integrated maternal psychological and early child development intervention. Asian journal of psychiatry, 29, 63-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021a",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Fatima, B., Chaudhry, I. B., Husain, M., Shah, S., Bassett, P., Cohen, N., Jafri, F., Naeem, S., Zadeh, Z., Roberts, C., Rahman, A., Naeem, F., Husain, M. I., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). An integrated parenting intervention for maternal depression and child development in a low-resource setting: Cluster randomized controlled trial [Article]. Depress Anxiety, 38(9), 925-939. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23169"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021b",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Shah, S., Rahman, A., Raza Ur, R., Saeed, Q., Naeem, S., Bassett, P., Husain, M., Haq, S. U., Jaffery, F., Cohen, N., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). Efficacy of learning through play plus intervention to reduce maternal depression in women with malnourished children: A randomized controlled trial from Pakistan(✰). J Affect Disord, 278, 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2023",
          "ref": "Husain N, Lunat F, Lovell K, Sharma D, Zaidi N, Bokhari A, et al. Exploratory RCT of a group psychological intervention for postnatal depression in British mothers of South Asian origin - ROSHNI-D. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2023;238:103974."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jesse, 2015",
          "ref": "Jesse DE, Gaynes BN, Feldhousen EB, Newton ER, Bunch S, Hollon SD. Performance of a culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention integrated in a public health setting to reduce risk of antepartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2015;60(5):578-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2014",
          "ref": "Jiang L, Wang ZZ, Qiu LR, Wan GB, Lin Y, Wei Z. Psychological intervention for postpartum depression. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology: Medical sciences. 2014;34(3):437-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lenze, 2017",
          "ref": "Lenze, S., & Potts, M. (2017). Brief Interpersonal Psychotherapy for depression during pregnancy in a low-income population: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 210, 151-157."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2013",
          "ref": "Leung SS, Lee AM, Chiang VC, Lam SK, Kuen YW, Wong DF. Culturally sensitive, preventive antenatal group cognitive-behavioural therapy for Chinese women with depression. Internationan Journal of Nursing Practice. 2013;19(Supp 1):28-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Liu, 2021",
          "ref": "Liu, H., & Yang, Y. (2021). Effects of a psychological nursing intervention on prevention of anxiety and depression in the postpartum period: a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Annals of General Psychiatry, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00320-4"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mulcahy, 2010",
          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ngai, 2015",
          "ref": "Ngai FW, Wong P-C, Leung KY, Chau PH, Chung KF. The effect of telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on postnatal depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(5):294-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Mahen, 2013",
          "ref": "O'Mahen HA, Woodford J, McGinley J, Warren FC, Richards DA, Lynch TR, et al. Internet-based behavioral activation--treatment for postnatal depression (Netmums): A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;150(3):814-22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prabhu, 2025",
          "ref": "Prabhu S, George LS, Guruvare S, Noronha JA, Jose TT, Nayak BS, et al. Effectiveness of psychosocial education program on postnatal depression, stress, and perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy among pregnant women in South India. Patient Education and Counseling. 2025;130."
        },
        {
          "study": "Trevillion, 2020",
          "ref": "Trevillion K, Ryan EG, Pickles A, et al. An exploratory parallel-group randomised controlled trial of antenatal Guided Self-Help (plus usual care) versus usual care alone for pregnant women with depression: DAWN trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020;261:187-197."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Horne, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Horne, B. S., Nong, Y. H., Cain, C. M., Sampson, M., Greeley, C. S., & Puryear, L. (2022). A promising new model of care for postpartum depression: A randomised controlled trial of a brief home visitation program conducted in Houston, Texas, USA. Health Soc Care Community, 30(5), e2203-e2213. doi:10.1111/hsc.13658"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Haber, E., Feller, A., Biscaro, A., . . . Ferro, M. A. (2022). Public Health Nurse-delivered Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Can J Psychiatry, 67(6), 432-440. doi:10.1177/07067437221074426"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2019",
          "ref": "Zhao, Y., Munro-Kramer, M. L., Shi, S., Wang, J., & Zhao, Q. (2019). Effects of antenatal depression screening and intervention among Chinese high-risk pregnant women with medically defined complications: A randomized controlled trial. Early intervention in psychiatry, 13(5), 1090-1098. doi:10.1111/eip.12731"
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        {
          "study": "Abujilban, 2024",
          "ref": "Abujilban, S., Al-Omari, H., Issa, E., Alhamdan, A., Al-Nabulsi, L., Mrayan, L., . . . Kernohan, W. G. (2024). Effectiveness of Telephone-Based Interpersonal Psychotherapy on Antenatal Depressive Symptoms: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial in The Kingdom of Jordan. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 30(3), 635-645. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/10783903231171595"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alhusen, 2021",
          "ref": "Alhusen, J. L., Hayat, M. J., & Borg, L. (2021, Feb). A pilot study of a group-based perinatal depression intervention on reducing depressive symptoms and improving maternal-fetal attachment and maternal sensitivity. Arch Womens Ment Health, 24(1), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-020-01032-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Amani, 2021",
          "ref": "Amani, B., Merza, D., Savoy, C., Streiner, D., Bieling, P., Ferro, M. A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2021, Nov 9). Peer-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Psychiatry, 83(1). https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.21m13928"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Babiy, 2024",
          "ref": "Babiy, Z., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Xie, F., Brown, J. S. L., Bieling, P. J., . . . Van Lieshout, R. J. (2024). One-Day Peer-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 93(2), 129-140. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000536040"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bengtson, 2023",
          "ref": "Bengtson AM, Filipowicz TR, Mphonda S, Udedi M, Kulisewa K, Meltzer-Brody S, et al. An Intervention to Improve Mental Health and HIV Care Engagement Among Perinatal Women in Malawi: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. AIDS and behavior. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Burns, 2013",
          "ref": "Burns A, O'Mahen H, Baxter H, Bennert K, Wiles N, Ramchandani P, et al. A pilot randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for antenatal depression. BMC psychiatry. 2013;13:33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cooper, 2003",
          "ref": "Cooper PJ, Murray L, Wilson A, Romaniuk H. Controlled trial of the short- and long-term effect of psychological treatment of post-partum depression. I. Impact on maternal mood. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;182(5):412-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dennis, 2020",
          "ref": "Dennis CL, Grigoriadis S, Zupancic J, Kiss A, Ravitz P. Telephone-based nurse-delivered interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression: nationwide randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2020;216(4):189-196."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonseca, 2020",
          "ref": "Fonseca A, Alves S, Monteiro F, Gorayeb R, Canavarro MC. Be a Mom, a Web-Based Intervention to Prevent Postpartum Depression: Results From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behav Ther. 2020;51(4):616-633."
        },
        {
          "study": "Forsell, 2017",
          "ref": "Forsell E, Bendix M, Holländare F, et al. Internet delivered cognitive behavior therapy for antenatal depression: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders 2017; 221: 56-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Goodman, 2015",
          "ref": "Goodman JH, Prager J, Goldstein R, Freeman M. Perinatal Dyadic Psychotherapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2015;18(3):493-506."
        },
        {
          "study": "Grote, 2009",
          "ref": "Grote NK, Swartz HA, Geibel SL, Zuckoff A, Houck PR, Frank E. A randomized controlled trial of culturally relevant, brief interpersonal psychotherapy for perinatal depression. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(3):313-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gureje, 2022",
          "ref": "Gureje, O., Oladeji, B. D., Kola, L., Bello, T., Ayinde, O., Faregh, N., . . . Zelkowitz, P. (2022). Effect of intervention delivered by frontline maternal care providers to improve outcome and parenting skills among adolescents with perinatal depression in Nigeria (the RAPiD study): A cluster randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord, 312, 169-176. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.032"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hamilton, 2020",
          "ref": "Hamilton J, Saxon D, Best E, Glover V, Walters SJ, Kerr IB. A randomised, controlled pilot study of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) for stressed pregnant women with underlying anxiety and depression in a routine health service setting. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy. 2020."
        },
        {
          "study": "Honey, 2002",
          "ref": "Honey KL, Bennett P, Morgan M. A brief psycho‐educational group intervention for postnatal depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2002;41(4):405-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hou, 2014",
          "ref": "Hou Y, Hu P, Zhang Y, Lu Q, Wang D, Yin L, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy in combination with systemic family therapy improves mild to moderate postpartum depression. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. 2014;36(1):47-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huh, 2023",
          "ref": "Huh, K., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Ferro, M. A., Bieling, P. J., Hicks, A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2023). Online Public Health Nurse-Delivered Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Psychiatry, 84(5)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hulsbosch, 2023",
          "ref": "Hulsbosch, L. P., Potharst, E. S., Schwabe, I., Boekhorst, M. G. B. M., Pop, V. J. M., & Nyklíček, I. (2023). Online mindfulness-based intervention for women with pregnancy distress: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 332, 262-272. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.009"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2017",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Zulqernain, F., Carter, L.-A., Chaudhry, I., Fatima, B., Kiran, T., . . . Rahman, A. (2017). Treatment of maternal depression in urban slums of Karachi, Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an integrated maternal psychological and early child development intervention. Asian journal of psychiatry, 29, 63-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021a",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Fatima, B., Chaudhry, I. B., Husain, M., Shah, S., Bassett, P., Cohen, N., Jafri, F., Naeem, S., Zadeh, Z., Roberts, C., Rahman, A., Naeem, F., Husain, M. I., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). An integrated parenting intervention for maternal depression and child development in a low-resource setting: Cluster randomized controlled trial [Article]. Depress Anxiety, 38(9), 925-939. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23169"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021b",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Shah, S., Rahman, A., Raza Ur, R., Saeed, Q., Naeem, S., Bassett, P., Husain, M., Haq, S. U., Jaffery, F., Cohen, N., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). Efficacy of learning through play plus intervention to reduce maternal depression in women with malnourished children: A randomized controlled trial from Pakistan(✰). J Affect Disord, 278, 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2023",
          "ref": "Husain N, Lunat F, Lovell K, Sharma D, Zaidi N, Bokhari A, et al. Exploratory RCT of a group psychological intervention for postnatal depression in British mothers of South Asian origin - ROSHNI-D. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2023;238:103974."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jesse, 2015",
          "ref": "Jesse DE, Gaynes BN, Feldhousen EB, Newton ER, Bunch S, Hollon SD. Performance of a culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention integrated in a public health setting to reduce risk of antepartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2015;60(5):578-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2014",
          "ref": "Jiang L, Wang ZZ, Qiu LR, Wan GB, Lin Y, Wei Z. Psychological intervention for postpartum depression. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology: Medical sciences. 2014;34(3):437-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lenze, 2017",
          "ref": "Lenze, S., & Potts, M. (2017). Brief Interpersonal Psychotherapy for depression during pregnancy in a low-income population: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 210, 151-157."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2013",
          "ref": "Leung SS, Lee AM, Chiang VC, Lam SK, Kuen YW, Wong DF. Culturally sensitive, preventive antenatal group cognitive-behavioural therapy for Chinese women with depression. Internationan Journal of Nursing Practice. 2013;19(Supp 1):28-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2016",
          "ref": "Leung S, Lee A, Wong D, Wong C, Leung K, Chiang V, et al. A brief group intervention using a cognitive-behavioural approach to reduce postnatal depressive symptoms: A randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Medical Journal. 2016;22(1 Supplement 2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Liu, 2021",
          "ref": "Liu, H., & Yang, Y. (2021). Effects of a psychological nursing intervention on prevention of anxiety and depression in the postpartum period: a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Annals of General Psychiatry, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00320-4"
        },
        {
          "study": "Merza, 2023",
          "ref": "Merza D, Amani B, Savoy C, Babiy Z, Bieling PJ, Streiner DL, et al. Online peer‐delivered group cognitive‐behavioral therapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mulcahy, 2010",
          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ngai, 2015",
          "ref": "Ngai FW, Wong P-C, Leung KY, Chau PH, Chung KF. The effect of telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on postnatal depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(5):294-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Mahen, 2013",
          "ref": "O'Mahen HA, Woodford J, McGinley J, Warren FC, Richards DA, Lynch TR, et al. Internet-based behavioral activation--treatment for postnatal depression (Netmums): A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;150(3):814-22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prabhu, 2025",
          "ref": "Prabhu S, George LS, Guruvare S, Noronha JA, Jose TT, Nayak BS, et al. Effectiveness of psychosocial education program on postnatal depression, stress, and perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy among pregnant women in South India. Patient Education and Counseling. 2025;130."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prendergast, 2001",
          "ref": "Prendergast J, Austin MP. Early childhood nurse-delivered cognitive behavioural counselling for post-natal depression. Australasian Psychiatry. 2001;9(3):255-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Psaros, 2022",
          "ref": "Psaros, C., Stanton, A. M., Raggio, G. A., Mosery, N., Goodman, G. R., Briggs, E. S., . . . Safren, S. A. (2022). Optimizing PMTCT Adherence by Treating Depression in Perinatal Women with HIV in South Africa: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of behavioral medicine. doi:10.1007/s12529-022-10071-z"
        },
        {
          "study": "Puckering, 2010",
          "ref": "Puckering C, McIntosh E, Hickey A, Longford J. Mellow Babies: A group intervention for infants and mothers experiencing postnatal depression. Counselling Psychology Review. 2010;25(1):28-38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pugh, 2016",
          "ref": "Pugh, N. E., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Dirkse, D. (2016). A Randomised Controlled Trial of Therapist-Assisted, Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Women with Maternal Depression. PLoS ONE, 11(3), e0149186."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Seo, 2022",
          "ref": "Seo, J. M., Kim, S. J., Na, H., Kim, J. H., & Lee, H. (2022). Effectiveness of a Mobile Application for Postpartum Depression Self-Management: Evidence from a Randomised Controlled Trial in South Korea. Healthcare (Basel), 10(11). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/healthcare10112185"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2021",
          "ref": "Sun, Y., et al. (2021). \"Effectiveness of Smartphone-Based Mindfulness Training on Maternal Perinatal Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(1): e23410."
        },
        {
          "study": "Trevillion, 2020",
          "ref": "Trevillion K, Ryan EG, Pickles A, et al. An exploratory parallel-group randomised controlled trial of antenatal Guided Self-Help (plus usual care) versus usual care alone for pregnant women with depression: DAWN trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020;261:187-197."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Horne, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Horne, B. S., Nong, Y. H., Cain, C. M., Sampson, M., Greeley, C. S., & Puryear, L. (2022). A promising new model of care for postpartum depression: A randomised controlled trial of a brief home visitation program conducted in Houston, Texas, USA. Health Soc Care Community, 30(5), e2203-e2213. doi:10.1111/hsc.13658"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2021",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Brown, J. S. L., Ferro, M. A., Streiner, D. L., . . . Hanna, S. (2021). Effect of Online 1-Day Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops Plus Usual Care vs Usual Care Alone for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(11), 1200-1207. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2488"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Haber, E., Feller, A., Biscaro, A., . . . Ferro, M. A. (2022). Public Health Nurse-delivered Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Can J Psychiatry, 67(6), 432-440. doi:10.1177/07067437221074426"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2023",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout RJ, Layton H, Savoy CD, Xie F, Brown JSL, Huh K, et al. In-person 1-day cognitive behavioral therapy-based workshops for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2023;53(14):6888-98."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vigod, 2021",
          "ref": "Vigod, S. N., Slyfield Cook, G., Macdonald, K., Hussain-Shamsy, N., Brown, H. K., de Oliveira, C., . . . Dennis, C.-L. (2021). Mother matters: Pilot randomized wait‐list controlled trial of an online therapist‐facilitated discussion board and support group for postpartum depression symptoms. Depress Anxiety, 38(8), 816-825. doi:10.1002/da.23163"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2019",
          "ref": "Zhao, Y., Munro-Kramer, M. L., Shi, S., Wang, J., & Zhao, Q. (2019). Effects of antenatal depression screening and intervention among Chinese high-risk pregnant women with medically defined complications: A randomized controlled trial. Early intervention in psychiatry, 13(5), 1090-1098. doi:10.1111/eip.12731"
        }
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        },
        {
          "study": "Prendergast, 2001",
          "ref": "Prendergast J, Austin MP. Early childhood nurse-delivered cognitive behavioural counselling for post-natal depression. Australasian Psychiatry. 2001;9(3):255-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Psaros, 2022",
          "ref": "Psaros, C., Stanton, A. M., Raggio, G. A., Mosery, N., Goodman, G. R., Briggs, E. S., . . . Safren, S. A. (2022). Optimizing PMTCT Adherence by Treating Depression in Perinatal Women with HIV in South Africa: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of behavioral medicine. doi:10.1007/s12529-022-10071-z"
        },
        {
          "study": "Seo, 2022",
          "ref": "Seo, J. M., Kim, S. J., Na, H., Kim, J. H., & Lee, H. (2022). Effectiveness of a Mobile Application for Postpartum Depression Self-Management: Evidence from a Randomised Controlled Trial in South Korea. Healthcare (Basel), 10(11). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/healthcare10112185"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2021",
          "ref": "Sun, Y., et al. (2021). \"Effectiveness of Smartphone-Based Mindfulness Training on Maternal Perinatal Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(1): e23410."
        }
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        {
          "study": "Abujilban, 2024",
          "ref": "Abujilban, S., Al-Omari, H., Issa, E., Alhamdan, A., Al-Nabulsi, L., Mrayan, L., . . . Kernohan, W. G. (2024). Effectiveness of Telephone-Based Interpersonal Psychotherapy on Antenatal Depressive Symptoms: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial in The Kingdom of Jordan. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 30(3), 635-645. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/10783903231171595"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alhusen, 2021",
          "ref": "Alhusen, J. L., Hayat, M. J., & Borg, L. (2021, Feb). A pilot study of a group-based perinatal depression intervention on reducing depressive symptoms and improving maternal-fetal attachment and maternal sensitivity. Arch Womens Ment Health, 24(1), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-020-01032-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Amani, 2021",
          "ref": "Amani, B., Merza, D., Savoy, C., Streiner, D., Bieling, P., Ferro, M. A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2021, Nov 9). Peer-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Psychiatry, 83(1). https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.21m13928"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Babiy, 2024",
          "ref": "Babiy, Z., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Xie, F., Brown, J. S. L., Bieling, P. J., . . . Van Lieshout, R. J. (2024). One-Day Peer-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 93(2), 129-140. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000536040"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bengtson, 2023",
          "ref": "Bengtson AM, Filipowicz TR, Mphonda S, Udedi M, Kulisewa K, Meltzer-Brody S, et al. An Intervention to Improve Mental Health and HIV Care Engagement Among Perinatal Women in Malawi: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. AIDS and behavior. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Burns, 2013",
          "ref": "Burns A, O'Mahen H, Baxter H, Bennert K, Wiles N, Ramchandani P, et al. A pilot randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for antenatal depression. BMC psychiatry. 2013;13:33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cooper, 2003",
          "ref": "Cooper PJ, Murray L, Wilson A, Romaniuk H. Controlled trial of the short- and long-term effect of psychological treatment of post-partum depression. I. Impact on maternal mood. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;182(5):412-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dennis, 2020",
          "ref": "Dennis CL, Grigoriadis S, Zupancic J, Kiss A, Ravitz P. Telephone-based nurse-delivered interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression: nationwide randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2020;216(4):189-196."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonseca, 2020",
          "ref": "Fonseca A, Alves S, Monteiro F, Gorayeb R, Canavarro MC. Be a Mom, a Web-Based Intervention to Prevent Postpartum Depression: Results From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behav Ther. 2020;51(4):616-633."
        },
        {
          "study": "Forsell, 2017",
          "ref": "Forsell E, Bendix M, Holländare F, et al. Internet delivered cognitive behavior therapy for antenatal depression: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders 2017; 221: 56-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Goodman, 2015",
          "ref": "Goodman JH, Prager J, Goldstein R, Freeman M. Perinatal Dyadic Psychotherapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2015;18(3):493-506."
        },
        {
          "study": "Grote, 2009",
          "ref": "Grote NK, Swartz HA, Geibel SL, Zuckoff A, Houck PR, Frank E. A randomized controlled trial of culturally relevant, brief interpersonal psychotherapy for perinatal depression. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(3):313-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gureje, 2022",
          "ref": "Gureje, O., Oladeji, B. D., Kola, L., Bello, T., Ayinde, O., Faregh, N., . . . Zelkowitz, P. (2022). Effect of intervention delivered by frontline maternal care providers to improve outcome and parenting skills among adolescents with perinatal depression in Nigeria (the RAPiD study): A cluster randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord, 312, 169-176. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.032"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hamilton, 2020",
          "ref": "Hamilton J, Saxon D, Best E, Glover V, Walters SJ, Kerr IB. A randomised, controlled pilot study of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) for stressed pregnant women with underlying anxiety and depression in a routine health service setting. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy. 2020."
        },
        {
          "study": "Honey, 2002",
          "ref": "Honey KL, Bennett P, Morgan M. A brief psycho‐educational group intervention for postnatal depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2002;41(4):405-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hou, 2014",
          "ref": "Hou Y, Hu P, Zhang Y, Lu Q, Wang D, Yin L, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy in combination with systemic family therapy improves mild to moderate postpartum depression. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. 2014;36(1):47-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huh, 2023",
          "ref": "Huh, K., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Ferro, M. A., Bieling, P. J., Hicks, A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2023). Online Public Health Nurse-Delivered Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Psychiatry, 84(5)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hulsbosch, 2023",
          "ref": "Hulsbosch, L. P., Potharst, E. S., Schwabe, I., Boekhorst, M. G. B. M., Pop, V. J. M., & Nyklíček, I. (2023). Online mindfulness-based intervention for women with pregnancy distress: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 332, 262-272. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.009"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2017",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Zulqernain, F., Carter, L.-A., Chaudhry, I., Fatima, B., Kiran, T., . . . Rahman, A. (2017). Treatment of maternal depression in urban slums of Karachi, Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an integrated maternal psychological and early child development intervention. Asian journal of psychiatry, 29, 63-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021a",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Fatima, B., Chaudhry, I. B., Husain, M., Shah, S., Bassett, P., Cohen, N., Jafri, F., Naeem, S., Zadeh, Z., Roberts, C., Rahman, A., Naeem, F., Husain, M. I., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). An integrated parenting intervention for maternal depression and child development in a low-resource setting: Cluster randomized controlled trial [Article]. Depress Anxiety, 38(9), 925-939. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23169"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021b",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Shah, S., Rahman, A., Raza Ur, R., Saeed, Q., Naeem, S., Bassett, P., Husain, M., Haq, S. U., Jaffery, F., Cohen, N., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). Efficacy of learning through play plus intervention to reduce maternal depression in women with malnourished children: A randomized controlled trial from Pakistan(✰). J Affect Disord, 278, 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2023",
          "ref": "Husain N, Lunat F, Lovell K, Sharma D, Zaidi N, Bokhari A, et al. Exploratory RCT of a group psychological intervention for postnatal depression in British mothers of South Asian origin - ROSHNI-D. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2023;238:103974."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jesse, 2015",
          "ref": "Jesse DE, Gaynes BN, Feldhousen EB, Newton ER, Bunch S, Hollon SD. Performance of a culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention integrated in a public health setting to reduce risk of antepartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2015;60(5):578-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2014",
          "ref": "Jiang L, Wang ZZ, Qiu LR, Wan GB, Lin Y, Wei Z. Psychological intervention for postpartum depression. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology: Medical sciences. 2014;34(3):437-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lenze, 2017",
          "ref": "Lenze, S., & Potts, M. (2017). Brief Interpersonal Psychotherapy for depression during pregnancy in a low-income population: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 210, 151-157."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2013",
          "ref": "Leung SS, Lee AM, Chiang VC, Lam SK, Kuen YW, Wong DF. Culturally sensitive, preventive antenatal group cognitive-behavioural therapy for Chinese women with depression. Internationan Journal of Nursing Practice. 2013;19(Supp 1):28-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2016",
          "ref": "Leung S, Lee A, Wong D, Wong C, Leung K, Chiang V, et al. A brief group intervention using a cognitive-behavioural approach to reduce postnatal depressive symptoms: A randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Medical Journal. 2016;22(1 Supplement 2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Liu, 2021",
          "ref": "Liu, H., & Yang, Y. (2021). Effects of a psychological nursing intervention on prevention of anxiety and depression in the postpartum period: a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Annals of General Psychiatry, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00320-4"
        },
        {
          "study": "Merza, 2023",
          "ref": "Merza D, Amani B, Savoy C, Babiy Z, Bieling PJ, Streiner DL, et al. Online peer‐delivered group cognitive‐behavioral therapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mulcahy, 2010",
          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ngai, 2015",
          "ref": "Ngai FW, Wong P-C, Leung KY, Chau PH, Chung KF. The effect of telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on postnatal depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(5):294-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Mahen, 2013",
          "ref": "O'Mahen HA, Woodford J, McGinley J, Warren FC, Richards DA, Lynch TR, et al. Internet-based behavioral activation--treatment for postnatal depression (Netmums): A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;150(3):814-22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prabhu, 2025",
          "ref": "Prabhu S, George LS, Guruvare S, Noronha JA, Jose TT, Nayak BS, et al. Effectiveness of psychosocial education program on postnatal depression, stress, and perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy among pregnant women in South India. Patient Education and Counseling. 2025;130."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prendergast, 2001",
          "ref": "Prendergast J, Austin MP. Early childhood nurse-delivered cognitive behavioural counselling for post-natal depression. Australasian Psychiatry. 2001;9(3):255-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Psaros, 2022",
          "ref": "Psaros, C., Stanton, A. M., Raggio, G. A., Mosery, N., Goodman, G. R., Briggs, E. S., . . . Safren, S. A. (2022). Optimizing PMTCT Adherence by Treating Depression in Perinatal Women with HIV in South Africa: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of behavioral medicine. doi:10.1007/s12529-022-10071-z"
        },
        {
          "study": "Puckering, 2010",
          "ref": "Puckering C, McIntosh E, Hickey A, Longford J. Mellow Babies: A group intervention for infants and mothers experiencing postnatal depression. Counselling Psychology Review. 2010;25(1):28-38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pugh, 2016",
          "ref": "Pugh, N. E., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Dirkse, D. (2016). A Randomised Controlled Trial of Therapist-Assisted, Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Women with Maternal Depression. PLoS ONE, 11(3), e0149186."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Seo, 2022",
          "ref": "Seo, J. M., Kim, S. J., Na, H., Kim, J. H., & Lee, H. (2022). Effectiveness of a Mobile Application for Postpartum Depression Self-Management: Evidence from a Randomised Controlled Trial in South Korea. Healthcare (Basel), 10(11). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/healthcare10112185"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2021",
          "ref": "Sun, Y., et al. (2021). \"Effectiveness of Smartphone-Based Mindfulness Training on Maternal Perinatal Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(1): e23410."
        },
        {
          "study": "Trevillion, 2020",
          "ref": "Trevillion K, Ryan EG, Pickles A, et al. An exploratory parallel-group randomised controlled trial of antenatal Guided Self-Help (plus usual care) versus usual care alone for pregnant women with depression: DAWN trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020;261:187-197."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Horne, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Horne, B. S., Nong, Y. H., Cain, C. M., Sampson, M., Greeley, C. S., & Puryear, L. (2022). A promising new model of care for postpartum depression: A randomised controlled trial of a brief home visitation program conducted in Houston, Texas, USA. Health Soc Care Community, 30(5), e2203-e2213. doi:10.1111/hsc.13658"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2021",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Brown, J. S. L., Ferro, M. A., Streiner, D. L., . . . Hanna, S. (2021). Effect of Online 1-Day Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops Plus Usual Care vs Usual Care Alone for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(11), 1200-1207. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2488"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Haber, E., Feller, A., Biscaro, A., . . . Ferro, M. A. (2022). Public Health Nurse-delivered Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Can J Psychiatry, 67(6), 432-440. doi:10.1177/07067437221074426"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2023",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout RJ, Layton H, Savoy CD, Xie F, Brown JSL, Huh K, et al. In-person 1-day cognitive behavioral therapy-based workshops for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2023;53(14):6888-98."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vigod, 2021",
          "ref": "Vigod, S. N., Slyfield Cook, G., Macdonald, K., Hussain-Shamsy, N., Brown, H. K., de Oliveira, C., . . . Dennis, C.-L. (2021). Mother matters: Pilot randomized wait‐list controlled trial of an online therapist‐facilitated discussion board and support group for postpartum depression symptoms. Depress Anxiety, 38(8), 816-825. doi:10.1002/da.23163"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2019",
          "ref": "Zhao, Y., Munro-Kramer, M. L., Shi, S., Wang, J., & Zhao, Q. (2019). Effects of antenatal depression screening and intervention among Chinese high-risk pregnant women with medically defined complications: A randomized controlled trial. Early intervention in psychiatry, 13(5), 1090-1098. doi:10.1111/eip.12731"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Amani, 2021",
          "ref": "Amani, B., Merza, D., Savoy, C., Streiner, D., Bieling, P., Ferro, M. A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2021, Nov 9). Peer-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Psychiatry, 83(1). https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.21m13928"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Babiy, 2024",
          "ref": "Babiy, Z., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Xie, F., Brown, J. S. L., Bieling, P. J., . . . Van Lieshout, R. J. (2024). One-Day Peer-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 93(2), 129-140. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000536040"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonseca, 2020",
          "ref": "Fonseca A, Alves S, Monteiro F, Gorayeb R, Canavarro MC. Be a Mom, a Web-Based Intervention to Prevent Postpartum Depression: Results From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behav Ther. 2020;51(4):616-633."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hulsbosch, 2023",
          "ref": "Hulsbosch, L. P., Potharst, E. S., Schwabe, I., Boekhorst, M. G. B. M., Pop, V. J. M., & Nyklíček, I. (2023). Online mindfulness-based intervention for women with pregnancy distress: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 332, 262-272. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.009"
        },
        {
          "study": "Merza, 2023",
          "ref": "Merza D, Amani B, Savoy C, Babiy Z, Bieling PJ, Streiner DL, et al. Online peer‐delivered group cognitive‐behavioral therapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Puckering, 2010",
          "ref": "Puckering C, McIntosh E, Hickey A, Longford J. Mellow Babies: A group intervention for infants and mothers experiencing postnatal depression. Counselling Psychology Review. 2010;25(1):28-38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pugh, 2016",
          "ref": "Pugh, N. E., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Dirkse, D. (2016). A Randomised Controlled Trial of Therapist-Assisted, Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Women with Maternal Depression. PLoS ONE, 11(3), e0149186."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2021",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Brown, J. S. L., Ferro, M. A., Streiner, D. L., . . . Hanna, S. (2021). Effect of Online 1-Day Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops Plus Usual Care vs Usual Care Alone for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(11), 1200-1207. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2488"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2023",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout RJ, Layton H, Savoy CD, Xie F, Brown JSL, Huh K, et al. In-person 1-day cognitive behavioral therapy-based workshops for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2023;53(14):6888-98."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vigod, 2021",
          "ref": "Vigod, S. N., Slyfield Cook, G., Macdonald, K., Hussain-Shamsy, N., Brown, H. K., de Oliveira, C., . . . Dennis, C.-L. (2021). Mother matters: Pilot randomized wait‐list controlled trial of an online therapist‐facilitated discussion board and support group for postpartum depression symptoms. Depress Anxiety, 38(8), 816-825. doi:10.1002/da.23163"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "indication": null,
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      "k_es": 52,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abujilban, 2024",
          "ref": "Abujilban, S., Al-Omari, H., Issa, E., Alhamdan, A., Al-Nabulsi, L., Mrayan, L., . . . Kernohan, W. G. (2024). Effectiveness of Telephone-Based Interpersonal Psychotherapy on Antenatal Depressive Symptoms: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial in The Kingdom of Jordan. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 30(3), 635-645. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/10783903231171595"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alhusen, 2021",
          "ref": "Alhusen, J. L., Hayat, M. J., & Borg, L. (2021, Feb). A pilot study of a group-based perinatal depression intervention on reducing depressive symptoms and improving maternal-fetal attachment and maternal sensitivity. Arch Womens Ment Health, 24(1), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-020-01032-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Amani, 2021",
          "ref": "Amani, B., Merza, D., Savoy, C., Streiner, D., Bieling, P., Ferro, M. A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2021, Nov 9). Peer-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Psychiatry, 83(1). https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.21m13928"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Babiy, 2024",
          "ref": "Babiy, Z., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Xie, F., Brown, J. S. L., Bieling, P. J., . . . Van Lieshout, R. J. (2024). One-Day Peer-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 93(2), 129-140. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000536040"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bengtson, 2023",
          "ref": "Bengtson AM, Filipowicz TR, Mphonda S, Udedi M, Kulisewa K, Meltzer-Brody S, et al. An Intervention to Improve Mental Health and HIV Care Engagement Among Perinatal Women in Malawi: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. AIDS and behavior. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Burns, 2013",
          "ref": "Burns A, O'Mahen H, Baxter H, Bennert K, Wiles N, Ramchandani P, et al. A pilot randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for antenatal depression. BMC psychiatry. 2013;13:33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cooper, 2003",
          "ref": "Cooper PJ, Murray L, Wilson A, Romaniuk H. Controlled trial of the short- and long-term effect of psychological treatment of post-partum depression. I. Impact on maternal mood. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;182(5):412-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dennis, 2020",
          "ref": "Dennis CL, Grigoriadis S, Zupancic J, Kiss A, Ravitz P. Telephone-based nurse-delivered interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression: nationwide randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2020;216(4):189-196."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonseca, 2020",
          "ref": "Fonseca A, Alves S, Monteiro F, Gorayeb R, Canavarro MC. Be a Mom, a Web-Based Intervention to Prevent Postpartum Depression: Results From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behav Ther. 2020;51(4):616-633."
        },
        {
          "study": "Forsell, 2017",
          "ref": "Forsell E, Bendix M, Holländare F, et al. Internet delivered cognitive behavior therapy for antenatal depression: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders 2017; 221: 56-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Goodman, 2015",
          "ref": "Goodman JH, Prager J, Goldstein R, Freeman M. Perinatal Dyadic Psychotherapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2015;18(3):493-506."
        },
        {
          "study": "Grote, 2009",
          "ref": "Grote NK, Swartz HA, Geibel SL, Zuckoff A, Houck PR, Frank E. A randomized controlled trial of culturally relevant, brief interpersonal psychotherapy for perinatal depression. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(3):313-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gureje, 2022",
          "ref": "Gureje, O., Oladeji, B. D., Kola, L., Bello, T., Ayinde, O., Faregh, N., . . . Zelkowitz, P. (2022). Effect of intervention delivered by frontline maternal care providers to improve outcome and parenting skills among adolescents with perinatal depression in Nigeria (the RAPiD study): A cluster randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord, 312, 169-176. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.032"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hamilton, 2020",
          "ref": "Hamilton J, Saxon D, Best E, Glover V, Walters SJ, Kerr IB. A randomised, controlled pilot study of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) for stressed pregnant women with underlying anxiety and depression in a routine health service setting. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy. 2020."
        },
        {
          "study": "Honey, 2002",
          "ref": "Honey KL, Bennett P, Morgan M. A brief psycho‐educational group intervention for postnatal depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2002;41(4):405-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hou, 2014",
          "ref": "Hou Y, Hu P, Zhang Y, Lu Q, Wang D, Yin L, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy in combination with systemic family therapy improves mild to moderate postpartum depression. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. 2014;36(1):47-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huh, 2023",
          "ref": "Huh, K., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Ferro, M. A., Bieling, P. J., Hicks, A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2023). Online Public Health Nurse-Delivered Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Psychiatry, 84(5)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hulsbosch, 2023",
          "ref": "Hulsbosch, L. P., Potharst, E. S., Schwabe, I., Boekhorst, M. G. B. M., Pop, V. J. M., & Nyklíček, I. (2023). Online mindfulness-based intervention for women with pregnancy distress: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 332, 262-272. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.009"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2017",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Zulqernain, F., Carter, L.-A., Chaudhry, I., Fatima, B., Kiran, T., . . . Rahman, A. (2017). Treatment of maternal depression in urban slums of Karachi, Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an integrated maternal psychological and early child development intervention. Asian journal of psychiatry, 29, 63-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021a",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Fatima, B., Chaudhry, I. B., Husain, M., Shah, S., Bassett, P., Cohen, N., Jafri, F., Naeem, S., Zadeh, Z., Roberts, C., Rahman, A., Naeem, F., Husain, M. I., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). An integrated parenting intervention for maternal depression and child development in a low-resource setting: Cluster randomized controlled trial [Article]. Depress Anxiety, 38(9), 925-939. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23169"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021b",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Shah, S., Rahman, A., Raza Ur, R., Saeed, Q., Naeem, S., Bassett, P., Husain, M., Haq, S. U., Jaffery, F., Cohen, N., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). Efficacy of learning through play plus intervention to reduce maternal depression in women with malnourished children: A randomized controlled trial from Pakistan(✰). J Affect Disord, 278, 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2023",
          "ref": "Husain N, Lunat F, Lovell K, Sharma D, Zaidi N, Bokhari A, et al. Exploratory RCT of a group psychological intervention for postnatal depression in British mothers of South Asian origin - ROSHNI-D. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2023;238:103974."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jesse, 2015",
          "ref": "Jesse DE, Gaynes BN, Feldhousen EB, Newton ER, Bunch S, Hollon SD. Performance of a culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention integrated in a public health setting to reduce risk of antepartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2015;60(5):578-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2014",
          "ref": "Jiang L, Wang ZZ, Qiu LR, Wan GB, Lin Y, Wei Z. Psychological intervention for postpartum depression. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology: Medical sciences. 2014;34(3):437-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lenze, 2017",
          "ref": "Lenze, S., & Potts, M. (2017). Brief Interpersonal Psychotherapy for depression during pregnancy in a low-income population: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 210, 151-157."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2013",
          "ref": "Leung SS, Lee AM, Chiang VC, Lam SK, Kuen YW, Wong DF. Culturally sensitive, preventive antenatal group cognitive-behavioural therapy for Chinese women with depression. Internationan Journal of Nursing Practice. 2013;19(Supp 1):28-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2016",
          "ref": "Leung S, Lee A, Wong D, Wong C, Leung K, Chiang V, et al. A brief group intervention using a cognitive-behavioural approach to reduce postnatal depressive symptoms: A randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Medical Journal. 2016;22(1 Supplement 2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Liu, 2021",
          "ref": "Liu, H., & Yang, Y. (2021). Effects of a psychological nursing intervention on prevention of anxiety and depression in the postpartum period: a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Annals of General Psychiatry, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00320-4"
        },
        {
          "study": "Merza, 2023",
          "ref": "Merza D, Amani B, Savoy C, Babiy Z, Bieling PJ, Streiner DL, et al. Online peer‐delivered group cognitive‐behavioral therapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mulcahy, 2010",
          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ngai, 2015",
          "ref": "Ngai FW, Wong P-C, Leung KY, Chau PH, Chung KF. The effect of telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on postnatal depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(5):294-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Mahen, 2013",
          "ref": "O'Mahen HA, Woodford J, McGinley J, Warren FC, Richards DA, Lynch TR, et al. Internet-based behavioral activation--treatment for postnatal depression (Netmums): A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;150(3):814-22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prabhu, 2025",
          "ref": "Prabhu S, George LS, Guruvare S, Noronha JA, Jose TT, Nayak BS, et al. Effectiveness of psychosocial education program on postnatal depression, stress, and perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy among pregnant women in South India. Patient Education and Counseling. 2025;130."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prendergast, 2001",
          "ref": "Prendergast J, Austin MP. Early childhood nurse-delivered cognitive behavioural counselling for post-natal depression. Australasian Psychiatry. 2001;9(3):255-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Psaros, 2022",
          "ref": "Psaros, C., Stanton, A. M., Raggio, G. A., Mosery, N., Goodman, G. R., Briggs, E. S., . . . Safren, S. A. (2022). Optimizing PMTCT Adherence by Treating Depression in Perinatal Women with HIV in South Africa: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of behavioral medicine. doi:10.1007/s12529-022-10071-z"
        },
        {
          "study": "Puckering, 2010",
          "ref": "Puckering C, McIntosh E, Hickey A, Longford J. Mellow Babies: A group intervention for infants and mothers experiencing postnatal depression. Counselling Psychology Review. 2010;25(1):28-38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pugh, 2016",
          "ref": "Pugh, N. E., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Dirkse, D. (2016). A Randomised Controlled Trial of Therapist-Assisted, Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Women with Maternal Depression. PLoS ONE, 11(3), e0149186."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Seo, 2022",
          "ref": "Seo, J. M., Kim, S. J., Na, H., Kim, J. H., & Lee, H. (2022). Effectiveness of a Mobile Application for Postpartum Depression Self-Management: Evidence from a Randomised Controlled Trial in South Korea. Healthcare (Basel), 10(11). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/healthcare10112185"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2021",
          "ref": "Sun, Y., et al. (2021). \"Effectiveness of Smartphone-Based Mindfulness Training on Maternal Perinatal Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(1): e23410."
        },
        {
          "study": "Trevillion, 2020",
          "ref": "Trevillion K, Ryan EG, Pickles A, et al. An exploratory parallel-group randomised controlled trial of antenatal Guided Self-Help (plus usual care) versus usual care alone for pregnant women with depression: DAWN trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020;261:187-197."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Horne, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Horne, B. S., Nong, Y. H., Cain, C. M., Sampson, M., Greeley, C. S., & Puryear, L. (2022). A promising new model of care for postpartum depression: A randomised controlled trial of a brief home visitation program conducted in Houston, Texas, USA. Health Soc Care Community, 30(5), e2203-e2213. doi:10.1111/hsc.13658"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2021",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Brown, J. S. L., Ferro, M. A., Streiner, D. L., . . . Hanna, S. (2021). Effect of Online 1-Day Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops Plus Usual Care vs Usual Care Alone for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(11), 1200-1207. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2488"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Haber, E., Feller, A., Biscaro, A., . . . Ferro, M. A. (2022). Public Health Nurse-delivered Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Can J Psychiatry, 67(6), 432-440. doi:10.1177/07067437221074426"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2023",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout RJ, Layton H, Savoy CD, Xie F, Brown JSL, Huh K, et al. In-person 1-day cognitive behavioral therapy-based workshops for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2023;53(14):6888-98."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vigod, 2021",
          "ref": "Vigod, S. N., Slyfield Cook, G., Macdonald, K., Hussain-Shamsy, N., Brown, H. K., de Oliveira, C., . . . Dennis, C.-L. (2021). Mother matters: Pilot randomized wait‐list controlled trial of an online therapist‐facilitated discussion board and support group for postpartum depression symptoms. Depress Anxiety, 38(8), 816-825. doi:10.1002/da.23163"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2019",
          "ref": "Zhao, Y., Munro-Kramer, M. L., Shi, S., Wang, J., & Zhao, Q. (2019). Effects of antenatal depression screening and intervention among Chinese high-risk pregnant women with medically defined complications: A randomized controlled trial. Early intervention in psychiatry, 13(5), 1090-1098. doi:10.1111/eip.12731"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
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      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Hou, 2014",
          "ref": "Hou Y, Hu P, Zhang Y, Lu Q, Wang D, Yin L, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy in combination with systemic family therapy improves mild to moderate postpartum depression. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. 2014;36(1):47-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2014",
          "ref": "Jiang L, Wang ZZ, Qiu LR, Wan GB, Lin Y, Wei Z. Psychological intervention for postpartum depression. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology: Medical sciences. 2014;34(3):437-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2013",
          "ref": "Leung SS, Lee AM, Chiang VC, Lam SK, Kuen YW, Wong DF. Culturally sensitive, preventive antenatal group cognitive-behavioural therapy for Chinese women with depression. Internationan Journal of Nursing Practice. 2013;19(Supp 1):28-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2016",
          "ref": "Leung S, Lee A, Wong D, Wong C, Leung K, Chiang V, et al. A brief group intervention using a cognitive-behavioural approach to reduce postnatal depressive symptoms: A randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Medical Journal. 2016;22(1 Supplement 2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Liu, 2021",
          "ref": "Liu, H., & Yang, Y. (2021). Effects of a psychological nursing intervention on prevention of anxiety and depression in the postpartum period: a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Annals of General Psychiatry, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00320-4"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ngai, 2015",
          "ref": "Ngai FW, Wong P-C, Leung KY, Chau PH, Chung KF. The effect of telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on postnatal depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(5):294-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "Seo, 2022",
          "ref": "Seo, J. M., Kim, S. J., Na, H., Kim, J. H., & Lee, H. (2022). Effectiveness of a Mobile Application for Postpartum Depression Self-Management: Evidence from a Randomised Controlled Trial in South Korea. Healthcare (Basel), 10(11). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/healthcare10112185"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2021",
          "ref": "Sun, Y., et al. (2021). \"Effectiveness of Smartphone-Based Mindfulness Training on Maternal Perinatal Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(1): e23410."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2019",
          "ref": "Zhao, Y., Munro-Kramer, M. L., Shi, S., Wang, J., & Zhao, Q. (2019). Effects of antenatal depression screening and intervention among Chinese high-risk pregnant women with medically defined complications: A randomized controlled trial. Early intervention in psychiatry, 13(5), 1090-1098. doi:10.1111/eip.12731"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 552,
      "instr": "EPDS",
      "full": "Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "Asia",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 49,
      "k_es": 52,
      "sd": 4.663,
      "lo": 4.283,
      "hi": 5.077,
      "tau2": 0.0765,
      "tau2w": 0.0042,
      "plo": 2.656,
      "phi": 8.189,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abujilban, 2024",
          "ref": "Abujilban, S., Al-Omari, H., Issa, E., Alhamdan, A., Al-Nabulsi, L., Mrayan, L., . . . Kernohan, W. G. (2024). Effectiveness of Telephone-Based Interpersonal Psychotherapy on Antenatal Depressive Symptoms: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial in The Kingdom of Jordan. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 30(3), 635-645. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/10783903231171595"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alhusen, 2021",
          "ref": "Alhusen, J. L., Hayat, M. J., & Borg, L. (2021, Feb). A pilot study of a group-based perinatal depression intervention on reducing depressive symptoms and improving maternal-fetal attachment and maternal sensitivity. Arch Womens Ment Health, 24(1), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-020-01032-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Amani, 2021",
          "ref": "Amani, B., Merza, D., Savoy, C., Streiner, D., Bieling, P., Ferro, M. A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2021, Nov 9). Peer-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Psychiatry, 83(1). https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.21m13928"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Babiy, 2024",
          "ref": "Babiy, Z., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Xie, F., Brown, J. S. L., Bieling, P. J., . . . Van Lieshout, R. J. (2024). One-Day Peer-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 93(2), 129-140. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000536040"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bengtson, 2023",
          "ref": "Bengtson AM, Filipowicz TR, Mphonda S, Udedi M, Kulisewa K, Meltzer-Brody S, et al. An Intervention to Improve Mental Health and HIV Care Engagement Among Perinatal Women in Malawi: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. AIDS and behavior. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Burns, 2013",
          "ref": "Burns A, O'Mahen H, Baxter H, Bennert K, Wiles N, Ramchandani P, et al. A pilot randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for antenatal depression. BMC psychiatry. 2013;13:33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cooper, 2003",
          "ref": "Cooper PJ, Murray L, Wilson A, Romaniuk H. Controlled trial of the short- and long-term effect of psychological treatment of post-partum depression. I. Impact on maternal mood. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;182(5):412-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dennis, 2020",
          "ref": "Dennis CL, Grigoriadis S, Zupancic J, Kiss A, Ravitz P. Telephone-based nurse-delivered interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression: nationwide randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2020;216(4):189-196."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonseca, 2020",
          "ref": "Fonseca A, Alves S, Monteiro F, Gorayeb R, Canavarro MC. Be a Mom, a Web-Based Intervention to Prevent Postpartum Depression: Results From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behav Ther. 2020;51(4):616-633."
        },
        {
          "study": "Forsell, 2017",
          "ref": "Forsell E, Bendix M, Holländare F, et al. Internet delivered cognitive behavior therapy for antenatal depression: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders 2017; 221: 56-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Goodman, 2015",
          "ref": "Goodman JH, Prager J, Goldstein R, Freeman M. Perinatal Dyadic Psychotherapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2015;18(3):493-506."
        },
        {
          "study": "Grote, 2009",
          "ref": "Grote NK, Swartz HA, Geibel SL, Zuckoff A, Houck PR, Frank E. A randomized controlled trial of culturally relevant, brief interpersonal psychotherapy for perinatal depression. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(3):313-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gureje, 2022",
          "ref": "Gureje, O., Oladeji, B. D., Kola, L., Bello, T., Ayinde, O., Faregh, N., . . . Zelkowitz, P. (2022). Effect of intervention delivered by frontline maternal care providers to improve outcome and parenting skills among adolescents with perinatal depression in Nigeria (the RAPiD study): A cluster randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord, 312, 169-176. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.032"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hamilton, 2020",
          "ref": "Hamilton J, Saxon D, Best E, Glover V, Walters SJ, Kerr IB. A randomised, controlled pilot study of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) for stressed pregnant women with underlying anxiety and depression in a routine health service setting. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy. 2020."
        },
        {
          "study": "Honey, 2002",
          "ref": "Honey KL, Bennett P, Morgan M. A brief psycho‐educational group intervention for postnatal depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2002;41(4):405-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hou, 2014",
          "ref": "Hou Y, Hu P, Zhang Y, Lu Q, Wang D, Yin L, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy in combination with systemic family therapy improves mild to moderate postpartum depression. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. 2014;36(1):47-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huh, 2023",
          "ref": "Huh, K., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Ferro, M. A., Bieling, P. J., Hicks, A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2023). Online Public Health Nurse-Delivered Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Psychiatry, 84(5)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hulsbosch, 2023",
          "ref": "Hulsbosch, L. P., Potharst, E. S., Schwabe, I., Boekhorst, M. G. B. M., Pop, V. J. M., & Nyklíček, I. (2023). Online mindfulness-based intervention for women with pregnancy distress: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 332, 262-272. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.009"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2017",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Zulqernain, F., Carter, L.-A., Chaudhry, I., Fatima, B., Kiran, T., . . . Rahman, A. (2017). Treatment of maternal depression in urban slums of Karachi, Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an integrated maternal psychological and early child development intervention. Asian journal of psychiatry, 29, 63-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021a",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Fatima, B., Chaudhry, I. B., Husain, M., Shah, S., Bassett, P., Cohen, N., Jafri, F., Naeem, S., Zadeh, Z., Roberts, C., Rahman, A., Naeem, F., Husain, M. I., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). An integrated parenting intervention for maternal depression and child development in a low-resource setting: Cluster randomized controlled trial [Article]. Depress Anxiety, 38(9), 925-939. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23169"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021b",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Shah, S., Rahman, A., Raza Ur, R., Saeed, Q., Naeem, S., Bassett, P., Husain, M., Haq, S. U., Jaffery, F., Cohen, N., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). Efficacy of learning through play plus intervention to reduce maternal depression in women with malnourished children: A randomized controlled trial from Pakistan(✰). J Affect Disord, 278, 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2023",
          "ref": "Husain N, Lunat F, Lovell K, Sharma D, Zaidi N, Bokhari A, et al. Exploratory RCT of a group psychological intervention for postnatal depression in British mothers of South Asian origin - ROSHNI-D. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2023;238:103974."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jesse, 2015",
          "ref": "Jesse DE, Gaynes BN, Feldhousen EB, Newton ER, Bunch S, Hollon SD. Performance of a culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention integrated in a public health setting to reduce risk of antepartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2015;60(5):578-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2014",
          "ref": "Jiang L, Wang ZZ, Qiu LR, Wan GB, Lin Y, Wei Z. Psychological intervention for postpartum depression. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology: Medical sciences. 2014;34(3):437-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lenze, 2017",
          "ref": "Lenze, S., & Potts, M. (2017). Brief Interpersonal Psychotherapy for depression during pregnancy in a low-income population: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 210, 151-157."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2013",
          "ref": "Leung SS, Lee AM, Chiang VC, Lam SK, Kuen YW, Wong DF. Culturally sensitive, preventive antenatal group cognitive-behavioural therapy for Chinese women with depression. Internationan Journal of Nursing Practice. 2013;19(Supp 1):28-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2016",
          "ref": "Leung S, Lee A, Wong D, Wong C, Leung K, Chiang V, et al. A brief group intervention using a cognitive-behavioural approach to reduce postnatal depressive symptoms: A randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Medical Journal. 2016;22(1 Supplement 2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Liu, 2021",
          "ref": "Liu, H., & Yang, Y. (2021). Effects of a psychological nursing intervention on prevention of anxiety and depression in the postpartum period: a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Annals of General Psychiatry, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00320-4"
        },
        {
          "study": "Merza, 2023",
          "ref": "Merza D, Amani B, Savoy C, Babiy Z, Bieling PJ, Streiner DL, et al. Online peer‐delivered group cognitive‐behavioral therapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mulcahy, 2010",
          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ngai, 2015",
          "ref": "Ngai FW, Wong P-C, Leung KY, Chau PH, Chung KF. The effect of telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on postnatal depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(5):294-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Mahen, 2013",
          "ref": "O'Mahen HA, Woodford J, McGinley J, Warren FC, Richards DA, Lynch TR, et al. Internet-based behavioral activation--treatment for postnatal depression (Netmums): A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;150(3):814-22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prabhu, 2025",
          "ref": "Prabhu S, George LS, Guruvare S, Noronha JA, Jose TT, Nayak BS, et al. Effectiveness of psychosocial education program on postnatal depression, stress, and perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy among pregnant women in South India. Patient Education and Counseling. 2025;130."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prendergast, 2001",
          "ref": "Prendergast J, Austin MP. Early childhood nurse-delivered cognitive behavioural counselling for post-natal depression. Australasian Psychiatry. 2001;9(3):255-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Psaros, 2022",
          "ref": "Psaros, C., Stanton, A. M., Raggio, G. A., Mosery, N., Goodman, G. R., Briggs, E. S., . . . Safren, S. A. (2022). Optimizing PMTCT Adherence by Treating Depression in Perinatal Women with HIV in South Africa: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of behavioral medicine. doi:10.1007/s12529-022-10071-z"
        },
        {
          "study": "Puckering, 2010",
          "ref": "Puckering C, McIntosh E, Hickey A, Longford J. Mellow Babies: A group intervention for infants and mothers experiencing postnatal depression. Counselling Psychology Review. 2010;25(1):28-38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pugh, 2016",
          "ref": "Pugh, N. E., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Dirkse, D. (2016). A Randomised Controlled Trial of Therapist-Assisted, Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Women with Maternal Depression. PLoS ONE, 11(3), e0149186."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Seo, 2022",
          "ref": "Seo, J. M., Kim, S. J., Na, H., Kim, J. H., & Lee, H. (2022). Effectiveness of a Mobile Application for Postpartum Depression Self-Management: Evidence from a Randomised Controlled Trial in South Korea. Healthcare (Basel), 10(11). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/healthcare10112185"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2021",
          "ref": "Sun, Y., et al. (2021). \"Effectiveness of Smartphone-Based Mindfulness Training on Maternal Perinatal Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(1): e23410."
        },
        {
          "study": "Trevillion, 2020",
          "ref": "Trevillion K, Ryan EG, Pickles A, et al. An exploratory parallel-group randomised controlled trial of antenatal Guided Self-Help (plus usual care) versus usual care alone for pregnant women with depression: DAWN trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020;261:187-197."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Horne, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Horne, B. S., Nong, Y. H., Cain, C. M., Sampson, M., Greeley, C. S., & Puryear, L. (2022). A promising new model of care for postpartum depression: A randomised controlled trial of a brief home visitation program conducted in Houston, Texas, USA. Health Soc Care Community, 30(5), e2203-e2213. doi:10.1111/hsc.13658"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2021",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Brown, J. S. L., Ferro, M. A., Streiner, D. L., . . . Hanna, S. (2021). Effect of Online 1-Day Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops Plus Usual Care vs Usual Care Alone for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(11), 1200-1207. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2488"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Haber, E., Feller, A., Biscaro, A., . . . Ferro, M. A. (2022). Public Health Nurse-delivered Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Can J Psychiatry, 67(6), 432-440. doi:10.1177/07067437221074426"
        },
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          "ref": "Van Lieshout RJ, Layton H, Savoy CD, Xie F, Brown JSL, Huh K, et al. In-person 1-day cognitive behavioral therapy-based workshops for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2023;53(14):6888-98."
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          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
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          "ref": "Zhao, Y., Munro-Kramer, M. L., Shi, S., Wang, J., & Zhao, Q. (2019). Effects of antenatal depression screening and intervention among Chinese high-risk pregnant women with medically defined complications: A randomized controlled trial. Early intervention in psychiatry, 13(5), 1090-1098. doi:10.1111/eip.12731"
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          "ref": "Fonseca A, Alves S, Monteiro F, Gorayeb R, Canavarro MC. Be a Mom, a Web-Based Intervention to Prevent Postpartum Depression: Results From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behav Ther. 2020;51(4):616-633."
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          "ref": "Hamilton J, Saxon D, Best E, Glover V, Walters SJ, Kerr IB. A randomised, controlled pilot study of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) for stressed pregnant women with underlying anxiety and depression in a routine health service setting. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy. 2020."
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          "ref": "Trevillion K, Ryan EG, Pickles A, et al. An exploratory parallel-group randomised controlled trial of antenatal Guided Self-Help (plus usual care) versus usual care alone for pregnant women with depression: DAWN trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020;261:187-197."
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        {
          "study": "Abujilban, 2024",
          "ref": "Abujilban, S., Al-Omari, H., Issa, E., Alhamdan, A., Al-Nabulsi, L., Mrayan, L., . . . Kernohan, W. G. (2024). Effectiveness of Telephone-Based Interpersonal Psychotherapy on Antenatal Depressive Symptoms: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial in The Kingdom of Jordan. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 30(3), 635-645. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/10783903231171595"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alhusen, 2021",
          "ref": "Alhusen, J. L., Hayat, M. J., & Borg, L. (2021, Feb). A pilot study of a group-based perinatal depression intervention on reducing depressive symptoms and improving maternal-fetal attachment and maternal sensitivity. Arch Womens Ment Health, 24(1), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-020-01032-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Amani, 2021",
          "ref": "Amani, B., Merza, D., Savoy, C., Streiner, D., Bieling, P., Ferro, M. A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2021, Nov 9). Peer-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Psychiatry, 83(1). https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.21m13928"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Babiy, 2024",
          "ref": "Babiy, Z., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Xie, F., Brown, J. S. L., Bieling, P. J., . . . Van Lieshout, R. J. (2024). One-Day Peer-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 93(2), 129-140. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000536040"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bengtson, 2023",
          "ref": "Bengtson AM, Filipowicz TR, Mphonda S, Udedi M, Kulisewa K, Meltzer-Brody S, et al. An Intervention to Improve Mental Health and HIV Care Engagement Among Perinatal Women in Malawi: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. AIDS and behavior. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Burns, 2013",
          "ref": "Burns A, O'Mahen H, Baxter H, Bennert K, Wiles N, Ramchandani P, et al. A pilot randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for antenatal depression. BMC psychiatry. 2013;13:33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cooper, 2003",
          "ref": "Cooper PJ, Murray L, Wilson A, Romaniuk H. Controlled trial of the short- and long-term effect of psychological treatment of post-partum depression. I. Impact on maternal mood. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;182(5):412-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dennis, 2020",
          "ref": "Dennis CL, Grigoriadis S, Zupancic J, Kiss A, Ravitz P. Telephone-based nurse-delivered interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression: nationwide randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2020;216(4):189-196."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonseca, 2020",
          "ref": "Fonseca A, Alves S, Monteiro F, Gorayeb R, Canavarro MC. Be a Mom, a Web-Based Intervention to Prevent Postpartum Depression: Results From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behav Ther. 2020;51(4):616-633."
        },
        {
          "study": "Forsell, 2017",
          "ref": "Forsell E, Bendix M, Holländare F, et al. Internet delivered cognitive behavior therapy for antenatal depression: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders 2017; 221: 56-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Goodman, 2015",
          "ref": "Goodman JH, Prager J, Goldstein R, Freeman M. Perinatal Dyadic Psychotherapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2015;18(3):493-506."
        },
        {
          "study": "Grote, 2009",
          "ref": "Grote NK, Swartz HA, Geibel SL, Zuckoff A, Houck PR, Frank E. A randomized controlled trial of culturally relevant, brief interpersonal psychotherapy for perinatal depression. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(3):313-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gureje, 2022",
          "ref": "Gureje, O., Oladeji, B. D., Kola, L., Bello, T., Ayinde, O., Faregh, N., . . . Zelkowitz, P. (2022). Effect of intervention delivered by frontline maternal care providers to improve outcome and parenting skills among adolescents with perinatal depression in Nigeria (the RAPiD study): A cluster randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord, 312, 169-176. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.032"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hamilton, 2020",
          "ref": "Hamilton J, Saxon D, Best E, Glover V, Walters SJ, Kerr IB. A randomised, controlled pilot study of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) for stressed pregnant women with underlying anxiety and depression in a routine health service setting. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy. 2020."
        },
        {
          "study": "Honey, 2002",
          "ref": "Honey KL, Bennett P, Morgan M. A brief psycho‐educational group intervention for postnatal depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2002;41(4):405-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hou, 2014",
          "ref": "Hou Y, Hu P, Zhang Y, Lu Q, Wang D, Yin L, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy in combination with systemic family therapy improves mild to moderate postpartum depression. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. 2014;36(1):47-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huh, 2023",
          "ref": "Huh, K., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Ferro, M. A., Bieling, P. J., Hicks, A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2023). Online Public Health Nurse-Delivered Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Psychiatry, 84(5)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hulsbosch, 2023",
          "ref": "Hulsbosch, L. P., Potharst, E. S., Schwabe, I., Boekhorst, M. G. B. M., Pop, V. J. M., & Nyklíček, I. (2023). Online mindfulness-based intervention for women with pregnancy distress: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 332, 262-272. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.009"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2017",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Zulqernain, F., Carter, L.-A., Chaudhry, I., Fatima, B., Kiran, T., . . . Rahman, A. (2017). Treatment of maternal depression in urban slums of Karachi, Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an integrated maternal psychological and early child development intervention. Asian journal of psychiatry, 29, 63-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021a",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Fatima, B., Chaudhry, I. B., Husain, M., Shah, S., Bassett, P., Cohen, N., Jafri, F., Naeem, S., Zadeh, Z., Roberts, C., Rahman, A., Naeem, F., Husain, M. I., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). An integrated parenting intervention for maternal depression and child development in a low-resource setting: Cluster randomized controlled trial [Article]. Depress Anxiety, 38(9), 925-939. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23169"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021b",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Shah, S., Rahman, A., Raza Ur, R., Saeed, Q., Naeem, S., Bassett, P., Husain, M., Haq, S. U., Jaffery, F., Cohen, N., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). Efficacy of learning through play plus intervention to reduce maternal depression in women with malnourished children: A randomized controlled trial from Pakistan(✰). J Affect Disord, 278, 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2023",
          "ref": "Husain N, Lunat F, Lovell K, Sharma D, Zaidi N, Bokhari A, et al. Exploratory RCT of a group psychological intervention for postnatal depression in British mothers of South Asian origin - ROSHNI-D. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2023;238:103974."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jesse, 2015",
          "ref": "Jesse DE, Gaynes BN, Feldhousen EB, Newton ER, Bunch S, Hollon SD. Performance of a culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention integrated in a public health setting to reduce risk of antepartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2015;60(5):578-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2014",
          "ref": "Jiang L, Wang ZZ, Qiu LR, Wan GB, Lin Y, Wei Z. Psychological intervention for postpartum depression. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology: Medical sciences. 2014;34(3):437-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lenze, 2017",
          "ref": "Lenze, S., & Potts, M. (2017). Brief Interpersonal Psychotherapy for depression during pregnancy in a low-income population: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 210, 151-157."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2013",
          "ref": "Leung SS, Lee AM, Chiang VC, Lam SK, Kuen YW, Wong DF. Culturally sensitive, preventive antenatal group cognitive-behavioural therapy for Chinese women with depression. Internationan Journal of Nursing Practice. 2013;19(Supp 1):28-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2016",
          "ref": "Leung S, Lee A, Wong D, Wong C, Leung K, Chiang V, et al. A brief group intervention using a cognitive-behavioural approach to reduce postnatal depressive symptoms: A randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Medical Journal. 2016;22(1 Supplement 2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Liu, 2021",
          "ref": "Liu, H., & Yang, Y. (2021). Effects of a psychological nursing intervention on prevention of anxiety and depression in the postpartum period: a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Annals of General Psychiatry, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00320-4"
        },
        {
          "study": "Merza, 2023",
          "ref": "Merza D, Amani B, Savoy C, Babiy Z, Bieling PJ, Streiner DL, et al. Online peer‐delivered group cognitive‐behavioral therapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mulcahy, 2010",
          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ngai, 2015",
          "ref": "Ngai FW, Wong P-C, Leung KY, Chau PH, Chung KF. The effect of telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on postnatal depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(5):294-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Mahen, 2013",
          "ref": "O'Mahen HA, Woodford J, McGinley J, Warren FC, Richards DA, Lynch TR, et al. Internet-based behavioral activation--treatment for postnatal depression (Netmums): A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;150(3):814-22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prabhu, 2025",
          "ref": "Prabhu S, George LS, Guruvare S, Noronha JA, Jose TT, Nayak BS, et al. Effectiveness of psychosocial education program on postnatal depression, stress, and perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy among pregnant women in South India. Patient Education and Counseling. 2025;130."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prendergast, 2001",
          "ref": "Prendergast J, Austin MP. Early childhood nurse-delivered cognitive behavioural counselling for post-natal depression. Australasian Psychiatry. 2001;9(3):255-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Psaros, 2022",
          "ref": "Psaros, C., Stanton, A. M., Raggio, G. A., Mosery, N., Goodman, G. R., Briggs, E. S., . . . Safren, S. A. (2022). Optimizing PMTCT Adherence by Treating Depression in Perinatal Women with HIV in South Africa: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of behavioral medicine. doi:10.1007/s12529-022-10071-z"
        },
        {
          "study": "Puckering, 2010",
          "ref": "Puckering C, McIntosh E, Hickey A, Longford J. Mellow Babies: A group intervention for infants and mothers experiencing postnatal depression. Counselling Psychology Review. 2010;25(1):28-38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pugh, 2016",
          "ref": "Pugh, N. E., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Dirkse, D. (2016). A Randomised Controlled Trial of Therapist-Assisted, Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Women with Maternal Depression. PLoS ONE, 11(3), e0149186."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Seo, 2022",
          "ref": "Seo, J. M., Kim, S. J., Na, H., Kim, J. H., & Lee, H. (2022). Effectiveness of a Mobile Application for Postpartum Depression Self-Management: Evidence from a Randomised Controlled Trial in South Korea. Healthcare (Basel), 10(11). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/healthcare10112185"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2021",
          "ref": "Sun, Y., et al. (2021). \"Effectiveness of Smartphone-Based Mindfulness Training on Maternal Perinatal Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(1): e23410."
        },
        {
          "study": "Trevillion, 2020",
          "ref": "Trevillion K, Ryan EG, Pickles A, et al. An exploratory parallel-group randomised controlled trial of antenatal Guided Self-Help (plus usual care) versus usual care alone for pregnant women with depression: DAWN trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020;261:187-197."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Horne, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Horne, B. S., Nong, Y. H., Cain, C. M., Sampson, M., Greeley, C. S., & Puryear, L. (2022). A promising new model of care for postpartum depression: A randomised controlled trial of a brief home visitation program conducted in Houston, Texas, USA. Health Soc Care Community, 30(5), e2203-e2213. doi:10.1111/hsc.13658"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2021",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Brown, J. S. L., Ferro, M. A., Streiner, D. L., . . . Hanna, S. (2021). Effect of Online 1-Day Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops Plus Usual Care vs Usual Care Alone for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(11), 1200-1207. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2488"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Haber, E., Feller, A., Biscaro, A., . . . Ferro, M. A. (2022). Public Health Nurse-delivered Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Can J Psychiatry, 67(6), 432-440. doi:10.1177/07067437221074426"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2023",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout RJ, Layton H, Savoy CD, Xie F, Brown JSL, Huh K, et al. In-person 1-day cognitive behavioral therapy-based workshops for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2023;53(14):6888-98."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vigod, 2021",
          "ref": "Vigod, S. N., Slyfield Cook, G., Macdonald, K., Hussain-Shamsy, N., Brown, H. K., de Oliveira, C., . . . Dennis, C.-L. (2021). Mother matters: Pilot randomized wait‐list controlled trial of an online therapist‐facilitated discussion board and support group for postpartum depression symptoms. Depress Anxiety, 38(8), 816-825. doi:10.1002/da.23163"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2019",
          "ref": "Zhao, Y., Munro-Kramer, M. L., Shi, S., Wang, J., & Zhao, Q. (2019). Effects of antenatal depression screening and intervention among Chinese high-risk pregnant women with medically defined complications: A randomized controlled trial. Early intervention in psychiatry, 13(5), 1090-1098. doi:10.1111/eip.12731"
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          "study": "Alhusen, 2021",
          "ref": "Alhusen, J. L., Hayat, M. J., & Borg, L. (2021, Feb). A pilot study of a group-based perinatal depression intervention on reducing depressive symptoms and improving maternal-fetal attachment and maternal sensitivity. Arch Womens Ment Health, 24(1), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-020-01032-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Amani, 2021",
          "ref": "Amani, B., Merza, D., Savoy, C., Streiner, D., Bieling, P., Ferro, M. A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2021, Nov 9). Peer-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Psychiatry, 83(1). https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.21m13928"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Babiy, 2024",
          "ref": "Babiy, Z., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Xie, F., Brown, J. S. L., Bieling, P. J., . . . Van Lieshout, R. J. (2024). One-Day Peer-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 93(2), 129-140. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000536040"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dennis, 2020",
          "ref": "Dennis CL, Grigoriadis S, Zupancic J, Kiss A, Ravitz P. Telephone-based nurse-delivered interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression: nationwide randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2020;216(4):189-196."
        },
        {
          "study": "Goodman, 2015",
          "ref": "Goodman JH, Prager J, Goldstein R, Freeman M. Perinatal Dyadic Psychotherapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2015;18(3):493-506."
        },
        {
          "study": "Grote, 2009",
          "ref": "Grote NK, Swartz HA, Geibel SL, Zuckoff A, Houck PR, Frank E. A randomized controlled trial of culturally relevant, brief interpersonal psychotherapy for perinatal depression. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(3):313-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huh, 2023",
          "ref": "Huh, K., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Ferro, M. A., Bieling, P. J., Hicks, A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2023). Online Public Health Nurse-Delivered Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Psychiatry, 84(5)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jesse, 2015",
          "ref": "Jesse DE, Gaynes BN, Feldhousen EB, Newton ER, Bunch S, Hollon SD. Performance of a culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention integrated in a public health setting to reduce risk of antepartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2015;60(5):578-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lenze, 2017",
          "ref": "Lenze, S., & Potts, M. (2017). Brief Interpersonal Psychotherapy for depression during pregnancy in a low-income population: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 210, 151-157."
        },
        {
          "study": "Merza, 2023",
          "ref": "Merza D, Amani B, Savoy C, Babiy Z, Bieling PJ, Streiner DL, et al. Online peer‐delivered group cognitive‐behavioral therapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pugh, 2016",
          "ref": "Pugh, N. E., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Dirkse, D. (2016). A Randomised Controlled Trial of Therapist-Assisted, Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Women with Maternal Depression. PLoS ONE, 11(3), e0149186."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Horne, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Horne, B. S., Nong, Y. H., Cain, C. M., Sampson, M., Greeley, C. S., & Puryear, L. (2022). A promising new model of care for postpartum depression: A randomised controlled trial of a brief home visitation program conducted in Houston, Texas, USA. Health Soc Care Community, 30(5), e2203-e2213. doi:10.1111/hsc.13658"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Brown, J. S. L., Ferro, M. A., Streiner, D. L., . . . Hanna, S. (2021). Effect of Online 1-Day Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops Plus Usual Care vs Usual Care Alone for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(11), 1200-1207. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2488"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Haber, E., Feller, A., Biscaro, A., . . . Ferro, M. A. (2022). Public Health Nurse-delivered Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Can J Psychiatry, 67(6), 432-440. doi:10.1177/07067437221074426"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2023",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout RJ, Layton H, Savoy CD, Xie F, Brown JSL, Huh K, et al. In-person 1-day cognitive behavioral therapy-based workshops for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2023;53(14):6888-98."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vigod, 2021",
          "ref": "Vigod, S. N., Slyfield Cook, G., Macdonald, K., Hussain-Shamsy, N., Brown, H. K., de Oliveira, C., . . . Dennis, C.-L. (2021). Mother matters: Pilot randomized wait‐list controlled trial of an online therapist‐facilitated discussion board and support group for postpartum depression symptoms. Depress Anxiety, 38(8), 816-825. doi:10.1002/da.23163"
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        {
          "study": "Abujilban, 2024",
          "ref": "Abujilban, S., Al-Omari, H., Issa, E., Alhamdan, A., Al-Nabulsi, L., Mrayan, L., . . . Kernohan, W. G. (2024). Effectiveness of Telephone-Based Interpersonal Psychotherapy on Antenatal Depressive Symptoms: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial in The Kingdom of Jordan. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 30(3), 635-645. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/10783903231171595"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alhusen, 2021",
          "ref": "Alhusen, J. L., Hayat, M. J., & Borg, L. (2021, Feb). A pilot study of a group-based perinatal depression intervention on reducing depressive symptoms and improving maternal-fetal attachment and maternal sensitivity. Arch Womens Ment Health, 24(1), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-020-01032-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Amani, 2021",
          "ref": "Amani, B., Merza, D., Savoy, C., Streiner, D., Bieling, P., Ferro, M. A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2021, Nov 9). Peer-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Psychiatry, 83(1). https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.21m13928"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Babiy, 2024",
          "ref": "Babiy, Z., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Xie, F., Brown, J. S. L., Bieling, P. J., . . . Van Lieshout, R. J. (2024). One-Day Peer-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 93(2), 129-140. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000536040"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bengtson, 2023",
          "ref": "Bengtson AM, Filipowicz TR, Mphonda S, Udedi M, Kulisewa K, Meltzer-Brody S, et al. An Intervention to Improve Mental Health and HIV Care Engagement Among Perinatal Women in Malawi: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. AIDS and behavior. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Burns, 2013",
          "ref": "Burns A, O'Mahen H, Baxter H, Bennert K, Wiles N, Ramchandani P, et al. A pilot randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for antenatal depression. BMC psychiatry. 2013;13:33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cooper, 2003",
          "ref": "Cooper PJ, Murray L, Wilson A, Romaniuk H. Controlled trial of the short- and long-term effect of psychological treatment of post-partum depression. I. Impact on maternal mood. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;182(5):412-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dennis, 2020",
          "ref": "Dennis CL, Grigoriadis S, Zupancic J, Kiss A, Ravitz P. Telephone-based nurse-delivered interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression: nationwide randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2020;216(4):189-196."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonseca, 2020",
          "ref": "Fonseca A, Alves S, Monteiro F, Gorayeb R, Canavarro MC. Be a Mom, a Web-Based Intervention to Prevent Postpartum Depression: Results From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behav Ther. 2020;51(4):616-633."
        },
        {
          "study": "Forsell, 2017",
          "ref": "Forsell E, Bendix M, Holländare F, et al. Internet delivered cognitive behavior therapy for antenatal depression: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders 2017; 221: 56-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Goodman, 2015",
          "ref": "Goodman JH, Prager J, Goldstein R, Freeman M. Perinatal Dyadic Psychotherapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2015;18(3):493-506."
        },
        {
          "study": "Grote, 2009",
          "ref": "Grote NK, Swartz HA, Geibel SL, Zuckoff A, Houck PR, Frank E. A randomized controlled trial of culturally relevant, brief interpersonal psychotherapy for perinatal depression. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(3):313-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gureje, 2022",
          "ref": "Gureje, O., Oladeji, B. D., Kola, L., Bello, T., Ayinde, O., Faregh, N., . . . Zelkowitz, P. (2022). Effect of intervention delivered by frontline maternal care providers to improve outcome and parenting skills among adolescents with perinatal depression in Nigeria (the RAPiD study): A cluster randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord, 312, 169-176. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.032"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hamilton, 2020",
          "ref": "Hamilton J, Saxon D, Best E, Glover V, Walters SJ, Kerr IB. A randomised, controlled pilot study of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) for stressed pregnant women with underlying anxiety and depression in a routine health service setting. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy. 2020."
        },
        {
          "study": "Honey, 2002",
          "ref": "Honey KL, Bennett P, Morgan M. A brief psycho‐educational group intervention for postnatal depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2002;41(4):405-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hou, 2014",
          "ref": "Hou Y, Hu P, Zhang Y, Lu Q, Wang D, Yin L, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy in combination with systemic family therapy improves mild to moderate postpartum depression. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. 2014;36(1):47-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huh, 2023",
          "ref": "Huh, K., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Ferro, M. A., Bieling, P. J., Hicks, A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2023). Online Public Health Nurse-Delivered Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Psychiatry, 84(5)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hulsbosch, 2023",
          "ref": "Hulsbosch, L. P., Potharst, E. S., Schwabe, I., Boekhorst, M. G. B. M., Pop, V. J. M., & Nyklíček, I. (2023). Online mindfulness-based intervention for women with pregnancy distress: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 332, 262-272. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.009"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2017",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Zulqernain, F., Carter, L.-A., Chaudhry, I., Fatima, B., Kiran, T., . . . Rahman, A. (2017). Treatment of maternal depression in urban slums of Karachi, Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an integrated maternal psychological and early child development intervention. Asian journal of psychiatry, 29, 63-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021a",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Fatima, B., Chaudhry, I. B., Husain, M., Shah, S., Bassett, P., Cohen, N., Jafri, F., Naeem, S., Zadeh, Z., Roberts, C., Rahman, A., Naeem, F., Husain, M. I., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). An integrated parenting intervention for maternal depression and child development in a low-resource setting: Cluster randomized controlled trial [Article]. Depress Anxiety, 38(9), 925-939. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23169"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021b",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Shah, S., Rahman, A., Raza Ur, R., Saeed, Q., Naeem, S., Bassett, P., Husain, M., Haq, S. U., Jaffery, F., Cohen, N., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). Efficacy of learning through play plus intervention to reduce maternal depression in women with malnourished children: A randomized controlled trial from Pakistan(✰). J Affect Disord, 278, 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2023",
          "ref": "Husain N, Lunat F, Lovell K, Sharma D, Zaidi N, Bokhari A, et al. Exploratory RCT of a group psychological intervention for postnatal depression in British mothers of South Asian origin - ROSHNI-D. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2023;238:103974."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jesse, 2015",
          "ref": "Jesse DE, Gaynes BN, Feldhousen EB, Newton ER, Bunch S, Hollon SD. Performance of a culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention integrated in a public health setting to reduce risk of antepartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2015;60(5):578-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2014",
          "ref": "Jiang L, Wang ZZ, Qiu LR, Wan GB, Lin Y, Wei Z. Psychological intervention for postpartum depression. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology: Medical sciences. 2014;34(3):437-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lenze, 2017",
          "ref": "Lenze, S., & Potts, M. (2017). Brief Interpersonal Psychotherapy for depression during pregnancy in a low-income population: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 210, 151-157."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2013",
          "ref": "Leung SS, Lee AM, Chiang VC, Lam SK, Kuen YW, Wong DF. Culturally sensitive, preventive antenatal group cognitive-behavioural therapy for Chinese women with depression. Internationan Journal of Nursing Practice. 2013;19(Supp 1):28-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2016",
          "ref": "Leung S, Lee A, Wong D, Wong C, Leung K, Chiang V, et al. A brief group intervention using a cognitive-behavioural approach to reduce postnatal depressive symptoms: A randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Medical Journal. 2016;22(1 Supplement 2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Liu, 2021",
          "ref": "Liu, H., & Yang, Y. (2021). Effects of a psychological nursing intervention on prevention of anxiety and depression in the postpartum period: a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Annals of General Psychiatry, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00320-4"
        },
        {
          "study": "Merza, 2023",
          "ref": "Merza D, Amani B, Savoy C, Babiy Z, Bieling PJ, Streiner DL, et al. Online peer‐delivered group cognitive‐behavioral therapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mulcahy, 2010",
          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ngai, 2015",
          "ref": "Ngai FW, Wong P-C, Leung KY, Chau PH, Chung KF. The effect of telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on postnatal depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(5):294-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Mahen, 2013",
          "ref": "O'Mahen HA, Woodford J, McGinley J, Warren FC, Richards DA, Lynch TR, et al. Internet-based behavioral activation--treatment for postnatal depression (Netmums): A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;150(3):814-22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prabhu, 2025",
          "ref": "Prabhu S, George LS, Guruvare S, Noronha JA, Jose TT, Nayak BS, et al. Effectiveness of psychosocial education program on postnatal depression, stress, and perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy among pregnant women in South India. Patient Education and Counseling. 2025;130."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prendergast, 2001",
          "ref": "Prendergast J, Austin MP. Early childhood nurse-delivered cognitive behavioural counselling for post-natal depression. Australasian Psychiatry. 2001;9(3):255-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Psaros, 2022",
          "ref": "Psaros, C., Stanton, A. M., Raggio, G. A., Mosery, N., Goodman, G. R., Briggs, E. S., . . . Safren, S. A. (2022). Optimizing PMTCT Adherence by Treating Depression in Perinatal Women with HIV in South Africa: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of behavioral medicine. doi:10.1007/s12529-022-10071-z"
        },
        {
          "study": "Puckering, 2010",
          "ref": "Puckering C, McIntosh E, Hickey A, Longford J. Mellow Babies: A group intervention for infants and mothers experiencing postnatal depression. Counselling Psychology Review. 2010;25(1):28-38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pugh, 2016",
          "ref": "Pugh, N. E., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Dirkse, D. (2016). A Randomised Controlled Trial of Therapist-Assisted, Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Women with Maternal Depression. PLoS ONE, 11(3), e0149186."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Seo, 2022",
          "ref": "Seo, J. M., Kim, S. J., Na, H., Kim, J. H., & Lee, H. (2022). Effectiveness of a Mobile Application for Postpartum Depression Self-Management: Evidence from a Randomised Controlled Trial in South Korea. Healthcare (Basel), 10(11). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/healthcare10112185"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2021",
          "ref": "Sun, Y., et al. (2021). \"Effectiveness of Smartphone-Based Mindfulness Training on Maternal Perinatal Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(1): e23410."
        },
        {
          "study": "Trevillion, 2020",
          "ref": "Trevillion K, Ryan EG, Pickles A, et al. An exploratory parallel-group randomised controlled trial of antenatal Guided Self-Help (plus usual care) versus usual care alone for pregnant women with depression: DAWN trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020;261:187-197."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Horne, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Horne, B. S., Nong, Y. H., Cain, C. M., Sampson, M., Greeley, C. S., & Puryear, L. (2022). A promising new model of care for postpartum depression: A randomised controlled trial of a brief home visitation program conducted in Houston, Texas, USA. Health Soc Care Community, 30(5), e2203-e2213. doi:10.1111/hsc.13658"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2021",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Brown, J. S. L., Ferro, M. A., Streiner, D. L., . . . Hanna, S. (2021). Effect of Online 1-Day Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops Plus Usual Care vs Usual Care Alone for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(11), 1200-1207. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2488"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Haber, E., Feller, A., Biscaro, A., . . . Ferro, M. A. (2022). Public Health Nurse-delivered Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Can J Psychiatry, 67(6), 432-440. doi:10.1177/07067437221074426"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2023",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout RJ, Layton H, Savoy CD, Xie F, Brown JSL, Huh K, et al. In-person 1-day cognitive behavioral therapy-based workshops for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2023;53(14):6888-98."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vigod, 2021",
          "ref": "Vigod, S. N., Slyfield Cook, G., Macdonald, K., Hussain-Shamsy, N., Brown, H. K., de Oliveira, C., . . . Dennis, C.-L. (2021). Mother matters: Pilot randomized wait‐list controlled trial of an online therapist‐facilitated discussion board and support group for postpartum depression symptoms. Depress Anxiety, 38(8), 816-825. doi:10.1002/da.23163"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2019",
          "ref": "Zhao, Y., Munro-Kramer, M. L., Shi, S., Wang, J., & Zhao, Q. (2019). Effects of antenatal depression screening and intervention among Chinese high-risk pregnant women with medically defined complications: A randomized controlled trial. Early intervention in psychiatry, 13(5), 1090-1098. doi:10.1111/eip.12731"
        }
      ]
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        {
          "study": "Bengtson, 2023",
          "ref": "Bengtson AM, Filipowicz TR, Mphonda S, Udedi M, Kulisewa K, Meltzer-Brody S, et al. An Intervention to Improve Mental Health and HIV Care Engagement Among Perinatal Women in Malawi: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. AIDS and behavior. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gureje, 2022",
          "ref": "Gureje, O., Oladeji, B. D., Kola, L., Bello, T., Ayinde, O., Faregh, N., . . . Zelkowitz, P. (2022). Effect of intervention delivered by frontline maternal care providers to improve outcome and parenting skills among adolescents with perinatal depression in Nigeria (the RAPiD study): A cluster randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord, 312, 169-176. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.032"
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        {
          "study": "Husain, 2017",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Zulqernain, F., Carter, L.-A., Chaudhry, I., Fatima, B., Kiran, T., . . . Rahman, A. (2017). Treatment of maternal depression in urban slums of Karachi, Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an integrated maternal psychological and early child development intervention. Asian journal of psychiatry, 29, 63-70."
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        },
        {
          "study": "Mulcahy, 2010",
          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prabhu, 2025",
          "ref": "Prabhu S, George LS, Guruvare S, Noronha JA, Jose TT, Nayak BS, et al. Effectiveness of psychosocial education program on postnatal depression, stress, and perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy among pregnant women in South India. Patient Education and Counseling. 2025;130."
        },
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          "ref": "Prendergast J, Austin MP. Early childhood nurse-delivered cognitive behavioural counselling for post-natal depression. Australasian Psychiatry. 2001;9(3):255-9."
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        {
          "study": "Abujilban, 2024",
          "ref": "Abujilban, S., Al-Omari, H., Issa, E., Alhamdan, A., Al-Nabulsi, L., Mrayan, L., . . . Kernohan, W. G. (2024). Effectiveness of Telephone-Based Interpersonal Psychotherapy on Antenatal Depressive Symptoms: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial in The Kingdom of Jordan. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 30(3), 635-645. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/10783903231171595"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alhusen, 2021",
          "ref": "Alhusen, J. L., Hayat, M. J., & Borg, L. (2021, Feb). A pilot study of a group-based perinatal depression intervention on reducing depressive symptoms and improving maternal-fetal attachment and maternal sensitivity. Arch Womens Ment Health, 24(1), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-020-01032-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Amani, 2021",
          "ref": "Amani, B., Merza, D., Savoy, C., Streiner, D., Bieling, P., Ferro, M. A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2021, Nov 9). Peer-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Psychiatry, 83(1). https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.21m13928"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Babiy, 2024",
          "ref": "Babiy, Z., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Xie, F., Brown, J. S. L., Bieling, P. J., . . . Van Lieshout, R. J. (2024). One-Day Peer-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 93(2), 129-140. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000536040"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bengtson, 2023",
          "ref": "Bengtson AM, Filipowicz TR, Mphonda S, Udedi M, Kulisewa K, Meltzer-Brody S, et al. An Intervention to Improve Mental Health and HIV Care Engagement Among Perinatal Women in Malawi: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. AIDS and behavior. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Burns, 2013",
          "ref": "Burns A, O'Mahen H, Baxter H, Bennert K, Wiles N, Ramchandani P, et al. A pilot randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for antenatal depression. BMC psychiatry. 2013;13:33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cooper, 2003",
          "ref": "Cooper PJ, Murray L, Wilson A, Romaniuk H. Controlled trial of the short- and long-term effect of psychological treatment of post-partum depression. I. Impact on maternal mood. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;182(5):412-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dennis, 2020",
          "ref": "Dennis CL, Grigoriadis S, Zupancic J, Kiss A, Ravitz P. Telephone-based nurse-delivered interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression: nationwide randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2020;216(4):189-196."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonseca, 2020",
          "ref": "Fonseca A, Alves S, Monteiro F, Gorayeb R, Canavarro MC. Be a Mom, a Web-Based Intervention to Prevent Postpartum Depression: Results From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behav Ther. 2020;51(4):616-633."
        },
        {
          "study": "Forsell, 2017",
          "ref": "Forsell E, Bendix M, Holländare F, et al. Internet delivered cognitive behavior therapy for antenatal depression: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders 2017; 221: 56-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Goodman, 2015",
          "ref": "Goodman JH, Prager J, Goldstein R, Freeman M. Perinatal Dyadic Psychotherapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2015;18(3):493-506."
        },
        {
          "study": "Grote, 2009",
          "ref": "Grote NK, Swartz HA, Geibel SL, Zuckoff A, Houck PR, Frank E. A randomized controlled trial of culturally relevant, brief interpersonal psychotherapy for perinatal depression. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(3):313-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gureje, 2022",
          "ref": "Gureje, O., Oladeji, B. D., Kola, L., Bello, T., Ayinde, O., Faregh, N., . . . Zelkowitz, P. (2022). Effect of intervention delivered by frontline maternal care providers to improve outcome and parenting skills among adolescents with perinatal depression in Nigeria (the RAPiD study): A cluster randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord, 312, 169-176. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.032"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hamilton, 2020",
          "ref": "Hamilton J, Saxon D, Best E, Glover V, Walters SJ, Kerr IB. A randomised, controlled pilot study of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) for stressed pregnant women with underlying anxiety and depression in a routine health service setting. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy. 2020."
        },
        {
          "study": "Honey, 2002",
          "ref": "Honey KL, Bennett P, Morgan M. A brief psycho‐educational group intervention for postnatal depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2002;41(4):405-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hou, 2014",
          "ref": "Hou Y, Hu P, Zhang Y, Lu Q, Wang D, Yin L, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy in combination with systemic family therapy improves mild to moderate postpartum depression. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. 2014;36(1):47-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huh, 2023",
          "ref": "Huh, K., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Ferro, M. A., Bieling, P. J., Hicks, A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2023). Online Public Health Nurse-Delivered Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Psychiatry, 84(5)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hulsbosch, 2023",
          "ref": "Hulsbosch, L. P., Potharst, E. S., Schwabe, I., Boekhorst, M. G. B. M., Pop, V. J. M., & Nyklíček, I. (2023). Online mindfulness-based intervention for women with pregnancy distress: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 332, 262-272. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.009"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2017",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Zulqernain, F., Carter, L.-A., Chaudhry, I., Fatima, B., Kiran, T., . . . Rahman, A. (2017). Treatment of maternal depression in urban slums of Karachi, Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an integrated maternal psychological and early child development intervention. Asian journal of psychiatry, 29, 63-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021a",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Fatima, B., Chaudhry, I. B., Husain, M., Shah, S., Bassett, P., Cohen, N., Jafri, F., Naeem, S., Zadeh, Z., Roberts, C., Rahman, A., Naeem, F., Husain, M. I., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). An integrated parenting intervention for maternal depression and child development in a low-resource setting: Cluster randomized controlled trial [Article]. Depress Anxiety, 38(9), 925-939. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23169"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021b",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Shah, S., Rahman, A., Raza Ur, R., Saeed, Q., Naeem, S., Bassett, P., Husain, M., Haq, S. U., Jaffery, F., Cohen, N., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). Efficacy of learning through play plus intervention to reduce maternal depression in women with malnourished children: A randomized controlled trial from Pakistan(✰). J Affect Disord, 278, 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2023",
          "ref": "Husain N, Lunat F, Lovell K, Sharma D, Zaidi N, Bokhari A, et al. Exploratory RCT of a group psychological intervention for postnatal depression in British mothers of South Asian origin - ROSHNI-D. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2023;238:103974."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jesse, 2015",
          "ref": "Jesse DE, Gaynes BN, Feldhousen EB, Newton ER, Bunch S, Hollon SD. Performance of a culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention integrated in a public health setting to reduce risk of antepartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2015;60(5):578-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2014",
          "ref": "Jiang L, Wang ZZ, Qiu LR, Wan GB, Lin Y, Wei Z. Psychological intervention for postpartum depression. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology: Medical sciences. 2014;34(3):437-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lenze, 2017",
          "ref": "Lenze, S., & Potts, M. (2017). Brief Interpersonal Psychotherapy for depression during pregnancy in a low-income population: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 210, 151-157."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2013",
          "ref": "Leung SS, Lee AM, Chiang VC, Lam SK, Kuen YW, Wong DF. Culturally sensitive, preventive antenatal group cognitive-behavioural therapy for Chinese women with depression. Internationan Journal of Nursing Practice. 2013;19(Supp 1):28-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2016",
          "ref": "Leung S, Lee A, Wong D, Wong C, Leung K, Chiang V, et al. A brief group intervention using a cognitive-behavioural approach to reduce postnatal depressive symptoms: A randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Medical Journal. 2016;22(1 Supplement 2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Liu, 2021",
          "ref": "Liu, H., & Yang, Y. (2021). Effects of a psychological nursing intervention on prevention of anxiety and depression in the postpartum period: a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Annals of General Psychiatry, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00320-4"
        },
        {
          "study": "Merza, 2023",
          "ref": "Merza D, Amani B, Savoy C, Babiy Z, Bieling PJ, Streiner DL, et al. Online peer‐delivered group cognitive‐behavioral therapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mulcahy, 2010",
          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ngai, 2015",
          "ref": "Ngai FW, Wong P-C, Leung KY, Chau PH, Chung KF. The effect of telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on postnatal depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(5):294-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Mahen, 2013",
          "ref": "O'Mahen HA, Woodford J, McGinley J, Warren FC, Richards DA, Lynch TR, et al. Internet-based behavioral activation--treatment for postnatal depression (Netmums): A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;150(3):814-22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prabhu, 2025",
          "ref": "Prabhu S, George LS, Guruvare S, Noronha JA, Jose TT, Nayak BS, et al. Effectiveness of psychosocial education program on postnatal depression, stress, and perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy among pregnant women in South India. Patient Education and Counseling. 2025;130."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prendergast, 2001",
          "ref": "Prendergast J, Austin MP. Early childhood nurse-delivered cognitive behavioural counselling for post-natal depression. Australasian Psychiatry. 2001;9(3):255-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Psaros, 2022",
          "ref": "Psaros, C., Stanton, A. M., Raggio, G. A., Mosery, N., Goodman, G. R., Briggs, E. S., . . . Safren, S. A. (2022). Optimizing PMTCT Adherence by Treating Depression in Perinatal Women with HIV in South Africa: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of behavioral medicine. doi:10.1007/s12529-022-10071-z"
        },
        {
          "study": "Puckering, 2010",
          "ref": "Puckering C, McIntosh E, Hickey A, Longford J. Mellow Babies: A group intervention for infants and mothers experiencing postnatal depression. Counselling Psychology Review. 2010;25(1):28-38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pugh, 2016",
          "ref": "Pugh, N. E., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Dirkse, D. (2016). A Randomised Controlled Trial of Therapist-Assisted, Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Women with Maternal Depression. PLoS ONE, 11(3), e0149186."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Seo, 2022",
          "ref": "Seo, J. M., Kim, S. J., Na, H., Kim, J. H., & Lee, H. (2022). Effectiveness of a Mobile Application for Postpartum Depression Self-Management: Evidence from a Randomised Controlled Trial in South Korea. Healthcare (Basel), 10(11). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/healthcare10112185"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2021",
          "ref": "Sun, Y., et al. (2021). \"Effectiveness of Smartphone-Based Mindfulness Training on Maternal Perinatal Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(1): e23410."
        },
        {
          "study": "Trevillion, 2020",
          "ref": "Trevillion K, Ryan EG, Pickles A, et al. An exploratory parallel-group randomised controlled trial of antenatal Guided Self-Help (plus usual care) versus usual care alone for pregnant women with depression: DAWN trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020;261:187-197."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Horne, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Horne, B. S., Nong, Y. H., Cain, C. M., Sampson, M., Greeley, C. S., & Puryear, L. (2022). A promising new model of care for postpartum depression: A randomised controlled trial of a brief home visitation program conducted in Houston, Texas, USA. Health Soc Care Community, 30(5), e2203-e2213. doi:10.1111/hsc.13658"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2021",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Brown, J. S. L., Ferro, M. A., Streiner, D. L., . . . Hanna, S. (2021). Effect of Online 1-Day Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops Plus Usual Care vs Usual Care Alone for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(11), 1200-1207. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2488"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Haber, E., Feller, A., Biscaro, A., . . . Ferro, M. A. (2022). Public Health Nurse-delivered Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Can J Psychiatry, 67(6), 432-440. doi:10.1177/07067437221074426"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2023",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout RJ, Layton H, Savoy CD, Xie F, Brown JSL, Huh K, et al. In-person 1-day cognitive behavioral therapy-based workshops for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2023;53(14):6888-98."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vigod, 2021",
          "ref": "Vigod, S. N., Slyfield Cook, G., Macdonald, K., Hussain-Shamsy, N., Brown, H. K., de Oliveira, C., . . . Dennis, C.-L. (2021). Mother matters: Pilot randomized wait‐list controlled trial of an online therapist‐facilitated discussion board and support group for postpartum depression symptoms. Depress Anxiety, 38(8), 816-825. doi:10.1002/da.23163"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2019",
          "ref": "Zhao, Y., Munro-Kramer, M. L., Shi, S., Wang, J., & Zhao, Q. (2019). Effects of antenatal depression screening and intervention among Chinese high-risk pregnant women with medically defined complications: A randomized controlled trial. Early intervention in psychiatry, 13(5), 1090-1098. doi:10.1111/eip.12731"
        }
      ]
    },
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          "study": "Alhusen, 2021",
          "ref": "Alhusen, J. L., Hayat, M. J., & Borg, L. (2021, Feb). A pilot study of a group-based perinatal depression intervention on reducing depressive symptoms and improving maternal-fetal attachment and maternal sensitivity. Arch Womens Ment Health, 24(1), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-020-01032-0"
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        {
          "study": "Amani, 2021",
          "ref": "Amani, B., Merza, D., Savoy, C., Streiner, D., Bieling, P., Ferro, M. A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2021, Nov 9). Peer-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Psychiatry, 83(1). https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.21m13928"
        },
        {
          "study": "Honey, 2002",
          "ref": "Honey KL, Bennett P, Morgan M. A brief psycho‐educational group intervention for postnatal depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2002;41(4):405-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huh, 2023",
          "ref": "Huh, K., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Ferro, M. A., Bieling, P. J., Hicks, A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2023). Online Public Health Nurse-Delivered Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Psychiatry, 84(5)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2017",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Zulqernain, F., Carter, L.-A., Chaudhry, I., Fatima, B., Kiran, T., . . . Rahman, A. (2017). Treatment of maternal depression in urban slums of Karachi, Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an integrated maternal psychological and early child development intervention. Asian journal of psychiatry, 29, 63-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021a",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Fatima, B., Chaudhry, I. B., Husain, M., Shah, S., Bassett, P., Cohen, N., Jafri, F., Naeem, S., Zadeh, Z., Roberts, C., Rahman, A., Naeem, F., Husain, M. I., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). An integrated parenting intervention for maternal depression and child development in a low-resource setting: Cluster randomized controlled trial [Article]. Depress Anxiety, 38(9), 925-939. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23169"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021b",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Shah, S., Rahman, A., Raza Ur, R., Saeed, Q., Naeem, S., Bassett, P., Husain, M., Haq, S. U., Jaffery, F., Cohen, N., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). Efficacy of learning through play plus intervention to reduce maternal depression in women with malnourished children: A randomized controlled trial from Pakistan(✰). J Affect Disord, 278, 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2023",
          "ref": "Husain N, Lunat F, Lovell K, Sharma D, Zaidi N, Bokhari A, et al. Exploratory RCT of a group psychological intervention for postnatal depression in British mothers of South Asian origin - ROSHNI-D. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2023;238:103974."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jesse, 2015",
          "ref": "Jesse DE, Gaynes BN, Feldhousen EB, Newton ER, Bunch S, Hollon SD. Performance of a culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention integrated in a public health setting to reduce risk of antepartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2015;60(5):578-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2013",
          "ref": "Leung SS, Lee AM, Chiang VC, Lam SK, Kuen YW, Wong DF. Culturally sensitive, preventive antenatal group cognitive-behavioural therapy for Chinese women with depression. Internationan Journal of Nursing Practice. 2013;19(Supp 1):28-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2016",
          "ref": "Leung S, Lee A, Wong D, Wong C, Leung K, Chiang V, et al. A brief group intervention using a cognitive-behavioural approach to reduce postnatal depressive symptoms: A randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Medical Journal. 2016;22(1 Supplement 2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Merza, 2023",
          "ref": "Merza D, Amani B, Savoy C, Babiy Z, Bieling PJ, Streiner DL, et al. Online peer‐delivered group cognitive‐behavioral therapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Puckering, 2010",
          "ref": "Puckering C, McIntosh E, Hickey A, Longford J. Mellow Babies: A group intervention for infants and mothers experiencing postnatal depression. Counselling Psychology Review. 2010;25(1):28-38."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Haber, E., Feller, A., Biscaro, A., . . . Ferro, M. A. (2022). Public Health Nurse-delivered Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Can J Psychiatry, 67(6), 432-440. doi:10.1177/07067437221074426"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2023",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout RJ, Layton H, Savoy CD, Xie F, Brown JSL, Huh K, et al. In-person 1-day cognitive behavioral therapy-based workshops for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2023;53(14):6888-98."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vigod, 2021",
          "ref": "Vigod, S. N., Slyfield Cook, G., Macdonald, K., Hussain-Shamsy, N., Brown, H. K., de Oliveira, C., . . . Dennis, C.-L. (2021). Mother matters: Pilot randomized wait‐list controlled trial of an online therapist‐facilitated discussion board and support group for postpartum depression symptoms. Depress Anxiety, 38(8), 816-825. doi:10.1002/da.23163"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2019",
          "ref": "Zhao, Y., Munro-Kramer, M. L., Shi, S., Wang, J., & Zhao, Q. (2019). Effects of antenatal depression screening and intervention among Chinese high-risk pregnant women with medically defined complications: A randomized controlled trial. Early intervention in psychiatry, 13(5), 1090-1098. doi:10.1111/eip.12731"
        }
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        {
          "study": "Abujilban, 2024",
          "ref": "Abujilban, S., Al-Omari, H., Issa, E., Alhamdan, A., Al-Nabulsi, L., Mrayan, L., . . . Kernohan, W. G. (2024). Effectiveness of Telephone-Based Interpersonal Psychotherapy on Antenatal Depressive Symptoms: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial in The Kingdom of Jordan. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 30(3), 635-645. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/10783903231171595"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alhusen, 2021",
          "ref": "Alhusen, J. L., Hayat, M. J., & Borg, L. (2021, Feb). A pilot study of a group-based perinatal depression intervention on reducing depressive symptoms and improving maternal-fetal attachment and maternal sensitivity. Arch Womens Ment Health, 24(1), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-020-01032-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Amani, 2021",
          "ref": "Amani, B., Merza, D., Savoy, C., Streiner, D., Bieling, P., Ferro, M. A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2021, Nov 9). Peer-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Psychiatry, 83(1). https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.21m13928"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Babiy, 2024",
          "ref": "Babiy, Z., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Xie, F., Brown, J. S. L., Bieling, P. J., . . . Van Lieshout, R. J. (2024). One-Day Peer-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 93(2), 129-140. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000536040"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bengtson, 2023",
          "ref": "Bengtson AM, Filipowicz TR, Mphonda S, Udedi M, Kulisewa K, Meltzer-Brody S, et al. An Intervention to Improve Mental Health and HIV Care Engagement Among Perinatal Women in Malawi: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. AIDS and behavior. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Burns, 2013",
          "ref": "Burns A, O'Mahen H, Baxter H, Bennert K, Wiles N, Ramchandani P, et al. A pilot randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for antenatal depression. BMC psychiatry. 2013;13:33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cooper, 2003",
          "ref": "Cooper PJ, Murray L, Wilson A, Romaniuk H. Controlled trial of the short- and long-term effect of psychological treatment of post-partum depression. I. Impact on maternal mood. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;182(5):412-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dennis, 2020",
          "ref": "Dennis CL, Grigoriadis S, Zupancic J, Kiss A, Ravitz P. Telephone-based nurse-delivered interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression: nationwide randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2020;216(4):189-196."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonseca, 2020",
          "ref": "Fonseca A, Alves S, Monteiro F, Gorayeb R, Canavarro MC. Be a Mom, a Web-Based Intervention to Prevent Postpartum Depression: Results From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behav Ther. 2020;51(4):616-633."
        },
        {
          "study": "Forsell, 2017",
          "ref": "Forsell E, Bendix M, Holländare F, et al. Internet delivered cognitive behavior therapy for antenatal depression: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders 2017; 221: 56-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Goodman, 2015",
          "ref": "Goodman JH, Prager J, Goldstein R, Freeman M. Perinatal Dyadic Psychotherapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2015;18(3):493-506."
        },
        {
          "study": "Grote, 2009",
          "ref": "Grote NK, Swartz HA, Geibel SL, Zuckoff A, Houck PR, Frank E. A randomized controlled trial of culturally relevant, brief interpersonal psychotherapy for perinatal depression. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(3):313-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gureje, 2022",
          "ref": "Gureje, O., Oladeji, B. D., Kola, L., Bello, T., Ayinde, O., Faregh, N., . . . Zelkowitz, P. (2022). Effect of intervention delivered by frontline maternal care providers to improve outcome and parenting skills among adolescents with perinatal depression in Nigeria (the RAPiD study): A cluster randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord, 312, 169-176. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.032"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hamilton, 2020",
          "ref": "Hamilton J, Saxon D, Best E, Glover V, Walters SJ, Kerr IB. A randomised, controlled pilot study of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) for stressed pregnant women with underlying anxiety and depression in a routine health service setting. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy. 2020."
        },
        {
          "study": "Honey, 2002",
          "ref": "Honey KL, Bennett P, Morgan M. A brief psycho‐educational group intervention for postnatal depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2002;41(4):405-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hou, 2014",
          "ref": "Hou Y, Hu P, Zhang Y, Lu Q, Wang D, Yin L, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy in combination with systemic family therapy improves mild to moderate postpartum depression. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. 2014;36(1):47-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huh, 2023",
          "ref": "Huh, K., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Ferro, M. A., Bieling, P. J., Hicks, A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2023). Online Public Health Nurse-Delivered Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Psychiatry, 84(5)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hulsbosch, 2023",
          "ref": "Hulsbosch, L. P., Potharst, E. S., Schwabe, I., Boekhorst, M. G. B. M., Pop, V. J. M., & Nyklíček, I. (2023). Online mindfulness-based intervention for women with pregnancy distress: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 332, 262-272. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.009"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2017",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Zulqernain, F., Carter, L.-A., Chaudhry, I., Fatima, B., Kiran, T., . . . Rahman, A. (2017). Treatment of maternal depression in urban slums of Karachi, Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an integrated maternal psychological and early child development intervention. Asian journal of psychiatry, 29, 63-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021a",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Fatima, B., Chaudhry, I. B., Husain, M., Shah, S., Bassett, P., Cohen, N., Jafri, F., Naeem, S., Zadeh, Z., Roberts, C., Rahman, A., Naeem, F., Husain, M. I., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). An integrated parenting intervention for maternal depression and child development in a low-resource setting: Cluster randomized controlled trial [Article]. Depress Anxiety, 38(9), 925-939. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23169"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021b",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Shah, S., Rahman, A., Raza Ur, R., Saeed, Q., Naeem, S., Bassett, P., Husain, M., Haq, S. U., Jaffery, F., Cohen, N., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). Efficacy of learning through play plus intervention to reduce maternal depression in women with malnourished children: A randomized controlled trial from Pakistan(✰). J Affect Disord, 278, 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2023",
          "ref": "Husain N, Lunat F, Lovell K, Sharma D, Zaidi N, Bokhari A, et al. Exploratory RCT of a group psychological intervention for postnatal depression in British mothers of South Asian origin - ROSHNI-D. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2023;238:103974."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jesse, 2015",
          "ref": "Jesse DE, Gaynes BN, Feldhousen EB, Newton ER, Bunch S, Hollon SD. Performance of a culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention integrated in a public health setting to reduce risk of antepartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2015;60(5):578-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2014",
          "ref": "Jiang L, Wang ZZ, Qiu LR, Wan GB, Lin Y, Wei Z. Psychological intervention for postpartum depression. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology: Medical sciences. 2014;34(3):437-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lenze, 2017",
          "ref": "Lenze, S., & Potts, M. (2017). Brief Interpersonal Psychotherapy for depression during pregnancy in a low-income population: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 210, 151-157."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2013",
          "ref": "Leung SS, Lee AM, Chiang VC, Lam SK, Kuen YW, Wong DF. Culturally sensitive, preventive antenatal group cognitive-behavioural therapy for Chinese women with depression. Internationan Journal of Nursing Practice. 2013;19(Supp 1):28-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2016",
          "ref": "Leung S, Lee A, Wong D, Wong C, Leung K, Chiang V, et al. A brief group intervention using a cognitive-behavioural approach to reduce postnatal depressive symptoms: A randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Medical Journal. 2016;22(1 Supplement 2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Liu, 2021",
          "ref": "Liu, H., & Yang, Y. (2021). Effects of a psychological nursing intervention on prevention of anxiety and depression in the postpartum period: a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Annals of General Psychiatry, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00320-4"
        },
        {
          "study": "Merza, 2023",
          "ref": "Merza D, Amani B, Savoy C, Babiy Z, Bieling PJ, Streiner DL, et al. Online peer‐delivered group cognitive‐behavioral therapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mulcahy, 2010",
          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ngai, 2015",
          "ref": "Ngai FW, Wong P-C, Leung KY, Chau PH, Chung KF. The effect of telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on postnatal depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(5):294-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Mahen, 2013",
          "ref": "O'Mahen HA, Woodford J, McGinley J, Warren FC, Richards DA, Lynch TR, et al. Internet-based behavioral activation--treatment for postnatal depression (Netmums): A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;150(3):814-22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prabhu, 2025",
          "ref": "Prabhu S, George LS, Guruvare S, Noronha JA, Jose TT, Nayak BS, et al. Effectiveness of psychosocial education program on postnatal depression, stress, and perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy among pregnant women in South India. Patient Education and Counseling. 2025;130."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prendergast, 2001",
          "ref": "Prendergast J, Austin MP. Early childhood nurse-delivered cognitive behavioural counselling for post-natal depression. Australasian Psychiatry. 2001;9(3):255-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Psaros, 2022",
          "ref": "Psaros, C., Stanton, A. M., Raggio, G. A., Mosery, N., Goodman, G. R., Briggs, E. S., . . . Safren, S. A. (2022). Optimizing PMTCT Adherence by Treating Depression in Perinatal Women with HIV in South Africa: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of behavioral medicine. doi:10.1007/s12529-022-10071-z"
        },
        {
          "study": "Puckering, 2010",
          "ref": "Puckering C, McIntosh E, Hickey A, Longford J. Mellow Babies: A group intervention for infants and mothers experiencing postnatal depression. Counselling Psychology Review. 2010;25(1):28-38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pugh, 2016",
          "ref": "Pugh, N. E., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Dirkse, D. (2016). A Randomised Controlled Trial of Therapist-Assisted, Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Women with Maternal Depression. PLoS ONE, 11(3), e0149186."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Seo, 2022",
          "ref": "Seo, J. M., Kim, S. J., Na, H., Kim, J. H., & Lee, H. (2022). Effectiveness of a Mobile Application for Postpartum Depression Self-Management: Evidence from a Randomised Controlled Trial in South Korea. Healthcare (Basel), 10(11). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/healthcare10112185"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2021",
          "ref": "Sun, Y., et al. (2021). \"Effectiveness of Smartphone-Based Mindfulness Training on Maternal Perinatal Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(1): e23410."
        },
        {
          "study": "Trevillion, 2020",
          "ref": "Trevillion K, Ryan EG, Pickles A, et al. An exploratory parallel-group randomised controlled trial of antenatal Guided Self-Help (plus usual care) versus usual care alone for pregnant women with depression: DAWN trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020;261:187-197."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Horne, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Horne, B. S., Nong, Y. H., Cain, C. M., Sampson, M., Greeley, C. S., & Puryear, L. (2022). A promising new model of care for postpartum depression: A randomised controlled trial of a brief home visitation program conducted in Houston, Texas, USA. Health Soc Care Community, 30(5), e2203-e2213. doi:10.1111/hsc.13658"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2021",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Brown, J. S. L., Ferro, M. A., Streiner, D. L., . . . Hanna, S. (2021). Effect of Online 1-Day Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops Plus Usual Care vs Usual Care Alone for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(11), 1200-1207. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2488"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Haber, E., Feller, A., Biscaro, A., . . . Ferro, M. A. (2022). Public Health Nurse-delivered Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Can J Psychiatry, 67(6), 432-440. doi:10.1177/07067437221074426"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2023",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout RJ, Layton H, Savoy CD, Xie F, Brown JSL, Huh K, et al. In-person 1-day cognitive behavioral therapy-based workshops for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2023;53(14):6888-98."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vigod, 2021",
          "ref": "Vigod, S. N., Slyfield Cook, G., Macdonald, K., Hussain-Shamsy, N., Brown, H. K., de Oliveira, C., . . . Dennis, C.-L. (2021). Mother matters: Pilot randomized wait‐list controlled trial of an online therapist‐facilitated discussion board and support group for postpartum depression symptoms. Depress Anxiety, 38(8), 816-825. doi:10.1002/da.23163"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2019",
          "ref": "Zhao, Y., Munro-Kramer, M. L., Shi, S., Wang, J., & Zhao, Q. (2019). Effects of antenatal depression screening and intervention among Chinese high-risk pregnant women with medically defined complications: A randomized controlled trial. Early intervention in psychiatry, 13(5), 1090-1098. doi:10.1111/eip.12731"
        }
      ]
    },
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Fonseca, 2020",
          "ref": "Fonseca A, Alves S, Monteiro F, Gorayeb R, Canavarro MC. Be a Mom, a Web-Based Intervention to Prevent Postpartum Depression: Results From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behav Ther. 2020;51(4):616-633."
        },
        {
          "study": "Forsell, 2017",
          "ref": "Forsell E, Bendix M, Holländare F, et al. Internet delivered cognitive behavior therapy for antenatal depression: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders 2017; 221: 56-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Mahen, 2013",
          "ref": "O'Mahen HA, Woodford J, McGinley J, Warren FC, Richards DA, Lynch TR, et al. Internet-based behavioral activation--treatment for postnatal depression (Netmums): A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;150(3):814-22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pugh, 2016",
          "ref": "Pugh, N. E., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Dirkse, D. (2016). A Randomised Controlled Trial of Therapist-Assisted, Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Women with Maternal Depression. PLoS ONE, 11(3), e0149186."
        },
        {
          "study": "Seo, 2022",
          "ref": "Seo, J. M., Kim, S. J., Na, H., Kim, J. H., & Lee, H. (2022). Effectiveness of a Mobile Application for Postpartum Depression Self-Management: Evidence from a Randomised Controlled Trial in South Korea. Healthcare (Basel), 10(11). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/healthcare10112185"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2021",
          "ref": "Sun, Y., et al. (2021). \"Effectiveness of Smartphone-Based Mindfulness Training on Maternal Perinatal Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(1): e23410."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abujilban, 2024",
          "ref": "Abujilban, S., Al-Omari, H., Issa, E., Alhamdan, A., Al-Nabulsi, L., Mrayan, L., . . . Kernohan, W. G. (2024). Effectiveness of Telephone-Based Interpersonal Psychotherapy on Antenatal Depressive Symptoms: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial in The Kingdom of Jordan. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 30(3), 635-645. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/10783903231171595"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alhusen, 2021",
          "ref": "Alhusen, J. L., Hayat, M. J., & Borg, L. (2021, Feb). A pilot study of a group-based perinatal depression intervention on reducing depressive symptoms and improving maternal-fetal attachment and maternal sensitivity. Arch Womens Ment Health, 24(1), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-020-01032-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Amani, 2021",
          "ref": "Amani, B., Merza, D., Savoy, C., Streiner, D., Bieling, P., Ferro, M. A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2021, Nov 9). Peer-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Psychiatry, 83(1). https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.21m13928"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Babiy, 2024",
          "ref": "Babiy, Z., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Xie, F., Brown, J. S. L., Bieling, P. J., . . . Van Lieshout, R. J. (2024). One-Day Peer-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 93(2), 129-140. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000536040"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bengtson, 2023",
          "ref": "Bengtson AM, Filipowicz TR, Mphonda S, Udedi M, Kulisewa K, Meltzer-Brody S, et al. An Intervention to Improve Mental Health and HIV Care Engagement Among Perinatal Women in Malawi: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. AIDS and behavior. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Burns, 2013",
          "ref": "Burns A, O'Mahen H, Baxter H, Bennert K, Wiles N, Ramchandani P, et al. A pilot randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for antenatal depression. BMC psychiatry. 2013;13:33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cooper, 2003",
          "ref": "Cooper PJ, Murray L, Wilson A, Romaniuk H. Controlled trial of the short- and long-term effect of psychological treatment of post-partum depression. I. Impact on maternal mood. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;182(5):412-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dennis, 2020",
          "ref": "Dennis CL, Grigoriadis S, Zupancic J, Kiss A, Ravitz P. Telephone-based nurse-delivered interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression: nationwide randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2020;216(4):189-196."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonseca, 2020",
          "ref": "Fonseca A, Alves S, Monteiro F, Gorayeb R, Canavarro MC. Be a Mom, a Web-Based Intervention to Prevent Postpartum Depression: Results From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behav Ther. 2020;51(4):616-633."
        },
        {
          "study": "Forsell, 2017",
          "ref": "Forsell E, Bendix M, Holländare F, et al. Internet delivered cognitive behavior therapy for antenatal depression: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders 2017; 221: 56-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Goodman, 2015",
          "ref": "Goodman JH, Prager J, Goldstein R, Freeman M. Perinatal Dyadic Psychotherapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2015;18(3):493-506."
        },
        {
          "study": "Grote, 2009",
          "ref": "Grote NK, Swartz HA, Geibel SL, Zuckoff A, Houck PR, Frank E. A randomized controlled trial of culturally relevant, brief interpersonal psychotherapy for perinatal depression. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(3):313-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gureje, 2022",
          "ref": "Gureje, O., Oladeji, B. D., Kola, L., Bello, T., Ayinde, O., Faregh, N., . . . Zelkowitz, P. (2022). Effect of intervention delivered by frontline maternal care providers to improve outcome and parenting skills among adolescents with perinatal depression in Nigeria (the RAPiD study): A cluster randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord, 312, 169-176. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.032"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hamilton, 2020",
          "ref": "Hamilton J, Saxon D, Best E, Glover V, Walters SJ, Kerr IB. A randomised, controlled pilot study of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) for stressed pregnant women with underlying anxiety and depression in a routine health service setting. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy. 2020."
        },
        {
          "study": "Honey, 2002",
          "ref": "Honey KL, Bennett P, Morgan M. A brief psycho‐educational group intervention for postnatal depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2002;41(4):405-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hou, 2014",
          "ref": "Hou Y, Hu P, Zhang Y, Lu Q, Wang D, Yin L, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy in combination with systemic family therapy improves mild to moderate postpartum depression. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. 2014;36(1):47-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huh, 2023",
          "ref": "Huh, K., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Ferro, M. A., Bieling, P. J., Hicks, A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2023). Online Public Health Nurse-Delivered Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Psychiatry, 84(5)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hulsbosch, 2023",
          "ref": "Hulsbosch, L. P., Potharst, E. S., Schwabe, I., Boekhorst, M. G. B. M., Pop, V. J. M., & Nyklíček, I. (2023). Online mindfulness-based intervention for women with pregnancy distress: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 332, 262-272. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.009"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2017",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Zulqernain, F., Carter, L.-A., Chaudhry, I., Fatima, B., Kiran, T., . . . Rahman, A. (2017). Treatment of maternal depression in urban slums of Karachi, Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an integrated maternal psychological and early child development intervention. Asian journal of psychiatry, 29, 63-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021a",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Fatima, B., Chaudhry, I. B., Husain, M., Shah, S., Bassett, P., Cohen, N., Jafri, F., Naeem, S., Zadeh, Z., Roberts, C., Rahman, A., Naeem, F., Husain, M. I., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). An integrated parenting intervention for maternal depression and child development in a low-resource setting: Cluster randomized controlled trial [Article]. Depress Anxiety, 38(9), 925-939. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23169"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021b",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Shah, S., Rahman, A., Raza Ur, R., Saeed, Q., Naeem, S., Bassett, P., Husain, M., Haq, S. U., Jaffery, F., Cohen, N., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). Efficacy of learning through play plus intervention to reduce maternal depression in women with malnourished children: A randomized controlled trial from Pakistan(✰). J Affect Disord, 278, 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2023",
          "ref": "Husain N, Lunat F, Lovell K, Sharma D, Zaidi N, Bokhari A, et al. Exploratory RCT of a group psychological intervention for postnatal depression in British mothers of South Asian origin - ROSHNI-D. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2023;238:103974."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jesse, 2015",
          "ref": "Jesse DE, Gaynes BN, Feldhousen EB, Newton ER, Bunch S, Hollon SD. Performance of a culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention integrated in a public health setting to reduce risk of antepartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2015;60(5):578-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2014",
          "ref": "Jiang L, Wang ZZ, Qiu LR, Wan GB, Lin Y, Wei Z. Psychological intervention for postpartum depression. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology: Medical sciences. 2014;34(3):437-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lenze, 2017",
          "ref": "Lenze, S., & Potts, M. (2017). Brief Interpersonal Psychotherapy for depression during pregnancy in a low-income population: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 210, 151-157."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2013",
          "ref": "Leung SS, Lee AM, Chiang VC, Lam SK, Kuen YW, Wong DF. Culturally sensitive, preventive antenatal group cognitive-behavioural therapy for Chinese women with depression. Internationan Journal of Nursing Practice. 2013;19(Supp 1):28-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2016",
          "ref": "Leung S, Lee A, Wong D, Wong C, Leung K, Chiang V, et al. A brief group intervention using a cognitive-behavioural approach to reduce postnatal depressive symptoms: A randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Medical Journal. 2016;22(1 Supplement 2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Liu, 2021",
          "ref": "Liu, H., & Yang, Y. (2021). Effects of a psychological nursing intervention on prevention of anxiety and depression in the postpartum period: a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Annals of General Psychiatry, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00320-4"
        },
        {
          "study": "Merza, 2023",
          "ref": "Merza D, Amani B, Savoy C, Babiy Z, Bieling PJ, Streiner DL, et al. Online peer‐delivered group cognitive‐behavioral therapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mulcahy, 2010",
          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ngai, 2015",
          "ref": "Ngai FW, Wong P-C, Leung KY, Chau PH, Chung KF. The effect of telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on postnatal depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(5):294-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Mahen, 2013",
          "ref": "O'Mahen HA, Woodford J, McGinley J, Warren FC, Richards DA, Lynch TR, et al. Internet-based behavioral activation--treatment for postnatal depression (Netmums): A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;150(3):814-22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prabhu, 2025",
          "ref": "Prabhu S, George LS, Guruvare S, Noronha JA, Jose TT, Nayak BS, et al. Effectiveness of psychosocial education program on postnatal depression, stress, and perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy among pregnant women in South India. Patient Education and Counseling. 2025;130."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prendergast, 2001",
          "ref": "Prendergast J, Austin MP. Early childhood nurse-delivered cognitive behavioural counselling for post-natal depression. Australasian Psychiatry. 2001;9(3):255-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Psaros, 2022",
          "ref": "Psaros, C., Stanton, A. M., Raggio, G. A., Mosery, N., Goodman, G. R., Briggs, E. S., . . . Safren, S. A. (2022). Optimizing PMTCT Adherence by Treating Depression in Perinatal Women with HIV in South Africa: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of behavioral medicine. doi:10.1007/s12529-022-10071-z"
        },
        {
          "study": "Puckering, 2010",
          "ref": "Puckering C, McIntosh E, Hickey A, Longford J. Mellow Babies: A group intervention for infants and mothers experiencing postnatal depression. Counselling Psychology Review. 2010;25(1):28-38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pugh, 2016",
          "ref": "Pugh, N. E., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Dirkse, D. (2016). A Randomised Controlled Trial of Therapist-Assisted, Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Women with Maternal Depression. PLoS ONE, 11(3), e0149186."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Seo, 2022",
          "ref": "Seo, J. M., Kim, S. J., Na, H., Kim, J. H., & Lee, H. (2022). Effectiveness of a Mobile Application for Postpartum Depression Self-Management: Evidence from a Randomised Controlled Trial in South Korea. Healthcare (Basel), 10(11). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/healthcare10112185"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2021",
          "ref": "Sun, Y., et al. (2021). \"Effectiveness of Smartphone-Based Mindfulness Training on Maternal Perinatal Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(1): e23410."
        },
        {
          "study": "Trevillion, 2020",
          "ref": "Trevillion K, Ryan EG, Pickles A, et al. An exploratory parallel-group randomised controlled trial of antenatal Guided Self-Help (plus usual care) versus usual care alone for pregnant women with depression: DAWN trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020;261:187-197."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Horne, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Horne, B. S., Nong, Y. H., Cain, C. M., Sampson, M., Greeley, C. S., & Puryear, L. (2022). A promising new model of care for postpartum depression: A randomised controlled trial of a brief home visitation program conducted in Houston, Texas, USA. Health Soc Care Community, 30(5), e2203-e2213. doi:10.1111/hsc.13658"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2021",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Brown, J. S. L., Ferro, M. A., Streiner, D. L., . . . Hanna, S. (2021). Effect of Online 1-Day Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops Plus Usual Care vs Usual Care Alone for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(11), 1200-1207. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2488"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Haber, E., Feller, A., Biscaro, A., . . . Ferro, M. A. (2022). Public Health Nurse-delivered Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Can J Psychiatry, 67(6), 432-440. doi:10.1177/07067437221074426"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2023",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout RJ, Layton H, Savoy CD, Xie F, Brown JSL, Huh K, et al. In-person 1-day cognitive behavioral therapy-based workshops for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2023;53(14):6888-98."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vigod, 2021",
          "ref": "Vigod, S. N., Slyfield Cook, G., Macdonald, K., Hussain-Shamsy, N., Brown, H. K., de Oliveira, C., . . . Dennis, C.-L. (2021). Mother matters: Pilot randomized wait‐list controlled trial of an online therapist‐facilitated discussion board and support group for postpartum depression symptoms. Depress Anxiety, 38(8), 816-825. doi:10.1002/da.23163"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2019",
          "ref": "Zhao, Y., Munro-Kramer, M. L., Shi, S., Wang, J., & Zhao, Q. (2019). Effects of antenatal depression screening and intervention among Chinese high-risk pregnant women with medically defined complications: A randomized controlled trial. Early intervention in psychiatry, 13(5), 1090-1098. doi:10.1111/eip.12731"
        }
      ]
    },
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abujilban, 2024",
          "ref": "Abujilban, S., Al-Omari, H., Issa, E., Alhamdan, A., Al-Nabulsi, L., Mrayan, L., . . . Kernohan, W. G. (2024). Effectiveness of Telephone-Based Interpersonal Psychotherapy on Antenatal Depressive Symptoms: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial in The Kingdom of Jordan. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 30(3), 635-645. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/10783903231171595"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Babiy, 2024",
          "ref": "Babiy, Z., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Xie, F., Brown, J. S. L., Bieling, P. J., . . . Van Lieshout, R. J. (2024). One-Day Peer-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 93(2), 129-140. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000536040"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bengtson, 2023",
          "ref": "Bengtson AM, Filipowicz TR, Mphonda S, Udedi M, Kulisewa K, Meltzer-Brody S, et al. An Intervention to Improve Mental Health and HIV Care Engagement Among Perinatal Women in Malawi: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. AIDS and behavior. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Burns, 2013",
          "ref": "Burns A, O'Mahen H, Baxter H, Bennert K, Wiles N, Ramchandani P, et al. A pilot randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for antenatal depression. BMC psychiatry. 2013;13:33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cooper, 2003",
          "ref": "Cooper PJ, Murray L, Wilson A, Romaniuk H. Controlled trial of the short- and long-term effect of psychological treatment of post-partum depression. I. Impact on maternal mood. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;182(5):412-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dennis, 2020",
          "ref": "Dennis CL, Grigoriadis S, Zupancic J, Kiss A, Ravitz P. Telephone-based nurse-delivered interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression: nationwide randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2020;216(4):189-196."
        },
        {
          "study": "Goodman, 2015",
          "ref": "Goodman JH, Prager J, Goldstein R, Freeman M. Perinatal Dyadic Psychotherapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2015;18(3):493-506."
        },
        {
          "study": "Grote, 2009",
          "ref": "Grote NK, Swartz HA, Geibel SL, Zuckoff A, Houck PR, Frank E. A randomized controlled trial of culturally relevant, brief interpersonal psychotherapy for perinatal depression. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(3):313-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gureje, 2022",
          "ref": "Gureje, O., Oladeji, B. D., Kola, L., Bello, T., Ayinde, O., Faregh, N., . . . Zelkowitz, P. (2022). Effect of intervention delivered by frontline maternal care providers to improve outcome and parenting skills among adolescents with perinatal depression in Nigeria (the RAPiD study): A cluster randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord, 312, 169-176. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.032"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hamilton, 2020",
          "ref": "Hamilton J, Saxon D, Best E, Glover V, Walters SJ, Kerr IB. A randomised, controlled pilot study of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) for stressed pregnant women with underlying anxiety and depression in a routine health service setting. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy. 2020."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hulsbosch, 2023",
          "ref": "Hulsbosch, L. P., Potharst, E. S., Schwabe, I., Boekhorst, M. G. B. M., Pop, V. J. M., & Nyklíček, I. (2023). Online mindfulness-based intervention for women with pregnancy distress: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 332, 262-272. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.009"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lenze, 2017",
          "ref": "Lenze, S., & Potts, M. (2017). Brief Interpersonal Psychotherapy for depression during pregnancy in a low-income population: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 210, 151-157."
        },
        {
          "study": "Liu, 2021",
          "ref": "Liu, H., & Yang, Y. (2021). Effects of a psychological nursing intervention on prevention of anxiety and depression in the postpartum period: a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Annals of General Psychiatry, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00320-4"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ngai, 2015",
          "ref": "Ngai FW, Wong P-C, Leung KY, Chau PH, Chung KF. The effect of telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on postnatal depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(5):294-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prabhu, 2025",
          "ref": "Prabhu S, George LS, Guruvare S, Noronha JA, Jose TT, Nayak BS, et al. Effectiveness of psychosocial education program on postnatal depression, stress, and perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy among pregnant women in South India. Patient Education and Counseling. 2025;130."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prendergast, 2001",
          "ref": "Prendergast J, Austin MP. Early childhood nurse-delivered cognitive behavioural counselling for post-natal depression. Australasian Psychiatry. 2001;9(3):255-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Psaros, 2022",
          "ref": "Psaros, C., Stanton, A. M., Raggio, G. A., Mosery, N., Goodman, G. R., Briggs, E. S., . . . Safren, S. A. (2022). Optimizing PMTCT Adherence by Treating Depression in Perinatal Women with HIV in South Africa: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of behavioral medicine. doi:10.1007/s12529-022-10071-z"
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Horne, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Horne, B. S., Nong, Y. H., Cain, C. M., Sampson, M., Greeley, C. S., & Puryear, L. (2022). A promising new model of care for postpartum depression: A randomised controlled trial of a brief home visitation program conducted in Houston, Texas, USA. Health Soc Care Community, 30(5), e2203-e2213. doi:10.1111/hsc.13658"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abujilban, 2024",
          "ref": "Abujilban, S., Al-Omari, H., Issa, E., Alhamdan, A., Al-Nabulsi, L., Mrayan, L., . . . Kernohan, W. G. (2024). Effectiveness of Telephone-Based Interpersonal Psychotherapy on Antenatal Depressive Symptoms: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial in The Kingdom of Jordan. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 30(3), 635-645. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/10783903231171595"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alhusen, 2021",
          "ref": "Alhusen, J. L., Hayat, M. J., & Borg, L. (2021, Feb). A pilot study of a group-based perinatal depression intervention on reducing depressive symptoms and improving maternal-fetal attachment and maternal sensitivity. Arch Womens Ment Health, 24(1), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-020-01032-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Amani, 2021",
          "ref": "Amani, B., Merza, D., Savoy, C., Streiner, D., Bieling, P., Ferro, M. A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2021, Nov 9). Peer-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Psychiatry, 83(1). https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.21m13928"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Babiy, 2024",
          "ref": "Babiy, Z., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Xie, F., Brown, J. S. L., Bieling, P. J., . . . Van Lieshout, R. J. (2024). One-Day Peer-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 93(2), 129-140. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000536040"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bengtson, 2023",
          "ref": "Bengtson AM, Filipowicz TR, Mphonda S, Udedi M, Kulisewa K, Meltzer-Brody S, et al. An Intervention to Improve Mental Health and HIV Care Engagement Among Perinatal Women in Malawi: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. AIDS and behavior. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Burns, 2013",
          "ref": "Burns A, O'Mahen H, Baxter H, Bennert K, Wiles N, Ramchandani P, et al. A pilot randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for antenatal depression. BMC psychiatry. 2013;13:33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cooper, 2003",
          "ref": "Cooper PJ, Murray L, Wilson A, Romaniuk H. Controlled trial of the short- and long-term effect of psychological treatment of post-partum depression. I. Impact on maternal mood. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;182(5):412-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dennis, 2020",
          "ref": "Dennis CL, Grigoriadis S, Zupancic J, Kiss A, Ravitz P. Telephone-based nurse-delivered interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression: nationwide randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2020;216(4):189-196."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonseca, 2020",
          "ref": "Fonseca A, Alves S, Monteiro F, Gorayeb R, Canavarro MC. Be a Mom, a Web-Based Intervention to Prevent Postpartum Depression: Results From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behav Ther. 2020;51(4):616-633."
        },
        {
          "study": "Forsell, 2017",
          "ref": "Forsell E, Bendix M, Holländare F, et al. Internet delivered cognitive behavior therapy for antenatal depression: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders 2017; 221: 56-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Goodman, 2015",
          "ref": "Goodman JH, Prager J, Goldstein R, Freeman M. Perinatal Dyadic Psychotherapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2015;18(3):493-506."
        },
        {
          "study": "Grote, 2009",
          "ref": "Grote NK, Swartz HA, Geibel SL, Zuckoff A, Houck PR, Frank E. A randomized controlled trial of culturally relevant, brief interpersonal psychotherapy for perinatal depression. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(3):313-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gureje, 2022",
          "ref": "Gureje, O., Oladeji, B. D., Kola, L., Bello, T., Ayinde, O., Faregh, N., . . . Zelkowitz, P. (2022). Effect of intervention delivered by frontline maternal care providers to improve outcome and parenting skills among adolescents with perinatal depression in Nigeria (the RAPiD study): A cluster randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord, 312, 169-176. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.032"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hamilton, 2020",
          "ref": "Hamilton J, Saxon D, Best E, Glover V, Walters SJ, Kerr IB. A randomised, controlled pilot study of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) for stressed pregnant women with underlying anxiety and depression in a routine health service setting. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy. 2020."
        },
        {
          "study": "Honey, 2002",
          "ref": "Honey KL, Bennett P, Morgan M. A brief psycho‐educational group intervention for postnatal depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2002;41(4):405-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hou, 2014",
          "ref": "Hou Y, Hu P, Zhang Y, Lu Q, Wang D, Yin L, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy in combination with systemic family therapy improves mild to moderate postpartum depression. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. 2014;36(1):47-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huh, 2023",
          "ref": "Huh, K., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Ferro, M. A., Bieling, P. J., Hicks, A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2023). Online Public Health Nurse-Delivered Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Psychiatry, 84(5)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hulsbosch, 2023",
          "ref": "Hulsbosch, L. P., Potharst, E. S., Schwabe, I., Boekhorst, M. G. B. M., Pop, V. J. M., & Nyklíček, I. (2023). Online mindfulness-based intervention for women with pregnancy distress: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 332, 262-272. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.009"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2017",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Zulqernain, F., Carter, L.-A., Chaudhry, I., Fatima, B., Kiran, T., . . . Rahman, A. (2017). Treatment of maternal depression in urban slums of Karachi, Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an integrated maternal psychological and early child development intervention. Asian journal of psychiatry, 29, 63-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021a",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Fatima, B., Chaudhry, I. B., Husain, M., Shah, S., Bassett, P., Cohen, N., Jafri, F., Naeem, S., Zadeh, Z., Roberts, C., Rahman, A., Naeem, F., Husain, M. I., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). An integrated parenting intervention for maternal depression and child development in a low-resource setting: Cluster randomized controlled trial [Article]. Depress Anxiety, 38(9), 925-939. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23169"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021b",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Shah, S., Rahman, A., Raza Ur, R., Saeed, Q., Naeem, S., Bassett, P., Husain, M., Haq, S. U., Jaffery, F., Cohen, N., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). Efficacy of learning through play plus intervention to reduce maternal depression in women with malnourished children: A randomized controlled trial from Pakistan(✰). J Affect Disord, 278, 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2023",
          "ref": "Husain N, Lunat F, Lovell K, Sharma D, Zaidi N, Bokhari A, et al. Exploratory RCT of a group psychological intervention for postnatal depression in British mothers of South Asian origin - ROSHNI-D. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2023;238:103974."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jesse, 2015",
          "ref": "Jesse DE, Gaynes BN, Feldhousen EB, Newton ER, Bunch S, Hollon SD. Performance of a culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention integrated in a public health setting to reduce risk of antepartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2015;60(5):578-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2014",
          "ref": "Jiang L, Wang ZZ, Qiu LR, Wan GB, Lin Y, Wei Z. Psychological intervention for postpartum depression. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology: Medical sciences. 2014;34(3):437-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lenze, 2017",
          "ref": "Lenze, S., & Potts, M. (2017). Brief Interpersonal Psychotherapy for depression during pregnancy in a low-income population: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 210, 151-157."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2013",
          "ref": "Leung SS, Lee AM, Chiang VC, Lam SK, Kuen YW, Wong DF. Culturally sensitive, preventive antenatal group cognitive-behavioural therapy for Chinese women with depression. Internationan Journal of Nursing Practice. 2013;19(Supp 1):28-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2016",
          "ref": "Leung S, Lee A, Wong D, Wong C, Leung K, Chiang V, et al. A brief group intervention using a cognitive-behavioural approach to reduce postnatal depressive symptoms: A randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Medical Journal. 2016;22(1 Supplement 2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Liu, 2021",
          "ref": "Liu, H., & Yang, Y. (2021). Effects of a psychological nursing intervention on prevention of anxiety and depression in the postpartum period: a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Annals of General Psychiatry, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00320-4"
        },
        {
          "study": "Merza, 2023",
          "ref": "Merza D, Amani B, Savoy C, Babiy Z, Bieling PJ, Streiner DL, et al. Online peer‐delivered group cognitive‐behavioral therapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mulcahy, 2010",
          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ngai, 2015",
          "ref": "Ngai FW, Wong P-C, Leung KY, Chau PH, Chung KF. The effect of telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on postnatal depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(5):294-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Mahen, 2013",
          "ref": "O'Mahen HA, Woodford J, McGinley J, Warren FC, Richards DA, Lynch TR, et al. Internet-based behavioral activation--treatment for postnatal depression (Netmums): A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;150(3):814-22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prabhu, 2025",
          "ref": "Prabhu S, George LS, Guruvare S, Noronha JA, Jose TT, Nayak BS, et al. Effectiveness of psychosocial education program on postnatal depression, stress, and perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy among pregnant women in South India. Patient Education and Counseling. 2025;130."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prendergast, 2001",
          "ref": "Prendergast J, Austin MP. Early childhood nurse-delivered cognitive behavioural counselling for post-natal depression. Australasian Psychiatry. 2001;9(3):255-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Psaros, 2022",
          "ref": "Psaros, C., Stanton, A. M., Raggio, G. A., Mosery, N., Goodman, G. R., Briggs, E. S., . . . Safren, S. A. (2022). Optimizing PMTCT Adherence by Treating Depression in Perinatal Women with HIV in South Africa: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of behavioral medicine. doi:10.1007/s12529-022-10071-z"
        },
        {
          "study": "Puckering, 2010",
          "ref": "Puckering C, McIntosh E, Hickey A, Longford J. Mellow Babies: A group intervention for infants and mothers experiencing postnatal depression. Counselling Psychology Review. 2010;25(1):28-38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pugh, 2016",
          "ref": "Pugh, N. E., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Dirkse, D. (2016). A Randomised Controlled Trial of Therapist-Assisted, Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Women with Maternal Depression. PLoS ONE, 11(3), e0149186."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Seo, 2022",
          "ref": "Seo, J. M., Kim, S. J., Na, H., Kim, J. H., & Lee, H. (2022). Effectiveness of a Mobile Application for Postpartum Depression Self-Management: Evidence from a Randomised Controlled Trial in South Korea. Healthcare (Basel), 10(11). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/healthcare10112185"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2021",
          "ref": "Sun, Y., et al. (2021). \"Effectiveness of Smartphone-Based Mindfulness Training on Maternal Perinatal Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(1): e23410."
        },
        {
          "study": "Trevillion, 2020",
          "ref": "Trevillion K, Ryan EG, Pickles A, et al. An exploratory parallel-group randomised controlled trial of antenatal Guided Self-Help (plus usual care) versus usual care alone for pregnant women with depression: DAWN trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020;261:187-197."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Horne, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Horne, B. S., Nong, Y. H., Cain, C. M., Sampson, M., Greeley, C. S., & Puryear, L. (2022). A promising new model of care for postpartum depression: A randomised controlled trial of a brief home visitation program conducted in Houston, Texas, USA. Health Soc Care Community, 30(5), e2203-e2213. doi:10.1111/hsc.13658"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2021",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Brown, J. S. L., Ferro, M. A., Streiner, D. L., . . . Hanna, S. (2021). Effect of Online 1-Day Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops Plus Usual Care vs Usual Care Alone for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(11), 1200-1207. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2488"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Haber, E., Feller, A., Biscaro, A., . . . Ferro, M. A. (2022). Public Health Nurse-delivered Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Can J Psychiatry, 67(6), 432-440. doi:10.1177/07067437221074426"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2023",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout RJ, Layton H, Savoy CD, Xie F, Brown JSL, Huh K, et al. In-person 1-day cognitive behavioral therapy-based workshops for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2023;53(14):6888-98."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vigod, 2021",
          "ref": "Vigod, S. N., Slyfield Cook, G., Macdonald, K., Hussain-Shamsy, N., Brown, H. K., de Oliveira, C., . . . Dennis, C.-L. (2021). Mother matters: Pilot randomized wait‐list controlled trial of an online therapist‐facilitated discussion board and support group for postpartum depression symptoms. Depress Anxiety, 38(8), 816-825. doi:10.1002/da.23163"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2019",
          "ref": "Zhao, Y., Munro-Kramer, M. L., Shi, S., Wang, J., & Zhao, Q. (2019). Effects of antenatal depression screening and intervention among Chinese high-risk pregnant women with medically defined complications: A randomized controlled trial. Early intervention in psychiatry, 13(5), 1090-1098. doi:10.1111/eip.12731"
        }
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          "ref": "Hou Y, Hu P, Zhang Y, Lu Q, Wang D, Yin L, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy in combination with systemic family therapy improves mild to moderate postpartum depression. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. 2014;36(1):47-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2014",
          "ref": "Jiang L, Wang ZZ, Qiu LR, Wan GB, Lin Y, Wei Z. Psychological intervention for postpartum depression. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology: Medical sciences. 2014;34(3):437-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mulcahy, 2010",
          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Trevillion, 2020",
          "ref": "Trevillion K, Ryan EG, Pickles A, et al. An exploratory parallel-group randomised controlled trial of antenatal Guided Self-Help (plus usual care) versus usual care alone for pregnant women with depression: DAWN trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020;261:187-197."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2021",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Brown, J. S. L., Ferro, M. A., Streiner, D. L., . . . Hanna, S. (2021). Effect of Online 1-Day Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops Plus Usual Care vs Usual Care Alone for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(11), 1200-1207. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2488"
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    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abujilban, 2024",
          "ref": "Abujilban, S., Al-Omari, H., Issa, E., Alhamdan, A., Al-Nabulsi, L., Mrayan, L., . . . Kernohan, W. G. (2024). Effectiveness of Telephone-Based Interpersonal Psychotherapy on Antenatal Depressive Symptoms: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial in The Kingdom of Jordan. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 30(3), 635-645. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/10783903231171595"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alhusen, 2021",
          "ref": "Alhusen, J. L., Hayat, M. J., & Borg, L. (2021, Feb). A pilot study of a group-based perinatal depression intervention on reducing depressive symptoms and improving maternal-fetal attachment and maternal sensitivity. Arch Womens Ment Health, 24(1), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-020-01032-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Amani, 2021",
          "ref": "Amani, B., Merza, D., Savoy, C., Streiner, D., Bieling, P., Ferro, M. A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2021, Nov 9). Peer-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Psychiatry, 83(1). https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.21m13928"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Babiy, 2024",
          "ref": "Babiy, Z., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Xie, F., Brown, J. S. L., Bieling, P. J., . . . Van Lieshout, R. J. (2024). One-Day Peer-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 93(2), 129-140. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000536040"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bengtson, 2023",
          "ref": "Bengtson AM, Filipowicz TR, Mphonda S, Udedi M, Kulisewa K, Meltzer-Brody S, et al. An Intervention to Improve Mental Health and HIV Care Engagement Among Perinatal Women in Malawi: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. AIDS and behavior. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Burns, 2013",
          "ref": "Burns A, O'Mahen H, Baxter H, Bennert K, Wiles N, Ramchandani P, et al. A pilot randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for antenatal depression. BMC psychiatry. 2013;13:33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cooper, 2003",
          "ref": "Cooper PJ, Murray L, Wilson A, Romaniuk H. Controlled trial of the short- and long-term effect of psychological treatment of post-partum depression. I. Impact on maternal mood. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;182(5):412-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dennis, 2020",
          "ref": "Dennis CL, Grigoriadis S, Zupancic J, Kiss A, Ravitz P. Telephone-based nurse-delivered interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression: nationwide randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2020;216(4):189-196."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonseca, 2020",
          "ref": "Fonseca A, Alves S, Monteiro F, Gorayeb R, Canavarro MC. Be a Mom, a Web-Based Intervention to Prevent Postpartum Depression: Results From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behav Ther. 2020;51(4):616-633."
        },
        {
          "study": "Forsell, 2017",
          "ref": "Forsell E, Bendix M, Holländare F, et al. Internet delivered cognitive behavior therapy for antenatal depression: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders 2017; 221: 56-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Goodman, 2015",
          "ref": "Goodman JH, Prager J, Goldstein R, Freeman M. Perinatal Dyadic Psychotherapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2015;18(3):493-506."
        },
        {
          "study": "Grote, 2009",
          "ref": "Grote NK, Swartz HA, Geibel SL, Zuckoff A, Houck PR, Frank E. A randomized controlled trial of culturally relevant, brief interpersonal psychotherapy for perinatal depression. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(3):313-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gureje, 2022",
          "ref": "Gureje, O., Oladeji, B. D., Kola, L., Bello, T., Ayinde, O., Faregh, N., . . . Zelkowitz, P. (2022). Effect of intervention delivered by frontline maternal care providers to improve outcome and parenting skills among adolescents with perinatal depression in Nigeria (the RAPiD study): A cluster randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord, 312, 169-176. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.032"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hamilton, 2020",
          "ref": "Hamilton J, Saxon D, Best E, Glover V, Walters SJ, Kerr IB. A randomised, controlled pilot study of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) for stressed pregnant women with underlying anxiety and depression in a routine health service setting. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy. 2020."
        },
        {
          "study": "Honey, 2002",
          "ref": "Honey KL, Bennett P, Morgan M. A brief psycho‐educational group intervention for postnatal depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2002;41(4):405-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hou, 2014",
          "ref": "Hou Y, Hu P, Zhang Y, Lu Q, Wang D, Yin L, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy in combination with systemic family therapy improves mild to moderate postpartum depression. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. 2014;36(1):47-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huh, 2023",
          "ref": "Huh, K., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Ferro, M. A., Bieling, P. J., Hicks, A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2023). Online Public Health Nurse-Delivered Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Psychiatry, 84(5)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hulsbosch, 2023",
          "ref": "Hulsbosch, L. P., Potharst, E. S., Schwabe, I., Boekhorst, M. G. B. M., Pop, V. J. M., & Nyklíček, I. (2023). Online mindfulness-based intervention for women with pregnancy distress: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 332, 262-272. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.009"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2017",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Zulqernain, F., Carter, L.-A., Chaudhry, I., Fatima, B., Kiran, T., . . . Rahman, A. (2017). Treatment of maternal depression in urban slums of Karachi, Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an integrated maternal psychological and early child development intervention. Asian journal of psychiatry, 29, 63-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021a",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Fatima, B., Chaudhry, I. B., Husain, M., Shah, S., Bassett, P., Cohen, N., Jafri, F., Naeem, S., Zadeh, Z., Roberts, C., Rahman, A., Naeem, F., Husain, M. I., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). An integrated parenting intervention for maternal depression and child development in a low-resource setting: Cluster randomized controlled trial [Article]. Depress Anxiety, 38(9), 925-939. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23169"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021b",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Shah, S., Rahman, A., Raza Ur, R., Saeed, Q., Naeem, S., Bassett, P., Husain, M., Haq, S. U., Jaffery, F., Cohen, N., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). Efficacy of learning through play plus intervention to reduce maternal depression in women with malnourished children: A randomized controlled trial from Pakistan(✰). J Affect Disord, 278, 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2023",
          "ref": "Husain N, Lunat F, Lovell K, Sharma D, Zaidi N, Bokhari A, et al. Exploratory RCT of a group psychological intervention for postnatal depression in British mothers of South Asian origin - ROSHNI-D. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2023;238:103974."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jesse, 2015",
          "ref": "Jesse DE, Gaynes BN, Feldhousen EB, Newton ER, Bunch S, Hollon SD. Performance of a culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention integrated in a public health setting to reduce risk of antepartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2015;60(5):578-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2014",
          "ref": "Jiang L, Wang ZZ, Qiu LR, Wan GB, Lin Y, Wei Z. Psychological intervention for postpartum depression. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology: Medical sciences. 2014;34(3):437-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lenze, 2017",
          "ref": "Lenze, S., & Potts, M. (2017). Brief Interpersonal Psychotherapy for depression during pregnancy in a low-income population: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 210, 151-157."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2013",
          "ref": "Leung SS, Lee AM, Chiang VC, Lam SK, Kuen YW, Wong DF. Culturally sensitive, preventive antenatal group cognitive-behavioural therapy for Chinese women with depression. Internationan Journal of Nursing Practice. 2013;19(Supp 1):28-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2016",
          "ref": "Leung S, Lee A, Wong D, Wong C, Leung K, Chiang V, et al. A brief group intervention using a cognitive-behavioural approach to reduce postnatal depressive symptoms: A randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Medical Journal. 2016;22(1 Supplement 2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Liu, 2021",
          "ref": "Liu, H., & Yang, Y. (2021). Effects of a psychological nursing intervention on prevention of anxiety and depression in the postpartum period: a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Annals of General Psychiatry, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00320-4"
        },
        {
          "study": "Merza, 2023",
          "ref": "Merza D, Amani B, Savoy C, Babiy Z, Bieling PJ, Streiner DL, et al. Online peer‐delivered group cognitive‐behavioral therapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mulcahy, 2010",
          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ngai, 2015",
          "ref": "Ngai FW, Wong P-C, Leung KY, Chau PH, Chung KF. The effect of telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on postnatal depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(5):294-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Mahen, 2013",
          "ref": "O'Mahen HA, Woodford J, McGinley J, Warren FC, Richards DA, Lynch TR, et al. Internet-based behavioral activation--treatment for postnatal depression (Netmums): A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;150(3):814-22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prabhu, 2025",
          "ref": "Prabhu S, George LS, Guruvare S, Noronha JA, Jose TT, Nayak BS, et al. Effectiveness of psychosocial education program on postnatal depression, stress, and perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy among pregnant women in South India. Patient Education and Counseling. 2025;130."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prendergast, 2001",
          "ref": "Prendergast J, Austin MP. Early childhood nurse-delivered cognitive behavioural counselling for post-natal depression. Australasian Psychiatry. 2001;9(3):255-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Psaros, 2022",
          "ref": "Psaros, C., Stanton, A. M., Raggio, G. A., Mosery, N., Goodman, G. R., Briggs, E. S., . . . Safren, S. A. (2022). Optimizing PMTCT Adherence by Treating Depression in Perinatal Women with HIV in South Africa: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of behavioral medicine. doi:10.1007/s12529-022-10071-z"
        },
        {
          "study": "Puckering, 2010",
          "ref": "Puckering C, McIntosh E, Hickey A, Longford J. Mellow Babies: A group intervention for infants and mothers experiencing postnatal depression. Counselling Psychology Review. 2010;25(1):28-38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pugh, 2016",
          "ref": "Pugh, N. E., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Dirkse, D. (2016). A Randomised Controlled Trial of Therapist-Assisted, Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Women with Maternal Depression. PLoS ONE, 11(3), e0149186."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Seo, 2022",
          "ref": "Seo, J. M., Kim, S. J., Na, H., Kim, J. H., & Lee, H. (2022). Effectiveness of a Mobile Application for Postpartum Depression Self-Management: Evidence from a Randomised Controlled Trial in South Korea. Healthcare (Basel), 10(11). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/healthcare10112185"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2021",
          "ref": "Sun, Y., et al. (2021). \"Effectiveness of Smartphone-Based Mindfulness Training on Maternal Perinatal Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(1): e23410."
        },
        {
          "study": "Trevillion, 2020",
          "ref": "Trevillion K, Ryan EG, Pickles A, et al. An exploratory parallel-group randomised controlled trial of antenatal Guided Self-Help (plus usual care) versus usual care alone for pregnant women with depression: DAWN trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020;261:187-197."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Horne, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Horne, B. S., Nong, Y. H., Cain, C. M., Sampson, M., Greeley, C. S., & Puryear, L. (2022). A promising new model of care for postpartum depression: A randomised controlled trial of a brief home visitation program conducted in Houston, Texas, USA. Health Soc Care Community, 30(5), e2203-e2213. doi:10.1111/hsc.13658"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2021",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Brown, J. S. L., Ferro, M. A., Streiner, D. L., . . . Hanna, S. (2021). Effect of Online 1-Day Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops Plus Usual Care vs Usual Care Alone for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(11), 1200-1207. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2488"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Haber, E., Feller, A., Biscaro, A., . . . Ferro, M. A. (2022). Public Health Nurse-delivered Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Can J Psychiatry, 67(6), 432-440. doi:10.1177/07067437221074426"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2023",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout RJ, Layton H, Savoy CD, Xie F, Brown JSL, Huh K, et al. In-person 1-day cognitive behavioral therapy-based workshops for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2023;53(14):6888-98."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vigod, 2021",
          "ref": "Vigod, S. N., Slyfield Cook, G., Macdonald, K., Hussain-Shamsy, N., Brown, H. K., de Oliveira, C., . . . Dennis, C.-L. (2021). Mother matters: Pilot randomized wait‐list controlled trial of an online therapist‐facilitated discussion board and support group for postpartum depression symptoms. Depress Anxiety, 38(8), 816-825. doi:10.1002/da.23163"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2019",
          "ref": "Zhao, Y., Munro-Kramer, M. L., Shi, S., Wang, J., & Zhao, Q. (2019). Effects of antenatal depression screening and intervention among Chinese high-risk pregnant women with medically defined complications: A randomized controlled trial. Early intervention in psychiatry, 13(5), 1090-1098. doi:10.1111/eip.12731"
        }
      ]
    },
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      "phi": 8.19,
      "i2": 96.2,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abujilban, 2024",
          "ref": "Abujilban, S., Al-Omari, H., Issa, E., Alhamdan, A., Al-Nabulsi, L., Mrayan, L., . . . Kernohan, W. G. (2024). Effectiveness of Telephone-Based Interpersonal Psychotherapy on Antenatal Depressive Symptoms: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial in The Kingdom of Jordan. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 30(3), 635-645. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/10783903231171595"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alhusen, 2021",
          "ref": "Alhusen, J. L., Hayat, M. J., & Borg, L. (2021, Feb). A pilot study of a group-based perinatal depression intervention on reducing depressive symptoms and improving maternal-fetal attachment and maternal sensitivity. Arch Womens Ment Health, 24(1), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-020-01032-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Amani, 2021",
          "ref": "Amani, B., Merza, D., Savoy, C., Streiner, D., Bieling, P., Ferro, M. A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2021, Nov 9). Peer-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Psychiatry, 83(1). https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.21m13928"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Babiy, 2024",
          "ref": "Babiy, Z., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Xie, F., Brown, J. S. L., Bieling, P. J., . . . Van Lieshout, R. J. (2024). One-Day Peer-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 93(2), 129-140. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000536040"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bengtson, 2023",
          "ref": "Bengtson AM, Filipowicz TR, Mphonda S, Udedi M, Kulisewa K, Meltzer-Brody S, et al. An Intervention to Improve Mental Health and HIV Care Engagement Among Perinatal Women in Malawi: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. AIDS and behavior. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Burns, 2013",
          "ref": "Burns A, O'Mahen H, Baxter H, Bennert K, Wiles N, Ramchandani P, et al. A pilot randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for antenatal depression. BMC psychiatry. 2013;13:33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cooper, 2003",
          "ref": "Cooper PJ, Murray L, Wilson A, Romaniuk H. Controlled trial of the short- and long-term effect of psychological treatment of post-partum depression. I. Impact on maternal mood. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;182(5):412-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dennis, 2020",
          "ref": "Dennis CL, Grigoriadis S, Zupancic J, Kiss A, Ravitz P. Telephone-based nurse-delivered interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression: nationwide randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2020;216(4):189-196."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonseca, 2020",
          "ref": "Fonseca A, Alves S, Monteiro F, Gorayeb R, Canavarro MC. Be a Mom, a Web-Based Intervention to Prevent Postpartum Depression: Results From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behav Ther. 2020;51(4):616-633."
        },
        {
          "study": "Forsell, 2017",
          "ref": "Forsell E, Bendix M, Holländare F, et al. Internet delivered cognitive behavior therapy for antenatal depression: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders 2017; 221: 56-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Goodman, 2015",
          "ref": "Goodman JH, Prager J, Goldstein R, Freeman M. Perinatal Dyadic Psychotherapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2015;18(3):493-506."
        },
        {
          "study": "Grote, 2009",
          "ref": "Grote NK, Swartz HA, Geibel SL, Zuckoff A, Houck PR, Frank E. A randomized controlled trial of culturally relevant, brief interpersonal psychotherapy for perinatal depression. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(3):313-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gureje, 2022",
          "ref": "Gureje, O., Oladeji, B. D., Kola, L., Bello, T., Ayinde, O., Faregh, N., . . . Zelkowitz, P. (2022). Effect of intervention delivered by frontline maternal care providers to improve outcome and parenting skills among adolescents with perinatal depression in Nigeria (the RAPiD study): A cluster randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord, 312, 169-176. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.032"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hamilton, 2020",
          "ref": "Hamilton J, Saxon D, Best E, Glover V, Walters SJ, Kerr IB. A randomised, controlled pilot study of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) for stressed pregnant women with underlying anxiety and depression in a routine health service setting. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy. 2020."
        },
        {
          "study": "Honey, 2002",
          "ref": "Honey KL, Bennett P, Morgan M. A brief psycho‐educational group intervention for postnatal depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2002;41(4):405-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hou, 2014",
          "ref": "Hou Y, Hu P, Zhang Y, Lu Q, Wang D, Yin L, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy in combination with systemic family therapy improves mild to moderate postpartum depression. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. 2014;36(1):47-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huh, 2023",
          "ref": "Huh, K., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Ferro, M. A., Bieling, P. J., Hicks, A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2023). Online Public Health Nurse-Delivered Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Psychiatry, 84(5)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hulsbosch, 2023",
          "ref": "Hulsbosch, L. P., Potharst, E. S., Schwabe, I., Boekhorst, M. G. B. M., Pop, V. J. M., & Nyklíček, I. (2023). Online mindfulness-based intervention for women with pregnancy distress: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 332, 262-272. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.009"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2017",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Zulqernain, F., Carter, L.-A., Chaudhry, I., Fatima, B., Kiran, T., . . . Rahman, A. (2017). Treatment of maternal depression in urban slums of Karachi, Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an integrated maternal psychological and early child development intervention. Asian journal of psychiatry, 29, 63-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021a",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Fatima, B., Chaudhry, I. B., Husain, M., Shah, S., Bassett, P., Cohen, N., Jafri, F., Naeem, S., Zadeh, Z., Roberts, C., Rahman, A., Naeem, F., Husain, M. I., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). An integrated parenting intervention for maternal depression and child development in a low-resource setting: Cluster randomized controlled trial [Article]. Depress Anxiety, 38(9), 925-939. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23169"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021b",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Shah, S., Rahman, A., Raza Ur, R., Saeed, Q., Naeem, S., Bassett, P., Husain, M., Haq, S. U., Jaffery, F., Cohen, N., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). Efficacy of learning through play plus intervention to reduce maternal depression in women with malnourished children: A randomized controlled trial from Pakistan(✰). J Affect Disord, 278, 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2023",
          "ref": "Husain N, Lunat F, Lovell K, Sharma D, Zaidi N, Bokhari A, et al. Exploratory RCT of a group psychological intervention for postnatal depression in British mothers of South Asian origin - ROSHNI-D. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2023;238:103974."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jesse, 2015",
          "ref": "Jesse DE, Gaynes BN, Feldhousen EB, Newton ER, Bunch S, Hollon SD. Performance of a culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention integrated in a public health setting to reduce risk of antepartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2015;60(5):578-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2014",
          "ref": "Jiang L, Wang ZZ, Qiu LR, Wan GB, Lin Y, Wei Z. Psychological intervention for postpartum depression. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology: Medical sciences. 2014;34(3):437-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lenze, 2017",
          "ref": "Lenze, S., & Potts, M. (2017). Brief Interpersonal Psychotherapy for depression during pregnancy in a low-income population: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 210, 151-157."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2013",
          "ref": "Leung SS, Lee AM, Chiang VC, Lam SK, Kuen YW, Wong DF. Culturally sensitive, preventive antenatal group cognitive-behavioural therapy for Chinese women with depression. Internationan Journal of Nursing Practice. 2013;19(Supp 1):28-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2016",
          "ref": "Leung S, Lee A, Wong D, Wong C, Leung K, Chiang V, et al. A brief group intervention using a cognitive-behavioural approach to reduce postnatal depressive symptoms: A randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Medical Journal. 2016;22(1 Supplement 2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Liu, 2021",
          "ref": "Liu, H., & Yang, Y. (2021). Effects of a psychological nursing intervention on prevention of anxiety and depression in the postpartum period: a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Annals of General Psychiatry, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00320-4"
        },
        {
          "study": "Merza, 2023",
          "ref": "Merza D, Amani B, Savoy C, Babiy Z, Bieling PJ, Streiner DL, et al. Online peer‐delivered group cognitive‐behavioral therapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mulcahy, 2010",
          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ngai, 2015",
          "ref": "Ngai FW, Wong P-C, Leung KY, Chau PH, Chung KF. The effect of telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on postnatal depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(5):294-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Mahen, 2013",
          "ref": "O'Mahen HA, Woodford J, McGinley J, Warren FC, Richards DA, Lynch TR, et al. Internet-based behavioral activation--treatment for postnatal depression (Netmums): A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;150(3):814-22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prabhu, 2025",
          "ref": "Prabhu S, George LS, Guruvare S, Noronha JA, Jose TT, Nayak BS, et al. Effectiveness of psychosocial education program on postnatal depression, stress, and perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy among pregnant women in South India. Patient Education and Counseling. 2025;130."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prendergast, 2001",
          "ref": "Prendergast J, Austin MP. Early childhood nurse-delivered cognitive behavioural counselling for post-natal depression. Australasian Psychiatry. 2001;9(3):255-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Psaros, 2022",
          "ref": "Psaros, C., Stanton, A. M., Raggio, G. A., Mosery, N., Goodman, G. R., Briggs, E. S., . . . Safren, S. A. (2022). Optimizing PMTCT Adherence by Treating Depression in Perinatal Women with HIV in South Africa: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of behavioral medicine. doi:10.1007/s12529-022-10071-z"
        },
        {
          "study": "Puckering, 2010",
          "ref": "Puckering C, McIntosh E, Hickey A, Longford J. Mellow Babies: A group intervention for infants and mothers experiencing postnatal depression. Counselling Psychology Review. 2010;25(1):28-38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pugh, 2016",
          "ref": "Pugh, N. E., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Dirkse, D. (2016). A Randomised Controlled Trial of Therapist-Assisted, Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Women with Maternal Depression. PLoS ONE, 11(3), e0149186."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Seo, 2022",
          "ref": "Seo, J. M., Kim, S. J., Na, H., Kim, J. H., & Lee, H. (2022). Effectiveness of a Mobile Application for Postpartum Depression Self-Management: Evidence from a Randomised Controlled Trial in South Korea. Healthcare (Basel), 10(11). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/healthcare10112185"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2021",
          "ref": "Sun, Y., et al. (2021). \"Effectiveness of Smartphone-Based Mindfulness Training on Maternal Perinatal Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(1): e23410."
        },
        {
          "study": "Trevillion, 2020",
          "ref": "Trevillion K, Ryan EG, Pickles A, et al. An exploratory parallel-group randomised controlled trial of antenatal Guided Self-Help (plus usual care) versus usual care alone for pregnant women with depression: DAWN trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020;261:187-197."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Horne, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Horne, B. S., Nong, Y. H., Cain, C. M., Sampson, M., Greeley, C. S., & Puryear, L. (2022). A promising new model of care for postpartum depression: A randomised controlled trial of a brief home visitation program conducted in Houston, Texas, USA. Health Soc Care Community, 30(5), e2203-e2213. doi:10.1111/hsc.13658"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2021",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Brown, J. S. L., Ferro, M. A., Streiner, D. L., . . . Hanna, S. (2021). Effect of Online 1-Day Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops Plus Usual Care vs Usual Care Alone for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(11), 1200-1207. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2488"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Haber, E., Feller, A., Biscaro, A., . . . Ferro, M. A. (2022). Public Health Nurse-delivered Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Can J Psychiatry, 67(6), 432-440. doi:10.1177/07067437221074426"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2023",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout RJ, Layton H, Savoy CD, Xie F, Brown JSL, Huh K, et al. In-person 1-day cognitive behavioral therapy-based workshops for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2023;53(14):6888-98."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vigod, 2021",
          "ref": "Vigod, S. N., Slyfield Cook, G., Macdonald, K., Hussain-Shamsy, N., Brown, H. K., de Oliveira, C., . . . Dennis, C.-L. (2021). Mother matters: Pilot randomized wait‐list controlled trial of an online therapist‐facilitated discussion board and support group for postpartum depression symptoms. Depress Anxiety, 38(8), 816-825. doi:10.1002/da.23163"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2019",
          "ref": "Zhao, Y., Munro-Kramer, M. L., Shi, S., Wang, J., & Zhao, Q. (2019). Effects of antenatal depression screening and intervention among Chinese high-risk pregnant women with medically defined complications: A randomized controlled trial. Early intervention in psychiatry, 13(5), 1090-1098. doi:10.1111/eip.12731"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 568,
      "instr": "EPDS",
      "full": "Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Rating",
      "sgv": "Self-rated",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 49,
      "k_es": 52,
      "sd": 4.663,
      "lo": 4.283,
      "hi": 5.077,
      "tau2": 0.0765,
      "tau2w": 0.0042,
      "plo": 2.656,
      "phi": 8.189,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abujilban, 2024",
          "ref": "Abujilban, S., Al-Omari, H., Issa, E., Alhamdan, A., Al-Nabulsi, L., Mrayan, L., . . . Kernohan, W. G. (2024). Effectiveness of Telephone-Based Interpersonal Psychotherapy on Antenatal Depressive Symptoms: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial in The Kingdom of Jordan. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 30(3), 635-645. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/10783903231171595"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alhusen, 2021",
          "ref": "Alhusen, J. L., Hayat, M. J., & Borg, L. (2021, Feb). A pilot study of a group-based perinatal depression intervention on reducing depressive symptoms and improving maternal-fetal attachment and maternal sensitivity. Arch Womens Ment Health, 24(1), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-020-01032-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Amani, 2021",
          "ref": "Amani, B., Merza, D., Savoy, C., Streiner, D., Bieling, P., Ferro, M. A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2021, Nov 9). Peer-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Psychiatry, 83(1). https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.21m13928"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Babiy, 2024",
          "ref": "Babiy, Z., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Xie, F., Brown, J. S. L., Bieling, P. J., . . . Van Lieshout, R. J. (2024). One-Day Peer-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 93(2), 129-140. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000536040"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bengtson, 2023",
          "ref": "Bengtson AM, Filipowicz TR, Mphonda S, Udedi M, Kulisewa K, Meltzer-Brody S, et al. An Intervention to Improve Mental Health and HIV Care Engagement Among Perinatal Women in Malawi: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. AIDS and behavior. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Burns, 2013",
          "ref": "Burns A, O'Mahen H, Baxter H, Bennert K, Wiles N, Ramchandani P, et al. A pilot randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for antenatal depression. BMC psychiatry. 2013;13:33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cooper, 2003",
          "ref": "Cooper PJ, Murray L, Wilson A, Romaniuk H. Controlled trial of the short- and long-term effect of psychological treatment of post-partum depression. I. Impact on maternal mood. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;182(5):412-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dennis, 2020",
          "ref": "Dennis CL, Grigoriadis S, Zupancic J, Kiss A, Ravitz P. Telephone-based nurse-delivered interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression: nationwide randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2020;216(4):189-196."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonseca, 2020",
          "ref": "Fonseca A, Alves S, Monteiro F, Gorayeb R, Canavarro MC. Be a Mom, a Web-Based Intervention to Prevent Postpartum Depression: Results From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behav Ther. 2020;51(4):616-633."
        },
        {
          "study": "Forsell, 2017",
          "ref": "Forsell E, Bendix M, Holländare F, et al. Internet delivered cognitive behavior therapy for antenatal depression: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders 2017; 221: 56-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Goodman, 2015",
          "ref": "Goodman JH, Prager J, Goldstein R, Freeman M. Perinatal Dyadic Psychotherapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2015;18(3):493-506."
        },
        {
          "study": "Grote, 2009",
          "ref": "Grote NK, Swartz HA, Geibel SL, Zuckoff A, Houck PR, Frank E. A randomized controlled trial of culturally relevant, brief interpersonal psychotherapy for perinatal depression. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(3):313-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gureje, 2022",
          "ref": "Gureje, O., Oladeji, B. D., Kola, L., Bello, T., Ayinde, O., Faregh, N., . . . Zelkowitz, P. (2022). Effect of intervention delivered by frontline maternal care providers to improve outcome and parenting skills among adolescents with perinatal depression in Nigeria (the RAPiD study): A cluster randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord, 312, 169-176. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.032"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hamilton, 2020",
          "ref": "Hamilton J, Saxon D, Best E, Glover V, Walters SJ, Kerr IB. A randomised, controlled pilot study of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) for stressed pregnant women with underlying anxiety and depression in a routine health service setting. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy. 2020."
        },
        {
          "study": "Honey, 2002",
          "ref": "Honey KL, Bennett P, Morgan M. A brief psycho‐educational group intervention for postnatal depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2002;41(4):405-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hou, 2014",
          "ref": "Hou Y, Hu P, Zhang Y, Lu Q, Wang D, Yin L, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy in combination with systemic family therapy improves mild to moderate postpartum depression. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. 2014;36(1):47-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huh, 2023",
          "ref": "Huh, K., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Ferro, M. A., Bieling, P. J., Hicks, A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2023). Online Public Health Nurse-Delivered Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Psychiatry, 84(5)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hulsbosch, 2023",
          "ref": "Hulsbosch, L. P., Potharst, E. S., Schwabe, I., Boekhorst, M. G. B. M., Pop, V. J. M., & Nyklíček, I. (2023). Online mindfulness-based intervention for women with pregnancy distress: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 332, 262-272. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.009"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2017",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Zulqernain, F., Carter, L.-A., Chaudhry, I., Fatima, B., Kiran, T., . . . Rahman, A. (2017). Treatment of maternal depression in urban slums of Karachi, Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an integrated maternal psychological and early child development intervention. Asian journal of psychiatry, 29, 63-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021a",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Fatima, B., Chaudhry, I. B., Husain, M., Shah, S., Bassett, P., Cohen, N., Jafri, F., Naeem, S., Zadeh, Z., Roberts, C., Rahman, A., Naeem, F., Husain, M. I., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). An integrated parenting intervention for maternal depression and child development in a low-resource setting: Cluster randomized controlled trial [Article]. Depress Anxiety, 38(9), 925-939. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23169"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021b",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Shah, S., Rahman, A., Raza Ur, R., Saeed, Q., Naeem, S., Bassett, P., Husain, M., Haq, S. U., Jaffery, F., Cohen, N., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). Efficacy of learning through play plus intervention to reduce maternal depression in women with malnourished children: A randomized controlled trial from Pakistan(✰). J Affect Disord, 278, 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2023",
          "ref": "Husain N, Lunat F, Lovell K, Sharma D, Zaidi N, Bokhari A, et al. Exploratory RCT of a group psychological intervention for postnatal depression in British mothers of South Asian origin - ROSHNI-D. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2023;238:103974."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jesse, 2015",
          "ref": "Jesse DE, Gaynes BN, Feldhousen EB, Newton ER, Bunch S, Hollon SD. Performance of a culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention integrated in a public health setting to reduce risk of antepartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2015;60(5):578-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2014",
          "ref": "Jiang L, Wang ZZ, Qiu LR, Wan GB, Lin Y, Wei Z. Psychological intervention for postpartum depression. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology: Medical sciences. 2014;34(3):437-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lenze, 2017",
          "ref": "Lenze, S., & Potts, M. (2017). Brief Interpersonal Psychotherapy for depression during pregnancy in a low-income population: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 210, 151-157."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2013",
          "ref": "Leung SS, Lee AM, Chiang VC, Lam SK, Kuen YW, Wong DF. Culturally sensitive, preventive antenatal group cognitive-behavioural therapy for Chinese women with depression. Internationan Journal of Nursing Practice. 2013;19(Supp 1):28-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2016",
          "ref": "Leung S, Lee A, Wong D, Wong C, Leung K, Chiang V, et al. A brief group intervention using a cognitive-behavioural approach to reduce postnatal depressive symptoms: A randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Medical Journal. 2016;22(1 Supplement 2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Liu, 2021",
          "ref": "Liu, H., & Yang, Y. (2021). Effects of a psychological nursing intervention on prevention of anxiety and depression in the postpartum period: a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Annals of General Psychiatry, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00320-4"
        },
        {
          "study": "Merza, 2023",
          "ref": "Merza D, Amani B, Savoy C, Babiy Z, Bieling PJ, Streiner DL, et al. Online peer‐delivered group cognitive‐behavioral therapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mulcahy, 2010",
          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ngai, 2015",
          "ref": "Ngai FW, Wong P-C, Leung KY, Chau PH, Chung KF. The effect of telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on postnatal depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(5):294-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Mahen, 2013",
          "ref": "O'Mahen HA, Woodford J, McGinley J, Warren FC, Richards DA, Lynch TR, et al. Internet-based behavioral activation--treatment for postnatal depression (Netmums): A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;150(3):814-22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prabhu, 2025",
          "ref": "Prabhu S, George LS, Guruvare S, Noronha JA, Jose TT, Nayak BS, et al. Effectiveness of psychosocial education program on postnatal depression, stress, and perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy among pregnant women in South India. Patient Education and Counseling. 2025;130."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prendergast, 2001",
          "ref": "Prendergast J, Austin MP. Early childhood nurse-delivered cognitive behavioural counselling for post-natal depression. Australasian Psychiatry. 2001;9(3):255-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Psaros, 2022",
          "ref": "Psaros, C., Stanton, A. M., Raggio, G. A., Mosery, N., Goodman, G. R., Briggs, E. S., . . . Safren, S. A. (2022). Optimizing PMTCT Adherence by Treating Depression in Perinatal Women with HIV in South Africa: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of behavioral medicine. doi:10.1007/s12529-022-10071-z"
        },
        {
          "study": "Puckering, 2010",
          "ref": "Puckering C, McIntosh E, Hickey A, Longford J. Mellow Babies: A group intervention for infants and mothers experiencing postnatal depression. Counselling Psychology Review. 2010;25(1):28-38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pugh, 2016",
          "ref": "Pugh, N. E., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Dirkse, D. (2016). A Randomised Controlled Trial of Therapist-Assisted, Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Women with Maternal Depression. PLoS ONE, 11(3), e0149186."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Seo, 2022",
          "ref": "Seo, J. M., Kim, S. J., Na, H., Kim, J. H., & Lee, H. (2022). Effectiveness of a Mobile Application for Postpartum Depression Self-Management: Evidence from a Randomised Controlled Trial in South Korea. Healthcare (Basel), 10(11). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/healthcare10112185"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2021",
          "ref": "Sun, Y., et al. (2021). \"Effectiveness of Smartphone-Based Mindfulness Training on Maternal Perinatal Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(1): e23410."
        },
        {
          "study": "Trevillion, 2020",
          "ref": "Trevillion K, Ryan EG, Pickles A, et al. An exploratory parallel-group randomised controlled trial of antenatal Guided Self-Help (plus usual care) versus usual care alone for pregnant women with depression: DAWN trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020;261:187-197."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Horne, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Horne, B. S., Nong, Y. H., Cain, C. M., Sampson, M., Greeley, C. S., & Puryear, L. (2022). A promising new model of care for postpartum depression: A randomised controlled trial of a brief home visitation program conducted in Houston, Texas, USA. Health Soc Care Community, 30(5), e2203-e2213. doi:10.1111/hsc.13658"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2021",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Brown, J. S. L., Ferro, M. A., Streiner, D. L., . . . Hanna, S. (2021). Effect of Online 1-Day Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops Plus Usual Care vs Usual Care Alone for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(11), 1200-1207. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2488"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Haber, E., Feller, A., Biscaro, A., . . . Ferro, M. A. (2022). Public Health Nurse-delivered Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Can J Psychiatry, 67(6), 432-440. doi:10.1177/07067437221074426"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2023",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout RJ, Layton H, Savoy CD, Xie F, Brown JSL, Huh K, et al. In-person 1-day cognitive behavioral therapy-based workshops for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2023;53(14):6888-98."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vigod, 2021",
          "ref": "Vigod, S. N., Slyfield Cook, G., Macdonald, K., Hussain-Shamsy, N., Brown, H. K., de Oliveira, C., . . . Dennis, C.-L. (2021). Mother matters: Pilot randomized wait‐list controlled trial of an online therapist‐facilitated discussion board and support group for postpartum depression symptoms. Depress Anxiety, 38(8), 816-825. doi:10.1002/da.23163"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2019",
          "ref": "Zhao, Y., Munro-Kramer, M. L., Shi, S., Wang, J., & Zhao, Q. (2019). Effects of antenatal depression screening and intervention among Chinese high-risk pregnant women with medically defined complications: A randomized controlled trial. Early intervention in psychiatry, 13(5), 1090-1098. doi:10.1111/eip.12731"
        }
      ]
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          "study": "Amani, 2021",
          "ref": "Amani, B., Merza, D., Savoy, C., Streiner, D., Bieling, P., Ferro, M. A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2021, Nov 9). Peer-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Psychiatry, 83(1). https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.21m13928"
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        {
          "study": "Babiy, 2024",
          "ref": "Babiy, Z., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Xie, F., Brown, J. S. L., Bieling, P. J., . . . Van Lieshout, R. J. (2024). One-Day Peer-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 93(2), 129-140. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000536040"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dennis, 2020",
          "ref": "Dennis CL, Grigoriadis S, Zupancic J, Kiss A, Ravitz P. Telephone-based nurse-delivered interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression: nationwide randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2020;216(4):189-196."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonseca, 2020",
          "ref": "Fonseca A, Alves S, Monteiro F, Gorayeb R, Canavarro MC. Be a Mom, a Web-Based Intervention to Prevent Postpartum Depression: Results From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behav Ther. 2020;51(4):616-633."
        },
        {
          "study": "Forsell, 2017",
          "ref": "Forsell E, Bendix M, Holländare F, et al. Internet delivered cognitive behavior therapy for antenatal depression: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders 2017; 221: 56-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huh, 2023",
          "ref": "Huh, K., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Ferro, M. A., Bieling, P. J., Hicks, A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2023). Online Public Health Nurse-Delivered Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Psychiatry, 84(5)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hulsbosch, 2023",
          "ref": "Hulsbosch, L. P., Potharst, E. S., Schwabe, I., Boekhorst, M. G. B. M., Pop, V. J. M., & Nyklíček, I. (2023). Online mindfulness-based intervention for women with pregnancy distress: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 332, 262-272. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.009"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2023",
          "ref": "Husain N, Lunat F, Lovell K, Sharma D, Zaidi N, Bokhari A, et al. Exploratory RCT of a group psychological intervention for postnatal depression in British mothers of South Asian origin - ROSHNI-D. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2023;238:103974."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lenze, 2017",
          "ref": "Lenze, S., & Potts, M. (2017). Brief Interpersonal Psychotherapy for depression during pregnancy in a low-income population: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 210, 151-157."
        },
        {
          "study": "Merza, 2023",
          "ref": "Merza D, Amani B, Savoy C, Babiy Z, Bieling PJ, Streiner DL, et al. Online peer‐delivered group cognitive‐behavioral therapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Mahen, 2013",
          "ref": "O'Mahen HA, Woodford J, McGinley J, Warren FC, Richards DA, Lynch TR, et al. Internet-based behavioral activation--treatment for postnatal depression (Netmums): A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;150(3):814-22."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Pugh, N. E., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Dirkse, D. (2016). A Randomised Controlled Trial of Therapist-Assisted, Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Women with Maternal Depression. PLoS ONE, 11(3), e0149186."
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        {
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          "ref": "Seo, J. M., Kim, S. J., Na, H., Kim, J. H., & Lee, H. (2022). Effectiveness of a Mobile Application for Postpartum Depression Self-Management: Evidence from a Randomised Controlled Trial in South Korea. Healthcare (Basel), 10(11). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/healthcare10112185"
        },
        {
          "study": "Trevillion, 2020",
          "ref": "Trevillion K, Ryan EG, Pickles A, et al. An exploratory parallel-group randomised controlled trial of antenatal Guided Self-Help (plus usual care) versus usual care alone for pregnant women with depression: DAWN trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020;261:187-197."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Brown, J. S. L., Ferro, M. A., Streiner, D. L., . . . Hanna, S. (2021). Effect of Online 1-Day Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops Plus Usual Care vs Usual Care Alone for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(11), 1200-1207. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2488"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Haber, E., Feller, A., Biscaro, A., . . . Ferro, M. A. (2022). Public Health Nurse-delivered Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Can J Psychiatry, 67(6), 432-440. doi:10.1177/07067437221074426"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2023",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout RJ, Layton H, Savoy CD, Xie F, Brown JSL, Huh K, et al. In-person 1-day cognitive behavioral therapy-based workshops for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2023;53(14):6888-98."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vigod, 2021",
          "ref": "Vigod, S. N., Slyfield Cook, G., Macdonald, K., Hussain-Shamsy, N., Brown, H. K., de Oliveira, C., . . . Dennis, C.-L. (2021). Mother matters: Pilot randomized wait‐list controlled trial of an online therapist‐facilitated discussion board and support group for postpartum depression symptoms. Depress Anxiety, 38(8), 816-825. doi:10.1002/da.23163"
        }
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abujilban, 2024",
          "ref": "Abujilban, S., Al-Omari, H., Issa, E., Alhamdan, A., Al-Nabulsi, L., Mrayan, L., . . . Kernohan, W. G. (2024). Effectiveness of Telephone-Based Interpersonal Psychotherapy on Antenatal Depressive Symptoms: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial in The Kingdom of Jordan. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 30(3), 635-645. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/10783903231171595"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alhusen, 2021",
          "ref": "Alhusen, J. L., Hayat, M. J., & Borg, L. (2021, Feb). A pilot study of a group-based perinatal depression intervention on reducing depressive symptoms and improving maternal-fetal attachment and maternal sensitivity. Arch Womens Ment Health, 24(1), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-020-01032-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Amani, 2021",
          "ref": "Amani, B., Merza, D., Savoy, C., Streiner, D., Bieling, P., Ferro, M. A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2021, Nov 9). Peer-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Psychiatry, 83(1). https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.21m13928"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Babiy, 2024",
          "ref": "Babiy, Z., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Xie, F., Brown, J. S. L., Bieling, P. J., . . . Van Lieshout, R. J. (2024). One-Day Peer-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 93(2), 129-140. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000536040"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bengtson, 2023",
          "ref": "Bengtson AM, Filipowicz TR, Mphonda S, Udedi M, Kulisewa K, Meltzer-Brody S, et al. An Intervention to Improve Mental Health and HIV Care Engagement Among Perinatal Women in Malawi: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. AIDS and behavior. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Burns, 2013",
          "ref": "Burns A, O'Mahen H, Baxter H, Bennert K, Wiles N, Ramchandani P, et al. A pilot randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for antenatal depression. BMC psychiatry. 2013;13:33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cooper, 2003",
          "ref": "Cooper PJ, Murray L, Wilson A, Romaniuk H. Controlled trial of the short- and long-term effect of psychological treatment of post-partum depression. I. Impact on maternal mood. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;182(5):412-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dennis, 2020",
          "ref": "Dennis CL, Grigoriadis S, Zupancic J, Kiss A, Ravitz P. Telephone-based nurse-delivered interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression: nationwide randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2020;216(4):189-196."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonseca, 2020",
          "ref": "Fonseca A, Alves S, Monteiro F, Gorayeb R, Canavarro MC. Be a Mom, a Web-Based Intervention to Prevent Postpartum Depression: Results From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behav Ther. 2020;51(4):616-633."
        },
        {
          "study": "Forsell, 2017",
          "ref": "Forsell E, Bendix M, Holländare F, et al. Internet delivered cognitive behavior therapy for antenatal depression: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders 2017; 221: 56-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Goodman, 2015",
          "ref": "Goodman JH, Prager J, Goldstein R, Freeman M. Perinatal Dyadic Psychotherapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2015;18(3):493-506."
        },
        {
          "study": "Grote, 2009",
          "ref": "Grote NK, Swartz HA, Geibel SL, Zuckoff A, Houck PR, Frank E. A randomized controlled trial of culturally relevant, brief interpersonal psychotherapy for perinatal depression. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(3):313-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gureje, 2022",
          "ref": "Gureje, O., Oladeji, B. D., Kola, L., Bello, T., Ayinde, O., Faregh, N., . . . Zelkowitz, P. (2022). Effect of intervention delivered by frontline maternal care providers to improve outcome and parenting skills among adolescents with perinatal depression in Nigeria (the RAPiD study): A cluster randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord, 312, 169-176. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.032"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hamilton, 2020",
          "ref": "Hamilton J, Saxon D, Best E, Glover V, Walters SJ, Kerr IB. A randomised, controlled pilot study of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) for stressed pregnant women with underlying anxiety and depression in a routine health service setting. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy. 2020."
        },
        {
          "study": "Honey, 2002",
          "ref": "Honey KL, Bennett P, Morgan M. A brief psycho‐educational group intervention for postnatal depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2002;41(4):405-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hou, 2014",
          "ref": "Hou Y, Hu P, Zhang Y, Lu Q, Wang D, Yin L, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy in combination with systemic family therapy improves mild to moderate postpartum depression. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. 2014;36(1):47-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huh, 2023",
          "ref": "Huh, K., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Ferro, M. A., Bieling, P. J., Hicks, A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2023). Online Public Health Nurse-Delivered Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Psychiatry, 84(5)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hulsbosch, 2023",
          "ref": "Hulsbosch, L. P., Potharst, E. S., Schwabe, I., Boekhorst, M. G. B. M., Pop, V. J. M., & Nyklíček, I. (2023). Online mindfulness-based intervention for women with pregnancy distress: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 332, 262-272. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.009"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2017",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Zulqernain, F., Carter, L.-A., Chaudhry, I., Fatima, B., Kiran, T., . . . Rahman, A. (2017). Treatment of maternal depression in urban slums of Karachi, Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an integrated maternal psychological and early child development intervention. Asian journal of psychiatry, 29, 63-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021a",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Fatima, B., Chaudhry, I. B., Husain, M., Shah, S., Bassett, P., Cohen, N., Jafri, F., Naeem, S., Zadeh, Z., Roberts, C., Rahman, A., Naeem, F., Husain, M. I., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). An integrated parenting intervention for maternal depression and child development in a low-resource setting: Cluster randomized controlled trial [Article]. Depress Anxiety, 38(9), 925-939. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23169"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021b",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Shah, S., Rahman, A., Raza Ur, R., Saeed, Q., Naeem, S., Bassett, P., Husain, M., Haq, S. U., Jaffery, F., Cohen, N., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). Efficacy of learning through play plus intervention to reduce maternal depression in women with malnourished children: A randomized controlled trial from Pakistan(✰). J Affect Disord, 278, 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2023",
          "ref": "Husain N, Lunat F, Lovell K, Sharma D, Zaidi N, Bokhari A, et al. Exploratory RCT of a group psychological intervention for postnatal depression in British mothers of South Asian origin - ROSHNI-D. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2023;238:103974."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jesse, 2015",
          "ref": "Jesse DE, Gaynes BN, Feldhousen EB, Newton ER, Bunch S, Hollon SD. Performance of a culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention integrated in a public health setting to reduce risk of antepartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2015;60(5):578-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2014",
          "ref": "Jiang L, Wang ZZ, Qiu LR, Wan GB, Lin Y, Wei Z. Psychological intervention for postpartum depression. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology: Medical sciences. 2014;34(3):437-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lenze, 2017",
          "ref": "Lenze, S., & Potts, M. (2017). Brief Interpersonal Psychotherapy for depression during pregnancy in a low-income population: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 210, 151-157."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2013",
          "ref": "Leung SS, Lee AM, Chiang VC, Lam SK, Kuen YW, Wong DF. Culturally sensitive, preventive antenatal group cognitive-behavioural therapy for Chinese women with depression. Internationan Journal of Nursing Practice. 2013;19(Supp 1):28-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2016",
          "ref": "Leung S, Lee A, Wong D, Wong C, Leung K, Chiang V, et al. A brief group intervention using a cognitive-behavioural approach to reduce postnatal depressive symptoms: A randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Medical Journal. 2016;22(1 Supplement 2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Liu, 2021",
          "ref": "Liu, H., & Yang, Y. (2021). Effects of a psychological nursing intervention on prevention of anxiety and depression in the postpartum period: a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Annals of General Psychiatry, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00320-4"
        },
        {
          "study": "Merza, 2023",
          "ref": "Merza D, Amani B, Savoy C, Babiy Z, Bieling PJ, Streiner DL, et al. Online peer‐delivered group cognitive‐behavioral therapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mulcahy, 2010",
          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ngai, 2015",
          "ref": "Ngai FW, Wong P-C, Leung KY, Chau PH, Chung KF. The effect of telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on postnatal depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(5):294-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Mahen, 2013",
          "ref": "O'Mahen HA, Woodford J, McGinley J, Warren FC, Richards DA, Lynch TR, et al. Internet-based behavioral activation--treatment for postnatal depression (Netmums): A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;150(3):814-22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prabhu, 2025",
          "ref": "Prabhu S, George LS, Guruvare S, Noronha JA, Jose TT, Nayak BS, et al. Effectiveness of psychosocial education program on postnatal depression, stress, and perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy among pregnant women in South India. Patient Education and Counseling. 2025;130."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prendergast, 2001",
          "ref": "Prendergast J, Austin MP. Early childhood nurse-delivered cognitive behavioural counselling for post-natal depression. Australasian Psychiatry. 2001;9(3):255-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Psaros, 2022",
          "ref": "Psaros, C., Stanton, A. M., Raggio, G. A., Mosery, N., Goodman, G. R., Briggs, E. S., . . . Safren, S. A. (2022). Optimizing PMTCT Adherence by Treating Depression in Perinatal Women with HIV in South Africa: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of behavioral medicine. doi:10.1007/s12529-022-10071-z"
        },
        {
          "study": "Puckering, 2010",
          "ref": "Puckering C, McIntosh E, Hickey A, Longford J. Mellow Babies: A group intervention for infants and mothers experiencing postnatal depression. Counselling Psychology Review. 2010;25(1):28-38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pugh, 2016",
          "ref": "Pugh, N. E., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Dirkse, D. (2016). A Randomised Controlled Trial of Therapist-Assisted, Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Women with Maternal Depression. PLoS ONE, 11(3), e0149186."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Seo, 2022",
          "ref": "Seo, J. M., Kim, S. J., Na, H., Kim, J. H., & Lee, H. (2022). Effectiveness of a Mobile Application for Postpartum Depression Self-Management: Evidence from a Randomised Controlled Trial in South Korea. Healthcare (Basel), 10(11). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/healthcare10112185"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2021",
          "ref": "Sun, Y., et al. (2021). \"Effectiveness of Smartphone-Based Mindfulness Training on Maternal Perinatal Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(1): e23410."
        },
        {
          "study": "Trevillion, 2020",
          "ref": "Trevillion K, Ryan EG, Pickles A, et al. An exploratory parallel-group randomised controlled trial of antenatal Guided Self-Help (plus usual care) versus usual care alone for pregnant women with depression: DAWN trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020;261:187-197."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Horne, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Horne, B. S., Nong, Y. H., Cain, C. M., Sampson, M., Greeley, C. S., & Puryear, L. (2022). A promising new model of care for postpartum depression: A randomised controlled trial of a brief home visitation program conducted in Houston, Texas, USA. Health Soc Care Community, 30(5), e2203-e2213. doi:10.1111/hsc.13658"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2021",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Brown, J. S. L., Ferro, M. A., Streiner, D. L., . . . Hanna, S. (2021). Effect of Online 1-Day Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops Plus Usual Care vs Usual Care Alone for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(11), 1200-1207. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2488"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Haber, E., Feller, A., Biscaro, A., . . . Ferro, M. A. (2022). Public Health Nurse-delivered Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Can J Psychiatry, 67(6), 432-440. doi:10.1177/07067437221074426"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2023",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout RJ, Layton H, Savoy CD, Xie F, Brown JSL, Huh K, et al. In-person 1-day cognitive behavioral therapy-based workshops for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2023;53(14):6888-98."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vigod, 2021",
          "ref": "Vigod, S. N., Slyfield Cook, G., Macdonald, K., Hussain-Shamsy, N., Brown, H. K., de Oliveira, C., . . . Dennis, C.-L. (2021). Mother matters: Pilot randomized wait‐list controlled trial of an online therapist‐facilitated discussion board and support group for postpartum depression symptoms. Depress Anxiety, 38(8), 816-825. doi:10.1002/da.23163"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2019",
          "ref": "Zhao, Y., Munro-Kramer, M. L., Shi, S., Wang, J., & Zhao, Q. (2019). Effects of antenatal depression screening and intervention among Chinese high-risk pregnant women with medically defined complications: A randomized controlled trial. Early intervention in psychiatry, 13(5), 1090-1098. doi:10.1111/eip.12731"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abujilban, 2024",
          "ref": "Abujilban, S., Al-Omari, H., Issa, E., Alhamdan, A., Al-Nabulsi, L., Mrayan, L., . . . Kernohan, W. G. (2024). Effectiveness of Telephone-Based Interpersonal Psychotherapy on Antenatal Depressive Symptoms: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial in The Kingdom of Jordan. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 30(3), 635-645. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/10783903231171595"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alhusen, 2021",
          "ref": "Alhusen, J. L., Hayat, M. J., & Borg, L. (2021, Feb). A pilot study of a group-based perinatal depression intervention on reducing depressive symptoms and improving maternal-fetal attachment and maternal sensitivity. Arch Womens Ment Health, 24(1), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-020-01032-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bengtson, 2023",
          "ref": "Bengtson AM, Filipowicz TR, Mphonda S, Udedi M, Kulisewa K, Meltzer-Brody S, et al. An Intervention to Improve Mental Health and HIV Care Engagement Among Perinatal Women in Malawi: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. AIDS and behavior. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Burns, 2013",
          "ref": "Burns A, O'Mahen H, Baxter H, Bennert K, Wiles N, Ramchandani P, et al. A pilot randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for antenatal depression. BMC psychiatry. 2013;13:33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cooper, 2003",
          "ref": "Cooper PJ, Murray L, Wilson A, Romaniuk H. Controlled trial of the short- and long-term effect of psychological treatment of post-partum depression. I. Impact on maternal mood. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;182(5):412-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Goodman, 2015",
          "ref": "Goodman JH, Prager J, Goldstein R, Freeman M. Perinatal Dyadic Psychotherapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2015;18(3):493-506."
        },
        {
          "study": "Grote, 2009",
          "ref": "Grote NK, Swartz HA, Geibel SL, Zuckoff A, Houck PR, Frank E. A randomized controlled trial of culturally relevant, brief interpersonal psychotherapy for perinatal depression. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(3):313-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gureje, 2022",
          "ref": "Gureje, O., Oladeji, B. D., Kola, L., Bello, T., Ayinde, O., Faregh, N., . . . Zelkowitz, P. (2022). Effect of intervention delivered by frontline maternal care providers to improve outcome and parenting skills among adolescents with perinatal depression in Nigeria (the RAPiD study): A cluster randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord, 312, 169-176. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.032"
        },
        {
          "study": "Honey, 2002",
          "ref": "Honey KL, Bennett P, Morgan M. A brief psycho‐educational group intervention for postnatal depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2002;41(4):405-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hou, 2014",
          "ref": "Hou Y, Hu P, Zhang Y, Lu Q, Wang D, Yin L, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy in combination with systemic family therapy improves mild to moderate postpartum depression. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. 2014;36(1):47-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2017",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Zulqernain, F., Carter, L.-A., Chaudhry, I., Fatima, B., Kiran, T., . . . Rahman, A. (2017). Treatment of maternal depression in urban slums of Karachi, Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an integrated maternal psychological and early child development intervention. Asian journal of psychiatry, 29, 63-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021a",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Fatima, B., Chaudhry, I. B., Husain, M., Shah, S., Bassett, P., Cohen, N., Jafri, F., Naeem, S., Zadeh, Z., Roberts, C., Rahman, A., Naeem, F., Husain, M. I., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). An integrated parenting intervention for maternal depression and child development in a low-resource setting: Cluster randomized controlled trial [Article]. Depress Anxiety, 38(9), 925-939. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23169"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021b",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Shah, S., Rahman, A., Raza Ur, R., Saeed, Q., Naeem, S., Bassett, P., Husain, M., Haq, S. U., Jaffery, F., Cohen, N., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). Efficacy of learning through play plus intervention to reduce maternal depression in women with malnourished children: A randomized controlled trial from Pakistan(✰). J Affect Disord, 278, 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jesse, 2015",
          "ref": "Jesse DE, Gaynes BN, Feldhousen EB, Newton ER, Bunch S, Hollon SD. Performance of a culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention integrated in a public health setting to reduce risk of antepartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2015;60(5):578-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2014",
          "ref": "Jiang L, Wang ZZ, Qiu LR, Wan GB, Lin Y, Wei Z. Psychological intervention for postpartum depression. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology: Medical sciences. 2014;34(3):437-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2013",
          "ref": "Leung SS, Lee AM, Chiang VC, Lam SK, Kuen YW, Wong DF. Culturally sensitive, preventive antenatal group cognitive-behavioural therapy for Chinese women with depression. Internationan Journal of Nursing Practice. 2013;19(Supp 1):28-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2016",
          "ref": "Leung S, Lee A, Wong D, Wong C, Leung K, Chiang V, et al. A brief group intervention using a cognitive-behavioural approach to reduce postnatal depressive symptoms: A randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Medical Journal. 2016;22(1 Supplement 2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Liu, 2021",
          "ref": "Liu, H., & Yang, Y. (2021). Effects of a psychological nursing intervention on prevention of anxiety and depression in the postpartum period: a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Annals of General Psychiatry, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00320-4"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ngai, 2015",
          "ref": "Ngai FW, Wong P-C, Leung KY, Chau PH, Chung KF. The effect of telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on postnatal depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(5):294-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prabhu, 2025",
          "ref": "Prabhu S, George LS, Guruvare S, Noronha JA, Jose TT, Nayak BS, et al. Effectiveness of psychosocial education program on postnatal depression, stress, and perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy among pregnant women in South India. Patient Education and Counseling. 2025;130."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prendergast, 2001",
          "ref": "Prendergast J, Austin MP. Early childhood nurse-delivered cognitive behavioural counselling for post-natal depression. Australasian Psychiatry. 2001;9(3):255-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Psaros, 2022",
          "ref": "Psaros, C., Stanton, A. M., Raggio, G. A., Mosery, N., Goodman, G. R., Briggs, E. S., . . . Safren, S. A. (2022). Optimizing PMTCT Adherence by Treating Depression in Perinatal Women with HIV in South Africa: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of behavioral medicine. doi:10.1007/s12529-022-10071-z"
        },
        {
          "study": "Puckering, 2010",
          "ref": "Puckering C, McIntosh E, Hickey A, Longford J. Mellow Babies: A group intervention for infants and mothers experiencing postnatal depression. Counselling Psychology Review. 2010;25(1):28-38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2021",
          "ref": "Sun, Y., et al. (2021). \"Effectiveness of Smartphone-Based Mindfulness Training on Maternal Perinatal Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(1): e23410."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Horne, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Horne, B. S., Nong, Y. H., Cain, C. M., Sampson, M., Greeley, C. S., & Puryear, L. (2022). A promising new model of care for postpartum depression: A randomised controlled trial of a brief home visitation program conducted in Houston, Texas, USA. Health Soc Care Community, 30(5), e2203-e2213. doi:10.1111/hsc.13658"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2019",
          "ref": "Zhao, Y., Munro-Kramer, M. L., Shi, S., Wang, J., & Zhao, Q. (2019). Effects of antenatal depression screening and intervention among Chinese high-risk pregnant women with medically defined complications: A randomized controlled trial. Early intervention in psychiatry, 13(5), 1090-1098. doi:10.1111/eip.12731"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 572,
      "instr": "EPDS",
      "full": "Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Recruitment",
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      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 49,
      "k_es": 52,
      "sd": 4.663,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abujilban, 2024",
          "ref": "Abujilban, S., Al-Omari, H., Issa, E., Alhamdan, A., Al-Nabulsi, L., Mrayan, L., . . . Kernohan, W. G. (2024). Effectiveness of Telephone-Based Interpersonal Psychotherapy on Antenatal Depressive Symptoms: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial in The Kingdom of Jordan. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 30(3), 635-645. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/10783903231171595"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alhusen, 2021",
          "ref": "Alhusen, J. L., Hayat, M. J., & Borg, L. (2021, Feb). A pilot study of a group-based perinatal depression intervention on reducing depressive symptoms and improving maternal-fetal attachment and maternal sensitivity. Arch Womens Ment Health, 24(1), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-020-01032-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Amani, 2021",
          "ref": "Amani, B., Merza, D., Savoy, C., Streiner, D., Bieling, P., Ferro, M. A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2021, Nov 9). Peer-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Psychiatry, 83(1). https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.21m13928"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Babiy, 2024",
          "ref": "Babiy, Z., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Xie, F., Brown, J. S. L., Bieling, P. J., . . . Van Lieshout, R. J. (2024). One-Day Peer-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 93(2), 129-140. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000536040"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bengtson, 2023",
          "ref": "Bengtson AM, Filipowicz TR, Mphonda S, Udedi M, Kulisewa K, Meltzer-Brody S, et al. An Intervention to Improve Mental Health and HIV Care Engagement Among Perinatal Women in Malawi: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. AIDS and behavior. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Burns, 2013",
          "ref": "Burns A, O'Mahen H, Baxter H, Bennert K, Wiles N, Ramchandani P, et al. A pilot randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for antenatal depression. BMC psychiatry. 2013;13:33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cooper, 2003",
          "ref": "Cooper PJ, Murray L, Wilson A, Romaniuk H. Controlled trial of the short- and long-term effect of psychological treatment of post-partum depression. I. Impact on maternal mood. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;182(5):412-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dennis, 2020",
          "ref": "Dennis CL, Grigoriadis S, Zupancic J, Kiss A, Ravitz P. Telephone-based nurse-delivered interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression: nationwide randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2020;216(4):189-196."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonseca, 2020",
          "ref": "Fonseca A, Alves S, Monteiro F, Gorayeb R, Canavarro MC. Be a Mom, a Web-Based Intervention to Prevent Postpartum Depression: Results From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behav Ther. 2020;51(4):616-633."
        },
        {
          "study": "Forsell, 2017",
          "ref": "Forsell E, Bendix M, Holländare F, et al. Internet delivered cognitive behavior therapy for antenatal depression: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders 2017; 221: 56-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Goodman, 2015",
          "ref": "Goodman JH, Prager J, Goldstein R, Freeman M. Perinatal Dyadic Psychotherapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2015;18(3):493-506."
        },
        {
          "study": "Grote, 2009",
          "ref": "Grote NK, Swartz HA, Geibel SL, Zuckoff A, Houck PR, Frank E. A randomized controlled trial of culturally relevant, brief interpersonal psychotherapy for perinatal depression. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(3):313-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gureje, 2022",
          "ref": "Gureje, O., Oladeji, B. D., Kola, L., Bello, T., Ayinde, O., Faregh, N., . . . Zelkowitz, P. (2022). Effect of intervention delivered by frontline maternal care providers to improve outcome and parenting skills among adolescents with perinatal depression in Nigeria (the RAPiD study): A cluster randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord, 312, 169-176. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.032"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hamilton, 2020",
          "ref": "Hamilton J, Saxon D, Best E, Glover V, Walters SJ, Kerr IB. A randomised, controlled pilot study of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) for stressed pregnant women with underlying anxiety and depression in a routine health service setting. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy. 2020."
        },
        {
          "study": "Honey, 2002",
          "ref": "Honey KL, Bennett P, Morgan M. A brief psycho‐educational group intervention for postnatal depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2002;41(4):405-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hou, 2014",
          "ref": "Hou Y, Hu P, Zhang Y, Lu Q, Wang D, Yin L, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy in combination with systemic family therapy improves mild to moderate postpartum depression. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. 2014;36(1):47-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huh, 2023",
          "ref": "Huh, K., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Ferro, M. A., Bieling, P. J., Hicks, A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2023). Online Public Health Nurse-Delivered Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Psychiatry, 84(5)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hulsbosch, 2023",
          "ref": "Hulsbosch, L. P., Potharst, E. S., Schwabe, I., Boekhorst, M. G. B. M., Pop, V. J. M., & Nyklíček, I. (2023). Online mindfulness-based intervention for women with pregnancy distress: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 332, 262-272. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.009"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2017",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Zulqernain, F., Carter, L.-A., Chaudhry, I., Fatima, B., Kiran, T., . . . Rahman, A. (2017). Treatment of maternal depression in urban slums of Karachi, Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an integrated maternal psychological and early child development intervention. Asian journal of psychiatry, 29, 63-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021a",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Fatima, B., Chaudhry, I. B., Husain, M., Shah, S., Bassett, P., Cohen, N., Jafri, F., Naeem, S., Zadeh, Z., Roberts, C., Rahman, A., Naeem, F., Husain, M. I., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). An integrated parenting intervention for maternal depression and child development in a low-resource setting: Cluster randomized controlled trial [Article]. Depress Anxiety, 38(9), 925-939. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23169"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021b",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Shah, S., Rahman, A., Raza Ur, R., Saeed, Q., Naeem, S., Bassett, P., Husain, M., Haq, S. U., Jaffery, F., Cohen, N., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). Efficacy of learning through play plus intervention to reduce maternal depression in women with malnourished children: A randomized controlled trial from Pakistan(✰). J Affect Disord, 278, 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2023",
          "ref": "Husain N, Lunat F, Lovell K, Sharma D, Zaidi N, Bokhari A, et al. Exploratory RCT of a group psychological intervention for postnatal depression in British mothers of South Asian origin - ROSHNI-D. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2023;238:103974."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jesse, 2015",
          "ref": "Jesse DE, Gaynes BN, Feldhousen EB, Newton ER, Bunch S, Hollon SD. Performance of a culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention integrated in a public health setting to reduce risk of antepartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2015;60(5):578-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2014",
          "ref": "Jiang L, Wang ZZ, Qiu LR, Wan GB, Lin Y, Wei Z. Psychological intervention for postpartum depression. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology: Medical sciences. 2014;34(3):437-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lenze, 2017",
          "ref": "Lenze, S., & Potts, M. (2017). Brief Interpersonal Psychotherapy for depression during pregnancy in a low-income population: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 210, 151-157."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2013",
          "ref": "Leung SS, Lee AM, Chiang VC, Lam SK, Kuen YW, Wong DF. Culturally sensitive, preventive antenatal group cognitive-behavioural therapy for Chinese women with depression. Internationan Journal of Nursing Practice. 2013;19(Supp 1):28-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2016",
          "ref": "Leung S, Lee A, Wong D, Wong C, Leung K, Chiang V, et al. A brief group intervention using a cognitive-behavioural approach to reduce postnatal depressive symptoms: A randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Medical Journal. 2016;22(1 Supplement 2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Liu, 2021",
          "ref": "Liu, H., & Yang, Y. (2021). Effects of a psychological nursing intervention on prevention of anxiety and depression in the postpartum period: a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Annals of General Psychiatry, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00320-4"
        },
        {
          "study": "Merza, 2023",
          "ref": "Merza D, Amani B, Savoy C, Babiy Z, Bieling PJ, Streiner DL, et al. Online peer‐delivered group cognitive‐behavioral therapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mulcahy, 2010",
          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ngai, 2015",
          "ref": "Ngai FW, Wong P-C, Leung KY, Chau PH, Chung KF. The effect of telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on postnatal depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(5):294-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Mahen, 2013",
          "ref": "O'Mahen HA, Woodford J, McGinley J, Warren FC, Richards DA, Lynch TR, et al. Internet-based behavioral activation--treatment for postnatal depression (Netmums): A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;150(3):814-22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prabhu, 2025",
          "ref": "Prabhu S, George LS, Guruvare S, Noronha JA, Jose TT, Nayak BS, et al. Effectiveness of psychosocial education program on postnatal depression, stress, and perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy among pregnant women in South India. Patient Education and Counseling. 2025;130."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prendergast, 2001",
          "ref": "Prendergast J, Austin MP. Early childhood nurse-delivered cognitive behavioural counselling for post-natal depression. Australasian Psychiatry. 2001;9(3):255-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Psaros, 2022",
          "ref": "Psaros, C., Stanton, A. M., Raggio, G. A., Mosery, N., Goodman, G. R., Briggs, E. S., . . . Safren, S. A. (2022). Optimizing PMTCT Adherence by Treating Depression in Perinatal Women with HIV in South Africa: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of behavioral medicine. doi:10.1007/s12529-022-10071-z"
        },
        {
          "study": "Puckering, 2010",
          "ref": "Puckering C, McIntosh E, Hickey A, Longford J. Mellow Babies: A group intervention for infants and mothers experiencing postnatal depression. Counselling Psychology Review. 2010;25(1):28-38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pugh, 2016",
          "ref": "Pugh, N. E., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Dirkse, D. (2016). A Randomised Controlled Trial of Therapist-Assisted, Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Women with Maternal Depression. PLoS ONE, 11(3), e0149186."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Seo, 2022",
          "ref": "Seo, J. M., Kim, S. J., Na, H., Kim, J. H., & Lee, H. (2022). Effectiveness of a Mobile Application for Postpartum Depression Self-Management: Evidence from a Randomised Controlled Trial in South Korea. Healthcare (Basel), 10(11). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/healthcare10112185"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2021",
          "ref": "Sun, Y., et al. (2021). \"Effectiveness of Smartphone-Based Mindfulness Training on Maternal Perinatal Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(1): e23410."
        },
        {
          "study": "Trevillion, 2020",
          "ref": "Trevillion K, Ryan EG, Pickles A, et al. An exploratory parallel-group randomised controlled trial of antenatal Guided Self-Help (plus usual care) versus usual care alone for pregnant women with depression: DAWN trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020;261:187-197."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Horne, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Horne, B. S., Nong, Y. H., Cain, C. M., Sampson, M., Greeley, C. S., & Puryear, L. (2022). A promising new model of care for postpartum depression: A randomised controlled trial of a brief home visitation program conducted in Houston, Texas, USA. Health Soc Care Community, 30(5), e2203-e2213. doi:10.1111/hsc.13658"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2021",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Brown, J. S. L., Ferro, M. A., Streiner, D. L., . . . Hanna, S. (2021). Effect of Online 1-Day Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops Plus Usual Care vs Usual Care Alone for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(11), 1200-1207. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2488"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Haber, E., Feller, A., Biscaro, A., . . . Ferro, M. A. (2022). Public Health Nurse-delivered Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Can J Psychiatry, 67(6), 432-440. doi:10.1177/07067437221074426"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2023",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout RJ, Layton H, Savoy CD, Xie F, Brown JSL, Huh K, et al. In-person 1-day cognitive behavioral therapy-based workshops for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2023;53(14):6888-98."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vigod, 2021",
          "ref": "Vigod, S. N., Slyfield Cook, G., Macdonald, K., Hussain-Shamsy, N., Brown, H. K., de Oliveira, C., . . . Dennis, C.-L. (2021). Mother matters: Pilot randomized wait‐list controlled trial of an online therapist‐facilitated discussion board and support group for postpartum depression symptoms. Depress Anxiety, 38(8), 816-825. doi:10.1002/da.23163"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2019",
          "ref": "Zhao, Y., Munro-Kramer, M. L., Shi, S., Wang, J., & Zhao, Q. (2019). Effects of antenatal depression screening and intervention among Chinese high-risk pregnant women with medically defined complications: A randomized controlled trial. Early intervention in psychiatry, 13(5), 1090-1098. doi:10.1111/eip.12731"
        }
      ]
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        {
          "study": "Babiy, 2024",
          "ref": "Babiy, Z., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Xie, F., Brown, J. S. L., Bieling, P. J., . . . Van Lieshout, R. J. (2024). One-Day Peer-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 93(2), 129-140. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000536040"
        },
        {
          "study": "Burns, 2013",
          "ref": "Burns A, O'Mahen H, Baxter H, Bennert K, Wiles N, Ramchandani P, et al. A pilot randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for antenatal depression. BMC psychiatry. 2013;13:33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cooper, 2003",
          "ref": "Cooper PJ, Murray L, Wilson A, Romaniuk H. Controlled trial of the short- and long-term effect of psychological treatment of post-partum depression. I. Impact on maternal mood. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;182(5):412-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonseca, 2020",
          "ref": "Fonseca A, Alves S, Monteiro F, Gorayeb R, Canavarro MC. Be a Mom, a Web-Based Intervention to Prevent Postpartum Depression: Results From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behav Ther. 2020;51(4):616-633."
        },
        {
          "study": "Forsell, 2017",
          "ref": "Forsell E, Bendix M, Holländare F, et al. Internet delivered cognitive behavior therapy for antenatal depression: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders 2017; 221: 56-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gureje, 2022",
          "ref": "Gureje, O., Oladeji, B. D., Kola, L., Bello, T., Ayinde, O., Faregh, N., . . . Zelkowitz, P. (2022). Effect of intervention delivered by frontline maternal care providers to improve outcome and parenting skills among adolescents with perinatal depression in Nigeria (the RAPiD study): A cluster randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord, 312, 169-176. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.032"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hulsbosch, 2023",
          "ref": "Hulsbosch, L. P., Potharst, E. S., Schwabe, I., Boekhorst, M. G. B. M., Pop, V. J. M., & Nyklíček, I. (2023). Online mindfulness-based intervention for women with pregnancy distress: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 332, 262-272. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.009"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2023",
          "ref": "Husain N, Lunat F, Lovell K, Sharma D, Zaidi N, Bokhari A, et al. Exploratory RCT of a group psychological intervention for postnatal depression in British mothers of South Asian origin - ROSHNI-D. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2023;238:103974."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lenze, 2017",
          "ref": "Lenze, S., & Potts, M. (2017). Brief Interpersonal Psychotherapy for depression during pregnancy in a low-income population: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 210, 151-157."
        },
        {
          "study": "Merza, 2023",
          "ref": "Merza D, Amani B, Savoy C, Babiy Z, Bieling PJ, Streiner DL, et al. Online peer‐delivered group cognitive‐behavioral therapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ngai, 2015",
          "ref": "Ngai FW, Wong P-C, Leung KY, Chau PH, Chung KF. The effect of telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on postnatal depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(5):294-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Mahen, 2013",
          "ref": "O'Mahen HA, Woodford J, McGinley J, Warren FC, Richards DA, Lynch TR, et al. Internet-based behavioral activation--treatment for postnatal depression (Netmums): A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;150(3):814-22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2021",
          "ref": "Sun, Y., et al. (2021). \"Effectiveness of Smartphone-Based Mindfulness Training on Maternal Perinatal Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(1): e23410."
        },
        {
          "study": "Trevillion, 2020",
          "ref": "Trevillion K, Ryan EG, Pickles A, et al. An exploratory parallel-group randomised controlled trial of antenatal Guided Self-Help (plus usual care) versus usual care alone for pregnant women with depression: DAWN trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020;261:187-197."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2021",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Brown, J. S. L., Ferro, M. A., Streiner, D. L., . . . Hanna, S. (2021). Effect of Online 1-Day Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops Plus Usual Care vs Usual Care Alone for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(11), 1200-1207. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2488"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Haber, E., Feller, A., Biscaro, A., . . . Ferro, M. A. (2022). Public Health Nurse-delivered Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Can J Psychiatry, 67(6), 432-440. doi:10.1177/07067437221074426"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2023",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout RJ, Layton H, Savoy CD, Xie F, Brown JSL, Huh K, et al. In-person 1-day cognitive behavioral therapy-based workshops for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2023;53(14):6888-98."
        }
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    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abujilban, 2024",
          "ref": "Abujilban, S., Al-Omari, H., Issa, E., Alhamdan, A., Al-Nabulsi, L., Mrayan, L., . . . Kernohan, W. G. (2024). Effectiveness of Telephone-Based Interpersonal Psychotherapy on Antenatal Depressive Symptoms: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial in The Kingdom of Jordan. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 30(3), 635-645. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/10783903231171595"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alhusen, 2021",
          "ref": "Alhusen, J. L., Hayat, M. J., & Borg, L. (2021, Feb). A pilot study of a group-based perinatal depression intervention on reducing depressive symptoms and improving maternal-fetal attachment and maternal sensitivity. Arch Womens Ment Health, 24(1), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-020-01032-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Amani, 2021",
          "ref": "Amani, B., Merza, D., Savoy, C., Streiner, D., Bieling, P., Ferro, M. A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2021, Nov 9). Peer-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Psychiatry, 83(1). https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.21m13928"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Babiy, 2024",
          "ref": "Babiy, Z., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Xie, F., Brown, J. S. L., Bieling, P. J., . . . Van Lieshout, R. J. (2024). One-Day Peer-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 93(2), 129-140. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000536040"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bengtson, 2023",
          "ref": "Bengtson AM, Filipowicz TR, Mphonda S, Udedi M, Kulisewa K, Meltzer-Brody S, et al. An Intervention to Improve Mental Health and HIV Care Engagement Among Perinatal Women in Malawi: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. AIDS and behavior. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Burns, 2013",
          "ref": "Burns A, O'Mahen H, Baxter H, Bennert K, Wiles N, Ramchandani P, et al. A pilot randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for antenatal depression. BMC psychiatry. 2013;13:33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cooper, 2003",
          "ref": "Cooper PJ, Murray L, Wilson A, Romaniuk H. Controlled trial of the short- and long-term effect of psychological treatment of post-partum depression. I. Impact on maternal mood. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;182(5):412-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dennis, 2020",
          "ref": "Dennis CL, Grigoriadis S, Zupancic J, Kiss A, Ravitz P. Telephone-based nurse-delivered interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression: nationwide randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2020;216(4):189-196."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonseca, 2020",
          "ref": "Fonseca A, Alves S, Monteiro F, Gorayeb R, Canavarro MC. Be a Mom, a Web-Based Intervention to Prevent Postpartum Depression: Results From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behav Ther. 2020;51(4):616-633."
        },
        {
          "study": "Forsell, 2017",
          "ref": "Forsell E, Bendix M, Holländare F, et al. Internet delivered cognitive behavior therapy for antenatal depression: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders 2017; 221: 56-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Goodman, 2015",
          "ref": "Goodman JH, Prager J, Goldstein R, Freeman M. Perinatal Dyadic Psychotherapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2015;18(3):493-506."
        },
        {
          "study": "Grote, 2009",
          "ref": "Grote NK, Swartz HA, Geibel SL, Zuckoff A, Houck PR, Frank E. A randomized controlled trial of culturally relevant, brief interpersonal psychotherapy for perinatal depression. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(3):313-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gureje, 2022",
          "ref": "Gureje, O., Oladeji, B. D., Kola, L., Bello, T., Ayinde, O., Faregh, N., . . . Zelkowitz, P. (2022). Effect of intervention delivered by frontline maternal care providers to improve outcome and parenting skills among adolescents with perinatal depression in Nigeria (the RAPiD study): A cluster randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord, 312, 169-176. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.032"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hamilton, 2020",
          "ref": "Hamilton J, Saxon D, Best E, Glover V, Walters SJ, Kerr IB. A randomised, controlled pilot study of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) for stressed pregnant women with underlying anxiety and depression in a routine health service setting. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy. 2020."
        },
        {
          "study": "Honey, 2002",
          "ref": "Honey KL, Bennett P, Morgan M. A brief psycho‐educational group intervention for postnatal depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2002;41(4):405-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hou, 2014",
          "ref": "Hou Y, Hu P, Zhang Y, Lu Q, Wang D, Yin L, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy in combination with systemic family therapy improves mild to moderate postpartum depression. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. 2014;36(1):47-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huh, 2023",
          "ref": "Huh, K., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Ferro, M. A., Bieling, P. J., Hicks, A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2023). Online Public Health Nurse-Delivered Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Psychiatry, 84(5)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hulsbosch, 2023",
          "ref": "Hulsbosch, L. P., Potharst, E. S., Schwabe, I., Boekhorst, M. G. B. M., Pop, V. J. M., & Nyklíček, I. (2023). Online mindfulness-based intervention for women with pregnancy distress: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 332, 262-272. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.009"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2017",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Zulqernain, F., Carter, L.-A., Chaudhry, I., Fatima, B., Kiran, T., . . . Rahman, A. (2017). Treatment of maternal depression in urban slums of Karachi, Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an integrated maternal psychological and early child development intervention. Asian journal of psychiatry, 29, 63-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021a",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Fatima, B., Chaudhry, I. B., Husain, M., Shah, S., Bassett, P., Cohen, N., Jafri, F., Naeem, S., Zadeh, Z., Roberts, C., Rahman, A., Naeem, F., Husain, M. I., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). An integrated parenting intervention for maternal depression and child development in a low-resource setting: Cluster randomized controlled trial [Article]. Depress Anxiety, 38(9), 925-939. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23169"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021b",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Shah, S., Rahman, A., Raza Ur, R., Saeed, Q., Naeem, S., Bassett, P., Husain, M., Haq, S. U., Jaffery, F., Cohen, N., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). Efficacy of learning through play plus intervention to reduce maternal depression in women with malnourished children: A randomized controlled trial from Pakistan(✰). J Affect Disord, 278, 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2023",
          "ref": "Husain N, Lunat F, Lovell K, Sharma D, Zaidi N, Bokhari A, et al. Exploratory RCT of a group psychological intervention for postnatal depression in British mothers of South Asian origin - ROSHNI-D. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2023;238:103974."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jesse, 2015",
          "ref": "Jesse DE, Gaynes BN, Feldhousen EB, Newton ER, Bunch S, Hollon SD. Performance of a culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention integrated in a public health setting to reduce risk of antepartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2015;60(5):578-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2014",
          "ref": "Jiang L, Wang ZZ, Qiu LR, Wan GB, Lin Y, Wei Z. Psychological intervention for postpartum depression. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology: Medical sciences. 2014;34(3):437-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lenze, 2017",
          "ref": "Lenze, S., & Potts, M. (2017). Brief Interpersonal Psychotherapy for depression during pregnancy in a low-income population: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 210, 151-157."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2013",
          "ref": "Leung SS, Lee AM, Chiang VC, Lam SK, Kuen YW, Wong DF. Culturally sensitive, preventive antenatal group cognitive-behavioural therapy for Chinese women with depression. Internationan Journal of Nursing Practice. 2013;19(Supp 1):28-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2016",
          "ref": "Leung S, Lee A, Wong D, Wong C, Leung K, Chiang V, et al. A brief group intervention using a cognitive-behavioural approach to reduce postnatal depressive symptoms: A randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Medical Journal. 2016;22(1 Supplement 2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Liu, 2021",
          "ref": "Liu, H., & Yang, Y. (2021). Effects of a psychological nursing intervention on prevention of anxiety and depression in the postpartum period: a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Annals of General Psychiatry, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00320-4"
        },
        {
          "study": "Merza, 2023",
          "ref": "Merza D, Amani B, Savoy C, Babiy Z, Bieling PJ, Streiner DL, et al. Online peer‐delivered group cognitive‐behavioral therapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mulcahy, 2010",
          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ngai, 2015",
          "ref": "Ngai FW, Wong P-C, Leung KY, Chau PH, Chung KF. The effect of telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on postnatal depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(5):294-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Mahen, 2013",
          "ref": "O'Mahen HA, Woodford J, McGinley J, Warren FC, Richards DA, Lynch TR, et al. Internet-based behavioral activation--treatment for postnatal depression (Netmums): A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;150(3):814-22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prabhu, 2025",
          "ref": "Prabhu S, George LS, Guruvare S, Noronha JA, Jose TT, Nayak BS, et al. Effectiveness of psychosocial education program on postnatal depression, stress, and perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy among pregnant women in South India. Patient Education and Counseling. 2025;130."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prendergast, 2001",
          "ref": "Prendergast J, Austin MP. Early childhood nurse-delivered cognitive behavioural counselling for post-natal depression. Australasian Psychiatry. 2001;9(3):255-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Psaros, 2022",
          "ref": "Psaros, C., Stanton, A. M., Raggio, G. A., Mosery, N., Goodman, G. R., Briggs, E. S., . . . Safren, S. A. (2022). Optimizing PMTCT Adherence by Treating Depression in Perinatal Women with HIV in South Africa: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of behavioral medicine. doi:10.1007/s12529-022-10071-z"
        },
        {
          "study": "Puckering, 2010",
          "ref": "Puckering C, McIntosh E, Hickey A, Longford J. Mellow Babies: A group intervention for infants and mothers experiencing postnatal depression. Counselling Psychology Review. 2010;25(1):28-38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pugh, 2016",
          "ref": "Pugh, N. E., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Dirkse, D. (2016). A Randomised Controlled Trial of Therapist-Assisted, Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Women with Maternal Depression. PLoS ONE, 11(3), e0149186."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Seo, 2022",
          "ref": "Seo, J. M., Kim, S. J., Na, H., Kim, J. H., & Lee, H. (2022). Effectiveness of a Mobile Application for Postpartum Depression Self-Management: Evidence from a Randomised Controlled Trial in South Korea. Healthcare (Basel), 10(11). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/healthcare10112185"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2021",
          "ref": "Sun, Y., et al. (2021). \"Effectiveness of Smartphone-Based Mindfulness Training on Maternal Perinatal Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(1): e23410."
        },
        {
          "study": "Trevillion, 2020",
          "ref": "Trevillion K, Ryan EG, Pickles A, et al. An exploratory parallel-group randomised controlled trial of antenatal Guided Self-Help (plus usual care) versus usual care alone for pregnant women with depression: DAWN trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020;261:187-197."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Horne, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Horne, B. S., Nong, Y. H., Cain, C. M., Sampson, M., Greeley, C. S., & Puryear, L. (2022). A promising new model of care for postpartum depression: A randomised controlled trial of a brief home visitation program conducted in Houston, Texas, USA. Health Soc Care Community, 30(5), e2203-e2213. doi:10.1111/hsc.13658"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2021",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Brown, J. S. L., Ferro, M. A., Streiner, D. L., . . . Hanna, S. (2021). Effect of Online 1-Day Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops Plus Usual Care vs Usual Care Alone for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(11), 1200-1207. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2488"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Haber, E., Feller, A., Biscaro, A., . . . Ferro, M. A. (2022). Public Health Nurse-delivered Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Can J Psychiatry, 67(6), 432-440. doi:10.1177/07067437221074426"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2023",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout RJ, Layton H, Savoy CD, Xie F, Brown JSL, Huh K, et al. In-person 1-day cognitive behavioral therapy-based workshops for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2023;53(14):6888-98."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vigod, 2021",
          "ref": "Vigod, S. N., Slyfield Cook, G., Macdonald, K., Hussain-Shamsy, N., Brown, H. K., de Oliveira, C., . . . Dennis, C.-L. (2021). Mother matters: Pilot randomized wait‐list controlled trial of an online therapist‐facilitated discussion board and support group for postpartum depression symptoms. Depress Anxiety, 38(8), 816-825. doi:10.1002/da.23163"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2019",
          "ref": "Zhao, Y., Munro-Kramer, M. L., Shi, S., Wang, J., & Zhao, Q. (2019). Effects of antenatal depression screening and intervention among Chinese high-risk pregnant women with medically defined complications: A randomized controlled trial. Early intervention in psychiatry, 13(5), 1090-1098. doi:10.1111/eip.12731"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "tau2w": null,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abujilban, 2024",
          "ref": "Abujilban, S., Al-Omari, H., Issa, E., Alhamdan, A., Al-Nabulsi, L., Mrayan, L., . . . Kernohan, W. G. (2024). Effectiveness of Telephone-Based Interpersonal Psychotherapy on Antenatal Depressive Symptoms: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial in The Kingdom of Jordan. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 30(3), 635-645. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/10783903231171595"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alhusen, 2021",
          "ref": "Alhusen, J. L., Hayat, M. J., & Borg, L. (2021, Feb). A pilot study of a group-based perinatal depression intervention on reducing depressive symptoms and improving maternal-fetal attachment and maternal sensitivity. Arch Womens Ment Health, 24(1), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-020-01032-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Amani, 2021",
          "ref": "Amani, B., Merza, D., Savoy, C., Streiner, D., Bieling, P., Ferro, M. A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2021, Nov 9). Peer-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Psychiatry, 83(1). https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.21m13928"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bengtson, 2023",
          "ref": "Bengtson AM, Filipowicz TR, Mphonda S, Udedi M, Kulisewa K, Meltzer-Brody S, et al. An Intervention to Improve Mental Health and HIV Care Engagement Among Perinatal Women in Malawi: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. AIDS and behavior. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dennis, 2020",
          "ref": "Dennis CL, Grigoriadis S, Zupancic J, Kiss A, Ravitz P. Telephone-based nurse-delivered interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression: nationwide randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2020;216(4):189-196."
        },
        {
          "study": "Goodman, 2015",
          "ref": "Goodman JH, Prager J, Goldstein R, Freeman M. Perinatal Dyadic Psychotherapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2015;18(3):493-506."
        },
        {
          "study": "Grote, 2009",
          "ref": "Grote NK, Swartz HA, Geibel SL, Zuckoff A, Houck PR, Frank E. A randomized controlled trial of culturally relevant, brief interpersonal psychotherapy for perinatal depression. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(3):313-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hamilton, 2020",
          "ref": "Hamilton J, Saxon D, Best E, Glover V, Walters SJ, Kerr IB. A randomised, controlled pilot study of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) for stressed pregnant women with underlying anxiety and depression in a routine health service setting. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy. 2020."
        },
        {
          "study": "Honey, 2002",
          "ref": "Honey KL, Bennett P, Morgan M. A brief psycho‐educational group intervention for postnatal depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2002;41(4):405-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hou, 2014",
          "ref": "Hou Y, Hu P, Zhang Y, Lu Q, Wang D, Yin L, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy in combination with systemic family therapy improves mild to moderate postpartum depression. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. 2014;36(1):47-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huh, 2023",
          "ref": "Huh, K., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Ferro, M. A., Bieling, P. J., Hicks, A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2023). Online Public Health Nurse-Delivered Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Psychiatry, 84(5)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2017",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Zulqernain, F., Carter, L.-A., Chaudhry, I., Fatima, B., Kiran, T., . . . Rahman, A. (2017). Treatment of maternal depression in urban slums of Karachi, Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an integrated maternal psychological and early child development intervention. Asian journal of psychiatry, 29, 63-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021a",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Fatima, B., Chaudhry, I. B., Husain, M., Shah, S., Bassett, P., Cohen, N., Jafri, F., Naeem, S., Zadeh, Z., Roberts, C., Rahman, A., Naeem, F., Husain, M. I., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). An integrated parenting intervention for maternal depression and child development in a low-resource setting: Cluster randomized controlled trial [Article]. Depress Anxiety, 38(9), 925-939. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23169"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021b",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Shah, S., Rahman, A., Raza Ur, R., Saeed, Q., Naeem, S., Bassett, P., Husain, M., Haq, S. U., Jaffery, F., Cohen, N., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). Efficacy of learning through play plus intervention to reduce maternal depression in women with malnourished children: A randomized controlled trial from Pakistan(✰). J Affect Disord, 278, 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jesse, 2015",
          "ref": "Jesse DE, Gaynes BN, Feldhousen EB, Newton ER, Bunch S, Hollon SD. Performance of a culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention integrated in a public health setting to reduce risk of antepartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2015;60(5):578-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2014",
          "ref": "Jiang L, Wang ZZ, Qiu LR, Wan GB, Lin Y, Wei Z. Psychological intervention for postpartum depression. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology: Medical sciences. 2014;34(3):437-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2013",
          "ref": "Leung SS, Lee AM, Chiang VC, Lam SK, Kuen YW, Wong DF. Culturally sensitive, preventive antenatal group cognitive-behavioural therapy for Chinese women with depression. Internationan Journal of Nursing Practice. 2013;19(Supp 1):28-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2016",
          "ref": "Leung S, Lee A, Wong D, Wong C, Leung K, Chiang V, et al. A brief group intervention using a cognitive-behavioural approach to reduce postnatal depressive symptoms: A randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Medical Journal. 2016;22(1 Supplement 2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Liu, 2021",
          "ref": "Liu, H., & Yang, Y. (2021). Effects of a psychological nursing intervention on prevention of anxiety and depression in the postpartum period: a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Annals of General Psychiatry, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00320-4"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mulcahy, 2010",
          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prabhu, 2025",
          "ref": "Prabhu S, George LS, Guruvare S, Noronha JA, Jose TT, Nayak BS, et al. Effectiveness of psychosocial education program on postnatal depression, stress, and perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy among pregnant women in South India. Patient Education and Counseling. 2025;130."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prendergast, 2001",
          "ref": "Prendergast J, Austin MP. Early childhood nurse-delivered cognitive behavioural counselling for post-natal depression. Australasian Psychiatry. 2001;9(3):255-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Psaros, 2022",
          "ref": "Psaros, C., Stanton, A. M., Raggio, G. A., Mosery, N., Goodman, G. R., Briggs, E. S., . . . Safren, S. A. (2022). Optimizing PMTCT Adherence by Treating Depression in Perinatal Women with HIV in South Africa: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of behavioral medicine. doi:10.1007/s12529-022-10071-z"
        },
        {
          "study": "Puckering, 2010",
          "ref": "Puckering C, McIntosh E, Hickey A, Longford J. Mellow Babies: A group intervention for infants and mothers experiencing postnatal depression. Counselling Psychology Review. 2010;25(1):28-38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pugh, 2016",
          "ref": "Pugh, N. E., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Dirkse, D. (2016). A Randomised Controlled Trial of Therapist-Assisted, Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Women with Maternal Depression. PLoS ONE, 11(3), e0149186."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Seo, 2022",
          "ref": "Seo, J. M., Kim, S. J., Na, H., Kim, J. H., & Lee, H. (2022). Effectiveness of a Mobile Application for Postpartum Depression Self-Management: Evidence from a Randomised Controlled Trial in South Korea. Healthcare (Basel), 10(11). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/healthcare10112185"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Horne, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Horne, B. S., Nong, Y. H., Cain, C. M., Sampson, M., Greeley, C. S., & Puryear, L. (2022). A promising new model of care for postpartum depression: A randomised controlled trial of a brief home visitation program conducted in Houston, Texas, USA. Health Soc Care Community, 30(5), e2203-e2213. doi:10.1111/hsc.13658"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vigod, 2021",
          "ref": "Vigod, S. N., Slyfield Cook, G., Macdonald, K., Hussain-Shamsy, N., Brown, H. K., de Oliveira, C., . . . Dennis, C.-L. (2021). Mother matters: Pilot randomized wait‐list controlled trial of an online therapist‐facilitated discussion board and support group for postpartum depression symptoms. Depress Anxiety, 38(8), 816-825. doi:10.1002/da.23163"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2019",
          "ref": "Zhao, Y., Munro-Kramer, M. L., Shi, S., Wang, J., & Zhao, Q. (2019). Effects of antenatal depression screening and intervention among Chinese high-risk pregnant women with medically defined complications: A randomized controlled trial. Early intervention in psychiatry, 13(5), 1090-1098. doi:10.1111/eip.12731"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 576,
      "instr": "EPDS",
      "full": "Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Not low risk of bias",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 49,
      "k_es": 52,
      "sd": 4.663,
      "lo": 4.283,
      "hi": 5.077,
      "tau2": 0.0765,
      "tau2w": 0.0042,
      "plo": 2.656,
      "phi": 8.189,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abujilban, 2024",
          "ref": "Abujilban, S., Al-Omari, H., Issa, E., Alhamdan, A., Al-Nabulsi, L., Mrayan, L., . . . Kernohan, W. G. (2024). Effectiveness of Telephone-Based Interpersonal Psychotherapy on Antenatal Depressive Symptoms: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial in The Kingdom of Jordan. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 30(3), 635-645. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/10783903231171595"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alhusen, 2021",
          "ref": "Alhusen, J. L., Hayat, M. J., & Borg, L. (2021, Feb). A pilot study of a group-based perinatal depression intervention on reducing depressive symptoms and improving maternal-fetal attachment and maternal sensitivity. Arch Womens Ment Health, 24(1), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-020-01032-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Amani, 2021",
          "ref": "Amani, B., Merza, D., Savoy, C., Streiner, D., Bieling, P., Ferro, M. A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2021, Nov 9). Peer-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Psychiatry, 83(1). https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.21m13928"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Babiy, 2024",
          "ref": "Babiy, Z., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Xie, F., Brown, J. S. L., Bieling, P. J., . . . Van Lieshout, R. J. (2024). One-Day Peer-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 93(2), 129-140. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000536040"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bengtson, 2023",
          "ref": "Bengtson AM, Filipowicz TR, Mphonda S, Udedi M, Kulisewa K, Meltzer-Brody S, et al. An Intervention to Improve Mental Health and HIV Care Engagement Among Perinatal Women in Malawi: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. AIDS and behavior. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Burns, 2013",
          "ref": "Burns A, O'Mahen H, Baxter H, Bennert K, Wiles N, Ramchandani P, et al. A pilot randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for antenatal depression. BMC psychiatry. 2013;13:33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cooper, 2003",
          "ref": "Cooper PJ, Murray L, Wilson A, Romaniuk H. Controlled trial of the short- and long-term effect of psychological treatment of post-partum depression. I. Impact on maternal mood. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;182(5):412-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dennis, 2020",
          "ref": "Dennis CL, Grigoriadis S, Zupancic J, Kiss A, Ravitz P. Telephone-based nurse-delivered interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression: nationwide randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2020;216(4):189-196."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonseca, 2020",
          "ref": "Fonseca A, Alves S, Monteiro F, Gorayeb R, Canavarro MC. Be a Mom, a Web-Based Intervention to Prevent Postpartum Depression: Results From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behav Ther. 2020;51(4):616-633."
        },
        {
          "study": "Forsell, 2017",
          "ref": "Forsell E, Bendix M, Holländare F, et al. Internet delivered cognitive behavior therapy for antenatal depression: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders 2017; 221: 56-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Goodman, 2015",
          "ref": "Goodman JH, Prager J, Goldstein R, Freeman M. Perinatal Dyadic Psychotherapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2015;18(3):493-506."
        },
        {
          "study": "Grote, 2009",
          "ref": "Grote NK, Swartz HA, Geibel SL, Zuckoff A, Houck PR, Frank E. A randomized controlled trial of culturally relevant, brief interpersonal psychotherapy for perinatal depression. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(3):313-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gureje, 2022",
          "ref": "Gureje, O., Oladeji, B. D., Kola, L., Bello, T., Ayinde, O., Faregh, N., . . . Zelkowitz, P. (2022). Effect of intervention delivered by frontline maternal care providers to improve outcome and parenting skills among adolescents with perinatal depression in Nigeria (the RAPiD study): A cluster randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord, 312, 169-176. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.032"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hamilton, 2020",
          "ref": "Hamilton J, Saxon D, Best E, Glover V, Walters SJ, Kerr IB. A randomised, controlled pilot study of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) for stressed pregnant women with underlying anxiety and depression in a routine health service setting. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy. 2020."
        },
        {
          "study": "Honey, 2002",
          "ref": "Honey KL, Bennett P, Morgan M. A brief psycho‐educational group intervention for postnatal depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2002;41(4):405-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hou, 2014",
          "ref": "Hou Y, Hu P, Zhang Y, Lu Q, Wang D, Yin L, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy in combination with systemic family therapy improves mild to moderate postpartum depression. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. 2014;36(1):47-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huh, 2023",
          "ref": "Huh, K., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Ferro, M. A., Bieling, P. J., Hicks, A., & Van Lieshout, R. J. (2023). Online Public Health Nurse-Delivered Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Psychiatry, 84(5)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hulsbosch, 2023",
          "ref": "Hulsbosch, L. P., Potharst, E. S., Schwabe, I., Boekhorst, M. G. B. M., Pop, V. J. M., & Nyklíček, I. (2023). Online mindfulness-based intervention for women with pregnancy distress: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 332, 262-272. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.009"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2017",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Zulqernain, F., Carter, L.-A., Chaudhry, I., Fatima, B., Kiran, T., . . . Rahman, A. (2017). Treatment of maternal depression in urban slums of Karachi, Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an integrated maternal psychological and early child development intervention. Asian journal of psychiatry, 29, 63-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021a",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Fatima, B., Chaudhry, I. B., Husain, M., Shah, S., Bassett, P., Cohen, N., Jafri, F., Naeem, S., Zadeh, Z., Roberts, C., Rahman, A., Naeem, F., Husain, M. I., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). An integrated parenting intervention for maternal depression and child development in a low-resource setting: Cluster randomized controlled trial [Article]. Depress Anxiety, 38(9), 925-939. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23169"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021b",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Shah, S., Rahman, A., Raza Ur, R., Saeed, Q., Naeem, S., Bassett, P., Husain, M., Haq, S. U., Jaffery, F., Cohen, N., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). Efficacy of learning through play plus intervention to reduce maternal depression in women with malnourished children: A randomized controlled trial from Pakistan(✰). J Affect Disord, 278, 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2023",
          "ref": "Husain N, Lunat F, Lovell K, Sharma D, Zaidi N, Bokhari A, et al. Exploratory RCT of a group psychological intervention for postnatal depression in British mothers of South Asian origin - ROSHNI-D. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2023;238:103974."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jesse, 2015",
          "ref": "Jesse DE, Gaynes BN, Feldhousen EB, Newton ER, Bunch S, Hollon SD. Performance of a culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention integrated in a public health setting to reduce risk of antepartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2015;60(5):578-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2014",
          "ref": "Jiang L, Wang ZZ, Qiu LR, Wan GB, Lin Y, Wei Z. Psychological intervention for postpartum depression. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology: Medical sciences. 2014;34(3):437-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lenze, 2017",
          "ref": "Lenze, S., & Potts, M. (2017). Brief Interpersonal Psychotherapy for depression during pregnancy in a low-income population: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 210, 151-157."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2013",
          "ref": "Leung SS, Lee AM, Chiang VC, Lam SK, Kuen YW, Wong DF. Culturally sensitive, preventive antenatal group cognitive-behavioural therapy for Chinese women with depression. Internationan Journal of Nursing Practice. 2013;19(Supp 1):28-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2016",
          "ref": "Leung S, Lee A, Wong D, Wong C, Leung K, Chiang V, et al. A brief group intervention using a cognitive-behavioural approach to reduce postnatal depressive symptoms: A randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Medical Journal. 2016;22(1 Supplement 2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Liu, 2021",
          "ref": "Liu, H., & Yang, Y. (2021). Effects of a psychological nursing intervention on prevention of anxiety and depression in the postpartum period: a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Annals of General Psychiatry, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00320-4"
        },
        {
          "study": "Merza, 2023",
          "ref": "Merza D, Amani B, Savoy C, Babiy Z, Bieling PJ, Streiner DL, et al. Online peer‐delivered group cognitive‐behavioral therapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mulcahy, 2010",
          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ngai, 2015",
          "ref": "Ngai FW, Wong P-C, Leung KY, Chau PH, Chung KF. The effect of telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on postnatal depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(5):294-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Mahen, 2013",
          "ref": "O'Mahen HA, Woodford J, McGinley J, Warren FC, Richards DA, Lynch TR, et al. Internet-based behavioral activation--treatment for postnatal depression (Netmums): A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;150(3):814-22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prabhu, 2025",
          "ref": "Prabhu S, George LS, Guruvare S, Noronha JA, Jose TT, Nayak BS, et al. Effectiveness of psychosocial education program on postnatal depression, stress, and perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy among pregnant women in South India. Patient Education and Counseling. 2025;130."
        },
        {
          "study": "Prendergast, 2001",
          "ref": "Prendergast J, Austin MP. Early childhood nurse-delivered cognitive behavioural counselling for post-natal depression. Australasian Psychiatry. 2001;9(3):255-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Psaros, 2022",
          "ref": "Psaros, C., Stanton, A. M., Raggio, G. A., Mosery, N., Goodman, G. R., Briggs, E. S., . . . Safren, S. A. (2022). Optimizing PMTCT Adherence by Treating Depression in Perinatal Women with HIV in South Africa: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of behavioral medicine. doi:10.1007/s12529-022-10071-z"
        },
        {
          "study": "Puckering, 2010",
          "ref": "Puckering C, McIntosh E, Hickey A, Longford J. Mellow Babies: A group intervention for infants and mothers experiencing postnatal depression. Counselling Psychology Review. 2010;25(1):28-38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pugh, 2016",
          "ref": "Pugh, N. E., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Dirkse, D. (2016). A Randomised Controlled Trial of Therapist-Assisted, Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Women with Maternal Depression. PLoS ONE, 11(3), e0149186."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Seo, 2022",
          "ref": "Seo, J. M., Kim, S. J., Na, H., Kim, J. H., & Lee, H. (2022). Effectiveness of a Mobile Application for Postpartum Depression Self-Management: Evidence from a Randomised Controlled Trial in South Korea. Healthcare (Basel), 10(11). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/healthcare10112185"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2021",
          "ref": "Sun, Y., et al. (2021). \"Effectiveness of Smartphone-Based Mindfulness Training on Maternal Perinatal Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(1): e23410."
        },
        {
          "study": "Trevillion, 2020",
          "ref": "Trevillion K, Ryan EG, Pickles A, et al. An exploratory parallel-group randomised controlled trial of antenatal Guided Self-Help (plus usual care) versus usual care alone for pregnant women with depression: DAWN trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020;261:187-197."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Horne, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Horne, B. S., Nong, Y. H., Cain, C. M., Sampson, M., Greeley, C. S., & Puryear, L. (2022). A promising new model of care for postpartum depression: A randomised controlled trial of a brief home visitation program conducted in Houston, Texas, USA. Health Soc Care Community, 30(5), e2203-e2213. doi:10.1111/hsc.13658"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2021",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Brown, J. S. L., Ferro, M. A., Streiner, D. L., . . . Hanna, S. (2021). Effect of Online 1-Day Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops Plus Usual Care vs Usual Care Alone for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(11), 1200-1207. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2488"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2022",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout, R. J., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Haber, E., Feller, A., Biscaro, A., . . . Ferro, M. A. (2022). Public Health Nurse-delivered Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Can J Psychiatry, 67(6), 432-440. doi:10.1177/07067437221074426"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Lieshout, 2023",
          "ref": "Van Lieshout RJ, Layton H, Savoy CD, Xie F, Brown JSL, Huh K, et al. In-person 1-day cognitive behavioral therapy-based workshops for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2023;53(14):6888-98."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vigod, 2021",
          "ref": "Vigod, S. N., Slyfield Cook, G., Macdonald, K., Hussain-Shamsy, N., Brown, H. K., de Oliveira, C., . . . Dennis, C.-L. (2021). Mother matters: Pilot randomized wait‐list controlled trial of an online therapist‐facilitated discussion board and support group for postpartum depression symptoms. Depress Anxiety, 38(8), 816-825. doi:10.1002/da.23163"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2019",
          "ref": "Zhao, Y., Munro-Kramer, M. L., Shi, S., Wang, J., & Zhao, Q. (2019). Effects of antenatal depression screening and intervention among Chinese high-risk pregnant women with medically defined complications: A randomized controlled trial. Early intervention in psychiatry, 13(5), 1090-1098. doi:10.1111/eip.12731"
        }
      ]
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        },
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          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
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          "ref": "Gruber, K., Moran, P. J., Roth, W. T., & Taylor, C. B. (2001). Computer-assisted cognitive behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Behavior Therapy, 32(1), 155‐165. https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00395686/full "
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          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
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        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
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        },
        {
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          "ref": "Nilsson, J. E., Lundh, L. G., & Viborg, G. (2012). Imagery rescripting of early memories in social anxiety disorder: an experimental study. Behav Res Ther, 50(6), 387-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2012.03.004 "
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Price, M., & Anderson, P. L. (2011). The impact of cognitive behavioral therapy on post event processing among those with social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 49(2), 132-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2010.11.006 "
        },
        {
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        {
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          "ref": "Price, M., & Anderson, P. L. (2011). The impact of cognitive behavioral therapy on post event processing among those with social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 49(2), 132-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2010.11.006 "
        },
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          "ref": "Robillard, G., Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Guitard, T., & Klinger, E. (2010). Using virtual humans to alleviate social anxiety: preliminary report from a comparative outcome study. Stud Health Technol Inform, 154, 57-60. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-561-7-57"
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          "ref": "Price, M., & Anderson, P. L. (2011). The impact of cognitive behavioral therapy on post event processing among those with social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 49(2), 132-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2010.11.006 "
        },
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          "ref": "Robillard, G., Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Guitard, T., & Klinger, E. (2010). Using virtual humans to alleviate social anxiety: preliminary report from a comparative outcome study. Stud Health Technol Inform, 154, 57-60. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-561-7-57"
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        },
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        {
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          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Price, 2011",
          "ref": "Price, M., & Anderson, P. L. (2011). The impact of cognitive behavioral therapy on post event processing among those with social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 49(2), 132-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2010.11.006 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Robillard, 2010",
          "ref": "Robillard, G., Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Guitard, T., & Klinger, E. (2010). Using virtual humans to alleviate social anxiety: preliminary report from a comparative outcome study. Stud Health Technol Inform, 154, 57-60. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-561-7-57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Salaberria, 1998",
          "ref": "Salaberria, K., & Echeburua, E. (1998). Long-term outcome of cognitive therapy's contribution to self-exposure in vivo to the treatment of generalized social phobia. Behav Modif, 22(3), 262-284. https://doi.org/10.1177/01454455980223003 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Gruber, 2001",
          "ref": "Gruber, K., Moran, P. J., Roth, W. T., & Taylor, C. B. (2001). Computer-assisted cognitive behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Behavior Therapy, 32(1), 155‐165. https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00395686/full "
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hope, 1995",
          "ref": "Hope, D. A., Heimberg, R. G., & Bruch, M. A. (1995). Dismantling cognitive-behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Behav Res Ther, 33(6), 637-650. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(95)00013-n "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mersch, 1995",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Nilsson, 2012",
          "ref": "Nilsson, J. E., Lundh, L. G., & Viborg, G. (2012). Imagery rescripting of early memories in social anxiety disorder: an experimental study. Behav Res Ther, 50(6), 387-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2012.03.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Price, 2011",
          "ref": "Price, M., & Anderson, P. L. (2011). The impact of cognitive behavioral therapy on post event processing among those with social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 49(2), 132-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2010.11.006 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Robillard, 2010",
          "ref": "Robillard, G., Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Guitard, T., & Klinger, E. (2010). Using virtual humans to alleviate social anxiety: preliminary report from a comparative outcome study. Stud Health Technol Inform, 154, 57-60. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-561-7-57"
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          "study": "Salaberria, 1998",
          "ref": "Salaberria, K., & Echeburua, E. (1998). Long-term outcome of cognitive therapy's contribution to self-exposure in vivo to the treatment of generalized social phobia. Behav Modif, 22(3), 262-284. https://doi.org/10.1177/01454455980223003 "
        }
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        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
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        },
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          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Gruber, K., Moran, P. J., Roth, W. T., & Taylor, C. B. (2001). Computer-assisted cognitive behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Behavior Therapy, 32(1), 155‐165. https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00395686/full "
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
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        {
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          "ref": "Hope, D. A., Heimberg, R. G., & Bruch, M. A. (1995). Dismantling cognitive-behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Behav Res Ther, 33(6), 637-650. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(95)00013-n "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
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        {
          "study": "Mersch, 1995",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
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          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Nilsson, 2012",
          "ref": "Nilsson, J. E., Lundh, L. G., & Viborg, G. (2012). Imagery rescripting of early memories in social anxiety disorder: an experimental study. Behav Res Ther, 50(6), 387-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2012.03.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Price, 2011",
          "ref": "Price, M., & Anderson, P. L. (2011). The impact of cognitive behavioral therapy on post event processing among those with social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 49(2), 132-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2010.11.006 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Robillard, 2010",
          "ref": "Robillard, G., Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Guitard, T., & Klinger, E. (2010). Using virtual humans to alleviate social anxiety: preliminary report from a comparative outcome study. Stud Health Technol Inform, 154, 57-60. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-561-7-57"
        },
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          "study": "Salaberria, 1998",
          "ref": "Salaberria, K., & Echeburua, E. (1998). Long-term outcome of cognitive therapy's contribution to self-exposure in vivo to the treatment of generalized social phobia. Behav Modif, 22(3), 262-284. https://doi.org/10.1177/01454455980223003 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
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        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Botella, 2010",
          "ref": "Botella, C., Gallego, M. J., Garcia-Palacios, A., Guillen, V., Baños, R. M., Quero, S., & Alcañiz, M. (2010). An Internet-based self-help treatment for fear of public speaking: a controlled trial. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw, 13(4), 407-421. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2009.0224 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Gallego, 2011",
          "ref": "Gallego, M. J., Gerardus Emmelkamp, P. M., van der Kooij, M., & Mees, H. (2011). The effects of a Dutch version of an Internet-based treatment program for fear of public speaking: A controlled study. Int J Clin Health Psychol, 11(3), 459-472. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/337/33719289003.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Kampmann, I. L., Emmelkamp, P. M., Hartanto, D., Brinkman, W. P., Zijlstra, B. J., & Morina, N. (2016). Exposure to virtual social interactions in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 147-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.016 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2022",
          "ref": "Kim, H., Kim, B. H., Kim, M. K., Eom, H., & Kim, J. J. (2022). Alteration of resting-state functional connectivity network properties in patients with social anxiety disorder after virtual reality-based self-training [Article]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959696 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Soltani, 2023",
          "ref": "Soltani, E., Bahrainian, S. A., Farhoudian, A., Masjedi Arani, A., & Gachkar, L. (2023). Effectiveness of Acceptance Commitment Therapy in Social Anxiety Disorder: Application of a Longitudinal Method to Evaluate the Mediating Role of Acceptance, Cognitive Fusion, and Values. Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 14(4), 479-490. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.32598/bcn.2021.2785.1 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Teale Sapach, 2022",
          "ref": "Teale Sapach, M. J. N., & Carleton, R. N. (2023). Self-compassion training for individuals with social anxiety disorder: a preliminary randomized controlled trial. Cogn Behav Ther, 52(1), 18-37. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2022.2130820 "
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2022",
          "ref": "Kim, H., Kim, B. H., Kim, M. K., Eom, H., & Kim, J. J. (2022). Alteration of resting-state functional connectivity network properties in patients with social anxiety disorder after virtual reality-based self-training [Article]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959696 "
        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Soltani, 2023",
          "ref": "Soltani, E., Bahrainian, S. A., Farhoudian, A., Masjedi Arani, A., & Gachkar, L. (2023). Effectiveness of Acceptance Commitment Therapy in Social Anxiety Disorder: Application of a Longitudinal Method to Evaluate the Mediating Role of Acceptance, Cognitive Fusion, and Values. Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 14(4), 479-490. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.32598/bcn.2021.2785.1 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Teale Sapach, 2022",
          "ref": "Teale Sapach, M. J. N., & Carleton, R. N. (2023). Self-compassion training for individuals with social anxiety disorder: a preliminary randomized controlled trial. Cogn Behav Ther, 52(1), 18-37. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2022.2130820 "
        }
      ]
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        },
        {
          "study": "Botella, 2010",
          "ref": "Botella, C., Gallego, M. J., Garcia-Palacios, A., Guillen, V., Baños, R. M., Quero, S., & Alcañiz, M. (2010). An Internet-based self-help treatment for fear of public speaking: a controlled trial. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw, 13(4), 407-421. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2009.0224 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Gallego, 2011",
          "ref": "Gallego, M. J., Gerardus Emmelkamp, P. M., van der Kooij, M., & Mees, H. (2011). The effects of a Dutch version of an Internet-based treatment program for fear of public speaking: A controlled study. Int J Clin Health Psychol, 11(3), 459-472. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/337/33719289003.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kampmann, 2016",
          "ref": "Kampmann, I. L., Emmelkamp, P. M., Hartanto, D., Brinkman, W. P., Zijlstra, B. J., & Morina, N. (2016). Exposure to virtual social interactions in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 147-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.016 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2022",
          "ref": "Kim, H., Kim, B. H., Kim, M. K., Eom, H., & Kim, J. J. (2022). Alteration of resting-state functional connectivity network properties in patients with social anxiety disorder after virtual reality-based self-training [Article]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959696 "
        },
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        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Soltani, E., Bahrainian, S. A., Farhoudian, A., Masjedi Arani, A., & Gachkar, L. (2023). Effectiveness of Acceptance Commitment Therapy in Social Anxiety Disorder: Application of a Longitudinal Method to Evaluate the Mediating Role of Acceptance, Cognitive Fusion, and Values. Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 14(4), 479-490. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.32598/bcn.2021.2785.1 "
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        },
        {
          "study": "Mersch, 1995",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Swinson, 1992",
          "ref": "Swinson RP, Soulios C, Cox BJ, et al. Brief treatment of emergency room patients with panic attacks. The American journal of psychiatry 1992;149(7):944-6."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Barlow, 1989",
          "ref": "Barlow DH, Craske MG, Cerny JA, Klosko JS. Behavioral treatment of panic disorder. Behavior Therapy 1989;20(2): 261–82."
        },
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        },
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          "ref": "Hope, D. A., Heimberg, R. G., & Bruch, M. A. (1995). Dismantling cognitive-behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Behav Res Ther, 33(6), 637-650. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(95)00013-n "
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        {
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          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
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          "ref": "Oosterbaan, D., Balkom, A., Spinhoven, P., Oppen, P., & van Dyck, R. (2001). Cognitive Therapy Versus Moclobemide in Social Phobia: A Controlled Study. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy, 8, 263-273. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.291 "
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    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
          "ref": "Bathgate, C. J., Kilbourn, K. M., Murphy, N. H., Wamboldt, F. S., & Holm, K. E. (2022). Pilot RCT of a telehealth intervention to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, 21(2), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
          "ref": "Bolinski, F., Kleiboer, A., Neijenhuijs, K., Karyotaki, E., Wiers, R., de Koning, L., . . . Riper, H. (2022). Challenges in Recruiting University Students for Web-Based Indicated Prevention of Depression and Anxiety: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial (ICare Prevent). J Med Internet Res, 24(12), e40892. doi:10.2196/4089"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chen, 2023",
          "ref": "Chen, X., Zeng, M., Chen, C., Zhu, D., Chen, L., & Jiang, Z. (2023). Efficacy of Psycho-Cardiology therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with mild anxiety and depression. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 9. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1031255"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2023",
          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
        },
        {
          "study": "Graham, 2020",
          "ref": "Graham, A. K., Greene, C. J., Kwasny, M. J., Kaiser, S. M., Lieponis, P., Powell, T., & Mohr, D. C. (2020). Coached mobile app platform for the treatment of depression and anxiety among primary care patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(9), 906-914. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2023",
          "ref": "Huang, S., Wang, Z., Zheng, D., & Liu, L. (2023). Anxiety disorder in menopausal women and the intervention efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction. American Journal of Translational Research, 15(3), 2016-2024."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2013",
          "ref": "Johansson, R., Björklund, M., Hornborg, C., Karlsson, S., Hesser, H., Ljótsson, B. L., . . . Andersson, G. (2013). Affect-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression and anxiety through the internet: A randomized controlled trial. PeerJ, 2013(1). doi:10.7717/peerj.102"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnston, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnston, L., Titov, N., Andrews, G., Spence, J., & Dear, B. F. (2011). A RCT of a transdiagnostic internet-delivered treatment for three anxiety disorders: examination of support roles and disorder-specific outcomes. PLoS One, 6(11), e28079. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jones, 2016",
          "ref": "Jones, S. L., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Soucy, J. N. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of guided internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with generalized anxiety. J Anxiety Disord, 37, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.10.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Karyotaki, 2022",
          "ref": "Karyotaki, E., Klein, A. M., Ciharova, M., Bolinski, F., Krijnen, L., de Koning, L., . . . Cuijpers, P. (2022). Guided internet-based transdiagnostic individually tailored Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in college students: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 150, 104028. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.104028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kladnitski, 2020",
          "ref": "Kladnitski N, Smith J, Uppal S, James MA, Allen AR, Andrews G, et al. Transdiagnostic internet-delivered CBT and mindfulness-based treatment for depression and anxiety: A randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions. 2020;20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Knapstad, 2020",
          "ref": "Knapstad M, Lervik LV, Sæther SMM, Aarø LE, Smith ORF. Effectiveness of Prompt Mental Health Care, the Norwegian Version of Improving Access to Psychological Therapies: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(2):90-105. doi: 10.1159/000504453. Epub 2019 Dec 3. PMID: 31794968; PMCID: PMC7158231."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nassim, 2021",
          "ref": "Nassim, M., Park, H., Dikaios, E., Potes, A., Elbaz, S., Mc Veigh, C., . . . Rej, S. (2021). Brief Mindfulness Intervention vs. Health Enhancement Program for Patients Undergoing Dialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel), 9(6). doi:10.3390/healthcare9060659"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2013",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2020",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Enrique, A., Eilert, N., Franklin, M., Palacios, J., Duffy, D., . . . Timulak, L. (2020). A pragmatic randomized waitlist-controlled effectiveness and cost-effectiveness trial of digital interventions for depression and anxiety. npj Digital Medicine, 3(1). doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0293-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sadeh-Sharvit, 2023",
          "ref": "Sadeh-Sharvit, S., Camp, T. D., Horton, S. E., Hefner, J. D., Berry, J. M., Grossman, E., & Hollon, S. D. (2023). Effects of an artificial intelligence platform for behavioral interventions on depression and anxiety symptoms: randomized clinical trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e46781."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaeuffele, 2022",
          "ref": "Schaeuffele C, Homeyer S, Perea L, et al. The unified protocol as an Internet-based intervention for emotional disorders: randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022;17:e0270178."
        },
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          "study": "Stanley, 2016",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Timulak, 2022",
          "ref": "Timulak L, Keogh D, Chigwedere C, et al. A comparison of emotion-focused therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: results of a feasibility randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy (Chic). 2022;59(1):84-95. doi:10.1037/pst0000427"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2011",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., et al. (2011). Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 441–452."
        },
        {
          "study": "Torres, 2019",
          "ref": "Torres-Platas SG, Escobar S, Belliveau C, Wu J, Sasi N, Fotso J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Intervention for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. and Psychosomatics. 2019;88(4):254-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
          "ref": "Tully, P. J., Turnbull, D. A., Horowitz, J. D., Beltrame, J. F., Baune, B. T., Sauer-Zavala, S., . . . Wittert, G. A. (2022). Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Results From the CHAMPS Pilot-Feasibility Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.741039"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2023",
          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 663,
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      "model": "Three-level CHE model",
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      "k_es": 48,
      "sd": 4.125,
      "lo": 3.645,
      "hi": 4.668,
      "tau2": 0.1289,
      "tau2w": 0.0068,
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      "phi": 8.574,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
          "ref": "Bathgate, C. J., Kilbourn, K. M., Murphy, N. H., Wamboldt, F. S., & Holm, K. E. (2022). Pilot RCT of a telehealth intervention to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, 21(2), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
          "ref": "Bolinski, F., Kleiboer, A., Neijenhuijs, K., Karyotaki, E., Wiers, R., de Koning, L., . . . Riper, H. (2022). Challenges in Recruiting University Students for Web-Based Indicated Prevention of Depression and Anxiety: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial (ICare Prevent). J Med Internet Res, 24(12), e40892. doi:10.2196/4089"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chen, 2023",
          "ref": "Chen, X., Zeng, M., Chen, C., Zhu, D., Chen, L., & Jiang, Z. (2023). Efficacy of Psycho-Cardiology therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with mild anxiety and depression. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 9. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1031255"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2023",
          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
        },
        {
          "study": "Graham, 2020",
          "ref": "Graham, A. K., Greene, C. J., Kwasny, M. J., Kaiser, S. M., Lieponis, P., Powell, T., & Mohr, D. C. (2020). Coached mobile app platform for the treatment of depression and anxiety among primary care patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(9), 906-914. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2023",
          "ref": "Huang, S., Wang, Z., Zheng, D., & Liu, L. (2023). Anxiety disorder in menopausal women and the intervention efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction. American Journal of Translational Research, 15(3), 2016-2024."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2013",
          "ref": "Johansson, R., Björklund, M., Hornborg, C., Karlsson, S., Hesser, H., Ljótsson, B. L., . . . Andersson, G. (2013). Affect-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression and anxiety through the internet: A randomized controlled trial. PeerJ, 2013(1). doi:10.7717/peerj.102"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnston, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnston, L., Titov, N., Andrews, G., Spence, J., & Dear, B. F. (2011). A RCT of a transdiagnostic internet-delivered treatment for three anxiety disorders: examination of support roles and disorder-specific outcomes. PLoS One, 6(11), e28079. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jones, 2016",
          "ref": "Jones, S. L., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Soucy, J. N. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of guided internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with generalized anxiety. J Anxiety Disord, 37, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.10.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Karyotaki, 2022",
          "ref": "Karyotaki, E., Klein, A. M., Ciharova, M., Bolinski, F., Krijnen, L., de Koning, L., . . . Cuijpers, P. (2022). Guided internet-based transdiagnostic individually tailored Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in college students: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 150, 104028. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.104028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kladnitski, 2020",
          "ref": "Kladnitski N, Smith J, Uppal S, James MA, Allen AR, Andrews G, et al. Transdiagnostic internet-delivered CBT and mindfulness-based treatment for depression and anxiety: A randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions. 2020;20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Knapstad, 2020",
          "ref": "Knapstad M, Lervik LV, Sæther SMM, Aarø LE, Smith ORF. Effectiveness of Prompt Mental Health Care, the Norwegian Version of Improving Access to Psychological Therapies: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(2):90-105. doi: 10.1159/000504453. Epub 2019 Dec 3. PMID: 31794968; PMCID: PMC7158231."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nassim, 2021",
          "ref": "Nassim, M., Park, H., Dikaios, E., Potes, A., Elbaz, S., Mc Veigh, C., . . . Rej, S. (2021). Brief Mindfulness Intervention vs. Health Enhancement Program for Patients Undergoing Dialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel), 9(6). doi:10.3390/healthcare9060659"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2013",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2020",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Enrique, A., Eilert, N., Franklin, M., Palacios, J., Duffy, D., . . . Timulak, L. (2020). A pragmatic randomized waitlist-controlled effectiveness and cost-effectiveness trial of digital interventions for depression and anxiety. npj Digital Medicine, 3(1). doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0293-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sadeh-Sharvit, 2023",
          "ref": "Sadeh-Sharvit, S., Camp, T. D., Horton, S. E., Hefner, J. D., Berry, J. M., Grossman, E., & Hollon, S. D. (2023). Effects of an artificial intelligence platform for behavioral interventions on depression and anxiety symptoms: randomized clinical trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e46781."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaeuffele, 2022",
          "ref": "Schaeuffele C, Homeyer S, Perea L, et al. The unified protocol as an Internet-based intervention for emotional disorders: randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022;17:e0270178."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2016",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Timulak, 2022",
          "ref": "Timulak L, Keogh D, Chigwedere C, et al. A comparison of emotion-focused therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: results of a feasibility randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy (Chic). 2022;59(1):84-95. doi:10.1037/pst0000427"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2011",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., et al. (2011). Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 441–452."
        },
        {
          "study": "Torres, 2019",
          "ref": "Torres-Platas SG, Escobar S, Belliveau C, Wu J, Sasi N, Fotso J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Intervention for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. and Psychosomatics. 2019;88(4):254-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
          "ref": "Tully, P. J., Turnbull, D. A., Horowitz, J. D., Beltrame, J. F., Baune, B. T., Sauer-Zavala, S., . . . Wittert, G. A. (2022). Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Results From the CHAMPS Pilot-Feasibility Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.741039"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2023",
          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 664,
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      "k": 39,
      "k_es": 48,
      "sd": 4.074,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
          "ref": "Bathgate, C. J., Kilbourn, K. M., Murphy, N. H., Wamboldt, F. S., & Holm, K. E. (2022). Pilot RCT of a telehealth intervention to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, 21(2), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
          "ref": "Bolinski, F., Kleiboer, A., Neijenhuijs, K., Karyotaki, E., Wiers, R., de Koning, L., . . . Riper, H. (2022). Challenges in Recruiting University Students for Web-Based Indicated Prevention of Depression and Anxiety: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial (ICare Prevent). J Med Internet Res, 24(12), e40892. doi:10.2196/4089"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chen, 2023",
          "ref": "Chen, X., Zeng, M., Chen, C., Zhu, D., Chen, L., & Jiang, Z. (2023). Efficacy of Psycho-Cardiology therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with mild anxiety and depression. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 9. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1031255"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2023",
          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
        },
        {
          "study": "Graham, 2020",
          "ref": "Graham, A. K., Greene, C. J., Kwasny, M. J., Kaiser, S. M., Lieponis, P., Powell, T., & Mohr, D. C. (2020). Coached mobile app platform for the treatment of depression and anxiety among primary care patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(9), 906-914. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2023",
          "ref": "Huang, S., Wang, Z., Zheng, D., & Liu, L. (2023). Anxiety disorder in menopausal women and the intervention efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction. American Journal of Translational Research, 15(3), 2016-2024."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2013",
          "ref": "Johansson, R., Björklund, M., Hornborg, C., Karlsson, S., Hesser, H., Ljótsson, B. L., . . . Andersson, G. (2013). Affect-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression and anxiety through the internet: A randomized controlled trial. PeerJ, 2013(1). doi:10.7717/peerj.102"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnston, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnston, L., Titov, N., Andrews, G., Spence, J., & Dear, B. F. (2011). A RCT of a transdiagnostic internet-delivered treatment for three anxiety disorders: examination of support roles and disorder-specific outcomes. PLoS One, 6(11), e28079. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jones, 2016",
          "ref": "Jones, S. L., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Soucy, J. N. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of guided internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with generalized anxiety. J Anxiety Disord, 37, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.10.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Karyotaki, 2022",
          "ref": "Karyotaki, E., Klein, A. M., Ciharova, M., Bolinski, F., Krijnen, L., de Koning, L., . . . Cuijpers, P. (2022). Guided internet-based transdiagnostic individually tailored Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in college students: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 150, 104028. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.104028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kladnitski, 2020",
          "ref": "Kladnitski N, Smith J, Uppal S, James MA, Allen AR, Andrews G, et al. Transdiagnostic internet-delivered CBT and mindfulness-based treatment for depression and anxiety: A randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions. 2020;20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Knapstad, 2020",
          "ref": "Knapstad M, Lervik LV, Sæther SMM, Aarø LE, Smith ORF. Effectiveness of Prompt Mental Health Care, the Norwegian Version of Improving Access to Psychological Therapies: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(2):90-105. doi: 10.1159/000504453. Epub 2019 Dec 3. PMID: 31794968; PMCID: PMC7158231."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nassim, 2021",
          "ref": "Nassim, M., Park, H., Dikaios, E., Potes, A., Elbaz, S., Mc Veigh, C., . . . Rej, S. (2021). Brief Mindfulness Intervention vs. Health Enhancement Program for Patients Undergoing Dialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel), 9(6). doi:10.3390/healthcare9060659"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2013",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2020",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Enrique, A., Eilert, N., Franklin, M., Palacios, J., Duffy, D., . . . Timulak, L. (2020). A pragmatic randomized waitlist-controlled effectiveness and cost-effectiveness trial of digital interventions for depression and anxiety. npj Digital Medicine, 3(1). doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0293-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sadeh-Sharvit, 2023",
          "ref": "Sadeh-Sharvit, S., Camp, T. D., Horton, S. E., Hefner, J. D., Berry, J. M., Grossman, E., & Hollon, S. D. (2023). Effects of an artificial intelligence platform for behavioral interventions on depression and anxiety symptoms: randomized clinical trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e46781."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaeuffele, 2022",
          "ref": "Schaeuffele C, Homeyer S, Perea L, et al. The unified protocol as an Internet-based intervention for emotional disorders: randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022;17:e0270178."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2016",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Timulak, 2022",
          "ref": "Timulak L, Keogh D, Chigwedere C, et al. A comparison of emotion-focused therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: results of a feasibility randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy (Chic). 2022;59(1):84-95. doi:10.1037/pst0000427"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2011",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., et al. (2011). Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 441–452."
        },
        {
          "study": "Torres, 2019",
          "ref": "Torres-Platas SG, Escobar S, Belliveau C, Wu J, Sasi N, Fotso J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Intervention for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. and Psychosomatics. 2019;88(4):254-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
          "ref": "Tully, P. J., Turnbull, D. A., Horowitz, J. D., Beltrame, J. F., Baune, B. T., Sauer-Zavala, S., . . . Wittert, G. A. (2022). Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Results From the CHAMPS Pilot-Feasibility Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.741039"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2023",
          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
          "ref": "Bathgate, C. J., Kilbourn, K. M., Murphy, N. H., Wamboldt, F. S., & Holm, K. E. (2022). Pilot RCT of a telehealth intervention to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, 21(2), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
          "ref": "Bolinski, F., Kleiboer, A., Neijenhuijs, K., Karyotaki, E., Wiers, R., de Koning, L., . . . Riper, H. (2022). Challenges in Recruiting University Students for Web-Based Indicated Prevention of Depression and Anxiety: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial (ICare Prevent). J Med Internet Res, 24(12), e40892. doi:10.2196/4089"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2023",
          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2013",
          "ref": "Johansson, R., Björklund, M., Hornborg, C., Karlsson, S., Hesser, H., Ljótsson, B. L., . . . Andersson, G. (2013). Affect-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression and anxiety through the internet: A randomized controlled trial. PeerJ, 2013(1). doi:10.7717/peerj.102"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnston, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnston, L., Titov, N., Andrews, G., Spence, J., & Dear, B. F. (2011). A RCT of a transdiagnostic internet-delivered treatment for three anxiety disorders: examination of support roles and disorder-specific outcomes. PLoS One, 6(11), e28079. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jones, 2016",
          "ref": "Jones, S. L., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Soucy, J. N. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of guided internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with generalized anxiety. J Anxiety Disord, 37, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.10.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Karyotaki, 2022",
          "ref": "Karyotaki, E., Klein, A. M., Ciharova, M., Bolinski, F., Krijnen, L., de Koning, L., . . . Cuijpers, P. (2022). Guided internet-based transdiagnostic individually tailored Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in college students: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 150, 104028. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.104028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kladnitski, 2020",
          "ref": "Kladnitski N, Smith J, Uppal S, James MA, Allen AR, Andrews G, et al. Transdiagnostic internet-delivered CBT and mindfulness-based treatment for depression and anxiety: A randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions. 2020;20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nassim, 2021",
          "ref": "Nassim, M., Park, H., Dikaios, E., Potes, A., Elbaz, S., Mc Veigh, C., . . . Rej, S. (2021). Brief Mindfulness Intervention vs. Health Enhancement Program for Patients Undergoing Dialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel), 9(6). doi:10.3390/healthcare9060659"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2013",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sadeh-Sharvit, 2023",
          "ref": "Sadeh-Sharvit, S., Camp, T. D., Horton, S. E., Hefner, J. D., Berry, J. M., Grossman, E., & Hollon, S. D. (2023). Effects of an artificial intelligence platform for behavioral interventions on depression and anxiety symptoms: randomized clinical trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e46781."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaeuffele, 2022",
          "ref": "Schaeuffele C, Homeyer S, Perea L, et al. The unified protocol as an Internet-based intervention for emotional disorders: randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022;17:e0270178."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2016",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Timulak, 2022",
          "ref": "Timulak L, Keogh D, Chigwedere C, et al. A comparison of emotion-focused therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: results of a feasibility randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy (Chic). 2022;59(1):84-95. doi:10.1037/pst0000427"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2011",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., et al. (2011). Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 441–452."
        },
        {
          "study": "Torres, 2019",
          "ref": "Torres-Platas SG, Escobar S, Belliveau C, Wu J, Sasi N, Fotso J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Intervention for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. and Psychosomatics. 2019;88(4):254-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
          "ref": "Tully, P. J., Turnbull, D. A., Horowitz, J. D., Beltrame, J. F., Baune, B. T., Sauer-Zavala, S., . . . Wittert, G. A. (2022). Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Results From the CHAMPS Pilot-Feasibility Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.741039"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2023",
          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 666,
      "instr": "GAD-7",
      "full": "Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
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      "k": 37,
      "k_es": 44,
      "sd": 4.447,
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      "i2": 88.4,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
          "ref": "Bathgate, C. J., Kilbourn, K. M., Murphy, N. H., Wamboldt, F. S., & Holm, K. E. (2022). Pilot RCT of a telehealth intervention to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, 21(2), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
          "ref": "Bolinski, F., Kleiboer, A., Neijenhuijs, K., Karyotaki, E., Wiers, R., de Koning, L., . . . Riper, H. (2022). Challenges in Recruiting University Students for Web-Based Indicated Prevention of Depression and Anxiety: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial (ICare Prevent). J Med Internet Res, 24(12), e40892. doi:10.2196/4089"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2023",
          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
        },
        {
          "study": "Graham, 2020",
          "ref": "Graham, A. K., Greene, C. J., Kwasny, M. J., Kaiser, S. M., Lieponis, P., Powell, T., & Mohr, D. C. (2020). Coached mobile app platform for the treatment of depression and anxiety among primary care patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(9), 906-914. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2023",
          "ref": "Huang, S., Wang, Z., Zheng, D., & Liu, L. (2023). Anxiety disorder in menopausal women and the intervention efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction. American Journal of Translational Research, 15(3), 2016-2024."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2013",
          "ref": "Johansson, R., Björklund, M., Hornborg, C., Karlsson, S., Hesser, H., Ljótsson, B. L., . . . Andersson, G. (2013). Affect-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression and anxiety through the internet: A randomized controlled trial. PeerJ, 2013(1). doi:10.7717/peerj.102"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnston, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnston, L., Titov, N., Andrews, G., Spence, J., & Dear, B. F. (2011). A RCT of a transdiagnostic internet-delivered treatment for three anxiety disorders: examination of support roles and disorder-specific outcomes. PLoS One, 6(11), e28079. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jones, 2016",
          "ref": "Jones, S. L., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Soucy, J. N. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of guided internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with generalized anxiety. J Anxiety Disord, 37, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.10.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Karyotaki, 2022",
          "ref": "Karyotaki, E., Klein, A. M., Ciharova, M., Bolinski, F., Krijnen, L., de Koning, L., . . . Cuijpers, P. (2022). Guided internet-based transdiagnostic individually tailored Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in college students: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 150, 104028. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.104028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kladnitski, 2020",
          "ref": "Kladnitski N, Smith J, Uppal S, James MA, Allen AR, Andrews G, et al. Transdiagnostic internet-delivered CBT and mindfulness-based treatment for depression and anxiety: A randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions. 2020;20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Knapstad, 2020",
          "ref": "Knapstad M, Lervik LV, Sæther SMM, Aarø LE, Smith ORF. Effectiveness of Prompt Mental Health Care, the Norwegian Version of Improving Access to Psychological Therapies: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(2):90-105. doi: 10.1159/000504453. Epub 2019 Dec 3. PMID: 31794968; PMCID: PMC7158231."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nassim, 2021",
          "ref": "Nassim, M., Park, H., Dikaios, E., Potes, A., Elbaz, S., Mc Veigh, C., . . . Rej, S. (2021). Brief Mindfulness Intervention vs. Health Enhancement Program for Patients Undergoing Dialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel), 9(6). doi:10.3390/healthcare9060659"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2013",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2020",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Enrique, A., Eilert, N., Franklin, M., Palacios, J., Duffy, D., . . . Timulak, L. (2020). A pragmatic randomized waitlist-controlled effectiveness and cost-effectiveness trial of digital interventions for depression and anxiety. npj Digital Medicine, 3(1). doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0293-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sadeh-Sharvit, 2023",
          "ref": "Sadeh-Sharvit, S., Camp, T. D., Horton, S. E., Hefner, J. D., Berry, J. M., Grossman, E., & Hollon, S. D. (2023). Effects of an artificial intelligence platform for behavioral interventions on depression and anxiety symptoms: randomized clinical trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e46781."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaeuffele, 2022",
          "ref": "Schaeuffele C, Homeyer S, Perea L, et al. The unified protocol as an Internet-based intervention for emotional disorders: randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022;17:e0270178."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2016",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Timulak, 2022",
          "ref": "Timulak L, Keogh D, Chigwedere C, et al. A comparison of emotion-focused therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: results of a feasibility randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy (Chic). 2022;59(1):84-95. doi:10.1037/pst0000427"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2011",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., et al. (2011). Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 441–452."
        },
        {
          "study": "Torres, 2019",
          "ref": "Torres-Platas SG, Escobar S, Belliveau C, Wu J, Sasi N, Fotso J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Intervention for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. and Psychosomatics. 2019;88(4):254-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
          "ref": "Tully, P. J., Turnbull, D. A., Horowitz, J. D., Beltrame, J. F., Baune, B. T., Sauer-Zavala, S., . . . Wittert, G. A. (2022). Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Results From the CHAMPS Pilot-Feasibility Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.741039"
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          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
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        {
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          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
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        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
          "ref": "Bathgate, C. J., Kilbourn, K. M., Murphy, N. H., Wamboldt, F. S., & Holm, K. E. (2022). Pilot RCT of a telehealth intervention to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, 21(2), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chen, 2023",
          "ref": "Chen, X., Zeng, M., Chen, C., Zhu, D., Chen, L., & Jiang, Z. (2023). Efficacy of Psycho-Cardiology therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with mild anxiety and depression. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 9. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1031255"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2023",
          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
        },
        {
          "study": "Graham, 2020",
          "ref": "Graham, A. K., Greene, C. J., Kwasny, M. J., Kaiser, S. M., Lieponis, P., Powell, T., & Mohr, D. C. (2020). Coached mobile app platform for the treatment of depression and anxiety among primary care patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(9), 906-914. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2013",
          "ref": "Johansson, R., Björklund, M., Hornborg, C., Karlsson, S., Hesser, H., Ljótsson, B. L., . . . Andersson, G. (2013). Affect-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression and anxiety through the internet: A randomized controlled trial. PeerJ, 2013(1). doi:10.7717/peerj.102"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnston, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnston, L., Titov, N., Andrews, G., Spence, J., & Dear, B. F. (2011). A RCT of a transdiagnostic internet-delivered treatment for three anxiety disorders: examination of support roles and disorder-specific outcomes. PLoS One, 6(11), e28079. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kladnitski, 2020",
          "ref": "Kladnitski N, Smith J, Uppal S, James MA, Allen AR, Andrews G, et al. Transdiagnostic internet-delivered CBT and mindfulness-based treatment for depression and anxiety: A randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions. 2020;20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Knapstad, 2020",
          "ref": "Knapstad M, Lervik LV, Sæther SMM, Aarø LE, Smith ORF. Effectiveness of Prompt Mental Health Care, the Norwegian Version of Improving Access to Psychological Therapies: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(2):90-105. doi: 10.1159/000504453. Epub 2019 Dec 3. PMID: 31794968; PMCID: PMC7158231."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
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        {
          "study": "Nassim, 2021",
          "ref": "Nassim, M., Park, H., Dikaios, E., Potes, A., Elbaz, S., Mc Veigh, C., . . . Rej, S. (2021). Brief Mindfulness Intervention vs. Health Enhancement Program for Patients Undergoing Dialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel), 9(6). doi:10.3390/healthcare9060659"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2013",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2020",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Enrique, A., Eilert, N., Franklin, M., Palacios, J., Duffy, D., . . . Timulak, L. (2020). A pragmatic randomized waitlist-controlled effectiveness and cost-effectiveness trial of digital interventions for depression and anxiety. npj Digital Medicine, 3(1). doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0293-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sadeh-Sharvit, 2023",
          "ref": "Sadeh-Sharvit, S., Camp, T. D., Horton, S. E., Hefner, J. D., Berry, J. M., Grossman, E., & Hollon, S. D. (2023). Effects of an artificial intelligence platform for behavioral interventions on depression and anxiety symptoms: randomized clinical trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e46781."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaeuffele, 2022",
          "ref": "Schaeuffele C, Homeyer S, Perea L, et al. The unified protocol as an Internet-based intervention for emotional disorders: randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022;17:e0270178."
        },
        {
          "study": "Timulak, 2022",
          "ref": "Timulak L, Keogh D, Chigwedere C, et al. A comparison of emotion-focused therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: results of a feasibility randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy (Chic). 2022;59(1):84-95. doi:10.1037/pst0000427"
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        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
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          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
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          "ref": "Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., et al. (2011). Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 441–452."
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          "ref": "Tully, P. J., Turnbull, D. A., Horowitz, J. D., Beltrame, J. F., Baune, B. T., Sauer-Zavala, S., . . . Wittert, G. A. (2022). Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Results From the CHAMPS Pilot-Feasibility Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.741039"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2023",
          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        }
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        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
          "ref": "Bathgate, C. J., Kilbourn, K. M., Murphy, N. H., Wamboldt, F. S., & Holm, K. E. (2022). Pilot RCT of a telehealth intervention to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, 21(2), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.012"
        },
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          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
          "ref": "Bolinski, F., Kleiboer, A., Neijenhuijs, K., Karyotaki, E., Wiers, R., de Koning, L., . . . Riper, H. (2022). Challenges in Recruiting University Students for Web-Based Indicated Prevention of Depression and Anxiety: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial (ICare Prevent). J Med Internet Res, 24(12), e40892. doi:10.2196/4089"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chen, 2023",
          "ref": "Chen, X., Zeng, M., Chen, C., Zhu, D., Chen, L., & Jiang, Z. (2023). Efficacy of Psycho-Cardiology therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with mild anxiety and depression. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 9. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1031255"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2023",
          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
        },
        {
          "study": "Graham, 2020",
          "ref": "Graham, A. K., Greene, C. J., Kwasny, M. J., Kaiser, S. M., Lieponis, P., Powell, T., & Mohr, D. C. (2020). Coached mobile app platform for the treatment of depression and anxiety among primary care patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(9), 906-914. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2023",
          "ref": "Huang, S., Wang, Z., Zheng, D., & Liu, L. (2023). Anxiety disorder in menopausal women and the intervention efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction. American Journal of Translational Research, 15(3), 2016-2024."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2013",
          "ref": "Johansson, R., Björklund, M., Hornborg, C., Karlsson, S., Hesser, H., Ljótsson, B. L., . . . Andersson, G. (2013). Affect-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression and anxiety through the internet: A randomized controlled trial. PeerJ, 2013(1). doi:10.7717/peerj.102"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnston, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnston, L., Titov, N., Andrews, G., Spence, J., & Dear, B. F. (2011). A RCT of a transdiagnostic internet-delivered treatment for three anxiety disorders: examination of support roles and disorder-specific outcomes. PLoS One, 6(11), e28079. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jones, 2016",
          "ref": "Jones, S. L., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Soucy, J. N. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of guided internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with generalized anxiety. J Anxiety Disord, 37, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.10.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Karyotaki, 2022",
          "ref": "Karyotaki, E., Klein, A. M., Ciharova, M., Bolinski, F., Krijnen, L., de Koning, L., . . . Cuijpers, P. (2022). Guided internet-based transdiagnostic individually tailored Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in college students: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 150, 104028. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.104028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kladnitski, 2020",
          "ref": "Kladnitski N, Smith J, Uppal S, James MA, Allen AR, Andrews G, et al. Transdiagnostic internet-delivered CBT and mindfulness-based treatment for depression and anxiety: A randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions. 2020;20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Knapstad, 2020",
          "ref": "Knapstad M, Lervik LV, Sæther SMM, Aarø LE, Smith ORF. Effectiveness of Prompt Mental Health Care, the Norwegian Version of Improving Access to Psychological Therapies: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(2):90-105. doi: 10.1159/000504453. Epub 2019 Dec 3. PMID: 31794968; PMCID: PMC7158231."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nassim, 2021",
          "ref": "Nassim, M., Park, H., Dikaios, E., Potes, A., Elbaz, S., Mc Veigh, C., . . . Rej, S. (2021). Brief Mindfulness Intervention vs. Health Enhancement Program for Patients Undergoing Dialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel), 9(6). doi:10.3390/healthcare9060659"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2013",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2020",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Enrique, A., Eilert, N., Franklin, M., Palacios, J., Duffy, D., . . . Timulak, L. (2020). A pragmatic randomized waitlist-controlled effectiveness and cost-effectiveness trial of digital interventions for depression and anxiety. npj Digital Medicine, 3(1). doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0293-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sadeh-Sharvit, 2023",
          "ref": "Sadeh-Sharvit, S., Camp, T. D., Horton, S. E., Hefner, J. D., Berry, J. M., Grossman, E., & Hollon, S. D. (2023). Effects of an artificial intelligence platform for behavioral interventions on depression and anxiety symptoms: randomized clinical trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e46781."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaeuffele, 2022",
          "ref": "Schaeuffele C, Homeyer S, Perea L, et al. The unified protocol as an Internet-based intervention for emotional disorders: randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022;17:e0270178."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2016",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Timulak, 2022",
          "ref": "Timulak L, Keogh D, Chigwedere C, et al. A comparison of emotion-focused therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: results of a feasibility randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy (Chic). 2022;59(1):84-95. doi:10.1037/pst0000427"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2011",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., et al. (2011). Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 441–452."
        },
        {
          "study": "Torres, 2019",
          "ref": "Torres-Platas SG, Escobar S, Belliveau C, Wu J, Sasi N, Fotso J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Intervention for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. and Psychosomatics. 2019;88(4):254-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
          "ref": "Tully, P. J., Turnbull, D. A., Horowitz, J. D., Beltrame, J. F., Baune, B. T., Sauer-Zavala, S., . . . Wittert, G. A. (2022). Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Results From the CHAMPS Pilot-Feasibility Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.741039"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2023",
          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 669,
      "instr": "GAD-7",
      "full": "Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Age group",
      "sgv": "Older adults",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 5,
      "k_es": 6,
      "sd": 4.219,
      "lo": 3.028,
      "hi": 5.878,
      "tau2": 0.134,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 1.914,
      "phi": 9.299,
      "i2": 94.5,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2023",
          "ref": "Huang, S., Wang, Z., Zheng, D., & Liu, L. (2023). Anxiety disorder in menopausal women and the intervention efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction. American Journal of Translational Research, 15(3), 2016-2024."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jones, 2016",
          "ref": "Jones, S. L., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Soucy, J. N. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of guided internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with generalized anxiety. J Anxiety Disord, 37, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.10.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2016",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Torres, 2019",
          "ref": "Torres-Platas SG, Escobar S, Belliveau C, Wu J, Sasi N, Fotso J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Intervention for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. and Psychosomatics. 2019;88(4):254-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 670,
      "instr": "GAD-7",
      "full": "Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Age group",
      "sgv": "Older adults",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 39,
      "k_es": 48,
      "sd": 4.125,
      "lo": 3.645,
      "hi": 4.668,
      "tau2": 0.1289,
      "tau2w": 0.0068,
      "plo": 1.985,
      "phi": 8.574,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
          "ref": "Bathgate, C. J., Kilbourn, K. M., Murphy, N. H., Wamboldt, F. S., & Holm, K. E. (2022). Pilot RCT of a telehealth intervention to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, 21(2), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
          "ref": "Bolinski, F., Kleiboer, A., Neijenhuijs, K., Karyotaki, E., Wiers, R., de Koning, L., . . . Riper, H. (2022). Challenges in Recruiting University Students for Web-Based Indicated Prevention of Depression and Anxiety: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial (ICare Prevent). J Med Internet Res, 24(12), e40892. doi:10.2196/4089"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chen, 2023",
          "ref": "Chen, X., Zeng, M., Chen, C., Zhu, D., Chen, L., & Jiang, Z. (2023). Efficacy of Psycho-Cardiology therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with mild anxiety and depression. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 9. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1031255"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2023",
          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
        },
        {
          "study": "Graham, 2020",
          "ref": "Graham, A. K., Greene, C. J., Kwasny, M. J., Kaiser, S. M., Lieponis, P., Powell, T., & Mohr, D. C. (2020). Coached mobile app platform for the treatment of depression and anxiety among primary care patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(9), 906-914. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2023",
          "ref": "Huang, S., Wang, Z., Zheng, D., & Liu, L. (2023). Anxiety disorder in menopausal women and the intervention efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction. American Journal of Translational Research, 15(3), 2016-2024."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2013",
          "ref": "Johansson, R., Björklund, M., Hornborg, C., Karlsson, S., Hesser, H., Ljótsson, B. L., . . . Andersson, G. (2013). Affect-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression and anxiety through the internet: A randomized controlled trial. PeerJ, 2013(1). doi:10.7717/peerj.102"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnston, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnston, L., Titov, N., Andrews, G., Spence, J., & Dear, B. F. (2011). A RCT of a transdiagnostic internet-delivered treatment for three anxiety disorders: examination of support roles and disorder-specific outcomes. PLoS One, 6(11), e28079. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jones, 2016",
          "ref": "Jones, S. L., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Soucy, J. N. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of guided internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with generalized anxiety. J Anxiety Disord, 37, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.10.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Karyotaki, 2022",
          "ref": "Karyotaki, E., Klein, A. M., Ciharova, M., Bolinski, F., Krijnen, L., de Koning, L., . . . Cuijpers, P. (2022). Guided internet-based transdiagnostic individually tailored Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in college students: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 150, 104028. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.104028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kladnitski, 2020",
          "ref": "Kladnitski N, Smith J, Uppal S, James MA, Allen AR, Andrews G, et al. Transdiagnostic internet-delivered CBT and mindfulness-based treatment for depression and anxiety: A randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions. 2020;20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Knapstad, 2020",
          "ref": "Knapstad M, Lervik LV, Sæther SMM, Aarø LE, Smith ORF. Effectiveness of Prompt Mental Health Care, the Norwegian Version of Improving Access to Psychological Therapies: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(2):90-105. doi: 10.1159/000504453. Epub 2019 Dec 3. PMID: 31794968; PMCID: PMC7158231."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nassim, 2021",
          "ref": "Nassim, M., Park, H., Dikaios, E., Potes, A., Elbaz, S., Mc Veigh, C., . . . Rej, S. (2021). Brief Mindfulness Intervention vs. Health Enhancement Program for Patients Undergoing Dialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel), 9(6). doi:10.3390/healthcare9060659"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2013",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2020",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Enrique, A., Eilert, N., Franklin, M., Palacios, J., Duffy, D., . . . Timulak, L. (2020). A pragmatic randomized waitlist-controlled effectiveness and cost-effectiveness trial of digital interventions for depression and anxiety. npj Digital Medicine, 3(1). doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0293-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sadeh-Sharvit, 2023",
          "ref": "Sadeh-Sharvit, S., Camp, T. D., Horton, S. E., Hefner, J. D., Berry, J. M., Grossman, E., & Hollon, S. D. (2023). Effects of an artificial intelligence platform for behavioral interventions on depression and anxiety symptoms: randomized clinical trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e46781."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaeuffele, 2022",
          "ref": "Schaeuffele C, Homeyer S, Perea L, et al. The unified protocol as an Internet-based intervention for emotional disorders: randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022;17:e0270178."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2016",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Timulak, 2022",
          "ref": "Timulak L, Keogh D, Chigwedere C, et al. A comparison of emotion-focused therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: results of a feasibility randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy (Chic). 2022;59(1):84-95. doi:10.1037/pst0000427"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2011",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., et al. (2011). Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 441–452."
        },
        {
          "study": "Torres, 2019",
          "ref": "Torres-Platas SG, Escobar S, Belliveau C, Wu J, Sasi N, Fotso J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Intervention for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. and Psychosomatics. 2019;88(4):254-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
          "ref": "Tully, P. J., Turnbull, D. A., Horowitz, J. D., Beltrame, J. F., Baune, B. T., Sauer-Zavala, S., . . . Wittert, G. A. (2022). Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Results From the CHAMPS Pilot-Feasibility Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.741039"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2023",
          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
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        {
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          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
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          "ref": "Bolinski, F., Kleiboer, A., Neijenhuijs, K., Karyotaki, E., Wiers, R., de Koning, L., . . . Riper, H. (2022). Challenges in Recruiting University Students for Web-Based Indicated Prevention of Depression and Anxiety: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial (ICare Prevent). J Med Internet Res, 24(12), e40892. doi:10.2196/4089"
        },
        {
          "study": "Karyotaki, 2022",
          "ref": "Karyotaki, E., Klein, A. M., Ciharova, M., Bolinski, F., Krijnen, L., de Koning, L., . . . Cuijpers, P. (2022). Guided internet-based transdiagnostic individually tailored Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in college students: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 150, 104028. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.104028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        }
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    {
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      "k_es": 48,
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      "hi": 4.668,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
          "ref": "Bathgate, C. J., Kilbourn, K. M., Murphy, N. H., Wamboldt, F. S., & Holm, K. E. (2022). Pilot RCT of a telehealth intervention to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, 21(2), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
          "ref": "Bolinski, F., Kleiboer, A., Neijenhuijs, K., Karyotaki, E., Wiers, R., de Koning, L., . . . Riper, H. (2022). Challenges in Recruiting University Students for Web-Based Indicated Prevention of Depression and Anxiety: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial (ICare Prevent). J Med Internet Res, 24(12), e40892. doi:10.2196/4089"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chen, 2023",
          "ref": "Chen, X., Zeng, M., Chen, C., Zhu, D., Chen, L., & Jiang, Z. (2023). Efficacy of Psycho-Cardiology therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with mild anxiety and depression. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 9. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1031255"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2023",
          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
        },
        {
          "study": "Graham, 2020",
          "ref": "Graham, A. K., Greene, C. J., Kwasny, M. J., Kaiser, S. M., Lieponis, P., Powell, T., & Mohr, D. C. (2020). Coached mobile app platform for the treatment of depression and anxiety among primary care patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(9), 906-914. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2023",
          "ref": "Huang, S., Wang, Z., Zheng, D., & Liu, L. (2023). Anxiety disorder in menopausal women and the intervention efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction. American Journal of Translational Research, 15(3), 2016-2024."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2013",
          "ref": "Johansson, R., Björklund, M., Hornborg, C., Karlsson, S., Hesser, H., Ljótsson, B. L., . . . Andersson, G. (2013). Affect-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression and anxiety through the internet: A randomized controlled trial. PeerJ, 2013(1). doi:10.7717/peerj.102"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnston, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnston, L., Titov, N., Andrews, G., Spence, J., & Dear, B. F. (2011). A RCT of a transdiagnostic internet-delivered treatment for three anxiety disorders: examination of support roles and disorder-specific outcomes. PLoS One, 6(11), e28079. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jones, 2016",
          "ref": "Jones, S. L., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Soucy, J. N. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of guided internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with generalized anxiety. J Anxiety Disord, 37, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.10.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Karyotaki, 2022",
          "ref": "Karyotaki, E., Klein, A. M., Ciharova, M., Bolinski, F., Krijnen, L., de Koning, L., . . . Cuijpers, P. (2022). Guided internet-based transdiagnostic individually tailored Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in college students: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 150, 104028. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.104028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kladnitski, 2020",
          "ref": "Kladnitski N, Smith J, Uppal S, James MA, Allen AR, Andrews G, et al. Transdiagnostic internet-delivered CBT and mindfulness-based treatment for depression and anxiety: A randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions. 2020;20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Knapstad, 2020",
          "ref": "Knapstad M, Lervik LV, Sæther SMM, Aarø LE, Smith ORF. Effectiveness of Prompt Mental Health Care, the Norwegian Version of Improving Access to Psychological Therapies: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(2):90-105. doi: 10.1159/000504453. Epub 2019 Dec 3. PMID: 31794968; PMCID: PMC7158231."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nassim, 2021",
          "ref": "Nassim, M., Park, H., Dikaios, E., Potes, A., Elbaz, S., Mc Veigh, C., . . . Rej, S. (2021). Brief Mindfulness Intervention vs. Health Enhancement Program for Patients Undergoing Dialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel), 9(6). doi:10.3390/healthcare9060659"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2013",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2020",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Enrique, A., Eilert, N., Franklin, M., Palacios, J., Duffy, D., . . . Timulak, L. (2020). A pragmatic randomized waitlist-controlled effectiveness and cost-effectiveness trial of digital interventions for depression and anxiety. npj Digital Medicine, 3(1). doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0293-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sadeh-Sharvit, 2023",
          "ref": "Sadeh-Sharvit, S., Camp, T. D., Horton, S. E., Hefner, J. D., Berry, J. M., Grossman, E., & Hollon, S. D. (2023). Effects of an artificial intelligence platform for behavioral interventions on depression and anxiety symptoms: randomized clinical trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e46781."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaeuffele, 2022",
          "ref": "Schaeuffele C, Homeyer S, Perea L, et al. The unified protocol as an Internet-based intervention for emotional disorders: randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022;17:e0270178."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2016",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Timulak, 2022",
          "ref": "Timulak L, Keogh D, Chigwedere C, et al. A comparison of emotion-focused therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: results of a feasibility randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy (Chic). 2022;59(1):84-95. doi:10.1037/pst0000427"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2011",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., et al. (2011). Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 441–452."
        },
        {
          "study": "Torres, 2019",
          "ref": "Torres-Platas SG, Escobar S, Belliveau C, Wu J, Sasi N, Fotso J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Intervention for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. and Psychosomatics. 2019;88(4):254-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
          "ref": "Tully, P. J., Turnbull, D. A., Horowitz, J. D., Beltrame, J. F., Baune, B. T., Sauer-Zavala, S., . . . Wittert, G. A. (2022). Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Results From the CHAMPS Pilot-Feasibility Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.741039"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2023",
          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        }
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          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jones, 2016",
          "ref": "Jones, S. L., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Soucy, J. N. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of guided internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with generalized anxiety. J Anxiety Disord, 37, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.10.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2016",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Timulak, 2022",
          "ref": "Timulak L, Keogh D, Chigwedere C, et al. A comparison of emotion-focused therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: results of a feasibility randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy (Chic). 2022;59(1):84-95. doi:10.1037/pst0000427"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        }
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        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
          "ref": "Bathgate, C. J., Kilbourn, K. M., Murphy, N. H., Wamboldt, F. S., & Holm, K. E. (2022). Pilot RCT of a telehealth intervention to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, 21(2), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
          "ref": "Bolinski, F., Kleiboer, A., Neijenhuijs, K., Karyotaki, E., Wiers, R., de Koning, L., . . . Riper, H. (2022). Challenges in Recruiting University Students for Web-Based Indicated Prevention of Depression and Anxiety: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial (ICare Prevent). J Med Internet Res, 24(12), e40892. doi:10.2196/4089"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chen, 2023",
          "ref": "Chen, X., Zeng, M., Chen, C., Zhu, D., Chen, L., & Jiang, Z. (2023). Efficacy of Psycho-Cardiology therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with mild anxiety and depression. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 9. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1031255"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2023",
          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
        },
        {
          "study": "Graham, 2020",
          "ref": "Graham, A. K., Greene, C. J., Kwasny, M. J., Kaiser, S. M., Lieponis, P., Powell, T., & Mohr, D. C. (2020). Coached mobile app platform for the treatment of depression and anxiety among primary care patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(9), 906-914. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2023",
          "ref": "Huang, S., Wang, Z., Zheng, D., & Liu, L. (2023). Anxiety disorder in menopausal women and the intervention efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction. American Journal of Translational Research, 15(3), 2016-2024."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2013",
          "ref": "Johansson, R., Björklund, M., Hornborg, C., Karlsson, S., Hesser, H., Ljótsson, B. L., . . . Andersson, G. (2013). Affect-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression and anxiety through the internet: A randomized controlled trial. PeerJ, 2013(1). doi:10.7717/peerj.102"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnston, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnston, L., Titov, N., Andrews, G., Spence, J., & Dear, B. F. (2011). A RCT of a transdiagnostic internet-delivered treatment for three anxiety disorders: examination of support roles and disorder-specific outcomes. PLoS One, 6(11), e28079. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jones, 2016",
          "ref": "Jones, S. L., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Soucy, J. N. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of guided internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with generalized anxiety. J Anxiety Disord, 37, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.10.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Karyotaki, 2022",
          "ref": "Karyotaki, E., Klein, A. M., Ciharova, M., Bolinski, F., Krijnen, L., de Koning, L., . . . Cuijpers, P. (2022). Guided internet-based transdiagnostic individually tailored Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in college students: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 150, 104028. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.104028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kladnitski, 2020",
          "ref": "Kladnitski N, Smith J, Uppal S, James MA, Allen AR, Andrews G, et al. Transdiagnostic internet-delivered CBT and mindfulness-based treatment for depression and anxiety: A randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions. 2020;20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Knapstad, 2020",
          "ref": "Knapstad M, Lervik LV, Sæther SMM, Aarø LE, Smith ORF. Effectiveness of Prompt Mental Health Care, the Norwegian Version of Improving Access to Psychological Therapies: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(2):90-105. doi: 10.1159/000504453. Epub 2019 Dec 3. PMID: 31794968; PMCID: PMC7158231."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nassim, 2021",
          "ref": "Nassim, M., Park, H., Dikaios, E., Potes, A., Elbaz, S., Mc Veigh, C., . . . Rej, S. (2021). Brief Mindfulness Intervention vs. Health Enhancement Program for Patients Undergoing Dialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel), 9(6). doi:10.3390/healthcare9060659"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2013",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2020",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Enrique, A., Eilert, N., Franklin, M., Palacios, J., Duffy, D., . . . Timulak, L. (2020). A pragmatic randomized waitlist-controlled effectiveness and cost-effectiveness trial of digital interventions for depression and anxiety. npj Digital Medicine, 3(1). doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0293-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sadeh-Sharvit, 2023",
          "ref": "Sadeh-Sharvit, S., Camp, T. D., Horton, S. E., Hefner, J. D., Berry, J. M., Grossman, E., & Hollon, S. D. (2023). Effects of an artificial intelligence platform for behavioral interventions on depression and anxiety symptoms: randomized clinical trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e46781."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaeuffele, 2022",
          "ref": "Schaeuffele C, Homeyer S, Perea L, et al. The unified protocol as an Internet-based intervention for emotional disorders: randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022;17:e0270178."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2016",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Timulak, 2022",
          "ref": "Timulak L, Keogh D, Chigwedere C, et al. A comparison of emotion-focused therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: results of a feasibility randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy (Chic). 2022;59(1):84-95. doi:10.1037/pst0000427"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2011",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., et al. (2011). Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 441–452."
        },
        {
          "study": "Torres, 2019",
          "ref": "Torres-Platas SG, Escobar S, Belliveau C, Wu J, Sasi N, Fotso J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Intervention for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. and Psychosomatics. 2019;88(4):254-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
          "ref": "Tully, P. J., Turnbull, D. A., Horowitz, J. D., Beltrame, J. F., Baune, B. T., Sauer-Zavala, S., . . . Wittert, G. A. (2022). Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Results From the CHAMPS Pilot-Feasibility Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.741039"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2023",
          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
          "ref": "Bathgate, C. J., Kilbourn, K. M., Murphy, N. H., Wamboldt, F. S., & Holm, K. E. (2022). Pilot RCT of a telehealth intervention to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, 21(2), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
          "ref": "Bolinski, F., Kleiboer, A., Neijenhuijs, K., Karyotaki, E., Wiers, R., de Koning, L., . . . Riper, H. (2022). Challenges in Recruiting University Students for Web-Based Indicated Prevention of Depression and Anxiety: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial (ICare Prevent). J Med Internet Res, 24(12), e40892. doi:10.2196/4089"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chen, 2023",
          "ref": "Chen, X., Zeng, M., Chen, C., Zhu, D., Chen, L., & Jiang, Z. (2023). Efficacy of Psycho-Cardiology therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with mild anxiety and depression. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 9. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1031255"
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2023",
          "ref": "Huang, S., Wang, Z., Zheng, D., & Liu, L. (2023). Anxiety disorder in menopausal women and the intervention efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction. American Journal of Translational Research, 15(3), 2016-2024."
        },
        {
          "study": "Karyotaki, 2022",
          "ref": "Karyotaki, E., Klein, A. M., Ciharova, M., Bolinski, F., Krijnen, L., de Koning, L., . . . Cuijpers, P. (2022). Guided internet-based transdiagnostic individually tailored Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in college students: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 150, 104028. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.104028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kladnitski, 2020",
          "ref": "Kladnitski N, Smith J, Uppal S, James MA, Allen AR, Andrews G, et al. Transdiagnostic internet-delivered CBT and mindfulness-based treatment for depression and anxiety: A randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions. 2020;20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Knapstad, 2020",
          "ref": "Knapstad M, Lervik LV, Sæther SMM, Aarø LE, Smith ORF. Effectiveness of Prompt Mental Health Care, the Norwegian Version of Improving Access to Psychological Therapies: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(2):90-105. doi: 10.1159/000504453. Epub 2019 Dec 3. PMID: 31794968; PMCID: PMC7158231."
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sadeh-Sharvit, 2023",
          "ref": "Sadeh-Sharvit, S., Camp, T. D., Horton, S. E., Hefner, J. D., Berry, J. M., Grossman, E., & Hollon, S. D. (2023). Effects of an artificial intelligence platform for behavioral interventions on depression and anxiety symptoms: randomized clinical trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e46781."
        },
        {
          "study": "Torres, 2019",
          "ref": "Torres-Platas SG, Escobar S, Belliveau C, Wu J, Sasi N, Fotso J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Intervention for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. and Psychosomatics. 2019;88(4):254-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
          "ref": "Tully, P. J., Turnbull, D. A., Horowitz, J. D., Beltrame, J. F., Baune, B. T., Sauer-Zavala, S., . . . Wittert, G. A. (2022). Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Results From the CHAMPS Pilot-Feasibility Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.741039"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "GAD-7",
      "full": "Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale",
      "indication": null,
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      "sgv": "Care as usual",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
          "ref": "Bathgate, C. J., Kilbourn, K. M., Murphy, N. H., Wamboldt, F. S., & Holm, K. E. (2022). Pilot RCT of a telehealth intervention to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, 21(2), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
          "ref": "Bolinski, F., Kleiboer, A., Neijenhuijs, K., Karyotaki, E., Wiers, R., de Koning, L., . . . Riper, H. (2022). Challenges in Recruiting University Students for Web-Based Indicated Prevention of Depression and Anxiety: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial (ICare Prevent). J Med Internet Res, 24(12), e40892. doi:10.2196/4089"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chen, 2023",
          "ref": "Chen, X., Zeng, M., Chen, C., Zhu, D., Chen, L., & Jiang, Z. (2023). Efficacy of Psycho-Cardiology therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with mild anxiety and depression. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 9. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1031255"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2023",
          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
        },
        {
          "study": "Graham, 2020",
          "ref": "Graham, A. K., Greene, C. J., Kwasny, M. J., Kaiser, S. M., Lieponis, P., Powell, T., & Mohr, D. C. (2020). Coached mobile app platform for the treatment of depression and anxiety among primary care patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(9), 906-914. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2023",
          "ref": "Huang, S., Wang, Z., Zheng, D., & Liu, L. (2023). Anxiety disorder in menopausal women and the intervention efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction. American Journal of Translational Research, 15(3), 2016-2024."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2013",
          "ref": "Johansson, R., Björklund, M., Hornborg, C., Karlsson, S., Hesser, H., Ljótsson, B. L., . . . Andersson, G. (2013). Affect-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression and anxiety through the internet: A randomized controlled trial. PeerJ, 2013(1). doi:10.7717/peerj.102"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnston, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnston, L., Titov, N., Andrews, G., Spence, J., & Dear, B. F. (2011). A RCT of a transdiagnostic internet-delivered treatment for three anxiety disorders: examination of support roles and disorder-specific outcomes. PLoS One, 6(11), e28079. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jones, 2016",
          "ref": "Jones, S. L., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Soucy, J. N. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of guided internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with generalized anxiety. J Anxiety Disord, 37, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.10.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Karyotaki, 2022",
          "ref": "Karyotaki, E., Klein, A. M., Ciharova, M., Bolinski, F., Krijnen, L., de Koning, L., . . . Cuijpers, P. (2022). Guided internet-based transdiagnostic individually tailored Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in college students: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 150, 104028. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.104028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kladnitski, 2020",
          "ref": "Kladnitski N, Smith J, Uppal S, James MA, Allen AR, Andrews G, et al. Transdiagnostic internet-delivered CBT and mindfulness-based treatment for depression and anxiety: A randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions. 2020;20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Knapstad, 2020",
          "ref": "Knapstad M, Lervik LV, Sæther SMM, Aarø LE, Smith ORF. Effectiveness of Prompt Mental Health Care, the Norwegian Version of Improving Access to Psychological Therapies: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(2):90-105. doi: 10.1159/000504453. Epub 2019 Dec 3. PMID: 31794968; PMCID: PMC7158231."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nassim, 2021",
          "ref": "Nassim, M., Park, H., Dikaios, E., Potes, A., Elbaz, S., Mc Veigh, C., . . . Rej, S. (2021). Brief Mindfulness Intervention vs. Health Enhancement Program for Patients Undergoing Dialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel), 9(6). doi:10.3390/healthcare9060659"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2013",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2020",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Enrique, A., Eilert, N., Franklin, M., Palacios, J., Duffy, D., . . . Timulak, L. (2020). A pragmatic randomized waitlist-controlled effectiveness and cost-effectiveness trial of digital interventions for depression and anxiety. npj Digital Medicine, 3(1). doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0293-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sadeh-Sharvit, 2023",
          "ref": "Sadeh-Sharvit, S., Camp, T. D., Horton, S. E., Hefner, J. D., Berry, J. M., Grossman, E., & Hollon, S. D. (2023). Effects of an artificial intelligence platform for behavioral interventions on depression and anxiety symptoms: randomized clinical trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e46781."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaeuffele, 2022",
          "ref": "Schaeuffele C, Homeyer S, Perea L, et al. The unified protocol as an Internet-based intervention for emotional disorders: randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022;17:e0270178."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2016",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Timulak, 2022",
          "ref": "Timulak L, Keogh D, Chigwedere C, et al. A comparison of emotion-focused therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: results of a feasibility randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy (Chic). 2022;59(1):84-95. doi:10.1037/pst0000427"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2011",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., et al. (2011). Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 441–452."
        },
        {
          "study": "Torres, 2019",
          "ref": "Torres-Platas SG, Escobar S, Belliveau C, Wu J, Sasi N, Fotso J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Intervention for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. and Psychosomatics. 2019;88(4):254-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
          "ref": "Tully, P. J., Turnbull, D. A., Horowitz, J. D., Beltrame, J. F., Baune, B. T., Sauer-Zavala, S., . . . Wittert, G. A. (2022). Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Results From the CHAMPS Pilot-Feasibility Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.741039"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2023",
          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 677,
      "instr": "GAD-7",
      "full": "Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale",
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      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 6,
      "k_es": 8,
      "sd": 3.272,
      "lo": 2.004,
      "hi": 5.343,
      "tau2": 0.3686,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 0.903,
      "phi": 11.851,
      "i2": 98.4,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nassim, 2021",
          "ref": "Nassim, M., Park, H., Dikaios, E., Potes, A., Elbaz, S., Mc Veigh, C., . . . Rej, S. (2021). Brief Mindfulness Intervention vs. Health Enhancement Program for Patients Undergoing Dialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel), 9(6). doi:10.3390/healthcare9060659"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Timulak, 2022",
          "ref": "Timulak L, Keogh D, Chigwedere C, et al. A comparison of emotion-focused therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: results of a feasibility randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy (Chic). 2022;59(1):84-95. doi:10.1037/pst0000427"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 678,
      "instr": "GAD-7",
      "full": "Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Control condition",
      "sgv": "Other",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 39,
      "k_es": 48,
      "sd": 4.125,
      "lo": 3.645,
      "hi": 4.668,
      "tau2": 0.1289,
      "tau2w": 0.0068,
      "plo": 1.985,
      "phi": 8.574,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
          "ref": "Bathgate, C. J., Kilbourn, K. M., Murphy, N. H., Wamboldt, F. S., & Holm, K. E. (2022). Pilot RCT of a telehealth intervention to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, 21(2), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
          "ref": "Bolinski, F., Kleiboer, A., Neijenhuijs, K., Karyotaki, E., Wiers, R., de Koning, L., . . . Riper, H. (2022). Challenges in Recruiting University Students for Web-Based Indicated Prevention of Depression and Anxiety: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial (ICare Prevent). J Med Internet Res, 24(12), e40892. doi:10.2196/4089"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chen, 2023",
          "ref": "Chen, X., Zeng, M., Chen, C., Zhu, D., Chen, L., & Jiang, Z. (2023). Efficacy of Psycho-Cardiology therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with mild anxiety and depression. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 9. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1031255"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2023",
          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
        },
        {
          "study": "Graham, 2020",
          "ref": "Graham, A. K., Greene, C. J., Kwasny, M. J., Kaiser, S. M., Lieponis, P., Powell, T., & Mohr, D. C. (2020). Coached mobile app platform for the treatment of depression and anxiety among primary care patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(9), 906-914. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2023",
          "ref": "Huang, S., Wang, Z., Zheng, D., & Liu, L. (2023). Anxiety disorder in menopausal women and the intervention efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction. American Journal of Translational Research, 15(3), 2016-2024."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2013",
          "ref": "Johansson, R., Björklund, M., Hornborg, C., Karlsson, S., Hesser, H., Ljótsson, B. L., . . . Andersson, G. (2013). Affect-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression and anxiety through the internet: A randomized controlled trial. PeerJ, 2013(1). doi:10.7717/peerj.102"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnston, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnston, L., Titov, N., Andrews, G., Spence, J., & Dear, B. F. (2011). A RCT of a transdiagnostic internet-delivered treatment for three anxiety disorders: examination of support roles and disorder-specific outcomes. PLoS One, 6(11), e28079. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jones, 2016",
          "ref": "Jones, S. L., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Soucy, J. N. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of guided internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with generalized anxiety. J Anxiety Disord, 37, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.10.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Karyotaki, 2022",
          "ref": "Karyotaki, E., Klein, A. M., Ciharova, M., Bolinski, F., Krijnen, L., de Koning, L., . . . Cuijpers, P. (2022). Guided internet-based transdiagnostic individually tailored Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in college students: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 150, 104028. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.104028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kladnitski, 2020",
          "ref": "Kladnitski N, Smith J, Uppal S, James MA, Allen AR, Andrews G, et al. Transdiagnostic internet-delivered CBT and mindfulness-based treatment for depression and anxiety: A randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions. 2020;20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Knapstad, 2020",
          "ref": "Knapstad M, Lervik LV, Sæther SMM, Aarø LE, Smith ORF. Effectiveness of Prompt Mental Health Care, the Norwegian Version of Improving Access to Psychological Therapies: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(2):90-105. doi: 10.1159/000504453. Epub 2019 Dec 3. PMID: 31794968; PMCID: PMC7158231."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nassim, 2021",
          "ref": "Nassim, M., Park, H., Dikaios, E., Potes, A., Elbaz, S., Mc Veigh, C., . . . Rej, S. (2021). Brief Mindfulness Intervention vs. Health Enhancement Program for Patients Undergoing Dialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel), 9(6). doi:10.3390/healthcare9060659"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2013",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2020",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Enrique, A., Eilert, N., Franklin, M., Palacios, J., Duffy, D., . . . Timulak, L. (2020). A pragmatic randomized waitlist-controlled effectiveness and cost-effectiveness trial of digital interventions for depression and anxiety. npj Digital Medicine, 3(1). doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0293-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sadeh-Sharvit, 2023",
          "ref": "Sadeh-Sharvit, S., Camp, T. D., Horton, S. E., Hefner, J. D., Berry, J. M., Grossman, E., & Hollon, S. D. (2023). Effects of an artificial intelligence platform for behavioral interventions on depression and anxiety symptoms: randomized clinical trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e46781."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaeuffele, 2022",
          "ref": "Schaeuffele C, Homeyer S, Perea L, et al. The unified protocol as an Internet-based intervention for emotional disorders: randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022;17:e0270178."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2016",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Timulak, 2022",
          "ref": "Timulak L, Keogh D, Chigwedere C, et al. A comparison of emotion-focused therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: results of a feasibility randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy (Chic). 2022;59(1):84-95. doi:10.1037/pst0000427"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2011",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., et al. (2011). Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 441–452."
        },
        {
          "study": "Torres, 2019",
          "ref": "Torres-Platas SG, Escobar S, Belliveau C, Wu J, Sasi N, Fotso J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Intervention for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. and Psychosomatics. 2019;88(4):254-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
          "ref": "Tully, P. J., Turnbull, D. A., Horowitz, J. D., Beltrame, J. F., Baune, B. T., Sauer-Zavala, S., . . . Wittert, G. A. (2022). Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Results From the CHAMPS Pilot-Feasibility Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.741039"
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          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
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          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
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          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
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          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2023",
          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
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          "ref": "Graham, A. K., Greene, C. J., Kwasny, M. J., Kaiser, S. M., Lieponis, P., Powell, T., & Mohr, D. C. (2020). Coached mobile app platform for the treatment of depression and anxiety among primary care patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(9), 906-914. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1012"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Johansson, R., Björklund, M., Hornborg, C., Karlsson, S., Hesser, H., Ljótsson, B. L., . . . Andersson, G. (2013). Affect-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression and anxiety through the internet: A randomized controlled trial. PeerJ, 2013(1). doi:10.7717/peerj.102"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnston, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnston, L., Titov, N., Andrews, G., Spence, J., & Dear, B. F. (2011). A RCT of a transdiagnostic internet-delivered treatment for three anxiety disorders: examination of support roles and disorder-specific outcomes. PLoS One, 6(11), e28079. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028079"
        },
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          "ref": "Jones, S. L., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Soucy, J. N. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of guided internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with generalized anxiety. J Anxiety Disord, 37, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.10.006"
        },
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          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
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          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2020",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Enrique, A., Eilert, N., Franklin, M., Palacios, J., Duffy, D., . . . Timulak, L. (2020). A pragmatic randomized waitlist-controlled effectiveness and cost-effectiveness trial of digital interventions for depression and anxiety. npj Digital Medicine, 3(1). doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0293-8"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
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          "ref": "Schaeuffele C, Homeyer S, Perea L, et al. The unified protocol as an Internet-based intervention for emotional disorders: randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022;17:e0270178."
        },
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        {
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        {
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          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
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          "ref": "Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., et al. (2011). Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 441–452."
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        {
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          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
          "ref": "Bathgate, C. J., Kilbourn, K. M., Murphy, N. H., Wamboldt, F. S., & Holm, K. E. (2022). Pilot RCT of a telehealth intervention to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, 21(2), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
          "ref": "Bolinski, F., Kleiboer, A., Neijenhuijs, K., Karyotaki, E., Wiers, R., de Koning, L., . . . Riper, H. (2022). Challenges in Recruiting University Students for Web-Based Indicated Prevention of Depression and Anxiety: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial (ICare Prevent). J Med Internet Res, 24(12), e40892. doi:10.2196/4089"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chen, 2023",
          "ref": "Chen, X., Zeng, M., Chen, C., Zhu, D., Chen, L., & Jiang, Z. (2023). Efficacy of Psycho-Cardiology therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with mild anxiety and depression. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 9. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1031255"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2023",
          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
        },
        {
          "study": "Graham, 2020",
          "ref": "Graham, A. K., Greene, C. J., Kwasny, M. J., Kaiser, S. M., Lieponis, P., Powell, T., & Mohr, D. C. (2020). Coached mobile app platform for the treatment of depression and anxiety among primary care patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(9), 906-914. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2023",
          "ref": "Huang, S., Wang, Z., Zheng, D., & Liu, L. (2023). Anxiety disorder in menopausal women and the intervention efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction. American Journal of Translational Research, 15(3), 2016-2024."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2013",
          "ref": "Johansson, R., Björklund, M., Hornborg, C., Karlsson, S., Hesser, H., Ljótsson, B. L., . . . Andersson, G. (2013). Affect-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression and anxiety through the internet: A randomized controlled trial. PeerJ, 2013(1). doi:10.7717/peerj.102"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnston, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnston, L., Titov, N., Andrews, G., Spence, J., & Dear, B. F. (2011). A RCT of a transdiagnostic internet-delivered treatment for three anxiety disorders: examination of support roles and disorder-specific outcomes. PLoS One, 6(11), e28079. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jones, 2016",
          "ref": "Jones, S. L., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Soucy, J. N. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of guided internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with generalized anxiety. J Anxiety Disord, 37, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.10.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Karyotaki, 2022",
          "ref": "Karyotaki, E., Klein, A. M., Ciharova, M., Bolinski, F., Krijnen, L., de Koning, L., . . . Cuijpers, P. (2022). Guided internet-based transdiagnostic individually tailored Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in college students: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 150, 104028. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.104028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kladnitski, 2020",
          "ref": "Kladnitski N, Smith J, Uppal S, James MA, Allen AR, Andrews G, et al. Transdiagnostic internet-delivered CBT and mindfulness-based treatment for depression and anxiety: A randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions. 2020;20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Knapstad, 2020",
          "ref": "Knapstad M, Lervik LV, Sæther SMM, Aarø LE, Smith ORF. Effectiveness of Prompt Mental Health Care, the Norwegian Version of Improving Access to Psychological Therapies: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(2):90-105. doi: 10.1159/000504453. Epub 2019 Dec 3. PMID: 31794968; PMCID: PMC7158231."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nassim, 2021",
          "ref": "Nassim, M., Park, H., Dikaios, E., Potes, A., Elbaz, S., Mc Veigh, C., . . . Rej, S. (2021). Brief Mindfulness Intervention vs. Health Enhancement Program for Patients Undergoing Dialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel), 9(6). doi:10.3390/healthcare9060659"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2013",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2020",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Enrique, A., Eilert, N., Franklin, M., Palacios, J., Duffy, D., . . . Timulak, L. (2020). A pragmatic randomized waitlist-controlled effectiveness and cost-effectiveness trial of digital interventions for depression and anxiety. npj Digital Medicine, 3(1). doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0293-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sadeh-Sharvit, 2023",
          "ref": "Sadeh-Sharvit, S., Camp, T. D., Horton, S. E., Hefner, J. D., Berry, J. M., Grossman, E., & Hollon, S. D. (2023). Effects of an artificial intelligence platform for behavioral interventions on depression and anxiety symptoms: randomized clinical trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e46781."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaeuffele, 2022",
          "ref": "Schaeuffele C, Homeyer S, Perea L, et al. The unified protocol as an Internet-based intervention for emotional disorders: randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022;17:e0270178."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2016",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Timulak, 2022",
          "ref": "Timulak L, Keogh D, Chigwedere C, et al. A comparison of emotion-focused therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: results of a feasibility randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy (Chic). 2022;59(1):84-95. doi:10.1037/pst0000427"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2011",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., et al. (2011). Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 441–452."
        },
        {
          "study": "Torres, 2019",
          "ref": "Torres-Platas SG, Escobar S, Belliveau C, Wu J, Sasi N, Fotso J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Intervention for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. and Psychosomatics. 2019;88(4):254-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
          "ref": "Tully, P. J., Turnbull, D. A., Horowitz, J. D., Beltrame, J. F., Baune, B. T., Sauer-Zavala, S., . . . Wittert, G. A. (2022). Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Results From the CHAMPS Pilot-Feasibility Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.741039"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2023",
          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        }
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        {
          "study": "Chen, 2023",
          "ref": "Chen, X., Zeng, M., Chen, C., Zhu, D., Chen, L., & Jiang, Z. (2023). Efficacy of Psycho-Cardiology therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with mild anxiety and depression. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 9. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1031255"
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2023",
          "ref": "Huang, S., Wang, Z., Zheng, D., & Liu, L. (2023). Anxiety disorder in menopausal women and the intervention efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction. American Journal of Translational Research, 15(3), 2016-2024."
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          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
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        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
          "ref": "Bathgate, C. J., Kilbourn, K. M., Murphy, N. H., Wamboldt, F. S., & Holm, K. E. (2022). Pilot RCT of a telehealth intervention to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, 21(2), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
          "ref": "Bolinski, F., Kleiboer, A., Neijenhuijs, K., Karyotaki, E., Wiers, R., de Koning, L., . . . Riper, H. (2022). Challenges in Recruiting University Students for Web-Based Indicated Prevention of Depression and Anxiety: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial (ICare Prevent). J Med Internet Res, 24(12), e40892. doi:10.2196/4089"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chen, 2023",
          "ref": "Chen, X., Zeng, M., Chen, C., Zhu, D., Chen, L., & Jiang, Z. (2023). Efficacy of Psycho-Cardiology therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with mild anxiety and depression. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 9. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1031255"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2023",
          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
        },
        {
          "study": "Graham, 2020",
          "ref": "Graham, A. K., Greene, C. J., Kwasny, M. J., Kaiser, S. M., Lieponis, P., Powell, T., & Mohr, D. C. (2020). Coached mobile app platform for the treatment of depression and anxiety among primary care patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(9), 906-914. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2023",
          "ref": "Huang, S., Wang, Z., Zheng, D., & Liu, L. (2023). Anxiety disorder in menopausal women and the intervention efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction. American Journal of Translational Research, 15(3), 2016-2024."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2013",
          "ref": "Johansson, R., Björklund, M., Hornborg, C., Karlsson, S., Hesser, H., Ljótsson, B. L., . . . Andersson, G. (2013). Affect-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression and anxiety through the internet: A randomized controlled trial. PeerJ, 2013(1). doi:10.7717/peerj.102"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnston, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnston, L., Titov, N., Andrews, G., Spence, J., & Dear, B. F. (2011). A RCT of a transdiagnostic internet-delivered treatment for three anxiety disorders: examination of support roles and disorder-specific outcomes. PLoS One, 6(11), e28079. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jones, 2016",
          "ref": "Jones, S. L., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Soucy, J. N. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of guided internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with generalized anxiety. J Anxiety Disord, 37, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.10.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Karyotaki, 2022",
          "ref": "Karyotaki, E., Klein, A. M., Ciharova, M., Bolinski, F., Krijnen, L., de Koning, L., . . . Cuijpers, P. (2022). Guided internet-based transdiagnostic individually tailored Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in college students: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 150, 104028. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.104028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kladnitski, 2020",
          "ref": "Kladnitski N, Smith J, Uppal S, James MA, Allen AR, Andrews G, et al. Transdiagnostic internet-delivered CBT and mindfulness-based treatment for depression and anxiety: A randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions. 2020;20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Knapstad, 2020",
          "ref": "Knapstad M, Lervik LV, Sæther SMM, Aarø LE, Smith ORF. Effectiveness of Prompt Mental Health Care, the Norwegian Version of Improving Access to Psychological Therapies: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(2):90-105. doi: 10.1159/000504453. Epub 2019 Dec 3. PMID: 31794968; PMCID: PMC7158231."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nassim, 2021",
          "ref": "Nassim, M., Park, H., Dikaios, E., Potes, A., Elbaz, S., Mc Veigh, C., . . . Rej, S. (2021). Brief Mindfulness Intervention vs. Health Enhancement Program for Patients Undergoing Dialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel), 9(6). doi:10.3390/healthcare9060659"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2013",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2020",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Enrique, A., Eilert, N., Franklin, M., Palacios, J., Duffy, D., . . . Timulak, L. (2020). A pragmatic randomized waitlist-controlled effectiveness and cost-effectiveness trial of digital interventions for depression and anxiety. npj Digital Medicine, 3(1). doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0293-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sadeh-Sharvit, 2023",
          "ref": "Sadeh-Sharvit, S., Camp, T. D., Horton, S. E., Hefner, J. D., Berry, J. M., Grossman, E., & Hollon, S. D. (2023). Effects of an artificial intelligence platform for behavioral interventions on depression and anxiety symptoms: randomized clinical trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e46781."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaeuffele, 2022",
          "ref": "Schaeuffele C, Homeyer S, Perea L, et al. The unified protocol as an Internet-based intervention for emotional disorders: randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022;17:e0270178."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2016",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Timulak, 2022",
          "ref": "Timulak L, Keogh D, Chigwedere C, et al. A comparison of emotion-focused therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: results of a feasibility randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy (Chic). 2022;59(1):84-95. doi:10.1037/pst0000427"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2011",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., et al. (2011). Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 441–452."
        },
        {
          "study": "Torres, 2019",
          "ref": "Torres-Platas SG, Escobar S, Belliveau C, Wu J, Sasi N, Fotso J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Intervention for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. and Psychosomatics. 2019;88(4):254-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
          "ref": "Tully, P. J., Turnbull, D. A., Horowitz, J. D., Beltrame, J. F., Baune, B. T., Sauer-Zavala, S., . . . Wittert, G. A. (2022). Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Results From the CHAMPS Pilot-Feasibility Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.741039"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2023",
          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
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          "ref": "Bolinski, F., Kleiboer, A., Neijenhuijs, K., Karyotaki, E., Wiers, R., de Koning, L., . . . Riper, H. (2022). Challenges in Recruiting University Students for Web-Based Indicated Prevention of Depression and Anxiety: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial (ICare Prevent). J Med Internet Res, 24(12), e40892. doi:10.2196/4089"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2023",
          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2013",
          "ref": "Johansson, R., Björklund, M., Hornborg, C., Karlsson, S., Hesser, H., Ljótsson, B. L., . . . Andersson, G. (2013). Affect-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression and anxiety through the internet: A randomized controlled trial. PeerJ, 2013(1). doi:10.7717/peerj.102"
        },
        {
          "study": "Karyotaki, 2022",
          "ref": "Karyotaki, E., Klein, A. M., Ciharova, M., Bolinski, F., Krijnen, L., de Koning, L., . . . Cuijpers, P. (2022). Guided internet-based transdiagnostic individually tailored Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in college students: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 150, 104028. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.104028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Knapstad, 2020",
          "ref": "Knapstad M, Lervik LV, Sæther SMM, Aarø LE, Smith ORF. Effectiveness of Prompt Mental Health Care, the Norwegian Version of Improving Access to Psychological Therapies: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(2):90-105. doi: 10.1159/000504453. Epub 2019 Dec 3. PMID: 31794968; PMCID: PMC7158231."
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2013",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2020",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Enrique, A., Eilert, N., Franklin, M., Palacios, J., Duffy, D., . . . Timulak, L. (2020). A pragmatic randomized waitlist-controlled effectiveness and cost-effectiveness trial of digital interventions for depression and anxiety. npj Digital Medicine, 3(1). doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0293-8"
        },
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          "study": "Schaeuffele, 2022",
          "ref": "Schaeuffele C, Homeyer S, Perea L, et al. The unified protocol as an Internet-based intervention for emotional disorders: randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022;17:e0270178."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Timulak L, Keogh D, Chigwedere C, et al. A comparison of emotion-focused therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: results of a feasibility randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy (Chic). 2022;59(1):84-95. doi:10.1037/pst0000427"
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          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
          "ref": "Bathgate, C. J., Kilbourn, K. M., Murphy, N. H., Wamboldt, F. S., & Holm, K. E. (2022). Pilot RCT of a telehealth intervention to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, 21(2), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
          "ref": "Bolinski, F., Kleiboer, A., Neijenhuijs, K., Karyotaki, E., Wiers, R., de Koning, L., . . . Riper, H. (2022). Challenges in Recruiting University Students for Web-Based Indicated Prevention of Depression and Anxiety: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial (ICare Prevent). J Med Internet Res, 24(12), e40892. doi:10.2196/4089"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chen, 2023",
          "ref": "Chen, X., Zeng, M., Chen, C., Zhu, D., Chen, L., & Jiang, Z. (2023). Efficacy of Psycho-Cardiology therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with mild anxiety and depression. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 9. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1031255"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2023",
          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
        },
        {
          "study": "Graham, 2020",
          "ref": "Graham, A. K., Greene, C. J., Kwasny, M. J., Kaiser, S. M., Lieponis, P., Powell, T., & Mohr, D. C. (2020). Coached mobile app platform for the treatment of depression and anxiety among primary care patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(9), 906-914. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2023",
          "ref": "Huang, S., Wang, Z., Zheng, D., & Liu, L. (2023). Anxiety disorder in menopausal women and the intervention efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction. American Journal of Translational Research, 15(3), 2016-2024."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2013",
          "ref": "Johansson, R., Björklund, M., Hornborg, C., Karlsson, S., Hesser, H., Ljótsson, B. L., . . . Andersson, G. (2013). Affect-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression and anxiety through the internet: A randomized controlled trial. PeerJ, 2013(1). doi:10.7717/peerj.102"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnston, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnston, L., Titov, N., Andrews, G., Spence, J., & Dear, B. F. (2011). A RCT of a transdiagnostic internet-delivered treatment for three anxiety disorders: examination of support roles and disorder-specific outcomes. PLoS One, 6(11), e28079. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jones, 2016",
          "ref": "Jones, S. L., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Soucy, J. N. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of guided internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with generalized anxiety. J Anxiety Disord, 37, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.10.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Karyotaki, 2022",
          "ref": "Karyotaki, E., Klein, A. M., Ciharova, M., Bolinski, F., Krijnen, L., de Koning, L., . . . Cuijpers, P. (2022). Guided internet-based transdiagnostic individually tailored Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in college students: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 150, 104028. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.104028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kladnitski, 2020",
          "ref": "Kladnitski N, Smith J, Uppal S, James MA, Allen AR, Andrews G, et al. Transdiagnostic internet-delivered CBT and mindfulness-based treatment for depression and anxiety: A randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions. 2020;20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Knapstad, 2020",
          "ref": "Knapstad M, Lervik LV, Sæther SMM, Aarø LE, Smith ORF. Effectiveness of Prompt Mental Health Care, the Norwegian Version of Improving Access to Psychological Therapies: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(2):90-105. doi: 10.1159/000504453. Epub 2019 Dec 3. PMID: 31794968; PMCID: PMC7158231."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nassim, 2021",
          "ref": "Nassim, M., Park, H., Dikaios, E., Potes, A., Elbaz, S., Mc Veigh, C., . . . Rej, S. (2021). Brief Mindfulness Intervention vs. Health Enhancement Program for Patients Undergoing Dialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel), 9(6). doi:10.3390/healthcare9060659"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2013",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2020",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Enrique, A., Eilert, N., Franklin, M., Palacios, J., Duffy, D., . . . Timulak, L. (2020). A pragmatic randomized waitlist-controlled effectiveness and cost-effectiveness trial of digital interventions for depression and anxiety. npj Digital Medicine, 3(1). doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0293-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sadeh-Sharvit, 2023",
          "ref": "Sadeh-Sharvit, S., Camp, T. D., Horton, S. E., Hefner, J. D., Berry, J. M., Grossman, E., & Hollon, S. D. (2023). Effects of an artificial intelligence platform for behavioral interventions on depression and anxiety symptoms: randomized clinical trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e46781."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaeuffele, 2022",
          "ref": "Schaeuffele C, Homeyer S, Perea L, et al. The unified protocol as an Internet-based intervention for emotional disorders: randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022;17:e0270178."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2016",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Timulak, 2022",
          "ref": "Timulak L, Keogh D, Chigwedere C, et al. A comparison of emotion-focused therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: results of a feasibility randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy (Chic). 2022;59(1):84-95. doi:10.1037/pst0000427"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2011",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., et al. (2011). Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 441–452."
        },
        {
          "study": "Torres, 2019",
          "ref": "Torres-Platas SG, Escobar S, Belliveau C, Wu J, Sasi N, Fotso J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Intervention for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. and Psychosomatics. 2019;88(4):254-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
          "ref": "Tully, P. J., Turnbull, D. A., Horowitz, J. D., Beltrame, J. F., Baune, B. T., Sauer-Zavala, S., . . . Wittert, G. A. (2022). Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Results From the CHAMPS Pilot-Feasibility Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.741039"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2023",
          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "k": 8,
      "k_es": 8,
      "sd": 4.566,
      "lo": 4.108,
      "hi": 5.075,
      "tau2": 0.0117,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.603,
      "phi": 5.787,
      "i2": 53.1,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
          "ref": "Bathgate, C. J., Kilbourn, K. M., Murphy, N. H., Wamboldt, F. S., & Holm, K. E. (2022). Pilot RCT of a telehealth intervention to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, 21(2), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Graham, 2020",
          "ref": "Graham, A. K., Greene, C. J., Kwasny, M. J., Kaiser, S. M., Lieponis, P., Powell, T., & Mohr, D. C. (2020). Coached mobile app platform for the treatment of depression and anxiety among primary care patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(9), 906-914. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jones, 2016",
          "ref": "Jones, S. L., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Soucy, J. N. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of guided internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with generalized anxiety. J Anxiety Disord, 37, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.10.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nassim, 2021",
          "ref": "Nassim, M., Park, H., Dikaios, E., Potes, A., Elbaz, S., Mc Veigh, C., . . . Rej, S. (2021). Brief Mindfulness Intervention vs. Health Enhancement Program for Patients Undergoing Dialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel), 9(6). doi:10.3390/healthcare9060659"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sadeh-Sharvit, 2023",
          "ref": "Sadeh-Sharvit, S., Camp, T. D., Horton, S. E., Hefner, J. D., Berry, J. M., Grossman, E., & Hollon, S. D. (2023). Effects of an artificial intelligence platform for behavioral interventions on depression and anxiety symptoms: randomized clinical trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e46781."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2016",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Torres, 2019",
          "ref": "Torres-Platas SG, Escobar S, Belliveau C, Wu J, Sasi N, Fotso J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Intervention for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. and Psychosomatics. 2019;88(4):254-6."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 686,
      "instr": "GAD-7",
      "full": "Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "North America",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 39,
      "k_es": 48,
      "sd": 4.125,
      "lo": 3.645,
      "hi": 4.668,
      "tau2": 0.1289,
      "tau2w": 0.0068,
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      "phi": 8.574,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
          "ref": "Bathgate, C. J., Kilbourn, K. M., Murphy, N. H., Wamboldt, F. S., & Holm, K. E. (2022). Pilot RCT of a telehealth intervention to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, 21(2), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
          "ref": "Bolinski, F., Kleiboer, A., Neijenhuijs, K., Karyotaki, E., Wiers, R., de Koning, L., . . . Riper, H. (2022). Challenges in Recruiting University Students for Web-Based Indicated Prevention of Depression and Anxiety: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial (ICare Prevent). J Med Internet Res, 24(12), e40892. doi:10.2196/4089"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chen, 2023",
          "ref": "Chen, X., Zeng, M., Chen, C., Zhu, D., Chen, L., & Jiang, Z. (2023). Efficacy of Psycho-Cardiology therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with mild anxiety and depression. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 9. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1031255"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2023",
          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
        },
        {
          "study": "Graham, 2020",
          "ref": "Graham, A. K., Greene, C. J., Kwasny, M. J., Kaiser, S. M., Lieponis, P., Powell, T., & Mohr, D. C. (2020). Coached mobile app platform for the treatment of depression and anxiety among primary care patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(9), 906-914. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2023",
          "ref": "Huang, S., Wang, Z., Zheng, D., & Liu, L. (2023). Anxiety disorder in menopausal women and the intervention efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction. American Journal of Translational Research, 15(3), 2016-2024."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2013",
          "ref": "Johansson, R., Björklund, M., Hornborg, C., Karlsson, S., Hesser, H., Ljótsson, B. L., . . . Andersson, G. (2013). Affect-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression and anxiety through the internet: A randomized controlled trial. PeerJ, 2013(1). doi:10.7717/peerj.102"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnston, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnston, L., Titov, N., Andrews, G., Spence, J., & Dear, B. F. (2011). A RCT of a transdiagnostic internet-delivered treatment for three anxiety disorders: examination of support roles and disorder-specific outcomes. PLoS One, 6(11), e28079. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jones, 2016",
          "ref": "Jones, S. L., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Soucy, J. N. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of guided internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with generalized anxiety. J Anxiety Disord, 37, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.10.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Karyotaki, 2022",
          "ref": "Karyotaki, E., Klein, A. M., Ciharova, M., Bolinski, F., Krijnen, L., de Koning, L., . . . Cuijpers, P. (2022). Guided internet-based transdiagnostic individually tailored Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in college students: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 150, 104028. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.104028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kladnitski, 2020",
          "ref": "Kladnitski N, Smith J, Uppal S, James MA, Allen AR, Andrews G, et al. Transdiagnostic internet-delivered CBT and mindfulness-based treatment for depression and anxiety: A randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions. 2020;20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Knapstad, 2020",
          "ref": "Knapstad M, Lervik LV, Sæther SMM, Aarø LE, Smith ORF. Effectiveness of Prompt Mental Health Care, the Norwegian Version of Improving Access to Psychological Therapies: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(2):90-105. doi: 10.1159/000504453. Epub 2019 Dec 3. PMID: 31794968; PMCID: PMC7158231."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nassim, 2021",
          "ref": "Nassim, M., Park, H., Dikaios, E., Potes, A., Elbaz, S., Mc Veigh, C., . . . Rej, S. (2021). Brief Mindfulness Intervention vs. Health Enhancement Program for Patients Undergoing Dialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel), 9(6). doi:10.3390/healthcare9060659"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2013",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2020",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Enrique, A., Eilert, N., Franklin, M., Palacios, J., Duffy, D., . . . Timulak, L. (2020). A pragmatic randomized waitlist-controlled effectiveness and cost-effectiveness trial of digital interventions for depression and anxiety. npj Digital Medicine, 3(1). doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0293-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
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          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
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          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
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        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
          "ref": "Bathgate, C. J., Kilbourn, K. M., Murphy, N. H., Wamboldt, F. S., & Holm, K. E. (2022). Pilot RCT of a telehealth intervention to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, 21(2), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.012"
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        {
          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
          "ref": "Bolinski, F., Kleiboer, A., Neijenhuijs, K., Karyotaki, E., Wiers, R., de Koning, L., . . . Riper, H. (2022). Challenges in Recruiting University Students for Web-Based Indicated Prevention of Depression and Anxiety: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial (ICare Prevent). J Med Internet Res, 24(12), e40892. doi:10.2196/4089"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chen, 2023",
          "ref": "Chen, X., Zeng, M., Chen, C., Zhu, D., Chen, L., & Jiang, Z. (2023). Efficacy of Psycho-Cardiology therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with mild anxiety and depression. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 9. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1031255"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2023",
          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
        },
        {
          "study": "Graham, 2020",
          "ref": "Graham, A. K., Greene, C. J., Kwasny, M. J., Kaiser, S. M., Lieponis, P., Powell, T., & Mohr, D. C. (2020). Coached mobile app platform for the treatment of depression and anxiety among primary care patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(9), 906-914. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2023",
          "ref": "Huang, S., Wang, Z., Zheng, D., & Liu, L. (2023). Anxiety disorder in menopausal women and the intervention efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction. American Journal of Translational Research, 15(3), 2016-2024."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2013",
          "ref": "Johansson, R., Björklund, M., Hornborg, C., Karlsson, S., Hesser, H., Ljótsson, B. L., . . . Andersson, G. (2013). Affect-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression and anxiety through the internet: A randomized controlled trial. PeerJ, 2013(1). doi:10.7717/peerj.102"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnston, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnston, L., Titov, N., Andrews, G., Spence, J., & Dear, B. F. (2011). A RCT of a transdiagnostic internet-delivered treatment for three anxiety disorders: examination of support roles and disorder-specific outcomes. PLoS One, 6(11), e28079. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jones, 2016",
          "ref": "Jones, S. L., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Soucy, J. N. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of guided internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with generalized anxiety. J Anxiety Disord, 37, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.10.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Karyotaki, 2022",
          "ref": "Karyotaki, E., Klein, A. M., Ciharova, M., Bolinski, F., Krijnen, L., de Koning, L., . . . Cuijpers, P. (2022). Guided internet-based transdiagnostic individually tailored Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in college students: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 150, 104028. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.104028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kladnitski, 2020",
          "ref": "Kladnitski N, Smith J, Uppal S, James MA, Allen AR, Andrews G, et al. Transdiagnostic internet-delivered CBT and mindfulness-based treatment for depression and anxiety: A randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions. 2020;20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Knapstad, 2020",
          "ref": "Knapstad M, Lervik LV, Sæther SMM, Aarø LE, Smith ORF. Effectiveness of Prompt Mental Health Care, the Norwegian Version of Improving Access to Psychological Therapies: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(2):90-105. doi: 10.1159/000504453. Epub 2019 Dec 3. PMID: 31794968; PMCID: PMC7158231."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nassim, 2021",
          "ref": "Nassim, M., Park, H., Dikaios, E., Potes, A., Elbaz, S., Mc Veigh, C., . . . Rej, S. (2021). Brief Mindfulness Intervention vs. Health Enhancement Program for Patients Undergoing Dialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel), 9(6). doi:10.3390/healthcare9060659"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2013",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2020",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Enrique, A., Eilert, N., Franklin, M., Palacios, J., Duffy, D., . . . Timulak, L. (2020). A pragmatic randomized waitlist-controlled effectiveness and cost-effectiveness trial of digital interventions for depression and anxiety. npj Digital Medicine, 3(1). doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0293-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
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          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sadeh-Sharvit, 2023",
          "ref": "Sadeh-Sharvit, S., Camp, T. D., Horton, S. E., Hefner, J. D., Berry, J. M., Grossman, E., & Hollon, S. D. (2023). Effects of an artificial intelligence platform for behavioral interventions on depression and anxiety symptoms: randomized clinical trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e46781."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaeuffele, 2022",
          "ref": "Schaeuffele C, Homeyer S, Perea L, et al. The unified protocol as an Internet-based intervention for emotional disorders: randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022;17:e0270178."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2016",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Timulak, 2022",
          "ref": "Timulak L, Keogh D, Chigwedere C, et al. A comparison of emotion-focused therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: results of a feasibility randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy (Chic). 2022;59(1):84-95. doi:10.1037/pst0000427"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
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          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
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          "ref": "Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., et al. (2011). Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 441–452."
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          "ref": "Torres-Platas SG, Escobar S, Belliveau C, Wu J, Sasi N, Fotso J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Intervention for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. and Psychosomatics. 2019;88(4):254-6."
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          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
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          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
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          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
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        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
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        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2023",
          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
        },
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          "study": "Huang, 2023",
          "ref": "Huang, S., Wang, Z., Zheng, D., & Liu, L. (2023). Anxiety disorder in menopausal women and the intervention efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction. American Journal of Translational Research, 15(3), 2016-2024."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Nassim, M., Park, H., Dikaios, E., Potes, A., Elbaz, S., Mc Veigh, C., . . . Rej, S. (2021). Brief Mindfulness Intervention vs. Health Enhancement Program for Patients Undergoing Dialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel), 9(6). doi:10.3390/healthcare9060659"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Torres, 2019",
          "ref": "Torres-Platas SG, Escobar S, Belliveau C, Wu J, Sasi N, Fotso J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Intervention for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. and Psychosomatics. 2019;88(4):254-6."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
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          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
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        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
          "ref": "Bathgate, C. J., Kilbourn, K. M., Murphy, N. H., Wamboldt, F. S., & Holm, K. E. (2022). Pilot RCT of a telehealth intervention to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, 21(2), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
          "ref": "Bolinski, F., Kleiboer, A., Neijenhuijs, K., Karyotaki, E., Wiers, R., de Koning, L., . . . Riper, H. (2022). Challenges in Recruiting University Students for Web-Based Indicated Prevention of Depression and Anxiety: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial (ICare Prevent). J Med Internet Res, 24(12), e40892. doi:10.2196/4089"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chen, 2023",
          "ref": "Chen, X., Zeng, M., Chen, C., Zhu, D., Chen, L., & Jiang, Z. (2023). Efficacy of Psycho-Cardiology therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with mild anxiety and depression. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 9. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1031255"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2023",
          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
        },
        {
          "study": "Graham, 2020",
          "ref": "Graham, A. K., Greene, C. J., Kwasny, M. J., Kaiser, S. M., Lieponis, P., Powell, T., & Mohr, D. C. (2020). Coached mobile app platform for the treatment of depression and anxiety among primary care patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(9), 906-914. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2023",
          "ref": "Huang, S., Wang, Z., Zheng, D., & Liu, L. (2023). Anxiety disorder in menopausal women and the intervention efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction. American Journal of Translational Research, 15(3), 2016-2024."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2013",
          "ref": "Johansson, R., Björklund, M., Hornborg, C., Karlsson, S., Hesser, H., Ljótsson, B. L., . . . Andersson, G. (2013). Affect-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression and anxiety through the internet: A randomized controlled trial. PeerJ, 2013(1). doi:10.7717/peerj.102"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnston, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnston, L., Titov, N., Andrews, G., Spence, J., & Dear, B. F. (2011). A RCT of a transdiagnostic internet-delivered treatment for three anxiety disorders: examination of support roles and disorder-specific outcomes. PLoS One, 6(11), e28079. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jones, 2016",
          "ref": "Jones, S. L., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Soucy, J. N. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of guided internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with generalized anxiety. J Anxiety Disord, 37, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.10.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Karyotaki, 2022",
          "ref": "Karyotaki, E., Klein, A. M., Ciharova, M., Bolinski, F., Krijnen, L., de Koning, L., . . . Cuijpers, P. (2022). Guided internet-based transdiagnostic individually tailored Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in college students: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 150, 104028. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.104028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kladnitski, 2020",
          "ref": "Kladnitski N, Smith J, Uppal S, James MA, Allen AR, Andrews G, et al. Transdiagnostic internet-delivered CBT and mindfulness-based treatment for depression and anxiety: A randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions. 2020;20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Knapstad, 2020",
          "ref": "Knapstad M, Lervik LV, Sæther SMM, Aarø LE, Smith ORF. Effectiveness of Prompt Mental Health Care, the Norwegian Version of Improving Access to Psychological Therapies: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(2):90-105. doi: 10.1159/000504453. Epub 2019 Dec 3. PMID: 31794968; PMCID: PMC7158231."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nassim, 2021",
          "ref": "Nassim, M., Park, H., Dikaios, E., Potes, A., Elbaz, S., Mc Veigh, C., . . . Rej, S. (2021). Brief Mindfulness Intervention vs. Health Enhancement Program for Patients Undergoing Dialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel), 9(6). doi:10.3390/healthcare9060659"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2013",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2020",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Enrique, A., Eilert, N., Franklin, M., Palacios, J., Duffy, D., . . . Timulak, L. (2020). A pragmatic randomized waitlist-controlled effectiveness and cost-effectiveness trial of digital interventions for depression and anxiety. npj Digital Medicine, 3(1). doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0293-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sadeh-Sharvit, 2023",
          "ref": "Sadeh-Sharvit, S., Camp, T. D., Horton, S. E., Hefner, J. D., Berry, J. M., Grossman, E., & Hollon, S. D. (2023). Effects of an artificial intelligence platform for behavioral interventions on depression and anxiety symptoms: randomized clinical trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e46781."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaeuffele, 2022",
          "ref": "Schaeuffele C, Homeyer S, Perea L, et al. The unified protocol as an Internet-based intervention for emotional disorders: randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022;17:e0270178."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2016",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Timulak, 2022",
          "ref": "Timulak L, Keogh D, Chigwedere C, et al. A comparison of emotion-focused therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: results of a feasibility randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy (Chic). 2022;59(1):84-95. doi:10.1037/pst0000427"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2011",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., et al. (2011). Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 441–452."
        },
        {
          "study": "Torres, 2019",
          "ref": "Torres-Platas SG, Escobar S, Belliveau C, Wu J, Sasi N, Fotso J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Intervention for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. and Psychosomatics. 2019;88(4):254-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
          "ref": "Tully, P. J., Turnbull, D. A., Horowitz, J. D., Beltrame, J. F., Baune, B. T., Sauer-Zavala, S., . . . Wittert, G. A. (2022). Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Results From the CHAMPS Pilot-Feasibility Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.741039"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2023",
          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        }
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        },
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          "ref": "Jones, S. L., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Soucy, J. N. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of guided internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with generalized anxiety. J Anxiety Disord, 37, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.10.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
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          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
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        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
          "ref": "Bathgate, C. J., Kilbourn, K. M., Murphy, N. H., Wamboldt, F. S., & Holm, K. E. (2022). Pilot RCT of a telehealth intervention to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, 21(2), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
          "ref": "Bolinski, F., Kleiboer, A., Neijenhuijs, K., Karyotaki, E., Wiers, R., de Koning, L., . . . Riper, H. (2022). Challenges in Recruiting University Students for Web-Based Indicated Prevention of Depression and Anxiety: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial (ICare Prevent). J Med Internet Res, 24(12), e40892. doi:10.2196/4089"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chen, 2023",
          "ref": "Chen, X., Zeng, M., Chen, C., Zhu, D., Chen, L., & Jiang, Z. (2023). Efficacy of Psycho-Cardiology therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with mild anxiety and depression. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 9. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1031255"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2023",
          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
        },
        {
          "study": "Graham, 2020",
          "ref": "Graham, A. K., Greene, C. J., Kwasny, M. J., Kaiser, S. M., Lieponis, P., Powell, T., & Mohr, D. C. (2020). Coached mobile app platform for the treatment of depression and anxiety among primary care patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(9), 906-914. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2023",
          "ref": "Huang, S., Wang, Z., Zheng, D., & Liu, L. (2023). Anxiety disorder in menopausal women and the intervention efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction. American Journal of Translational Research, 15(3), 2016-2024."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2013",
          "ref": "Johansson, R., Björklund, M., Hornborg, C., Karlsson, S., Hesser, H., Ljótsson, B. L., . . . Andersson, G. (2013). Affect-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression and anxiety through the internet: A randomized controlled trial. PeerJ, 2013(1). doi:10.7717/peerj.102"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnston, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnston, L., Titov, N., Andrews, G., Spence, J., & Dear, B. F. (2011). A RCT of a transdiagnostic internet-delivered treatment for three anxiety disorders: examination of support roles and disorder-specific outcomes. PLoS One, 6(11), e28079. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jones, 2016",
          "ref": "Jones, S. L., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Soucy, J. N. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of guided internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with generalized anxiety. J Anxiety Disord, 37, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.10.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Karyotaki, 2022",
          "ref": "Karyotaki, E., Klein, A. M., Ciharova, M., Bolinski, F., Krijnen, L., de Koning, L., . . . Cuijpers, P. (2022). Guided internet-based transdiagnostic individually tailored Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in college students: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 150, 104028. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.104028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kladnitski, 2020",
          "ref": "Kladnitski N, Smith J, Uppal S, James MA, Allen AR, Andrews G, et al. Transdiagnostic internet-delivered CBT and mindfulness-based treatment for depression and anxiety: A randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions. 2020;20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Knapstad, 2020",
          "ref": "Knapstad M, Lervik LV, Sæther SMM, Aarø LE, Smith ORF. Effectiveness of Prompt Mental Health Care, the Norwegian Version of Improving Access to Psychological Therapies: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(2):90-105. doi: 10.1159/000504453. Epub 2019 Dec 3. PMID: 31794968; PMCID: PMC7158231."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nassim, 2021",
          "ref": "Nassim, M., Park, H., Dikaios, E., Potes, A., Elbaz, S., Mc Veigh, C., . . . Rej, S. (2021). Brief Mindfulness Intervention vs. Health Enhancement Program for Patients Undergoing Dialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel), 9(6). doi:10.3390/healthcare9060659"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2013",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2020",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Enrique, A., Eilert, N., Franklin, M., Palacios, J., Duffy, D., . . . Timulak, L. (2020). A pragmatic randomized waitlist-controlled effectiveness and cost-effectiveness trial of digital interventions for depression and anxiety. npj Digital Medicine, 3(1). doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0293-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sadeh-Sharvit, 2023",
          "ref": "Sadeh-Sharvit, S., Camp, T. D., Horton, S. E., Hefner, J. D., Berry, J. M., Grossman, E., & Hollon, S. D. (2023). Effects of an artificial intelligence platform for behavioral interventions on depression and anxiety symptoms: randomized clinical trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e46781."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaeuffele, 2022",
          "ref": "Schaeuffele C, Homeyer S, Perea L, et al. The unified protocol as an Internet-based intervention for emotional disorders: randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022;17:e0270178."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2016",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Timulak, 2022",
          "ref": "Timulak L, Keogh D, Chigwedere C, et al. A comparison of emotion-focused therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: results of a feasibility randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy (Chic). 2022;59(1):84-95. doi:10.1037/pst0000427"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2011",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., et al. (2011). Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 441–452."
        },
        {
          "study": "Torres, 2019",
          "ref": "Torres-Platas SG, Escobar S, Belliveau C, Wu J, Sasi N, Fotso J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Intervention for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. and Psychosomatics. 2019;88(4):254-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
          "ref": "Tully, P. J., Turnbull, D. A., Horowitz, J. D., Beltrame, J. F., Baune, B. T., Sauer-Zavala, S., . . . Wittert, G. A. (2022). Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Results From the CHAMPS Pilot-Feasibility Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.741039"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2023",
          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
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          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
          "ref": "Bathgate, C. J., Kilbourn, K. M., Murphy, N. H., Wamboldt, F. S., & Holm, K. E. (2022). Pilot RCT of a telehealth intervention to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, 21(2), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
          "ref": "Bolinski, F., Kleiboer, A., Neijenhuijs, K., Karyotaki, E., Wiers, R., de Koning, L., . . . Riper, H. (2022). Challenges in Recruiting University Students for Web-Based Indicated Prevention of Depression and Anxiety: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial (ICare Prevent). J Med Internet Res, 24(12), e40892. doi:10.2196/4089"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Graham, 2020",
          "ref": "Graham, A. K., Greene, C. J., Kwasny, M. J., Kaiser, S. M., Lieponis, P., Powell, T., & Mohr, D. C. (2020). Coached mobile app platform for the treatment of depression and anxiety among primary care patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(9), 906-914. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2013",
          "ref": "Johansson, R., Björklund, M., Hornborg, C., Karlsson, S., Hesser, H., Ljótsson, B. L., . . . Andersson, G. (2013). Affect-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression and anxiety through the internet: A randomized controlled trial. PeerJ, 2013(1). doi:10.7717/peerj.102"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnston, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnston, L., Titov, N., Andrews, G., Spence, J., & Dear, B. F. (2011). A RCT of a transdiagnostic internet-delivered treatment for three anxiety disorders: examination of support roles and disorder-specific outcomes. PLoS One, 6(11), e28079. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Karyotaki, 2022",
          "ref": "Karyotaki, E., Klein, A. M., Ciharova, M., Bolinski, F., Krijnen, L., de Koning, L., . . . Cuijpers, P. (2022). Guided internet-based transdiagnostic individually tailored Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in college students: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 150, 104028. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.104028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kladnitski, 2020",
          "ref": "Kladnitski N, Smith J, Uppal S, James MA, Allen AR, Andrews G, et al. Transdiagnostic internet-delivered CBT and mindfulness-based treatment for depression and anxiety: A randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions. 2020;20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2013",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2020",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Enrique, A., Eilert, N., Franklin, M., Palacios, J., Duffy, D., . . . Timulak, L. (2020). A pragmatic randomized waitlist-controlled effectiveness and cost-effectiveness trial of digital interventions for depression and anxiety. npj Digital Medicine, 3(1). doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0293-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sadeh-Sharvit, 2023",
          "ref": "Sadeh-Sharvit, S., Camp, T. D., Horton, S. E., Hefner, J. D., Berry, J. M., Grossman, E., & Hollon, S. D. (2023). Effects of an artificial intelligence platform for behavioral interventions on depression and anxiety symptoms: randomized clinical trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e46781."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaeuffele, 2022",
          "ref": "Schaeuffele C, Homeyer S, Perea L, et al. The unified protocol as an Internet-based intervention for emotional disorders: randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022;17:e0270178."
        },
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          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
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          "study": "Timulak, 2022",
          "ref": "Timulak L, Keogh D, Chigwedere C, et al. A comparison of emotion-focused therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: results of a feasibility randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy (Chic). 2022;59(1):84-95. doi:10.1037/pst0000427"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
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          "ref": "Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., et al. (2011). Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 441–452."
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          "ref": "Tully, P. J., Turnbull, D. A., Horowitz, J. D., Beltrame, J. F., Baune, B. T., Sauer-Zavala, S., . . . Wittert, G. A. (2022). Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Results From the CHAMPS Pilot-Feasibility Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.741039"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
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          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
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          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
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          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
          "ref": "Bathgate, C. J., Kilbourn, K. M., Murphy, N. H., Wamboldt, F. S., & Holm, K. E. (2022). Pilot RCT of a telehealth intervention to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, 21(2), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
          "ref": "Bolinski, F., Kleiboer, A., Neijenhuijs, K., Karyotaki, E., Wiers, R., de Koning, L., . . . Riper, H. (2022). Challenges in Recruiting University Students for Web-Based Indicated Prevention of Depression and Anxiety: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial (ICare Prevent). J Med Internet Res, 24(12), e40892. doi:10.2196/4089"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chen, 2023",
          "ref": "Chen, X., Zeng, M., Chen, C., Zhu, D., Chen, L., & Jiang, Z. (2023). Efficacy of Psycho-Cardiology therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with mild anxiety and depression. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 9. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1031255"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2023",
          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
        },
        {
          "study": "Graham, 2020",
          "ref": "Graham, A. K., Greene, C. J., Kwasny, M. J., Kaiser, S. M., Lieponis, P., Powell, T., & Mohr, D. C. (2020). Coached mobile app platform for the treatment of depression and anxiety among primary care patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(9), 906-914. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2023",
          "ref": "Huang, S., Wang, Z., Zheng, D., & Liu, L. (2023). Anxiety disorder in menopausal women and the intervention efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction. American Journal of Translational Research, 15(3), 2016-2024."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2013",
          "ref": "Johansson, R., Björklund, M., Hornborg, C., Karlsson, S., Hesser, H., Ljótsson, B. L., . . . Andersson, G. (2013). Affect-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression and anxiety through the internet: A randomized controlled trial. PeerJ, 2013(1). doi:10.7717/peerj.102"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnston, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnston, L., Titov, N., Andrews, G., Spence, J., & Dear, B. F. (2011). A RCT of a transdiagnostic internet-delivered treatment for three anxiety disorders: examination of support roles and disorder-specific outcomes. PLoS One, 6(11), e28079. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jones, 2016",
          "ref": "Jones, S. L., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Soucy, J. N. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of guided internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with generalized anxiety. J Anxiety Disord, 37, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.10.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Karyotaki, 2022",
          "ref": "Karyotaki, E., Klein, A. M., Ciharova, M., Bolinski, F., Krijnen, L., de Koning, L., . . . Cuijpers, P. (2022). Guided internet-based transdiagnostic individually tailored Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in college students: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 150, 104028. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.104028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kladnitski, 2020",
          "ref": "Kladnitski N, Smith J, Uppal S, James MA, Allen AR, Andrews G, et al. Transdiagnostic internet-delivered CBT and mindfulness-based treatment for depression and anxiety: A randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions. 2020;20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Knapstad, 2020",
          "ref": "Knapstad M, Lervik LV, Sæther SMM, Aarø LE, Smith ORF. Effectiveness of Prompt Mental Health Care, the Norwegian Version of Improving Access to Psychological Therapies: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(2):90-105. doi: 10.1159/000504453. Epub 2019 Dec 3. PMID: 31794968; PMCID: PMC7158231."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nassim, 2021",
          "ref": "Nassim, M., Park, H., Dikaios, E., Potes, A., Elbaz, S., Mc Veigh, C., . . . Rej, S. (2021). Brief Mindfulness Intervention vs. Health Enhancement Program for Patients Undergoing Dialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel), 9(6). doi:10.3390/healthcare9060659"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2013",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2020",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Enrique, A., Eilert, N., Franklin, M., Palacios, J., Duffy, D., . . . Timulak, L. (2020). A pragmatic randomized waitlist-controlled effectiveness and cost-effectiveness trial of digital interventions for depression and anxiety. npj Digital Medicine, 3(1). doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0293-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sadeh-Sharvit, 2023",
          "ref": "Sadeh-Sharvit, S., Camp, T. D., Horton, S. E., Hefner, J. D., Berry, J. M., Grossman, E., & Hollon, S. D. (2023). Effects of an artificial intelligence platform for behavioral interventions on depression and anxiety symptoms: randomized clinical trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e46781."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaeuffele, 2022",
          "ref": "Schaeuffele C, Homeyer S, Perea L, et al. The unified protocol as an Internet-based intervention for emotional disorders: randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022;17:e0270178."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2016",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Timulak, 2022",
          "ref": "Timulak L, Keogh D, Chigwedere C, et al. A comparison of emotion-focused therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: results of a feasibility randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy (Chic). 2022;59(1):84-95. doi:10.1037/pst0000427"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2011",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., et al. (2011). Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 441–452."
        },
        {
          "study": "Torres, 2019",
          "ref": "Torres-Platas SG, Escobar S, Belliveau C, Wu J, Sasi N, Fotso J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Intervention for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. and Psychosomatics. 2019;88(4):254-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
          "ref": "Tully, P. J., Turnbull, D. A., Horowitz, J. D., Beltrame, J. F., Baune, B. T., Sauer-Zavala, S., . . . Wittert, G. A. (2022). Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Results From the CHAMPS Pilot-Feasibility Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.741039"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2023",
          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
          "ref": "Bathgate, C. J., Kilbourn, K. M., Murphy, N. H., Wamboldt, F. S., & Holm, K. E. (2022). Pilot RCT of a telehealth intervention to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, 21(2), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
          "ref": "Bolinski, F., Kleiboer, A., Neijenhuijs, K., Karyotaki, E., Wiers, R., de Koning, L., . . . Riper, H. (2022). Challenges in Recruiting University Students for Web-Based Indicated Prevention of Depression and Anxiety: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial (ICare Prevent). J Med Internet Res, 24(12), e40892. doi:10.2196/4089"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chen, 2023",
          "ref": "Chen, X., Zeng, M., Chen, C., Zhu, D., Chen, L., & Jiang, Z. (2023). Efficacy of Psycho-Cardiology therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with mild anxiety and depression. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 9. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1031255"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2023",
          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
        },
        {
          "study": "Graham, 2020",
          "ref": "Graham, A. K., Greene, C. J., Kwasny, M. J., Kaiser, S. M., Lieponis, P., Powell, T., & Mohr, D. C. (2020). Coached mobile app platform for the treatment of depression and anxiety among primary care patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(9), 906-914. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2023",
          "ref": "Huang, S., Wang, Z., Zheng, D., & Liu, L. (2023). Anxiety disorder in menopausal women and the intervention efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction. American Journal of Translational Research, 15(3), 2016-2024."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2013",
          "ref": "Johansson, R., Björklund, M., Hornborg, C., Karlsson, S., Hesser, H., Ljótsson, B. L., . . . Andersson, G. (2013). Affect-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression and anxiety through the internet: A randomized controlled trial. PeerJ, 2013(1). doi:10.7717/peerj.102"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnston, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnston, L., Titov, N., Andrews, G., Spence, J., & Dear, B. F. (2011). A RCT of a transdiagnostic internet-delivered treatment for three anxiety disorders: examination of support roles and disorder-specific outcomes. PLoS One, 6(11), e28079. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jones, 2016",
          "ref": "Jones, S. L., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Soucy, J. N. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of guided internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with generalized anxiety. J Anxiety Disord, 37, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.10.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Karyotaki, 2022",
          "ref": "Karyotaki, E., Klein, A. M., Ciharova, M., Bolinski, F., Krijnen, L., de Koning, L., . . . Cuijpers, P. (2022). Guided internet-based transdiagnostic individually tailored Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in college students: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 150, 104028. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.104028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kladnitski, 2020",
          "ref": "Kladnitski N, Smith J, Uppal S, James MA, Allen AR, Andrews G, et al. Transdiagnostic internet-delivered CBT and mindfulness-based treatment for depression and anxiety: A randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions. 2020;20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Knapstad, 2020",
          "ref": "Knapstad M, Lervik LV, Sæther SMM, Aarø LE, Smith ORF. Effectiveness of Prompt Mental Health Care, the Norwegian Version of Improving Access to Psychological Therapies: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(2):90-105. doi: 10.1159/000504453. Epub 2019 Dec 3. PMID: 31794968; PMCID: PMC7158231."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nassim, 2021",
          "ref": "Nassim, M., Park, H., Dikaios, E., Potes, A., Elbaz, S., Mc Veigh, C., . . . Rej, S. (2021). Brief Mindfulness Intervention vs. Health Enhancement Program for Patients Undergoing Dialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel), 9(6). doi:10.3390/healthcare9060659"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2013",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2020",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Enrique, A., Eilert, N., Franklin, M., Palacios, J., Duffy, D., . . . Timulak, L. (2020). A pragmatic randomized waitlist-controlled effectiveness and cost-effectiveness trial of digital interventions for depression and anxiety. npj Digital Medicine, 3(1). doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0293-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sadeh-Sharvit, 2023",
          "ref": "Sadeh-Sharvit, S., Camp, T. D., Horton, S. E., Hefner, J. D., Berry, J. M., Grossman, E., & Hollon, S. D. (2023). Effects of an artificial intelligence platform for behavioral interventions on depression and anxiety symptoms: randomized clinical trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e46781."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaeuffele, 2022",
          "ref": "Schaeuffele C, Homeyer S, Perea L, et al. The unified protocol as an Internet-based intervention for emotional disorders: randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022;17:e0270178."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2016",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Timulak, 2022",
          "ref": "Timulak L, Keogh D, Chigwedere C, et al. A comparison of emotion-focused therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: results of a feasibility randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy (Chic). 2022;59(1):84-95. doi:10.1037/pst0000427"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2011",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., et al. (2011). Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 441–452."
        },
        {
          "study": "Torres, 2019",
          "ref": "Torres-Platas SG, Escobar S, Belliveau C, Wu J, Sasi N, Fotso J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Intervention for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. and Psychosomatics. 2019;88(4):254-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
          "ref": "Tully, P. J., Turnbull, D. A., Horowitz, J. D., Beltrame, J. F., Baune, B. T., Sauer-Zavala, S., . . . Wittert, G. A. (2022). Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Results From the CHAMPS Pilot-Feasibility Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.741039"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2023",
          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
          "ref": "Bathgate, C. J., Kilbourn, K. M., Murphy, N. H., Wamboldt, F. S., & Holm, K. E. (2022). Pilot RCT of a telehealth intervention to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, 21(2), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
          "ref": "Bolinski, F., Kleiboer, A., Neijenhuijs, K., Karyotaki, E., Wiers, R., de Koning, L., . . . Riper, H. (2022). Challenges in Recruiting University Students for Web-Based Indicated Prevention of Depression and Anxiety: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial (ICare Prevent). J Med Internet Res, 24(12), e40892. doi:10.2196/4089"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chen, 2023",
          "ref": "Chen, X., Zeng, M., Chen, C., Zhu, D., Chen, L., & Jiang, Z. (2023). Efficacy of Psycho-Cardiology therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with mild anxiety and depression. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 9. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1031255"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2023",
          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
        },
        {
          "study": "Graham, 2020",
          "ref": "Graham, A. K., Greene, C. J., Kwasny, M. J., Kaiser, S. M., Lieponis, P., Powell, T., & Mohr, D. C. (2020). Coached mobile app platform for the treatment of depression and anxiety among primary care patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(9), 906-914. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2023",
          "ref": "Huang, S., Wang, Z., Zheng, D., & Liu, L. (2023). Anxiety disorder in menopausal women and the intervention efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction. American Journal of Translational Research, 15(3), 2016-2024."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2013",
          "ref": "Johansson, R., Björklund, M., Hornborg, C., Karlsson, S., Hesser, H., Ljótsson, B. L., . . . Andersson, G. (2013). Affect-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression and anxiety through the internet: A randomized controlled trial. PeerJ, 2013(1). doi:10.7717/peerj.102"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnston, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnston, L., Titov, N., Andrews, G., Spence, J., & Dear, B. F. (2011). A RCT of a transdiagnostic internet-delivered treatment for three anxiety disorders: examination of support roles and disorder-specific outcomes. PLoS One, 6(11), e28079. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jones, 2016",
          "ref": "Jones, S. L., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Soucy, J. N. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of guided internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with generalized anxiety. J Anxiety Disord, 37, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.10.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Karyotaki, 2022",
          "ref": "Karyotaki, E., Klein, A. M., Ciharova, M., Bolinski, F., Krijnen, L., de Koning, L., . . . Cuijpers, P. (2022). Guided internet-based transdiagnostic individually tailored Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in college students: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 150, 104028. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.104028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kladnitski, 2020",
          "ref": "Kladnitski N, Smith J, Uppal S, James MA, Allen AR, Andrews G, et al. Transdiagnostic internet-delivered CBT and mindfulness-based treatment for depression and anxiety: A randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions. 2020;20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Knapstad, 2020",
          "ref": "Knapstad M, Lervik LV, Sæther SMM, Aarø LE, Smith ORF. Effectiveness of Prompt Mental Health Care, the Norwegian Version of Improving Access to Psychological Therapies: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(2):90-105. doi: 10.1159/000504453. Epub 2019 Dec 3. PMID: 31794968; PMCID: PMC7158231."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nassim, 2021",
          "ref": "Nassim, M., Park, H., Dikaios, E., Potes, A., Elbaz, S., Mc Veigh, C., . . . Rej, S. (2021). Brief Mindfulness Intervention vs. Health Enhancement Program for Patients Undergoing Dialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel), 9(6). doi:10.3390/healthcare9060659"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2013",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2020",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Enrique, A., Eilert, N., Franklin, M., Palacios, J., Duffy, D., . . . Timulak, L. (2020). A pragmatic randomized waitlist-controlled effectiveness and cost-effectiveness trial of digital interventions for depression and anxiety. npj Digital Medicine, 3(1). doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0293-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sadeh-Sharvit, 2023",
          "ref": "Sadeh-Sharvit, S., Camp, T. D., Horton, S. E., Hefner, J. D., Berry, J. M., Grossman, E., & Hollon, S. D. (2023). Effects of an artificial intelligence platform for behavioral interventions on depression and anxiety symptoms: randomized clinical trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e46781."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaeuffele, 2022",
          "ref": "Schaeuffele C, Homeyer S, Perea L, et al. The unified protocol as an Internet-based intervention for emotional disorders: randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022;17:e0270178."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2016",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Timulak, 2022",
          "ref": "Timulak L, Keogh D, Chigwedere C, et al. A comparison of emotion-focused therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: results of a feasibility randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy (Chic). 2022;59(1):84-95. doi:10.1037/pst0000427"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2011",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., et al. (2011). Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 441–452."
        },
        {
          "study": "Torres, 2019",
          "ref": "Torres-Platas SG, Escobar S, Belliveau C, Wu J, Sasi N, Fotso J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Intervention for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. and Psychosomatics. 2019;88(4):254-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
          "ref": "Tully, P. J., Turnbull, D. A., Horowitz, J. D., Beltrame, J. F., Baune, B. T., Sauer-Zavala, S., . . . Wittert, G. A. (2022). Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Results From the CHAMPS Pilot-Feasibility Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.741039"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2023",
          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "GAD-7",
      "full": "Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Recruitment",
      "sgv": "Clinic",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 8,
      "k_es": 9,
      "sd": 4.601,
      "lo": 3.962,
      "hi": 5.343,
      "tau2": 0.0357,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.086,
      "phi": 6.859,
      "i2": 81.1,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Graham, 2020",
          "ref": "Graham, A. K., Greene, C. J., Kwasny, M. J., Kaiser, S. M., Lieponis, P., Powell, T., & Mohr, D. C. (2020). Coached mobile app platform for the treatment of depression and anxiety among primary care patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(9), 906-914. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sadeh-Sharvit, 2023",
          "ref": "Sadeh-Sharvit, S., Camp, T. D., Horton, S. E., Hefner, J. D., Berry, J. M., Grossman, E., & Hollon, S. D. (2023). Effects of an artificial intelligence platform for behavioral interventions on depression and anxiety symptoms: randomized clinical trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e46781."
        },
        {
          "study": "Timulak, 2022",
          "ref": "Timulak L, Keogh D, Chigwedere C, et al. A comparison of emotion-focused therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: results of a feasibility randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy (Chic). 2022;59(1):84-95. doi:10.1037/pst0000427"
        },
        {
          "study": "Torres, 2019",
          "ref": "Torres-Platas SG, Escobar S, Belliveau C, Wu J, Sasi N, Fotso J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Intervention for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. and Psychosomatics. 2019;88(4):254-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        }
      ]
    },
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      "instr": "GAD-7",
      "full": "Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale",
      "indication": null,
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      "sgv": "Clinic",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 39,
      "k_es": 48,
      "sd": 4.125,
      "lo": 3.645,
      "hi": 4.668,
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      "phi": 8.574,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
          "ref": "Bathgate, C. J., Kilbourn, K. M., Murphy, N. H., Wamboldt, F. S., & Holm, K. E. (2022). Pilot RCT of a telehealth intervention to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, 21(2), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
          "ref": "Bolinski, F., Kleiboer, A., Neijenhuijs, K., Karyotaki, E., Wiers, R., de Koning, L., . . . Riper, H. (2022). Challenges in Recruiting University Students for Web-Based Indicated Prevention of Depression and Anxiety: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial (ICare Prevent). J Med Internet Res, 24(12), e40892. doi:10.2196/4089"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chen, 2023",
          "ref": "Chen, X., Zeng, M., Chen, C., Zhu, D., Chen, L., & Jiang, Z. (2023). Efficacy of Psycho-Cardiology therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with mild anxiety and depression. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 9. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1031255"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2023",
          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
        },
        {
          "study": "Graham, 2020",
          "ref": "Graham, A. K., Greene, C. J., Kwasny, M. J., Kaiser, S. M., Lieponis, P., Powell, T., & Mohr, D. C. (2020). Coached mobile app platform for the treatment of depression and anxiety among primary care patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(9), 906-914. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2023",
          "ref": "Huang, S., Wang, Z., Zheng, D., & Liu, L. (2023). Anxiety disorder in menopausal women and the intervention efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction. American Journal of Translational Research, 15(3), 2016-2024."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2013",
          "ref": "Johansson, R., Björklund, M., Hornborg, C., Karlsson, S., Hesser, H., Ljótsson, B. L., . . . Andersson, G. (2013). Affect-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression and anxiety through the internet: A randomized controlled trial. PeerJ, 2013(1). doi:10.7717/peerj.102"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnston, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnston, L., Titov, N., Andrews, G., Spence, J., & Dear, B. F. (2011). A RCT of a transdiagnostic internet-delivered treatment for three anxiety disorders: examination of support roles and disorder-specific outcomes. PLoS One, 6(11), e28079. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jones, 2016",
          "ref": "Jones, S. L., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Soucy, J. N. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of guided internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with generalized anxiety. J Anxiety Disord, 37, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.10.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Karyotaki, 2022",
          "ref": "Karyotaki, E., Klein, A. M., Ciharova, M., Bolinski, F., Krijnen, L., de Koning, L., . . . Cuijpers, P. (2022). Guided internet-based transdiagnostic individually tailored Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in college students: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 150, 104028. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.104028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kladnitski, 2020",
          "ref": "Kladnitski N, Smith J, Uppal S, James MA, Allen AR, Andrews G, et al. Transdiagnostic internet-delivered CBT and mindfulness-based treatment for depression and anxiety: A randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions. 2020;20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Knapstad, 2020",
          "ref": "Knapstad M, Lervik LV, Sæther SMM, Aarø LE, Smith ORF. Effectiveness of Prompt Mental Health Care, the Norwegian Version of Improving Access to Psychological Therapies: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(2):90-105. doi: 10.1159/000504453. Epub 2019 Dec 3. PMID: 31794968; PMCID: PMC7158231."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nassim, 2021",
          "ref": "Nassim, M., Park, H., Dikaios, E., Potes, A., Elbaz, S., Mc Veigh, C., . . . Rej, S. (2021). Brief Mindfulness Intervention vs. Health Enhancement Program for Patients Undergoing Dialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel), 9(6). doi:10.3390/healthcare9060659"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2013",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2020",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Enrique, A., Eilert, N., Franklin, M., Palacios, J., Duffy, D., . . . Timulak, L. (2020). A pragmatic randomized waitlist-controlled effectiveness and cost-effectiveness trial of digital interventions for depression and anxiety. npj Digital Medicine, 3(1). doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0293-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sadeh-Sharvit, 2023",
          "ref": "Sadeh-Sharvit, S., Camp, T. D., Horton, S. E., Hefner, J. D., Berry, J. M., Grossman, E., & Hollon, S. D. (2023). Effects of an artificial intelligence platform for behavioral interventions on depression and anxiety symptoms: randomized clinical trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e46781."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaeuffele, 2022",
          "ref": "Schaeuffele C, Homeyer S, Perea L, et al. The unified protocol as an Internet-based intervention for emotional disorders: randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022;17:e0270178."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2016",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Timulak, 2022",
          "ref": "Timulak L, Keogh D, Chigwedere C, et al. A comparison of emotion-focused therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: results of a feasibility randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy (Chic). 2022;59(1):84-95. doi:10.1037/pst0000427"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2011",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., et al. (2011). Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 441–452."
        },
        {
          "study": "Torres, 2019",
          "ref": "Torres-Platas SG, Escobar S, Belliveau C, Wu J, Sasi N, Fotso J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Intervention for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. and Psychosomatics. 2019;88(4):254-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
          "ref": "Tully, P. J., Turnbull, D. A., Horowitz, J. D., Beltrame, J. F., Baune, B. T., Sauer-Zavala, S., . . . Wittert, G. A. (2022). Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Results From the CHAMPS Pilot-Feasibility Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.741039"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2023",
          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        }
      ]
    },
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        {
          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
          "ref": "Bolinski, F., Kleiboer, A., Neijenhuijs, K., Karyotaki, E., Wiers, R., de Koning, L., . . . Riper, H. (2022). Challenges in Recruiting University Students for Web-Based Indicated Prevention of Depression and Anxiety: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial (ICare Prevent). J Med Internet Res, 24(12), e40892. doi:10.2196/4089"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2023",
          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2013",
          "ref": "Johansson, R., Björklund, M., Hornborg, C., Karlsson, S., Hesser, H., Ljótsson, B. L., . . . Andersson, G. (2013). Affect-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression and anxiety through the internet: A randomized controlled trial. PeerJ, 2013(1). doi:10.7717/peerj.102"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnston, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnston, L., Titov, N., Andrews, G., Spence, J., & Dear, B. F. (2011). A RCT of a transdiagnostic internet-delivered treatment for three anxiety disorders: examination of support roles and disorder-specific outcomes. PLoS One, 6(11), e28079. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jones, 2016",
          "ref": "Jones, S. L., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Soucy, J. N. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of guided internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with generalized anxiety. J Anxiety Disord, 37, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.10.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Karyotaki, 2022",
          "ref": "Karyotaki, E., Klein, A. M., Ciharova, M., Bolinski, F., Krijnen, L., de Koning, L., . . . Cuijpers, P. (2022). Guided internet-based transdiagnostic individually tailored Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in college students: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 150, 104028. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.104028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kladnitski, 2020",
          "ref": "Kladnitski N, Smith J, Uppal S, James MA, Allen AR, Andrews G, et al. Transdiagnostic internet-delivered CBT and mindfulness-based treatment for depression and anxiety: A randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions. 2020;20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Knapstad, 2020",
          "ref": "Knapstad M, Lervik LV, Sæther SMM, Aarø LE, Smith ORF. Effectiveness of Prompt Mental Health Care, the Norwegian Version of Improving Access to Psychological Therapies: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(2):90-105. doi: 10.1159/000504453. Epub 2019 Dec 3. PMID: 31794968; PMCID: PMC7158231."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2013",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaeuffele, 2022",
          "ref": "Schaeuffele C, Homeyer S, Perea L, et al. The unified protocol as an Internet-based intervention for emotional disorders: randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022;17:e0270178."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2016",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2011",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., et al. (2011). Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 441–452."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2023",
          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
          "ref": "Bathgate, C. J., Kilbourn, K. M., Murphy, N. H., Wamboldt, F. S., & Holm, K. E. (2022). Pilot RCT of a telehealth intervention to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, 21(2), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
          "ref": "Bolinski, F., Kleiboer, A., Neijenhuijs, K., Karyotaki, E., Wiers, R., de Koning, L., . . . Riper, H. (2022). Challenges in Recruiting University Students for Web-Based Indicated Prevention of Depression and Anxiety: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial (ICare Prevent). J Med Internet Res, 24(12), e40892. doi:10.2196/4089"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chen, 2023",
          "ref": "Chen, X., Zeng, M., Chen, C., Zhu, D., Chen, L., & Jiang, Z. (2023). Efficacy of Psycho-Cardiology therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with mild anxiety and depression. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 9. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1031255"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2023",
          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
        },
        {
          "study": "Graham, 2020",
          "ref": "Graham, A. K., Greene, C. J., Kwasny, M. J., Kaiser, S. M., Lieponis, P., Powell, T., & Mohr, D. C. (2020). Coached mobile app platform for the treatment of depression and anxiety among primary care patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(9), 906-914. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2023",
          "ref": "Huang, S., Wang, Z., Zheng, D., & Liu, L. (2023). Anxiety disorder in menopausal women and the intervention efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction. American Journal of Translational Research, 15(3), 2016-2024."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2013",
          "ref": "Johansson, R., Björklund, M., Hornborg, C., Karlsson, S., Hesser, H., Ljótsson, B. L., . . . Andersson, G. (2013). Affect-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression and anxiety through the internet: A randomized controlled trial. PeerJ, 2013(1). doi:10.7717/peerj.102"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnston, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnston, L., Titov, N., Andrews, G., Spence, J., & Dear, B. F. (2011). A RCT of a transdiagnostic internet-delivered treatment for three anxiety disorders: examination of support roles and disorder-specific outcomes. PLoS One, 6(11), e28079. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jones, 2016",
          "ref": "Jones, S. L., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Soucy, J. N. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of guided internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with generalized anxiety. J Anxiety Disord, 37, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.10.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Karyotaki, 2022",
          "ref": "Karyotaki, E., Klein, A. M., Ciharova, M., Bolinski, F., Krijnen, L., de Koning, L., . . . Cuijpers, P. (2022). Guided internet-based transdiagnostic individually tailored Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in college students: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 150, 104028. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.104028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kladnitski, 2020",
          "ref": "Kladnitski N, Smith J, Uppal S, James MA, Allen AR, Andrews G, et al. Transdiagnostic internet-delivered CBT and mindfulness-based treatment for depression and anxiety: A randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions. 2020;20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Knapstad, 2020",
          "ref": "Knapstad M, Lervik LV, Sæther SMM, Aarø LE, Smith ORF. Effectiveness of Prompt Mental Health Care, the Norwegian Version of Improving Access to Psychological Therapies: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(2):90-105. doi: 10.1159/000504453. Epub 2019 Dec 3. PMID: 31794968; PMCID: PMC7158231."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nassim, 2021",
          "ref": "Nassim, M., Park, H., Dikaios, E., Potes, A., Elbaz, S., Mc Veigh, C., . . . Rej, S. (2021). Brief Mindfulness Intervention vs. Health Enhancement Program for Patients Undergoing Dialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel), 9(6). doi:10.3390/healthcare9060659"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2013",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2020",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Enrique, A., Eilert, N., Franklin, M., Palacios, J., Duffy, D., . . . Timulak, L. (2020). A pragmatic randomized waitlist-controlled effectiveness and cost-effectiveness trial of digital interventions for depression and anxiety. npj Digital Medicine, 3(1). doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0293-8"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Sadeh-Sharvit, S., Camp, T. D., Horton, S. E., Hefner, J. D., Berry, J. M., Grossman, E., & Hollon, S. D. (2023). Effects of an artificial intelligence platform for behavioral interventions on depression and anxiety symptoms: randomized clinical trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e46781."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaeuffele, 2022",
          "ref": "Schaeuffele C, Homeyer S, Perea L, et al. The unified protocol as an Internet-based intervention for emotional disorders: randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022;17:e0270178."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2016",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Timulak, 2022",
          "ref": "Timulak L, Keogh D, Chigwedere C, et al. A comparison of emotion-focused therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: results of a feasibility randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy (Chic). 2022;59(1):84-95. doi:10.1037/pst0000427"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2011",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., et al. (2011). Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 441–452."
        },
        {
          "study": "Torres, 2019",
          "ref": "Torres-Platas SG, Escobar S, Belliveau C, Wu J, Sasi N, Fotso J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Intervention for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. and Psychosomatics. 2019;88(4):254-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
          "ref": "Tully, P. J., Turnbull, D. A., Horowitz, J. D., Beltrame, J. F., Baune, B. T., Sauer-Zavala, S., . . . Wittert, G. A. (2022). Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Results From the CHAMPS Pilot-Feasibility Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.741039"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2023",
          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
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        {
          "study": "Chen, 2023",
          "ref": "Chen, X., Zeng, M., Chen, C., Zhu, D., Chen, L., & Jiang, Z. (2023). Efficacy of Psycho-Cardiology therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with mild anxiety and depression. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 9. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1031255"
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2023",
          "ref": "Huang, S., Wang, Z., Zheng, D., & Liu, L. (2023). Anxiety disorder in menopausal women and the intervention efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction. American Journal of Translational Research, 15(3), 2016-2024."
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          "study": "Nassim, 2021",
          "ref": "Nassim, M., Park, H., Dikaios, E., Potes, A., Elbaz, S., Mc Veigh, C., . . . Rej, S. (2021). Brief Mindfulness Intervention vs. Health Enhancement Program for Patients Undergoing Dialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel), 9(6). doi:10.3390/healthcare9060659"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2020",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Enrique, A., Eilert, N., Franklin, M., Palacios, J., Duffy, D., . . . Timulak, L. (2020). A pragmatic randomized waitlist-controlled effectiveness and cost-effectiveness trial of digital interventions for depression and anxiety. npj Digital Medicine, 3(1). doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0293-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
          "ref": "Tully, P. J., Turnbull, D. A., Horowitz, J. D., Beltrame, J. F., Baune, B. T., Sauer-Zavala, S., . . . Wittert, G. A. (2022). Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Results From the CHAMPS Pilot-Feasibility Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.741039"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
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        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
          "ref": "Bathgate, C. J., Kilbourn, K. M., Murphy, N. H., Wamboldt, F. S., & Holm, K. E. (2022). Pilot RCT of a telehealth intervention to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, 21(2), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
          "ref": "Bolinski, F., Kleiboer, A., Neijenhuijs, K., Karyotaki, E., Wiers, R., de Koning, L., . . . Riper, H. (2022). Challenges in Recruiting University Students for Web-Based Indicated Prevention of Depression and Anxiety: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial (ICare Prevent). J Med Internet Res, 24(12), e40892. doi:10.2196/4089"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chen, 2023",
          "ref": "Chen, X., Zeng, M., Chen, C., Zhu, D., Chen, L., & Jiang, Z. (2023). Efficacy of Psycho-Cardiology therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with mild anxiety and depression. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 9. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1031255"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2023",
          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
        },
        {
          "study": "Graham, 2020",
          "ref": "Graham, A. K., Greene, C. J., Kwasny, M. J., Kaiser, S. M., Lieponis, P., Powell, T., & Mohr, D. C. (2020). Coached mobile app platform for the treatment of depression and anxiety among primary care patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(9), 906-914. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2023",
          "ref": "Huang, S., Wang, Z., Zheng, D., & Liu, L. (2023). Anxiety disorder in menopausal women and the intervention efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction. American Journal of Translational Research, 15(3), 2016-2024."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2013",
          "ref": "Johansson, R., Björklund, M., Hornborg, C., Karlsson, S., Hesser, H., Ljótsson, B. L., . . . Andersson, G. (2013). Affect-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression and anxiety through the internet: A randomized controlled trial. PeerJ, 2013(1). doi:10.7717/peerj.102"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnston, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnston, L., Titov, N., Andrews, G., Spence, J., & Dear, B. F. (2011). A RCT of a transdiagnostic internet-delivered treatment for three anxiety disorders: examination of support roles and disorder-specific outcomes. PLoS One, 6(11), e28079. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jones, 2016",
          "ref": "Jones, S. L., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Soucy, J. N. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of guided internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with generalized anxiety. J Anxiety Disord, 37, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.10.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Karyotaki, 2022",
          "ref": "Karyotaki, E., Klein, A. M., Ciharova, M., Bolinski, F., Krijnen, L., de Koning, L., . . . Cuijpers, P. (2022). Guided internet-based transdiagnostic individually tailored Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in college students: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 150, 104028. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.104028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kladnitski, 2020",
          "ref": "Kladnitski N, Smith J, Uppal S, James MA, Allen AR, Andrews G, et al. Transdiagnostic internet-delivered CBT and mindfulness-based treatment for depression and anxiety: A randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions. 2020;20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Knapstad, 2020",
          "ref": "Knapstad M, Lervik LV, Sæther SMM, Aarø LE, Smith ORF. Effectiveness of Prompt Mental Health Care, the Norwegian Version of Improving Access to Psychological Therapies: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(2):90-105. doi: 10.1159/000504453. Epub 2019 Dec 3. PMID: 31794968; PMCID: PMC7158231."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nassim, 2021",
          "ref": "Nassim, M., Park, H., Dikaios, E., Potes, A., Elbaz, S., Mc Veigh, C., . . . Rej, S. (2021). Brief Mindfulness Intervention vs. Health Enhancement Program for Patients Undergoing Dialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel), 9(6). doi:10.3390/healthcare9060659"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2013",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2020",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Enrique, A., Eilert, N., Franklin, M., Palacios, J., Duffy, D., . . . Timulak, L. (2020). A pragmatic randomized waitlist-controlled effectiveness and cost-effectiveness trial of digital interventions for depression and anxiety. npj Digital Medicine, 3(1). doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0293-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sadeh-Sharvit, 2023",
          "ref": "Sadeh-Sharvit, S., Camp, T. D., Horton, S. E., Hefner, J. D., Berry, J. M., Grossman, E., & Hollon, S. D. (2023). Effects of an artificial intelligence platform for behavioral interventions on depression and anxiety symptoms: randomized clinical trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e46781."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaeuffele, 2022",
          "ref": "Schaeuffele C, Homeyer S, Perea L, et al. The unified protocol as an Internet-based intervention for emotional disorders: randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022;17:e0270178."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2016",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Timulak, 2022",
          "ref": "Timulak L, Keogh D, Chigwedere C, et al. A comparison of emotion-focused therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: results of a feasibility randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy (Chic). 2022;59(1):84-95. doi:10.1037/pst0000427"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2011",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., et al. (2011). Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 441–452."
        },
        {
          "study": "Torres, 2019",
          "ref": "Torres-Platas SG, Escobar S, Belliveau C, Wu J, Sasi N, Fotso J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Intervention for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. and Psychosomatics. 2019;88(4):254-6."
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        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
          "ref": "Tully, P. J., Turnbull, D. A., Horowitz, J. D., Beltrame, J. F., Baune, B. T., Sauer-Zavala, S., . . . Wittert, G. A. (2022). Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Results From the CHAMPS Pilot-Feasibility Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.741039"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2023",
          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
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          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
          "ref": "Bolinski, F., Kleiboer, A., Neijenhuijs, K., Karyotaki, E., Wiers, R., de Koning, L., . . . Riper, H. (2022). Challenges in Recruiting University Students for Web-Based Indicated Prevention of Depression and Anxiety: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial (ICare Prevent). J Med Internet Res, 24(12), e40892. doi:10.2196/4089"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2023",
          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
        },
        {
          "study": "Graham, 2020",
          "ref": "Graham, A. K., Greene, C. J., Kwasny, M. J., Kaiser, S. M., Lieponis, P., Powell, T., & Mohr, D. C. (2020). Coached mobile app platform for the treatment of depression and anxiety among primary care patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(9), 906-914. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2013",
          "ref": "Johansson, R., Björklund, M., Hornborg, C., Karlsson, S., Hesser, H., Ljótsson, B. L., . . . Andersson, G. (2013). Affect-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression and anxiety through the internet: A randomized controlled trial. PeerJ, 2013(1). doi:10.7717/peerj.102"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jones, 2016",
          "ref": "Jones, S. L., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Soucy, J. N. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of guided internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with generalized anxiety. J Anxiety Disord, 37, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.10.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Karyotaki, 2022",
          "ref": "Karyotaki, E., Klein, A. M., Ciharova, M., Bolinski, F., Krijnen, L., de Koning, L., . . . Cuijpers, P. (2022). Guided internet-based transdiagnostic individually tailored Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in college students: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 150, 104028. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.104028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2020",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Enrique, A., Eilert, N., Franklin, M., Palacios, J., Duffy, D., . . . Timulak, L. (2020). A pragmatic randomized waitlist-controlled effectiveness and cost-effectiveness trial of digital interventions for depression and anxiety. npj Digital Medicine, 3(1). doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0293-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaeuffele, 2022",
          "ref": "Schaeuffele C, Homeyer S, Perea L, et al. The unified protocol as an Internet-based intervention for emotional disorders: randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022;17:e0270178."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
          "ref": "Tully, P. J., Turnbull, D. A., Horowitz, J. D., Beltrame, J. F., Baune, B. T., Sauer-Zavala, S., . . . Wittert, G. A. (2022). Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Results From the CHAMPS Pilot-Feasibility Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.741039"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "GAD-7",
      "full": "Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
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      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 39,
      "k_es": 48,
      "sd": 4.125,
      "lo": 3.645,
      "hi": 4.668,
      "tau2": 0.1289,
      "tau2w": 0.0068,
      "plo": 1.985,
      "phi": 8.574,
      "i2": null,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
          "ref": "Bathgate, C. J., Kilbourn, K. M., Murphy, N. H., Wamboldt, F. S., & Holm, K. E. (2022). Pilot RCT of a telehealth intervention to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, 21(2), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
          "ref": "Bolinski, F., Kleiboer, A., Neijenhuijs, K., Karyotaki, E., Wiers, R., de Koning, L., . . . Riper, H. (2022). Challenges in Recruiting University Students for Web-Based Indicated Prevention of Depression and Anxiety: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial (ICare Prevent). J Med Internet Res, 24(12), e40892. doi:10.2196/4089"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chen, 2023",
          "ref": "Chen, X., Zeng, M., Chen, C., Zhu, D., Chen, L., & Jiang, Z. (2023). Efficacy of Psycho-Cardiology therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with mild anxiety and depression. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 9. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1031255"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2023",
          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
        },
        {
          "study": "Graham, 2020",
          "ref": "Graham, A. K., Greene, C. J., Kwasny, M. J., Kaiser, S. M., Lieponis, P., Powell, T., & Mohr, D. C. (2020). Coached mobile app platform for the treatment of depression and anxiety among primary care patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(9), 906-914. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2023",
          "ref": "Huang, S., Wang, Z., Zheng, D., & Liu, L. (2023). Anxiety disorder in menopausal women and the intervention efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction. American Journal of Translational Research, 15(3), 2016-2024."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2013",
          "ref": "Johansson, R., Björklund, M., Hornborg, C., Karlsson, S., Hesser, H., Ljótsson, B. L., . . . Andersson, G. (2013). Affect-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression and anxiety through the internet: A randomized controlled trial. PeerJ, 2013(1). doi:10.7717/peerj.102"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnston, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnston, L., Titov, N., Andrews, G., Spence, J., & Dear, B. F. (2011). A RCT of a transdiagnostic internet-delivered treatment for three anxiety disorders: examination of support roles and disorder-specific outcomes. PLoS One, 6(11), e28079. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jones, 2016",
          "ref": "Jones, S. L., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Soucy, J. N. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of guided internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with generalized anxiety. J Anxiety Disord, 37, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.10.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Karyotaki, 2022",
          "ref": "Karyotaki, E., Klein, A. M., Ciharova, M., Bolinski, F., Krijnen, L., de Koning, L., . . . Cuijpers, P. (2022). Guided internet-based transdiagnostic individually tailored Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in college students: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 150, 104028. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.104028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kladnitski, 2020",
          "ref": "Kladnitski N, Smith J, Uppal S, James MA, Allen AR, Andrews G, et al. Transdiagnostic internet-delivered CBT and mindfulness-based treatment for depression and anxiety: A randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions. 2020;20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Knapstad, 2020",
          "ref": "Knapstad M, Lervik LV, Sæther SMM, Aarø LE, Smith ORF. Effectiveness of Prompt Mental Health Care, the Norwegian Version of Improving Access to Psychological Therapies: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(2):90-105. doi: 10.1159/000504453. Epub 2019 Dec 3. PMID: 31794968; PMCID: PMC7158231."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nassim, 2021",
          "ref": "Nassim, M., Park, H., Dikaios, E., Potes, A., Elbaz, S., Mc Veigh, C., . . . Rej, S. (2021). Brief Mindfulness Intervention vs. Health Enhancement Program for Patients Undergoing Dialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel), 9(6). doi:10.3390/healthcare9060659"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2013",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2020",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Enrique, A., Eilert, N., Franklin, M., Palacios, J., Duffy, D., . . . Timulak, L. (2020). A pragmatic randomized waitlist-controlled effectiveness and cost-effectiveness trial of digital interventions for depression and anxiety. npj Digital Medicine, 3(1). doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0293-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sadeh-Sharvit, 2023",
          "ref": "Sadeh-Sharvit, S., Camp, T. D., Horton, S. E., Hefner, J. D., Berry, J. M., Grossman, E., & Hollon, S. D. (2023). Effects of an artificial intelligence platform for behavioral interventions on depression and anxiety symptoms: randomized clinical trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e46781."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaeuffele, 2022",
          "ref": "Schaeuffele C, Homeyer S, Perea L, et al. The unified protocol as an Internet-based intervention for emotional disorders: randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022;17:e0270178."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2016",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Timulak, 2022",
          "ref": "Timulak L, Keogh D, Chigwedere C, et al. A comparison of emotion-focused therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: results of a feasibility randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy (Chic). 2022;59(1):84-95. doi:10.1037/pst0000427"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2011",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., et al. (2011). Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 441–452."
        },
        {
          "study": "Torres, 2019",
          "ref": "Torres-Platas SG, Escobar S, Belliveau C, Wu J, Sasi N, Fotso J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Intervention for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. and Psychosomatics. 2019;88(4):254-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
          "ref": "Tully, P. J., Turnbull, D. A., Horowitz, J. D., Beltrame, J. F., Baune, B. T., Sauer-Zavala, S., . . . Wittert, G. A. (2022). Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Results From the CHAMPS Pilot-Feasibility Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.741039"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2023",
          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        }
      ]
    },
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      "id": 705,
      "instr": "GAD-7",
      "full": "Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Not low risk of bias",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 26,
      "k_es": 33,
      "sd": 3.917,
      "lo": 3.303,
      "hi": 4.646,
      "tau2": 0.1871,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 1.65,
      "phi": 9.302,
      "i2": 97.3,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
          "ref": "Bathgate, C. J., Kilbourn, K. M., Murphy, N. H., Wamboldt, F. S., & Holm, K. E. (2022). Pilot RCT of a telehealth intervention to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, 21(2), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chen, 2023",
          "ref": "Chen, X., Zeng, M., Chen, C., Zhu, D., Chen, L., & Jiang, Z. (2023). Efficacy of Psycho-Cardiology therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with mild anxiety and depression. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 9. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1031255"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2023",
          "ref": "Huang, S., Wang, Z., Zheng, D., & Liu, L. (2023). Anxiety disorder in menopausal women and the intervention efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction. American Journal of Translational Research, 15(3), 2016-2024."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnston, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnston, L., Titov, N., Andrews, G., Spence, J., & Dear, B. F. (2011). A RCT of a transdiagnostic internet-delivered treatment for three anxiety disorders: examination of support roles and disorder-specific outcomes. PLoS One, 6(11), e28079. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kladnitski, 2020",
          "ref": "Kladnitski N, Smith J, Uppal S, James MA, Allen AR, Andrews G, et al. Transdiagnostic internet-delivered CBT and mindfulness-based treatment for depression and anxiety: A randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions. 2020;20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Knapstad, 2020",
          "ref": "Knapstad M, Lervik LV, Sæther SMM, Aarø LE, Smith ORF. Effectiveness of Prompt Mental Health Care, the Norwegian Version of Improving Access to Psychological Therapies: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(2):90-105. doi: 10.1159/000504453. Epub 2019 Dec 3. PMID: 31794968; PMCID: PMC7158231."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nassim, 2021",
          "ref": "Nassim, M., Park, H., Dikaios, E., Potes, A., Elbaz, S., Mc Veigh, C., . . . Rej, S. (2021). Brief Mindfulness Intervention vs. Health Enhancement Program for Patients Undergoing Dialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel), 9(6). doi:10.3390/healthcare9060659"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2013",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sadeh-Sharvit, 2023",
          "ref": "Sadeh-Sharvit, S., Camp, T. D., Horton, S. E., Hefner, J. D., Berry, J. M., Grossman, E., & Hollon, S. D. (2023). Effects of an artificial intelligence platform for behavioral interventions on depression and anxiety symptoms: randomized clinical trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e46781."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2016",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Timulak, 2022",
          "ref": "Timulak L, Keogh D, Chigwedere C, et al. A comparison of emotion-focused therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: results of a feasibility randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy (Chic). 2022;59(1):84-95. doi:10.1037/pst0000427"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2011",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., et al. (2011). Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 441–452."
        },
        {
          "study": "Torres, 2019",
          "ref": "Torres-Platas SG, Escobar S, Belliveau C, Wu J, Sasi N, Fotso J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Intervention for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. and Psychosomatics. 2019;88(4):254-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2023",
          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        }
      ]
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    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
          "ref": "Bathgate, C. J., Kilbourn, K. M., Murphy, N. H., Wamboldt, F. S., & Holm, K. E. (2022). Pilot RCT of a telehealth intervention to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, 21(2), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
          "ref": "Bolinski, F., Kleiboer, A., Neijenhuijs, K., Karyotaki, E., Wiers, R., de Koning, L., . . . Riper, H. (2022). Challenges in Recruiting University Students for Web-Based Indicated Prevention of Depression and Anxiety: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial (ICare Prevent). J Med Internet Res, 24(12), e40892. doi:10.2196/4089"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chen, 2023",
          "ref": "Chen, X., Zeng, M., Chen, C., Zhu, D., Chen, L., & Jiang, Z. (2023). Efficacy of Psycho-Cardiology therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with mild anxiety and depression. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 9. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1031255"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2023",
          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
        },
        {
          "study": "Graham, 2020",
          "ref": "Graham, A. K., Greene, C. J., Kwasny, M. J., Kaiser, S. M., Lieponis, P., Powell, T., & Mohr, D. C. (2020). Coached mobile app platform for the treatment of depression and anxiety among primary care patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(9), 906-914. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2023",
          "ref": "Huang, S., Wang, Z., Zheng, D., & Liu, L. (2023). Anxiety disorder in menopausal women and the intervention efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction. American Journal of Translational Research, 15(3), 2016-2024."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2013",
          "ref": "Johansson, R., Björklund, M., Hornborg, C., Karlsson, S., Hesser, H., Ljótsson, B. L., . . . Andersson, G. (2013). Affect-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression and anxiety through the internet: A randomized controlled trial. PeerJ, 2013(1). doi:10.7717/peerj.102"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnston, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnston, L., Titov, N., Andrews, G., Spence, J., & Dear, B. F. (2011). A RCT of a transdiagnostic internet-delivered treatment for three anxiety disorders: examination of support roles and disorder-specific outcomes. PLoS One, 6(11), e28079. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jones, 2016",
          "ref": "Jones, S. L., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Soucy, J. N. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of guided internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with generalized anxiety. J Anxiety Disord, 37, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.10.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Karyotaki, 2022",
          "ref": "Karyotaki, E., Klein, A. M., Ciharova, M., Bolinski, F., Krijnen, L., de Koning, L., . . . Cuijpers, P. (2022). Guided internet-based transdiagnostic individually tailored Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in college students: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 150, 104028. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.104028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kladnitski, 2020",
          "ref": "Kladnitski N, Smith J, Uppal S, James MA, Allen AR, Andrews G, et al. Transdiagnostic internet-delivered CBT and mindfulness-based treatment for depression and anxiety: A randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions. 2020;20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Knapstad, 2020",
          "ref": "Knapstad M, Lervik LV, Sæther SMM, Aarø LE, Smith ORF. Effectiveness of Prompt Mental Health Care, the Norwegian Version of Improving Access to Psychological Therapies: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(2):90-105. doi: 10.1159/000504453. Epub 2019 Dec 3. PMID: 31794968; PMCID: PMC7158231."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nassim, 2021",
          "ref": "Nassim, M., Park, H., Dikaios, E., Potes, A., Elbaz, S., Mc Veigh, C., . . . Rej, S. (2021). Brief Mindfulness Intervention vs. Health Enhancement Program for Patients Undergoing Dialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel), 9(6). doi:10.3390/healthcare9060659"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2013",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2020",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Enrique, A., Eilert, N., Franklin, M., Palacios, J., Duffy, D., . . . Timulak, L. (2020). A pragmatic randomized waitlist-controlled effectiveness and cost-effectiveness trial of digital interventions for depression and anxiety. npj Digital Medicine, 3(1). doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0293-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sadeh-Sharvit, 2023",
          "ref": "Sadeh-Sharvit, S., Camp, T. D., Horton, S. E., Hefner, J. D., Berry, J. M., Grossman, E., & Hollon, S. D. (2023). Effects of an artificial intelligence platform for behavioral interventions on depression and anxiety symptoms: randomized clinical trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e46781."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaeuffele, 2022",
          "ref": "Schaeuffele C, Homeyer S, Perea L, et al. The unified protocol as an Internet-based intervention for emotional disorders: randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022;17:e0270178."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2016",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Timulak, 2022",
          "ref": "Timulak L, Keogh D, Chigwedere C, et al. A comparison of emotion-focused therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: results of a feasibility randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy (Chic). 2022;59(1):84-95. doi:10.1037/pst0000427"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2011",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., et al. (2011). Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 441–452."
        },
        {
          "study": "Torres, 2019",
          "ref": "Torres-Platas SG, Escobar S, Belliveau C, Wu J, Sasi N, Fotso J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Intervention for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. and Psychosomatics. 2019;88(4):254-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
          "ref": "Tully, P. J., Turnbull, D. A., Horowitz, J. D., Beltrame, J. F., Baune, B. T., Sauer-Zavala, S., . . . Wittert, G. A. (2022). Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Results From the CHAMPS Pilot-Feasibility Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.741039"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2023",
          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhang, X., Mao, F., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., & Cao, F. (2022). Effects of a maternal mindfulness intervention targeting prenatal psychological distress on infants’ meconium microbiota: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 145, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105914"
        }
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          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., O'Toole, M. S., & Heimberg, R. G. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of emotion regulation therapy for generalized anxiety disorder with and without co-occurring depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(3), 268-281. doi:10.1037/ccp0000289"
        },
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          "ref": "Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Salters-Pedneault, K. (2008). Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 76(6), 1083-1089. doi:10.1037/a0012720"
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        },
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          "ref": "Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Salters-Pedneault, K. (2008). Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 76(6), 1083-1089. doi:10.1037/a0012720"
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          "ref": "Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., O'Toole, M. S., & Heimberg, R. G. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of emotion regulation therapy for generalized anxiety disorder with and without co-occurring depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(3), 268-281. doi:10.1037/ccp0000289"
        },
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          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
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          "study": "Roemer, 2008",
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          "ref": "Arean PA, Perri MG, Nezu AM, Schein RL, Christopher F, Joseph TX. Comparative effectiveness of social problem-solving therapy and reminiscence therapy as treatments for depression in older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1993;61(6):1003-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chan, 2013",
          "ref": "Chan MF, Ng SE, Tien A, Man Ho RC, Thayala J. A randomised controlled study to explore the effect of life story review on depression in older Chinese in Singapore. Health and Social Care in the Community. 2013;21(5):545-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Choy, 2016",
          "ref": "Choy JC, Lou VW. Effectiveness of the modified instrumental reminiscence intervention on psychological well-being among community-dwelling chinese older adults: A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2016;24(1):60-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ekkers, 2011",
          "ref": "Ekkers W, Korrelboom K, Huijbrechts I, Smits N, Cuijpers P, Gaag M. Competitive memory training for treating depression and rumination in depressed older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2011;49(10):588-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Floyd, 2004",
          "ref": "Floyd M, Scogin F, McKendree-Smith NL, Floyd DL, Rokke PD. Cognitive therapy for depression: A comparison of individual psychotherapy and bibliotherapy for depressed older adults. Behavior modification. 2004;28(2):297-318."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gellis, 2008",
          "ref": "Gellis ZD, McGinty J, Tierney L, Jordan C, Burton J, Misener E. Randomized controlled trial of problem-solving therapy for minor depression in home care. Research on Social Work Practice. 2008;18(6):596-606."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hautzinger, 2004",
          "ref": "Hautzinger M, Welz S. Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie bei Depressionen im Alter: Ergebnisse einer kontrollierten Vergleichsstudie unter ambulanten Bedingungen an Depressionen mittleren Schweregrads. = Cognitive behavioral therapy for depressed older outpatients: A controlled, randomized trial. Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie. 2004;37(6):427-35."
        },
        {
          "study": "Heckman, 2011",
          "ref": "Heckman TG, Sikkema KJ, Hansen N, Kochman A, Heh V, Neufeld S, et al. A randomized clinical trial of a coping improvement group intervention for HIV-infected older adults. Journal of behavioral medicine. 2011;34(2):102-11."
        },
        {
          "study": "Heckman, 2013",
          "ref": "Heckman, T. G., Heckman, B. D., Anderson, T., Lovejoy, T. I., Mohr, D., Sutton, M., . . . Gau, J.-T. (2013). Supportive-expressive and coping group teletherapies for HIV-infected older adults: a randomized clinical trial. AIDS Behav, 17(9), 3034-3044. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Laidlaw, 2008",
          "ref": "Laidlaw K, Davidson K, Toner H, Jackson G, Clark S, Law J, et al. A randomised controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy vs treatment as usual in the treatment of mild to moderate late life depression. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2008;23(8):843-50."
        },
        {
          "study": "Landreville, 1997",
          "ref": "Landreville P, Bissonnette L. Effects of cognitive bibliotherapy for depressed older adults with a disability. Clinical Gerontologist. 1997;17(4):35-55."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ng, 2013",
          "ref": "Ng SE, Tien A, Thayala JN, Ho RC, Chan MF. The effect of life story review on depression of older community-dwelling Chinese adults in Singapore: A preliminary result. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2013;28(3):328-30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pellas, 2022",
          "ref": "Pellas, J., Renner, F., Ji, J. L., & Damberg, M. (2022). Telephone-based behavioral activation with mental imagery for depression: A pilot randomized clinical trial in isolated older adults during the Covid-19 pandemic. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 37(1). doi:10.1002/gps.5646"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sadler, 2018",
          "ref": "Sadler, P., McLaren, S., Klein, B., Harvey, J., & Jenkins, M. (2018). Cognitive behavior therapy for older adults with insomnia and depression: a randomized controlled trial in community mental health services. Sleep, 41(8) (no pagination). doi:10.1093/sleep/zsy106"
        },
        {
          "study": "Saisanan, 2020",
          "ref": "Saisanan Na Ayudhaya, W., Pityaratstian, N., & Jiamjarasrangsi, W. (2020). Effectiveness of Behavioral Activation in Treating Thai Older Adults with Subthreshold Depression Residing in the Community. Clin Interv Aging, 15, 2363-2374. doi:10.2147/cia.S274262"
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1987",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Hamblin D, Beutler L. Bibliotherapy for depressed older adults: A self-help alternative. The Gerontologist. 1987;27(3):383-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1989",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Jamison C, Gochneaur K. Comparative efficacy of cognitive and behavioral bibliotherapy for mildly and moderately depressed older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989;57(3):403-7."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Serrano Selva JP, Latorre Postigo JM, Ros Segura L, Navarro Bravo B, Aguilar Corcoles MJ, Nieto Lopez M, et al. Life review therapy using autobiographical retrieval practice for older adults with clinical depression. Psicothema. 2012;24(2):224-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shah, 2018",
          "ref": "Shah, A., Morthland, M., Scogin, F., Presnell, A., DiNapoli, E. A., DeCoster, J., & Yang, X. (2018). Audio and Computer Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior Therapy, 49(6), 904‐916."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watt, 2000",
          "ref": "Watt LM, Cappeliez P. Integrative and instrumental reminiscence therapies for depression in older adults: Intervention strategies and treatment effectiveness. Aging and Mental Health. 2000;4(2):166-77."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wuthrich, 2013",
          "ref": "Wuthrich VM, Rapee RM. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behavioural therapy for comorbid anxiety and depression in older adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2013;51(12):779-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wuthrich, 2016",
          "ref": "Wuthrich VM, Rapee RM, Kangas M, Perini S. Randomized controlled trial of group cognitive behavioral therapy compared to a discussion group for co-morbid anxiety and depression in older adults. Psychological Medicine. 2016;46(4):785-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Xie, 2019",
          "ref": "Xie, J., He, G., Ding, S., Pan, C., Zhang, X., Zhou, J., & Iennaco, J. D. (2019). A randomized study on the effect of modified behavioral activation treatment for depressive symptoms in rural left-behind elderly. Psychotherapy research : journal of the Society for Psychotherapy Research, 29(3), 372-382. doi:10.1080/10503307.2017.1364444"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yuan, 2020",
          "ref": "Yuan J, Yin Y, Tang X, et al. Culturally adapted and lay-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with depressive symptoms in rural China: a pilot trial. Behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy. 2020:1-5."
        },
        {
          "study": "van Schaik, 2006",
          "ref": "van Schaik A, van Marwijk H, Adèr H, van Dyck R, de Haan M, Penninx B, et al. Interpersonal psychotherapy for elderly patients in primary care. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2006;14(9):777-86."
        }
      ]
    },
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        },
        {
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          "ref": "Chan MF, Ng SE, Tien A, Man Ho RC, Thayala J. A randomised controlled study to explore the effect of life story review on depression in older Chinese in Singapore. Health and Social Care in the Community. 2013;21(5):545-53."
        },
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          "study": "Choy, 2016",
          "ref": "Choy JC, Lou VW. Effectiveness of the modified instrumental reminiscence intervention on psychological well-being among community-dwelling chinese older adults: A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2016;24(1):60-9."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Ekkers W, Korrelboom K, Huijbrechts I, Smits N, Cuijpers P, Gaag M. Competitive memory training for treating depression and rumination in depressed older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2011;49(10):588-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Floyd, 2004",
          "ref": "Floyd M, Scogin F, McKendree-Smith NL, Floyd DL, Rokke PD. Cognitive therapy for depression: A comparison of individual psychotherapy and bibliotherapy for depressed older adults. Behavior modification. 2004;28(2):297-318."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gellis, 2008",
          "ref": "Gellis ZD, McGinty J, Tierney L, Jordan C, Burton J, Misener E. Randomized controlled trial of problem-solving therapy for minor depression in home care. Research on Social Work Practice. 2008;18(6):596-606."
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        {
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          "ref": "Hautzinger M, Welz S. Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie bei Depressionen im Alter: Ergebnisse einer kontrollierten Vergleichsstudie unter ambulanten Bedingungen an Depressionen mittleren Schweregrads. = Cognitive behavioral therapy for depressed older outpatients: A controlled, randomized trial. Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie. 2004;37(6):427-35."
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          "ref": "Heckman TG, Sikkema KJ, Hansen N, Kochman A, Heh V, Neufeld S, et al. A randomized clinical trial of a coping improvement group intervention for HIV-infected older adults. Journal of behavioral medicine. 2011;34(2):102-11."
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          "ref": "Laidlaw K, Davidson K, Toner H, Jackson G, Clark S, Law J, et al. A randomised controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy vs treatment as usual in the treatment of mild to moderate late life depression. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2008;23(8):843-50."
        },
        {
          "study": "Landreville, 1997",
          "ref": "Landreville P, Bissonnette L. Effects of cognitive bibliotherapy for depressed older adults with a disability. Clinical Gerontologist. 1997;17(4):35-55."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ng, 2013",
          "ref": "Ng SE, Tien A, Thayala JN, Ho RC, Chan MF. The effect of life story review on depression of older community-dwelling Chinese adults in Singapore: A preliminary result. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2013;28(3):328-30."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Pellas, J., Renner, F., Ji, J. L., & Damberg, M. (2022). Telephone-based behavioral activation with mental imagery for depression: A pilot randomized clinical trial in isolated older adults during the Covid-19 pandemic. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 37(1). doi:10.1002/gps.5646"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sadler, 2018",
          "ref": "Sadler, P., McLaren, S., Klein, B., Harvey, J., & Jenkins, M. (2018). Cognitive behavior therapy for older adults with insomnia and depression: a randomized controlled trial in community mental health services. Sleep, 41(8) (no pagination). doi:10.1093/sleep/zsy106"
        },
        {
          "study": "Saisanan, 2020",
          "ref": "Saisanan Na Ayudhaya, W., Pityaratstian, N., & Jiamjarasrangsi, W. (2020). Effectiveness of Behavioral Activation in Treating Thai Older Adults with Subthreshold Depression Residing in the Community. Clin Interv Aging, 15, 2363-2374. doi:10.2147/cia.S274262"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Scogin F, Hamblin D, Beutler L. Bibliotherapy for depressed older adults: A self-help alternative. The Gerontologist. 1987;27(3):383-7."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Scogin F, Jamison C, Gochneaur K. Comparative efficacy of cognitive and behavioral bibliotherapy for mildly and moderately depressed older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989;57(3):403-7."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Serrano Selva JP, Latorre Postigo JM, Ros Segura L, Navarro Bravo B, Aguilar Corcoles MJ, Nieto Lopez M, et al. Life review therapy using autobiographical retrieval practice for older adults with clinical depression. Psicothema. 2012;24(2):224-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shah, 2018",
          "ref": "Shah, A., Morthland, M., Scogin, F., Presnell, A., DiNapoli, E. A., DeCoster, J., & Yang, X. (2018). Audio and Computer Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior Therapy, 49(6), 904‐916."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watt, 2000",
          "ref": "Watt LM, Cappeliez P. Integrative and instrumental reminiscence therapies for depression in older adults: Intervention strategies and treatment effectiveness. Aging and Mental Health. 2000;4(2):166-77."
        },
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          "ref": "Choy JC, Lou VW. Effectiveness of the modified instrumental reminiscence intervention on psychological well-being among community-dwelling chinese older adults: A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2016;24(1):60-9."
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          "ref": "Heckman TG, Sikkema KJ, Hansen N, Kochman A, Heh V, Neufeld S, et al. A randomized clinical trial of a coping improvement group intervention for HIV-infected older adults. Journal of behavioral medicine. 2011;34(2):102-11."
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          "ref": "Laidlaw K, Davidson K, Toner H, Jackson G, Clark S, Law J, et al. A randomised controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy vs treatment as usual in the treatment of mild to moderate late life depression. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2008;23(8):843-50."
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        },
        {
          "study": "Sadler, 2018",
          "ref": "Sadler, P., McLaren, S., Klein, B., Harvey, J., & Jenkins, M. (2018). Cognitive behavior therapy for older adults with insomnia and depression: a randomized controlled trial in community mental health services. Sleep, 41(8) (no pagination). doi:10.1093/sleep/zsy106"
        },
        {
          "study": "Saisanan, 2020",
          "ref": "Saisanan Na Ayudhaya, W., Pityaratstian, N., & Jiamjarasrangsi, W. (2020). Effectiveness of Behavioral Activation in Treating Thai Older Adults with Subthreshold Depression Residing in the Community. Clin Interv Aging, 15, 2363-2374. doi:10.2147/cia.S274262"
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        {
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          "ref": "Shah, A., Morthland, M., Scogin, F., Presnell, A., DiNapoli, E. A., DeCoster, J., & Yang, X. (2018). Audio and Computer Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior Therapy, 49(6), 904‐916."
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          "ref": "Hautzinger M, Welz S. Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie bei Depressionen im Alter: Ergebnisse einer kontrollierten Vergleichsstudie unter ambulanten Bedingungen an Depressionen mittleren Schweregrads. = Cognitive behavioral therapy for depressed older outpatients: A controlled, randomized trial. Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie. 2004;37(6):427-35."
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          "ref": "Heckman TG, Sikkema KJ, Hansen N, Kochman A, Heh V, Neufeld S, et al. A randomized clinical trial of a coping improvement group intervention for HIV-infected older adults. Journal of behavioral medicine. 2011;34(2):102-11."
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          "ref": "Laidlaw K, Davidson K, Toner H, Jackson G, Clark S, Law J, et al. A randomised controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy vs treatment as usual in the treatment of mild to moderate late life depression. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2008;23(8):843-50."
        },
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        },
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          "ref": "Ng SE, Tien A, Thayala JN, Ho RC, Chan MF. The effect of life story review on depression of older community-dwelling Chinese adults in Singapore: A preliminary result. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2013;28(3):328-30."
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        },
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          "ref": "Saisanan Na Ayudhaya, W., Pityaratstian, N., & Jiamjarasrangsi, W. (2020). Effectiveness of Behavioral Activation in Treating Thai Older Adults with Subthreshold Depression Residing in the Community. Clin Interv Aging, 15, 2363-2374. doi:10.2147/cia.S274262"
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        },
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          "ref": "Choy JC, Lou VW. Effectiveness of the modified instrumental reminiscence intervention on psychological well-being among community-dwelling chinese older adults: A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2016;24(1):60-9."
        },
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        },
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          "ref": "Floyd M, Scogin F, McKendree-Smith NL, Floyd DL, Rokke PD. Cognitive therapy for depression: A comparison of individual psychotherapy and bibliotherapy for depressed older adults. Behavior modification. 2004;28(2):297-318."
        },
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          "ref": "Gellis ZD, McGinty J, Tierney L, Jordan C, Burton J, Misener E. Randomized controlled trial of problem-solving therapy for minor depression in home care. Research on Social Work Practice. 2008;18(6):596-606."
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          "ref": "Hautzinger M, Welz S. Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie bei Depressionen im Alter: Ergebnisse einer kontrollierten Vergleichsstudie unter ambulanten Bedingungen an Depressionen mittleren Schweregrads. = Cognitive behavioral therapy for depressed older outpatients: A controlled, randomized trial. Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie. 2004;37(6):427-35."
        },
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          "ref": "Heckman TG, Sikkema KJ, Hansen N, Kochman A, Heh V, Neufeld S, et al. A randomized clinical trial of a coping improvement group intervention for HIV-infected older adults. Journal of behavioral medicine. 2011;34(2):102-11."
        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Laidlaw, 2008",
          "ref": "Laidlaw K, Davidson K, Toner H, Jackson G, Clark S, Law J, et al. A randomised controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy vs treatment as usual in the treatment of mild to moderate late life depression. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2008;23(8):843-50."
        },
        {
          "study": "Landreville, 1997",
          "ref": "Landreville P, Bissonnette L. Effects of cognitive bibliotherapy for depressed older adults with a disability. Clinical Gerontologist. 1997;17(4):35-55."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ng, 2013",
          "ref": "Ng SE, Tien A, Thayala JN, Ho RC, Chan MF. The effect of life story review on depression of older community-dwelling Chinese adults in Singapore: A preliminary result. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2013;28(3):328-30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pellas, 2022",
          "ref": "Pellas, J., Renner, F., Ji, J. L., & Damberg, M. (2022). Telephone-based behavioral activation with mental imagery for depression: A pilot randomized clinical trial in isolated older adults during the Covid-19 pandemic. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 37(1). doi:10.1002/gps.5646"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sadler, 2018",
          "ref": "Sadler, P., McLaren, S., Klein, B., Harvey, J., & Jenkins, M. (2018). Cognitive behavior therapy for older adults with insomnia and depression: a randomized controlled trial in community mental health services. Sleep, 41(8) (no pagination). doi:10.1093/sleep/zsy106"
        },
        {
          "study": "Saisanan, 2020",
          "ref": "Saisanan Na Ayudhaya, W., Pityaratstian, N., & Jiamjarasrangsi, W. (2020). Effectiveness of Behavioral Activation in Treating Thai Older Adults with Subthreshold Depression Residing in the Community. Clin Interv Aging, 15, 2363-2374. doi:10.2147/cia.S274262"
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1987",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Hamblin D, Beutler L. Bibliotherapy for depressed older adults: A self-help alternative. The Gerontologist. 1987;27(3):383-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1989",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Jamison C, Gochneaur K. Comparative efficacy of cognitive and behavioral bibliotherapy for mildly and moderately depressed older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989;57(3):403-7."
        },
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          "ref": "Serrano Selva JP, Latorre Postigo JM, Ros Segura L, Navarro Bravo B, Aguilar Corcoles MJ, Nieto Lopez M, et al. Life review therapy using autobiographical retrieval practice for older adults with clinical depression. Psicothema. 2012;24(2):224-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shah, 2018",
          "ref": "Shah, A., Morthland, M., Scogin, F., Presnell, A., DiNapoli, E. A., DeCoster, J., & Yang, X. (2018). Audio and Computer Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior Therapy, 49(6), 904‐916."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watt, 2000",
          "ref": "Watt LM, Cappeliez P. Integrative and instrumental reminiscence therapies for depression in older adults: Intervention strategies and treatment effectiveness. Aging and Mental Health. 2000;4(2):166-77."
        },
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          "ref": "Hautzinger M, Welz S. Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie bei Depressionen im Alter: Ergebnisse einer kontrollierten Vergleichsstudie unter ambulanten Bedingungen an Depressionen mittleren Schweregrads. = Cognitive behavioral therapy for depressed older outpatients: A controlled, randomized trial. Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie. 2004;37(6):427-35."
        },
        {
          "study": "Heckman, 2011",
          "ref": "Heckman TG, Sikkema KJ, Hansen N, Kochman A, Heh V, Neufeld S, et al. A randomized clinical trial of a coping improvement group intervention for HIV-infected older adults. Journal of behavioral medicine. 2011;34(2):102-11."
        },
        {
          "study": "Heckman, 2013",
          "ref": "Heckman, T. G., Heckman, B. D., Anderson, T., Lovejoy, T. I., Mohr, D., Sutton, M., . . . Gau, J.-T. (2013). Supportive-expressive and coping group teletherapies for HIV-infected older adults: a randomized clinical trial. AIDS Behav, 17(9), 3034-3044. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Laidlaw, 2008",
          "ref": "Laidlaw K, Davidson K, Toner H, Jackson G, Clark S, Law J, et al. A randomised controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy vs treatment as usual in the treatment of mild to moderate late life depression. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2008;23(8):843-50."
        },
        {
          "study": "Landreville, 1997",
          "ref": "Landreville P, Bissonnette L. Effects of cognitive bibliotherapy for depressed older adults with a disability. Clinical Gerontologist. 1997;17(4):35-55."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ng, 2013",
          "ref": "Ng SE, Tien A, Thayala JN, Ho RC, Chan MF. The effect of life story review on depression of older community-dwelling Chinese adults in Singapore: A preliminary result. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2013;28(3):328-30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pellas, 2022",
          "ref": "Pellas, J., Renner, F., Ji, J. L., & Damberg, M. (2022). Telephone-based behavioral activation with mental imagery for depression: A pilot randomized clinical trial in isolated older adults during the Covid-19 pandemic. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 37(1). doi:10.1002/gps.5646"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sadler, 2018",
          "ref": "Sadler, P., McLaren, S., Klein, B., Harvey, J., & Jenkins, M. (2018). Cognitive behavior therapy for older adults with insomnia and depression: a randomized controlled trial in community mental health services. Sleep, 41(8) (no pagination). doi:10.1093/sleep/zsy106"
        },
        {
          "study": "Saisanan, 2020",
          "ref": "Saisanan Na Ayudhaya, W., Pityaratstian, N., & Jiamjarasrangsi, W. (2020). Effectiveness of Behavioral Activation in Treating Thai Older Adults with Subthreshold Depression Residing in the Community. Clin Interv Aging, 15, 2363-2374. doi:10.2147/cia.S274262"
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1987",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Hamblin D, Beutler L. Bibliotherapy for depressed older adults: A self-help alternative. The Gerontologist. 1987;27(3):383-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1989",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Jamison C, Gochneaur K. Comparative efficacy of cognitive and behavioral bibliotherapy for mildly and moderately depressed older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989;57(3):403-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Serrano-Selva, 2012",
          "ref": "Serrano Selva JP, Latorre Postigo JM, Ros Segura L, Navarro Bravo B, Aguilar Corcoles MJ, Nieto Lopez M, et al. Life review therapy using autobiographical retrieval practice for older adults with clinical depression. Psicothema. 2012;24(2):224-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watt, 2000",
          "ref": "Watt LM, Cappeliez P. Integrative and instrumental reminiscence therapies for depression in older adults: Intervention strategies and treatment effectiveness. Aging and Mental Health. 2000;4(2):166-77."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wuthrich, 2013",
          "ref": "Wuthrich VM, Rapee RM. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behavioural therapy for comorbid anxiety and depression in older adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2013;51(12):779-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Xie, 2019",
          "ref": "Xie, J., He, G., Ding, S., Pan, C., Zhang, X., Zhou, J., & Iennaco, J. D. (2019). A randomized study on the effect of modified behavioral activation treatment for depressive symptoms in rural left-behind elderly. Psychotherapy research : journal of the Society for Psychotherapy Research, 29(3), 372-382. doi:10.1080/10503307.2017.1364444"
        },
        {
          "study": "van Schaik, 2006",
          "ref": "van Schaik A, van Marwijk H, Adèr H, van Dyck R, de Haan M, Penninx B, et al. Interpersonal psychotherapy for elderly patients in primary care. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2006;14(9):777-86."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 775,
      "instr": "GDS",
      "full": "Geriatric Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Not low risk of bias",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 25,
      "k_es": 33,
      "sd": 4.491,
      "lo": 3.659,
      "hi": 5.511,
      "tau2": 0.2338,
      "tau2w": 0.0005,
      "plo": 1.705,
      "phi": 11.828,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Arean, 1993",
          "ref": "Arean PA, Perri MG, Nezu AM, Schein RL, Christopher F, Joseph TX. Comparative effectiveness of social problem-solving therapy and reminiscence therapy as treatments for depression in older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1993;61(6):1003-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chan, 2013",
          "ref": "Chan MF, Ng SE, Tien A, Man Ho RC, Thayala J. A randomised controlled study to explore the effect of life story review on depression in older Chinese in Singapore. Health and Social Care in the Community. 2013;21(5):545-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Choy, 2016",
          "ref": "Choy JC, Lou VW. Effectiveness of the modified instrumental reminiscence intervention on psychological well-being among community-dwelling chinese older adults: A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2016;24(1):60-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ekkers, 2011",
          "ref": "Ekkers W, Korrelboom K, Huijbrechts I, Smits N, Cuijpers P, Gaag M. Competitive memory training for treating depression and rumination in depressed older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2011;49(10):588-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Floyd, 2004",
          "ref": "Floyd M, Scogin F, McKendree-Smith NL, Floyd DL, Rokke PD. Cognitive therapy for depression: A comparison of individual psychotherapy and bibliotherapy for depressed older adults. Behavior modification. 2004;28(2):297-318."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gellis, 2008",
          "ref": "Gellis ZD, McGinty J, Tierney L, Jordan C, Burton J, Misener E. Randomized controlled trial of problem-solving therapy for minor depression in home care. Research on Social Work Practice. 2008;18(6):596-606."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hautzinger, 2004",
          "ref": "Hautzinger M, Welz S. Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie bei Depressionen im Alter: Ergebnisse einer kontrollierten Vergleichsstudie unter ambulanten Bedingungen an Depressionen mittleren Schweregrads. = Cognitive behavioral therapy for depressed older outpatients: A controlled, randomized trial. Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie. 2004;37(6):427-35."
        },
        {
          "study": "Heckman, 2011",
          "ref": "Heckman TG, Sikkema KJ, Hansen N, Kochman A, Heh V, Neufeld S, et al. A randomized clinical trial of a coping improvement group intervention for HIV-infected older adults. Journal of behavioral medicine. 2011;34(2):102-11."
        },
        {
          "study": "Heckman, 2013",
          "ref": "Heckman, T. G., Heckman, B. D., Anderson, T., Lovejoy, T. I., Mohr, D., Sutton, M., . . . Gau, J.-T. (2013). Supportive-expressive and coping group teletherapies for HIV-infected older adults: a randomized clinical trial. AIDS Behav, 17(9), 3034-3044. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Laidlaw, 2008",
          "ref": "Laidlaw K, Davidson K, Toner H, Jackson G, Clark S, Law J, et al. A randomised controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy vs treatment as usual in the treatment of mild to moderate late life depression. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2008;23(8):843-50."
        },
        {
          "study": "Landreville, 1997",
          "ref": "Landreville P, Bissonnette L. Effects of cognitive bibliotherapy for depressed older adults with a disability. Clinical Gerontologist. 1997;17(4):35-55."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ng, 2013",
          "ref": "Ng SE, Tien A, Thayala JN, Ho RC, Chan MF. The effect of life story review on depression of older community-dwelling Chinese adults in Singapore: A preliminary result. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2013;28(3):328-30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pellas, 2022",
          "ref": "Pellas, J., Renner, F., Ji, J. L., & Damberg, M. (2022). Telephone-based behavioral activation with mental imagery for depression: A pilot randomized clinical trial in isolated older adults during the Covid-19 pandemic. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 37(1). doi:10.1002/gps.5646"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sadler, 2018",
          "ref": "Sadler, P., McLaren, S., Klein, B., Harvey, J., & Jenkins, M. (2018). Cognitive behavior therapy for older adults with insomnia and depression: a randomized controlled trial in community mental health services. Sleep, 41(8) (no pagination). doi:10.1093/sleep/zsy106"
        },
        {
          "study": "Saisanan, 2020",
          "ref": "Saisanan Na Ayudhaya, W., Pityaratstian, N., & Jiamjarasrangsi, W. (2020). Effectiveness of Behavioral Activation in Treating Thai Older Adults with Subthreshold Depression Residing in the Community. Clin Interv Aging, 15, 2363-2374. doi:10.2147/cia.S274262"
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1987",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Hamblin D, Beutler L. Bibliotherapy for depressed older adults: A self-help alternative. The Gerontologist. 1987;27(3):383-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1989",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Jamison C, Gochneaur K. Comparative efficacy of cognitive and behavioral bibliotherapy for mildly and moderately depressed older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989;57(3):403-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Serrano-Selva, 2012",
          "ref": "Serrano Selva JP, Latorre Postigo JM, Ros Segura L, Navarro Bravo B, Aguilar Corcoles MJ, Nieto Lopez M, et al. Life review therapy using autobiographical retrieval practice for older adults with clinical depression. Psicothema. 2012;24(2):224-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shah, 2018",
          "ref": "Shah, A., Morthland, M., Scogin, F., Presnell, A., DiNapoli, E. A., DeCoster, J., & Yang, X. (2018). Audio and Computer Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior Therapy, 49(6), 904‐916."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watt, 2000",
          "ref": "Watt LM, Cappeliez P. Integrative and instrumental reminiscence therapies for depression in older adults: Intervention strategies and treatment effectiveness. Aging and Mental Health. 2000;4(2):166-77."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wuthrich, 2013",
          "ref": "Wuthrich VM, Rapee RM. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behavioural therapy for comorbid anxiety and depression in older adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2013;51(12):779-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wuthrich, 2016",
          "ref": "Wuthrich VM, Rapee RM, Kangas M, Perini S. Randomized controlled trial of group cognitive behavioral therapy compared to a discussion group for co-morbid anxiety and depression in older adults. Psychological Medicine. 2016;46(4):785-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Xie, 2019",
          "ref": "Xie, J., He, G., Ding, S., Pan, C., Zhang, X., Zhou, J., & Iennaco, J. D. (2019). A randomized study on the effect of modified behavioral activation treatment for depressive symptoms in rural left-behind elderly. Psychotherapy research : journal of the Society for Psychotherapy Research, 29(3), 372-382. doi:10.1080/10503307.2017.1364444"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yuan, 2020",
          "ref": "Yuan J, Yin Y, Tang X, et al. Culturally adapted and lay-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with depressive symptoms in rural China: a pilot trial. Behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy. 2020:1-5."
        },
        {
          "study": "van Schaik, 2006",
          "ref": "van Schaik A, van Marwijk H, Adèr H, van Dyck R, de Haan M, Penninx B, et al. Interpersonal psychotherapy for elderly patients in primary care. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2006;14(9):777-86."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 776,
      "instr": "HADS-AS",
      "full": "Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - Anxiety Subscale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 13,
      "k_es": 17,
      "sd": 3.584,
      "lo": 2.782,
      "hi": 4.618,
      "tau2": 0.2102,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 1.409,
      "phi": 9.118,
      "i2": 98.1,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Belay, 2022",
          "ref": "Belay, W., Kaba, M., Labisso, W. L., Tigeneh, W., Sahile, Z., Zergaw, A., . . . Haileselassie, W. (2022). The effect of interpersonal psychotherapy on quality of life among breast cancer patients with common mental health disorder: a randomized control trial at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. Support Care Cancer, 30(1), 965-972. doi:10.1007/s00520-021-06508-y"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2021",
          "ref": "Fernández-Rodríguez, C., González-Fernández, S., Coto-Lesmes, R., & Pedrosa, I. (2021). Behavioral Activation and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in the Treatment of Anxiety and Depression in Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Behavior Modification, 45(5), 822-859. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445520916441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2023",
          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heller, 2020",
          "ref": "Heller HM, Hoogendoorn AW, Honig A, Broekman BFP, van Straten A. The Effectiveness of a Guided Internet-Based Tool for the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety in Pregnancy (MamaKits Online): Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(3):e15172."
        },
        {
          "study": "Holdgaard, 2023",
          "ref": "Holdgaard, A., Eckhardt-Hansen, C., Lassen, C. F., Kjesbu, I. E., Dall, C. H., Michaelsen, K. L., . . . Rasmusen, H. K. (2023). Cognitive-behavioural therapy reduces psychological distress in younger patients with cardiac disease: a randomized trial. Eur Heart J, 44(11), 986-996. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac792"
        },
        {
          "study": "Irgens, 2012",
          "ref": "Irgens, A., Dammen, T., Nysæter, T. E., & Hoffart, A. (2012). Thought field therapy (TFT) as a treatment for anxiety symptoms: A randomized controlled trial. Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing, 8(6), 331-338. doi:10.1016/j.explore.2012.08.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Norlund, 2018",
          "ref": "Norlund F, Wallin E, Olsson MGE, Wallert J, Burell G, Von Essen L, et al. Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for symptoms of depression and anxiety among patients with a recent myocardial infarction: the U-CARE Heart randomized trial. European journal of preventive cardiology. 2018;25(2):S63‐S4."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scheidt, 2013",
          "ref": "Scheidt CE, Waller E, Endorf K, Schmidt S, Kˆnig R, Zeeck A, et al. Is brief psychodynamic psychotherapy in primary fibromyalgia syndrome with concurrent depression an effective treatment? A randomized controlled trial. General hospital psychiatry [Internet]. 2013; 35(2):[160-7 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/075/CN-00878075/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sorby, 1991",
          "ref": "Sorby, N. G., Reavley, W., & Huber, J. W. (1991). Self help programme for anxiety in general practice: controlled trial of an anxiety management booklet. Br J Gen Pract, 41(351), 417-420. Retrieved from https://bjgp.org/content/bjgp/41/351/417.full.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Trimmer, 2018",
          "ref": "Trimmer C, Tyo R, Pikard J, McKenna C, Naeem F. Low-Intensity Cognitive Behavioural Therapy-Based Music Group (CBT-Music) for the Treatment of Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression: A Feasibility Study. Behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy. 2018;46(2):168-81."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek, 2013",
          "ref": "van Beek MHCT, Voshaar RCO, Beek AM, van Zijderveld GA, Visser S, Speckens AEM, et al. A brief cognitive‐behavioral intervention for treating depression and panic disorder in patients with noncardiac chest pain: A 24‐week randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety. 2013;30(7):670-8."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 777,
      "instr": "HADS-AS",
      "full": "Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - Anxiety Subscale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Three-level CHE model",
      "k": 13,
      "k_es": 17,
      "sd": 3.584,
      "lo": 2.707,
      "hi": 4.744,
      "tau2": 0.2038,
      "tau2w": 0.0056,
      "plo": 1.411,
      "phi": 9.1,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Belay, 2022",
          "ref": "Belay, W., Kaba, M., Labisso, W. L., Tigeneh, W., Sahile, Z., Zergaw, A., . . . Haileselassie, W. (2022). The effect of interpersonal psychotherapy on quality of life among breast cancer patients with common mental health disorder: a randomized control trial at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. Support Care Cancer, 30(1), 965-972. doi:10.1007/s00520-021-06508-y"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2021",
          "ref": "Fernández-Rodríguez, C., González-Fernández, S., Coto-Lesmes, R., & Pedrosa, I. (2021). Behavioral Activation and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in the Treatment of Anxiety and Depression in Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Behavior Modification, 45(5), 822-859. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445520916441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2023",
          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heller, 2020",
          "ref": "Heller HM, Hoogendoorn AW, Honig A, Broekman BFP, van Straten A. The Effectiveness of a Guided Internet-Based Tool for the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety in Pregnancy (MamaKits Online): Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(3):e15172."
        },
        {
          "study": "Holdgaard, 2023",
          "ref": "Holdgaard, A., Eckhardt-Hansen, C., Lassen, C. F., Kjesbu, I. E., Dall, C. H., Michaelsen, K. L., . . . Rasmusen, H. K. (2023). Cognitive-behavioural therapy reduces psychological distress in younger patients with cardiac disease: a randomized trial. Eur Heart J, 44(11), 986-996. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac792"
        },
        {
          "study": "Irgens, 2012",
          "ref": "Irgens, A., Dammen, T., Nysæter, T. E., & Hoffart, A. (2012). Thought field therapy (TFT) as a treatment for anxiety symptoms: A randomized controlled trial. Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing, 8(6), 331-338. doi:10.1016/j.explore.2012.08.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Norlund, 2018",
          "ref": "Norlund F, Wallin E, Olsson MGE, Wallert J, Burell G, Von Essen L, et al. Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for symptoms of depression and anxiety among patients with a recent myocardial infarction: the U-CARE Heart randomized trial. European journal of preventive cardiology. 2018;25(2):S63‐S4."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scheidt, 2013",
          "ref": "Scheidt CE, Waller E, Endorf K, Schmidt S, Kˆnig R, Zeeck A, et al. Is brief psychodynamic psychotherapy in primary fibromyalgia syndrome with concurrent depression an effective treatment? A randomized controlled trial. General hospital psychiatry [Internet]. 2013; 35(2):[160-7 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/075/CN-00878075/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sorby, 1991",
          "ref": "Sorby, N. G., Reavley, W., & Huber, J. W. (1991). Self help programme for anxiety in general practice: controlled trial of an anxiety management booklet. Br J Gen Pract, 41(351), 417-420. Retrieved from https://bjgp.org/content/bjgp/41/351/417.full.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Trimmer, 2018",
          "ref": "Trimmer C, Tyo R, Pikard J, McKenna C, Naeem F. Low-Intensity Cognitive Behavioural Therapy-Based Music Group (CBT-Music) for the Treatment of Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression: A Feasibility Study. Behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy. 2018;46(2):168-81."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek, 2013",
          "ref": "van Beek MHCT, Voshaar RCO, Beek AM, van Zijderveld GA, Visser S, Speckens AEM, et al. A brief cognitive‐behavioral intervention for treating depression and panic disorder in patients with noncardiac chest pain: A 24‐week randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety. 2013;30(7):670-8."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 778,
      "instr": "HADS-AS",
      "full": "Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - Anxiety Subscale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Fixed-effect",
      "k": 13,
      "k_es": 17,
      "sd": 3.786,
      "lo": 3.661,
      "hi": 3.915,
      "tau2": null,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": null,
      "phi": null,
      "i2": 95.4,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Belay, 2022",
          "ref": "Belay, W., Kaba, M., Labisso, W. L., Tigeneh, W., Sahile, Z., Zergaw, A., . . . Haileselassie, W. (2022). The effect of interpersonal psychotherapy on quality of life among breast cancer patients with common mental health disorder: a randomized control trial at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. Support Care Cancer, 30(1), 965-972. doi:10.1007/s00520-021-06508-y"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2021",
          "ref": "Fernández-Rodríguez, C., González-Fernández, S., Coto-Lesmes, R., & Pedrosa, I. (2021). Behavioral Activation and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in the Treatment of Anxiety and Depression in Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Behavior Modification, 45(5), 822-859. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445520916441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2023",
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          "study": "Belay, 2022",
          "ref": "Belay, W., Kaba, M., Labisso, W. L., Tigeneh, W., Sahile, Z., Zergaw, A., . . . Haileselassie, W. (2022). The effect of interpersonal psychotherapy on quality of life among breast cancer patients with common mental health disorder: a randomized control trial at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. Support Care Cancer, 30(1), 965-972. doi:10.1007/s00520-021-06508-y"
        },
        {
          "study": "Desautels, 2018",
          "ref": "Desautels, C., Savard, J., Ivers, H., Savard, M. H., & Caplette-Gingras, A. (2018). Treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive therapy and bright light therapy [Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial]. Health Psychology, 37(1), 1‐13. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000539"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2021",
          "ref": "Fernández-Rodríguez, C., González-Fernández, S., Coto-Lesmes, R., & Pedrosa, I. (2021). Behavioral Activation and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in the Treatment of Anxiety and Depression in Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Behavior Modification, 45(5), 822-859. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445520916441"
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          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2023",
          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
        },
        {
          "study": "Garnefski, 2011",
          "ref": "Garnefski N, Kraaij V, Schroevers M. Effects of a cognitive behavioral self-help program on depressed mood for people with acquired chronic physical impairments: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Patient education and counseling. 2011;85(2):304-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Haringsma, 2006",
          "ref": "Haringsma R, Engels G, Cuijpers P, Spinhoven P. Effectiveness of the Coping With Depression (CWD) course for older adults provided by the community-based mental health care system in the Netherlands: A randomized controlled field trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2006;18(02):307-25."
        },
        {
          "study": "Herrmann-Lingen, 2016",
          "ref": "Herrmann-Lingen C, Beutel ME, Bosbach A, Deter HC, Fritzsche K, Hellmich M, et al. A stepwise psychotherapy intervention for reducing risk in coronary artery disease (SPIRR-CAD): Results of an observer-blinded, multicenter, randomized trial in depressed patients with coronary artery disease. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2016;78(6):704-15."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoifodt, 2013",
          "ref": "Hoifodt RS, Lillevoll KR, Griffiths KM, et al. The clinical effectiveness of web-based cognitive behavioral therapy with face-to-face therapist support for depressed primary care patients: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research 2013; 15(8): e153."
        },
        {
          "study": "Holdgaard, 2023",
          "ref": "Holdgaard, A., Eckhardt-Hansen, C., Lassen, C. F., Kjesbu, I. E., Dall, C. H., Michaelsen, K. L., . . . Rasmusen, H. K. (2023). Cognitive-behavioural therapy reduces psychological distress in younger patients with cardiac disease: a randomized trial. Eur Heart J, 44(11), 986-996. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac792"
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          "study": "Hummel, 2017",
          "ref": "Hummel, J., Weisbrod, C., Boesch, L., Himpler, K., Hauer, K., Hautzinger, M., . . . Kopf, D. (2017). AIDE–Acute Illness and Depression in Elderly Patients. Cognitive Behavioral Group Psychotherapy in Geriatric Patients With Comorbid Depression: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Journal of the american medical directors association, 18(4), 341-349."
        },
        {
          "study": "Irgens, 2012",
          "ref": "Irgens, A., Dammen, T., Nysæter, T. E., & Hoffart, A. (2012). Thought field therapy (TFT) as a treatment for anxiety symptoms: A randomized controlled trial. Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing, 8(6), 331-338. doi:10.1016/j.explore.2012.08.003"
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          "ref": "Johansson, O., Bjärehed, J., Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., & Lundh, L. G. (2019). Effectiveness of guided internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for depression in routine psychiatry: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 17. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2019.100247"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2018",
          "ref": "Kim YH, Choi KS, Han K, Kim HW. A psychological intervention programme for patients with breast cancer under chemotherapy and at a high risk of depression: a randomised clinical trial. Journal of clinical nursing 2018; 27(3‐4): 572‐81."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2013",
          "ref": "Leung SS, Lee AM, Chiang VC, Lam SK, Kuen YW, Wong DF. Culturally sensitive, preventive antenatal group cognitive-behavioural therapy for Chinese women with depression. Internationan Journal of Nursing Practice. 2013;19(Supp 1):28-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2016",
          "ref": "Leung S, Lee A, Wong D, Wong C, Leung K, Chiang V, et al. A brief group intervention using a cognitive-behavioural approach to reduce postnatal depressive symptoms: A randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Medical Journal. 2016;22(1 Supplement 2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lexis, 2011",
          "ref": "Lexis MA, Jansen NW, Huibers MJ, Amelsvoort LG, Berkouwer A, Tjin ATG, et al. Prevention of long-term sickness absence and major depression in high-risk employees: A randomised controlled trial. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2011;68(6):400-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Naeem, 2013",
          "ref": "Naeem F, Sarhandi I, Gul M, Khalid M, Aslam M, Anbrin A. A multicentre randomised controlled trial of a carer supervised culturally adapted cbt (cacbt) based self-help for depression in pakistan. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;156:224-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Naeem, 2015",
          "ref": "Naeem F, Gul M, Irfan M, Munshi T, Asif A, Rashid S, et al. Brief Culturally adapted CBT (CaCBT) for depression: A randomized controlled trial from Pakistan. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2015;177:101-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nobis, 2015",
          "ref": "Nobis S, Lehr D, Ebert DD, Baumeister H, Snoek F, Riper H, et al. Efficacy of a web-based intervention with mobile phone support in treating depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(5):776-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Norlund, 2018",
          "ref": "Norlund F, Wallin E, Olsson MGE, Wallert J, Burell G, Von Essen L, et al. Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for symptoms of depression and anxiety among patients with a recent myocardial infarction: the U-CARE Heart randomized trial. European journal of preventive cardiology. 2018;25(2):S63‐S4."
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        {
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          "ref": "Savard J, Simard S, Giguere I, Ivers H, Morin CM, Maunsell E, et al. Randomized clinical trial on cognitive therapy for depression in women with metastatic breast cancer: Psychological and immunological effects. Palliative and Supportive Care. 2006;4(3):219-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scheidt, 2013",
          "ref": "Scheidt CE, Waller E, Endorf K, Schmidt S, Kˆnig R, Zeeck A, et al. Is brief psychodynamic psychotherapy in primary fibromyalgia syndrome with concurrent depression an effective treatment? A randomized controlled trial. General hospital psychiatry [Internet]. 2013; 35(2):[160-7 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/075/CN-00878075/frame.html"
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        {
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          "ref": "Simson U, Nawarotzky U, Friese G, Porck W, Schottenfeld-Naor Y, Hahn S, et al. Psychotherapy intervention to reduce depressive symptoms in patients with diabetic foot syndrome. Diabetic Medicine. 2008;25(2):206-12."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
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          "ref": "Szumska I, Gola M, Rusanowska M, et al. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy reduces clinical symptoms, but do not change frontal alpha asymmetry in people with major depression disorder. International Journal of Neuroscience. 2020."
        },
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          "ref": "Trimmer C, Tyo R, Pikard J, McKenna C, Naeem F. Low-Intensity Cognitive Behavioural Therapy-Based Music Group (CBT-Music) for the Treatment of Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression: A Feasibility Study. Behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy. 2018;46(2):168-81."
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          "ref": "van Beek MHCT, Voshaar RCO, Beek AM, van Zijderveld GA, Visser S, Speckens AEM, et al. A brief cognitive‐behavioral intervention for treating depression and panic disorder in patients with noncardiac chest pain: A 24‐week randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety. 2013;30(7):670-8."
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        {
          "study": "Belay, 2022",
          "ref": "Belay, W., Kaba, M., Labisso, W. L., Tigeneh, W., Sahile, Z., Zergaw, A., . . . Haileselassie, W. (2022). The effect of interpersonal psychotherapy on quality of life among breast cancer patients with common mental health disorder: a randomized control trial at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. Support Care Cancer, 30(1), 965-972. doi:10.1007/s00520-021-06508-y"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Desautels, C., Savard, J., Ivers, H., Savard, M. H., & Caplette-Gingras, A. (2018). Treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive therapy and bright light therapy [Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial]. Health Psychology, 37(1), 1‐13. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000539"
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          "ref": "Fernández-Rodríguez, C., González-Fernández, S., Coto-Lesmes, R., & Pedrosa, I. (2021). Behavioral Activation and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in the Treatment of Anxiety and Depression in Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Behavior Modification, 45(5), 822-859. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445520916441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2023",
          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
        },
        {
          "study": "Garnefski, 2011",
          "ref": "Garnefski N, Kraaij V, Schroevers M. Effects of a cognitive behavioral self-help program on depressed mood for people with acquired chronic physical impairments: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Patient education and counseling. 2011;85(2):304-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Haringsma, 2006",
          "ref": "Haringsma R, Engels G, Cuijpers P, Spinhoven P. Effectiveness of the Coping With Depression (CWD) course for older adults provided by the community-based mental health care system in the Netherlands: A randomized controlled field trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2006;18(02):307-25."
        },
        {
          "study": "Herrmann-Lingen, 2016",
          "ref": "Herrmann-Lingen C, Beutel ME, Bosbach A, Deter HC, Fritzsche K, Hellmich M, et al. A stepwise psychotherapy intervention for reducing risk in coronary artery disease (SPIRR-CAD): Results of an observer-blinded, multicenter, randomized trial in depressed patients with coronary artery disease. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2016;78(6):704-15."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoifodt, 2013",
          "ref": "Hoifodt RS, Lillevoll KR, Griffiths KM, et al. The clinical effectiveness of web-based cognitive behavioral therapy with face-to-face therapist support for depressed primary care patients: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research 2013; 15(8): e153."
        },
        {
          "study": "Holdgaard, 2023",
          "ref": "Holdgaard, A., Eckhardt-Hansen, C., Lassen, C. F., Kjesbu, I. E., Dall, C. H., Michaelsen, K. L., . . . Rasmusen, H. K. (2023). Cognitive-behavioural therapy reduces psychological distress in younger patients with cardiac disease: a randomized trial. Eur Heart J, 44(11), 986-996. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac792"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hummel, 2017",
          "ref": "Hummel, J., Weisbrod, C., Boesch, L., Himpler, K., Hauer, K., Hautzinger, M., . . . Kopf, D. (2017). AIDE–Acute Illness and Depression in Elderly Patients. Cognitive Behavioral Group Psychotherapy in Geriatric Patients With Comorbid Depression: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Journal of the american medical directors association, 18(4), 341-349."
        },
        {
          "study": "Irgens, 2012",
          "ref": "Irgens, A., Dammen, T., Nysæter, T. E., & Hoffart, A. (2012). Thought field therapy (TFT) as a treatment for anxiety symptoms: A randomized controlled trial. Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing, 8(6), 331-338. doi:10.1016/j.explore.2012.08.003"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Johansson, O., Bjärehed, J., Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., & Lundh, L. G. (2019). Effectiveness of guided internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for depression in routine psychiatry: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 17. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2019.100247"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2018",
          "ref": "Kim YH, Choi KS, Han K, Kim HW. A psychological intervention programme for patients with breast cancer under chemotherapy and at a high risk of depression: a randomised clinical trial. Journal of clinical nursing 2018; 27(3‐4): 572‐81."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2013",
          "ref": "Leung SS, Lee AM, Chiang VC, Lam SK, Kuen YW, Wong DF. Culturally sensitive, preventive antenatal group cognitive-behavioural therapy for Chinese women with depression. Internationan Journal of Nursing Practice. 2013;19(Supp 1):28-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2016",
          "ref": "Leung S, Lee A, Wong D, Wong C, Leung K, Chiang V, et al. A brief group intervention using a cognitive-behavioural approach to reduce postnatal depressive symptoms: A randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Medical Journal. 2016;22(1 Supplement 2)."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Lexis MA, Jansen NW, Huibers MJ, Amelsvoort LG, Berkouwer A, Tjin ATG, et al. Prevention of long-term sickness absence and major depression in high-risk employees: A randomised controlled trial. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2011;68(6):400-7."
        },
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          "ref": "Naeem F, Sarhandi I, Gul M, Khalid M, Aslam M, Anbrin A. A multicentre randomised controlled trial of a carer supervised culturally adapted cbt (cacbt) based self-help for depression in pakistan. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;156:224-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Naeem, 2015",
          "ref": "Naeem F, Gul M, Irfan M, Munshi T, Asif A, Rashid S, et al. Brief Culturally adapted CBT (CaCBT) for depression: A randomized controlled trial from Pakistan. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2015;177:101-7."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Nobis S, Lehr D, Ebert DD, Baumeister H, Snoek F, Riper H, et al. Efficacy of a web-based intervention with mobile phone support in treating depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(5):776-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Norlund, 2018",
          "ref": "Norlund F, Wallin E, Olsson MGE, Wallert J, Burell G, Von Essen L, et al. Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for symptoms of depression and anxiety among patients with a recent myocardial infarction: the U-CARE Heart randomized trial. European journal of preventive cardiology. 2018;25(2):S63‐S4."
        },
        {
          "study": "Savard, 2006",
          "ref": "Savard J, Simard S, Giguere I, Ivers H, Morin CM, Maunsell E, et al. Randomized clinical trial on cognitive therapy for depression in women with metastatic breast cancer: Psychological and immunological effects. Palliative and Supportive Care. 2006;4(3):219-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scheidt, 2013",
          "ref": "Scheidt CE, Waller E, Endorf K, Schmidt S, Kˆnig R, Zeeck A, et al. Is brief psychodynamic psychotherapy in primary fibromyalgia syndrome with concurrent depression an effective treatment? A randomized controlled trial. General hospital psychiatry [Internet]. 2013; 35(2):[160-7 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/075/CN-00878075/frame.html"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Simson U, Nawarotzky U, Friese G, Porck W, Schottenfeld-Naor Y, Hahn S, et al. Psychotherapy intervention to reduce depressive symptoms in patients with diabetic foot syndrome. Diabetic Medicine. 2008;25(2):206-12."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Szumska I, Gola M, Rusanowska M, et al. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy reduces clinical symptoms, but do not change frontal alpha asymmetry in people with major depression disorder. International Journal of Neuroscience. 2020."
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          "ref": "Trimmer C, Tyo R, Pikard J, McKenna C, Naeem F. Low-Intensity Cognitive Behavioural Therapy-Based Music Group (CBT-Music) for the Treatment of Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression: A Feasibility Study. Behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy. 2018;46(2):168-81."
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        },
        {
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          "ref": "Desautels, C., Savard, J., Ivers, H., Savard, M. H., & Caplette-Gingras, A. (2018). Treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive therapy and bright light therapy [Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial]. Health Psychology, 37(1), 1‐13. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000539"
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          "ref": "Fernández-Rodríguez, C., González-Fernández, S., Coto-Lesmes, R., & Pedrosa, I. (2021). Behavioral Activation and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in the Treatment of Anxiety and Depression in Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Behavior Modification, 45(5), 822-859. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445520916441"
        },
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          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2023",
          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
        },
        {
          "study": "Garnefski, 2011",
          "ref": "Garnefski N, Kraaij V, Schroevers M. Effects of a cognitive behavioral self-help program on depressed mood for people with acquired chronic physical impairments: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Patient education and counseling. 2011;85(2):304-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Haringsma, 2006",
          "ref": "Haringsma R, Engels G, Cuijpers P, Spinhoven P. Effectiveness of the Coping With Depression (CWD) course for older adults provided by the community-based mental health care system in the Netherlands: A randomized controlled field trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2006;18(02):307-25."
        },
        {
          "study": "Herrmann-Lingen, 2016",
          "ref": "Herrmann-Lingen C, Beutel ME, Bosbach A, Deter HC, Fritzsche K, Hellmich M, et al. A stepwise psychotherapy intervention for reducing risk in coronary artery disease (SPIRR-CAD): Results of an observer-blinded, multicenter, randomized trial in depressed patients with coronary artery disease. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2016;78(6):704-15."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoifodt, 2013",
          "ref": "Hoifodt RS, Lillevoll KR, Griffiths KM, et al. The clinical effectiveness of web-based cognitive behavioral therapy with face-to-face therapist support for depressed primary care patients: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research 2013; 15(8): e153."
        },
        {
          "study": "Holdgaard, 2023",
          "ref": "Holdgaard, A., Eckhardt-Hansen, C., Lassen, C. F., Kjesbu, I. E., Dall, C. H., Michaelsen, K. L., . . . Rasmusen, H. K. (2023). Cognitive-behavioural therapy reduces psychological distress in younger patients with cardiac disease: a randomized trial. Eur Heart J, 44(11), 986-996. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac792"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hummel, 2017",
          "ref": "Hummel, J., Weisbrod, C., Boesch, L., Himpler, K., Hauer, K., Hautzinger, M., . . . Kopf, D. (2017). AIDE–Acute Illness and Depression in Elderly Patients. Cognitive Behavioral Group Psychotherapy in Geriatric Patients With Comorbid Depression: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Journal of the american medical directors association, 18(4), 341-349."
        },
        {
          "study": "Irgens, 2012",
          "ref": "Irgens, A., Dammen, T., Nysæter, T. E., & Hoffart, A. (2012). Thought field therapy (TFT) as a treatment for anxiety symptoms: A randomized controlled trial. Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing, 8(6), 331-338. doi:10.1016/j.explore.2012.08.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2019a",
          "ref": "Johansson, O., Bjärehed, J., Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., & Lundh, L. G. (2019). Effectiveness of guided internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for depression in routine psychiatry: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 17. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2019.100247"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2018",
          "ref": "Kim YH, Choi KS, Han K, Kim HW. A psychological intervention programme for patients with breast cancer under chemotherapy and at a high risk of depression: a randomised clinical trial. Journal of clinical nursing 2018; 27(3‐4): 572‐81."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2013",
          "ref": "Leung SS, Lee AM, Chiang VC, Lam SK, Kuen YW, Wong DF. Culturally sensitive, preventive antenatal group cognitive-behavioural therapy for Chinese women with depression. Internationan Journal of Nursing Practice. 2013;19(Supp 1):28-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2016",
          "ref": "Leung S, Lee A, Wong D, Wong C, Leung K, Chiang V, et al. A brief group intervention using a cognitive-behavioural approach to reduce postnatal depressive symptoms: A randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Medical Journal. 2016;22(1 Supplement 2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lexis, 2011",
          "ref": "Lexis MA, Jansen NW, Huibers MJ, Amelsvoort LG, Berkouwer A, Tjin ATG, et al. Prevention of long-term sickness absence and major depression in high-risk employees: A randomised controlled trial. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2011;68(6):400-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Naeem, 2013",
          "ref": "Naeem F, Sarhandi I, Gul M, Khalid M, Aslam M, Anbrin A. A multicentre randomised controlled trial of a carer supervised culturally adapted cbt (cacbt) based self-help for depression in pakistan. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;156:224-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Naeem, 2015",
          "ref": "Naeem F, Gul M, Irfan M, Munshi T, Asif A, Rashid S, et al. Brief Culturally adapted CBT (CaCBT) for depression: A randomized controlled trial from Pakistan. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2015;177:101-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nobis, 2015",
          "ref": "Nobis S, Lehr D, Ebert DD, Baumeister H, Snoek F, Riper H, et al. Efficacy of a web-based intervention with mobile phone support in treating depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(5):776-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Norlund, 2018",
          "ref": "Norlund F, Wallin E, Olsson MGE, Wallert J, Burell G, Von Essen L, et al. Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for symptoms of depression and anxiety among patients with a recent myocardial infarction: the U-CARE Heart randomized trial. European journal of preventive cardiology. 2018;25(2):S63‐S4."
        },
        {
          "study": "Savard, 2006",
          "ref": "Savard J, Simard S, Giguere I, Ivers H, Morin CM, Maunsell E, et al. Randomized clinical trial on cognitive therapy for depression in women with metastatic breast cancer: Psychological and immunological effects. Palliative and Supportive Care. 2006;4(3):219-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scheidt, 2013",
          "ref": "Scheidt CE, Waller E, Endorf K, Schmidt S, Kˆnig R, Zeeck A, et al. Is brief psychodynamic psychotherapy in primary fibromyalgia syndrome with concurrent depression an effective treatment? A randomized controlled trial. General hospital psychiatry [Internet]. 2013; 35(2):[160-7 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/075/CN-00878075/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simson, 2008",
          "ref": "Simson U, Nawarotzky U, Friese G, Porck W, Schottenfeld-Naor Y, Hahn S, et al. Psychotherapy intervention to reduce depressive symptoms in patients with diabetic foot syndrome. Diabetic Medicine. 2008;25(2):206-12."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Szumska, 2020",
          "ref": "Szumska I, Gola M, Rusanowska M, et al. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy reduces clinical symptoms, but do not change frontal alpha asymmetry in people with major depression disorder. International Journal of Neuroscience. 2020."
        },
        {
          "study": "Trimmer, 2018",
          "ref": "Trimmer C, Tyo R, Pikard J, McKenna C, Naeem F. Low-Intensity Cognitive Behavioural Therapy-Based Music Group (CBT-Music) for the Treatment of Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression: A Feasibility Study. Behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy. 2018;46(2):168-81."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek, 2013",
          "ref": "van Beek MHCT, Voshaar RCO, Beek AM, van Zijderveld GA, Visser S, Speckens AEM, et al. A brief cognitive‐behavioral intervention for treating depression and panic disorder in patients with noncardiac chest pain: A 24‐week randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety. 2013;30(7):670-8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2018",
          "ref": "Williams C, McClay CA, Matthews L, et al. Community-based group guided self-help intervention for low mood and stress: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry 2018; 212(2): 88-95."
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          "ref": "Belay, W., Kaba, M., Labisso, W. L., Tigeneh, W., Sahile, Z., Zergaw, A., . . . Haileselassie, W. (2022). The effect of interpersonal psychotherapy on quality of life among breast cancer patients with common mental health disorder: a randomized control trial at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. Support Care Cancer, 30(1), 965-972. doi:10.1007/s00520-021-06508-y"
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        {
          "study": "Desautels, 2018",
          "ref": "Desautels, C., Savard, J., Ivers, H., Savard, M. H., & Caplette-Gingras, A. (2018). Treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive therapy and bright light therapy [Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial]. Health Psychology, 37(1), 1‐13. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000539"
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          "ref": "Fernández-Rodríguez, C., González-Fernández, S., Coto-Lesmes, R., & Pedrosa, I. (2021). Behavioral Activation and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in the Treatment of Anxiety and Depression in Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Behavior Modification, 45(5), 822-859. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445520916441"
        },
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          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
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          "ref": "Garnefski N, Kraaij V, Schroevers M. Effects of a cognitive behavioral self-help program on depressed mood for people with acquired chronic physical impairments: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Patient education and counseling. 2011;85(2):304-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Haringsma, 2006",
          "ref": "Haringsma R, Engels G, Cuijpers P, Spinhoven P. Effectiveness of the Coping With Depression (CWD) course for older adults provided by the community-based mental health care system in the Netherlands: A randomized controlled field trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2006;18(02):307-25."
        },
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          "study": "Herrmann-Lingen, 2016",
          "ref": "Herrmann-Lingen C, Beutel ME, Bosbach A, Deter HC, Fritzsche K, Hellmich M, et al. A stepwise psychotherapy intervention for reducing risk in coronary artery disease (SPIRR-CAD): Results of an observer-blinded, multicenter, randomized trial in depressed patients with coronary artery disease. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2016;78(6):704-15."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Hoifodt RS, Lillevoll KR, Griffiths KM, et al. The clinical effectiveness of web-based cognitive behavioral therapy with face-to-face therapist support for depressed primary care patients: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research 2013; 15(8): e153."
        },
        {
          "study": "Holdgaard, 2023",
          "ref": "Holdgaard, A., Eckhardt-Hansen, C., Lassen, C. F., Kjesbu, I. E., Dall, C. H., Michaelsen, K. L., . . . Rasmusen, H. K. (2023). Cognitive-behavioural therapy reduces psychological distress in younger patients with cardiac disease: a randomized trial. Eur Heart J, 44(11), 986-996. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac792"
        },
        {
          "study": "Irgens, 2012",
          "ref": "Irgens, A., Dammen, T., Nysæter, T. E., & Hoffart, A. (2012). Thought field therapy (TFT) as a treatment for anxiety symptoms: A randomized controlled trial. Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing, 8(6), 331-338. doi:10.1016/j.explore.2012.08.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2019a",
          "ref": "Johansson, O., Bjärehed, J., Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., & Lundh, L. G. (2019). Effectiveness of guided internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for depression in routine psychiatry: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 17. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2019.100247"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2018",
          "ref": "Kim YH, Choi KS, Han K, Kim HW. A psychological intervention programme for patients with breast cancer under chemotherapy and at a high risk of depression: a randomised clinical trial. Journal of clinical nursing 2018; 27(3‐4): 572‐81."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2013",
          "ref": "Leung SS, Lee AM, Chiang VC, Lam SK, Kuen YW, Wong DF. Culturally sensitive, preventive antenatal group cognitive-behavioural therapy for Chinese women with depression. Internationan Journal of Nursing Practice. 2013;19(Supp 1):28-37."
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          "ref": "Lexis MA, Jansen NW, Huibers MJ, Amelsvoort LG, Berkouwer A, Tjin ATG, et al. Prevention of long-term sickness absence and major depression in high-risk employees: A randomised controlled trial. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2011;68(6):400-7."
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        {
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          "ref": "Naeem F, Sarhandi I, Gul M, Khalid M, Aslam M, Anbrin A. A multicentre randomised controlled trial of a carer supervised culturally adapted cbt (cacbt) based self-help for depression in pakistan. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;156:224-7."
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          "ref": "Naeem F, Gul M, Irfan M, Munshi T, Asif A, Rashid S, et al. Brief Culturally adapted CBT (CaCBT) for depression: A randomized controlled trial from Pakistan. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2015;177:101-7."
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          "ref": "Nobis S, Lehr D, Ebert DD, Baumeister H, Snoek F, Riper H, et al. Efficacy of a web-based intervention with mobile phone support in treating depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(5):776-83."
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        {
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          "ref": "Norlund F, Wallin E, Olsson MGE, Wallert J, Burell G, Von Essen L, et al. Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for symptoms of depression and anxiety among patients with a recent myocardial infarction: the U-CARE Heart randomized trial. European journal of preventive cardiology. 2018;25(2):S63‐S4."
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        {
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          "ref": "Savard J, Simard S, Giguere I, Ivers H, Morin CM, Maunsell E, et al. Randomized clinical trial on cognitive therapy for depression in women with metastatic breast cancer: Psychological and immunological effects. Palliative and Supportive Care. 2006;4(3):219-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simson, 2008",
          "ref": "Simson U, Nawarotzky U, Friese G, Porck W, Schottenfeld-Naor Y, Hahn S, et al. Psychotherapy intervention to reduce depressive symptoms in patients with diabetic foot syndrome. Diabetic Medicine. 2008;25(2):206-12."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
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          "ref": "Szumska I, Gola M, Rusanowska M, et al. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy reduces clinical symptoms, but do not change frontal alpha asymmetry in people with major depression disorder. International Journal of Neuroscience. 2020."
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          "ref": "Trimmer C, Tyo R, Pikard J, McKenna C, Naeem F. Low-Intensity Cognitive Behavioural Therapy-Based Music Group (CBT-Music) for the Treatment of Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression: A Feasibility Study. Behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy. 2018;46(2):168-81."
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          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Garnefski N, Kraaij V, Schroevers M. Effects of a cognitive behavioral self-help program on depressed mood for people with acquired chronic physical impairments: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Patient education and counseling. 2011;85(2):304-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Haringsma, 2006",
          "ref": "Haringsma R, Engels G, Cuijpers P, Spinhoven P. Effectiveness of the Coping With Depression (CWD) course for older adults provided by the community-based mental health care system in the Netherlands: A randomized controlled field trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2006;18(02):307-25."
        },
        {
          "study": "Herrmann-Lingen, 2016",
          "ref": "Herrmann-Lingen C, Beutel ME, Bosbach A, Deter HC, Fritzsche K, Hellmich M, et al. A stepwise psychotherapy intervention for reducing risk in coronary artery disease (SPIRR-CAD): Results of an observer-blinded, multicenter, randomized trial in depressed patients with coronary artery disease. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2016;78(6):704-15."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoifodt, 2013",
          "ref": "Hoifodt RS, Lillevoll KR, Griffiths KM, et al. The clinical effectiveness of web-based cognitive behavioral therapy with face-to-face therapist support for depressed primary care patients: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research 2013; 15(8): e153."
        },
        {
          "study": "Holdgaard, 2023",
          "ref": "Holdgaard, A., Eckhardt-Hansen, C., Lassen, C. F., Kjesbu, I. E., Dall, C. H., Michaelsen, K. L., . . . Rasmusen, H. K. (2023). Cognitive-behavioural therapy reduces psychological distress in younger patients with cardiac disease: a randomized trial. Eur Heart J, 44(11), 986-996. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac792"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hummel, 2017",
          "ref": "Hummel, J., Weisbrod, C., Boesch, L., Himpler, K., Hauer, K., Hautzinger, M., . . . Kopf, D. (2017). AIDE–Acute Illness and Depression in Elderly Patients. Cognitive Behavioral Group Psychotherapy in Geriatric Patients With Comorbid Depression: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Journal of the american medical directors association, 18(4), 341-349."
        },
        {
          "study": "Irgens, 2012",
          "ref": "Irgens, A., Dammen, T., Nysæter, T. E., & Hoffart, A. (2012). Thought field therapy (TFT) as a treatment for anxiety symptoms: A randomized controlled trial. Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing, 8(6), 331-338. doi:10.1016/j.explore.2012.08.003"
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          "ref": "Johansson, O., Bjärehed, J., Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., & Lundh, L. G. (2019). Effectiveness of guided internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for depression in routine psychiatry: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 17. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2019.100247"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2018",
          "ref": "Kim YH, Choi KS, Han K, Kim HW. A psychological intervention programme for patients with breast cancer under chemotherapy and at a high risk of depression: a randomised clinical trial. Journal of clinical nursing 2018; 27(3‐4): 572‐81."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2013",
          "ref": "Leung SS, Lee AM, Chiang VC, Lam SK, Kuen YW, Wong DF. Culturally sensitive, preventive antenatal group cognitive-behavioural therapy for Chinese women with depression. Internationan Journal of Nursing Practice. 2013;19(Supp 1):28-37."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Leung S, Lee A, Wong D, Wong C, Leung K, Chiang V, et al. A brief group intervention using a cognitive-behavioural approach to reduce postnatal depressive symptoms: A randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Medical Journal. 2016;22(1 Supplement 2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lexis, 2011",
          "ref": "Lexis MA, Jansen NW, Huibers MJ, Amelsvoort LG, Berkouwer A, Tjin ATG, et al. Prevention of long-term sickness absence and major depression in high-risk employees: A randomised controlled trial. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2011;68(6):400-7."
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        {
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          "ref": "Naeem F, Sarhandi I, Gul M, Khalid M, Aslam M, Anbrin A. A multicentre randomised controlled trial of a carer supervised culturally adapted cbt (cacbt) based self-help for depression in pakistan. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;156:224-7."
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          "ref": "Naeem F, Gul M, Irfan M, Munshi T, Asif A, Rashid S, et al. Brief Culturally adapted CBT (CaCBT) for depression: A randomized controlled trial from Pakistan. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2015;177:101-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nobis, 2015",
          "ref": "Nobis S, Lehr D, Ebert DD, Baumeister H, Snoek F, Riper H, et al. Efficacy of a web-based intervention with mobile phone support in treating depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(5):776-83."
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        {
          "study": "Norlund, 2018",
          "ref": "Norlund F, Wallin E, Olsson MGE, Wallert J, Burell G, Von Essen L, et al. Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for symptoms of depression and anxiety among patients with a recent myocardial infarction: the U-CARE Heart randomized trial. European journal of preventive cardiology. 2018;25(2):S63‐S4."
        },
        {
          "study": "Savard, 2006",
          "ref": "Savard J, Simard S, Giguere I, Ivers H, Morin CM, Maunsell E, et al. Randomized clinical trial on cognitive therapy for depression in women with metastatic breast cancer: Psychological and immunological effects. Palliative and Supportive Care. 2006;4(3):219-37."
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          "ref": "Simson U, Nawarotzky U, Friese G, Porck W, Schottenfeld-Naor Y, Hahn S, et al. Psychotherapy intervention to reduce depressive symptoms in patients with diabetic foot syndrome. Diabetic Medicine. 2008;25(2):206-12."
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        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Szumska I, Gola M, Rusanowska M, et al. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy reduces clinical symptoms, but do not change frontal alpha asymmetry in people with major depression disorder. International Journal of Neuroscience. 2020."
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        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2018",
          "ref": "Williams C, McClay CA, Matthews L, et al. Community-based group guided self-help intervention for low mood and stress: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry 2018; 212(2): 88-95."
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          "study": "Belay, 2022",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2021",
          "ref": "Fernández-Rodríguez, C., González-Fernández, S., Coto-Lesmes, R., & Pedrosa, I. (2021). Behavioral Activation and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in the Treatment of Anxiety and Depression in Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Behavior Modification, 45(5), 822-859. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445520916441"
        },
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          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2023",
          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
        },
        {
          "study": "Garnefski, 2011",
          "ref": "Garnefski N, Kraaij V, Schroevers M. Effects of a cognitive behavioral self-help program on depressed mood for people with acquired chronic physical impairments: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Patient education and counseling. 2011;85(2):304-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoifodt, 2013",
          "ref": "Hoifodt RS, Lillevoll KR, Griffiths KM, et al. The clinical effectiveness of web-based cognitive behavioral therapy with face-to-face therapist support for depressed primary care patients: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research 2013; 15(8): e153."
        },
        {
          "study": "Holdgaard, 2023",
          "ref": "Holdgaard, A., Eckhardt-Hansen, C., Lassen, C. F., Kjesbu, I. E., Dall, C. H., Michaelsen, K. L., . . . Rasmusen, H. K. (2023). Cognitive-behavioural therapy reduces psychological distress in younger patients with cardiac disease: a randomized trial. Eur Heart J, 44(11), 986-996. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac792"
        },
        {
          "study": "Irgens, 2012",
          "ref": "Irgens, A., Dammen, T., Nysæter, T. E., & Hoffart, A. (2012). Thought field therapy (TFT) as a treatment for anxiety symptoms: A randomized controlled trial. Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing, 8(6), 331-338. doi:10.1016/j.explore.2012.08.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2019a",
          "ref": "Johansson, O., Bjärehed, J., Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., & Lundh, L. G. (2019). Effectiveness of guided internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for depression in routine psychiatry: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 17. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2019.100247"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2018",
          "ref": "Kim YH, Choi KS, Han K, Kim HW. A psychological intervention programme for patients with breast cancer under chemotherapy and at a high risk of depression: a randomised clinical trial. Journal of clinical nursing 2018; 27(3‐4): 572‐81."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2013",
          "ref": "Leung SS, Lee AM, Chiang VC, Lam SK, Kuen YW, Wong DF. Culturally sensitive, preventive antenatal group cognitive-behavioural therapy for Chinese women with depression. Internationan Journal of Nursing Practice. 2013;19(Supp 1):28-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2016",
          "ref": "Leung S, Lee A, Wong D, Wong C, Leung K, Chiang V, et al. A brief group intervention using a cognitive-behavioural approach to reduce postnatal depressive symptoms: A randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Medical Journal. 2016;22(1 Supplement 2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lexis, 2011",
          "ref": "Lexis MA, Jansen NW, Huibers MJ, Amelsvoort LG, Berkouwer A, Tjin ATG, et al. Prevention of long-term sickness absence and major depression in high-risk employees: A randomised controlled trial. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2011;68(6):400-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Naeem, 2013",
          "ref": "Naeem F, Sarhandi I, Gul M, Khalid M, Aslam M, Anbrin A. A multicentre randomised controlled trial of a carer supervised culturally adapted cbt (cacbt) based self-help for depression in pakistan. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;156:224-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Naeem, 2015",
          "ref": "Naeem F, Gul M, Irfan M, Munshi T, Asif A, Rashid S, et al. Brief Culturally adapted CBT (CaCBT) for depression: A randomized controlled trial from Pakistan. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2015;177:101-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nobis, 2015",
          "ref": "Nobis S, Lehr D, Ebert DD, Baumeister H, Snoek F, Riper H, et al. Efficacy of a web-based intervention with mobile phone support in treating depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(5):776-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Norlund, 2018",
          "ref": "Norlund F, Wallin E, Olsson MGE, Wallert J, Burell G, Von Essen L, et al. Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for symptoms of depression and anxiety among patients with a recent myocardial infarction: the U-CARE Heart randomized trial. European journal of preventive cardiology. 2018;25(2):S63‐S4."
        },
        {
          "study": "Savard, 2006",
          "ref": "Savard J, Simard S, Giguere I, Ivers H, Morin CM, Maunsell E, et al. Randomized clinical trial on cognitive therapy for depression in women with metastatic breast cancer: Psychological and immunological effects. Palliative and Supportive Care. 2006;4(3):219-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scheidt, 2013",
          "ref": "Scheidt CE, Waller E, Endorf K, Schmidt S, Kˆnig R, Zeeck A, et al. Is brief psychodynamic psychotherapy in primary fibromyalgia syndrome with concurrent depression an effective treatment? A randomized controlled trial. General hospital psychiatry [Internet]. 2013; 35(2):[160-7 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/075/CN-00878075/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Szumska, 2020",
          "ref": "Szumska I, Gola M, Rusanowska M, et al. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy reduces clinical symptoms, but do not change frontal alpha asymmetry in people with major depression disorder. International Journal of Neuroscience. 2020."
        },
        {
          "study": "Trimmer, 2018",
          "ref": "Trimmer C, Tyo R, Pikard J, McKenna C, Naeem F. Low-Intensity Cognitive Behavioural Therapy-Based Music Group (CBT-Music) for the Treatment of Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression: A Feasibility Study. Behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy. 2018;46(2):168-81."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek, 2013",
          "ref": "van Beek MHCT, Voshaar RCO, Beek AM, van Zijderveld GA, Visser S, Speckens AEM, et al. A brief cognitive‐behavioral intervention for treating depression and panic disorder in patients with noncardiac chest pain: A 24‐week randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety. 2013;30(7):670-8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2018",
          "ref": "Williams C, McClay CA, Matthews L, et al. Community-based group guided self-help intervention for low mood and stress: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry 2018; 212(2): 88-95."
        }
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          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
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          "ref": "Scheidt CE, Waller E, Endorf K, Schmidt S, Kˆnig R, Zeeck A, et al. Is brief psychodynamic psychotherapy in primary fibromyalgia syndrome with concurrent depression an effective treatment? A randomized controlled trial. General hospital psychiatry [Internet]. 2013; 35(2):[160-7 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/075/CN-00878075/frame.html"
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        },
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          "ref": "Scheidt CE, Waller E, Endorf K, Schmidt S, Kˆnig R, Zeeck A, et al. Is brief psychodynamic psychotherapy in primary fibromyalgia syndrome with concurrent depression an effective treatment? A randomized controlled trial. General hospital psychiatry [Internet]. 2013; 35(2):[160-7 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/075/CN-00878075/frame.html"
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          "ref": "Hummel, J., Weisbrod, C., Boesch, L., Himpler, K., Hauer, K., Hautzinger, M., . . . Kopf, D. (2017). AIDE–Acute Illness and Depression in Elderly Patients. Cognitive Behavioral Group Psychotherapy in Geriatric Patients With Comorbid Depression: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Journal of the american medical directors association, 18(4), 341-349."
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          "ref": "Holdgaard, A., Eckhardt-Hansen, C., Lassen, C. F., Kjesbu, I. E., Dall, C. H., Michaelsen, K. L., . . . Rasmusen, H. K. (2023). Cognitive-behavioural therapy reduces psychological distress in younger patients with cardiac disease: a randomized trial. Eur Heart J, 44(11), 986-996. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac792"
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          "ref": "Trimmer C, Tyo R, Pikard J, McKenna C, Naeem F. Low-Intensity Cognitive Behavioural Therapy-Based Music Group (CBT-Music) for the Treatment of Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression: A Feasibility Study. Behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy. 2018;46(2):168-81."
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          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
        },
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          "ref": "Garnefski N, Kraaij V, Schroevers M. Effects of a cognitive behavioral self-help program on depressed mood for people with acquired chronic physical impairments: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Patient education and counseling. 2011;85(2):304-7."
        },
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          "ref": "Haringsma R, Engels G, Cuijpers P, Spinhoven P. Effectiveness of the Coping With Depression (CWD) course for older adults provided by the community-based mental health care system in the Netherlands: A randomized controlled field trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2006;18(02):307-25."
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          "ref": "Irgens, A., Dammen, T., Nysæter, T. E., & Hoffart, A. (2012). Thought field therapy (TFT) as a treatment for anxiety symptoms: A randomized controlled trial. Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing, 8(6), 331-338. doi:10.1016/j.explore.2012.08.003"
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          "ref": "Kim YH, Choi KS, Han K, Kim HW. A psychological intervention programme for patients with breast cancer under chemotherapy and at a high risk of depression: a randomised clinical trial. Journal of clinical nursing 2018; 27(3‐4): 572‐81."
        },
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          "study": "Leung, 2013",
          "ref": "Leung SS, Lee AM, Chiang VC, Lam SK, Kuen YW, Wong DF. Culturally sensitive, preventive antenatal group cognitive-behavioural therapy for Chinese women with depression. Internationan Journal of Nursing Practice. 2013;19(Supp 1):28-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2016",
          "ref": "Leung S, Lee A, Wong D, Wong C, Leung K, Chiang V, et al. A brief group intervention using a cognitive-behavioural approach to reduce postnatal depressive symptoms: A randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Medical Journal. 2016;22(1 Supplement 2)."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Lexis MA, Jansen NW, Huibers MJ, Amelsvoort LG, Berkouwer A, Tjin ATG, et al. Prevention of long-term sickness absence and major depression in high-risk employees: A randomised controlled trial. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2011;68(6):400-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Naeem, 2013",
          "ref": "Naeem F, Sarhandi I, Gul M, Khalid M, Aslam M, Anbrin A. A multicentre randomised controlled trial of a carer supervised culturally adapted cbt (cacbt) based self-help for depression in pakistan. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;156:224-7."
        },
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          "study": "Naeem, 2015",
          "ref": "Naeem F, Gul M, Irfan M, Munshi T, Asif A, Rashid S, et al. Brief Culturally adapted CBT (CaCBT) for depression: A randomized controlled trial from Pakistan. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2015;177:101-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nobis, 2015",
          "ref": "Nobis S, Lehr D, Ebert DD, Baumeister H, Snoek F, Riper H, et al. Efficacy of a web-based intervention with mobile phone support in treating depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(5):776-83."
        },
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          "ref": "Holdgaard, A., Eckhardt-Hansen, C., Lassen, C. F., Kjesbu, I. E., Dall, C. H., Michaelsen, K. L., . . . Rasmusen, H. K. (2023). Cognitive-behavioural therapy reduces psychological distress in younger patients with cardiac disease: a randomized trial. Eur Heart J, 44(11), 986-996. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac792"
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        {
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          "ref": "Naeem F, Sarhandi I, Gul M, Khalid M, Aslam M, Anbrin A. A multicentre randomised controlled trial of a carer supervised culturally adapted cbt (cacbt) based self-help for depression in pakistan. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;156:224-7."
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          "ref": "Nobis S, Lehr D, Ebert DD, Baumeister H, Snoek F, Riper H, et al. Efficacy of a web-based intervention with mobile phone support in treating depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(5):776-83."
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          "ref": "Kim YH, Choi KS, Han K, Kim HW. A psychological intervention programme for patients with breast cancer under chemotherapy and at a high risk of depression: a randomised clinical trial. Journal of clinical nursing 2018; 27(3‐4): 572‐81."
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          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
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          "ref": "Garnefski N, Kraaij V, Schroevers M. Effects of a cognitive behavioral self-help program on depressed mood for people with acquired chronic physical impairments: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Patient education and counseling. 2011;85(2):304-7."
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          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
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          "ref": "Haringsma R, Engels G, Cuijpers P, Spinhoven P. Effectiveness of the Coping With Depression (CWD) course for older adults provided by the community-based mental health care system in the Netherlands: A randomized controlled field trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2006;18(02):307-25."
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          "ref": "Holdgaard, A., Eckhardt-Hansen, C., Lassen, C. F., Kjesbu, I. E., Dall, C. H., Michaelsen, K. L., . . . Rasmusen, H. K. (2023). Cognitive-behavioural therapy reduces psychological distress in younger patients with cardiac disease: a randomized trial. Eur Heart J, 44(11), 986-996. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac792"
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          "ref": "Irgens, A., Dammen, T., Nysæter, T. E., & Hoffart, A. (2012). Thought field therapy (TFT) as a treatment for anxiety symptoms: A randomized controlled trial. Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing, 8(6), 331-338. doi:10.1016/j.explore.2012.08.003"
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        },
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          "ref": "Haringsma R, Engels G, Cuijpers P, Spinhoven P. Effectiveness of the Coping With Depression (CWD) course for older adults provided by the community-based mental health care system in the Netherlands: A randomized controlled field trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2006;18(02):307-25."
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          "ref": "Irgens, A., Dammen, T., Nysæter, T. E., & Hoffart, A. (2012). Thought field therapy (TFT) as a treatment for anxiety symptoms: A randomized controlled trial. Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing, 8(6), 331-338. doi:10.1016/j.explore.2012.08.003"
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        },
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          "study": "Leung, 2013",
          "ref": "Leung SS, Lee AM, Chiang VC, Lam SK, Kuen YW, Wong DF. Culturally sensitive, preventive antenatal group cognitive-behavioural therapy for Chinese women with depression. Internationan Journal of Nursing Practice. 2013;19(Supp 1):28-37."
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          "ref": "Norlund F, Wallin E, Olsson MGE, Wallert J, Burell G, Von Essen L, et al. Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for symptoms of depression and anxiety among patients with a recent myocardial infarction: the U-CARE Heart randomized trial. European journal of preventive cardiology. 2018;25(2):S63‐S4."
        },
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          "ref": "Savard J, Simard S, Giguere I, Ivers H, Morin CM, Maunsell E, et al. Randomized clinical trial on cognitive therapy for depression in women with metastatic breast cancer: Psychological and immunological effects. Palliative and Supportive Care. 2006;4(3):219-37."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Scheidt CE, Waller E, Endorf K, Schmidt S, Kˆnig R, Zeeck A, et al. Is brief psychodynamic psychotherapy in primary fibromyalgia syndrome with concurrent depression an effective treatment? A randomized controlled trial. General hospital psychiatry [Internet]. 2013; 35(2):[160-7 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/075/CN-00878075/frame.html"
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          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
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          "ref": "Garnefski N, Kraaij V, Schroevers M. Effects of a cognitive behavioral self-help program on depressed mood for people with acquired chronic physical impairments: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Patient education and counseling. 2011;85(2):304-7."
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          "ref": "Holdgaard, A., Eckhardt-Hansen, C., Lassen, C. F., Kjesbu, I. E., Dall, C. H., Michaelsen, K. L., . . . Rasmusen, H. K. (2023). Cognitive-behavioural therapy reduces psychological distress in younger patients with cardiac disease: a randomized trial. Eur Heart J, 44(11), 986-996. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac792"
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          "ref": "Irgens, A., Dammen, T., Nysæter, T. E., & Hoffart, A. (2012). Thought field therapy (TFT) as a treatment for anxiety symptoms: A randomized controlled trial. Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing, 8(6), 331-338. doi:10.1016/j.explore.2012.08.003"
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          "ref": "Johansson, O., Bjärehed, J., Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., & Lundh, L. G. (2019). Effectiveness of guided internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for depression in routine psychiatry: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 17. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2019.100247"
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          "ref": "Kim YH, Choi KS, Han K, Kim HW. A psychological intervention programme for patients with breast cancer under chemotherapy and at a high risk of depression: a randomised clinical trial. Journal of clinical nursing 2018; 27(3‐4): 572‐81."
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          "ref": "Johansson, O., Bjärehed, J., Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., & Lundh, L. G. (2019). Effectiveness of guided internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for depression in routine psychiatry: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 17. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2019.100247"
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          "study": "Leung, 2013",
          "ref": "Leung SS, Lee AM, Chiang VC, Lam SK, Kuen YW, Wong DF. Culturally sensitive, preventive antenatal group cognitive-behavioural therapy for Chinese women with depression. Internationan Journal of Nursing Practice. 2013;19(Supp 1):28-37."
        },
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        {
          "study": "Belay, 2022",
          "ref": "Belay, W., Kaba, M., Labisso, W. L., Tigeneh, W., Sahile, Z., Zergaw, A., . . . Haileselassie, W. (2022). The effect of interpersonal psychotherapy on quality of life among breast cancer patients with common mental health disorder: a randomized control trial at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. Support Care Cancer, 30(1), 965-972. doi:10.1007/s00520-021-06508-y"
        },
        {
          "study": "Desautels, 2018",
          "ref": "Desautels, C., Savard, J., Ivers, H., Savard, M. H., & Caplette-Gingras, A. (2018). Treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive therapy and bright light therapy [Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial]. Health Psychology, 37(1), 1‐13. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000539"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2021",
          "ref": "Fernández-Rodríguez, C., González-Fernández, S., Coto-Lesmes, R., & Pedrosa, I. (2021). Behavioral Activation and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in the Treatment of Anxiety and Depression in Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Behavior Modification, 45(5), 822-859. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445520916441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2023",
          "ref": "Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martinez-Loredo, V., Gonzalez-Fernandez, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is activation the active ingredient of transdiagnostic therapies? A randomized clinical trial of behavioral activation, acceptance and commitment therapy, and transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for emotional disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3-45. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455221083309"
        },
        {
          "study": "Garnefski, 2011",
          "ref": "Garnefski N, Kraaij V, Schroevers M. Effects of a cognitive behavioral self-help program on depressed mood for people with acquired chronic physical impairments: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Patient education and counseling. 2011;85(2):304-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Haringsma, 2006",
          "ref": "Haringsma R, Engels G, Cuijpers P, Spinhoven P. Effectiveness of the Coping With Depression (CWD) course for older adults provided by the community-based mental health care system in the Netherlands: A randomized controlled field trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2006;18(02):307-25."
        },
        {
          "study": "Herrmann-Lingen, 2016",
          "ref": "Herrmann-Lingen C, Beutel ME, Bosbach A, Deter HC, Fritzsche K, Hellmich M, et al. A stepwise psychotherapy intervention for reducing risk in coronary artery disease (SPIRR-CAD): Results of an observer-blinded, multicenter, randomized trial in depressed patients with coronary artery disease. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2016;78(6):704-15."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoifodt, 2013",
          "ref": "Hoifodt RS, Lillevoll KR, Griffiths KM, et al. The clinical effectiveness of web-based cognitive behavioral therapy with face-to-face therapist support for depressed primary care patients: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research 2013; 15(8): e153."
        },
        {
          "study": "Holdgaard, 2023",
          "ref": "Holdgaard, A., Eckhardt-Hansen, C., Lassen, C. F., Kjesbu, I. E., Dall, C. H., Michaelsen, K. L., . . . Rasmusen, H. K. (2023). Cognitive-behavioural therapy reduces psychological distress in younger patients with cardiac disease: a randomized trial. Eur Heart J, 44(11), 986-996. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac792"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hummel, 2017",
          "ref": "Hummel, J., Weisbrod, C., Boesch, L., Himpler, K., Hauer, K., Hautzinger, M., . . . Kopf, D. (2017). AIDE–Acute Illness and Depression in Elderly Patients. Cognitive Behavioral Group Psychotherapy in Geriatric Patients With Comorbid Depression: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Journal of the american medical directors association, 18(4), 341-349."
        },
        {
          "study": "Irgens, 2012",
          "ref": "Irgens, A., Dammen, T., Nysæter, T. E., & Hoffart, A. (2012). Thought field therapy (TFT) as a treatment for anxiety symptoms: A randomized controlled trial. Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing, 8(6), 331-338. doi:10.1016/j.explore.2012.08.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2019a",
          "ref": "Johansson, O., Bjärehed, J., Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., & Lundh, L. G. (2019). Effectiveness of guided internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for depression in routine psychiatry: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 17. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2019.100247"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2018",
          "ref": "Kim YH, Choi KS, Han K, Kim HW. A psychological intervention programme for patients with breast cancer under chemotherapy and at a high risk of depression: a randomised clinical trial. Journal of clinical nursing 2018; 27(3‐4): 572‐81."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2013",
          "ref": "Leung SS, Lee AM, Chiang VC, Lam SK, Kuen YW, Wong DF. Culturally sensitive, preventive antenatal group cognitive-behavioural therapy for Chinese women with depression. Internationan Journal of Nursing Practice. 2013;19(Supp 1):28-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leung, 2016",
          "ref": "Leung S, Lee A, Wong D, Wong C, Leung K, Chiang V, et al. A brief group intervention using a cognitive-behavioural approach to reduce postnatal depressive symptoms: A randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Medical Journal. 2016;22(1 Supplement 2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lexis, 2011",
          "ref": "Lexis MA, Jansen NW, Huibers MJ, Amelsvoort LG, Berkouwer A, Tjin ATG, et al. Prevention of long-term sickness absence and major depression in high-risk employees: A randomised controlled trial. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2011;68(6):400-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Naeem, 2013",
          "ref": "Naeem F, Sarhandi I, Gul M, Khalid M, Aslam M, Anbrin A. A multicentre randomised controlled trial of a carer supervised culturally adapted cbt (cacbt) based self-help for depression in pakistan. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;156:224-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Naeem, 2015",
          "ref": "Naeem F, Gul M, Irfan M, Munshi T, Asif A, Rashid S, et al. Brief Culturally adapted CBT (CaCBT) for depression: A randomized controlled trial from Pakistan. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2015;177:101-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nobis, 2015",
          "ref": "Nobis S, Lehr D, Ebert DD, Baumeister H, Snoek F, Riper H, et al. Efficacy of a web-based intervention with mobile phone support in treating depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(5):776-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Norlund, 2018",
          "ref": "Norlund F, Wallin E, Olsson MGE, Wallert J, Burell G, Von Essen L, et al. Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for symptoms of depression and anxiety among patients with a recent myocardial infarction: the U-CARE Heart randomized trial. European journal of preventive cardiology. 2018;25(2):S63‐S4."
        },
        {
          "study": "Savard, 2006",
          "ref": "Savard J, Simard S, Giguere I, Ivers H, Morin CM, Maunsell E, et al. Randomized clinical trial on cognitive therapy for depression in women with metastatic breast cancer: Psychological and immunological effects. Palliative and Supportive Care. 2006;4(3):219-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scheidt, 2013",
          "ref": "Scheidt CE, Waller E, Endorf K, Schmidt S, Kˆnig R, Zeeck A, et al. Is brief psychodynamic psychotherapy in primary fibromyalgia syndrome with concurrent depression an effective treatment? A randomized controlled trial. General hospital psychiatry [Internet]. 2013; 35(2):[160-7 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/075/CN-00878075/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simson, 2008",
          "ref": "Simson U, Nawarotzky U, Friese G, Porck W, Schottenfeld-Naor Y, Hahn S, et al. Psychotherapy intervention to reduce depressive symptoms in patients with diabetic foot syndrome. Diabetic Medicine. 2008;25(2):206-12."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Szumska, 2020",
          "ref": "Szumska I, Gola M, Rusanowska M, et al. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy reduces clinical symptoms, but do not change frontal alpha asymmetry in people with major depression disorder. International Journal of Neuroscience. 2020."
        },
        {
          "study": "Trimmer, 2018",
          "ref": "Trimmer C, Tyo R, Pikard J, McKenna C, Naeem F. Low-Intensity Cognitive Behavioural Therapy-Based Music Group (CBT-Music) for the Treatment of Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression: A Feasibility Study. Behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy. 2018;46(2):168-81."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek, 2013",
          "ref": "van Beek MHCT, Voshaar RCO, Beek AM, van Zijderveld GA, Visser S, Speckens AEM, et al. A brief cognitive‐behavioral intervention for treating depression and panic disorder in patients with noncardiac chest pain: A 24‐week randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety. 2013;30(7):670-8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2018",
          "ref": "Williams C, McClay CA, Matthews L, et al. Community-based group guided self-help intervention for low mood and stress: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry 2018; 212(2): 88-95."
        }
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        },
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          "study": "Norlund, 2018",
          "ref": "Norlund F, Wallin E, Olsson MGE, Wallert J, Burell G, Von Essen L, et al. Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for symptoms of depression and anxiety among patients with a recent myocardial infarction: the U-CARE Heart randomized trial. European journal of preventive cardiology. 2018;25(2):S63‐S4."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Trimmer C, Tyo R, Pikard J, McKenna C, Naeem F. Low-Intensity Cognitive Behavioural Therapy-Based Music Group (CBT-Music) for the Treatment of Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression: A Feasibility Study. Behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy. 2018;46(2):168-81."
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Azhar, 1994",
          "ref": "Azhar MZ, Varma SL, Dharap AS. Religious psychotherapy in anxiety disorder patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1994 Jul;90(1):1-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01545.x. PMID: 7976440."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bakhshani, 2007",
          "ref": "Bakhshani, N. M., Lashkaripour, K., & Sadjadi, S. A. (2007). Effectiveness of short term cognitive behavior therapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Medical Sciences, 7(7), 1076-1081. doi:10.3923/jms.2007.1076.1081"
        },
        {
          "study": "Barlow, 1992",
          "ref": "Barlow, D. H., Rapee, R. M., & Brown, T. A. (1992). Behavioral treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 23(4), 551-570. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80221-7"
        },
        {
          "study": "Beidel, 2014",
          "ref": "Beidel, D. C., Alfano, C. A., Kofler, M. J., Rao, P. A., Scharfstein, L., & Wong Sarver, N. (2014). The impact of social skills training for social anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. J Anxiety Disord, 28(8), 908-918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.09.016 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1987",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Costello E. Efficacy of applied relaxation and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1993;61(4):611-619. doi:10.1037/0022- 006X.61.4.613"
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bowman, 1997",
          "ref": "Bowman, D., Scogin, F., Floyd, M., Patton, E., & Gist, L. (1997). Efficacy of self-examination therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of counseling psychology, 44, 267-273. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.44.3.267"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenes, 2012",
          "ref": "Brenes, G. A., Miller, M. E., Williamson, J. D., McCall, W. V., Knudson, M., & Stanley, M. A. (2012). A randomized controlled trial of telephone-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy for late-life anxiety disorders. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 20(8), 707-716. doi:10.1097/JGP.0b013e31822ccd3e"
        },
        {
          "study": "Butler, 1991",
          "ref": "Butler, G., Fennell, M., Robson, P., & Gelder, M. (1991). Comparison of behavior therapy and cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 59(1), 167-175. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Durham, 1994",
          "ref": "Durham RC, Murphy T, Allan T, Richard K, Treliving LR, Fenton GW. Cognitive therapy, analytic psychotherapy and anxiety management training for generalised anxiety disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 1994;165(3):315-323. doi:10.1192/bjp.165.3.315"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2022",
          "ref": "Jiang SS, Liu XH, Han N, et al. Effects of group mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and group cognitive behavioural therapy on symptomatic generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled noninferiority trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2022;22(1):481. doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04127-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2010",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2014",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Linden, 2005",
          "ref": "Linden, M., Zubraegel, D., Baer, T., Franke, U., & Schlattmann, P. (2005). Efficacy of cognitive behaviour therapy in generalized anxiety disorders. Results of a controlled clinical trial (Berlin CBT-GAD Study). Psychother Psychosom, 74(1), 36-42. doi:10.1159/000082025"
        },
        {
          "study": "Orvati Aziz, 2020",
          "ref": "Orvati Aziz, M., Mehrinejad, S. A., Hashemian, K., & Paivastegar, M. (2020). Integrative therapy (short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy & cognitive-behavioral therapy) and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract, 39, 101122. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101122"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ost, 2000",
          "ref": "Ost LG, Breitholtz E. Applied relaxation vs. cognitive therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2000;38(8):777- 790. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00095-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ost, 2004",
          "ref": "Ost LG, Thulin U, Ramnero J. Cognitive behavior therapy vs exposure in vivo in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia (corrected from agrophobia). Behaviour research and therapy 2004;42(10):1105-27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Power, 1989",
          "ref": "Power, K. G., Jerrom, D. W. A., Simpson, R. J., Mitchell, M. J., & Swanson, V. (1989). A controlled comparison of Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy, Diazepam and Placebo in the management of generalized anxiety. Behavioural Psychotherapy, 17(1), 1-14. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L19077017"
        },
        {
          "study": "Razali, 2002",
          "ref": "Razali, Salmi & Aminah, Kassim & Khan, Umeed. (2002). Religious-Cultural Psychotherapy in the Management of Anxiety Patients. Transcultural Psychiatry - TRANSCULT PSYCHIATRY. 39. 130-136. 10.1177/136346150203900106."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ren, 2019",
          "ref": "Ren W, Qiu H, Yang Y, Zhu X, Zhu C, Mao G, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for depressive and anxiety symptoms in Chinese women with breast cancer. Psychiatry Research. 2019;271:52-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 1996",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2003",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wiborg, 1996",
          "ref": "Wiborg IM, Dahl AA. Does brief dynamic psychotherapy reduce the relapse rate of panic disorder? Archives of general psychiatry 1996;53(8):689-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "de Almeida Sampaio, 2020",
          "ref": "de Almeida Sampaio TP, Jorge RC, Martins DS, Gandarela LM, Hayes-Skelton S, Bernik MA, Lotufo-Neto F. Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1179-1193. doi: 10.1002/da.23021. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32333486."
        }
      ]
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        {
          "study": "Azhar, 1994",
          "ref": "Azhar MZ, Varma SL, Dharap AS. Religious psychotherapy in anxiety disorder patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1994 Jul;90(1):1-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01545.x. PMID: 7976440."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bakhshani, 2007",
          "ref": "Bakhshani, N. M., Lashkaripour, K., & Sadjadi, S. A. (2007). Effectiveness of short term cognitive behavior therapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Medical Sciences, 7(7), 1076-1081. doi:10.3923/jms.2007.1076.1081"
        },
        {
          "study": "Barlow, 1992",
          "ref": "Barlow, D. H., Rapee, R. M., & Brown, T. A. (1992). Behavioral treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 23(4), 551-570. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80221-7"
        },
        {
          "study": "Beidel, 2014",
          "ref": "Beidel, D. C., Alfano, C. A., Kofler, M. J., Rao, P. A., Scharfstein, L., & Wong Sarver, N. (2014). The impact of social skills training for social anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. J Anxiety Disord, 28(8), 908-918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.09.016 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1987",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Costello E. Efficacy of applied relaxation and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1993;61(4):611-619. doi:10.1037/0022- 006X.61.4.613"
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bowman, 1997",
          "ref": "Bowman, D., Scogin, F., Floyd, M., Patton, E., & Gist, L. (1997). Efficacy of self-examination therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of counseling psychology, 44, 267-273. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.44.3.267"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenes, 2012",
          "ref": "Brenes, G. A., Miller, M. E., Williamson, J. D., McCall, W. V., Knudson, M., & Stanley, M. A. (2012). A randomized controlled trial of telephone-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy for late-life anxiety disorders. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 20(8), 707-716. doi:10.1097/JGP.0b013e31822ccd3e"
        },
        {
          "study": "Butler, 1991",
          "ref": "Butler, G., Fennell, M., Robson, P., & Gelder, M. (1991). Comparison of behavior therapy and cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 59(1), 167-175. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Durham, 1994",
          "ref": "Durham RC, Murphy T, Allan T, Richard K, Treliving LR, Fenton GW. Cognitive therapy, analytic psychotherapy and anxiety management training for generalised anxiety disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 1994;165(3):315-323. doi:10.1192/bjp.165.3.315"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2022",
          "ref": "Jiang SS, Liu XH, Han N, et al. Effects of group mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and group cognitive behavioural therapy on symptomatic generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled noninferiority trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2022;22(1):481. doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04127-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2010",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2014",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Linden, 2005",
          "ref": "Linden, M., Zubraegel, D., Baer, T., Franke, U., & Schlattmann, P. (2005). Efficacy of cognitive behaviour therapy in generalized anxiety disorders. Results of a controlled clinical trial (Berlin CBT-GAD Study). Psychother Psychosom, 74(1), 36-42. doi:10.1159/000082025"
        },
        {
          "study": "Orvati Aziz, 2020",
          "ref": "Orvati Aziz, M., Mehrinejad, S. A., Hashemian, K., & Paivastegar, M. (2020). Integrative therapy (short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy & cognitive-behavioral therapy) and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract, 39, 101122. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101122"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ost, 2000",
          "ref": "Ost LG, Breitholtz E. Applied relaxation vs. cognitive therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2000;38(8):777- 790. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00095-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ost, 2004",
          "ref": "Ost LG, Thulin U, Ramnero J. Cognitive behavior therapy vs exposure in vivo in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia (corrected from agrophobia). Behaviour research and therapy 2004;42(10):1105-27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Power, 1989",
          "ref": "Power, K. G., Jerrom, D. W. A., Simpson, R. J., Mitchell, M. J., & Swanson, V. (1989). A controlled comparison of Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy, Diazepam and Placebo in the management of generalized anxiety. Behavioural Psychotherapy, 17(1), 1-14. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L19077017"
        },
        {
          "study": "Razali, 2002",
          "ref": "Razali, Salmi & Aminah, Kassim & Khan, Umeed. (2002). Religious-Cultural Psychotherapy in the Management of Anxiety Patients. Transcultural Psychiatry - TRANSCULT PSYCHIATRY. 39. 130-136. 10.1177/136346150203900106."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ren, 2019",
          "ref": "Ren W, Qiu H, Yang Y, Zhu X, Zhu C, Mao G, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for depressive and anxiety symptoms in Chinese women with breast cancer. Psychiatry Research. 2019;271:52-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 1996",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2003",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wiborg, 1996",
          "ref": "Wiborg IM, Dahl AA. Does brief dynamic psychotherapy reduce the relapse rate of panic disorder? Archives of general psychiatry 1996;53(8):689-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "de Almeida Sampaio, 2020",
          "ref": "de Almeida Sampaio TP, Jorge RC, Martins DS, Gandarela LM, Hayes-Skelton S, Bernik MA, Lotufo-Neto F. Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1179-1193. doi: 10.1002/da.23021. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32333486."
        }
      ]
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Azhar, 1994",
          "ref": "Azhar MZ, Varma SL, Dharap AS. Religious psychotherapy in anxiety disorder patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1994 Jul;90(1):1-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01545.x. PMID: 7976440."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bakhshani, 2007",
          "ref": "Bakhshani, N. M., Lashkaripour, K., & Sadjadi, S. A. (2007). Effectiveness of short term cognitive behavior therapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Medical Sciences, 7(7), 1076-1081. doi:10.3923/jms.2007.1076.1081"
        },
        {
          "study": "Barlow, 1992",
          "ref": "Barlow, D. H., Rapee, R. M., & Brown, T. A. (1992). Behavioral treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 23(4), 551-570. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80221-7"
        },
        {
          "study": "Beidel, 2014",
          "ref": "Beidel, D. C., Alfano, C. A., Kofler, M. J., Rao, P. A., Scharfstein, L., & Wong Sarver, N. (2014). The impact of social skills training for social anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. J Anxiety Disord, 28(8), 908-918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.09.016 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1987",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Costello E. Efficacy of applied relaxation and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1993;61(4):611-619. doi:10.1037/0022- 006X.61.4.613"
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bowman, 1997",
          "ref": "Bowman, D., Scogin, F., Floyd, M., Patton, E., & Gist, L. (1997). Efficacy of self-examination therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of counseling psychology, 44, 267-273. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.44.3.267"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenes, 2012",
          "ref": "Brenes, G. A., Miller, M. E., Williamson, J. D., McCall, W. V., Knudson, M., & Stanley, M. A. (2012). A randomized controlled trial of telephone-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy for late-life anxiety disorders. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 20(8), 707-716. doi:10.1097/JGP.0b013e31822ccd3e"
        },
        {
          "study": "Butler, 1991",
          "ref": "Butler, G., Fennell, M., Robson, P., & Gelder, M. (1991). Comparison of behavior therapy and cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 59(1), 167-175. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Durham, 1994",
          "ref": "Durham RC, Murphy T, Allan T, Richard K, Treliving LR, Fenton GW. Cognitive therapy, analytic psychotherapy and anxiety management training for generalised anxiety disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 1994;165(3):315-323. doi:10.1192/bjp.165.3.315"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2022",
          "ref": "Jiang SS, Liu XH, Han N, et al. Effects of group mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and group cognitive behavioural therapy on symptomatic generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled noninferiority trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2022;22(1):481. doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04127-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2010",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2014",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Linden, 2005",
          "ref": "Linden, M., Zubraegel, D., Baer, T., Franke, U., & Schlattmann, P. (2005). Efficacy of cognitive behaviour therapy in generalized anxiety disorders. Results of a controlled clinical trial (Berlin CBT-GAD Study). Psychother Psychosom, 74(1), 36-42. doi:10.1159/000082025"
        },
        {
          "study": "Orvati Aziz, 2020",
          "ref": "Orvati Aziz, M., Mehrinejad, S. A., Hashemian, K., & Paivastegar, M. (2020). Integrative therapy (short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy & cognitive-behavioral therapy) and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract, 39, 101122. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101122"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ost, 2000",
          "ref": "Ost LG, Breitholtz E. Applied relaxation vs. cognitive therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2000;38(8):777- 790. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00095-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ost, 2004",
          "ref": "Ost LG, Thulin U, Ramnero J. Cognitive behavior therapy vs exposure in vivo in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia (corrected from agrophobia). Behaviour research and therapy 2004;42(10):1105-27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Power, 1989",
          "ref": "Power, K. G., Jerrom, D. W. A., Simpson, R. J., Mitchell, M. J., & Swanson, V. (1989). A controlled comparison of Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy, Diazepam and Placebo in the management of generalized anxiety. Behavioural Psychotherapy, 17(1), 1-14. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L19077017"
        },
        {
          "study": "Razali, 2002",
          "ref": "Razali, Salmi & Aminah, Kassim & Khan, Umeed. (2002). Religious-Cultural Psychotherapy in the Management of Anxiety Patients. Transcultural Psychiatry - TRANSCULT PSYCHIATRY. 39. 130-136. 10.1177/136346150203900106."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ren, 2019",
          "ref": "Ren W, Qiu H, Yang Y, Zhu X, Zhu C, Mao G, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for depressive and anxiety symptoms in Chinese women with breast cancer. Psychiatry Research. 2019;271:52-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 1996",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2003",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wiborg, 1996",
          "ref": "Wiborg IM, Dahl AA. Does brief dynamic psychotherapy reduce the relapse rate of panic disorder? Archives of general psychiatry 1996;53(8):689-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "de Almeida Sampaio, 2020",
          "ref": "de Almeida Sampaio TP, Jorge RC, Martins DS, Gandarela LM, Hayes-Skelton S, Bernik MA, Lotufo-Neto F. Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1179-1193. doi: 10.1002/da.23021. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32333486."
        }
      ]
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    {
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      "instr": "HAMA",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Bakhshani, 2007",
          "ref": "Bakhshani, N. M., Lashkaripour, K., & Sadjadi, S. A. (2007). Effectiveness of short term cognitive behavior therapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Medical Sciences, 7(7), 1076-1081. doi:10.3923/jms.2007.1076.1081"
        },
        {
          "study": "Barlow, 1992",
          "ref": "Barlow, D. H., Rapee, R. M., & Brown, T. A. (1992). Behavioral treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 23(4), 551-570. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80221-7"
        },
        {
          "study": "Beidel, 2014",
          "ref": "Beidel, D. C., Alfano, C. A., Kofler, M. J., Rao, P. A., Scharfstein, L., & Wong Sarver, N. (2014). The impact of social skills training for social anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. J Anxiety Disord, 28(8), 908-918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.09.016 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1987",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Costello E. Efficacy of applied relaxation and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1993;61(4):611-619. doi:10.1037/0022- 006X.61.4.613"
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenes, 2012",
          "ref": "Brenes, G. A., Miller, M. E., Williamson, J. D., McCall, W. V., Knudson, M., & Stanley, M. A. (2012). A randomized controlled trial of telephone-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy for late-life anxiety disorders. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 20(8), 707-716. doi:10.1097/JGP.0b013e31822ccd3e"
        },
        {
          "study": "Butler, 1991",
          "ref": "Butler, G., Fennell, M., Robson, P., & Gelder, M. (1991). Comparison of behavior therapy and cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 59(1), 167-175. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2022",
          "ref": "Jiang SS, Liu XH, Han N, et al. Effects of group mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and group cognitive behavioural therapy on symptomatic generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled noninferiority trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2022;22(1):481. doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04127-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2014",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Orvati Aziz, 2020",
          "ref": "Orvati Aziz, M., Mehrinejad, S. A., Hashemian, K., & Paivastegar, M. (2020). Integrative therapy (short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy & cognitive-behavioral therapy) and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract, 39, 101122. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101122"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ost, 2000",
          "ref": "Ost LG, Breitholtz E. Applied relaxation vs. cognitive therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2000;38(8):777- 790. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00095-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ost, 2004",
          "ref": "Ost LG, Thulin U, Ramnero J. Cognitive behavior therapy vs exposure in vivo in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia (corrected from agrophobia). Behaviour research and therapy 2004;42(10):1105-27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
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          "study": "Power, 1989",
          "ref": "Power, K. G., Jerrom, D. W. A., Simpson, R. J., Mitchell, M. J., & Swanson, V. (1989). A controlled comparison of Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy, Diazepam and Placebo in the management of generalized anxiety. Behavioural Psychotherapy, 17(1), 1-14. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L19077017"
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        {
          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
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          "study": "Wiborg, 1996",
          "ref": "Wiborg IM, Dahl AA. Does brief dynamic psychotherapy reduce the relapse rate of panic disorder? Archives of general psychiatry 1996;53(8):689-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
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        {
          "study": "Azhar, 1994",
          "ref": "Azhar MZ, Varma SL, Dharap AS. Religious psychotherapy in anxiety disorder patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1994 Jul;90(1):1-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01545.x. PMID: 7976440."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bakhshani, 2007",
          "ref": "Bakhshani, N. M., Lashkaripour, K., & Sadjadi, S. A. (2007). Effectiveness of short term cognitive behavior therapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Medical Sciences, 7(7), 1076-1081. doi:10.3923/jms.2007.1076.1081"
        },
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          "ref": "Barlow, D. H., Rapee, R. M., & Brown, T. A. (1992). Behavioral treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 23(4), 551-570. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80221-7"
        },
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          "ref": "Beidel, D. C., Alfano, C. A., Kofler, M. J., Rao, P. A., Scharfstein, L., & Wong Sarver, N. (2014). The impact of social skills training for social anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. J Anxiety Disord, 28(8), 908-918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.09.016 "
        },
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          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Costello E. Efficacy of applied relaxation and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1993;61(4):611-619. doi:10.1037/0022- 006X.61.4.613"
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bowman, 1997",
          "ref": "Bowman, D., Scogin, F., Floyd, M., Patton, E., & Gist, L. (1997). Efficacy of self-examination therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of counseling psychology, 44, 267-273. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.44.3.267"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenes, 2012",
          "ref": "Brenes, G. A., Miller, M. E., Williamson, J. D., McCall, W. V., Knudson, M., & Stanley, M. A. (2012). A randomized controlled trial of telephone-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy for late-life anxiety disorders. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 20(8), 707-716. doi:10.1097/JGP.0b013e31822ccd3e"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Butler, G., Fennell, M., Robson, P., & Gelder, M. (1991). Comparison of behavior therapy and cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 59(1), 167-175. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Durham, 1994",
          "ref": "Durham RC, Murphy T, Allan T, Richard K, Treliving LR, Fenton GW. Cognitive therapy, analytic psychotherapy and anxiety management training for generalised anxiety disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 1994;165(3):315-323. doi:10.1192/bjp.165.3.315"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2022",
          "ref": "Jiang SS, Liu XH, Han N, et al. Effects of group mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and group cognitive behavioural therapy on symptomatic generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled noninferiority trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2022;22(1):481. doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04127-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2010",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Linden, 2005",
          "ref": "Linden, M., Zubraegel, D., Baer, T., Franke, U., & Schlattmann, P. (2005). Efficacy of cognitive behaviour therapy in generalized anxiety disorders. Results of a controlled clinical trial (Berlin CBT-GAD Study). Psychother Psychosom, 74(1), 36-42. doi:10.1159/000082025"
        },
        {
          "study": "Orvati Aziz, 2020",
          "ref": "Orvati Aziz, M., Mehrinejad, S. A., Hashemian, K., & Paivastegar, M. (2020). Integrative therapy (short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy & cognitive-behavioral therapy) and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract, 39, 101122. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101122"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ost, 2000",
          "ref": "Ost LG, Breitholtz E. Applied relaxation vs. cognitive therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2000;38(8):777- 790. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00095-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ost, 2004",
          "ref": "Ost LG, Thulin U, Ramnero J. Cognitive behavior therapy vs exposure in vivo in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia (corrected from agrophobia). Behaviour research and therapy 2004;42(10):1105-27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Power, K. G., Jerrom, D. W. A., Simpson, R. J., Mitchell, M. J., & Swanson, V. (1989). A controlled comparison of Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy, Diazepam and Placebo in the management of generalized anxiety. Behavioural Psychotherapy, 17(1), 1-14. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L19077017"
        },
        {
          "study": "Razali, 2002",
          "ref": "Razali, Salmi & Aminah, Kassim & Khan, Umeed. (2002). Religious-Cultural Psychotherapy in the Management of Anxiety Patients. Transcultural Psychiatry - TRANSCULT PSYCHIATRY. 39. 130-136. 10.1177/136346150203900106."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ren, 2019",
          "ref": "Ren W, Qiu H, Yang Y, Zhu X, Zhu C, Mao G, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for depressive and anxiety symptoms in Chinese women with breast cancer. Psychiatry Research. 2019;271:52-9."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
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          "ref": "Beidel, D. C., Alfano, C. A., Kofler, M. J., Rao, P. A., Scharfstein, L., & Wong Sarver, N. (2014). The impact of social skills training for social anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. J Anxiety Disord, 28(8), 908-918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.09.016 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1987",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Costello E. Efficacy of applied relaxation and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1993;61(4):611-619. doi:10.1037/0022- 006X.61.4.613"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
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          "ref": "Bowman, D., Scogin, F., Floyd, M., Patton, E., & Gist, L. (1997). Efficacy of self-examination therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of counseling psychology, 44, 267-273. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.44.3.267"
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          "ref": "Butler, G., Fennell, M., Robson, P., & Gelder, M. (1991). Comparison of behavior therapy and cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 59(1), 167-175. "
        },
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          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
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          "ref": "Durham RC, Murphy T, Allan T, Richard K, Treliving LR, Fenton GW. Cognitive therapy, analytic psychotherapy and anxiety management training for generalised anxiety disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 1994;165(3):315-323. doi:10.1192/bjp.165.3.315"
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        },
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          "ref": "Jiang SS, Liu XH, Han N, et al. Effects of group mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and group cognitive behavioural therapy on symptomatic generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled noninferiority trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2022;22(1):481. doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04127-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
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          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
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          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
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          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
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          "ref": "Linden, M., Zubraegel, D., Baer, T., Franke, U., & Schlattmann, P. (2005). Efficacy of cognitive behaviour therapy in generalized anxiety disorders. Results of a controlled clinical trial (Berlin CBT-GAD Study). Psychother Psychosom, 74(1), 36-42. doi:10.1159/000082025"
        },
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          "ref": "Orvati Aziz, M., Mehrinejad, S. A., Hashemian, K., & Paivastegar, M. (2020). Integrative therapy (short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy & cognitive-behavioral therapy) and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract, 39, 101122. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101122"
        },
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          "study": "Ost, 2000",
          "ref": "Ost LG, Breitholtz E. Applied relaxation vs. cognitive therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2000;38(8):777- 790. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00095-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ost, 2004",
          "ref": "Ost LG, Thulin U, Ramnero J. Cognitive behavior therapy vs exposure in vivo in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia (corrected from agrophobia). Behaviour research and therapy 2004;42(10):1105-27."
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          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
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          "ref": "Power, K. G., Jerrom, D. W. A., Simpson, R. J., Mitchell, M. J., & Swanson, V. (1989). A controlled comparison of Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy, Diazepam and Placebo in the management of generalized anxiety. Behavioural Psychotherapy, 17(1), 1-14. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L19077017"
        },
        {
          "study": "Razali, 2002",
          "ref": "Razali, Salmi & Aminah, Kassim & Khan, Umeed. (2002). Religious-Cultural Psychotherapy in the Management of Anxiety Patients. Transcultural Psychiatry - TRANSCULT PSYCHIATRY. 39. 130-136. 10.1177/136346150203900106."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ren, 2019",
          "ref": "Ren W, Qiu H, Yang Y, Zhu X, Zhu C, Mao G, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for depressive and anxiety symptoms in Chinese women with breast cancer. Psychiatry Research. 2019;271:52-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wiborg, 1996",
          "ref": "Wiborg IM, Dahl AA. Does brief dynamic psychotherapy reduce the relapse rate of panic disorder? Archives of general psychiatry 1996;53(8):689-94."
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          "ref": "de Almeida Sampaio TP, Jorge RC, Martins DS, Gandarela LM, Hayes-Skelton S, Bernik MA, Lotufo-Neto F. Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1179-1193. doi: 10.1002/da.23021. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32333486."
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        },
        {
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          "ref": "Beidel, D. C., Alfano, C. A., Kofler, M. J., Rao, P. A., Scharfstein, L., & Wong Sarver, N. (2014). The impact of social skills training for social anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. J Anxiety Disord, 28(8), 908-918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.09.016 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1987",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Costello E. Efficacy of applied relaxation and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1993;61(4):611-619. doi:10.1037/0022- 006X.61.4.613"
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
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        {
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          "ref": "Bakhshani, N. M., Lashkaripour, K., & Sadjadi, S. A. (2007). Effectiveness of short term cognitive behavior therapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Medical Sciences, 7(7), 1076-1081. doi:10.3923/jms.2007.1076.1081"
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          "ref": "Bowman, D., Scogin, F., Floyd, M., Patton, E., & Gist, L. (1997). Efficacy of self-examination therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of counseling psychology, 44, 267-273. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.44.3.267"
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        {
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          "study": "Jiang, 2022",
          "ref": "Jiang SS, Liu XH, Han N, et al. Effects of group mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and group cognitive behavioural therapy on symptomatic generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled noninferiority trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2022;22(1):481. doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04127-3"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Ost LG, Thulin U, Ramnero J. Cognitive behavior therapy vs exposure in vivo in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia (corrected from agrophobia). Behaviour research and therapy 2004;42(10):1105-27."
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          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Durham, 1994",
          "ref": "Durham RC, Murphy T, Allan T, Richard K, Treliving LR, Fenton GW. Cognitive therapy, analytic psychotherapy and anxiety management training for generalised anxiety disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 1994;165(3):315-323. doi:10.1192/bjp.165.3.315"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2022",
          "ref": "Jiang SS, Liu XH, Han N, et al. Effects of group mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and group cognitive behavioural therapy on symptomatic generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled noninferiority trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2022;22(1):481. doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04127-3"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
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        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2014",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Linden, 2005",
          "ref": "Linden, M., Zubraegel, D., Baer, T., Franke, U., & Schlattmann, P. (2005). Efficacy of cognitive behaviour therapy in generalized anxiety disorders. Results of a controlled clinical trial (Berlin CBT-GAD Study). Psychother Psychosom, 74(1), 36-42. doi:10.1159/000082025"
        },
        {
          "study": "Orvati Aziz, 2020",
          "ref": "Orvati Aziz, M., Mehrinejad, S. A., Hashemian, K., & Paivastegar, M. (2020). Integrative therapy (short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy & cognitive-behavioral therapy) and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract, 39, 101122. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101122"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ost, 2000",
          "ref": "Ost LG, Breitholtz E. Applied relaxation vs. cognitive therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2000;38(8):777- 790. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00095-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ost, 2004",
          "ref": "Ost LG, Thulin U, Ramnero J. Cognitive behavior therapy vs exposure in vivo in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia (corrected from agrophobia). Behaviour research and therapy 2004;42(10):1105-27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Power, 1989",
          "ref": "Power, K. G., Jerrom, D. W. A., Simpson, R. J., Mitchell, M. J., & Swanson, V. (1989). A controlled comparison of Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy, Diazepam and Placebo in the management of generalized anxiety. Behavioural Psychotherapy, 17(1), 1-14. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L19077017"
        },
        {
          "study": "Razali, 2002",
          "ref": "Razali, Salmi & Aminah, Kassim & Khan, Umeed. (2002). Religious-Cultural Psychotherapy in the Management of Anxiety Patients. Transcultural Psychiatry - TRANSCULT PSYCHIATRY. 39. 130-136. 10.1177/136346150203900106."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
        },
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          "ref": "Wiborg IM, Dahl AA. Does brief dynamic psychotherapy reduce the relapse rate of panic disorder? Archives of general psychiatry 1996;53(8):689-94."
        },
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          "study": "de Almeida Sampaio, 2020",
          "ref": "de Almeida Sampaio TP, Jorge RC, Martins DS, Gandarela LM, Hayes-Skelton S, Bernik MA, Lotufo-Neto F. Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1179-1193. doi: 10.1002/da.23021. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32333486."
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        {
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          "ref": "Bakhshani, N. M., Lashkaripour, K., & Sadjadi, S. A. (2007). Effectiveness of short term cognitive behavior therapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Medical Sciences, 7(7), 1076-1081. doi:10.3923/jms.2007.1076.1081"
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          "ref": "Barlow, D. H., Rapee, R. M., & Brown, T. A. (1992). Behavioral treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 23(4), 551-570. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80221-7"
        },
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          "ref": "Beidel, D. C., Alfano, C. A., Kofler, M. J., Rao, P. A., Scharfstein, L., & Wong Sarver, N. (2014). The impact of social skills training for social anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. J Anxiety Disord, 28(8), 908-918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.09.016 "
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          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Costello E. Efficacy of applied relaxation and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1993;61(4):611-619. doi:10.1037/0022- 006X.61.4.613"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Bowman, D., Scogin, F., Floyd, M., Patton, E., & Gist, L. (1997). Efficacy of self-examination therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of counseling psychology, 44, 267-273. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.44.3.267"
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        {
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          "ref": "Brenes, G. A., Miller, M. E., Williamson, J. D., McCall, W. V., Knudson, M., & Stanley, M. A. (2012). A randomized controlled trial of telephone-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy for late-life anxiety disorders. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 20(8), 707-716. doi:10.1097/JGP.0b013e31822ccd3e"
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          "ref": "Butler, G., Fennell, M., Robson, P., & Gelder, M. (1991). Comparison of behavior therapy and cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 59(1), 167-175. "
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        {
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          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
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          "ref": "Durham RC, Murphy T, Allan T, Richard K, Treliving LR, Fenton GW. Cognitive therapy, analytic psychotherapy and anxiety management training for generalised anxiety disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 1994;165(3):315-323. doi:10.1192/bjp.165.3.315"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2022",
          "ref": "Jiang SS, Liu XH, Han N, et al. Effects of group mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and group cognitive behavioural therapy on symptomatic generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled noninferiority trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2022;22(1):481. doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04127-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
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        {
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          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Linden, M., Zubraegel, D., Baer, T., Franke, U., & Schlattmann, P. (2005). Efficacy of cognitive behaviour therapy in generalized anxiety disorders. Results of a controlled clinical trial (Berlin CBT-GAD Study). Psychother Psychosom, 74(1), 36-42. doi:10.1159/000082025"
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        {
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          "ref": "Orvati Aziz, M., Mehrinejad, S. A., Hashemian, K., & Paivastegar, M. (2020). Integrative therapy (short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy & cognitive-behavioral therapy) and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract, 39, 101122. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101122"
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          "study": "Ost, 2000",
          "ref": "Ost LG, Breitholtz E. Applied relaxation vs. cognitive therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2000;38(8):777- 790. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00095-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ost, 2004",
          "ref": "Ost LG, Thulin U, Ramnero J. Cognitive behavior therapy vs exposure in vivo in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia (corrected from agrophobia). Behaviour research and therapy 2004;42(10):1105-27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Power, K. G., Jerrom, D. W. A., Simpson, R. J., Mitchell, M. J., & Swanson, V. (1989). A controlled comparison of Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy, Diazepam and Placebo in the management of generalized anxiety. Behavioural Psychotherapy, 17(1), 1-14. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L19077017"
        },
        {
          "study": "Razali, 2002",
          "ref": "Razali, Salmi & Aminah, Kassim & Khan, Umeed. (2002). Religious-Cultural Psychotherapy in the Management of Anxiety Patients. Transcultural Psychiatry - TRANSCULT PSYCHIATRY. 39. 130-136. 10.1177/136346150203900106."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ren, 2019",
          "ref": "Ren W, Qiu H, Yang Y, Zhu X, Zhu C, Mao G, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for depressive and anxiety symptoms in Chinese women with breast cancer. Psychiatry Research. 2019;271:52-9."
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        {
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          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
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          "ref": "Wiborg IM, Dahl AA. Does brief dynamic psychotherapy reduce the relapse rate of panic disorder? Archives of general psychiatry 1996;53(8):689-94."
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        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
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          "ref": "Barlow, D. H., Rapee, R. M., & Brown, T. A. (1992). Behavioral treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 23(4), 551-570. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80221-7"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Beidel, D. C., Alfano, C. A., Kofler, M. J., Rao, P. A., Scharfstein, L., & Wong Sarver, N. (2014). The impact of social skills training for social anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. J Anxiety Disord, 28(8), 908-918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.09.016 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1987",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Costello E. Efficacy of applied relaxation and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1993;61(4):611-619. doi:10.1037/0022- 006X.61.4.613"
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bowman, 1997",
          "ref": "Bowman, D., Scogin, F., Floyd, M., Patton, E., & Gist, L. (1997). Efficacy of self-examination therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of counseling psychology, 44, 267-273. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.44.3.267"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenes, 2012",
          "ref": "Brenes, G. A., Miller, M. E., Williamson, J. D., McCall, W. V., Knudson, M., & Stanley, M. A. (2012). A randomized controlled trial of telephone-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy for late-life anxiety disorders. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 20(8), 707-716. doi:10.1097/JGP.0b013e31822ccd3e"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Butler, G., Fennell, M., Robson, P., & Gelder, M. (1991). Comparison of behavior therapy and cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 59(1), 167-175. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Durham, 1994",
          "ref": "Durham RC, Murphy T, Allan T, Richard K, Treliving LR, Fenton GW. Cognitive therapy, analytic psychotherapy and anxiety management training for generalised anxiety disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 1994;165(3):315-323. doi:10.1192/bjp.165.3.315"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2022",
          "ref": "Jiang SS, Liu XH, Han N, et al. Effects of group mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and group cognitive behavioural therapy on symptomatic generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled noninferiority trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2022;22(1):481. doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04127-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2010",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2014",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
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          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
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          "ref": "Linden, M., Zubraegel, D., Baer, T., Franke, U., & Schlattmann, P. (2005). Efficacy of cognitive behaviour therapy in generalized anxiety disorders. Results of a controlled clinical trial (Berlin CBT-GAD Study). Psychother Psychosom, 74(1), 36-42. doi:10.1159/000082025"
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          "ref": "Orvati Aziz, M., Mehrinejad, S. A., Hashemian, K., & Paivastegar, M. (2020). Integrative therapy (short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy & cognitive-behavioral therapy) and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract, 39, 101122. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101122"
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          "ref": "Ost LG, Breitholtz E. Applied relaxation vs. cognitive therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2000;38(8):777- 790. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00095-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ost, 2004",
          "ref": "Ost LG, Thulin U, Ramnero J. Cognitive behavior therapy vs exposure in vivo in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia (corrected from agrophobia). Behaviour research and therapy 2004;42(10):1105-27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Power, K. G., Jerrom, D. W. A., Simpson, R. J., Mitchell, M. J., & Swanson, V. (1989). A controlled comparison of Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy, Diazepam and Placebo in the management of generalized anxiety. Behavioural Psychotherapy, 17(1), 1-14. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L19077017"
        },
        {
          "study": "Razali, 2002",
          "ref": "Razali, Salmi & Aminah, Kassim & Khan, Umeed. (2002). Religious-Cultural Psychotherapy in the Management of Anxiety Patients. Transcultural Psychiatry - TRANSCULT PSYCHIATRY. 39. 130-136. 10.1177/136346150203900106."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ren, 2019",
          "ref": "Ren W, Qiu H, Yang Y, Zhu X, Zhu C, Mao G, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for depressive and anxiety symptoms in Chinese women with breast cancer. Psychiatry Research. 2019;271:52-9."
        },
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          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
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          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
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          "ref": "Wiborg IM, Dahl AA. Does brief dynamic psychotherapy reduce the relapse rate of panic disorder? Archives of general psychiatry 1996;53(8):689-94."
        },
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          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
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          "ref": "de Almeida Sampaio TP, Jorge RC, Martins DS, Gandarela LM, Hayes-Skelton S, Bernik MA, Lotufo-Neto F. Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1179-1193. doi: 10.1002/da.23021. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32333486."
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        {
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          "ref": "Azhar MZ, Varma SL, Dharap AS. Religious psychotherapy in anxiety disorder patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1994 Jul;90(1):1-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01545.x. PMID: 7976440."
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        {
          "study": "Bakhshani, 2007",
          "ref": "Bakhshani, N. M., Lashkaripour, K., & Sadjadi, S. A. (2007). Effectiveness of short term cognitive behavior therapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Medical Sciences, 7(7), 1076-1081. doi:10.3923/jms.2007.1076.1081"
        },
        {
          "study": "Barlow, 1992",
          "ref": "Barlow, D. H., Rapee, R. M., & Brown, T. A. (1992). Behavioral treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 23(4), 551-570. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80221-7"
        },
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          "study": "Borkovec, 1987",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Costello E. Efficacy of applied relaxation and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1993;61(4):611-619. doi:10.1037/0022- 006X.61.4.613"
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenes, 2012",
          "ref": "Brenes, G. A., Miller, M. E., Williamson, J. D., McCall, W. V., Knudson, M., & Stanley, M. A. (2012). A randomized controlled trial of telephone-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy for late-life anxiety disorders. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 20(8), 707-716. doi:10.1097/JGP.0b013e31822ccd3e"
        },
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          "ref": "Butler, G., Fennell, M., Robson, P., & Gelder, M. (1991). Comparison of behavior therapy and cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 59(1), 167-175. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Durham, 1994",
          "ref": "Durham RC, Murphy T, Allan T, Richard K, Treliving LR, Fenton GW. Cognitive therapy, analytic psychotherapy and anxiety management training for generalised anxiety disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 1994;165(3):315-323. doi:10.1192/bjp.165.3.315"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2022",
          "ref": "Jiang SS, Liu XH, Han N, et al. Effects of group mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and group cognitive behavioural therapy on symptomatic generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled noninferiority trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2022;22(1):481. doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04127-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2010",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2014",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Orvati Aziz, 2020",
          "ref": "Orvati Aziz, M., Mehrinejad, S. A., Hashemian, K., & Paivastegar, M. (2020). Integrative therapy (short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy & cognitive-behavioral therapy) and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract, 39, 101122. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101122"
        },
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          "study": "Ost, 2000",
          "ref": "Ost LG, Breitholtz E. Applied relaxation vs. cognitive therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2000;38(8):777- 790. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00095-9"
        },
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          "ref": "Power, K. G., Jerrom, D. W. A., Simpson, R. J., Mitchell, M. J., & Swanson, V. (1989). A controlled comparison of Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy, Diazepam and Placebo in the management of generalized anxiety. Behavioural Psychotherapy, 17(1), 1-14. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L19077017"
        },
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          "ref": "Razali, Salmi & Aminah, Kassim & Khan, Umeed. (2002). Religious-Cultural Psychotherapy in the Management of Anxiety Patients. Transcultural Psychiatry - TRANSCULT PSYCHIATRY. 39. 130-136. 10.1177/136346150203900106."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ren, 2019",
          "ref": "Ren W, Qiu H, Yang Y, Zhu X, Zhu C, Mao G, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for depressive and anxiety symptoms in Chinese women with breast cancer. Psychiatry Research. 2019;271:52-9."
        },
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          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
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          "study": "de Almeida Sampaio, 2020",
          "ref": "de Almeida Sampaio TP, Jorge RC, Martins DS, Gandarela LM, Hayes-Skelton S, Bernik MA, Lotufo-Neto F. Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1179-1193. doi: 10.1002/da.23021. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32333486."
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        {
          "study": "Azhar, 1994",
          "ref": "Azhar MZ, Varma SL, Dharap AS. Religious psychotherapy in anxiety disorder patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1994 Jul;90(1):1-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01545.x. PMID: 7976440."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bakhshani, 2007",
          "ref": "Bakhshani, N. M., Lashkaripour, K., & Sadjadi, S. A. (2007). Effectiveness of short term cognitive behavior therapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Medical Sciences, 7(7), 1076-1081. doi:10.3923/jms.2007.1076.1081"
        },
        {
          "study": "Barlow, 1992",
          "ref": "Barlow, D. H., Rapee, R. M., & Brown, T. A. (1992). Behavioral treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 23(4), 551-570. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80221-7"
        },
        {
          "study": "Beidel, 2014",
          "ref": "Beidel, D. C., Alfano, C. A., Kofler, M. J., Rao, P. A., Scharfstein, L., & Wong Sarver, N. (2014). The impact of social skills training for social anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. J Anxiety Disord, 28(8), 908-918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.09.016 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1987",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Costello E. Efficacy of applied relaxation and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1993;61(4):611-619. doi:10.1037/0022- 006X.61.4.613"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bowman, 1997",
          "ref": "Bowman, D., Scogin, F., Floyd, M., Patton, E., & Gist, L. (1997). Efficacy of self-examination therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of counseling psychology, 44, 267-273. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.44.3.267"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenes, 2012",
          "ref": "Brenes, G. A., Miller, M. E., Williamson, J. D., McCall, W. V., Knudson, M., & Stanley, M. A. (2012). A randomized controlled trial of telephone-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy for late-life anxiety disorders. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 20(8), 707-716. doi:10.1097/JGP.0b013e31822ccd3e"
        },
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          "ref": "Butler, G., Fennell, M., Robson, P., & Gelder, M. (1991). Comparison of behavior therapy and cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 59(1), 167-175. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Durham, 1994",
          "ref": "Durham RC, Murphy T, Allan T, Richard K, Treliving LR, Fenton GW. Cognitive therapy, analytic psychotherapy and anxiety management training for generalised anxiety disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 1994;165(3):315-323. doi:10.1192/bjp.165.3.315"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2022",
          "ref": "Jiang SS, Liu XH, Han N, et al. Effects of group mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and group cognitive behavioural therapy on symptomatic generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled noninferiority trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2022;22(1):481. doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04127-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
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        {
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          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Linden, M., Zubraegel, D., Baer, T., Franke, U., & Schlattmann, P. (2005). Efficacy of cognitive behaviour therapy in generalized anxiety disorders. Results of a controlled clinical trial (Berlin CBT-GAD Study). Psychother Psychosom, 74(1), 36-42. doi:10.1159/000082025"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Orvati Aziz, M., Mehrinejad, S. A., Hashemian, K., & Paivastegar, M. (2020). Integrative therapy (short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy & cognitive-behavioral therapy) and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract, 39, 101122. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101122"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ost, 2000",
          "ref": "Ost LG, Breitholtz E. Applied relaxation vs. cognitive therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2000;38(8):777- 790. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00095-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ost, 2004",
          "ref": "Ost LG, Thulin U, Ramnero J. Cognitive behavior therapy vs exposure in vivo in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia (corrected from agrophobia). Behaviour research and therapy 2004;42(10):1105-27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Power, 1989",
          "ref": "Power, K. G., Jerrom, D. W. A., Simpson, R. J., Mitchell, M. J., & Swanson, V. (1989). A controlled comparison of Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy, Diazepam and Placebo in the management of generalized anxiety. Behavioural Psychotherapy, 17(1), 1-14. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L19077017"
        },
        {
          "study": "Razali, 2002",
          "ref": "Razali, Salmi & Aminah, Kassim & Khan, Umeed. (2002). Religious-Cultural Psychotherapy in the Management of Anxiety Patients. Transcultural Psychiatry - TRANSCULT PSYCHIATRY. 39. 130-136. 10.1177/136346150203900106."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ren, 2019",
          "ref": "Ren W, Qiu H, Yang Y, Zhu X, Zhu C, Mao G, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for depressive and anxiety symptoms in Chinese women with breast cancer. Psychiatry Research. 2019;271:52-9."
        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
        },
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          "study": "Wiborg, 1996",
          "ref": "Wiborg IM, Dahl AA. Does brief dynamic psychotherapy reduce the relapse rate of panic disorder? Archives of general psychiatry 1996;53(8):689-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "de Almeida Sampaio TP, Jorge RC, Martins DS, Gandarela LM, Hayes-Skelton S, Bernik MA, Lotufo-Neto F. Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1179-1193. doi: 10.1002/da.23021. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32333486."
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        },
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          "ref": "Jiang SS, Liu XH, Han N, et al. Effects of group mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and group cognitive behavioural therapy on symptomatic generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled noninferiority trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2022;22(1):481. doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04127-3"
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          "ref": "Ost LG, Breitholtz E. Applied relaxation vs. cognitive therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2000;38(8):777- 790. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00095-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ost, 2004",
          "ref": "Ost LG, Thulin U, Ramnero J. Cognitive behavior therapy vs exposure in vivo in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia (corrected from agrophobia). Behaviour research and therapy 2004;42(10):1105-27."
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          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
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          "ref": "Wiborg IM, Dahl AA. Does brief dynamic psychotherapy reduce the relapse rate of panic disorder? Archives of general psychiatry 1996;53(8):689-94."
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          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
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          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
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        },
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          "ref": "Ost LG, Breitholtz E. Applied relaxation vs. cognitive therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2000;38(8):777- 790. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00095-9"
        },
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          "study": "Ost, 2004",
          "ref": "Ost LG, Thulin U, Ramnero J. Cognitive behavior therapy vs exposure in vivo in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia (corrected from agrophobia). Behaviour research and therapy 2004;42(10):1105-27."
        },
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          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
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          "ref": "Power, K. G., Jerrom, D. W. A., Simpson, R. J., Mitchell, M. J., & Swanson, V. (1989). A controlled comparison of Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy, Diazepam and Placebo in the management of generalized anxiety. Behavioural Psychotherapy, 17(1), 1-14. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L19077017"
        },
        {
          "study": "Razali, 2002",
          "ref": "Razali, Salmi & Aminah, Kassim & Khan, Umeed. (2002). Religious-Cultural Psychotherapy in the Management of Anxiety Patients. Transcultural Psychiatry - TRANSCULT PSYCHIATRY. 39. 130-136. 10.1177/136346150203900106."
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          "ref": "Durham RC, Murphy T, Allan T, Richard K, Treliving LR, Fenton GW. Cognitive therapy, analytic psychotherapy and anxiety management training for generalised anxiety disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 1994;165(3):315-323. doi:10.1192/bjp.165.3.315"
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          "ref": "Jiang SS, Liu XH, Han N, et al. Effects of group mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and group cognitive behavioural therapy on symptomatic generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled noninferiority trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2022;22(1):481. doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04127-3"
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          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
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          "ref": "Jiang SS, Liu XH, Han N, et al. Effects of group mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and group cognitive behavioural therapy on symptomatic generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled noninferiority trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2022;22(1):481. doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04127-3"
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          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
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          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
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          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
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          "ref": "Ost LG, Breitholtz E. Applied relaxation vs. cognitive therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2000;38(8):777- 790. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00095-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ost, 2004",
          "ref": "Ost LG, Thulin U, Ramnero J. Cognitive behavior therapy vs exposure in vivo in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia (corrected from agrophobia). Behaviour research and therapy 2004;42(10):1105-27."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
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        },
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          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
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        {
          "study": "Azhar, 1994",
          "ref": "Azhar MZ, Varma SL, Dharap AS. Religious psychotherapy in anxiety disorder patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1994 Jul;90(1):1-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01545.x. PMID: 7976440."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bakhshani, 2007",
          "ref": "Bakhshani, N. M., Lashkaripour, K., & Sadjadi, S. A. (2007). Effectiveness of short term cognitive behavior therapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Medical Sciences, 7(7), 1076-1081. doi:10.3923/jms.2007.1076.1081"
        },
        {
          "study": "Barlow, 1992",
          "ref": "Barlow, D. H., Rapee, R. M., & Brown, T. A. (1992). Behavioral treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 23(4), 551-570. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80221-7"
        },
        {
          "study": "Beidel, 2014",
          "ref": "Beidel, D. C., Alfano, C. A., Kofler, M. J., Rao, P. A., Scharfstein, L., & Wong Sarver, N. (2014). The impact of social skills training for social anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. J Anxiety Disord, 28(8), 908-918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.09.016 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1987",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Costello E. Efficacy of applied relaxation and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1993;61(4):611-619. doi:10.1037/0022- 006X.61.4.613"
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bowman, 1997",
          "ref": "Bowman, D., Scogin, F., Floyd, M., Patton, E., & Gist, L. (1997). Efficacy of self-examination therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of counseling psychology, 44, 267-273. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.44.3.267"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenes, 2012",
          "ref": "Brenes, G. A., Miller, M. E., Williamson, J. D., McCall, W. V., Knudson, M., & Stanley, M. A. (2012). A randomized controlled trial of telephone-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy for late-life anxiety disorders. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 20(8), 707-716. doi:10.1097/JGP.0b013e31822ccd3e"
        },
        {
          "study": "Butler, 1991",
          "ref": "Butler, G., Fennell, M., Robson, P., & Gelder, M. (1991). Comparison of behavior therapy and cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 59(1), 167-175. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Durham, 1994",
          "ref": "Durham RC, Murphy T, Allan T, Richard K, Treliving LR, Fenton GW. Cognitive therapy, analytic psychotherapy and anxiety management training for generalised anxiety disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 1994;165(3):315-323. doi:10.1192/bjp.165.3.315"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2022",
          "ref": "Jiang SS, Liu XH, Han N, et al. Effects of group mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and group cognitive behavioural therapy on symptomatic generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled noninferiority trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2022;22(1):481. doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04127-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
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          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
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          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
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          "ref": "Ost LG, Thulin U, Ramnero J. Cognitive behavior therapy vs exposure in vivo in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia (corrected from agrophobia). Behaviour research and therapy 2004;42(10):1105-27."
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        {
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          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Razali, 2002",
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          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
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          "ref": "Azhar MZ, Varma SL, Dharap AS. Religious psychotherapy in anxiety disorder patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1994 Jul;90(1):1-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01545.x. PMID: 7976440."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bakhshani, 2007",
          "ref": "Bakhshani, N. M., Lashkaripour, K., & Sadjadi, S. A. (2007). Effectiveness of short term cognitive behavior therapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Medical Sciences, 7(7), 1076-1081. doi:10.3923/jms.2007.1076.1081"
        },
        {
          "study": "Barlow, 1992",
          "ref": "Barlow, D. H., Rapee, R. M., & Brown, T. A. (1992). Behavioral treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 23(4), 551-570. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80221-7"
        },
        {
          "study": "Beidel, 2014",
          "ref": "Beidel, D. C., Alfano, C. A., Kofler, M. J., Rao, P. A., Scharfstein, L., & Wong Sarver, N. (2014). The impact of social skills training for social anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. J Anxiety Disord, 28(8), 908-918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.09.016 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1987",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Costello E. Efficacy of applied relaxation and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1993;61(4):611-619. doi:10.1037/0022- 006X.61.4.613"
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bowman, 1997",
          "ref": "Bowman, D., Scogin, F., Floyd, M., Patton, E., & Gist, L. (1997). Efficacy of self-examination therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of counseling psychology, 44, 267-273. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.44.3.267"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenes, 2012",
          "ref": "Brenes, G. A., Miller, M. E., Williamson, J. D., McCall, W. V., Knudson, M., & Stanley, M. A. (2012). A randomized controlled trial of telephone-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy for late-life anxiety disorders. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 20(8), 707-716. doi:10.1097/JGP.0b013e31822ccd3e"
        },
        {
          "study": "Butler, 1991",
          "ref": "Butler, G., Fennell, M., Robson, P., & Gelder, M. (1991). Comparison of behavior therapy and cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 59(1), 167-175. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Durham, 1994",
          "ref": "Durham RC, Murphy T, Allan T, Richard K, Treliving LR, Fenton GW. Cognitive therapy, analytic psychotherapy and anxiety management training for generalised anxiety disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 1994;165(3):315-323. doi:10.1192/bjp.165.3.315"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2022",
          "ref": "Jiang SS, Liu XH, Han N, et al. Effects of group mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and group cognitive behavioural therapy on symptomatic generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled noninferiority trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2022;22(1):481. doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04127-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2010",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2014",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Linden, 2005",
          "ref": "Linden, M., Zubraegel, D., Baer, T., Franke, U., & Schlattmann, P. (2005). Efficacy of cognitive behaviour therapy in generalized anxiety disorders. Results of a controlled clinical trial (Berlin CBT-GAD Study). Psychother Psychosom, 74(1), 36-42. doi:10.1159/000082025"
        },
        {
          "study": "Orvati Aziz, 2020",
          "ref": "Orvati Aziz, M., Mehrinejad, S. A., Hashemian, K., & Paivastegar, M. (2020). Integrative therapy (short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy & cognitive-behavioral therapy) and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract, 39, 101122. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101122"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ost, 2000",
          "ref": "Ost LG, Breitholtz E. Applied relaxation vs. cognitive therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2000;38(8):777- 790. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00095-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ost, 2004",
          "ref": "Ost LG, Thulin U, Ramnero J. Cognitive behavior therapy vs exposure in vivo in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia (corrected from agrophobia). Behaviour research and therapy 2004;42(10):1105-27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Power, 1989",
          "ref": "Power, K. G., Jerrom, D. W. A., Simpson, R. J., Mitchell, M. J., & Swanson, V. (1989). A controlled comparison of Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy, Diazepam and Placebo in the management of generalized anxiety. Behavioural Psychotherapy, 17(1), 1-14. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L19077017"
        },
        {
          "study": "Razali, 2002",
          "ref": "Razali, Salmi & Aminah, Kassim & Khan, Umeed. (2002). Religious-Cultural Psychotherapy in the Management of Anxiety Patients. Transcultural Psychiatry - TRANSCULT PSYCHIATRY. 39. 130-136. 10.1177/136346150203900106."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ren, 2019",
          "ref": "Ren W, Qiu H, Yang Y, Zhu X, Zhu C, Mao G, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for depressive and anxiety symptoms in Chinese women with breast cancer. Psychiatry Research. 2019;271:52-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 1996",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2003",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wiborg, 1996",
          "ref": "Wiborg IM, Dahl AA. Does brief dynamic psychotherapy reduce the relapse rate of panic disorder? Archives of general psychiatry 1996;53(8):689-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "de Almeida Sampaio, 2020",
          "ref": "de Almeida Sampaio TP, Jorge RC, Martins DS, Gandarela LM, Hayes-Skelton S, Bernik MA, Lotufo-Neto F. Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1179-1193. doi: 10.1002/da.23021. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32333486."
        }
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        },
        {
          "study": "Bakhshani, 2007",
          "ref": "Bakhshani, N. M., Lashkaripour, K., & Sadjadi, S. A. (2007). Effectiveness of short term cognitive behavior therapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Medical Sciences, 7(7), 1076-1081. doi:10.3923/jms.2007.1076.1081"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Barlow, D. H., Rapee, R. M., & Brown, T. A. (1992). Behavioral treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 23(4), 551-570. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80221-7"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Beidel, D. C., Alfano, C. A., Kofler, M. J., Rao, P. A., Scharfstein, L., & Wong Sarver, N. (2014). The impact of social skills training for social anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. J Anxiety Disord, 28(8), 908-918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.09.016 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1987",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Costello E. Efficacy of applied relaxation and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1993;61(4):611-619. doi:10.1037/0022- 006X.61.4.613"
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Brenes, G. A., Miller, M. E., Williamson, J. D., McCall, W. V., Knudson, M., & Stanley, M. A. (2012). A randomized controlled trial of telephone-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy for late-life anxiety disorders. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 20(8), 707-716. doi:10.1097/JGP.0b013e31822ccd3e"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Butler, G., Fennell, M., Robson, P., & Gelder, M. (1991). Comparison of behavior therapy and cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 59(1), 167-175. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Durham, 1994",
          "ref": "Durham RC, Murphy T, Allan T, Richard K, Treliving LR, Fenton GW. Cognitive therapy, analytic psychotherapy and anxiety management training for generalised anxiety disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 1994;165(3):315-323. doi:10.1192/bjp.165.3.315"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2010",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Linden, 2005",
          "ref": "Linden, M., Zubraegel, D., Baer, T., Franke, U., & Schlattmann, P. (2005). Efficacy of cognitive behaviour therapy in generalized anxiety disorders. Results of a controlled clinical trial (Berlin CBT-GAD Study). Psychother Psychosom, 74(1), 36-42. doi:10.1159/000082025"
        },
        {
          "study": "Orvati Aziz, 2020",
          "ref": "Orvati Aziz, M., Mehrinejad, S. A., Hashemian, K., & Paivastegar, M. (2020). Integrative therapy (short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy & cognitive-behavioral therapy) and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract, 39, 101122. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101122"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ost, 2000",
          "ref": "Ost LG, Breitholtz E. Applied relaxation vs. cognitive therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2000;38(8):777- 790. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00095-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ost, 2004",
          "ref": "Ost LG, Thulin U, Ramnero J. Cognitive behavior therapy vs exposure in vivo in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia (corrected from agrophobia). Behaviour research and therapy 2004;42(10):1105-27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
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          "ref": "Power, K. G., Jerrom, D. W. A., Simpson, R. J., Mitchell, M. J., & Swanson, V. (1989). A controlled comparison of Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy, Diazepam and Placebo in the management of generalized anxiety. Behavioural Psychotherapy, 17(1), 1-14. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L19077017"
        },
        {
          "study": "Razali, 2002",
          "ref": "Razali, Salmi & Aminah, Kassim & Khan, Umeed. (2002). Religious-Cultural Psychotherapy in the Management of Anxiety Patients. Transcultural Psychiatry - TRANSCULT PSYCHIATRY. 39. 130-136. 10.1177/136346150203900106."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wiborg, 1996",
          "ref": "Wiborg IM, Dahl AA. Does brief dynamic psychotherapy reduce the relapse rate of panic disorder? Archives of general psychiatry 1996;53(8):689-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
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        {
          "study": "Azhar, 1994",
          "ref": "Azhar MZ, Varma SL, Dharap AS. Religious psychotherapy in anxiety disorder patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1994 Jul;90(1):1-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01545.x. PMID: 7976440."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bakhshani, 2007",
          "ref": "Bakhshani, N. M., Lashkaripour, K., & Sadjadi, S. A. (2007). Effectiveness of short term cognitive behavior therapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Medical Sciences, 7(7), 1076-1081. doi:10.3923/jms.2007.1076.1081"
        },
        {
          "study": "Barlow, 1992",
          "ref": "Barlow, D. H., Rapee, R. M., & Brown, T. A. (1992). Behavioral treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 23(4), 551-570. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80221-7"
        },
        {
          "study": "Beidel, 2014",
          "ref": "Beidel, D. C., Alfano, C. A., Kofler, M. J., Rao, P. A., Scharfstein, L., & Wong Sarver, N. (2014). The impact of social skills training for social anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. J Anxiety Disord, 28(8), 908-918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.09.016 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1987",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Costello E. Efficacy of applied relaxation and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1993;61(4):611-619. doi:10.1037/0022- 006X.61.4.613"
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bowman, 1997",
          "ref": "Bowman, D., Scogin, F., Floyd, M., Patton, E., & Gist, L. (1997). Efficacy of self-examination therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of counseling psychology, 44, 267-273. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.44.3.267"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenes, 2012",
          "ref": "Brenes, G. A., Miller, M. E., Williamson, J. D., McCall, W. V., Knudson, M., & Stanley, M. A. (2012). A randomized controlled trial of telephone-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy for late-life anxiety disorders. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 20(8), 707-716. doi:10.1097/JGP.0b013e31822ccd3e"
        },
        {
          "study": "Butler, 1991",
          "ref": "Butler, G., Fennell, M., Robson, P., & Gelder, M. (1991). Comparison of behavior therapy and cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 59(1), 167-175. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Durham, 1994",
          "ref": "Durham RC, Murphy T, Allan T, Richard K, Treliving LR, Fenton GW. Cognitive therapy, analytic psychotherapy and anxiety management training for generalised anxiety disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 1994;165(3):315-323. doi:10.1192/bjp.165.3.315"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2022",
          "ref": "Jiang SS, Liu XH, Han N, et al. Effects of group mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and group cognitive behavioural therapy on symptomatic generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled noninferiority trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2022;22(1):481. doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04127-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2010",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2014",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Linden, 2005",
          "ref": "Linden, M., Zubraegel, D., Baer, T., Franke, U., & Schlattmann, P. (2005). Efficacy of cognitive behaviour therapy in generalized anxiety disorders. Results of a controlled clinical trial (Berlin CBT-GAD Study). Psychother Psychosom, 74(1), 36-42. doi:10.1159/000082025"
        },
        {
          "study": "Orvati Aziz, 2020",
          "ref": "Orvati Aziz, M., Mehrinejad, S. A., Hashemian, K., & Paivastegar, M. (2020). Integrative therapy (short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy & cognitive-behavioral therapy) and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract, 39, 101122. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101122"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ost, 2000",
          "ref": "Ost LG, Breitholtz E. Applied relaxation vs. cognitive therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2000;38(8):777- 790. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00095-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ost, 2004",
          "ref": "Ost LG, Thulin U, Ramnero J. Cognitive behavior therapy vs exposure in vivo in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia (corrected from agrophobia). Behaviour research and therapy 2004;42(10):1105-27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Power, 1989",
          "ref": "Power, K. G., Jerrom, D. W. A., Simpson, R. J., Mitchell, M. J., & Swanson, V. (1989). A controlled comparison of Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy, Diazepam and Placebo in the management of generalized anxiety. Behavioural Psychotherapy, 17(1), 1-14. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L19077017"
        },
        {
          "study": "Razali, 2002",
          "ref": "Razali, Salmi & Aminah, Kassim & Khan, Umeed. (2002). Religious-Cultural Psychotherapy in the Management of Anxiety Patients. Transcultural Psychiatry - TRANSCULT PSYCHIATRY. 39. 130-136. 10.1177/136346150203900106."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ren, 2019",
          "ref": "Ren W, Qiu H, Yang Y, Zhu X, Zhu C, Mao G, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for depressive and anxiety symptoms in Chinese women with breast cancer. Psychiatry Research. 2019;271:52-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 1996",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
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        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2003",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wiborg, 1996",
          "ref": "Wiborg IM, Dahl AA. Does brief dynamic psychotherapy reduce the relapse rate of panic disorder? Archives of general psychiatry 1996;53(8):689-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
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          "ref": "de Almeida Sampaio TP, Jorge RC, Martins DS, Gandarela LM, Hayes-Skelton S, Bernik MA, Lotufo-Neto F. Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1179-1193. doi: 10.1002/da.23021. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32333486."
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        {
          "study": "Azhar, 1994",
          "ref": "Azhar MZ, Varma SL, Dharap AS. Religious psychotherapy in anxiety disorder patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1994 Jul;90(1):1-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01545.x. PMID: 7976440."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barlow, 1992",
          "ref": "Barlow, D. H., Rapee, R. M., & Brown, T. A. (1992). Behavioral treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 23(4), 551-570. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80221-7"
        },
        {
          "study": "Beidel, 2014",
          "ref": "Beidel, D. C., Alfano, C. A., Kofler, M. J., Rao, P. A., Scharfstein, L., & Wong Sarver, N. (2014). The impact of social skills training for social anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. J Anxiety Disord, 28(8), 908-918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.09.016 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1987",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Costello E. Efficacy of applied relaxation and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1993;61(4):611-619. doi:10.1037/0022- 006X.61.4.613"
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bowman, 1997",
          "ref": "Bowman, D., Scogin, F., Floyd, M., Patton, E., & Gist, L. (1997). Efficacy of self-examination therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of counseling psychology, 44, 267-273. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.44.3.267"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenes, 2012",
          "ref": "Brenes, G. A., Miller, M. E., Williamson, J. D., McCall, W. V., Knudson, M., & Stanley, M. A. (2012). A randomized controlled trial of telephone-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy for late-life anxiety disorders. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 20(8), 707-716. doi:10.1097/JGP.0b013e31822ccd3e"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Butler, G., Fennell, M., Robson, P., & Gelder, M. (1991). Comparison of behavior therapy and cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 59(1), 167-175. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Durham, 1994",
          "ref": "Durham RC, Murphy T, Allan T, Richard K, Treliving LR, Fenton GW. Cognitive therapy, analytic psychotherapy and anxiety management training for generalised anxiety disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 1994;165(3):315-323. doi:10.1192/bjp.165.3.315"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2022",
          "ref": "Jiang SS, Liu XH, Han N, et al. Effects of group mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and group cognitive behavioural therapy on symptomatic generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled noninferiority trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2022;22(1):481. doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04127-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2010",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2014",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Linden, 2005",
          "ref": "Linden, M., Zubraegel, D., Baer, T., Franke, U., & Schlattmann, P. (2005). Efficacy of cognitive behaviour therapy in generalized anxiety disorders. Results of a controlled clinical trial (Berlin CBT-GAD Study). Psychother Psychosom, 74(1), 36-42. doi:10.1159/000082025"
        },
        {
          "study": "Orvati Aziz, 2020",
          "ref": "Orvati Aziz, M., Mehrinejad, S. A., Hashemian, K., & Paivastegar, M. (2020). Integrative therapy (short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy & cognitive-behavioral therapy) and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract, 39, 101122. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101122"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ost, 2000",
          "ref": "Ost LG, Breitholtz E. Applied relaxation vs. cognitive therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2000;38(8):777- 790. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00095-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Power, 1989",
          "ref": "Power, K. G., Jerrom, D. W. A., Simpson, R. J., Mitchell, M. J., & Swanson, V. (1989). A controlled comparison of Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy, Diazepam and Placebo in the management of generalized anxiety. Behavioural Psychotherapy, 17(1), 1-14. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L19077017"
        },
        {
          "study": "Razali, 2002",
          "ref": "Razali, Salmi & Aminah, Kassim & Khan, Umeed. (2002). Religious-Cultural Psychotherapy in the Management of Anxiety Patients. Transcultural Psychiatry - TRANSCULT PSYCHIATRY. 39. 130-136. 10.1177/136346150203900106."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ren, 2019",
          "ref": "Ren W, Qiu H, Yang Y, Zhu X, Zhu C, Mao G, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for depressive and anxiety symptoms in Chinese women with breast cancer. Psychiatry Research. 2019;271:52-9."
        },
        {
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        },
        {
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          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
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          "ref": "de Almeida Sampaio TP, Jorge RC, Martins DS, Gandarela LM, Hayes-Skelton S, Bernik MA, Lotufo-Neto F. Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1179-1193. doi: 10.1002/da.23021. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32333486."
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        {
          "study": "Azhar, 1994",
          "ref": "Azhar MZ, Varma SL, Dharap AS. Religious psychotherapy in anxiety disorder patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1994 Jul;90(1):1-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01545.x. PMID: 7976440."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bakhshani, 2007",
          "ref": "Bakhshani, N. M., Lashkaripour, K., & Sadjadi, S. A. (2007). Effectiveness of short term cognitive behavior therapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Medical Sciences, 7(7), 1076-1081. doi:10.3923/jms.2007.1076.1081"
        },
        {
          "study": "Barlow, 1992",
          "ref": "Barlow, D. H., Rapee, R. M., & Brown, T. A. (1992). Behavioral treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 23(4), 551-570. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80221-7"
        },
        {
          "study": "Beidel, 2014",
          "ref": "Beidel, D. C., Alfano, C. A., Kofler, M. J., Rao, P. A., Scharfstein, L., & Wong Sarver, N. (2014). The impact of social skills training for social anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. J Anxiety Disord, 28(8), 908-918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.09.016 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1987",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Costello E. Efficacy of applied relaxation and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1993;61(4):611-619. doi:10.1037/0022- 006X.61.4.613"
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bowman, 1997",
          "ref": "Bowman, D., Scogin, F., Floyd, M., Patton, E., & Gist, L. (1997). Efficacy of self-examination therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of counseling psychology, 44, 267-273. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.44.3.267"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenes, 2012",
          "ref": "Brenes, G. A., Miller, M. E., Williamson, J. D., McCall, W. V., Knudson, M., & Stanley, M. A. (2012). A randomized controlled trial of telephone-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy for late-life anxiety disorders. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 20(8), 707-716. doi:10.1097/JGP.0b013e31822ccd3e"
        },
        {
          "study": "Butler, 1991",
          "ref": "Butler, G., Fennell, M., Robson, P., & Gelder, M. (1991). Comparison of behavior therapy and cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 59(1), 167-175. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Durham, 1994",
          "ref": "Durham RC, Murphy T, Allan T, Richard K, Treliving LR, Fenton GW. Cognitive therapy, analytic psychotherapy and anxiety management training for generalised anxiety disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 1994;165(3):315-323. doi:10.1192/bjp.165.3.315"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2022",
          "ref": "Jiang SS, Liu XH, Han N, et al. Effects of group mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and group cognitive behavioural therapy on symptomatic generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled noninferiority trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2022;22(1):481. doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04127-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2010",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2014",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Linden, 2005",
          "ref": "Linden, M., Zubraegel, D., Baer, T., Franke, U., & Schlattmann, P. (2005). Efficacy of cognitive behaviour therapy in generalized anxiety disorders. Results of a controlled clinical trial (Berlin CBT-GAD Study). Psychother Psychosom, 74(1), 36-42. doi:10.1159/000082025"
        },
        {
          "study": "Orvati Aziz, 2020",
          "ref": "Orvati Aziz, M., Mehrinejad, S. A., Hashemian, K., & Paivastegar, M. (2020). Integrative therapy (short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy & cognitive-behavioral therapy) and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract, 39, 101122. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101122"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ost, 2000",
          "ref": "Ost LG, Breitholtz E. Applied relaxation vs. cognitive therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2000;38(8):777- 790. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00095-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ost, 2004",
          "ref": "Ost LG, Thulin U, Ramnero J. Cognitive behavior therapy vs exposure in vivo in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia (corrected from agrophobia). Behaviour research and therapy 2004;42(10):1105-27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Power, 1989",
          "ref": "Power, K. G., Jerrom, D. W. A., Simpson, R. J., Mitchell, M. J., & Swanson, V. (1989). A controlled comparison of Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy, Diazepam and Placebo in the management of generalized anxiety. Behavioural Psychotherapy, 17(1), 1-14. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L19077017"
        },
        {
          "study": "Razali, 2002",
          "ref": "Razali, Salmi & Aminah, Kassim & Khan, Umeed. (2002). Religious-Cultural Psychotherapy in the Management of Anxiety Patients. Transcultural Psychiatry - TRANSCULT PSYCHIATRY. 39. 130-136. 10.1177/136346150203900106."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ren, 2019",
          "ref": "Ren W, Qiu H, Yang Y, Zhu X, Zhu C, Mao G, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for depressive and anxiety symptoms in Chinese women with breast cancer. Psychiatry Research. 2019;271:52-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 1996",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2003",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wiborg, 1996",
          "ref": "Wiborg IM, Dahl AA. Does brief dynamic psychotherapy reduce the relapse rate of panic disorder? Archives of general psychiatry 1996;53(8):689-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "de Almeida Sampaio, 2020",
          "ref": "de Almeida Sampaio TP, Jorge RC, Martins DS, Gandarela LM, Hayes-Skelton S, Bernik MA, Lotufo-Neto F. Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1179-1193. doi: 10.1002/da.23021. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32333486."
        }
      ]
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    {
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          "ref": "Butler, G., Fennell, M., Robson, P., & Gelder, M. (1991). Comparison of behavior therapy and cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 59(1), 167-175. "
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          "ref": "Jiang SS, Liu XH, Han N, et al. Effects of group mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and group cognitive behavioural therapy on symptomatic generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled noninferiority trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2022;22(1):481. doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04127-3"
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          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
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          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
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        },
        {
          "study": "Orvati Aziz, 2020",
          "ref": "Orvati Aziz, M., Mehrinejad, S. A., Hashemian, K., & Paivastegar, M. (2020). Integrative therapy (short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy & cognitive-behavioral therapy) and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract, 39, 101122. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101122"
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          "ref": "Razali, Salmi & Aminah, Kassim & Khan, Umeed. (2002). Religious-Cultural Psychotherapy in the Management of Anxiety Patients. Transcultural Psychiatry - TRANSCULT PSYCHIATRY. 39. 130-136. 10.1177/136346150203900106."
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          "ref": "Ren W, Qiu H, Yang Y, Zhu X, Zhu C, Mao G, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for depressive and anxiety symptoms in Chinese women with breast cancer. Psychiatry Research. 2019;271:52-9."
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          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
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          "ref": "Bowman, D., Scogin, F., Floyd, M., Patton, E., & Gist, L. (1997). Efficacy of self-examination therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of counseling psychology, 44, 267-273. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.44.3.267"
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          "ref": "Durham RC, Murphy T, Allan T, Richard K, Treliving LR, Fenton GW. Cognitive therapy, analytic psychotherapy and anxiety management training for generalised anxiety disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 1994;165(3):315-323. doi:10.1192/bjp.165.3.315"
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          "ref": "Ost LG, Breitholtz E. Applied relaxation vs. cognitive therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2000;38(8):777- 790. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00095-9"
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          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
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          "ref": "Razali, Salmi & Aminah, Kassim & Khan, Umeed. (2002). Religious-Cultural Psychotherapy in the Management of Anxiety Patients. Transcultural Psychiatry - TRANSCULT PSYCHIATRY. 39. 130-136. 10.1177/136346150203900106."
        },
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          "study": "Ren, 2019",
          "ref": "Ren W, Qiu H, Yang Y, Zhu X, Zhu C, Mao G, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for depressive and anxiety symptoms in Chinese women with breast cancer. Psychiatry Research. 2019;271:52-9."
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          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
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          "study": "Azhar, 1994",
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        {
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          "ref": "Bakhshani, N. M., Lashkaripour, K., & Sadjadi, S. A. (2007). Effectiveness of short term cognitive behavior therapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Medical Sciences, 7(7), 1076-1081. doi:10.3923/jms.2007.1076.1081"
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          "ref": "Barlow, D. H., Rapee, R. M., & Brown, T. A. (1992). Behavioral treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 23(4), 551-570. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80221-7"
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          "ref": "Beidel, D. C., Alfano, C. A., Kofler, M. J., Rao, P. A., Scharfstein, L., & Wong Sarver, N. (2014). The impact of social skills training for social anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. J Anxiety Disord, 28(8), 908-918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.09.016 "
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          "ref": "Bowman, D., Scogin, F., Floyd, M., Patton, E., & Gist, L. (1997). Efficacy of self-examination therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of counseling psychology, 44, 267-273. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.44.3.267"
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          "ref": "Butler, G., Fennell, M., Robson, P., & Gelder, M. (1991). Comparison of behavior therapy and cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 59(1), 167-175. "
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          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
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        {
          "study": "Durham, 1994",
          "ref": "Durham RC, Murphy T, Allan T, Richard K, Treliving LR, Fenton GW. Cognitive therapy, analytic psychotherapy and anxiety management training for generalised anxiety disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 1994;165(3):315-323. doi:10.1192/bjp.165.3.315"
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        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
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          "ref": "Ost LG, Breitholtz E. Applied relaxation vs. cognitive therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2000;38(8):777- 790. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00095-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ost, 2004",
          "ref": "Ost LG, Thulin U, Ramnero J. Cognitive behavior therapy vs exposure in vivo in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia (corrected from agrophobia). Behaviour research and therapy 2004;42(10):1105-27."
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        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
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          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Costello E. Efficacy of applied relaxation and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1993;61(4):611-619. doi:10.1037/0022- 006X.61.4.613"
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          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
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          "ref": "Bowman, D., Scogin, F., Floyd, M., Patton, E., & Gist, L. (1997). Efficacy of self-examination therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of counseling psychology, 44, 267-273. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.44.3.267"
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          "ref": "Butler, G., Fennell, M., Robson, P., & Gelder, M. (1991). Comparison of behavior therapy and cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 59(1), 167-175. "
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          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
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          "ref": "Durham RC, Murphy T, Allan T, Richard K, Treliving LR, Fenton GW. Cognitive therapy, analytic psychotherapy and anxiety management training for generalised anxiety disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 1994;165(3):315-323. doi:10.1192/bjp.165.3.315"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
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          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
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        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Linden, 2005",
          "ref": "Linden, M., Zubraegel, D., Baer, T., Franke, U., & Schlattmann, P. (2005). Efficacy of cognitive behaviour therapy in generalized anxiety disorders. Results of a controlled clinical trial (Berlin CBT-GAD Study). Psychother Psychosom, 74(1), 36-42. doi:10.1159/000082025"
        },
        {
          "study": "Orvati Aziz, 2020",
          "ref": "Orvati Aziz, M., Mehrinejad, S. A., Hashemian, K., & Paivastegar, M. (2020). Integrative therapy (short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy & cognitive-behavioral therapy) and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract, 39, 101122. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101122"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ost, 2000",
          "ref": "Ost LG, Breitholtz E. Applied relaxation vs. cognitive therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2000;38(8):777- 790. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00095-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ost, 2004",
          "ref": "Ost LG, Thulin U, Ramnero J. Cognitive behavior therapy vs exposure in vivo in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia (corrected from agrophobia). Behaviour research and therapy 2004;42(10):1105-27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Power, 1989",
          "ref": "Power, K. G., Jerrom, D. W. A., Simpson, R. J., Mitchell, M. J., & Swanson, V. (1989). A controlled comparison of Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy, Diazepam and Placebo in the management of generalized anxiety. Behavioural Psychotherapy, 17(1), 1-14. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L19077017"
        },
        {
          "study": "Razali, 2002",
          "ref": "Razali, Salmi & Aminah, Kassim & Khan, Umeed. (2002). Religious-Cultural Psychotherapy in the Management of Anxiety Patients. Transcultural Psychiatry - TRANSCULT PSYCHIATRY. 39. 130-136. 10.1177/136346150203900106."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ren, 2019",
          "ref": "Ren W, Qiu H, Yang Y, Zhu X, Zhu C, Mao G, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for depressive and anxiety symptoms in Chinese women with breast cancer. Psychiatry Research. 2019;271:52-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 1996",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2003",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wiborg, 1996",
          "ref": "Wiborg IM, Dahl AA. Does brief dynamic psychotherapy reduce the relapse rate of panic disorder? Archives of general psychiatry 1996;53(8):689-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "de Almeida Sampaio, 2020",
          "ref": "de Almeida Sampaio TP, Jorge RC, Martins DS, Gandarela LM, Hayes-Skelton S, Bernik MA, Lotufo-Neto F. Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1179-1193. doi: 10.1002/da.23021. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32333486."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "full": "Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Not low risk of bias",
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      "k": 31,
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      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Azhar, 1994",
          "ref": "Azhar MZ, Varma SL, Dharap AS. Religious psychotherapy in anxiety disorder patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1994 Jul;90(1):1-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01545.x. PMID: 7976440."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bakhshani, 2007",
          "ref": "Bakhshani, N. M., Lashkaripour, K., & Sadjadi, S. A. (2007). Effectiveness of short term cognitive behavior therapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Medical Sciences, 7(7), 1076-1081. doi:10.3923/jms.2007.1076.1081"
        },
        {
          "study": "Barlow, 1992",
          "ref": "Barlow, D. H., Rapee, R. M., & Brown, T. A. (1992). Behavioral treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 23(4), 551-570. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80221-7"
        },
        {
          "study": "Beidel, 2014",
          "ref": "Beidel, D. C., Alfano, C. A., Kofler, M. J., Rao, P. A., Scharfstein, L., & Wong Sarver, N. (2014). The impact of social skills training for social anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. J Anxiety Disord, 28(8), 908-918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.09.016 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1987",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Costello E. Efficacy of applied relaxation and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1993;61(4):611-619. doi:10.1037/0022- 006X.61.4.613"
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bowman, 1997",
          "ref": "Bowman, D., Scogin, F., Floyd, M., Patton, E., & Gist, L. (1997). Efficacy of self-examination therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of counseling psychology, 44, 267-273. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.44.3.267"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenes, 2012",
          "ref": "Brenes, G. A., Miller, M. E., Williamson, J. D., McCall, W. V., Knudson, M., & Stanley, M. A. (2012). A randomized controlled trial of telephone-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy for late-life anxiety disorders. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 20(8), 707-716. doi:10.1097/JGP.0b013e31822ccd3e"
        },
        {
          "study": "Butler, 1991",
          "ref": "Butler, G., Fennell, M., Robson, P., & Gelder, M. (1991). Comparison of behavior therapy and cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 59(1), 167-175. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Durham, 1994",
          "ref": "Durham RC, Murphy T, Allan T, Richard K, Treliving LR, Fenton GW. Cognitive therapy, analytic psychotherapy and anxiety management training for generalised anxiety disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 1994;165(3):315-323. doi:10.1192/bjp.165.3.315"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jiang, 2022",
          "ref": "Jiang SS, Liu XH, Han N, et al. Effects of group mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and group cognitive behavioural therapy on symptomatic generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled noninferiority trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2022;22(1):481. doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04127-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2010",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2014",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Linden, 2005",
          "ref": "Linden, M., Zubraegel, D., Baer, T., Franke, U., & Schlattmann, P. (2005). Efficacy of cognitive behaviour therapy in generalized anxiety disorders. Results of a controlled clinical trial (Berlin CBT-GAD Study). Psychother Psychosom, 74(1), 36-42. doi:10.1159/000082025"
        },
        {
          "study": "Orvati Aziz, 2020",
          "ref": "Orvati Aziz, M., Mehrinejad, S. A., Hashemian, K., & Paivastegar, M. (2020). Integrative therapy (short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy & cognitive-behavioral therapy) and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract, 39, 101122. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101122"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ost, 2000",
          "ref": "Ost LG, Breitholtz E. Applied relaxation vs. cognitive therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2000;38(8):777- 790. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00095-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ost, 2004",
          "ref": "Ost LG, Thulin U, Ramnero J. Cognitive behavior therapy vs exposure in vivo in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia (corrected from agrophobia). Behaviour research and therapy 2004;42(10):1105-27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Power, 1989",
          "ref": "Power, K. G., Jerrom, D. W. A., Simpson, R. J., Mitchell, M. J., & Swanson, V. (1989). A controlled comparison of Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy, Diazepam and Placebo in the management of generalized anxiety. Behavioural Psychotherapy, 17(1), 1-14. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L19077017"
        },
        {
          "study": "Razali, 2002",
          "ref": "Razali, Salmi & Aminah, Kassim & Khan, Umeed. (2002). Religious-Cultural Psychotherapy in the Management of Anxiety Patients. Transcultural Psychiatry - TRANSCULT PSYCHIATRY. 39. 130-136. 10.1177/136346150203900106."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ren, 2019",
          "ref": "Ren W, Qiu H, Yang Y, Zhu X, Zhu C, Mao G, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for depressive and anxiety symptoms in Chinese women with breast cancer. Psychiatry Research. 2019;271:52-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 1996",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2003",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wiborg, 1996",
          "ref": "Wiborg IM, Dahl AA. Does brief dynamic psychotherapy reduce the relapse rate of panic disorder? Archives of general psychiatry 1996;53(8):689-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "de Almeida Sampaio, 2020",
          "ref": "de Almeida Sampaio TP, Jorge RC, Martins DS, Gandarela LM, Hayes-Skelton S, Bernik MA, Lotufo-Neto F. Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1179-1193. doi: 10.1002/da.23021. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32333486."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "k_es": 5,
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      "i2": 94.6,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ren, 2019",
          "ref": "Ren W, Qiu H, Yang Y, Zhu X, Zhu C, Mao G, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for depressive and anxiety symptoms in Chinese women with breast cancer. Psychiatry Research. 2019;271:52-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "HDRS-17",
      "full": "Hamilton Depression Rating Scale - 17 item version",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
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      "k_es": 5,
      "sd": 4.813,
      "lo": 3.461,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ren, 2019",
          "ref": "Ren W, Qiu H, Yang Y, Zhu X, Zhu C, Mao G, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for depressive and anxiety symptoms in Chinese women with breast cancer. Psychiatry Research. 2019;271:52-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 910,
      "instr": "HDRS-17",
      "full": "Hamilton Depression Rating Scale - 17 item version",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 89,
      "k_es": 121,
      "sd": 6.008,
      "lo": 5.627,
      "hi": 6.416,
      "tau2": 0.0896,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.329,
      "phi": 10.843,
      "i2": 93.8,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Aguilar-Raab, 2023",
          "ref": "Aguilar-Raab C, Winter F, Warth M, Stoffel M, Moessner M, Hernández C, et al. A compassion-based treatment for couples with the female partner suffering from current depressive disorder: A randomized-controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2023;342:127-38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Amano, 2023",
          "ref": "Amano, M., Katayama, N., Umeda, S., Terasawa, Y., Tabuchi, H., Kikuchi, T., . . . Nakagawa, A. (2023). The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on future thinking in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.997154"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Arean, 1993",
          "ref": "Arean PA, Perri MG, Nezu AM, Schein RL, Christopher F, Joseph TX. Comparative effectiveness of social problem-solving therapy and reminiscence therapy as treatments for depression in older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1993;61(6):1003-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Baumeister, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumeister, H., Paganini, S., Sander, L. B., Lin, J., Schlicker, S., Terhorst, Y., Moshagen, M., Bengel, J., Lehr, D., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effectiveness of a Guided Internet- and Mobile-Based Intervention for Patients with Chronic Back Pain and Depression (WARD-BP): A Multicenter, Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 90(4), 255-268. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511881"
        },
        {
          "study": "Beevers, 2017",
          "ref": "Beevers, C., Pearson, R., Hoffman, J., Foulser, A., Shumake, J., & Meyer, B. (2017). Effectiveness of an internet intervention (Deprexis) for depression in a united states adult sample: a parallel-group pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(4), 367-380."
        },
        {
          "study": "Berman, 2022",
          "ref": "Berman, M. I., Park, J., Kragenbrink, M. E., & Hegel, M. T. (2022). Accept Yourself! A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Self-Acceptance-Based Treatment for Large-Bodied Women With Depression. Behav Ther, 53(5), 913-926. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.03.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carr, 2017",
          "ref": "Carr, A., Finnegan, L., Griffin, E., Cotter, P., & Hyland, A. (2017). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Say Yes to Life (SYTL) Positive Psychology Group Psychotherapy Program for Depression: An Interim Report. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 47(3), 153-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chan, 2012",
          "ref": "Chan AS, Wong QY, Sze SL, Kwong PP, Han YM, Cheung MC. A Chinese Chan-based mind-body intervention for patients with depression. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2012;142(1-3):283-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cukor, 2014",
          "ref": "Cukor, D., Ver Halen, N., Asher, D. R., Coplan, J. D., Weedon, J., Wyka, K. E., . . . Kimmel, P. L. (2014). Psychosocial intervention improves depression, quality of life, and fluid adherence in hemodialysis. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 25(1), 196-206. doi:https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2012111134"
        },
        {
          "study": "De Jong, 2018",
          "ref": "De Jong M, Peeters F, Gard T, et al. A randomized controlled pilot study on mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for unipolar depression in patients with chronic pain. Journal of clinical psychiatry 2018; 79(1): 26‐34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Desautels, 2018",
          "ref": "Desautels, C., Savard, J., Ivers, H., Savard, M. H., & Caplette-Gingras, A. (2018). Treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive therapy and bright light therapy [Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial]. Health Psychology, 37(1), 1‐13. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000539"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dimidjian, 2006",
          "ref": "Dimidjian S, Hollon SD, Dobson KS, Schmaling KB, Kohlenberg RJ, Addis ME, et al. Randomized trial of behavioral activation, cognitive therapy, and antidepressant medication in the acute treatment of adults with major depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2006;74(4):658-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dindo, 2020",
          "ref": "Dindo, L. N., Recober, A., Calarge, C. A., Zimmerman, B. M., Weinrib, A., Marchman, J. N., & Turvey, C. (2019). One-Day Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Compared to Support for Depressed Migraine Patients: a Randomized Clinical Trial. Neurotherapeutics. doi:10.1007/s13311-019-00818-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dobkin, 2011",
          "ref": "Dobkin RD, Menza M, Allen LA, Gara MA, Mark MH, Tiu J, et al. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression in Parkinson's disease: A randomized, controlled trial. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2011;168(10):1066-74."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dobkin, 2020",
          "ref": "Dobkin RD, Mann SL, Gara MA, Interian A, Rodriguez KM, Menza M. Telephone-based cognitive behavioral therapy for depression in Parkinson disease: A randomized controlled trial. Neurology. 2020;94(16):e1764-e1773."
        },
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "k": 89,
      "k_es": 121,
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      "refs": [
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "full": "Hamilton Depression Rating Scale - 17 item version",
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      "k": 3,
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      "tau2w": 0.0068,
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      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ren, 2019",
          "ref": "Ren W, Qiu H, Yang Y, Zhu X, Zhu C, Mao G, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for depressive and anxiety symptoms in Chinese women with breast cancer. Psychiatry Research. 2019;271:52-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        }
      ]
    },
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      "k": 3,
      "k_es": 5,
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      "tau2w": 0.0068,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ren, 2019",
          "ref": "Ren W, Qiu H, Yang Y, Zhu X, Zhu C, Mao G, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for depressive and anxiety symptoms in Chinese women with breast cancer. Psychiatry Research. 2019;271:52-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "HDRS-17",
      "full": "Hamilton Depression Rating Scale - 17 item version",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
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      "k": 89,
      "k_es": 121,
      "sd": 6.008,
      "lo": 5.621,
      "hi": 6.42,
      "tau2": 0.0853,
      "tau2w": 0.0046,
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      "phi": 10.853,
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        {
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 915,
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      "full": "Hamilton Depression Rating Scale - 17 item version",
      "indication": null,
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      "model": "Three-level CHE model",
      "k": 89,
      "k_es": 121,
      "sd": 6.008,
      "lo": 5.621,
      "hi": 6.42,
      "tau2": 0.0853,
      "tau2w": 0.0046,
      "plo": 3.325,
      "phi": 10.853,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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        }
      ]
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          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Ren, 2019",
          "ref": "Ren W, Qiu H, Yang Y, Zhu X, Zhu C, Mao G, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for depressive and anxiety symptoms in Chinese women with breast cancer. Psychiatry Research. 2019;271:52-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
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      "refs": [
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "indication": null,
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      "model": "Fixed-effect",
      "k": 89,
      "k_es": 121,
      "sd": 6.132,
      "lo": 6.036,
      "hi": 6.23,
      "tau2": null,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": null,
      "phi": null,
      "i2": 93,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
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        }
      ]
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        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ren, 2019",
          "ref": "Ren W, Qiu H, Yang Y, Zhu X, Zhu C, Mao G, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for depressive and anxiety symptoms in Chinese women with breast cancer. Psychiatry Research. 2019;271:52-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
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        {
          "study": "Freedland, 2009",
          "ref": "Freedland KE, Skala JA, Carney RM, Rubin EH, Lustman PJ, D·vila-Rom·n VG, et al. Treatment of depression after coronary artery bypass surgery: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2009;66(4):387-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freedland, 2015",
          "ref": "Freedland KE, Carney RM, Rich MW, Steinmeyer BC, Rubin EH. Cognitive behavior therapy for depression and self-care in heart failure patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2015;175(11):1773-82."
        },
        {
          "study": "Harley, 2008",
          "ref": "Harley R, Sprich S, Safren S, Jacobo M, Fava M. Adaptation of dialectical behavior therapy skills training group for treatment-resistant depression. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 2008;196(2):136-43."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hemanny, 2019",
          "ref": "Hemanny, C., Carvalho, C., Maia, N., Reis, D., Botelho, A. C., Bonavides, D., . . . De Oliveira, I. R. (2019). Efficacy of trial-based cognitive therapy, behavioral activation and treatment as usual in the treatment of major depressive disorder: Preliminary findings from a randomized clinical trial. CNS Spectrums. doi:10.1017/S1092852919001457"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hummel, 2017",
          "ref": "Hummel, J., Weisbrod, C., Boesch, L., Himpler, K., Hauer, K., Hautzinger, M., . . . Kopf, D. (2017). AIDE–Acute Illness and Depression in Elderly Patients. Cognitive Behavioral Group Psychotherapy in Geriatric Patients With Comorbid Depression: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Journal of the american medical directors association, 18(4), 341-349."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2017",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Zulqernain, F., Carter, L.-A., Chaudhry, I., Fatima, B., Kiran, T., . . . Rahman, A. (2017). Treatment of maternal depression in urban slums of Karachi, Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an integrated maternal psychological and early child development intervention. Asian journal of psychiatry, 29, 63-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jelinek, 2016",
          "ref": "Jelinek L, Hauschildt M, Wittekind CE, Schneider BC, Kriston L, Moritz S. Efficacy of metacognitive training for depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2016;85(4):231-4."
        },
        {
          "study": "Laidlaw, 2008",
          "ref": "Laidlaw K, Davidson K, Toner H, Jackson G, Clark S, Law J, et al. A randomised controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy vs treatment as usual in the treatment of mild to moderate late life depression. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2008;23(8):843-50."
        },
        {
          "study": "Larcombe, 1984",
          "ref": "Larcombe NA, Wilson PH. An evaluation of cognitive-behaviour therapy for depression in patients with multiple sclerosis. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1984;145:366-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Matsuzaka, 2017",
          "ref": "Matsuzaka, C., Wainberg, M., Norcini, P. A., Hoffmann, E., Coimbra, B., Braga, R., . . . Mello, M. (2017). Task shifting interpersonal counseling for depression: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial in primary care. BMC Psychiatry, 17(1)"
        },
        {
          "study": "McIndoo, 2016",
          "ref": "McIndoo CC, File AA, Preddy T, Clark CG, Hopko DR. Mindfulness-based therapy and behavioral activation: A randomized controlled trial with depressed college students. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2016;77:118-28."
        },
        {
          "study": "Miranda, 2003",
          "ref": "Miranda J, Chung JY, Green BL, Krupnick J, Siddique J, Revicki DA, et al. Treating depression in predominantly low-income young minority women: A randomized controlled trial. Jama. 2003;290(1):57-65."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohr, 2011",
          "ref": "Mohr DC, Carmody T, Erickson L, Jin L, Leader J. Telephone-administered cognitive behavioral therapy for veterans served by community-based outpatient clinics. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2011;79(2):261-5."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mulcahy, 2010",
          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mynors-Wallis, 1995",
          "ref": "Mynors-Wallis L, Gath D, Lloyd-Thomas A, Tomlinson D. Randomised controlled trial comparing problem solving treatment with amitriptyline and placebo for major depression in primary care. BMJ. 1995;310(6977):441-5."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakagawa, 2017",
          "ref": "Nakagawa, A., Mitsuda, D., Sado, M., Abe, T., Fujisawa, D., Kikuchi, T., . . . Ono, Y. (2017). Effectiveness of supplementary cognitive-behavioral therapy for pharmacotherapy-resistant depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of clinical psychiatry, 78(8), 1126-1135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakao, 2018",
          "ref": "Nakao, S., Nakagawa, A., Oguchi, Y., Mitsuda, D., Kato, N., Nakagawa, Y., Tamura, N., Kudo, Y., Abe, T., Hiyama, M., Iwashita, S., Ono, Y., & Mimura, M. Web-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Blended With Face-to-Face Sessions for Major Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(9), e10743."
        },
        {
          "study": "Neugebauer, 2006",
          "ref": "Neugebauer R, Kline J, Markowitz JC, Bleiberg KL, Baxi L, Rosing MA, et al. Pilot randomized controlled trial of interpersonal counseling for subsyndromal depression following miscarriage. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2006;67(8):1299-304."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nezu, 1989",
          "ref": "Nezu AM, Perri MG. Social problem-solving therapy for unipolar depression: An initial dismantling investigation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989;57(3):408-13."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Hara, 2000",
          "ref": "O'Hara MW, Stuart S, Gorman LL, Wenzel A. Efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2000;57(11):1039-45."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pardini, 2014 (study 2)",
          "ref": "Pardini J, Scogin F, Schriver J, Domino M, Wilson D, LaRocca M. Efficacy and process of cognitive bibliotherapy for the treatment of depression in jail and prison inmates. Psychological services 2014-11(2): 141-52. (study2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pecheur, 1984",
          "ref": "Pecheur DR, Edwards KJ. A comparison of secular and religious versions of cognitive therapy with depressed Christian college students. Journal of Psychology and Theology. 1984."
        },
        {
          "study": "Propst, 1992",
          "ref": "Propst LR, Ostrom R, Watkins P, Dean T, Mashburn D. Comparative efficacy of religious and nonreligious cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of clinical depression in religious individuals. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1992;60(1):94-103."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahman, 2008",
          "ref": "Rahman A, Malik A, Sikander S, Roberts C, Creed F. Cognitive behaviour therapy-based intervention by community health workers for mothers with depression and their infants in rural Pakistan: A cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;372(9642):902-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Raue, 2019",
          "ref": "Raue, P. J., Sirey, J. A., Dawson, A., Berman, J., & Bruce, M. L. (2019). Lay-delivered behavioral activation for depressed senior center clients: Pilot RCT. International journal of geriatric psychiatry, 34(11), 1715-1723. doi:10.1002/gps.5186"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rehm, 1981",
          "ref": "Rehm LP, Kornblith SJ, O'Hara MW, Lamparski DM, Romano JM, Volkin JI. An evaluation of major components in a self-control therapy program for depression. Behavior modification. 1981;5(4):459-89."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rosso, 2017",
          "ref": "Rosso, I. M., Killgore, W. D., Olson, E. A., Webb, C. A., Fukunaga, R., Auerbach, R. P., Gogel, H., Buchholz, J. L., & Rauch, S. L. Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 34(3), 236-245. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5540163/pdf/nihms884093.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell, 2020",
          "ref": "Russell, A., Gaunt, D. M., Cooper, K., Barton, S., Horwood, J., Kessler, D., . . . et al. (2019). The feasibility of low-intensity psychological therapy for depression co-occurring with autism in adults: the Autism Depression Trial (ADEPT) – a pilot randomised controlled trial. Autism. doi:10.1177/1362361319889272"
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2009",
          "ref": "Safren SA, O'Cleirigh C, Tan JY, Raminani SR, Reilly LC, Otto MW, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for adherence and depression (CBT-AD) in HIV-infected individuals. Health Psychology. 2009;28(1):1-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Savard, 2006",
          "ref": "Savard J, Simard S, Giguere I, Ivers H, Morin CM, Maunsell E, et al. Randomized clinical trial on cognitive therapy for depression in women with metastatic breast cancer: Psychological and immunological effects. Palliative and Supportive Care. 2006;4(3):219-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1987",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Hamblin D, Beutler L. Bibliotherapy for depressed older adults: A self-help alternative. The Gerontologist. 1987;27(3):383-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1989",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Jamison C, Gochneaur K. Comparative efficacy of cognitive and behavioral bibliotherapy for mildly and moderately depressed older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989;57(3):403-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1992",
          "ref": "Scott AI, Freeman CP. Edinburgh primary care depression study: Treatment outcome, patient satisfaction, and cost after 16 weeks. BMJ. 1992;304(6831):883-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1997",
          "ref": "Scott C, Tacchi MJ, Jones R, Scott J. Acute and one-year outcome of a randomised controlled trial of brief cognitive therapy for major depressive disorder in primary care. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1997;171:131-4."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shah, 2018",
          "ref": "Shah, A., Morthland, M., Scogin, F., Presnell, A., DiNapoli, E. A., DeCoster, J., & Yang, X. (2018). Audio and Computer Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior Therapy, 49(6), 904‐916."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheeber, 2017",
          "ref": "Sheeber, L., Feil, E., Seeley, J., Leve, C., Gau, J., Davis, B., . . . Allan, S. (2017). Mom-net: evaluation of an internet-facilitated cognitive behavioral intervention for low-income depressed mothers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(4), 355-366."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shih, 2021",
          "ref": "Shih, V. W. Y., Chan, W. C., Tai, O. K., Wong, H. L., Cheng, C. P. W., & Wong, C. S. M. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Late-Life Depression: a Randomised Controlled Trial. East Asian Arch Psychiatry, 31(2), 27-35. doi:10.12809/eaap2075"
        },
        {
          "study": "Swartz, 2008",
          "ref": "Swartz HA, Frank E, Zuckoff A, Cyranowski JM, Houck PR, Cheng Y, et al. Brief interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed mothers whose children are receiving psychiatric treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;165(9):1155-62."
        },
        {
          "study": "Talbot, 2011",
          "ref": "Talbot NL, Chaudron LH, Ward EA, Duberstein PR, Conwell Y, O'Hara MW, et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed women with sexual abuse histories. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(4):374-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 2009",
          "ref": "Taylor CB, Conrad A, Wilhelm FH, Strachowski D, Khaylis A, Neri E, et al. Does improving mood in depressed patients alter factors that may affect cardiovascular disease risk? Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2009;43(16):1246-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Verduyn, 2003",
          "ref": "Verduyn C, Barrowclough C, Roberts J, Tarrier N, Harrington R. Maternal depression and child behaviour problems: Randomised placebo-controlled trial of a cognitive-behavioural group intervention. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;183(OCT.):342-8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watt, 2000",
          "ref": "Watt LM, Cappeliez P. Integrative and instrumental reminiscence therapies for depression in older adults: Intervention strategies and treatment effectiveness. Aging and Mental Health. 2000;4(2):166-77."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilson, 1983",
          "ref": "Wilson PH, Goldin JC, Charbonneau-Powis M. Comparative efficacy of behavioral and cognitive treatments of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1983;7(2):111-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zu, 2014",
          "ref": "Zu S, Xiang Y-T, Liu J, Zhang L, Wang G, Ma X, et al. A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy, antidepressants, their combination and standard treatment for Chinese patients with moderate–severe major depressive disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2014;152-154:262-7."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 923,
      "instr": "HDRS-17",
      "full": "Hamilton Depression Rating Scale - 17 item version",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Outliers removed (sensitivity)",
      "k": 60,
      "k_es": 86,
      "sd": 6.225,
      "lo": 6.047,
      "hi": 6.408,
      "tau2": 0.0046,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 5.436,
      "phi": 7.128,
      "i2": 42.1,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Amano, 2023",
          "ref": "Amano, M., Katayama, N., Umeda, S., Terasawa, Y., Tabuchi, H., Kikuchi, T., . . . Nakagawa, A. (2023). The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on future thinking in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.997154"
        },
        {
          "study": "Arean, 1993",
          "ref": "Arean PA, Perri MG, Nezu AM, Schein RL, Christopher F, Joseph TX. Comparative effectiveness of social problem-solving therapy and reminiscence therapy as treatments for depression in older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1993;61(6):1003-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Baumeister, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumeister, H., Paganini, S., Sander, L. B., Lin, J., Schlicker, S., Terhorst, Y., Moshagen, M., Bengel, J., Lehr, D., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effectiveness of a Guided Internet- and Mobile-Based Intervention for Patients with Chronic Back Pain and Depression (WARD-BP): A Multicenter, Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 90(4), 255-268. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511881"
        },
        {
          "study": "Beevers, 2017",
          "ref": "Beevers, C., Pearson, R., Hoffman, J., Foulser, A., Shumake, J., & Meyer, B. (2017). Effectiveness of an internet intervention (Deprexis) for depression in a united states adult sample: a parallel-group pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(4), 367-380."
        },
        {
          "study": "Berman, 2022",
          "ref": "Berman, M. I., Park, J., Kragenbrink, M. E., & Hegel, M. T. (2022). Accept Yourself! A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Self-Acceptance-Based Treatment for Large-Bodied Women With Depression. Behav Ther, 53(5), 913-926. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.03.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chan, 2012",
          "ref": "Chan AS, Wong QY, Sze SL, Kwong PP, Han YM, Cheung MC. A Chinese Chan-based mind-body intervention for patients with depression. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2012;142(1-3):283-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cukor, 2014",
          "ref": "Cukor, D., Ver Halen, N., Asher, D. R., Coplan, J. D., Weedon, J., Wyka, K. E., . . . Kimmel, P. L. (2014). Psychosocial intervention improves depression, quality of life, and fluid adherence in hemodialysis. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 25(1), 196-206. doi:https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2012111134"
        },
        {
          "study": "De Jong, 2018",
          "ref": "De Jong M, Peeters F, Gard T, et al. A randomized controlled pilot study on mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for unipolar depression in patients with chronic pain. Journal of clinical psychiatry 2018; 79(1): 26‐34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Desautels, 2018",
          "ref": "Desautels, C., Savard, J., Ivers, H., Savard, M. H., & Caplette-Gingras, A. (2018). Treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive therapy and bright light therapy [Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial]. Health Psychology, 37(1), 1‐13. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000539"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dimidjian, 2006",
          "ref": "Dimidjian S, Hollon SD, Dobson KS, Schmaling KB, Kohlenberg RJ, Addis ME, et al. Randomized trial of behavioral activation, cognitive therapy, and antidepressant medication in the acute treatment of adults with major depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2006;74(4):658-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dindo, 2020",
          "ref": "Dindo, L. N., Recober, A., Calarge, C. A., Zimmerman, B. M., Weinrib, A., Marchman, J. N., & Turvey, C. (2019). One-Day Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Compared to Support for Depressed Migraine Patients: a Randomized Clinical Trial. Neurotherapeutics. doi:10.1007/s13311-019-00818-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dobkin, 2021",
          "ref": "Dobkin, R. D., Mann, S. L., Weintraub, D., Rodriguez, K. M., Miller, R. B., St. Hill, L., King, A., Gara, M. A., & Interian, A. (2021). Innovating Parkinson's Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Telemedicine Depression Treatment [Article]. Movement disorders, 36(11), 2549-2558. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.28548"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fann, 2015",
          "ref": "Fann JR, Bombardier CH, Vannoy S, Dyer J, Ludman E, Dikmen S, et al. Telephone and in-person cognitive behavioral therapy for major depression after traumatic brain injury: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of neurotrauma. 2015;32(1):45-57."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonagy, 2015",
          "ref": "Fonagy P, Rost F, Carlyle JA, McPherson S, Thomas R, Pasco Fearon RM, et al. Pragmatic randomized controlled trial of long-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy for treatment-resistant depression: The Tavistock Adult Depression Study (TADS). World Psychiatry. 2015;14(3):312-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Forand, 2018",
          "ref": "Forand NR, Barnett JG, Strunk DR, Hindiyeh MU, Feinberg JE, Keefe JR. Efficacy of Guided iCBT for Depression and Mediation of Change by Cognitive Skill Acquisition. Behavior Therapy 2018; 49(2): 295-307."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freedland, 2009",
          "ref": "Freedland KE, Skala JA, Carney RM, Rubin EH, Lustman PJ, D·vila-Rom·n VG, et al. Treatment of depression after coronary artery bypass surgery: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2009;66(4):387-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freedland, 2015",
          "ref": "Freedland KE, Carney RM, Rich MW, Steinmeyer BC, Rubin EH. Cognitive behavior therapy for depression and self-care in heart failure patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2015;175(11):1773-82."
        },
        {
          "study": "Harley, 2008",
          "ref": "Harley R, Sprich S, Safren S, Jacobo M, Fava M. Adaptation of dialectical behavior therapy skills training group for treatment-resistant depression. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 2008;196(2):136-43."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hemanny, 2019",
          "ref": "Hemanny, C., Carvalho, C., Maia, N., Reis, D., Botelho, A. C., Bonavides, D., . . . De Oliveira, I. R. (2019). Efficacy of trial-based cognitive therapy, behavioral activation and treatment as usual in the treatment of major depressive disorder: Preliminary findings from a randomized clinical trial. CNS Spectrums. doi:10.1017/S1092852919001457"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hummel, 2017",
          "ref": "Hummel, J., Weisbrod, C., Boesch, L., Himpler, K., Hauer, K., Hautzinger, M., . . . Kopf, D. (2017). AIDE–Acute Illness and Depression in Elderly Patients. Cognitive Behavioral Group Psychotherapy in Geriatric Patients With Comorbid Depression: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Journal of the american medical directors association, 18(4), 341-349."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2017",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Zulqernain, F., Carter, L.-A., Chaudhry, I., Fatima, B., Kiran, T., . . . Rahman, A. (2017). Treatment of maternal depression in urban slums of Karachi, Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an integrated maternal psychological and early child development intervention. Asian journal of psychiatry, 29, 63-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jelinek, 2016",
          "ref": "Jelinek L, Hauschildt M, Wittekind CE, Schneider BC, Kriston L, Moritz S. Efficacy of metacognitive training for depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2016;85(4):231-4."
        },
        {
          "study": "Laidlaw, 2008",
          "ref": "Laidlaw K, Davidson K, Toner H, Jackson G, Clark S, Law J, et al. A randomised controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy vs treatment as usual in the treatment of mild to moderate late life depression. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2008;23(8):843-50."
        },
        {
          "study": "Larcombe, 1984",
          "ref": "Larcombe NA, Wilson PH. An evaluation of cognitive-behaviour therapy for depression in patients with multiple sclerosis. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1984;145:366-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Matsuzaka, 2017",
          "ref": "Matsuzaka, C., Wainberg, M., Norcini, P. A., Hoffmann, E., Coimbra, B., Braga, R., . . . Mello, M. (2017). Task shifting interpersonal counseling for depression: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial in primary care. BMC Psychiatry, 17(1)"
        },
        {
          "study": "McIndoo, 2016",
          "ref": "McIndoo CC, File AA, Preddy T, Clark CG, Hopko DR. Mindfulness-based therapy and behavioral activation: A randomized controlled trial with depressed college students. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2016;77:118-28."
        },
        {
          "study": "Miranda, 2003",
          "ref": "Miranda J, Chung JY, Green BL, Krupnick J, Siddique J, Revicki DA, et al. Treating depression in predominantly low-income young minority women: A randomized controlled trial. Jama. 2003;290(1):57-65."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohr, 2011",
          "ref": "Mohr DC, Carmody T, Erickson L, Jin L, Leader J. Telephone-administered cognitive behavioral therapy for veterans served by community-based outpatient clinics. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2011;79(2):261-5."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mulcahy, 2010",
          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mynors-Wallis, 1995",
          "ref": "Mynors-Wallis L, Gath D, Lloyd-Thomas A, Tomlinson D. Randomised controlled trial comparing problem solving treatment with amitriptyline and placebo for major depression in primary care. BMJ. 1995;310(6977):441-5."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakagawa, 2017",
          "ref": "Nakagawa, A., Mitsuda, D., Sado, M., Abe, T., Fujisawa, D., Kikuchi, T., . . . Ono, Y. (2017). Effectiveness of supplementary cognitive-behavioral therapy for pharmacotherapy-resistant depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of clinical psychiatry, 78(8), 1126-1135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakao, 2018",
          "ref": "Nakao, S., Nakagawa, A., Oguchi, Y., Mitsuda, D., Kato, N., Nakagawa, Y., Tamura, N., Kudo, Y., Abe, T., Hiyama, M., Iwashita, S., Ono, Y., & Mimura, M. Web-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Blended With Face-to-Face Sessions for Major Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(9), e10743."
        },
        {
          "study": "Neugebauer, 2006",
          "ref": "Neugebauer R, Kline J, Markowitz JC, Bleiberg KL, Baxi L, Rosing MA, et al. Pilot randomized controlled trial of interpersonal counseling for subsyndromal depression following miscarriage. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2006;67(8):1299-304."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nezu, 1989",
          "ref": "Nezu AM, Perri MG. Social problem-solving therapy for unipolar depression: An initial dismantling investigation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989;57(3):408-13."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Hara, 2000",
          "ref": "O'Hara MW, Stuart S, Gorman LL, Wenzel A. Efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2000;57(11):1039-45."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pardini, 2014 (study 2)",
          "ref": "Pardini J, Scogin F, Schriver J, Domino M, Wilson D, LaRocca M. Efficacy and process of cognitive bibliotherapy for the treatment of depression in jail and prison inmates. Psychological services 2014-11(2): 141-52. (study2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pecheur, 1984",
          "ref": "Pecheur DR, Edwards KJ. A comparison of secular and religious versions of cognitive therapy with depressed Christian college students. Journal of Psychology and Theology. 1984."
        },
        {
          "study": "Propst, 1992",
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        },
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        },
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        }
      ]
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      "k_es": 120,
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      "tau2w": null,
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      "refs": [
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "k_es": 120,
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      "tau2w": null,
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      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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        }
      ]
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Poleshuck, 2014",
          "ref": "Poleshuck EL, Gamble SA, Bellenger K, Lu N, Tu X, Sorensen S, et al. Randomized controlled trial of interpersonal psychotherapy versus enhanced treatment as usual for women with co-occurring depression and pelvic pain. Journal of psychosomatic research. 2014;77(4):264-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Propst, 1992",
          "ref": "Propst LR, Ostrom R, Watkins P, Dean T, Mashburn D. Comparative efficacy of religious and nonreligious cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of clinical depression in religious individuals. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1992;60(1):94-103."
        },
        {
          "study": "Qiu, 2013",
          "ref": "Qiu J, Chen W, Gao X, Xu Y, Tong H, Yang M, et al. A randomized controlled trial of group cognitive behavioral therapy for Chinese breast cancer patients with major depression. Journal of psychosomatic obstetrics and gynaecology. 2013;34(2):60-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahman, 2008",
          "ref": "Rahman A, Malik A, Sikander S, Roberts C, Creed F. Cognitive behaviour therapy-based intervention by community health workers for mothers with depression and their infants in rural Pakistan: A cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;372(9642):902-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rehm, 1981",
          "ref": "Rehm LP, Kornblith SJ, O'Hara MW, Lamparski DM, Romano JM, Volkin JI. An evaluation of major components in a self-control therapy program for depression. Behavior modification. 1981;5(4):459-89."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rosso, 2017",
          "ref": "Rosso, I. M., Killgore, W. D., Olson, E. A., Webb, C. A., Fukunaga, R., Auerbach, R. P., Gogel, H., Buchholz, J. L., & Rauch, S. L. Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 34(3), 236-245. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5540163/pdf/nihms884093.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell, 2020",
          "ref": "Russell, A., Gaunt, D. M., Cooper, K., Barton, S., Horwood, J., Kessler, D., . . . et al. (2019). The feasibility of low-intensity psychological therapy for depression co-occurring with autism in adults: the Autism Depression Trial (ADEPT) – a pilot randomised controlled trial. Autism. doi:10.1177/1362361319889272"
        },
        {
          "study": "Savard, 2006",
          "ref": "Savard J, Simard S, Giguere I, Ivers H, Morin CM, Maunsell E, et al. Randomized clinical trial on cognitive therapy for depression in women with metastatic breast cancer: Psychological and immunological effects. Palliative and Supportive Care. 2006;4(3):219-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulberg, 1996",
          "ref": "Schulberg HC, Block MR, Madonia MJ, Scott CP, Rodriguez E, Imber SD, et al. Treating major depression in primary care practice. Eight-month clinical outcomes. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1996;53(10):913-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1992",
          "ref": "Scott AI, Freeman CP. Edinburgh primary care depression study: Treatment outcome, patient satisfaction, and cost after 16 weeks. BMJ. 1992;304(6831):883-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1997",
          "ref": "Scott C, Tacchi MJ, Jones R, Scott J. Acute and one-year outcome of a randomised controlled trial of brief cognitive therapy for major depressive disorder in primary care. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1997;171:131-4."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Selmi, 1990",
          "ref": "Selmi PM, Klein MH, Greist JH, Sorrell SP, Erdman HP. Computer-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1990;147(1):51-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheeber, 2017",
          "ref": "Sheeber, L., Feil, E., Seeley, J., Leve, C., Gau, J., Davis, B., . . . Allan, S. (2017). Mom-net: evaluation of an internet-facilitated cognitive behavioral intervention for low-income depressed mothers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(4), 355-366."
        },
        {
          "study": "Swartz, 2008",
          "ref": "Swartz HA, Frank E, Zuckoff A, Cyranowski JM, Houck PR, Cheng Y, et al. Brief interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed mothers whose children are receiving psychiatric treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;165(9):1155-62."
        },
        {
          "study": "Talbot, 2011",
          "ref": "Talbot NL, Chaudron LH, Ward EA, Duberstein PR, Conwell Y, O'Hara MW, et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed women with sexual abuse histories. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(4):374-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tong, 2020",
          "ref": "Tong, P., Bu, P., Yang, Y., Dong, L., Sun, T., & Shi, Y. (2019). Group cognitive behavioural therapy can reduce stigma and improve treatment compliance in major depressive disorder patients. Early intervention in psychiatry. doi:10.1111/eip.12841"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tovote, 2014",
          "ref": "Tovote KA, Fleer J, Snippe E, Peeters A, Emmelkamp PMG, Sanderman R, et al. Individual mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for treating depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2014;37(9):2427-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Verduyn, 2003",
          "ref": "Verduyn C, Barrowclough C, Roberts J, Tarrier N, Harrington R. Maternal depression and child behaviour problems: Randomised placebo-controlled trial of a cognitive-behavioural group intervention. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;183(OCT.):342-8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vitriol, 2009",
          "ref": "Vitriol VG, Ballesteros ST, Florenzano RU, Weil KP, Benadof DF. Evaluation of an outpatient intervention for women with severe depression and a history of childhood trauma. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(7):936-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilson, 1983",
          "ref": "Wilson PH, Goldin JC, Charbonneau-Powis M. Comparative efficacy of behavioral and cognitive treatments of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1983;7(2):111-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zu, 2014",
          "ref": "Zu S, Xiang Y-T, Liu J, Zhang L, Wang G, Ma X, et al. A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy, antidepressants, their combination and standard treatment for Chinese patients with moderate–severe major depressive disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2014;152-154:262-7."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "HDRS-17",
      "full": "Hamilton Depression Rating Scale - 17 item version",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Age group",
      "sgv": "Adults",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 65,
      "k_es": 89,
      "sd": 6.161,
      "lo": 5.725,
      "hi": 6.631,
      "tau2": 0.0817,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.502,
      "phi": 10.841,
      "i2": 93.7,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
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          "study": "Lee, 2021",
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        },
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          "study": "O'Hara, 2000",
          "ref": "O'Hara MW, Stuart S, Gorman LL, Wenzel A. Efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2000;57(11):1039-45."
        },
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          "study": "Okeke, 2023",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Pardini, 2014 (study 2)",
          "ref": "Pardini J, Scogin F, Schriver J, Domino M, Wilson D, LaRocca M. Efficacy and process of cognitive bibliotherapy for the treatment of depression in jail and prison inmates. Psychological services 2014-11(2): 141-52. (study2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Poleshuck, 2014",
          "ref": "Poleshuck EL, Gamble SA, Bellenger K, Lu N, Tu X, Sorensen S, et al. Randomized controlled trial of interpersonal psychotherapy versus enhanced treatment as usual for women with co-occurring depression and pelvic pain. Journal of psychosomatic research. 2014;77(4):264-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Propst, 1992",
          "ref": "Propst LR, Ostrom R, Watkins P, Dean T, Mashburn D. Comparative efficacy of religious and nonreligious cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of clinical depression in religious individuals. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1992;60(1):94-103."
        },
        {
          "study": "Qiu, 2013",
          "ref": "Qiu J, Chen W, Gao X, Xu Y, Tong H, Yang M, et al. A randomized controlled trial of group cognitive behavioral therapy for Chinese breast cancer patients with major depression. Journal of psychosomatic obstetrics and gynaecology. 2013;34(2):60-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahman, 2008",
          "ref": "Rahman A, Malik A, Sikander S, Roberts C, Creed F. Cognitive behaviour therapy-based intervention by community health workers for mothers with depression and their infants in rural Pakistan: A cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;372(9642):902-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rehm, 1981",
          "ref": "Rehm LP, Kornblith SJ, O'Hara MW, Lamparski DM, Romano JM, Volkin JI. An evaluation of major components in a self-control therapy program for depression. Behavior modification. 1981;5(4):459-89."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rosso, 2017",
          "ref": "Rosso, I. M., Killgore, W. D., Olson, E. A., Webb, C. A., Fukunaga, R., Auerbach, R. P., Gogel, H., Buchholz, J. L., & Rauch, S. L. Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 34(3), 236-245. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5540163/pdf/nihms884093.pdf"
        },
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          "ref": "Russell, A., Gaunt, D. M., Cooper, K., Barton, S., Horwood, J., Kessler, D., . . . et al. (2019). The feasibility of low-intensity psychological therapy for depression co-occurring with autism in adults: the Autism Depression Trial (ADEPT) – a pilot randomised controlled trial. Autism. doi:10.1177/1362361319889272"
        },
        {
          "study": "Savard, 2006",
          "ref": "Savard J, Simard S, Giguere I, Ivers H, Morin CM, Maunsell E, et al. Randomized clinical trial on cognitive therapy for depression in women with metastatic breast cancer: Psychological and immunological effects. Palliative and Supportive Care. 2006;4(3):219-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulberg, 1996",
          "ref": "Schulberg HC, Block MR, Madonia MJ, Scott CP, Rodriguez E, Imber SD, et al. Treating major depression in primary care practice. Eight-month clinical outcomes. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1996;53(10):913-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1992",
          "ref": "Scott AI, Freeman CP. Edinburgh primary care depression study: Treatment outcome, patient satisfaction, and cost after 16 weeks. BMJ. 1992;304(6831):883-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1997",
          "ref": "Scott C, Tacchi MJ, Jones R, Scott J. Acute and one-year outcome of a randomised controlled trial of brief cognitive therapy for major depressive disorder in primary care. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1997;171:131-4."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Selmi, 1990",
          "ref": "Selmi PM, Klein MH, Greist JH, Sorrell SP, Erdman HP. Computer-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1990;147(1):51-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheeber, 2017",
          "ref": "Sheeber, L., Feil, E., Seeley, J., Leve, C., Gau, J., Davis, B., . . . Allan, S. (2017). Mom-net: evaluation of an internet-facilitated cognitive behavioral intervention for low-income depressed mothers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(4), 355-366."
        },
        {
          "study": "Swartz, 2008",
          "ref": "Swartz HA, Frank E, Zuckoff A, Cyranowski JM, Houck PR, Cheng Y, et al. Brief interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed mothers whose children are receiving psychiatric treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;165(9):1155-62."
        },
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          "study": "Talbot, 2011",
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        {
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          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
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        },
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          "ref": "Savard J, Simard S, Giguere I, Ivers H, Morin CM, Maunsell E, et al. Randomized clinical trial on cognitive therapy for depression in women with metastatic breast cancer: Psychological and immunological effects. Palliative and Supportive Care. 2006;4(3):219-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulberg, 1996",
          "ref": "Schulberg HC, Block MR, Madonia MJ, Scott CP, Rodriguez E, Imber SD, et al. Treating major depression in primary care practice. Eight-month clinical outcomes. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1996;53(10):913-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1987",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Hamblin D, Beutler L. Bibliotherapy for depressed older adults: A self-help alternative. The Gerontologist. 1987;27(3):383-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1989",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Jamison C, Gochneaur K. Comparative efficacy of cognitive and behavioral bibliotherapy for mildly and moderately depressed older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989;57(3):403-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1992",
          "ref": "Scott AI, Freeman CP. Edinburgh primary care depression study: Treatment outcome, patient satisfaction, and cost after 16 weeks. BMJ. 1992;304(6831):883-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1997",
          "ref": "Scott C, Tacchi MJ, Jones R, Scott J. Acute and one-year outcome of a randomised controlled trial of brief cognitive therapy for major depressive disorder in primary care. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1997;171:131-4."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Selmi, 1990",
          "ref": "Selmi PM, Klein MH, Greist JH, Sorrell SP, Erdman HP. Computer-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1990;147(1):51-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shah, 2018",
          "ref": "Shah, A., Morthland, M., Scogin, F., Presnell, A., DiNapoli, E. A., DeCoster, J., & Yang, X. (2018). Audio and Computer Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior Therapy, 49(6), 904‐916."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheeber, 2017",
          "ref": "Sheeber, L., Feil, E., Seeley, J., Leve, C., Gau, J., Davis, B., . . . Allan, S. (2017). Mom-net: evaluation of an internet-facilitated cognitive behavioral intervention for low-income depressed mothers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(4), 355-366."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shih, 2021",
          "ref": "Shih, V. W. Y., Chan, W. C., Tai, O. K., Wong, H. L., Cheng, C. P. W., & Wong, C. S. M. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Late-Life Depression: a Randomised Controlled Trial. East Asian Arch Psychiatry, 31(2), 27-35. doi:10.12809/eaap2075"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Swartz, 2008",
          "ref": "Swartz HA, Frank E, Zuckoff A, Cyranowski JM, Houck PR, Cheng Y, et al. Brief interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed mothers whose children are receiving psychiatric treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;165(9):1155-62."
        },
        {
          "study": "Talbot, 2011",
          "ref": "Talbot NL, Chaudron LH, Ward EA, Duberstein PR, Conwell Y, O'Hara MW, et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed women with sexual abuse histories. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(4):374-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 2009",
          "ref": "Taylor CB, Conrad A, Wilhelm FH, Strachowski D, Khaylis A, Neri E, et al. Does improving mood in depressed patients alter factors that may affect cardiovascular disease risk? Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2009;43(16):1246-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tong, 2020",
          "ref": "Tong, P., Bu, P., Yang, Y., Dong, L., Sun, T., & Shi, Y. (2019). Group cognitive behavioural therapy can reduce stigma and improve treatment compliance in major depressive disorder patients. Early intervention in psychiatry. doi:10.1111/eip.12841"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tovote, 2014",
          "ref": "Tovote KA, Fleer J, Snippe E, Peeters A, Emmelkamp PMG, Sanderman R, et al. Individual mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for treating depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2014;37(9):2427-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Verduyn, 2003",
          "ref": "Verduyn C, Barrowclough C, Roberts J, Tarrier N, Harrington R. Maternal depression and child behaviour problems: Randomised placebo-controlled trial of a cognitive-behavioural group intervention. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;183(OCT.):342-8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vitriol, 2009",
          "ref": "Vitriol VG, Ballesteros ST, Florenzano RU, Weil KP, Benadof DF. Evaluation of an outpatient intervention for women with severe depression and a history of childhood trauma. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(7):936-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watt, 2000",
          "ref": "Watt LM, Cappeliez P. Integrative and instrumental reminiscence therapies for depression in older adults: Intervention strategies and treatment effectiveness. Aging and Mental Health. 2000;4(2):166-77."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilson, 1983",
          "ref": "Wilson PH, Goldin JC, Charbonneau-Powis M. Comparative efficacy of behavioral and cognitive treatments of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1983;7(2):111-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zu, 2014",
          "ref": "Zu S, Xiang Y-T, Liu J, Zhang L, Wang G, Ma X, et al. A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy, antidepressants, their combination and standard treatment for Chinese patients with moderate–severe major depressive disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2014;152-154:262-7."
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        {
          "study": "Dobkin, 2011",
          "ref": "Dobkin RD, Menza M, Allen LA, Gara MA, Mark MH, Tiu J, et al. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression in Parkinson's disease: A randomized, controlled trial. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2011;168(10):1066-74."
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        {
          "study": "Dobkin, 2020",
          "ref": "Dobkin RD, Mann SL, Gara MA, Interian A, Rodriguez KM, Menza M. Telephone-based cognitive behavioral therapy for depression in Parkinson disease: A randomized controlled trial. Neurology. 2020;94(16):e1764-e1773."
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        {
          "study": "Freedland, 2009",
          "ref": "Freedland KE, Skala JA, Carney RM, Rubin EH, Lustman PJ, D·vila-Rom·n VG, et al. Treatment of depression after coronary artery bypass surgery: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2009;66(4):387-96."
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          "study": "Freedland, 2015",
          "ref": "Freedland KE, Carney RM, Rich MW, Steinmeyer BC, Rubin EH. Cognitive behavior therapy for depression and self-care in heart failure patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2015;175(11):1773-82."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gellis, 2008",
          "ref": "Gellis ZD, McGinty J, Tierney L, Jordan C, Burton J, Misener E. Randomized controlled trial of problem-solving therapy for minor depression in home care. Research on Social Work Practice. 2008;18(6):596-606."
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          "study": "Gellis, 2010",
          "ref": "Gellis ZD, Bruce ML. Problem solving therapy for subthreshold depression in home healthcare patients with cardiovascular disease. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2010;18(6):464-74."
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          "study": "Hummel, 2017",
          "ref": "Hummel, J., Weisbrod, C., Boesch, L., Himpler, K., Hauer, K., Hautzinger, M., . . . Kopf, D. (2017). AIDE–Acute Illness and Depression in Elderly Patients. Cognitive Behavioral Group Psychotherapy in Geriatric Patients With Comorbid Depression: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Journal of the american medical directors association, 18(4), 341-349."
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        {
          "study": "Laidlaw, 2008",
          "ref": "Laidlaw K, Davidson K, Toner H, Jackson G, Clark S, Law J, et al. A randomised controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy vs treatment as usual in the treatment of mild to moderate late life depression. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2008;23(8):843-50."
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        {
          "study": "Mohr, 2011",
          "ref": "Mohr DC, Carmody T, Erickson L, Jin L, Leader J. Telephone-administered cognitive behavioral therapy for veterans served by community-based outpatient clinics. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2011;79(2):261-5."
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          "study": "Raue, 2019",
          "ref": "Raue, P. J., Sirey, J. A., Dawson, A., Berman, J., & Bruce, M. L. (2019). Lay-delivered behavioral activation for depressed senior center clients: Pilot RCT. International journal of geriatric psychiatry, 34(11), 1715-1723. doi:10.1002/gps.5186"
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          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
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          "ref": "Taylor CB, Conrad A, Wilhelm FH, Strachowski D, Khaylis A, Neri E, et al. Does improving mood in depressed patients alter factors that may affect cardiovascular disease risk? Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2009;43(16):1246-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watt, 2000",
          "ref": "Watt LM, Cappeliez P. Integrative and instrumental reminiscence therapies for depression in older adults: Intervention strategies and treatment effectiveness. Aging and Mental Health. 2000;4(2):166-77."
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          "ref": "Dobkin RD, Menza M, Allen LA, Gara MA, Mark MH, Tiu J, et al. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression in Parkinson's disease: A randomized, controlled trial. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2011;168(10):1066-74."
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          "ref": "Dobkin RD, Mann SL, Gara MA, Interian A, Rodriguez KM, Menza M. Telephone-based cognitive behavioral therapy for depression in Parkinson disease: A randomized controlled trial. Neurology. 2020;94(16):e1764-e1773."
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          "study": "Freedland, 2009",
          "ref": "Freedland KE, Skala JA, Carney RM, Rubin EH, Lustman PJ, D·vila-Rom·n VG, et al. Treatment of depression after coronary artery bypass surgery: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2009;66(4):387-96."
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          "study": "Freedland, 2015",
          "ref": "Freedland KE, Carney RM, Rich MW, Steinmeyer BC, Rubin EH. Cognitive behavior therapy for depression and self-care in heart failure patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2015;175(11):1773-82."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gellis, 2008",
          "ref": "Gellis ZD, McGinty J, Tierney L, Jordan C, Burton J, Misener E. Randomized controlled trial of problem-solving therapy for minor depression in home care. Research on Social Work Practice. 2008;18(6):596-606."
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          "ref": "Gellis ZD, Bruce ML. Problem solving therapy for subthreshold depression in home healthcare patients with cardiovascular disease. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2010;18(6):464-74."
        },
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          "study": "Hummel, 2017",
          "ref": "Hummel, J., Weisbrod, C., Boesch, L., Himpler, K., Hauer, K., Hautzinger, M., . . . Kopf, D. (2017). AIDE–Acute Illness and Depression in Elderly Patients. Cognitive Behavioral Group Psychotherapy in Geriatric Patients With Comorbid Depression: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Journal of the american medical directors association, 18(4), 341-349."
        },
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          "study": "Laidlaw, 2008",
          "ref": "Laidlaw K, Davidson K, Toner H, Jackson G, Clark S, Law J, et al. A randomised controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy vs treatment as usual in the treatment of mild to moderate late life depression. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2008;23(8):843-50."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohr, 2011",
          "ref": "Mohr DC, Carmody T, Erickson L, Jin L, Leader J. Telephone-administered cognitive behavioral therapy for veterans served by community-based outpatient clinics. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2011;79(2):261-5."
        },
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          "ref": "Raue, P. J., Sirey, J. A., Dawson, A., Berman, J., & Bruce, M. L. (2019). Lay-delivered behavioral activation for depressed senior center clients: Pilot RCT. International journal of geriatric psychiatry, 34(11), 1715-1723. doi:10.1002/gps.5186"
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          "ref": "Scogin F, Hamblin D, Beutler L. Bibliotherapy for depressed older adults: A self-help alternative. The Gerontologist. 1987;27(3):383-7."
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          "ref": "Scogin F, Jamison C, Gochneaur K. Comparative efficacy of cognitive and behavioral bibliotherapy for mildly and moderately depressed older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989;57(3):403-7."
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          "ref": "Shah, A., Morthland, M., Scogin, F., Presnell, A., DiNapoli, E. A., DeCoster, J., & Yang, X. (2018). Audio and Computer Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior Therapy, 49(6), 904‐916."
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          "ref": "Shih, V. W. Y., Chan, W. C., Tai, O. K., Wong, H. L., Cheng, C. P. W., & Wong, C. S. M. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Late-Life Depression: a Randomised Controlled Trial. East Asian Arch Psychiatry, 31(2), 27-35. doi:10.12809/eaap2075"
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        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 2009",
          "ref": "Taylor CB, Conrad A, Wilhelm FH, Strachowski D, Khaylis A, Neri E, et al. Does improving mood in depressed patients alter factors that may affect cardiovascular disease risk? Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2009;43(16):1246-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watt, 2000",
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          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ren, 2019",
          "ref": "Ren W, Qiu H, Yang Y, Zhu X, Zhu C, Mao G, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for depressive and anxiety symptoms in Chinese women with breast cancer. Psychiatry Research. 2019;271:52-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        }
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        {
          "study": "Aguilar-Raab, 2023",
          "ref": "Aguilar-Raab C, Winter F, Warth M, Stoffel M, Moessner M, Hernández C, et al. A compassion-based treatment for couples with the female partner suffering from current depressive disorder: A randomized-controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2023;342:127-38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Amano, 2023",
          "ref": "Amano, M., Katayama, N., Umeda, S., Terasawa, Y., Tabuchi, H., Kikuchi, T., . . . Nakagawa, A. (2023). The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on future thinking in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.997154"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Arean, 1993",
          "ref": "Arean PA, Perri MG, Nezu AM, Schein RL, Christopher F, Joseph TX. Comparative effectiveness of social problem-solving therapy and reminiscence therapy as treatments for depression in older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1993;61(6):1003-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Baumeister, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumeister, H., Paganini, S., Sander, L. B., Lin, J., Schlicker, S., Terhorst, Y., Moshagen, M., Bengel, J., Lehr, D., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effectiveness of a Guided Internet- and Mobile-Based Intervention for Patients with Chronic Back Pain and Depression (WARD-BP): A Multicenter, Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 90(4), 255-268. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511881"
        },
        {
          "study": "Beevers, 2017",
          "ref": "Beevers, C., Pearson, R., Hoffman, J., Foulser, A., Shumake, J., & Meyer, B. (2017). Effectiveness of an internet intervention (Deprexis) for depression in a united states adult sample: a parallel-group pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(4), 367-380."
        },
        {
          "study": "Berman, 2022",
          "ref": "Berman, M. I., Park, J., Kragenbrink, M. E., & Hegel, M. T. (2022). Accept Yourself! A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Self-Acceptance-Based Treatment for Large-Bodied Women With Depression. Behav Ther, 53(5), 913-926. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.03.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carr, 2017",
          "ref": "Carr, A., Finnegan, L., Griffin, E., Cotter, P., & Hyland, A. (2017). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Say Yes to Life (SYTL) Positive Psychology Group Psychotherapy Program for Depression: An Interim Report. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 47(3), 153-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chan, 2012",
          "ref": "Chan AS, Wong QY, Sze SL, Kwong PP, Han YM, Cheung MC. A Chinese Chan-based mind-body intervention for patients with depression. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2012;142(1-3):283-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cukor, 2014",
          "ref": "Cukor, D., Ver Halen, N., Asher, D. R., Coplan, J. D., Weedon, J., Wyka, K. E., . . . Kimmel, P. L. (2014). Psychosocial intervention improves depression, quality of life, and fluid adherence in hemodialysis. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 25(1), 196-206. doi:https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2012111134"
        },
        {
          "study": "De Jong, 2018",
          "ref": "De Jong M, Peeters F, Gard T, et al. A randomized controlled pilot study on mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for unipolar depression in patients with chronic pain. Journal of clinical psychiatry 2018; 79(1): 26‐34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Desautels, 2018",
          "ref": "Desautels, C., Savard, J., Ivers, H., Savard, M. H., & Caplette-Gingras, A. (2018). Treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive therapy and bright light therapy [Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial]. Health Psychology, 37(1), 1‐13. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000539"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dimidjian, 2006",
          "ref": "Dimidjian S, Hollon SD, Dobson KS, Schmaling KB, Kohlenberg RJ, Addis ME, et al. Randomized trial of behavioral activation, cognitive therapy, and antidepressant medication in the acute treatment of adults with major depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2006;74(4):658-70."
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        }
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          "ref": "McIndoo CC, File AA, Preddy T, Clark CG, Hopko DR. Mindfulness-based therapy and behavioral activation: A randomized controlled trial with depressed college students. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2016;77:118-28."
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          "ref": "Pecheur DR, Edwards KJ. A comparison of secular and religious versions of cognitive therapy with depressed Christian college students. Journal of Psychology and Theology. 1984."
        }
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        {
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          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ren, 2019",
          "ref": "Ren W, Qiu H, Yang Y, Zhu X, Zhu C, Mao G, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for depressive and anxiety symptoms in Chinese women with breast cancer. Psychiatry Research. 2019;271:52-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        }
      ]
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        },
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        {
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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        {
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Comorbidity",
      "sgv": "No comorbidity",
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      "i2": 93.8,
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      "refs": [
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "full": "Hamilton Depression Rating Scale - 17 item version",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Comorbidity",
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      "tau2": 0.0895,
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      "i2": 93.8,
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      "refs": [
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        }
      ]
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
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        }
      ]
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      "refs": [
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          "study": "Mulcahy, 2010",
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        },
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          "study": "Propst, 1992",
          "ref": "Propst LR, Ostrom R, Watkins P, Dean T, Mashburn D. Comparative efficacy of religious and nonreligious cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of clinical depression in religious individuals. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1992;60(1):94-103."
        },
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          "study": "Qiu, 2013",
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        },
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          "study": "Raue, 2019",
          "ref": "Raue, P. J., Sirey, J. A., Dawson, A., Berman, J., & Bruce, M. L. (2019). Lay-delivered behavioral activation for depressed senior center clients: Pilot RCT. International journal of geriatric psychiatry, 34(11), 1715-1723. doi:10.1002/gps.5186"
        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1997",
          "ref": "Scott C, Tacchi MJ, Jones R, Scott J. Acute and one-year outcome of a randomised controlled trial of brief cognitive therapy for major depressive disorder in primary care. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1997;171:131-4."
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          "ref": "Selmi PM, Klein MH, Greist JH, Sorrell SP, Erdman HP. Computer-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1990;147(1):51-6."
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          "study": "Shah, 2018",
          "ref": "Shah, A., Morthland, M., Scogin, F., Presnell, A., DiNapoli, E. A., DeCoster, J., & Yang, X. (2018). Audio and Computer Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior Therapy, 49(6), 904‐916."
        },
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Swartz, 2008",
          "ref": "Swartz HA, Frank E, Zuckoff A, Cyranowski JM, Houck PR, Cheng Y, et al. Brief interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed mothers whose children are receiving psychiatric treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;165(9):1155-62."
        },
        {
          "study": "Talbot, 2011",
          "ref": "Talbot NL, Chaudron LH, Ward EA, Duberstein PR, Conwell Y, O'Hara MW, et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed women with sexual abuse histories. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(4):374-80."
        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Tong, 2020",
          "ref": "Tong, P., Bu, P., Yang, Y., Dong, L., Sun, T., & Shi, Y. (2019). Group cognitive behavioural therapy can reduce stigma and improve treatment compliance in major depressive disorder patients. Early intervention in psychiatry. doi:10.1111/eip.12841"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tovote, 2014",
          "ref": "Tovote KA, Fleer J, Snippe E, Peeters A, Emmelkamp PMG, Sanderman R, et al. Individual mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for treating depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2014;37(9):2427-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Verduyn, 2003",
          "ref": "Verduyn C, Barrowclough C, Roberts J, Tarrier N, Harrington R. Maternal depression and child behaviour problems: Randomised placebo-controlled trial of a cognitive-behavioural group intervention. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;183(OCT.):342-8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vitriol, 2009",
          "ref": "Vitriol VG, Ballesteros ST, Florenzano RU, Weil KP, Benadof DF. Evaluation of an outpatient intervention for women with severe depression and a history of childhood trauma. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(7):936-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watt, 2000",
          "ref": "Watt LM, Cappeliez P. Integrative and instrumental reminiscence therapies for depression in older adults: Intervention strategies and treatment effectiveness. Aging and Mental Health. 2000;4(2):166-77."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilson, 1983",
          "ref": "Wilson PH, Goldin JC, Charbonneau-Powis M. Comparative efficacy of behavioral and cognitive treatments of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1983;7(2):111-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zu, 2014",
          "ref": "Zu S, Xiang Y-T, Liu J, Zhang L, Wang G, Ma X, et al. A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy, antidepressants, their combination and standard treatment for Chinese patients with moderate–severe major depressive disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2014;152-154:262-7."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 942,
      "instr": "HDRS-17",
      "full": "Hamilton Depression Rating Scale - 17 item version",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Control condition",
      "sgv": "Care as usual",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 41,
      "k_es": 49,
      "sd": 6.223,
      "lo": 5.591,
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      "tau2": 0.1136,
      "tau2w": null,
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      "phi": 12.152,
      "i2": 95.2,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakagawa, 2017",
          "ref": "Nakagawa, A., Mitsuda, D., Sado, M., Abe, T., Fujisawa, D., Kikuchi, T., . . . Ono, Y. (2017). Effectiveness of supplementary cognitive-behavioral therapy for pharmacotherapy-resistant depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of clinical psychiatry, 78(8), 1126-1135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Neugebauer, 2006",
          "ref": "Neugebauer R, Kline J, Markowitz JC, Bleiberg KL, Baxi L, Rosing MA, et al. Pilot randomized controlled trial of interpersonal counseling for subsyndromal depression following miscarriage. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2006;67(8):1299-304."
        },
        {
          "study": "Poleshuck, 2014",
          "ref": "Poleshuck EL, Gamble SA, Bellenger K, Lu N, Tu X, Sorensen S, et al. Randomized controlled trial of interpersonal psychotherapy versus enhanced treatment as usual for women with co-occurring depression and pelvic pain. Journal of psychosomatic research. 2014;77(4):264-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Propst, 1992",
          "ref": "Propst LR, Ostrom R, Watkins P, Dean T, Mashburn D. Comparative efficacy of religious and nonreligious cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of clinical depression in religious individuals. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1992;60(1):94-103."
        },
        {
          "study": "Raue, 2019",
          "ref": "Raue, P. J., Sirey, J. A., Dawson, A., Berman, J., & Bruce, M. L. (2019). Lay-delivered behavioral activation for depressed senior center clients: Pilot RCT. International journal of geriatric psychiatry, 34(11), 1715-1723. doi:10.1002/gps.5186"
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell, 2020",
          "ref": "Russell, A., Gaunt, D. M., Cooper, K., Barton, S., Horwood, J., Kessler, D., . . . et al. (2019). The feasibility of low-intensity psychological therapy for depression co-occurring with autism in adults: the Autism Depression Trial (ADEPT) – a pilot randomised controlled trial. Autism. doi:10.1177/1362361319889272"
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2021",
          "ref": "Safren, S. A., O'Cleirigh, C., Andersen, L. S., Magidson, J. F., Lee, J. S., Bainter, S. A., . . . Joska, J. A. (2021). Treating depression and improving adherence in HIV care with task-shared cognitive behavioural therapy in Khayelitsha, South Africa: a randomized controlled trial. J Int AIDS Soc, 24(10), e25823. doi:10.1002/jia2.25823"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulberg, 1996",
          "ref": "Schulberg HC, Block MR, Madonia MJ, Scott CP, Rodriguez E, Imber SD, et al. Treating major depression in primary care practice. Eight-month clinical outcomes. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1996;53(10):913-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1992",
          "ref": "Scott AI, Freeman CP. Edinburgh primary care depression study: Treatment outcome, patient satisfaction, and cost after 16 weeks. BMJ. 1992;304(6831):883-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1997",
          "ref": "Scott C, Tacchi MJ, Jones R, Scott J. Acute and one-year outcome of a randomised controlled trial of brief cognitive therapy for major depressive disorder in primary care. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1997;171:131-4."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Swartz, 2008",
          "ref": "Swartz HA, Frank E, Zuckoff A, Cyranowski JM, Houck PR, Cheng Y, et al. Brief interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed mothers whose children are receiving psychiatric treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;165(9):1155-62."
        },
        {
          "study": "Talbot, 2011",
          "ref": "Talbot NL, Chaudron LH, Ward EA, Duberstein PR, Conwell Y, O'Hara MW, et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed women with sexual abuse histories. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(4):374-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Verduyn, 2003",
          "ref": "Verduyn C, Barrowclough C, Roberts J, Tarrier N, Harrington R. Maternal depression and child behaviour problems: Randomised placebo-controlled trial of a cognitive-behavioural group intervention. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;183(OCT.):342-8."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Vitriol VG, Ballesteros ST, Florenzano RU, Weil KP, Benadof DF. Evaluation of an outpatient intervention for women with severe depression and a history of childhood trauma. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(7):936-42."
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          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
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          "ref": "Zu S, Xiang Y-T, Liu J, Zhang L, Wang G, Ma X, et al. A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy, antidepressants, their combination and standard treatment for Chinese patients with moderate–severe major depressive disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2014;152-154:262-7."
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          "ref": "Aguilar-Raab C, Winter F, Warth M, Stoffel M, Moessner M, Hernández C, et al. A compassion-based treatment for couples with the female partner suffering from current depressive disorder: A randomized-controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2023;342:127-38."
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          "ref": "Baumeister, H., Paganini, S., Sander, L. B., Lin, J., Schlicker, S., Terhorst, Y., Moshagen, M., Bengel, J., Lehr, D., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effectiveness of a Guided Internet- and Mobile-Based Intervention for Patients with Chronic Back Pain and Depression (WARD-BP): A Multicenter, Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 90(4), 255-268. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511881"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carr, 2017",
          "ref": "Carr, A., Finnegan, L., Griffin, E., Cotter, P., & Hyland, A. (2017). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Say Yes to Life (SYTL) Positive Psychology Group Psychotherapy Program for Depression: An Interim Report. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 47(3), 153-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dobkin, 2020",
          "ref": "Dobkin RD, Mann SL, Gara MA, Interian A, Rodriguez KM, Menza M. Telephone-based cognitive behavioral therapy for depression in Parkinson disease: A randomized controlled trial. Neurology. 2020;94(16):e1764-e1773."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dobkin, 2021",
          "ref": "Dobkin, R. D., Mann, S. L., Weintraub, D., Rodriguez, K. M., Miller, R. B., St. Hill, L., King, A., Gara, M. A., & Interian, A. (2021). Innovating Parkinson's Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Telemedicine Depression Treatment [Article]. Movement disorders, 36(11), 2549-2558. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.28548"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fann, 2015",
          "ref": "Fann JR, Bombardier CH, Vannoy S, Dyer J, Ludman E, Dikmen S, et al. Telephone and in-person cognitive behavioral therapy for major depression after traumatic brain injury: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of neurotrauma. 2015;32(1):45-57."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonagy, 2015",
          "ref": "Fonagy P, Rost F, Carlyle JA, McPherson S, Thomas R, Pasco Fearon RM, et al. Pragmatic randomized controlled trial of long-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy for treatment-resistant depression: The Tavistock Adult Depression Study (TADS). World Psychiatry. 2015;14(3):312-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freedland, 2009",
          "ref": "Freedland KE, Skala JA, Carney RM, Rubin EH, Lustman PJ, D·vila-Rom·n VG, et al. Treatment of depression after coronary artery bypass surgery: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2009;66(4):387-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freedland, 2015",
          "ref": "Freedland KE, Carney RM, Rich MW, Steinmeyer BC, Rubin EH. Cognitive behavior therapy for depression and self-care in heart failure patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2015;175(11):1773-82."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gellis, 2008",
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        },
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          "study": "Gellis, 2010",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zu, 2014",
          "ref": "Zu S, Xiang Y-T, Liu J, Zhang L, Wang G, Ma X, et al. A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy, antidepressants, their combination and standard treatment for Chinese patients with moderate–severe major depressive disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2014;152-154:262-7."
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          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
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        }
      ]
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        {
          "study": "Aguilar-Raab, 2023",
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        },
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    },
    {
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        {
          "study": "Amano, 2023",
          "ref": "Amano, M., Katayama, N., Umeda, S., Terasawa, Y., Tabuchi, H., Kikuchi, T., . . . Nakagawa, A. (2023). The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on future thinking in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.997154"
        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson, 2012",
          "ref": "Johnson JE, Zlotnick C. Pilot study of treatment for major depression among women prisoners with substance use disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2012;46(9):1174-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mynors-Wallis, 1995",
          "ref": "Mynors-Wallis L, Gath D, Lloyd-Thomas A, Tomlinson D. Randomised controlled trial comparing problem solving treatment with amitriptyline and placebo for major depression in primary care. BMJ. 1995;310(6977):441-5."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahman, 2008",
          "ref": "Rahman A, Malik A, Sikander S, Roberts C, Creed F. Cognitive behaviour therapy-based intervention by community health workers for mothers with depression and their infants in rural Pakistan: A cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;372(9642):902-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rosso, 2017",
          "ref": "Rosso, I. M., Killgore, W. D., Olson, E. A., Webb, C. A., Fukunaga, R., Auerbach, R. P., Gogel, H., Buchholz, J. L., & Rauch, S. L. Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 34(3), 236-245. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5540163/pdf/nihms884093.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1987",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Hamblin D, Beutler L. Bibliotherapy for depressed older adults: A self-help alternative. The Gerontologist. 1987;27(3):383-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheeber, 2017",
          "ref": "Sheeber, L., Feil, E., Seeley, J., Leve, C., Gau, J., Davis, B., . . . Allan, S. (2017). Mom-net: evaluation of an internet-facilitated cognitive behavioral intervention for low-income depressed mothers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(4), 355-366."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shih, 2021",
          "ref": "Shih, V. W. Y., Chan, W. C., Tai, O. K., Wong, H. L., Cheng, C. P. W., & Wong, C. S. M. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Late-Life Depression: a Randomised Controlled Trial. East Asian Arch Psychiatry, 31(2), 27-35. doi:10.12809/eaap2075"
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        }
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          "study": "Amano, 2023",
          "ref": "Amano, M., Katayama, N., Umeda, S., Terasawa, Y., Tabuchi, H., Kikuchi, T., . . . Nakagawa, A. (2023). The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on future thinking in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.997154"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berman, 2022",
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        },
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          "study": "Dimidjian, 2006",
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        },
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        },
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        }
      ]
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        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
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        {
          "study": "Raue, 2019",
          "ref": "Raue, P. J., Sirey, J. A., Dawson, A., Berman, J., & Bruce, M. L. (2019). Lay-delivered behavioral activation for depressed senior center clients: Pilot RCT. International journal of geriatric psychiatry, 34(11), 1715-1723. doi:10.1002/gps.5186"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rehm, 1981",
          "ref": "Rehm LP, Kornblith SJ, O'Hara MW, Lamparski DM, Romano JM, Volkin JI. An evaluation of major components in a self-control therapy program for depression. Behavior modification. 1981;5(4):459-89."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rosso, 2017",
          "ref": "Rosso, I. M., Killgore, W. D., Olson, E. A., Webb, C. A., Fukunaga, R., Auerbach, R. P., Gogel, H., Buchholz, J. L., & Rauch, S. L. Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 34(3), 236-245. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5540163/pdf/nihms884093.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell, 2020",
          "ref": "Russell, A., Gaunt, D. M., Cooper, K., Barton, S., Horwood, J., Kessler, D., . . . et al. (2019). The feasibility of low-intensity psychological therapy for depression co-occurring with autism in adults: the Autism Depression Trial (ADEPT) – a pilot randomised controlled trial. Autism. doi:10.1177/1362361319889272"
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2009",
          "ref": "Safren SA, O'Cleirigh C, Tan JY, Raminani SR, Reilly LC, Otto MW, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for adherence and depression (CBT-AD) in HIV-infected individuals. Health Psychology. 2009;28(1):1-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2021",
          "ref": "Safren, S. A., O'Cleirigh, C., Andersen, L. S., Magidson, J. F., Lee, J. S., Bainter, S. A., . . . Joska, J. A. (2021). Treating depression and improving adherence in HIV care with task-shared cognitive behavioural therapy in Khayelitsha, South Africa: a randomized controlled trial. J Int AIDS Soc, 24(10), e25823. doi:10.1002/jia2.25823"
        },
        {
          "study": "Savard, 2006",
          "ref": "Savard J, Simard S, Giguere I, Ivers H, Morin CM, Maunsell E, et al. Randomized clinical trial on cognitive therapy for depression in women with metastatic breast cancer: Psychological and immunological effects. Palliative and Supportive Care. 2006;4(3):219-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulberg, 1996",
          "ref": "Schulberg HC, Block MR, Madonia MJ, Scott CP, Rodriguez E, Imber SD, et al. Treating major depression in primary care practice. Eight-month clinical outcomes. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1996;53(10):913-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1987",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Hamblin D, Beutler L. Bibliotherapy for depressed older adults: A self-help alternative. The Gerontologist. 1987;27(3):383-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1989",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Jamison C, Gochneaur K. Comparative efficacy of cognitive and behavioral bibliotherapy for mildly and moderately depressed older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989;57(3):403-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1992",
          "ref": "Scott AI, Freeman CP. Edinburgh primary care depression study: Treatment outcome, patient satisfaction, and cost after 16 weeks. BMJ. 1992;304(6831):883-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1997",
          "ref": "Scott C, Tacchi MJ, Jones R, Scott J. Acute and one-year outcome of a randomised controlled trial of brief cognitive therapy for major depressive disorder in primary care. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1997;171:131-4."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Selmi, 1990",
          "ref": "Selmi PM, Klein MH, Greist JH, Sorrell SP, Erdman HP. Computer-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1990;147(1):51-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shah, 2018",
          "ref": "Shah, A., Morthland, M., Scogin, F., Presnell, A., DiNapoli, E. A., DeCoster, J., & Yang, X. (2018). Audio and Computer Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior Therapy, 49(6), 904‐916."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheeber, 2017",
          "ref": "Sheeber, L., Feil, E., Seeley, J., Leve, C., Gau, J., Davis, B., . . . Allan, S. (2017). Mom-net: evaluation of an internet-facilitated cognitive behavioral intervention for low-income depressed mothers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(4), 355-366."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shih, 2021",
          "ref": "Shih, V. W. Y., Chan, W. C., Tai, O. K., Wong, H. L., Cheng, C. P. W., & Wong, C. S. M. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Late-Life Depression: a Randomised Controlled Trial. East Asian Arch Psychiatry, 31(2), 27-35. doi:10.12809/eaap2075"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Swartz, 2008",
          "ref": "Swartz HA, Frank E, Zuckoff A, Cyranowski JM, Houck PR, Cheng Y, et al. Brief interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed mothers whose children are receiving psychiatric treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;165(9):1155-62."
        },
        {
          "study": "Talbot, 2011",
          "ref": "Talbot NL, Chaudron LH, Ward EA, Duberstein PR, Conwell Y, O'Hara MW, et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed women with sexual abuse histories. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(4):374-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 2009",
          "ref": "Taylor CB, Conrad A, Wilhelm FH, Strachowski D, Khaylis A, Neri E, et al. Does improving mood in depressed patients alter factors that may affect cardiovascular disease risk? Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2009;43(16):1246-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tong, 2020",
          "ref": "Tong, P., Bu, P., Yang, Y., Dong, L., Sun, T., & Shi, Y. (2019). Group cognitive behavioural therapy can reduce stigma and improve treatment compliance in major depressive disorder patients. Early intervention in psychiatry. doi:10.1111/eip.12841"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tovote, 2014",
          "ref": "Tovote KA, Fleer J, Snippe E, Peeters A, Emmelkamp PMG, Sanderman R, et al. Individual mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for treating depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2014;37(9):2427-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Verduyn, 2003",
          "ref": "Verduyn C, Barrowclough C, Roberts J, Tarrier N, Harrington R. Maternal depression and child behaviour problems: Randomised placebo-controlled trial of a cognitive-behavioural group intervention. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;183(OCT.):342-8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vitriol, 2009",
          "ref": "Vitriol VG, Ballesteros ST, Florenzano RU, Weil KP, Benadof DF. Evaluation of an outpatient intervention for women with severe depression and a history of childhood trauma. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(7):936-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watt, 2000",
          "ref": "Watt LM, Cappeliez P. Integrative and instrumental reminiscence therapies for depression in older adults: Intervention strategies and treatment effectiveness. Aging and Mental Health. 2000;4(2):166-77."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilson, 1983",
          "ref": "Wilson PH, Goldin JC, Charbonneau-Powis M. Comparative efficacy of behavioral and cognitive treatments of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1983;7(2):111-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zu, 2014",
          "ref": "Zu S, Xiang Y-T, Liu J, Zhang L, Wang G, Ma X, et al. A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy, antidepressants, their combination and standard treatment for Chinese patients with moderate–severe major depressive disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2014;152-154:262-7."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Arean, 1993",
          "ref": "Arean PA, Perri MG, Nezu AM, Schein RL, Christopher F, Joseph TX. Comparative effectiveness of social problem-solving therapy and reminiscence therapy as treatments for depression in older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1993;61(6):1003-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Beevers, 2017",
          "ref": "Beevers, C., Pearson, R., Hoffman, J., Foulser, A., Shumake, J., & Meyer, B. (2017). Effectiveness of an internet intervention (Deprexis) for depression in a united states adult sample: a parallel-group pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(4), 367-380."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chan, 2012",
          "ref": "Chan AS, Wong QY, Sze SL, Kwong PP, Han YM, Cheung MC. A Chinese Chan-based mind-body intervention for patients with depression. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2012;142(1-3):283-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cukor, 2014",
          "ref": "Cukor, D., Ver Halen, N., Asher, D. R., Coplan, J. D., Weedon, J., Wyka, K. E., . . . Kimmel, P. L. (2014). Psychosocial intervention improves depression, quality of life, and fluid adherence in hemodialysis. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 25(1), 196-206. doi:https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2012111134"
        },
        {
          "study": "De Jong, 2018",
          "ref": "De Jong M, Peeters F, Gard T, et al. A randomized controlled pilot study on mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for unipolar depression in patients with chronic pain. Journal of clinical psychiatry 2018; 79(1): 26‐34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Desautels, 2018",
          "ref": "Desautels, C., Savard, J., Ivers, H., Savard, M. H., & Caplette-Gingras, A. (2018). Treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive therapy and bright light therapy [Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial]. Health Psychology, 37(1), 1‐13. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000539"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dobkin, 2011",
          "ref": "Dobkin RD, Menza M, Allen LA, Gara MA, Mark MH, Tiu J, et al. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression in Parkinson's disease: A randomized, controlled trial. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2011;168(10):1066-74."
        },
        {
          "study": "Forand, 2018",
          "ref": "Forand NR, Barnett JG, Strunk DR, Hindiyeh MU, Feinberg JE, Keefe JR. Efficacy of Guided iCBT for Depression and Mediation of Change by Cognitive Skill Acquisition. Behavior Therapy 2018; 49(2): 295-307."
        },
        {
          "study": "Harley, 2008",
          "ref": "Harley R, Sprich S, Safren S, Jacobo M, Fava M. Adaptation of dialectical behavior therapy skills training group for treatment-resistant depression. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 2008;196(2):136-43."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hummel, 2017",
          "ref": "Hummel, J., Weisbrod, C., Boesch, L., Himpler, K., Hauer, K., Hautzinger, M., . . . Kopf, D. (2017). AIDE–Acute Illness and Depression in Elderly Patients. Cognitive Behavioral Group Psychotherapy in Geriatric Patients With Comorbid Depression: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Journal of the american medical directors association, 18(4), 341-349."
        },
        {
          "study": "Larcombe, 1984",
          "ref": "Larcombe NA, Wilson PH. An evaluation of cognitive-behaviour therapy for depression in patients with multiple sclerosis. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1984;145:366-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Maina, 2005",
          "ref": "Maina G, Forner F, Bogetto F. Randomized controlled trial comparing brief dynamic and supportive therapy with waiting list condition in minor depressive disorders. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2005;74(1):43-50."
        },
        {
          "study": "McIndoo, 2016",
          "ref": "McIndoo CC, File AA, Preddy T, Clark CG, Hopko DR. Mindfulness-based therapy and behavioral activation: A randomized controlled trial with depressed college students. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2016;77:118-28."
        },
        {
          "study": "Moon, 2021",
          "ref": "Moon, J. R., Huh, J., Song, J., Kang, I. S., Park, S. W., Chang, S. A., . . . Han, J. S. (2021). The effects of rational emotive behavior therapy for depressive symptoms in adults with congenital heart disease. Heart Lung, 50(6), 906-913. doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2021.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakao, 2018",
          "ref": "Nakao, S., Nakagawa, A., Oguchi, Y., Mitsuda, D., Kato, N., Nakagawa, Y., Tamura, N., Kudo, Y., Abe, T., Hiyama, M., Iwashita, S., Ono, Y., & Mimura, M. Web-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Blended With Face-to-Face Sessions for Major Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(9), e10743."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nezu, 1989",
          "ref": "Nezu AM, Perri MG. Social problem-solving therapy for unipolar depression: An initial dismantling investigation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989;57(3):408-13."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Hara, 2000",
          "ref": "O'Hara MW, Stuart S, Gorman LL, Wenzel A. Efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2000;57(11):1039-45."
        },
        {
          "study": "Okeke, 2023",
          "ref": "Okeke NM, Onah BN, Ekwealor NE, Ekwueme SC, Ezugwu JO, Edeh EN, et al. Effect of a randomized group intervention for depression among Nigerian pre-service adult education teachers. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023;102(27):e34159."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pardini, 2014 (study 2)",
          "ref": "Pardini J, Scogin F, Schriver J, Domino M, Wilson D, LaRocca M. Efficacy and process of cognitive bibliotherapy for the treatment of depression in jail and prison inmates. Psychological services 2014-11(2): 141-52. (study2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pecheur, 1984",
          "ref": "Pecheur DR, Edwards KJ. A comparison of secular and religious versions of cognitive therapy with depressed Christian college students. Journal of Psychology and Theology. 1984."
        },
        {
          "study": "Propst, 1992",
          "ref": "Propst LR, Ostrom R, Watkins P, Dean T, Mashburn D. Comparative efficacy of religious and nonreligious cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of clinical depression in religious individuals. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1992;60(1):94-103."
        },
        {
          "study": "Qiu, 2013",
          "ref": "Qiu J, Chen W, Gao X, Xu Y, Tong H, Yang M, et al. A randomized controlled trial of group cognitive behavioral therapy for Chinese breast cancer patients with major depression. Journal of psychosomatic obstetrics and gynaecology. 2013;34(2):60-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rehm, 1981",
          "ref": "Rehm LP, Kornblith SJ, O'Hara MW, Lamparski DM, Romano JM, Volkin JI. An evaluation of major components in a self-control therapy program for depression. Behavior modification. 1981;5(4):459-89."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2009",
          "ref": "Safren SA, O'Cleirigh C, Tan JY, Raminani SR, Reilly LC, Otto MW, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for adherence and depression (CBT-AD) in HIV-infected individuals. Health Psychology. 2009;28(1):1-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Savard, 2006",
          "ref": "Savard J, Simard S, Giguere I, Ivers H, Morin CM, Maunsell E, et al. Randomized clinical trial on cognitive therapy for depression in women with metastatic breast cancer: Psychological and immunological effects. Palliative and Supportive Care. 2006;4(3):219-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1987",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Hamblin D, Beutler L. Bibliotherapy for depressed older adults: A self-help alternative. The Gerontologist. 1987;27(3):383-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1989",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Jamison C, Gochneaur K. Comparative efficacy of cognitive and behavioral bibliotherapy for mildly and moderately depressed older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989;57(3):403-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Selmi, 1990",
          "ref": "Selmi PM, Klein MH, Greist JH, Sorrell SP, Erdman HP. Computer-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1990;147(1):51-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shah, 2018",
          "ref": "Shah, A., Morthland, M., Scogin, F., Presnell, A., DiNapoli, E. A., DeCoster, J., & Yang, X. (2018). Audio and Computer Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior Therapy, 49(6), 904‐916."
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 2009",
          "ref": "Taylor CB, Conrad A, Wilhelm FH, Strachowski D, Khaylis A, Neri E, et al. Does improving mood in depressed patients alter factors that may affect cardiovascular disease risk? Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2009;43(16):1246-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tong, 2020",
          "ref": "Tong, P., Bu, P., Yang, Y., Dong, L., Sun, T., & Shi, Y. (2019). Group cognitive behavioural therapy can reduce stigma and improve treatment compliance in major depressive disorder patients. Early intervention in psychiatry. doi:10.1111/eip.12841"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tovote, 2014",
          "ref": "Tovote KA, Fleer J, Snippe E, Peeters A, Emmelkamp PMG, Sanderman R, et al. Individual mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for treating depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2014;37(9):2427-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watt, 2000",
          "ref": "Watt LM, Cappeliez P. Integrative and instrumental reminiscence therapies for depression in older adults: Intervention strategies and treatment effectiveness. Aging and Mental Health. 2000;4(2):166-77."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilson, 1983",
          "ref": "Wilson PH, Goldin JC, Charbonneau-Powis M. Comparative efficacy of behavioral and cognitive treatments of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1983;7(2):111-24."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Arean, 1993",
          "ref": "Arean PA, Perri MG, Nezu AM, Schein RL, Christopher F, Joseph TX. Comparative effectiveness of social problem-solving therapy and reminiscence therapy as treatments for depression in older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1993;61(6):1003-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Beevers, 2017",
          "ref": "Beevers, C., Pearson, R., Hoffman, J., Foulser, A., Shumake, J., & Meyer, B. (2017). Effectiveness of an internet intervention (Deprexis) for depression in a united states adult sample: a parallel-group pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(4), 367-380."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chan, 2012",
          "ref": "Chan AS, Wong QY, Sze SL, Kwong PP, Han YM, Cheung MC. A Chinese Chan-based mind-body intervention for patients with depression. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2012;142(1-3):283-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cukor, 2014",
          "ref": "Cukor, D., Ver Halen, N., Asher, D. R., Coplan, J. D., Weedon, J., Wyka, K. E., . . . Kimmel, P. L. (2014). Psychosocial intervention improves depression, quality of life, and fluid adherence in hemodialysis. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 25(1), 196-206. doi:https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2012111134"
        },
        {
          "study": "De Jong, 2018",
          "ref": "De Jong M, Peeters F, Gard T, et al. A randomized controlled pilot study on mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for unipolar depression in patients with chronic pain. Journal of clinical psychiatry 2018; 79(1): 26‐34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Desautels, 2018",
          "ref": "Desautels, C., Savard, J., Ivers, H., Savard, M. H., & Caplette-Gingras, A. (2018). Treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive therapy and bright light therapy [Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial]. Health Psychology, 37(1), 1‐13. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000539"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dobkin, 2011",
          "ref": "Dobkin RD, Menza M, Allen LA, Gara MA, Mark MH, Tiu J, et al. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression in Parkinson's disease: A randomized, controlled trial. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2011;168(10):1066-74."
        },
        {
          "study": "Forand, 2018",
          "ref": "Forand NR, Barnett JG, Strunk DR, Hindiyeh MU, Feinberg JE, Keefe JR. Efficacy of Guided iCBT for Depression and Mediation of Change by Cognitive Skill Acquisition. Behavior Therapy 2018; 49(2): 295-307."
        },
        {
          "study": "Harley, 2008",
          "ref": "Harley R, Sprich S, Safren S, Jacobo M, Fava M. Adaptation of dialectical behavior therapy skills training group for treatment-resistant depression. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 2008;196(2):136-43."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hummel, 2017",
          "ref": "Hummel, J., Weisbrod, C., Boesch, L., Himpler, K., Hauer, K., Hautzinger, M., . . . Kopf, D. (2017). AIDE–Acute Illness and Depression in Elderly Patients. Cognitive Behavioral Group Psychotherapy in Geriatric Patients With Comorbid Depression: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Journal of the american medical directors association, 18(4), 341-349."
        },
        {
          "study": "Larcombe, 1984",
          "ref": "Larcombe NA, Wilson PH. An evaluation of cognitive-behaviour therapy for depression in patients with multiple sclerosis. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1984;145:366-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Maina, 2005",
          "ref": "Maina G, Forner F, Bogetto F. Randomized controlled trial comparing brief dynamic and supportive therapy with waiting list condition in minor depressive disorders. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2005;74(1):43-50."
        },
        {
          "study": "McIndoo, 2016",
          "ref": "McIndoo CC, File AA, Preddy T, Clark CG, Hopko DR. Mindfulness-based therapy and behavioral activation: A randomized controlled trial with depressed college students. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2016;77:118-28."
        },
        {
          "study": "Moon, 2021",
          "ref": "Moon, J. R., Huh, J., Song, J., Kang, I. S., Park, S. W., Chang, S. A., . . . Han, J. S. (2021). The effects of rational emotive behavior therapy for depressive symptoms in adults with congenital heart disease. Heart Lung, 50(6), 906-913. doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2021.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakao, 2018",
          "ref": "Nakao, S., Nakagawa, A., Oguchi, Y., Mitsuda, D., Kato, N., Nakagawa, Y., Tamura, N., Kudo, Y., Abe, T., Hiyama, M., Iwashita, S., Ono, Y., & Mimura, M. Web-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Blended With Face-to-Face Sessions for Major Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(9), e10743."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nezu, 1989",
          "ref": "Nezu AM, Perri MG. Social problem-solving therapy for unipolar depression: An initial dismantling investigation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989;57(3):408-13."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Hara, 2000",
          "ref": "O'Hara MW, Stuart S, Gorman LL, Wenzel A. Efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2000;57(11):1039-45."
        },
        {
          "study": "Okeke, 2023",
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      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
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          "ref": "Chan AS, Wong QY, Sze SL, Kwong PP, Han YM, Cheung MC. A Chinese Chan-based mind-body intervention for patients with depression. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2012;142(1-3):283-9."
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          "ref": "Nakao, S., Nakagawa, A., Oguchi, Y., Mitsuda, D., Kato, N., Nakagawa, Y., Tamura, N., Kudo, Y., Abe, T., Hiyama, M., Iwashita, S., Ono, Y., & Mimura, M. Web-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Blended With Face-to-Face Sessions for Major Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(9), e10743."
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          "ref": "Qiu J, Chen W, Gao X, Xu Y, Tong H, Yang M, et al. A randomized controlled trial of group cognitive behavioral therapy for Chinese breast cancer patients with major depression. Journal of psychosomatic obstetrics and gynaecology. 2013;34(2):60-7."
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          "ref": "Liu, H., & Yang, Y. (2021). Effects of a psychological nursing intervention on prevention of anxiety and depression in the postpartum period: a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Annals of General Psychiatry, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00320-4"
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          "ref": "Qiu J, Chen W, Gao X, Xu Y, Tong H, Yang M, et al. A randomized controlled trial of group cognitive behavioral therapy for Chinese breast cancer patients with major depression. Journal of psychosomatic obstetrics and gynaecology. 2013;34(2):60-7."
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        },
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          "ref": "Amano, M., Katayama, N., Umeda, S., Terasawa, Y., Tabuchi, H., Kikuchi, T., . . . Nakagawa, A. (2023). The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on future thinking in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.997154"
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        },
        {
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        }
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          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ren, 2019",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
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        }
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "ref": "Verduyn C, Barrowclough C, Roberts J, Tarrier N, Harrington R. Maternal depression and child behaviour problems: Randomised placebo-controlled trial of a cognitive-behavioural group intervention. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;183(OCT.):342-8."
        },
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          "study": "Vitriol, 2009",
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        },
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          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Watt LM, Cappeliez P. Integrative and instrumental reminiscence therapies for depression in older adults: Intervention strategies and treatment effectiveness. Aging and Mental Health. 2000;4(2):166-77."
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          "ref": "Wilson PH, Goldin JC, Charbonneau-Powis M. Comparative efficacy of behavioral and cognitive treatments of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1983;7(2):111-24."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Fonagy P, Rost F, Carlyle JA, McPherson S, Thomas R, Pasco Fearon RM, et al. Pragmatic randomized controlled trial of long-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy for treatment-resistant depression: The Tavistock Adult Depression Study (TADS). World Psychiatry. 2015;14(3):312-21."
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          "ref": "Jelinek L, Hauschildt M, Wittekind CE, Schneider BC, Kriston L, Moritz S. Efficacy of metacognitive training for depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2016;85(4):231-4."
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          "ref": "Laidlaw K, Davidson K, Toner H, Jackson G, Clark S, Law J, et al. A randomised controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy vs treatment as usual in the treatment of mild to moderate late life depression. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2008;23(8):843-50."
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          "ref": "Lynch, T. R., Hempel, R. J., Whalley, B., Byford, S., Chamba, R., Clarke, P., . . . Russell, I. T. (2019). Refractory depression - mechanisms and efficacy of radically open dialectical behaviour therapy (RefraMED): findings of a randomised trial on benefits and harms. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 1-9. doi:10.1192/bjp.2019.53"
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          "ref": "Mynors-Wallis L, Gath D, Lloyd-Thomas A, Tomlinson D. Randomised controlled trial comparing problem solving treatment with amitriptyline and placebo for major depression in primary care. BMJ. 1995;310(6977):441-5."
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          "ref": "Hummel, J., Weisbrod, C., Boesch, L., Himpler, K., Hauer, K., Hautzinger, M., . . . Kopf, D. (2017). AIDE–Acute Illness and Depression in Elderly Patients. Cognitive Behavioral Group Psychotherapy in Geriatric Patients With Comorbid Depression: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Journal of the american medical directors association, 18(4), 341-349."
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          "ref": "Jelinek L, Hauschildt M, Wittekind CE, Schneider BC, Kriston L, Moritz S. Efficacy of metacognitive training for depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2016;85(4):231-4."
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          "ref": "Laidlaw K, Davidson K, Toner H, Jackson G, Clark S, Law J, et al. A randomised controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy vs treatment as usual in the treatment of mild to moderate late life depression. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2008;23(8):843-50."
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          "ref": "Lynch, T. R., Hempel, R. J., Whalley, B., Byford, S., Chamba, R., Clarke, P., . . . Russell, I. T. (2019). Refractory depression - mechanisms and efficacy of radically open dialectical behaviour therapy (RefraMED): findings of a randomised trial on benefits and harms. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 1-9. doi:10.1192/bjp.2019.53"
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          "ref": "Mynors-Wallis L, Gath D, Lloyd-Thomas A, Tomlinson D. Randomised controlled trial comparing problem solving treatment with amitriptyline and placebo for major depression in primary care. BMJ. 1995;310(6977):441-5."
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          "ref": "Russell, A., Gaunt, D. M., Cooper, K., Barton, S., Horwood, J., Kessler, D., . . . et al. (2019). The feasibility of low-intensity psychological therapy for depression co-occurring with autism in adults: the Autism Depression Trial (ADEPT) – a pilot randomised controlled trial. Autism. doi:10.1177/1362361319889272"
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          "ref": "Scott C, Tacchi MJ, Jones R, Scott J. Acute and one-year outcome of a randomised controlled trial of brief cognitive therapy for major depressive disorder in primary care. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1997;171:131-4."
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          "ref": "Tovote KA, Fleer J, Snippe E, Peeters A, Emmelkamp PMG, Sanderman R, et al. Individual mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for treating depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2014;37(9):2427-34."
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          "ref": "Verduyn C, Barrowclough C, Roberts J, Tarrier N, Harrington R. Maternal depression and child behaviour problems: Randomised placebo-controlled trial of a cognitive-behavioural group intervention. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;183(OCT.):342-8."
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          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ren, 2019",
          "ref": "Ren W, Qiu H, Yang Y, Zhu X, Zhu C, Mao G, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for depressive and anxiety symptoms in Chinese women with breast cancer. Psychiatry Research. 2019;271:52-9."
        },
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          "study": "Yan, 2022",
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        }
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          "ref": "Aguilar-Raab C, Winter F, Warth M, Stoffel M, Moessner M, Hernández C, et al. A compassion-based treatment for couples with the female partner suffering from current depressive disorder: A randomized-controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2023;342:127-38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Amano, 2023",
          "ref": "Amano, M., Katayama, N., Umeda, S., Terasawa, Y., Tabuchi, H., Kikuchi, T., . . . Nakagawa, A. (2023). The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on future thinking in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.997154"
        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Arean, 1993",
          "ref": "Arean PA, Perri MG, Nezu AM, Schein RL, Christopher F, Joseph TX. Comparative effectiveness of social problem-solving therapy and reminiscence therapy as treatments for depression in older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1993;61(6):1003-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Baumeister, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumeister, H., Paganini, S., Sander, L. B., Lin, J., Schlicker, S., Terhorst, Y., Moshagen, M., Bengel, J., Lehr, D., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effectiveness of a Guided Internet- and Mobile-Based Intervention for Patients with Chronic Back Pain and Depression (WARD-BP): A Multicenter, Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 90(4), 255-268. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511881"
        },
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        }
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      "refs": [
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        {
          "study": "Dobkin, 2021",
          "ref": "Dobkin, R. D., Mann, S. L., Weintraub, D., Rodriguez, K. M., Miller, R. B., St. Hill, L., King, A., Gara, M. A., & Interian, A. (2021). Innovating Parkinson's Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Telemedicine Depression Treatment [Article]. Movement disorders, 36(11), 2549-2558. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.28548"
        },
        {
          "study": "Elkin, 1989",
          "ref": "Elkin I, Shea MT, Watkins JT, Imber SD, Sotsky SM, Collins JF, et al. National institute of mental health treatment of depression collaborative research program. General effectiveness of treatments. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1989;46(11):971-82; discussion 83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fann, 2015",
          "ref": "Fann JR, Bombardier CH, Vannoy S, Dyer J, Ludman E, Dikmen S, et al. Telephone and in-person cognitive behavioral therapy for major depression after traumatic brain injury: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of neurotrauma. 2015;32(1):45-57."
        },
        {
          "study": "Forand, 2018",
          "ref": "Forand NR, Barnett JG, Strunk DR, Hindiyeh MU, Feinberg JE, Keefe JR. Efficacy of Guided iCBT for Depression and Mediation of Change by Cognitive Skill Acquisition. Behavior Therapy 2018; 49(2): 295-307."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freedland, 2009",
          "ref": "Freedland KE, Skala JA, Carney RM, Rubin EH, Lustman PJ, D·vila-Rom·n VG, et al. Treatment of depression after coronary artery bypass surgery: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2009;66(4):387-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freedland, 2015",
          "ref": "Freedland KE, Carney RM, Rich MW, Steinmeyer BC, Rubin EH. Cognitive behavior therapy for depression and self-care in heart failure patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2015;175(11):1773-82."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gellis, 2008",
          "ref": "Gellis ZD, McGinty J, Tierney L, Jordan C, Burton J, Misener E. Randomized controlled trial of problem-solving therapy for minor depression in home care. Research on Social Work Practice. 2008;18(6):596-606."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gellis, 2010",
          "ref": "Gellis ZD, Bruce ML. Problem solving therapy for subthreshold depression in home healthcare patients with cardiovascular disease. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2010;18(6):464-74."
        },
        {
          "study": "Harley, 2008",
          "ref": "Harley R, Sprich S, Safren S, Jacobo M, Fava M. Adaptation of dialectical behavior therapy skills training group for treatment-resistant depression. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 2008;196(2):136-43."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson, 2012",
          "ref": "Johnson JE, Zlotnick C. Pilot study of treatment for major depression among women prisoners with substance use disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2012;46(9):1174-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kanter, 2015",
          "ref": "Kanter JW, Santiago-Rivera AL, Santos MM, Nagy G, López M, Hurtado GD, et al. A randomized hybrid efficacy and effectiveness trial of behavioral activation for latinos with depression. Behavior Therapy. 2015;46(2):177-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "McIndoo, 2016",
          "ref": "McIndoo CC, File AA, Preddy T, Clark CG, Hopko DR. Mindfulness-based therapy and behavioral activation: A randomized controlled trial with depressed college students. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2016;77:118-28."
        },
        {
          "study": "Miranda, 2003",
          "ref": "Miranda J, Chung JY, Green BL, Krupnick J, Siddique J, Revicki DA, et al. Treating depression in predominantly low-income young minority women: A randomized controlled trial. Jama. 2003;290(1):57-65."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohr, 2011",
          "ref": "Mohr DC, Carmody T, Erickson L, Jin L, Leader J. Telephone-administered cognitive behavioral therapy for veterans served by community-based outpatient clinics. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2011;79(2):261-5."
        },
        {
          "study": "Neugebauer, 2006",
          "ref": "Neugebauer R, Kline J, Markowitz JC, Bleiberg KL, Baxi L, Rosing MA, et al. Pilot randomized controlled trial of interpersonal counseling for subsyndromal depression following miscarriage. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2006;67(8):1299-304."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nezu, 1989",
          "ref": "Nezu AM, Perri MG. Social problem-solving therapy for unipolar depression: An initial dismantling investigation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989;57(3):408-13."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Hara, 2000",
          "ref": "O'Hara MW, Stuart S, Gorman LL, Wenzel A. Efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2000;57(11):1039-45."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pardini, 2014 (study 2)",
          "ref": "Pardini J, Scogin F, Schriver J, Domino M, Wilson D, LaRocca M. Efficacy and process of cognitive bibliotherapy for the treatment of depression in jail and prison inmates. Psychological services 2014-11(2): 141-52. (study2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pecheur, 1984",
          "ref": "Pecheur DR, Edwards KJ. A comparison of secular and religious versions of cognitive therapy with depressed Christian college students. Journal of Psychology and Theology. 1984."
        },
        {
          "study": "Poleshuck, 2014",
          "ref": "Poleshuck EL, Gamble SA, Bellenger K, Lu N, Tu X, Sorensen S, et al. Randomized controlled trial of interpersonal psychotherapy versus enhanced treatment as usual for women with co-occurring depression and pelvic pain. Journal of psychosomatic research. 2014;77(4):264-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Propst, 1992",
          "ref": "Propst LR, Ostrom R, Watkins P, Dean T, Mashburn D. Comparative efficacy of religious and nonreligious cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of clinical depression in religious individuals. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1992;60(1):94-103."
        },
        {
          "study": "Raue, 2019",
          "ref": "Raue, P. J., Sirey, J. A., Dawson, A., Berman, J., & Bruce, M. L. (2019). Lay-delivered behavioral activation for depressed senior center clients: Pilot RCT. International journal of geriatric psychiatry, 34(11), 1715-1723. doi:10.1002/gps.5186"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rehm, 1981",
          "ref": "Rehm LP, Kornblith SJ, O'Hara MW, Lamparski DM, Romano JM, Volkin JI. An evaluation of major components in a self-control therapy program for depression. Behavior modification. 1981;5(4):459-89."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rosso, 2017",
          "ref": "Rosso, I. M., Killgore, W. D., Olson, E. A., Webb, C. A., Fukunaga, R., Auerbach, R. P., Gogel, H., Buchholz, J. L., & Rauch, S. L. Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 34(3), 236-245. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5540163/pdf/nihms884093.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2009",
          "ref": "Safren SA, O'Cleirigh C, Tan JY, Raminani SR, Reilly LC, Otto MW, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for adherence and depression (CBT-AD) in HIV-infected individuals. Health Psychology. 2009;28(1):1-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Savard, 2006",
          "ref": "Savard J, Simard S, Giguere I, Ivers H, Morin CM, Maunsell E, et al. Randomized clinical trial on cognitive therapy for depression in women with metastatic breast cancer: Psychological and immunological effects. Palliative and Supportive Care. 2006;4(3):219-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulberg, 1996",
          "ref": "Schulberg HC, Block MR, Madonia MJ, Scott CP, Rodriguez E, Imber SD, et al. Treating major depression in primary care practice. Eight-month clinical outcomes. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1996;53(10):913-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1987",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Hamblin D, Beutler L. Bibliotherapy for depressed older adults: A self-help alternative. The Gerontologist. 1987;27(3):383-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1989",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Jamison C, Gochneaur K. Comparative efficacy of cognitive and behavioral bibliotherapy for mildly and moderately depressed older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989;57(3):403-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Selmi, 1990",
          "ref": "Selmi PM, Klein MH, Greist JH, Sorrell SP, Erdman HP. Computer-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1990;147(1):51-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shah, 2018",
          "ref": "Shah, A., Morthland, M., Scogin, F., Presnell, A., DiNapoli, E. A., DeCoster, J., & Yang, X. (2018). Audio and Computer Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior Therapy, 49(6), 904‐916."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheeber, 2017",
          "ref": "Sheeber, L., Feil, E., Seeley, J., Leve, C., Gau, J., Davis, B., . . . Allan, S. (2017). Mom-net: evaluation of an internet-facilitated cognitive behavioral intervention for low-income depressed mothers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(4), 355-366."
        },
        {
          "study": "Swartz, 2008",
          "ref": "Swartz HA, Frank E, Zuckoff A, Cyranowski JM, Houck PR, Cheng Y, et al. Brief interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed mothers whose children are receiving psychiatric treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;165(9):1155-62."
        },
        {
          "study": "Talbot, 2011",
          "ref": "Talbot NL, Chaudron LH, Ward EA, Duberstein PR, Conwell Y, O'Hara MW, et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed women with sexual abuse histories. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(4):374-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 2009",
          "ref": "Taylor CB, Conrad A, Wilhelm FH, Strachowski D, Khaylis A, Neri E, et al. Does improving mood in depressed patients alter factors that may affect cardiovascular disease risk? Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2009;43(16):1246-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watt, 2000",
          "ref": "Watt LM, Cappeliez P. Integrative and instrumental reminiscence therapies for depression in older adults: Intervention strategies and treatment effectiveness. Aging and Mental Health. 2000;4(2):166-77."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "full": "Hamilton Depression Rating Scale - 17 item version",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "North America",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Arean, 1993",
          "ref": "Arean PA, Perri MG, Nezu AM, Schein RL, Christopher F, Joseph TX. Comparative effectiveness of social problem-solving therapy and reminiscence therapy as treatments for depression in older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1993;61(6):1003-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Beevers, 2017",
          "ref": "Beevers, C., Pearson, R., Hoffman, J., Foulser, A., Shumake, J., & Meyer, B. (2017). Effectiveness of an internet intervention (Deprexis) for depression in a united states adult sample: a parallel-group pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(4), 367-380."
        },
        {
          "study": "Berman, 2022",
          "ref": "Berman, M. I., Park, J., Kragenbrink, M. E., & Hegel, M. T. (2022). Accept Yourself! A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Self-Acceptance-Based Treatment for Large-Bodied Women With Depression. Behav Ther, 53(5), 913-926. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.03.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Cukor, 2014",
          "ref": "Cukor, D., Ver Halen, N., Asher, D. R., Coplan, J. D., Weedon, J., Wyka, K. E., . . . Kimmel, P. L. (2014). Psychosocial intervention improves depression, quality of life, and fluid adherence in hemodialysis. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 25(1), 196-206. doi:https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2012111134"
        },
        {
          "study": "De Jong, 2018",
          "ref": "De Jong M, Peeters F, Gard T, et al. A randomized controlled pilot study on mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for unipolar depression in patients with chronic pain. Journal of clinical psychiatry 2018; 79(1): 26‐34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Desautels, 2018",
          "ref": "Desautels, C., Savard, J., Ivers, H., Savard, M. H., & Caplette-Gingras, A. (2018). Treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive therapy and bright light therapy [Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial]. Health Psychology, 37(1), 1‐13. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000539"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dimidjian, 2006",
          "ref": "Dimidjian S, Hollon SD, Dobson KS, Schmaling KB, Kohlenberg RJ, Addis ME, et al. Randomized trial of behavioral activation, cognitive therapy, and antidepressant medication in the acute treatment of adults with major depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2006;74(4):658-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dindo, 2020",
          "ref": "Dindo, L. N., Recober, A., Calarge, C. A., Zimmerman, B. M., Weinrib, A., Marchman, J. N., & Turvey, C. (2019). One-Day Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Compared to Support for Depressed Migraine Patients: a Randomized Clinical Trial. Neurotherapeutics. doi:10.1007/s13311-019-00818-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dobkin, 2011",
          "ref": "Dobkin RD, Menza M, Allen LA, Gara MA, Mark MH, Tiu J, et al. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression in Parkinson's disease: A randomized, controlled trial. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2011;168(10):1066-74."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dobkin, 2020",
          "ref": "Dobkin RD, Mann SL, Gara MA, Interian A, Rodriguez KM, Menza M. Telephone-based cognitive behavioral therapy for depression in Parkinson disease: A randomized controlled trial. Neurology. 2020;94(16):e1764-e1773."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dobkin, 2021",
          "ref": "Dobkin, R. D., Mann, S. L., Weintraub, D., Rodriguez, K. M., Miller, R. B., St. Hill, L., King, A., Gara, M. A., & Interian, A. (2021). Innovating Parkinson's Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Telemedicine Depression Treatment [Article]. Movement disorders, 36(11), 2549-2558. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.28548"
        },
        {
          "study": "Elkin, 1989",
          "ref": "Elkin I, Shea MT, Watkins JT, Imber SD, Sotsky SM, Collins JF, et al. National institute of mental health treatment of depression collaborative research program. General effectiveness of treatments. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1989;46(11):971-82; discussion 83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fann, 2015",
          "ref": "Fann JR, Bombardier CH, Vannoy S, Dyer J, Ludman E, Dikmen S, et al. Telephone and in-person cognitive behavioral therapy for major depression after traumatic brain injury: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of neurotrauma. 2015;32(1):45-57."
        },
        {
          "study": "Forand, 2018",
          "ref": "Forand NR, Barnett JG, Strunk DR, Hindiyeh MU, Feinberg JE, Keefe JR. Efficacy of Guided iCBT for Depression and Mediation of Change by Cognitive Skill Acquisition. Behavior Therapy 2018; 49(2): 295-307."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freedland, 2009",
          "ref": "Freedland KE, Skala JA, Carney RM, Rubin EH, Lustman PJ, D·vila-Rom·n VG, et al. Treatment of depression after coronary artery bypass surgery: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2009;66(4):387-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freedland, 2015",
          "ref": "Freedland KE, Carney RM, Rich MW, Steinmeyer BC, Rubin EH. Cognitive behavior therapy for depression and self-care in heart failure patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2015;175(11):1773-82."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gellis, 2008",
          "ref": "Gellis ZD, McGinty J, Tierney L, Jordan C, Burton J, Misener E. Randomized controlled trial of problem-solving therapy for minor depression in home care. Research on Social Work Practice. 2008;18(6):596-606."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gellis, 2010",
          "ref": "Gellis ZD, Bruce ML. Problem solving therapy for subthreshold depression in home healthcare patients with cardiovascular disease. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2010;18(6):464-74."
        },
        {
          "study": "Harley, 2008",
          "ref": "Harley R, Sprich S, Safren S, Jacobo M, Fava M. Adaptation of dialectical behavior therapy skills training group for treatment-resistant depression. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 2008;196(2):136-43."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson, 2012",
          "ref": "Johnson JE, Zlotnick C. Pilot study of treatment for major depression among women prisoners with substance use disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2012;46(9):1174-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kanter, 2015",
          "ref": "Kanter JW, Santiago-Rivera AL, Santos MM, Nagy G, López M, Hurtado GD, et al. A randomized hybrid efficacy and effectiveness trial of behavioral activation for latinos with depression. Behavior Therapy. 2015;46(2):177-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "McIndoo, 2016",
          "ref": "McIndoo CC, File AA, Preddy T, Clark CG, Hopko DR. Mindfulness-based therapy and behavioral activation: A randomized controlled trial with depressed college students. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2016;77:118-28."
        },
        {
          "study": "Miranda, 2003",
          "ref": "Miranda J, Chung JY, Green BL, Krupnick J, Siddique J, Revicki DA, et al. Treating depression in predominantly low-income young minority women: A randomized controlled trial. Jama. 2003;290(1):57-65."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohr, 2011",
          "ref": "Mohr DC, Carmody T, Erickson L, Jin L, Leader J. Telephone-administered cognitive behavioral therapy for veterans served by community-based outpatient clinics. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2011;79(2):261-5."
        },
        {
          "study": "Neugebauer, 2006",
          "ref": "Neugebauer R, Kline J, Markowitz JC, Bleiberg KL, Baxi L, Rosing MA, et al. Pilot randomized controlled trial of interpersonal counseling for subsyndromal depression following miscarriage. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2006;67(8):1299-304."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nezu, 1989",
          "ref": "Nezu AM, Perri MG. Social problem-solving therapy for unipolar depression: An initial dismantling investigation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989;57(3):408-13."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Hara, 2000",
          "ref": "O'Hara MW, Stuart S, Gorman LL, Wenzel A. Efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2000;57(11):1039-45."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pardini, 2014 (study 2)",
          "ref": "Pardini J, Scogin F, Schriver J, Domino M, Wilson D, LaRocca M. Efficacy and process of cognitive bibliotherapy for the treatment of depression in jail and prison inmates. Psychological services 2014-11(2): 141-52. (study2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pecheur, 1984",
          "ref": "Pecheur DR, Edwards KJ. A comparison of secular and religious versions of cognitive therapy with depressed Christian college students. Journal of Psychology and Theology. 1984."
        },
        {
          "study": "Poleshuck, 2014",
          "ref": "Poleshuck EL, Gamble SA, Bellenger K, Lu N, Tu X, Sorensen S, et al. Randomized controlled trial of interpersonal psychotherapy versus enhanced treatment as usual for women with co-occurring depression and pelvic pain. Journal of psychosomatic research. 2014;77(4):264-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Propst, 1992",
          "ref": "Propst LR, Ostrom R, Watkins P, Dean T, Mashburn D. Comparative efficacy of religious and nonreligious cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of clinical depression in religious individuals. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1992;60(1):94-103."
        },
        {
          "study": "Raue, 2019",
          "ref": "Raue, P. J., Sirey, J. A., Dawson, A., Berman, J., & Bruce, M. L. (2019). Lay-delivered behavioral activation for depressed senior center clients: Pilot RCT. International journal of geriatric psychiatry, 34(11), 1715-1723. doi:10.1002/gps.5186"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rehm, 1981",
          "ref": "Rehm LP, Kornblith SJ, O'Hara MW, Lamparski DM, Romano JM, Volkin JI. An evaluation of major components in a self-control therapy program for depression. Behavior modification. 1981;5(4):459-89."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rosso, 2017",
          "ref": "Rosso, I. M., Killgore, W. D., Olson, E. A., Webb, C. A., Fukunaga, R., Auerbach, R. P., Gogel, H., Buchholz, J. L., & Rauch, S. L. Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 34(3), 236-245. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5540163/pdf/nihms884093.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2009",
          "ref": "Safren SA, O'Cleirigh C, Tan JY, Raminani SR, Reilly LC, Otto MW, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for adherence and depression (CBT-AD) in HIV-infected individuals. Health Psychology. 2009;28(1):1-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Savard, 2006",
          "ref": "Savard J, Simard S, Giguere I, Ivers H, Morin CM, Maunsell E, et al. Randomized clinical trial on cognitive therapy for depression in women with metastatic breast cancer: Psychological and immunological effects. Palliative and Supportive Care. 2006;4(3):219-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulberg, 1996",
          "ref": "Schulberg HC, Block MR, Madonia MJ, Scott CP, Rodriguez E, Imber SD, et al. Treating major depression in primary care practice. Eight-month clinical outcomes. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1996;53(10):913-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1987",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Hamblin D, Beutler L. Bibliotherapy for depressed older adults: A self-help alternative. The Gerontologist. 1987;27(3):383-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1989",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Jamison C, Gochneaur K. Comparative efficacy of cognitive and behavioral bibliotherapy for mildly and moderately depressed older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989;57(3):403-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Selmi, 1990",
          "ref": "Selmi PM, Klein MH, Greist JH, Sorrell SP, Erdman HP. Computer-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1990;147(1):51-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shah, 2018",
          "ref": "Shah, A., Morthland, M., Scogin, F., Presnell, A., DiNapoli, E. A., DeCoster, J., & Yang, X. (2018). Audio and Computer Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior Therapy, 49(6), 904‐916."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheeber, 2017",
          "ref": "Sheeber, L., Feil, E., Seeley, J., Leve, C., Gau, J., Davis, B., . . . Allan, S. (2017). Mom-net: evaluation of an internet-facilitated cognitive behavioral intervention for low-income depressed mothers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(4), 355-366."
        },
        {
          "study": "Swartz, 2008",
          "ref": "Swartz HA, Frank E, Zuckoff A, Cyranowski JM, Houck PR, Cheng Y, et al. Brief interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed mothers whose children are receiving psychiatric treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;165(9):1155-62."
        },
        {
          "study": "Talbot, 2011",
          "ref": "Talbot NL, Chaudron LH, Ward EA, Duberstein PR, Conwell Y, O'Hara MW, et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed women with sexual abuse histories. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(4):374-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 2009",
          "ref": "Taylor CB, Conrad A, Wilhelm FH, Strachowski D, Khaylis A, Neri E, et al. Does improving mood in depressed patients alter factors that may affect cardiovascular disease risk? Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2009;43(16):1246-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watt, 2000",
          "ref": "Watt LM, Cappeliez P. Integrative and instrumental reminiscence therapies for depression in older adults: Intervention strategies and treatment effectiveness. Aging and Mental Health. 2000;4(2):166-77."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "indication": null,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ren, 2019",
          "ref": "Ren W, Qiu H, Yang Y, Zhu X, Zhu C, Mao G, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for depressive and anxiety symptoms in Chinese women with breast cancer. Psychiatry Research. 2019;271:52-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        }
      ]
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      "refs": [
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          "ref": "Shih, V. W. Y., Chan, W. C., Tai, O. K., Wong, H. L., Cheng, C. P. W., & Wong, C. S. M. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Late-Life Depression: a Randomised Controlled Trial. East Asian Arch Psychiatry, 31(2), 27-35. doi:10.12809/eaap2075"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Swartz, 2008",
          "ref": "Swartz HA, Frank E, Zuckoff A, Cyranowski JM, Houck PR, Cheng Y, et al. Brief interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed mothers whose children are receiving psychiatric treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;165(9):1155-62."
        },
        {
          "study": "Talbot, 2011",
          "ref": "Talbot NL, Chaudron LH, Ward EA, Duberstein PR, Conwell Y, O'Hara MW, et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed women with sexual abuse histories. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(4):374-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 2009",
          "ref": "Taylor CB, Conrad A, Wilhelm FH, Strachowski D, Khaylis A, Neri E, et al. Does improving mood in depressed patients alter factors that may affect cardiovascular disease risk? Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2009;43(16):1246-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tong, 2020",
          "ref": "Tong, P., Bu, P., Yang, Y., Dong, L., Sun, T., & Shi, Y. (2019). Group cognitive behavioural therapy can reduce stigma and improve treatment compliance in major depressive disorder patients. Early intervention in psychiatry. doi:10.1111/eip.12841"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tovote, 2014",
          "ref": "Tovote KA, Fleer J, Snippe E, Peeters A, Emmelkamp PMG, Sanderman R, et al. Individual mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for treating depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2014;37(9):2427-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Verduyn, 2003",
          "ref": "Verduyn C, Barrowclough C, Roberts J, Tarrier N, Harrington R. Maternal depression and child behaviour problems: Randomised placebo-controlled trial of a cognitive-behavioural group intervention. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;183(OCT.):342-8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vitriol, 2009",
          "ref": "Vitriol VG, Ballesteros ST, Florenzano RU, Weil KP, Benadof DF. Evaluation of an outpatient intervention for women with severe depression and a history of childhood trauma. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(7):936-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watt, 2000",
          "ref": "Watt LM, Cappeliez P. Integrative and instrumental reminiscence therapies for depression in older adults: Intervention strategies and treatment effectiveness. Aging and Mental Health. 2000;4(2):166-77."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilson, 1983",
          "ref": "Wilson PH, Goldin JC, Charbonneau-Powis M. Comparative efficacy of behavioral and cognitive treatments of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1983;7(2):111-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zu, 2014",
          "ref": "Zu S, Xiang Y-T, Liu J, Zhang L, Wang G, Ma X, et al. A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy, antidepressants, their combination and standard treatment for Chinese patients with moderate–severe major depressive disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2014;152-154:262-7."
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          "ref": "Husain, N., Zulqernain, F., Carter, L.-A., Chaudhry, I., Fatima, B., Kiran, T., . . . Rahman, A. (2017). Treatment of maternal depression in urban slums of Karachi, Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an integrated maternal psychological and early child development intervention. Asian journal of psychiatry, 29, 63-70."
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          "ref": "Larcombe NA, Wilson PH. An evaluation of cognitive-behaviour therapy for depression in patients with multiple sclerosis. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1984;145:366-71."
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          "ref": "Lund, C., Schneider, M., Garman, E. C., Davies, T., Munodawafa, M., Honikman, S., . . . Susser, E. (2019). Task-sharing of psychological treatment for antenatal depression in Khayelitsha, South Africa: Effects on antenatal and postnatal outcomes in an individual randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2019.103466"
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          "ref": "Matsuzaka, C., Wainberg, M., Norcini, P. A., Hoffmann, E., Coimbra, B., Braga, R., . . . Mello, M. (2017). Task shifting interpersonal counseling for depression: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial in primary care. BMC Psychiatry, 17(1)"
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          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
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          "ref": "Okeke NM, Onah BN, Ekwealor NE, Ekwueme SC, Ezugwu JO, Edeh EN, et al. Effect of a randomized group intervention for depression among Nigerian pre-service adult education teachers. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023;102(27):e34159."
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          "study": "Rahman, 2008",
          "ref": "Rahman A, Malik A, Sikander S, Roberts C, Creed F. Cognitive behaviour therapy-based intervention by community health workers for mothers with depression and their infants in rural Pakistan: A cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;372(9642):902-9."
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          "ref": "Safren, S. A., O'Cleirigh, C., Andersen, L. S., Magidson, J. F., Lee, J. S., Bainter, S. A., . . . Joska, J. A. (2021). Treating depression and improving adherence in HIV care with task-shared cognitive behavioural therapy in Khayelitsha, South Africa: a randomized controlled trial. J Int AIDS Soc, 24(10), e25823. doi:10.1002/jia2.25823"
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          "ref": "Larcombe NA, Wilson PH. An evaluation of cognitive-behaviour therapy for depression in patients with multiple sclerosis. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1984;145:366-71."
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        {
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          "ref": "Lund, C., Schneider, M., Garman, E. C., Davies, T., Munodawafa, M., Honikman, S., . . . Susser, E. (2019). Task-sharing of psychological treatment for antenatal depression in Khayelitsha, South Africa: Effects on antenatal and postnatal outcomes in an individual randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2019.103466"
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          "ref": "Matsuzaka, C., Wainberg, M., Norcini, P. A., Hoffmann, E., Coimbra, B., Braga, R., . . . Mello, M. (2017). Task shifting interpersonal counseling for depression: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial in primary care. BMC Psychiatry, 17(1)"
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          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
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          "study": "Okeke, 2023",
          "ref": "Okeke NM, Onah BN, Ekwealor NE, Ekwueme SC, Ezugwu JO, Edeh EN, et al. Effect of a randomized group intervention for depression among Nigerian pre-service adult education teachers. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023;102(27):e34159."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahman, 2008",
          "ref": "Rahman A, Malik A, Sikander S, Roberts C, Creed F. Cognitive behaviour therapy-based intervention by community health workers for mothers with depression and their infants in rural Pakistan: A cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;372(9642):902-9."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Safren, S. A., O'Cleirigh, C., Andersen, L. S., Magidson, J. F., Lee, J. S., Bainter, S. A., . . . Joska, J. A. (2021). Treating depression and improving adherence in HIV care with task-shared cognitive behavioural therapy in Khayelitsha, South Africa: a randomized controlled trial. J Int AIDS Soc, 24(10), e25823. doi:10.1002/jia2.25823"
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        {
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          "ref": "Vitriol VG, Ballesteros ST, Florenzano RU, Weil KP, Benadof DF. Evaluation of an outpatient intervention for women with severe depression and a history of childhood trauma. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(7):936-42."
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          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ren, 2019",
          "ref": "Ren W, Qiu H, Yang Y, Zhu X, Zhu C, Mao G, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for depressive and anxiety symptoms in Chinese women with breast cancer. Psychiatry Research. 2019;271:52-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
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        }
      ]
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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      "refs": [
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        {
          "study": "Lee, 2021",
          "ref": "Lee, E., Han, Y., Cha, Y. J., Oh, J. H., Hwang, N. R., Seo, H. J., & Choi, K. H. (2021). Community-Based Multi-Site Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation for Patients with Depressive Disorders [Article in Press]. Community mental health journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-021-00828-3"
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          "study": "Moon, 2021",
          "ref": "Moon, J. R., Huh, J., Song, J., Kang, I. S., Park, S. W., Chang, S. A., . . . Han, J. S. (2021). The effects of rational emotive behavior therapy for depressive symptoms in adults with congenital heart disease. Heart Lung, 50(6), 906-913. doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2021.07.011"
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        {
          "study": "Nezu, 1989",
          "ref": "Nezu AM, Perri MG. Social problem-solving therapy for unipolar depression: An initial dismantling investigation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989;57(3):408-13."
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          "study": "Okeke, 2023",
          "ref": "Okeke NM, Onah BN, Ekwealor NE, Ekwueme SC, Ezugwu JO, Edeh EN, et al. Effect of a randomized group intervention for depression among Nigerian pre-service adult education teachers. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023;102(27):e34159."
        },
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          "study": "Qiu, 2013",
          "ref": "Qiu J, Chen W, Gao X, Xu Y, Tong H, Yang M, et al. A randomized controlled trial of group cognitive behavioral therapy for Chinese breast cancer patients with major depression. Journal of psychosomatic obstetrics and gynaecology. 2013;34(2):60-7."
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          "ref": "Rahman A, Malik A, Sikander S, Roberts C, Creed F. Cognitive behaviour therapy-based intervention by community health workers for mothers with depression and their infants in rural Pakistan: A cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;372(9642):902-9."
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          "ref": "Rehm LP, Kornblith SJ, O'Hara MW, Lamparski DM, Romano JM, Volkin JI. An evaluation of major components in a self-control therapy program for depression. Behavior modification. 1981;5(4):459-89."
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          "ref": "Shih, V. W. Y., Chan, W. C., Tai, O. K., Wong, H. L., Cheng, C. P. W., & Wong, C. S. M. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Late-Life Depression: a Randomised Controlled Trial. East Asian Arch Psychiatry, 31(2), 27-35. doi:10.12809/eaap2075"
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          "ref": "Tong, P., Bu, P., Yang, Y., Dong, L., Sun, T., & Shi, Y. (2019). Group cognitive behavioural therapy can reduce stigma and improve treatment compliance in major depressive disorder patients. Early intervention in psychiatry. doi:10.1111/eip.12841"
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          "ref": "Verduyn C, Barrowclough C, Roberts J, Tarrier N, Harrington R. Maternal depression and child behaviour problems: Randomised placebo-controlled trial of a cognitive-behavioural group intervention. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;183(OCT.):342-8."
        },
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          "study": "Watt, 2000",
          "ref": "Watt LM, Cappeliez P. Integrative and instrumental reminiscence therapies for depression in older adults: Intervention strategies and treatment effectiveness. Aging and Mental Health. 2000;4(2):166-77."
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          "ref": "Berman, M. I., Park, J., Kragenbrink, M. E., & Hegel, M. T. (2022). Accept Yourself! A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Self-Acceptance-Based Treatment for Large-Bodied Women With Depression. Behav Ther, 53(5), 913-926. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.03.002"
        },
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          "ref": "Carr, A., Finnegan, L., Griffin, E., Cotter, P., & Hyland, A. (2017). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Say Yes to Life (SYTL) Positive Psychology Group Psychotherapy Program for Depression: An Interim Report. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 47(3), 153-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chan, 2012",
          "ref": "Chan AS, Wong QY, Sze SL, Kwong PP, Han YM, Cheung MC. A Chinese Chan-based mind-body intervention for patients with depression. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2012;142(1-3):283-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "De Jong, 2018",
          "ref": "De Jong M, Peeters F, Gard T, et al. A randomized controlled pilot study on mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for unipolar depression in patients with chronic pain. Journal of clinical psychiatry 2018; 79(1): 26‐34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dindo, 2020",
          "ref": "Dindo, L. N., Recober, A., Calarge, C. A., Zimmerman, B. M., Weinrib, A., Marchman, J. N., & Turvey, C. (2019). One-Day Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Compared to Support for Depressed Migraine Patients: a Randomized Clinical Trial. Neurotherapeutics. doi:10.1007/s13311-019-00818-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Harley, 2008",
          "ref": "Harley R, Sprich S, Safren S, Jacobo M, Fava M. Adaptation of dialectical behavior therapy skills training group for treatment-resistant depression. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 2008;196(2):136-43."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Hummel, J., Weisbrod, C., Boesch, L., Himpler, K., Hauer, K., Hautzinger, M., . . . Kopf, D. (2017). AIDE–Acute Illness and Depression in Elderly Patients. Cognitive Behavioral Group Psychotherapy in Geriatric Patients With Comorbid Depression: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Journal of the american medical directors association, 18(4), 341-349."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2017",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Zulqernain, F., Carter, L.-A., Chaudhry, I., Fatima, B., Kiran, T., . . . Rahman, A. (2017). Treatment of maternal depression in urban slums of Karachi, Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an integrated maternal psychological and early child development intervention. Asian journal of psychiatry, 29, 63-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021b",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Shah, S., Rahman, A., Raza Ur, R., Saeed, Q., Naeem, S., Bassett, P., Husain, M., Haq, S. U., Jaffery, F., Cohen, N., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). Efficacy of learning through play plus intervention to reduce maternal depression in women with malnourished children: A randomized controlled trial from Pakistan(✰). J Affect Disord, 278, 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jelinek, 2016",
          "ref": "Jelinek L, Hauschildt M, Wittekind CE, Schneider BC, Kriston L, Moritz S. Efficacy of metacognitive training for depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2016;85(4):231-4."
        },
        {
          "study": "Larcombe, 1984",
          "ref": "Larcombe NA, Wilson PH. An evaluation of cognitive-behaviour therapy for depression in patients with multiple sclerosis. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1984;145:366-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee, 2021",
          "ref": "Lee, E., Han, Y., Cha, Y. J., Oh, J. H., Hwang, N. R., Seo, H. J., & Choi, K. H. (2021). Community-Based Multi-Site Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation for Patients with Depressive Disorders [Article in Press]. Community mental health journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-021-00828-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Moon, 2021",
          "ref": "Moon, J. R., Huh, J., Song, J., Kang, I. S., Park, S. W., Chang, S. A., . . . Han, J. S. (2021). The effects of rational emotive behavior therapy for depressive symptoms in adults with congenital heart disease. Heart Lung, 50(6), 906-913. doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2021.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nezu, 1989",
          "ref": "Nezu AM, Perri MG. Social problem-solving therapy for unipolar depression: An initial dismantling investigation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989;57(3):408-13."
        },
        {
          "study": "Okeke, 2023",
          "ref": "Okeke NM, Onah BN, Ekwealor NE, Ekwueme SC, Ezugwu JO, Edeh EN, et al. Effect of a randomized group intervention for depression among Nigerian pre-service adult education teachers. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023;102(27):e34159."
        },
        {
          "study": "Qiu, 2013",
          "ref": "Qiu J, Chen W, Gao X, Xu Y, Tong H, Yang M, et al. A randomized controlled trial of group cognitive behavioral therapy for Chinese breast cancer patients with major depression. Journal of psychosomatic obstetrics and gynaecology. 2013;34(2):60-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahman, 2008",
          "ref": "Rahman A, Malik A, Sikander S, Roberts C, Creed F. Cognitive behaviour therapy-based intervention by community health workers for mothers with depression and their infants in rural Pakistan: A cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;372(9642):902-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rehm, 1981",
          "ref": "Rehm LP, Kornblith SJ, O'Hara MW, Lamparski DM, Romano JM, Volkin JI. An evaluation of major components in a self-control therapy program for depression. Behavior modification. 1981;5(4):459-89."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shih, 2021",
          "ref": "Shih, V. W. Y., Chan, W. C., Tai, O. K., Wong, H. L., Cheng, C. P. W., & Wong, C. S. M. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Late-Life Depression: a Randomised Controlled Trial. East Asian Arch Psychiatry, 31(2), 27-35. doi:10.12809/eaap2075"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tong, 2020",
          "ref": "Tong, P., Bu, P., Yang, Y., Dong, L., Sun, T., & Shi, Y. (2019). Group cognitive behavioural therapy can reduce stigma and improve treatment compliance in major depressive disorder patients. Early intervention in psychiatry. doi:10.1111/eip.12841"
        },
        {
          "study": "Verduyn, 2003",
          "ref": "Verduyn C, Barrowclough C, Roberts J, Tarrier N, Harrington R. Maternal depression and child behaviour problems: Randomised placebo-controlled trial of a cognitive-behavioural group intervention. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;183(OCT.):342-8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watt, 2000",
          "ref": "Watt LM, Cappeliez P. Integrative and instrumental reminiscence therapies for depression in older adults: Intervention strategies and treatment effectiveness. Aging and Mental Health. 2000;4(2):166-77."
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        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ren, 2019",
          "ref": "Ren W, Qiu H, Yang Y, Zhu X, Zhu C, Mao G, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for depressive and anxiety symptoms in Chinese women with breast cancer. Psychiatry Research. 2019;271:52-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        }
      ]
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Aguilar-Raab, 2023",
          "ref": "Aguilar-Raab C, Winter F, Warth M, Stoffel M, Moessner M, Hernández C, et al. A compassion-based treatment for couples with the female partner suffering from current depressive disorder: A randomized-controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2023;342:127-38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Amano, 2023",
          "ref": "Amano, M., Katayama, N., Umeda, S., Terasawa, Y., Tabuchi, H., Kikuchi, T., . . . Nakagawa, A. (2023). The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on future thinking in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.997154"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Arean, 1993",
          "ref": "Arean PA, Perri MG, Nezu AM, Schein RL, Christopher F, Joseph TX. Comparative effectiveness of social problem-solving therapy and reminiscence therapy as treatments for depression in older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1993;61(6):1003-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Baumeister, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumeister, H., Paganini, S., Sander, L. B., Lin, J., Schlicker, S., Terhorst, Y., Moshagen, M., Bengel, J., Lehr, D., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effectiveness of a Guided Internet- and Mobile-Based Intervention for Patients with Chronic Back Pain and Depression (WARD-BP): A Multicenter, Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 90(4), 255-268. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511881"
        },
        {
          "study": "Beevers, 2017",
          "ref": "Beevers, C., Pearson, R., Hoffman, J., Foulser, A., Shumake, J., & Meyer, B. (2017). Effectiveness of an internet intervention (Deprexis) for depression in a united states adult sample: a parallel-group pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(4), 367-380."
        },
        {
          "study": "Berman, 2022",
          "ref": "Berman, M. I., Park, J., Kragenbrink, M. E., & Hegel, M. T. (2022). Accept Yourself! A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Self-Acceptance-Based Treatment for Large-Bodied Women With Depression. Behav Ther, 53(5), 913-926. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.03.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carr, 2017",
          "ref": "Carr, A., Finnegan, L., Griffin, E., Cotter, P., & Hyland, A. (2017). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Say Yes to Life (SYTL) Positive Psychology Group Psychotherapy Program for Depression: An Interim Report. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 47(3), 153-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chan, 2012",
          "ref": "Chan AS, Wong QY, Sze SL, Kwong PP, Han YM, Cheung MC. A Chinese Chan-based mind-body intervention for patients with depression. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2012;142(1-3):283-9."
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          "ref": "Cukor, D., Ver Halen, N., Asher, D. R., Coplan, J. D., Weedon, J., Wyka, K. E., . . . Kimmel, P. L. (2014). Psychosocial intervention improves depression, quality of life, and fluid adherence in hemodialysis. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 25(1), 196-206. doi:https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2012111134"
        },
        {
          "study": "De Jong, 2018",
          "ref": "De Jong M, Peeters F, Gard T, et al. A randomized controlled pilot study on mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for unipolar depression in patients with chronic pain. Journal of clinical psychiatry 2018; 79(1): 26‐34."
        },
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          "study": "Desautels, 2018",
          "ref": "Desautels, C., Savard, J., Ivers, H., Savard, M. H., & Caplette-Gingras, A. (2018). Treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive therapy and bright light therapy [Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial]. Health Psychology, 37(1), 1‐13. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000539"
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Fonagy, 2015",
          "ref": "Fonagy P, Rost F, Carlyle JA, McPherson S, Thomas R, Pasco Fearon RM, et al. Pragmatic randomized controlled trial of long-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy for treatment-resistant depression: The Tavistock Adult Depression Study (TADS). World Psychiatry. 2015;14(3):312-21."
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          "ref": "Fonagy P, Lemma A, Target M, O'Keeffe S, Constantinou MP, Ventura Wurman T, et al. Dynamic interpersonal therapy for moderate to severe depression: a pilot randomized controlled and feasibility trial. Psychological medicine. 2019:1-10."
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          "study": "Forand, 2018",
          "ref": "Forand NR, Barnett JG, Strunk DR, Hindiyeh MU, Feinberg JE, Keefe JR. Efficacy of Guided iCBT for Depression and Mediation of Change by Cognitive Skill Acquisition. Behavior Therapy 2018; 49(2): 295-307."
        },
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          "study": "Freedland, 2009",
          "ref": "Freedland KE, Skala JA, Carney RM, Rubin EH, Lustman PJ, D·vila-Rom·n VG, et al. Treatment of depression after coronary artery bypass surgery: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2009;66(4):387-96."
        },
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          "study": "Freedland, 2015",
          "ref": "Freedland KE, Carney RM, Rich MW, Steinmeyer BC, Rubin EH. Cognitive behavior therapy for depression and self-care in heart failure patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2015;175(11):1773-82."
        },
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          "study": "Gellis, 2008",
          "ref": "Gellis ZD, McGinty J, Tierney L, Jordan C, Burton J, Misener E. Randomized controlled trial of problem-solving therapy for minor depression in home care. Research on Social Work Practice. 2008;18(6):596-606."
        },
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          "ref": "Gellis ZD, Bruce ML. Problem solving therapy for subthreshold depression in home healthcare patients with cardiovascular disease. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2010;18(6):464-74."
        },
        {
          "study": "Harley, 2008",
          "ref": "Harley R, Sprich S, Safren S, Jacobo M, Fava M. Adaptation of dialectical behavior therapy skills training group for treatment-resistant depression. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 2008;196(2):136-43."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hemanny, 2019",
          "ref": "Hemanny, C., Carvalho, C., Maia, N., Reis, D., Botelho, A. C., Bonavides, D., . . . De Oliveira, I. R. (2019). Efficacy of trial-based cognitive therapy, behavioral activation and treatment as usual in the treatment of major depressive disorder: Preliminary findings from a randomized clinical trial. CNS Spectrums. doi:10.1017/S1092852919001457"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hummel, 2017",
          "ref": "Hummel, J., Weisbrod, C., Boesch, L., Himpler, K., Hauer, K., Hautzinger, M., . . . Kopf, D. (2017). AIDE–Acute Illness and Depression in Elderly Patients. Cognitive Behavioral Group Psychotherapy in Geriatric Patients With Comorbid Depression: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Journal of the american medical directors association, 18(4), 341-349."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2017",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Zulqernain, F., Carter, L.-A., Chaudhry, I., Fatima, B., Kiran, T., . . . Rahman, A. (2017). Treatment of maternal depression in urban slums of Karachi, Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an integrated maternal psychological and early child development intervention. Asian journal of psychiatry, 29, 63-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021b",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Shah, S., Rahman, A., Raza Ur, R., Saeed, Q., Naeem, S., Bassett, P., Husain, M., Haq, S. U., Jaffery, F., Cohen, N., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). Efficacy of learning through play plus intervention to reduce maternal depression in women with malnourished children: A randomized controlled trial from Pakistan(✰). J Affect Disord, 278, 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jelinek, 2016",
          "ref": "Jelinek L, Hauschildt M, Wittekind CE, Schneider BC, Kriston L, Moritz S. Efficacy of metacognitive training for depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2016;85(4):231-4."
        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Larcombe, 1984",
          "ref": "Larcombe NA, Wilson PH. An evaluation of cognitive-behaviour therapy for depression in patients with multiple sclerosis. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1984;145:366-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee, 2021",
          "ref": "Lee, E., Han, Y., Cha, Y. J., Oh, J. H., Hwang, N. R., Seo, H. J., & Choi, K. H. (2021). Community-Based Multi-Site Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation for Patients with Depressive Disorders [Article in Press]. Community mental health journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-021-00828-3"
        },
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        }
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        },
        {
          "study": "Forand, 2018",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Pardini, 2014 (study 2)",
          "ref": "Pardini J, Scogin F, Schriver J, Domino M, Wilson D, LaRocca M. Efficacy and process of cognitive bibliotherapy for the treatment of depression in jail and prison inmates. Psychological services 2014-11(2): 141-52. (study2)."
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        },
        {
          "study": "Selmi, 1990",
          "ref": "Selmi PM, Klein MH, Greist JH, Sorrell SP, Erdman HP. Computer-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1990;147(1):51-6."
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        {
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          "ref": "Beevers, C., Pearson, R., Hoffman, J., Foulser, A., Shumake, J., & Meyer, B. (2017). Effectiveness of an internet intervention (Deprexis) for depression in a united states adult sample: a parallel-group pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(4), 367-380."
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        {
          "study": "Forand, 2018",
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        }
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        {
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          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
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        }
      ]
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          "ref": "Safren SA, O'Cleirigh C, Tan JY, Raminani SR, Reilly LC, Otto MW, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for adherence and depression (CBT-AD) in HIV-infected individuals. Health Psychology. 2009;28(1):1-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2021",
          "ref": "Safren, S. A., O'Cleirigh, C., Andersen, L. S., Magidson, J. F., Lee, J. S., Bainter, S. A., . . . Joska, J. A. (2021). Treating depression and improving adherence in HIV care with task-shared cognitive behavioural therapy in Khayelitsha, South Africa: a randomized controlled trial. J Int AIDS Soc, 24(10), e25823. doi:10.1002/jia2.25823"
        },
        {
          "study": "Savard, 2006",
          "ref": "Savard J, Simard S, Giguere I, Ivers H, Morin CM, Maunsell E, et al. Randomized clinical trial on cognitive therapy for depression in women with metastatic breast cancer: Psychological and immunological effects. Palliative and Supportive Care. 2006;4(3):219-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulberg, 1996",
          "ref": "Schulberg HC, Block MR, Madonia MJ, Scott CP, Rodriguez E, Imber SD, et al. Treating major depression in primary care practice. Eight-month clinical outcomes. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1996;53(10):913-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1987",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Hamblin D, Beutler L. Bibliotherapy for depressed older adults: A self-help alternative. The Gerontologist. 1987;27(3):383-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1989",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Jamison C, Gochneaur K. Comparative efficacy of cognitive and behavioral bibliotherapy for mildly and moderately depressed older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989;57(3):403-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1992",
          "ref": "Scott AI, Freeman CP. Edinburgh primary care depression study: Treatment outcome, patient satisfaction, and cost after 16 weeks. BMJ. 1992;304(6831):883-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1997",
          "ref": "Scott C, Tacchi MJ, Jones R, Scott J. Acute and one-year outcome of a randomised controlled trial of brief cognitive therapy for major depressive disorder in primary care. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1997;171:131-4."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Selmi, 1990",
          "ref": "Selmi PM, Klein MH, Greist JH, Sorrell SP, Erdman HP. Computer-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1990;147(1):51-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shah, 2018",
          "ref": "Shah, A., Morthland, M., Scogin, F., Presnell, A., DiNapoli, E. A., DeCoster, J., & Yang, X. (2018). Audio and Computer Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior Therapy, 49(6), 904‐916."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Sheeber, L., Feil, E., Seeley, J., Leve, C., Gau, J., Davis, B., . . . Allan, S. (2017). Mom-net: evaluation of an internet-facilitated cognitive behavioral intervention for low-income depressed mothers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(4), 355-366."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shih, 2021",
          "ref": "Shih, V. W. Y., Chan, W. C., Tai, O. K., Wong, H. L., Cheng, C. P. W., & Wong, C. S. M. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Late-Life Depression: a Randomised Controlled Trial. East Asian Arch Psychiatry, 31(2), 27-35. doi:10.12809/eaap2075"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Swartz, 2008",
          "ref": "Swartz HA, Frank E, Zuckoff A, Cyranowski JM, Houck PR, Cheng Y, et al. Brief interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed mothers whose children are receiving psychiatric treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;165(9):1155-62."
        },
        {
          "study": "Talbot, 2011",
          "ref": "Talbot NL, Chaudron LH, Ward EA, Duberstein PR, Conwell Y, O'Hara MW, et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed women with sexual abuse histories. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(4):374-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 2009",
          "ref": "Taylor CB, Conrad A, Wilhelm FH, Strachowski D, Khaylis A, Neri E, et al. Does improving mood in depressed patients alter factors that may affect cardiovascular disease risk? Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2009;43(16):1246-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tong, 2020",
          "ref": "Tong, P., Bu, P., Yang, Y., Dong, L., Sun, T., & Shi, Y. (2019). Group cognitive behavioural therapy can reduce stigma and improve treatment compliance in major depressive disorder patients. Early intervention in psychiatry. doi:10.1111/eip.12841"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tovote, 2014",
          "ref": "Tovote KA, Fleer J, Snippe E, Peeters A, Emmelkamp PMG, Sanderman R, et al. Individual mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for treating depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2014;37(9):2427-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Verduyn, 2003",
          "ref": "Verduyn C, Barrowclough C, Roberts J, Tarrier N, Harrington R. Maternal depression and child behaviour problems: Randomised placebo-controlled trial of a cognitive-behavioural group intervention. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;183(OCT.):342-8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vitriol, 2009",
          "ref": "Vitriol VG, Ballesteros ST, Florenzano RU, Weil KP, Benadof DF. Evaluation of an outpatient intervention for women with severe depression and a history of childhood trauma. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(7):936-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watt, 2000",
          "ref": "Watt LM, Cappeliez P. Integrative and instrumental reminiscence therapies for depression in older adults: Intervention strategies and treatment effectiveness. Aging and Mental Health. 2000;4(2):166-77."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilson, 1983",
          "ref": "Wilson PH, Goldin JC, Charbonneau-Powis M. Comparative efficacy of behavioral and cognitive treatments of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1983;7(2):111-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zu, 2014",
          "ref": "Zu S, Xiang Y-T, Liu J, Zhang L, Wang G, Ma X, et al. A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy, antidepressants, their combination and standard treatment for Chinese patients with moderate–severe major depressive disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2014;152-154:262-7."
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Aguilar-Raab, 2023",
          "ref": "Aguilar-Raab C, Winter F, Warth M, Stoffel M, Moessner M, Hernández C, et al. A compassion-based treatment for couples with the female partner suffering from current depressive disorder: A randomized-controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2023;342:127-38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Amano, 2023",
          "ref": "Amano, M., Katayama, N., Umeda, S., Terasawa, Y., Tabuchi, H., Kikuchi, T., . . . Nakagawa, A. (2023). The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on future thinking in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.997154"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cukor, 2014",
          "ref": "Cukor, D., Ver Halen, N., Asher, D. R., Coplan, J. D., Weedon, J., Wyka, K. E., . . . Kimmel, P. L. (2014). Psychosocial intervention improves depression, quality of life, and fluid adherence in hemodialysis. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 25(1), 196-206. doi:https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2012111134"
        },
        {
          "study": "Desautels, 2018",
          "ref": "Desautels, C., Savard, J., Ivers, H., Savard, M. H., & Caplette-Gingras, A. (2018). Treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive therapy and bright light therapy [Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial]. Health Psychology, 37(1), 1‐13. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000539"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dimidjian, 2006",
          "ref": "Dimidjian S, Hollon SD, Dobson KS, Schmaling KB, Kohlenberg RJ, Addis ME, et al. Randomized trial of behavioral activation, cognitive therapy, and antidepressant medication in the acute treatment of adults with major depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2006;74(4):658-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dobkin, 2011",
          "ref": "Dobkin RD, Menza M, Allen LA, Gara MA, Mark MH, Tiu J, et al. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression in Parkinson's disease: A randomized, controlled trial. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2011;168(10):1066-74."
        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Dobkin, 2021",
          "ref": "Dobkin, R. D., Mann, S. L., Weintraub, D., Rodriguez, K. M., Miller, R. B., St. Hill, L., King, A., Gara, M. A., & Interian, A. (2021). Innovating Parkinson's Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Telemedicine Depression Treatment [Article]. Movement disorders, 36(11), 2549-2558. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.28548"
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        },
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          "ref": "Maina G, Forner F, Bogetto F. Randomized controlled trial comparing brief dynamic and supportive therapy with waiting list condition in minor depressive disorders. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2005;74(1):43-50."
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        },
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          "study": "McIndoo, 2016",
          "ref": "McIndoo CC, File AA, Preddy T, Clark CG, Hopko DR. Mindfulness-based therapy and behavioral activation: A randomized controlled trial with depressed college students. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2016;77:118-28."
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        },
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          "ref": "Mynors-Wallis L, Gath D, Lloyd-Thomas A, Tomlinson D. Randomised controlled trial comparing problem solving treatment with amitriptyline and placebo for major depression in primary care. BMJ. 1995;310(6977):441-5."
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Nakao, 2018",
          "ref": "Nakao, S., Nakagawa, A., Oguchi, Y., Mitsuda, D., Kato, N., Nakagawa, Y., Tamura, N., Kudo, Y., Abe, T., Hiyama, M., Iwashita, S., Ono, Y., & Mimura, M. Web-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Blended With Face-to-Face Sessions for Major Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(9), e10743."
        },
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          "study": "Neugebauer, 2006",
          "ref": "Neugebauer R, Kline J, Markowitz JC, Bleiberg KL, Baxi L, Rosing MA, et al. Pilot randomized controlled trial of interpersonal counseling for subsyndromal depression following miscarriage. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2006;67(8):1299-304."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Hara, 2000",
          "ref": "O'Hara MW, Stuart S, Gorman LL, Wenzel A. Efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2000;57(11):1039-45."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pecheur, 1984",
          "ref": "Pecheur DR, Edwards KJ. A comparison of secular and religious versions of cognitive therapy with depressed Christian college students. Journal of Psychology and Theology. 1984."
        },
        {
          "study": "Poleshuck, 2014",
          "ref": "Poleshuck EL, Gamble SA, Bellenger K, Lu N, Tu X, Sorensen S, et al. Randomized controlled trial of interpersonal psychotherapy versus enhanced treatment as usual for women with co-occurring depression and pelvic pain. Journal of psychosomatic research. 2014;77(4):264-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Propst, 1992",
          "ref": "Propst LR, Ostrom R, Watkins P, Dean T, Mashburn D. Comparative efficacy of religious and nonreligious cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of clinical depression in religious individuals. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1992;60(1):94-103."
        },
        {
          "study": "Raue, 2019",
          "ref": "Raue, P. J., Sirey, J. A., Dawson, A., Berman, J., & Bruce, M. L. (2019). Lay-delivered behavioral activation for depressed senior center clients: Pilot RCT. International journal of geriatric psychiatry, 34(11), 1715-1723. doi:10.1002/gps.5186"
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2009",
          "ref": "Safren SA, O'Cleirigh C, Tan JY, Raminani SR, Reilly LC, Otto MW, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for adherence and depression (CBT-AD) in HIV-infected individuals. Health Psychology. 2009;28(1):1-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2021",
          "ref": "Safren, S. A., O'Cleirigh, C., Andersen, L. S., Magidson, J. F., Lee, J. S., Bainter, S. A., . . . Joska, J. A. (2021). Treating depression and improving adherence in HIV care with task-shared cognitive behavioural therapy in Khayelitsha, South Africa: a randomized controlled trial. J Int AIDS Soc, 24(10), e25823. doi:10.1002/jia2.25823"
        },
        {
          "study": "Savard, 2006",
          "ref": "Savard J, Simard S, Giguere I, Ivers H, Morin CM, Maunsell E, et al. Randomized clinical trial on cognitive therapy for depression in women with metastatic breast cancer: Psychological and immunological effects. Palliative and Supportive Care. 2006;4(3):219-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulberg, 1996",
          "ref": "Schulberg HC, Block MR, Madonia MJ, Scott CP, Rodriguez E, Imber SD, et al. Treating major depression in primary care practice. Eight-month clinical outcomes. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1996;53(10):913-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1992",
          "ref": "Scott AI, Freeman CP. Edinburgh primary care depression study: Treatment outcome, patient satisfaction, and cost after 16 weeks. BMJ. 1992;304(6831):883-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1997",
          "ref": "Scott C, Tacchi MJ, Jones R, Scott J. Acute and one-year outcome of a randomised controlled trial of brief cognitive therapy for major depressive disorder in primary care. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1997;171:131-4."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Selmi, 1990",
          "ref": "Selmi PM, Klein MH, Greist JH, Sorrell SP, Erdman HP. Computer-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1990;147(1):51-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Swartz, 2008",
          "ref": "Swartz HA, Frank E, Zuckoff A, Cyranowski JM, Houck PR, Cheng Y, et al. Brief interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed mothers whose children are receiving psychiatric treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;165(9):1155-62."
        },
        {
          "study": "Talbot, 2011",
          "ref": "Talbot NL, Chaudron LH, Ward EA, Duberstein PR, Conwell Y, O'Hara MW, et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed women with sexual abuse histories. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(4):374-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 2009",
          "ref": "Taylor CB, Conrad A, Wilhelm FH, Strachowski D, Khaylis A, Neri E, et al. Does improving mood in depressed patients alter factors that may affect cardiovascular disease risk? Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2009;43(16):1246-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tovote, 2014",
          "ref": "Tovote KA, Fleer J, Snippe E, Peeters A, Emmelkamp PMG, Sanderman R, et al. Individual mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for treating depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2014;37(9):2427-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vitriol, 2009",
          "ref": "Vitriol VG, Ballesteros ST, Florenzano RU, Weil KP, Benadof DF. Evaluation of an outpatient intervention for women with severe depression and a history of childhood trauma. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(7):936-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilson, 1983",
          "ref": "Wilson PH, Goldin JC, Charbonneau-Powis M. Comparative efficacy of behavioral and cognitive treatments of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1983;7(2):111-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zu, 2014",
          "ref": "Zu S, Xiang Y-T, Liu J, Zhang L, Wang G, Ma X, et al. A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy, antidepressants, their combination and standard treatment for Chinese patients with moderate–severe major depressive disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2014;152-154:262-7."
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        {
          "study": "Aguilar-Raab, 2023",
          "ref": "Aguilar-Raab C, Winter F, Warth M, Stoffel M, Moessner M, Hernández C, et al. A compassion-based treatment for couples with the female partner suffering from current depressive disorder: A randomized-controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2023;342:127-38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Amano, 2023",
          "ref": "Amano, M., Katayama, N., Umeda, S., Terasawa, Y., Tabuchi, H., Kikuchi, T., . . . Nakagawa, A. (2023). The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on future thinking in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.997154"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cukor, 2014",
          "ref": "Cukor, D., Ver Halen, N., Asher, D. R., Coplan, J. D., Weedon, J., Wyka, K. E., . . . Kimmel, P. L. (2014). Psychosocial intervention improves depression, quality of life, and fluid adherence in hemodialysis. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 25(1), 196-206. doi:https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2012111134"
        },
        {
          "study": "Desautels, 2018",
          "ref": "Desautels, C., Savard, J., Ivers, H., Savard, M. H., & Caplette-Gingras, A. (2018). Treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive therapy and bright light therapy [Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial]. Health Psychology, 37(1), 1‐13. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000539"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dimidjian, 2006",
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        }
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        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
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        }
      ]
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      "refs": [
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        }
      ]
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      "refs": [
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        }
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          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
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        }
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          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "ref": "Mynors-Wallis L, Gath D, Lloyd-Thomas A, Tomlinson D. Randomised controlled trial comparing problem solving treatment with amitriptyline and placebo for major depression in primary care. BMJ. 1995;310(6977):441-5."
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Tong, 2020",
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        },
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          "study": "Tovote, 2014",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Vitriol, 2009",
          "ref": "Vitriol VG, Ballesteros ST, Florenzano RU, Weil KP, Benadof DF. Evaluation of an outpatient intervention for women with severe depression and a history of childhood trauma. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(7):936-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1002,
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      "full": "Hamilton Depression Rating Scale - 17 item version",
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      "sg": "Recruitment",
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      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 27,
      "k_es": 33,
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      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.715,
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Maina, 2005",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Matsuzaka, 2017",
          "ref": "Matsuzaka, C., Wainberg, M., Norcini, P. A., Hoffmann, E., Coimbra, B., Braga, R., . . . Mello, M. (2017). Task shifting interpersonal counseling for depression: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial in primary care. BMC Psychiatry, 17(1)"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohr, 2011",
          "ref": "Mohr DC, Carmody T, Erickson L, Jin L, Leader J. Telephone-administered cognitive behavioral therapy for veterans served by community-based outpatient clinics. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2011;79(2):261-5."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mulcahy, 2010",
          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mynors-Wallis, 1995",
          "ref": "Mynors-Wallis L, Gath D, Lloyd-Thomas A, Tomlinson D. Randomised controlled trial comparing problem solving treatment with amitriptyline and placebo for major depression in primary care. BMJ. 1995;310(6977):441-5."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakagawa, 2017",
          "ref": "Nakagawa, A., Mitsuda, D., Sado, M., Abe, T., Fujisawa, D., Kikuchi, T., . . . Ono, Y. (2017). Effectiveness of supplementary cognitive-behavioral therapy for pharmacotherapy-resistant depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of clinical psychiatry, 78(8), 1126-1135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakao, 2018",
          "ref": "Nakao, S., Nakagawa, A., Oguchi, Y., Mitsuda, D., Kato, N., Nakagawa, Y., Tamura, N., Kudo, Y., Abe, T., Hiyama, M., Iwashita, S., Ono, Y., & Mimura, M. Web-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Blended With Face-to-Face Sessions for Major Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(9), e10743."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Schulberg HC, Block MR, Madonia MJ, Scott CP, Rodriguez E, Imber SD, et al. Treating major depression in primary care practice. Eight-month clinical outcomes. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1996;53(10):913-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1992",
          "ref": "Scott AI, Freeman CP. Edinburgh primary care depression study: Treatment outcome, patient satisfaction, and cost after 16 weeks. BMJ. 1992;304(6831):883-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1997",
          "ref": "Scott C, Tacchi MJ, Jones R, Scott J. Acute and one-year outcome of a randomised controlled trial of brief cognitive therapy for major depressive disorder in primary care. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1997;171:131-4."
        },
        {
          "study": "Talbot, 2011",
          "ref": "Talbot NL, Chaudron LH, Ward EA, Duberstein PR, Conwell Y, O'Hara MW, et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed women with sexual abuse histories. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(4):374-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tong, 2020",
          "ref": "Tong, P., Bu, P., Yang, Y., Dong, L., Sun, T., & Shi, Y. (2019). Group cognitive behavioural therapy can reduce stigma and improve treatment compliance in major depressive disorder patients. Early intervention in psychiatry. doi:10.1111/eip.12841"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vitriol, 2009",
          "ref": "Vitriol VG, Ballesteros ST, Florenzano RU, Weil KP, Benadof DF. Evaluation of an outpatient intervention for women with severe depression and a history of childhood trauma. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(7):936-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zu, 2014",
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        {
          "study": "Amano, 2023",
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        },
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      "refs": [
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          "ref": "Mohr DC, Carmody T, Erickson L, Jin L, Leader J. Telephone-administered cognitive behavioral therapy for veterans served by community-based outpatient clinics. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2011;79(2):261-5."
        },
        {
          "study": "Moon, 2021",
          "ref": "Moon, J. R., Huh, J., Song, J., Kang, I. S., Park, S. W., Chang, S. A., . . . Han, J. S. (2021). The effects of rational emotive behavior therapy for depressive symptoms in adults with congenital heart disease. Heart Lung, 50(6), 906-913. doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2021.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mulcahy, 2010",
          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mynors-Wallis, 1995",
          "ref": "Mynors-Wallis L, Gath D, Lloyd-Thomas A, Tomlinson D. Randomised controlled trial comparing problem solving treatment with amitriptyline and placebo for major depression in primary care. BMJ. 1995;310(6977):441-5."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakagawa, 2017",
          "ref": "Nakagawa, A., Mitsuda, D., Sado, M., Abe, T., Fujisawa, D., Kikuchi, T., . . . Ono, Y. (2017). Effectiveness of supplementary cognitive-behavioral therapy for pharmacotherapy-resistant depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of clinical psychiatry, 78(8), 1126-1135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakao, 2018",
          "ref": "Nakao, S., Nakagawa, A., Oguchi, Y., Mitsuda, D., Kato, N., Nakagawa, Y., Tamura, N., Kudo, Y., Abe, T., Hiyama, M., Iwashita, S., Ono, Y., & Mimura, M. Web-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Blended With Face-to-Face Sessions for Major Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(9), e10743."
        },
        {
          "study": "Neugebauer, 2006",
          "ref": "Neugebauer R, Kline J, Markowitz JC, Bleiberg KL, Baxi L, Rosing MA, et al. Pilot randomized controlled trial of interpersonal counseling for subsyndromal depression following miscarriage. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2006;67(8):1299-304."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nezu, 1989",
          "ref": "Nezu AM, Perri MG. Social problem-solving therapy for unipolar depression: An initial dismantling investigation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989;57(3):408-13."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Hara, 2000",
          "ref": "O'Hara MW, Stuart S, Gorman LL, Wenzel A. Efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2000;57(11):1039-45."
        },
        {
          "study": "Okeke, 2023",
          "ref": "Okeke NM, Onah BN, Ekwealor NE, Ekwueme SC, Ezugwu JO, Edeh EN, et al. Effect of a randomized group intervention for depression among Nigerian pre-service adult education teachers. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023;102(27):e34159."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pardini, 2014 (study 2)",
          "ref": "Pardini J, Scogin F, Schriver J, Domino M, Wilson D, LaRocca M. Efficacy and process of cognitive bibliotherapy for the treatment of depression in jail and prison inmates. Psychological services 2014-11(2): 141-52. (study2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pecheur, 1984",
          "ref": "Pecheur DR, Edwards KJ. A comparison of secular and religious versions of cognitive therapy with depressed Christian college students. Journal of Psychology and Theology. 1984."
        },
        {
          "study": "Poleshuck, 2014",
          "ref": "Poleshuck EL, Gamble SA, Bellenger K, Lu N, Tu X, Sorensen S, et al. Randomized controlled trial of interpersonal psychotherapy versus enhanced treatment as usual for women with co-occurring depression and pelvic pain. Journal of psychosomatic research. 2014;77(4):264-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Propst, 1992",
          "ref": "Propst LR, Ostrom R, Watkins P, Dean T, Mashburn D. Comparative efficacy of religious and nonreligious cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of clinical depression in religious individuals. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1992;60(1):94-103."
        },
        {
          "study": "Qiu, 2013",
          "ref": "Qiu J, Chen W, Gao X, Xu Y, Tong H, Yang M, et al. A randomized controlled trial of group cognitive behavioral therapy for Chinese breast cancer patients with major depression. Journal of psychosomatic obstetrics and gynaecology. 2013;34(2):60-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahman, 2008",
          "ref": "Rahman A, Malik A, Sikander S, Roberts C, Creed F. Cognitive behaviour therapy-based intervention by community health workers for mothers with depression and their infants in rural Pakistan: A cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;372(9642):902-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Raue, 2019",
          "ref": "Raue, P. J., Sirey, J. A., Dawson, A., Berman, J., & Bruce, M. L. (2019). Lay-delivered behavioral activation for depressed senior center clients: Pilot RCT. International journal of geriatric psychiatry, 34(11), 1715-1723. doi:10.1002/gps.5186"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rehm, 1981",
          "ref": "Rehm LP, Kornblith SJ, O'Hara MW, Lamparski DM, Romano JM, Volkin JI. An evaluation of major components in a self-control therapy program for depression. Behavior modification. 1981;5(4):459-89."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rosso, 2017",
          "ref": "Rosso, I. M., Killgore, W. D., Olson, E. A., Webb, C. A., Fukunaga, R., Auerbach, R. P., Gogel, H., Buchholz, J. L., & Rauch, S. L. Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 34(3), 236-245. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5540163/pdf/nihms884093.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell, 2020",
          "ref": "Russell, A., Gaunt, D. M., Cooper, K., Barton, S., Horwood, J., Kessler, D., . . . et al. (2019). The feasibility of low-intensity psychological therapy for depression co-occurring with autism in adults: the Autism Depression Trial (ADEPT) – a pilot randomised controlled trial. Autism. doi:10.1177/1362361319889272"
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2009",
          "ref": "Safren SA, O'Cleirigh C, Tan JY, Raminani SR, Reilly LC, Otto MW, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for adherence and depression (CBT-AD) in HIV-infected individuals. Health Psychology. 2009;28(1):1-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2021",
          "ref": "Safren, S. A., O'Cleirigh, C., Andersen, L. S., Magidson, J. F., Lee, J. S., Bainter, S. A., . . . Joska, J. A. (2021). Treating depression and improving adherence in HIV care with task-shared cognitive behavioural therapy in Khayelitsha, South Africa: a randomized controlled trial. J Int AIDS Soc, 24(10), e25823. doi:10.1002/jia2.25823"
        },
        {
          "study": "Savard, 2006",
          "ref": "Savard J, Simard S, Giguere I, Ivers H, Morin CM, Maunsell E, et al. Randomized clinical trial on cognitive therapy for depression in women with metastatic breast cancer: Psychological and immunological effects. Palliative and Supportive Care. 2006;4(3):219-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulberg, 1996",
          "ref": "Schulberg HC, Block MR, Madonia MJ, Scott CP, Rodriguez E, Imber SD, et al. Treating major depression in primary care practice. Eight-month clinical outcomes. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1996;53(10):913-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1987",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Hamblin D, Beutler L. Bibliotherapy for depressed older adults: A self-help alternative. The Gerontologist. 1987;27(3):383-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1989",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Jamison C, Gochneaur K. Comparative efficacy of cognitive and behavioral bibliotherapy for mildly and moderately depressed older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989;57(3):403-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1992",
          "ref": "Scott AI, Freeman CP. Edinburgh primary care depression study: Treatment outcome, patient satisfaction, and cost after 16 weeks. BMJ. 1992;304(6831):883-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1997",
          "ref": "Scott C, Tacchi MJ, Jones R, Scott J. Acute and one-year outcome of a randomised controlled trial of brief cognitive therapy for major depressive disorder in primary care. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1997;171:131-4."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Selmi, 1990",
          "ref": "Selmi PM, Klein MH, Greist JH, Sorrell SP, Erdman HP. Computer-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1990;147(1):51-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shah, 2018",
          "ref": "Shah, A., Morthland, M., Scogin, F., Presnell, A., DiNapoli, E. A., DeCoster, J., & Yang, X. (2018). Audio and Computer Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior Therapy, 49(6), 904‐916."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheeber, 2017",
          "ref": "Sheeber, L., Feil, E., Seeley, J., Leve, C., Gau, J., Davis, B., . . . Allan, S. (2017). Mom-net: evaluation of an internet-facilitated cognitive behavioral intervention for low-income depressed mothers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(4), 355-366."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shih, 2021",
          "ref": "Shih, V. W. Y., Chan, W. C., Tai, O. K., Wong, H. L., Cheng, C. P. W., & Wong, C. S. M. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Late-Life Depression: a Randomised Controlled Trial. East Asian Arch Psychiatry, 31(2), 27-35. doi:10.12809/eaap2075"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Swartz, 2008",
          "ref": "Swartz HA, Frank E, Zuckoff A, Cyranowski JM, Houck PR, Cheng Y, et al. Brief interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed mothers whose children are receiving psychiatric treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;165(9):1155-62."
        },
        {
          "study": "Talbot, 2011",
          "ref": "Talbot NL, Chaudron LH, Ward EA, Duberstein PR, Conwell Y, O'Hara MW, et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed women with sexual abuse histories. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(4):374-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 2009",
          "ref": "Taylor CB, Conrad A, Wilhelm FH, Strachowski D, Khaylis A, Neri E, et al. Does improving mood in depressed patients alter factors that may affect cardiovascular disease risk? Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2009;43(16):1246-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tong, 2020",
          "ref": "Tong, P., Bu, P., Yang, Y., Dong, L., Sun, T., & Shi, Y. (2019). Group cognitive behavioural therapy can reduce stigma and improve treatment compliance in major depressive disorder patients. Early intervention in psychiatry. doi:10.1111/eip.12841"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tovote, 2014",
          "ref": "Tovote KA, Fleer J, Snippe E, Peeters A, Emmelkamp PMG, Sanderman R, et al. Individual mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for treating depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2014;37(9):2427-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Verduyn, 2003",
          "ref": "Verduyn C, Barrowclough C, Roberts J, Tarrier N, Harrington R. Maternal depression and child behaviour problems: Randomised placebo-controlled trial of a cognitive-behavioural group intervention. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;183(OCT.):342-8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vitriol, 2009",
          "ref": "Vitriol VG, Ballesteros ST, Florenzano RU, Weil KP, Benadof DF. Evaluation of an outpatient intervention for women with severe depression and a history of childhood trauma. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(7):936-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watt, 2000",
          "ref": "Watt LM, Cappeliez P. Integrative and instrumental reminiscence therapies for depression in older adults: Intervention strategies and treatment effectiveness. Aging and Mental Health. 2000;4(2):166-77."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilson, 1983",
          "ref": "Wilson PH, Goldin JC, Charbonneau-Powis M. Comparative efficacy of behavioral and cognitive treatments of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1983;7(2):111-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zu, 2014",
          "ref": "Zu S, Xiang Y-T, Liu J, Zhang L, Wang G, Ma X, et al. A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy, antidepressants, their combination and standard treatment for Chinese patients with moderate–severe major depressive disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2014;152-154:262-7."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "study": "Arean, 1993",
          "ref": "Arean PA, Perri MG, Nezu AM, Schein RL, Christopher F, Joseph TX. Comparative effectiveness of social problem-solving therapy and reminiscence therapy as treatments for depression in older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1993;61(6):1003-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Beevers, 2017",
          "ref": "Beevers, C., Pearson, R., Hoffman, J., Foulser, A., Shumake, J., & Meyer, B. (2017). Effectiveness of an internet intervention (Deprexis) for depression in a united states adult sample: a parallel-group pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(4), 367-380."
        },
        {
          "study": "Berman, 2022",
          "ref": "Berman, M. I., Park, J., Kragenbrink, M. E., & Hegel, M. T. (2022). Accept Yourself! A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Self-Acceptance-Based Treatment for Large-Bodied Women With Depression. Behav Ther, 53(5), 913-926. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.03.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "De Jong, 2018",
          "ref": "De Jong M, Peeters F, Gard T, et al. A randomized controlled pilot study on mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for unipolar depression in patients with chronic pain. Journal of clinical psychiatry 2018; 79(1): 26‐34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dimidjian, 2006",
          "ref": "Dimidjian S, Hollon SD, Dobson KS, Schmaling KB, Kohlenberg RJ, Addis ME, et al. Randomized trial of behavioral activation, cognitive therapy, and antidepressant medication in the acute treatment of adults with major depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2006;74(4):658-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dindo, 2020",
          "ref": "Dindo, L. N., Recober, A., Calarge, C. A., Zimmerman, B. M., Weinrib, A., Marchman, J. N., & Turvey, C. (2019). One-Day Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Compared to Support for Depressed Migraine Patients: a Randomized Clinical Trial. Neurotherapeutics. doi:10.1007/s13311-019-00818-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dobkin, 2011",
          "ref": "Dobkin RD, Menza M, Allen LA, Gara MA, Mark MH, Tiu J, et al. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression in Parkinson's disease: A randomized, controlled trial. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2011;168(10):1066-74."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dobkin, 2021",
          "ref": "Dobkin, R. D., Mann, S. L., Weintraub, D., Rodriguez, K. M., Miller, R. B., St. Hill, L., King, A., Gara, M. A., & Interian, A. (2021). Innovating Parkinson's Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Telemedicine Depression Treatment [Article]. Movement disorders, 36(11), 2549-2558. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.28548"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fann, 2015",
          "ref": "Fann JR, Bombardier CH, Vannoy S, Dyer J, Ludman E, Dikmen S, et al. Telephone and in-person cognitive behavioral therapy for major depression after traumatic brain injury: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of neurotrauma. 2015;32(1):45-57."
        },
        {
          "study": "Forand, 2018",
          "ref": "Forand NR, Barnett JG, Strunk DR, Hindiyeh MU, Feinberg JE, Keefe JR. Efficacy of Guided iCBT for Depression and Mediation of Change by Cognitive Skill Acquisition. Behavior Therapy 2018; 49(2): 295-307."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hemanny, 2019",
          "ref": "Hemanny, C., Carvalho, C., Maia, N., Reis, D., Botelho, A. C., Bonavides, D., . . . De Oliveira, I. R. (2019). Efficacy of trial-based cognitive therapy, behavioral activation and treatment as usual in the treatment of major depressive disorder: Preliminary findings from a randomized clinical trial. CNS Spectrums. doi:10.1017/S1092852919001457"
        },
        {
          "study": "Larcombe, 1984",
          "ref": "Larcombe NA, Wilson PH. An evaluation of cognitive-behaviour therapy for depression in patients with multiple sclerosis. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1984;145:366-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "McIndoo, 2016",
          "ref": "McIndoo CC, File AA, Preddy T, Clark CG, Hopko DR. Mindfulness-based therapy and behavioral activation: A randomized controlled trial with depressed college students. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2016;77:118-28."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nezu, 1989",
          "ref": "Nezu AM, Perri MG. Social problem-solving therapy for unipolar depression: An initial dismantling investigation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989;57(3):408-13."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pecheur, 1984",
          "ref": "Pecheur DR, Edwards KJ. A comparison of secular and religious versions of cognitive therapy with depressed Christian college students. Journal of Psychology and Theology. 1984."
        },
        {
          "study": "Propst, 1992",
          "ref": "Propst LR, Ostrom R, Watkins P, Dean T, Mashburn D. Comparative efficacy of religious and nonreligious cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of clinical depression in religious individuals. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1992;60(1):94-103."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rehm, 1981",
          "ref": "Rehm LP, Kornblith SJ, O'Hara MW, Lamparski DM, Romano JM, Volkin JI. An evaluation of major components in a self-control therapy program for depression. Behavior modification. 1981;5(4):459-89."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rosso, 2017",
          "ref": "Rosso, I. M., Killgore, W. D., Olson, E. A., Webb, C. A., Fukunaga, R., Auerbach, R. P., Gogel, H., Buchholz, J. L., & Rauch, S. L. Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 34(3), 236-245. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5540163/pdf/nihms884093.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2009",
          "ref": "Safren SA, O'Cleirigh C, Tan JY, Raminani SR, Reilly LC, Otto MW, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for adherence and depression (CBT-AD) in HIV-infected individuals. Health Psychology. 2009;28(1):1-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Savard, 2006",
          "ref": "Savard J, Simard S, Giguere I, Ivers H, Morin CM, Maunsell E, et al. Randomized clinical trial on cognitive therapy for depression in women with metastatic breast cancer: Psychological and immunological effects. Palliative and Supportive Care. 2006;4(3):219-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1987",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Hamblin D, Beutler L. Bibliotherapy for depressed older adults: A self-help alternative. The Gerontologist. 1987;27(3):383-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1989",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Jamison C, Gochneaur K. Comparative efficacy of cognitive and behavioral bibliotherapy for mildly and moderately depressed older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989;57(3):403-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Selmi, 1990",
          "ref": "Selmi PM, Klein MH, Greist JH, Sorrell SP, Erdman HP. Computer-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1990;147(1):51-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheeber, 2017",
          "ref": "Sheeber, L., Feil, E., Seeley, J., Leve, C., Gau, J., Davis, B., . . . Allan, S. (2017). Mom-net: evaluation of an internet-facilitated cognitive behavioral intervention for low-income depressed mothers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(4), 355-366."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shih, 2021",
          "ref": "Shih, V. W. Y., Chan, W. C., Tai, O. K., Wong, H. L., Cheng, C. P. W., & Wong, C. S. M. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Late-Life Depression: a Randomised Controlled Trial. East Asian Arch Psychiatry, 31(2), 27-35. doi:10.12809/eaap2075"
        },
        {
          "study": "Swartz, 2008",
          "ref": "Swartz HA, Frank E, Zuckoff A, Cyranowski JM, Houck PR, Cheng Y, et al. Brief interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed mothers whose children are receiving psychiatric treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;165(9):1155-62."
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 2009",
          "ref": "Taylor CB, Conrad A, Wilhelm FH, Strachowski D, Khaylis A, Neri E, et al. Does improving mood in depressed patients alter factors that may affect cardiovascular disease risk? Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2009;43(16):1246-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watt, 2000",
          "ref": "Watt LM, Cappeliez P. Integrative and instrumental reminiscence therapies for depression in older adults: Intervention strategies and treatment effectiveness. Aging and Mental Health. 2000;4(2):166-77."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilson, 1983",
          "ref": "Wilson PH, Goldin JC, Charbonneau-Powis M. Comparative efficacy of behavioral and cognitive treatments of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1983;7(2):111-24."
        }
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          "study": "Arean, 1993",
          "ref": "Arean PA, Perri MG, Nezu AM, Schein RL, Christopher F, Joseph TX. Comparative effectiveness of social problem-solving therapy and reminiscence therapy as treatments for depression in older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1993;61(6):1003-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Beevers, 2017",
          "ref": "Beevers, C., Pearson, R., Hoffman, J., Foulser, A., Shumake, J., & Meyer, B. (2017). Effectiveness of an internet intervention (Deprexis) for depression in a united states adult sample: a parallel-group pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(4), 367-380."
        },
        {
          "study": "Berman, 2022",
          "ref": "Berman, M. I., Park, J., Kragenbrink, M. E., & Hegel, M. T. (2022). Accept Yourself! A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Self-Acceptance-Based Treatment for Large-Bodied Women With Depression. Behav Ther, 53(5), 913-926. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.03.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "De Jong, 2018",
          "ref": "De Jong M, Peeters F, Gard T, et al. A randomized controlled pilot study on mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for unipolar depression in patients with chronic pain. Journal of clinical psychiatry 2018; 79(1): 26‐34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dimidjian, 2006",
          "ref": "Dimidjian S, Hollon SD, Dobson KS, Schmaling KB, Kohlenberg RJ, Addis ME, et al. Randomized trial of behavioral activation, cognitive therapy, and antidepressant medication in the acute treatment of adults with major depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2006;74(4):658-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dindo, 2020",
          "ref": "Dindo, L. N., Recober, A., Calarge, C. A., Zimmerman, B. M., Weinrib, A., Marchman, J. N., & Turvey, C. (2019). One-Day Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Compared to Support for Depressed Migraine Patients: a Randomized Clinical Trial. Neurotherapeutics. doi:10.1007/s13311-019-00818-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dobkin, 2011",
          "ref": "Dobkin RD, Menza M, Allen LA, Gara MA, Mark MH, Tiu J, et al. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression in Parkinson's disease: A randomized, controlled trial. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2011;168(10):1066-74."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dobkin, 2021",
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      ]
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        {
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          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
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        }
      ]
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          "ref": "Okeke NM, Onah BN, Ekwealor NE, Ekwueme SC, Ezugwu JO, Edeh EN, et al. Effect of a randomized group intervention for depression among Nigerian pre-service adult education teachers. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023;102(27):e34159."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pardini, 2014 (study 2)",
          "ref": "Pardini J, Scogin F, Schriver J, Domino M, Wilson D, LaRocca M. Efficacy and process of cognitive bibliotherapy for the treatment of depression in jail and prison inmates. Psychological services 2014-11(2): 141-52. (study2)."
        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Propst, 1992",
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        },
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          "study": "Qiu, 2013",
          "ref": "Qiu J, Chen W, Gao X, Xu Y, Tong H, Yang M, et al. A randomized controlled trial of group cognitive behavioral therapy for Chinese breast cancer patients with major depression. Journal of psychosomatic obstetrics and gynaecology. 2013;34(2):60-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahman, 2008",
          "ref": "Rahman A, Malik A, Sikander S, Roberts C, Creed F. Cognitive behaviour therapy-based intervention by community health workers for mothers with depression and their infants in rural Pakistan: A cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;372(9642):902-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Raue, 2019",
          "ref": "Raue, P. J., Sirey, J. A., Dawson, A., Berman, J., & Bruce, M. L. (2019). Lay-delivered behavioral activation for depressed senior center clients: Pilot RCT. International journal of geriatric psychiatry, 34(11), 1715-1723. doi:10.1002/gps.5186"
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Russell, 2020",
          "ref": "Russell, A., Gaunt, D. M., Cooper, K., Barton, S., Horwood, J., Kessler, D., . . . et al. (2019). The feasibility of low-intensity psychological therapy for depression co-occurring with autism in adults: the Autism Depression Trial (ADEPT) – a pilot randomised controlled trial. Autism. doi:10.1177/1362361319889272"
        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Tovote, 2014",
          "ref": "Tovote KA, Fleer J, Snippe E, Peeters A, Emmelkamp PMG, Sanderman R, et al. Individual mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for treating depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2014;37(9):2427-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Verduyn, 2003",
          "ref": "Verduyn C, Barrowclough C, Roberts J, Tarrier N, Harrington R. Maternal depression and child behaviour problems: Randomised placebo-controlled trial of a cognitive-behavioural group intervention. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;183(OCT.):342-8."
        },
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          "study": "Vitriol, 2009",
          "ref": "Vitriol VG, Ballesteros ST, Florenzano RU, Weil KP, Benadof DF. Evaluation of an outpatient intervention for women with severe depression and a history of childhood trauma. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(7):936-42."
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        },
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          "ref": "Watt LM, Cappeliez P. Integrative and instrumental reminiscence therapies for depression in older adults: Intervention strategies and treatment effectiveness. Aging and Mental Health. 2000;4(2):166-77."
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        }
      ]
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          "study": "Aguilar-Raab, 2023",
          "ref": "Aguilar-Raab C, Winter F, Warth M, Stoffel M, Moessner M, Hernández C, et al. A compassion-based treatment for couples with the female partner suffering from current depressive disorder: A randomized-controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2023;342:127-38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Baumeister, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumeister, H., Paganini, S., Sander, L. B., Lin, J., Schlicker, S., Terhorst, Y., Moshagen, M., Bengel, J., Lehr, D., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effectiveness of a Guided Internet- and Mobile-Based Intervention for Patients with Chronic Back Pain and Depression (WARD-BP): A Multicenter, Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 90(4), 255-268. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511881"
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          "study": "Cukor, 2014",
          "ref": "Cukor, D., Ver Halen, N., Asher, D. R., Coplan, J. D., Weedon, J., Wyka, K. E., . . . Kimmel, P. L. (2014). Psychosocial intervention improves depression, quality of life, and fluid adherence in hemodialysis. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 25(1), 196-206. doi:https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2012111134"
        },
        {
          "study": "Desautels, 2018",
          "ref": "Desautels, C., Savard, J., Ivers, H., Savard, M. H., & Caplette-Gingras, A. (2018). Treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive therapy and bright light therapy [Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial]. Health Psychology, 37(1), 1‐13. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000539"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dobkin, 2020",
          "ref": "Dobkin RD, Mann SL, Gara MA, Interian A, Rodriguez KM, Menza M. Telephone-based cognitive behavioral therapy for depression in Parkinson disease: A randomized controlled trial. Neurology. 2020;94(16):e1764-e1773."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freedland, 2009",
          "ref": "Freedland KE, Skala JA, Carney RM, Rubin EH, Lustman PJ, D·vila-Rom·n VG, et al. Treatment of depression after coronary artery bypass surgery: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2009;66(4):387-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freedland, 2015",
          "ref": "Freedland KE, Carney RM, Rich MW, Steinmeyer BC, Rubin EH. Cognitive behavior therapy for depression and self-care in heart failure patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2015;175(11):1773-82."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gellis, 2008",
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        },
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          "study": "Husain, 2017",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Neugebauer, 2006",
          "ref": "Neugebauer R, Kline J, Markowitz JC, Bleiberg KL, Baxi L, Rosing MA, et al. Pilot randomized controlled trial of interpersonal counseling for subsyndromal depression following miscarriage. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2006;67(8):1299-304."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Hara, 2000",
          "ref": "O'Hara MW, Stuart S, Gorman LL, Wenzel A. Efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2000;57(11):1039-45."
        },
        {
          "study": "Okeke, 2023",
          "ref": "Okeke NM, Onah BN, Ekwealor NE, Ekwueme SC, Ezugwu JO, Edeh EN, et al. Effect of a randomized group intervention for depression among Nigerian pre-service adult education teachers. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023;102(27):e34159."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pardini, 2014 (study 2)",
          "ref": "Pardini J, Scogin F, Schriver J, Domino M, Wilson D, LaRocca M. Efficacy and process of cognitive bibliotherapy for the treatment of depression in jail and prison inmates. Psychological services 2014-11(2): 141-52. (study2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Poleshuck, 2014",
          "ref": "Poleshuck EL, Gamble SA, Bellenger K, Lu N, Tu X, Sorensen S, et al. Randomized controlled trial of interpersonal psychotherapy versus enhanced treatment as usual for women with co-occurring depression and pelvic pain. Journal of psychosomatic research. 2014;77(4):264-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Qiu, 2013",
          "ref": "Qiu J, Chen W, Gao X, Xu Y, Tong H, Yang M, et al. A randomized controlled trial of group cognitive behavioral therapy for Chinese breast cancer patients with major depression. Journal of psychosomatic obstetrics and gynaecology. 2013;34(2):60-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahman, 2008",
          "ref": "Rahman A, Malik A, Sikander S, Roberts C, Creed F. Cognitive behaviour therapy-based intervention by community health workers for mothers with depression and their infants in rural Pakistan: A cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;372(9642):902-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Raue, 2019",
          "ref": "Raue, P. J., Sirey, J. A., Dawson, A., Berman, J., & Bruce, M. L. (2019). Lay-delivered behavioral activation for depressed senior center clients: Pilot RCT. International journal of geriatric psychiatry, 34(11), 1715-1723. doi:10.1002/gps.5186"
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell, 2020",
          "ref": "Russell, A., Gaunt, D. M., Cooper, K., Barton, S., Horwood, J., Kessler, D., . . . et al. (2019). The feasibility of low-intensity psychological therapy for depression co-occurring with autism in adults: the Autism Depression Trial (ADEPT) – a pilot randomised controlled trial. Autism. doi:10.1177/1362361319889272"
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2021",
          "ref": "Safren, S. A., O'Cleirigh, C., Andersen, L. S., Magidson, J. F., Lee, J. S., Bainter, S. A., . . . Joska, J. A. (2021). Treating depression and improving adherence in HIV care with task-shared cognitive behavioural therapy in Khayelitsha, South Africa: a randomized controlled trial. J Int AIDS Soc, 24(10), e25823. doi:10.1002/jia2.25823"
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        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
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          "ref": "Shah, A., Morthland, M., Scogin, F., Presnell, A., DiNapoli, E. A., DeCoster, J., & Yang, X. (2018). Audio and Computer Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior Therapy, 49(6), 904‐916."
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          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tovote, 2014",
          "ref": "Tovote KA, Fleer J, Snippe E, Peeters A, Emmelkamp PMG, Sanderman R, et al. Individual mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for treating depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2014;37(9):2427-34."
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          "ref": "Verduyn C, Barrowclough C, Roberts J, Tarrier N, Harrington R. Maternal depression and child behaviour problems: Randomised placebo-controlled trial of a cognitive-behavioural group intervention. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;183(OCT.):342-8."
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          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
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          "ref": "Dobkin RD, Mann SL, Gara MA, Interian A, Rodriguez KM, Menza M. Telephone-based cognitive behavioral therapy for depression in Parkinson disease: A randomized controlled trial. Neurology. 2020;94(16):e1764-e1773."
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          "ref": "Freedland KE, Carney RM, Rich MW, Steinmeyer BC, Rubin EH. Cognitive behavior therapy for depression and self-care in heart failure patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2015;175(11):1773-82."
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        {
          "study": "Gellis, 2008",
          "ref": "Gellis ZD, McGinty J, Tierney L, Jordan C, Burton J, Misener E. Randomized controlled trial of problem-solving therapy for minor depression in home care. Research on Social Work Practice. 2008;18(6):596-606."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gellis, 2010",
          "ref": "Gellis ZD, Bruce ML. Problem solving therapy for subthreshold depression in home healthcare patients with cardiovascular disease. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2010;18(6):464-74."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hummel, 2017",
          "ref": "Hummel, J., Weisbrod, C., Boesch, L., Himpler, K., Hauer, K., Hautzinger, M., . . . Kopf, D. (2017). AIDE–Acute Illness and Depression in Elderly Patients. Cognitive Behavioral Group Psychotherapy in Geriatric Patients With Comorbid Depression: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Journal of the american medical directors association, 18(4), 341-349."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2017",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Zulqernain, F., Carter, L.-A., Chaudhry, I., Fatima, B., Kiran, T., . . . Rahman, A. (2017). Treatment of maternal depression in urban slums of Karachi, Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an integrated maternal psychological and early child development intervention. Asian journal of psychiatry, 29, 63-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021b",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Shah, S., Rahman, A., Raza Ur, R., Saeed, Q., Naeem, S., Bassett, P., Husain, M., Haq, S. U., Jaffery, F., Cohen, N., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). Efficacy of learning through play plus intervention to reduce maternal depression in women with malnourished children: A randomized controlled trial from Pakistan(✰). J Affect Disord, 278, 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson, 2012",
          "ref": "Johnson JE, Zlotnick C. Pilot study of treatment for major depression among women prisoners with substance use disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2012;46(9):1174-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Liu, 2021",
          "ref": "Liu, H., & Yang, Y. (2021). Effects of a psychological nursing intervention on prevention of anxiety and depression in the postpartum period: a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Annals of General Psychiatry, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00320-4"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lund, 2020",
          "ref": "Lund, C., Schneider, M., Garman, E. C., Davies, T., Munodawafa, M., Honikman, S., . . . Susser, E. (2019). Task-sharing of psychological treatment for antenatal depression in Khayelitsha, South Africa: Effects on antenatal and postnatal outcomes in an individual randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2019.103466"
        },
        {
          "study": "Miranda, 2003",
          "ref": "Miranda J, Chung JY, Green BL, Krupnick J, Siddique J, Revicki DA, et al. Treating depression in predominantly low-income young minority women: A randomized controlled trial. Jama. 2003;290(1):57-65."
        },
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          "study": "Moon, 2021",
          "ref": "Moon, J. R., Huh, J., Song, J., Kang, I. S., Park, S. W., Chang, S. A., . . . Han, J. S. (2021). The effects of rational emotive behavior therapy for depressive symptoms in adults with congenital heart disease. Heart Lung, 50(6), 906-913. doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2021.07.011"
        },
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          "study": "Pardini, 2014 (study 2)",
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        },
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          "study": "Sun, 2022",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Tovote, 2014",
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          "study": "Verduyn, 2003",
          "ref": "Verduyn C, Barrowclough C, Roberts J, Tarrier N, Harrington R. Maternal depression and child behaviour problems: Randomised placebo-controlled trial of a cognitive-behavioural group intervention. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;183(OCT.):342-8."
        }
      ]
    },
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ren, 2019",
          "ref": "Ren W, Qiu H, Yang Y, Zhu X, Zhu C, Mao G, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for depressive and anxiety symptoms in Chinese women with breast cancer. Psychiatry Research. 2019;271:52-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
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        },
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          "study": "Gellis, 2010",
          "ref": "Gellis ZD, Bruce ML. Problem solving therapy for subthreshold depression in home healthcare patients with cardiovascular disease. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2010;18(6):464-74."
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        },
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          "ref": "Husain, N., Zulqernain, F., Carter, L.-A., Chaudhry, I., Fatima, B., Kiran, T., . . . Rahman, A. (2017). Treatment of maternal depression in urban slums of Karachi, Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an integrated maternal psychological and early child development intervention. Asian journal of psychiatry, 29, 63-70."
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        }
      ]
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          "study": "Baumeister, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumeister, H., Paganini, S., Sander, L. B., Lin, J., Schlicker, S., Terhorst, Y., Moshagen, M., Bengel, J., Lehr, D., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effectiveness of a Guided Internet- and Mobile-Based Intervention for Patients with Chronic Back Pain and Depression (WARD-BP): A Multicenter, Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 90(4), 255-268. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511881"
        },
        {
          "study": "Desautels, 2018",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Dobkin, 2020",
          "ref": "Dobkin RD, Mann SL, Gara MA, Interian A, Rodriguez KM, Menza M. Telephone-based cognitive behavioral therapy for depression in Parkinson disease: A randomized controlled trial. Neurology. 2020;94(16):e1764-e1773."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dobkin, 2021",
          "ref": "Dobkin, R. D., Mann, S. L., Weintraub, D., Rodriguez, K. M., Miller, R. B., St. Hill, L., King, A., Gara, M. A., & Interian, A. (2021). Innovating Parkinson's Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Telemedicine Depression Treatment [Article]. Movement disorders, 36(11), 2549-2558. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.28548"
        },
        {
          "study": "Elkin, 1989",
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        },
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          "study": "Fonagy, 2015",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Fonagy, 2019",
          "ref": "Fonagy P, Lemma A, Target M, O'Keeffe S, Constantinou MP, Ventura Wurman T, et al. Dynamic interpersonal therapy for moderate to severe depression: a pilot randomized controlled and feasibility trial. Psychological medicine. 2019:1-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freedland, 2009",
          "ref": "Freedland KE, Skala JA, Carney RM, Rubin EH, Lustman PJ, D·vila-Rom·n VG, et al. Treatment of depression after coronary artery bypass surgery: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2009;66(4):387-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freedland, 2015",
          "ref": "Freedland KE, Carney RM, Rich MW, Steinmeyer BC, Rubin EH. Cognitive behavior therapy for depression and self-care in heart failure patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2015;175(11):1773-82."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee, 2021",
          "ref": "Lee, E., Han, Y., Cha, Y. J., Oh, J. H., Hwang, N. R., Seo, H. J., & Choi, K. H. (2021). Community-Based Multi-Site Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation for Patients with Depressive Disorders [Article in Press]. Community mental health journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-021-00828-3"
        },
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          "study": "Lund, 2020",
          "ref": "Lund, C., Schneider, M., Garman, E. C., Davies, T., Munodawafa, M., Honikman, S., . . . Susser, E. (2019). Task-sharing of psychological treatment for antenatal depression in Khayelitsha, South Africa: Effects on antenatal and postnatal outcomes in an individual randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2019.103466"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lynch, 2020",
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        },
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          "study": "Matsuzaka, 2017",
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Nakagawa, 2017",
          "ref": "Nakagawa, A., Mitsuda, D., Sado, M., Abe, T., Fujisawa, D., Kikuchi, T., . . . Ono, Y. (2017). Effectiveness of supplementary cognitive-behavioral therapy for pharmacotherapy-resistant depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of clinical psychiatry, 78(8), 1126-1135"
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        },
        {
          "study": "Qiu, 2013",
          "ref": "Qiu J, Chen W, Gao X, Xu Y, Tong H, Yang M, et al. A randomized controlled trial of group cognitive behavioral therapy for Chinese breast cancer patients with major depression. Journal of psychosomatic obstetrics and gynaecology. 2013;34(2):60-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahman, 2008",
          "ref": "Rahman A, Malik A, Sikander S, Roberts C, Creed F. Cognitive behaviour therapy-based intervention by community health workers for mothers with depression and their infants in rural Pakistan: A cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;372(9642):902-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rosso, 2017",
          "ref": "Rosso, I. M., Killgore, W. D., Olson, E. A., Webb, C. A., Fukunaga, R., Auerbach, R. P., Gogel, H., Buchholz, J. L., & Rauch, S. L. Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 34(3), 236-245. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5540163/pdf/nihms884093.pdf"
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        {
          "study": "Shah, 2018",
          "ref": "Shah, A., Morthland, M., Scogin, F., Presnell, A., DiNapoli, E. A., DeCoster, J., & Yang, X. (2018). Audio and Computer Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior Therapy, 49(6), 904‐916."
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          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
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          "study": "Desautels, 2018",
          "ref": "Desautels, C., Savard, J., Ivers, H., Savard, M. H., & Caplette-Gingras, A. (2018). Treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive therapy and bright light therapy [Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial]. Health Psychology, 37(1), 1‐13. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000539"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dobkin, 2020",
          "ref": "Dobkin RD, Mann SL, Gara MA, Interian A, Rodriguez KM, Menza M. Telephone-based cognitive behavioral therapy for depression in Parkinson disease: A randomized controlled trial. Neurology. 2020;94(16):e1764-e1773."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Dobkin, R. D., Mann, S. L., Weintraub, D., Rodriguez, K. M., Miller, R. B., St. Hill, L., King, A., Gara, M. A., & Interian, A. (2021). Innovating Parkinson's Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Telemedicine Depression Treatment [Article]. Movement disorders, 36(11), 2549-2558. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.28548"
        },
        {
          "study": "Elkin, 1989",
          "ref": "Elkin I, Shea MT, Watkins JT, Imber SD, Sotsky SM, Collins JF, et al. National institute of mental health treatment of depression collaborative research program. General effectiveness of treatments. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1989;46(11):971-82; discussion 83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonagy, 2015",
          "ref": "Fonagy P, Rost F, Carlyle JA, McPherson S, Thomas R, Pasco Fearon RM, et al. Pragmatic randomized controlled trial of long-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy for treatment-resistant depression: The Tavistock Adult Depression Study (TADS). World Psychiatry. 2015;14(3):312-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonagy, 2019",
          "ref": "Fonagy P, Lemma A, Target M, O'Keeffe S, Constantinou MP, Ventura Wurman T, et al. Dynamic interpersonal therapy for moderate to severe depression: a pilot randomized controlled and feasibility trial. Psychological medicine. 2019:1-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freedland, 2009",
          "ref": "Freedland KE, Skala JA, Carney RM, Rubin EH, Lustman PJ, D·vila-Rom·n VG, et al. Treatment of depression after coronary artery bypass surgery: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2009;66(4):387-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freedland, 2015",
          "ref": "Freedland KE, Carney RM, Rich MW, Steinmeyer BC, Rubin EH. Cognitive behavior therapy for depression and self-care in heart failure patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2015;175(11):1773-82."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee, 2021",
          "ref": "Lee, E., Han, Y., Cha, Y. J., Oh, J. H., Hwang, N. R., Seo, H. J., & Choi, K. H. (2021). Community-Based Multi-Site Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation for Patients with Depressive Disorders [Article in Press]. Community mental health journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-021-00828-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lund, 2020",
          "ref": "Lund, C., Schneider, M., Garman, E. C., Davies, T., Munodawafa, M., Honikman, S., . . . Susser, E. (2019). Task-sharing of psychological treatment for antenatal depression in Khayelitsha, South Africa: Effects on antenatal and postnatal outcomes in an individual randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2019.103466"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lynch, 2020",
          "ref": "Lynch, T. R., Hempel, R. J., Whalley, B., Byford, S., Chamba, R., Clarke, P., . . . Russell, I. T. (2019). Refractory depression - mechanisms and efficacy of radically open dialectical behaviour therapy (RefraMED): findings of a randomised trial on benefits and harms. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 1-9. doi:10.1192/bjp.2019.53"
        },
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          "study": "Matsuzaka, 2017",
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        }
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        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
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        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
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        }
      ]
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    {
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      "refs": [
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
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        }
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          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ren, 2019",
          "ref": "Ren W, Qiu H, Yang Y, Zhu X, Zhu C, Mao G, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for depressive and anxiety symptoms in Chinese women with breast cancer. Psychiatry Research. 2019;271:52-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
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      "refs": [
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        {
          "study": "Safren, 2021",
          "ref": "Safren, S. A., O'Cleirigh, C., Andersen, L. S., Magidson, J. F., Lee, J. S., Bainter, S. A., . . . Joska, J. A. (2021). Treating depression and improving adherence in HIV care with task-shared cognitive behavioural therapy in Khayelitsha, South Africa: a randomized controlled trial. J Int AIDS Soc, 24(10), e25823. doi:10.1002/jia2.25823"
        },
        {
          "study": "Savard, 2006",
          "ref": "Savard J, Simard S, Giguere I, Ivers H, Morin CM, Maunsell E, et al. Randomized clinical trial on cognitive therapy for depression in women with metastatic breast cancer: Psychological and immunological effects. Palliative and Supportive Care. 2006;4(3):219-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulberg, 1996",
          "ref": "Schulberg HC, Block MR, Madonia MJ, Scott CP, Rodriguez E, Imber SD, et al. Treating major depression in primary care practice. Eight-month clinical outcomes. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1996;53(10):913-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1987",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Hamblin D, Beutler L. Bibliotherapy for depressed older adults: A self-help alternative. The Gerontologist. 1987;27(3):383-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1989",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Jamison C, Gochneaur K. Comparative efficacy of cognitive and behavioral bibliotherapy for mildly and moderately depressed older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989;57(3):403-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1992",
          "ref": "Scott AI, Freeman CP. Edinburgh primary care depression study: Treatment outcome, patient satisfaction, and cost after 16 weeks. BMJ. 1992;304(6831):883-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1997",
          "ref": "Scott C, Tacchi MJ, Jones R, Scott J. Acute and one-year outcome of a randomised controlled trial of brief cognitive therapy for major depressive disorder in primary care. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1997;171:131-4."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Selmi, 1990",
          "ref": "Selmi PM, Klein MH, Greist JH, Sorrell SP, Erdman HP. Computer-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1990;147(1):51-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheeber, 2017",
          "ref": "Sheeber, L., Feil, E., Seeley, J., Leve, C., Gau, J., Davis, B., . . . Allan, S. (2017). Mom-net: evaluation of an internet-facilitated cognitive behavioral intervention for low-income depressed mothers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(4), 355-366."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shih, 2021",
          "ref": "Shih, V. W. Y., Chan, W. C., Tai, O. K., Wong, H. L., Cheng, C. P. W., & Wong, C. S. M. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Late-Life Depression: a Randomised Controlled Trial. East Asian Arch Psychiatry, 31(2), 27-35. doi:10.12809/eaap2075"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Swartz, 2008",
          "ref": "Swartz HA, Frank E, Zuckoff A, Cyranowski JM, Houck PR, Cheng Y, et al. Brief interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed mothers whose children are receiving psychiatric treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;165(9):1155-62."
        },
        {
          "study": "Talbot, 2011",
          "ref": "Talbot NL, Chaudron LH, Ward EA, Duberstein PR, Conwell Y, O'Hara MW, et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed women with sexual abuse histories. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(4):374-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 2009",
          "ref": "Taylor CB, Conrad A, Wilhelm FH, Strachowski D, Khaylis A, Neri E, et al. Does improving mood in depressed patients alter factors that may affect cardiovascular disease risk? Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2009;43(16):1246-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tong, 2020",
          "ref": "Tong, P., Bu, P., Yang, Y., Dong, L., Sun, T., & Shi, Y. (2019). Group cognitive behavioural therapy can reduce stigma and improve treatment compliance in major depressive disorder patients. Early intervention in psychiatry. doi:10.1111/eip.12841"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tovote, 2014",
          "ref": "Tovote KA, Fleer J, Snippe E, Peeters A, Emmelkamp PMG, Sanderman R, et al. Individual mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for treating depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2014;37(9):2427-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Verduyn, 2003",
          "ref": "Verduyn C, Barrowclough C, Roberts J, Tarrier N, Harrington R. Maternal depression and child behaviour problems: Randomised placebo-controlled trial of a cognitive-behavioural group intervention. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;183(OCT.):342-8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vitriol, 2009",
          "ref": "Vitriol VG, Ballesteros ST, Florenzano RU, Weil KP, Benadof DF. Evaluation of an outpatient intervention for women with severe depression and a history of childhood trauma. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(7):936-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watt, 2000",
          "ref": "Watt LM, Cappeliez P. Integrative and instrumental reminiscence therapies for depression in older adults: Intervention strategies and treatment effectiveness. Aging and Mental Health. 2000;4(2):166-77."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilson, 1983",
          "ref": "Wilson PH, Goldin JC, Charbonneau-Powis M. Comparative efficacy of behavioral and cognitive treatments of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1983;7(2):111-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zu, 2014",
          "ref": "Zu S, Xiang Y-T, Liu J, Zhang L, Wang G, Ma X, et al. A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy, antidepressants, their combination and standard treatment for Chinese patients with moderate–severe major depressive disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2014;152-154:262-7."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1021,
      "instr": "HDRS-17",
      "full": "Hamilton Depression Rating Scale - 17 item version",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Not low risk of bias",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 67,
      "k_es": 94,
      "sd": 5.949,
      "lo": 5.493,
      "hi": 6.442,
      "tau2": 0.0991,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.194,
      "phi": 11.08,
      "i2": 93,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Aguilar-Raab, 2023",
          "ref": "Aguilar-Raab C, Winter F, Warth M, Stoffel M, Moessner M, Hernández C, et al. A compassion-based treatment for couples with the female partner suffering from current depressive disorder: A randomized-controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2023;342:127-38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Amano, 2023",
          "ref": "Amano, M., Katayama, N., Umeda, S., Terasawa, Y., Tabuchi, H., Kikuchi, T., . . . Nakagawa, A. (2023). The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on future thinking in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.997154"
        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Arean, 1993",
          "ref": "Arean PA, Perri MG, Nezu AM, Schein RL, Christopher F, Joseph TX. Comparative effectiveness of social problem-solving therapy and reminiscence therapy as treatments for depression in older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1993;61(6):1003-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Beevers, 2017",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Berman, 2022",
          "ref": "Berman, M. I., Park, J., Kragenbrink, M. E., & Hegel, M. T. (2022). Accept Yourself! A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Self-Acceptance-Based Treatment for Large-Bodied Women With Depression. Behav Ther, 53(5), 913-926. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.03.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carr, 2017",
          "ref": "Carr, A., Finnegan, L., Griffin, E., Cotter, P., & Hyland, A. (2017). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Say Yes to Life (SYTL) Positive Psychology Group Psychotherapy Program for Depression: An Interim Report. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 47(3), 153-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chan, 2012",
          "ref": "Chan AS, Wong QY, Sze SL, Kwong PP, Han YM, Cheung MC. A Chinese Chan-based mind-body intervention for patients with depression. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2012;142(1-3):283-9."
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          "study": "Cukor, 2014",
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        },
        {
          "study": "De Jong, 2018",
          "ref": "De Jong M, Peeters F, Gard T, et al. A randomized controlled pilot study on mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for unipolar depression in patients with chronic pain. Journal of clinical psychiatry 2018; 79(1): 26‐34."
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          "study": "Dimidjian, 2006",
          "ref": "Dimidjian S, Hollon SD, Dobson KS, Schmaling KB, Kohlenberg RJ, Addis ME, et al. Randomized trial of behavioral activation, cognitive therapy, and antidepressant medication in the acute treatment of adults with major depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2006;74(4):658-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dindo, 2020",
          "ref": "Dindo, L. N., Recober, A., Calarge, C. A., Zimmerman, B. M., Weinrib, A., Marchman, J. N., & Turvey, C. (2019). One-Day Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Compared to Support for Depressed Migraine Patients: a Randomized Clinical Trial. Neurotherapeutics. doi:10.1007/s13311-019-00818-0"
        },
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        },
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        },
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          "ref": "Gellis ZD, Bruce ML. Problem solving therapy for subthreshold depression in home healthcare patients with cardiovascular disease. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2010;18(6):464-74."
        },
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          "ref": "Hemanny, C., Carvalho, C., Maia, N., Reis, D., Botelho, A. C., Bonavides, D., . . . De Oliveira, I. R. (2019). Efficacy of trial-based cognitive therapy, behavioral activation and treatment as usual in the treatment of major depressive disorder: Preliminary findings from a randomized clinical trial. CNS Spectrums. doi:10.1017/S1092852919001457"
        },
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          "study": "Hummel, 2017",
          "ref": "Hummel, J., Weisbrod, C., Boesch, L., Himpler, K., Hauer, K., Hautzinger, M., . . . Kopf, D. (2017). AIDE–Acute Illness and Depression in Elderly Patients. Cognitive Behavioral Group Psychotherapy in Geriatric Patients With Comorbid Depression: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Journal of the american medical directors association, 18(4), 341-349."
        },
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          "study": "Husain, 2017",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Zulqernain, F., Carter, L.-A., Chaudhry, I., Fatima, B., Kiran, T., . . . Rahman, A. (2017). Treatment of maternal depression in urban slums of Karachi, Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an integrated maternal psychological and early child development intervention. Asian journal of psychiatry, 29, 63-70."
        },
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          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Shah, S., Rahman, A., Raza Ur, R., Saeed, Q., Naeem, S., Bassett, P., Husain, M., Haq, S. U., Jaffery, F., Cohen, N., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). Efficacy of learning through play plus intervention to reduce maternal depression in women with malnourished children: A randomized controlled trial from Pakistan(✰). J Affect Disord, 278, 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.001"
        },
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          "ref": "Jelinek L, Hauschildt M, Wittekind CE, Schneider BC, Kriston L, Moritz S. Efficacy of metacognitive training for depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2016;85(4):231-4."
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          "ref": "Johnson JE, Zlotnick C. Pilot study of treatment for major depression among women prisoners with substance use disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2012;46(9):1174-83."
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        },
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          "study": "Laidlaw, 2008",
          "ref": "Laidlaw K, Davidson K, Toner H, Jackson G, Clark S, Law J, et al. A randomised controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy vs treatment as usual in the treatment of mild to moderate late life depression. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2008;23(8):843-50."
        },
        {
          "study": "Larcombe, 1984",
          "ref": "Larcombe NA, Wilson PH. An evaluation of cognitive-behaviour therapy for depression in patients with multiple sclerosis. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1984;145:366-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Liu, 2021",
          "ref": "Liu, H., & Yang, Y. (2021). Effects of a psychological nursing intervention on prevention of anxiety and depression in the postpartum period: a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Annals of General Psychiatry, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00320-4"
        },
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          "study": "Maina, 2005",
          "ref": "Maina G, Forner F, Bogetto F. Randomized controlled trial comparing brief dynamic and supportive therapy with waiting list condition in minor depressive disorders. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2005;74(1):43-50."
        },
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          "study": "McIndoo, 2016",
          "ref": "McIndoo CC, File AA, Preddy T, Clark CG, Hopko DR. Mindfulness-based therapy and behavioral activation: A randomized controlled trial with depressed college students. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2016;77:118-28."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohr, 2011",
          "ref": "Mohr DC, Carmody T, Erickson L, Jin L, Leader J. Telephone-administered cognitive behavioral therapy for veterans served by community-based outpatient clinics. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2011;79(2):261-5."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mulcahy, 2010",
          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mynors-Wallis, 1995",
          "ref": "Mynors-Wallis L, Gath D, Lloyd-Thomas A, Tomlinson D. Randomised controlled trial comparing problem solving treatment with amitriptyline and placebo for major depression in primary care. BMJ. 1995;310(6977):441-5."
        },
        {
          "study": "Neugebauer, 2006",
          "ref": "Neugebauer R, Kline J, Markowitz JC, Bleiberg KL, Baxi L, Rosing MA, et al. Pilot randomized controlled trial of interpersonal counseling for subsyndromal depression following miscarriage. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2006;67(8):1299-304."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nezu, 1989",
          "ref": "Nezu AM, Perri MG. Social problem-solving therapy for unipolar depression: An initial dismantling investigation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989;57(3):408-13."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Hara, 2000",
          "ref": "O'Hara MW, Stuart S, Gorman LL, Wenzel A. Efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2000;57(11):1039-45."
        },
        {
          "study": "Okeke, 2023",
          "ref": "Okeke NM, Onah BN, Ekwealor NE, Ekwueme SC, Ezugwu JO, Edeh EN, et al. Effect of a randomized group intervention for depression among Nigerian pre-service adult education teachers. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023;102(27):e34159."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pardini, 2014 (study 2)",
          "ref": "Pardini J, Scogin F, Schriver J, Domino M, Wilson D, LaRocca M. Efficacy and process of cognitive bibliotherapy for the treatment of depression in jail and prison inmates. Psychological services 2014-11(2): 141-52. (study2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pecheur, 1984",
          "ref": "Pecheur DR, Edwards KJ. A comparison of secular and religious versions of cognitive therapy with depressed Christian college students. Journal of Psychology and Theology. 1984."
        },
        {
          "study": "Poleshuck, 2014",
          "ref": "Poleshuck EL, Gamble SA, Bellenger K, Lu N, Tu X, Sorensen S, et al. Randomized controlled trial of interpersonal psychotherapy versus enhanced treatment as usual for women with co-occurring depression and pelvic pain. Journal of psychosomatic research. 2014;77(4):264-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Propst, 1992",
          "ref": "Propst LR, Ostrom R, Watkins P, Dean T, Mashburn D. Comparative efficacy of religious and nonreligious cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of clinical depression in religious individuals. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1992;60(1):94-103."
        },
        {
          "study": "Raue, 2019",
          "ref": "Raue, P. J., Sirey, J. A., Dawson, A., Berman, J., & Bruce, M. L. (2019). Lay-delivered behavioral activation for depressed senior center clients: Pilot RCT. International journal of geriatric psychiatry, 34(11), 1715-1723. doi:10.1002/gps.5186"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rehm, 1981",
          "ref": "Rehm LP, Kornblith SJ, O'Hara MW, Lamparski DM, Romano JM, Volkin JI. An evaluation of major components in a self-control therapy program for depression. Behavior modification. 1981;5(4):459-89."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell, 2020",
          "ref": "Russell, A., Gaunt, D. M., Cooper, K., Barton, S., Horwood, J., Kessler, D., . . . et al. (2019). The feasibility of low-intensity psychological therapy for depression co-occurring with autism in adults: the Autism Depression Trial (ADEPT) – a pilot randomised controlled trial. Autism. doi:10.1177/1362361319889272"
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2009",
          "ref": "Safren SA, O'Cleirigh C, Tan JY, Raminani SR, Reilly LC, Otto MW, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for adherence and depression (CBT-AD) in HIV-infected individuals. Health Psychology. 2009;28(1):1-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2021",
          "ref": "Safren, S. A., O'Cleirigh, C., Andersen, L. S., Magidson, J. F., Lee, J. S., Bainter, S. A., . . . Joska, J. A. (2021). Treating depression and improving adherence in HIV care with task-shared cognitive behavioural therapy in Khayelitsha, South Africa: a randomized controlled trial. J Int AIDS Soc, 24(10), e25823. doi:10.1002/jia2.25823"
        },
        {
          "study": "Savard, 2006",
          "ref": "Savard J, Simard S, Giguere I, Ivers H, Morin CM, Maunsell E, et al. Randomized clinical trial on cognitive therapy for depression in women with metastatic breast cancer: Psychological and immunological effects. Palliative and Supportive Care. 2006;4(3):219-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulberg, 1996",
          "ref": "Schulberg HC, Block MR, Madonia MJ, Scott CP, Rodriguez E, Imber SD, et al. Treating major depression in primary care practice. Eight-month clinical outcomes. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1996;53(10):913-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1987",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Hamblin D, Beutler L. Bibliotherapy for depressed older adults: A self-help alternative. The Gerontologist. 1987;27(3):383-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1989",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Jamison C, Gochneaur K. Comparative efficacy of cognitive and behavioral bibliotherapy for mildly and moderately depressed older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989;57(3):403-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1992",
          "ref": "Scott AI, Freeman CP. Edinburgh primary care depression study: Treatment outcome, patient satisfaction, and cost after 16 weeks. BMJ. 1992;304(6831):883-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1997",
          "ref": "Scott C, Tacchi MJ, Jones R, Scott J. Acute and one-year outcome of a randomised controlled trial of brief cognitive therapy for major depressive disorder in primary care. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1997;171:131-4."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Selmi, 1990",
          "ref": "Selmi PM, Klein MH, Greist JH, Sorrell SP, Erdman HP. Computer-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1990;147(1):51-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheeber, 2017",
          "ref": "Sheeber, L., Feil, E., Seeley, J., Leve, C., Gau, J., Davis, B., . . . Allan, S. (2017). Mom-net: evaluation of an internet-facilitated cognitive behavioral intervention for low-income depressed mothers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(4), 355-366."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shih, 2021",
          "ref": "Shih, V. W. Y., Chan, W. C., Tai, O. K., Wong, H. L., Cheng, C. P. W., & Wong, C. S. M. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Late-Life Depression: a Randomised Controlled Trial. East Asian Arch Psychiatry, 31(2), 27-35. doi:10.12809/eaap2075"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Swartz, 2008",
          "ref": "Swartz HA, Frank E, Zuckoff A, Cyranowski JM, Houck PR, Cheng Y, et al. Brief interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed mothers whose children are receiving psychiatric treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;165(9):1155-62."
        },
        {
          "study": "Talbot, 2011",
          "ref": "Talbot NL, Chaudron LH, Ward EA, Duberstein PR, Conwell Y, O'Hara MW, et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed women with sexual abuse histories. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(4):374-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 2009",
          "ref": "Taylor CB, Conrad A, Wilhelm FH, Strachowski D, Khaylis A, Neri E, et al. Does improving mood in depressed patients alter factors that may affect cardiovascular disease risk? Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2009;43(16):1246-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tong, 2020",
          "ref": "Tong, P., Bu, P., Yang, Y., Dong, L., Sun, T., & Shi, Y. (2019). Group cognitive behavioural therapy can reduce stigma and improve treatment compliance in major depressive disorder patients. Early intervention in psychiatry. doi:10.1111/eip.12841"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tovote, 2014",
          "ref": "Tovote KA, Fleer J, Snippe E, Peeters A, Emmelkamp PMG, Sanderman R, et al. Individual mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for treating depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2014;37(9):2427-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Verduyn, 2003",
          "ref": "Verduyn C, Barrowclough C, Roberts J, Tarrier N, Harrington R. Maternal depression and child behaviour problems: Randomised placebo-controlled trial of a cognitive-behavioural group intervention. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;183(OCT.):342-8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vitriol, 2009",
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        {
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "full": "Hamilton Depression Rating Scale - 17 item version",
      "indication": null,
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      "phi": 9.373,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ren, 2019",
          "ref": "Ren W, Qiu H, Yang Y, Zhu X, Zhu C, Mao G, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for depressive and anxiety symptoms in Chinese women with breast cancer. Psychiatry Research. 2019;271:52-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1023,
      "instr": "HDRS-17",
      "full": "Hamilton Depression Rating Scale - 17 item version",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
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      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 89,
      "k_es": 121,
      "sd": 6.008,
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      "refs": [
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
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          "study": "Propst, 1992",
          "ref": "Propst LR, Ostrom R, Watkins P, Dean T, Mashburn D. Comparative efficacy of religious and nonreligious cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of clinical depression in religious individuals. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1992;60(1):94-103."
        },
        {
          "study": "Qiu, 2013",
          "ref": "Qiu J, Chen W, Gao X, Xu Y, Tong H, Yang M, et al. A randomized controlled trial of group cognitive behavioral therapy for Chinese breast cancer patients with major depression. Journal of psychosomatic obstetrics and gynaecology. 2013;34(2):60-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahman, 2008",
          "ref": "Rahman A, Malik A, Sikander S, Roberts C, Creed F. Cognitive behaviour therapy-based intervention by community health workers for mothers with depression and their infants in rural Pakistan: A cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;372(9642):902-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Raue, 2019",
          "ref": "Raue, P. J., Sirey, J. A., Dawson, A., Berman, J., & Bruce, M. L. (2019). Lay-delivered behavioral activation for depressed senior center clients: Pilot RCT. International journal of geriatric psychiatry, 34(11), 1715-1723. doi:10.1002/gps.5186"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rehm, 1981",
          "ref": "Rehm LP, Kornblith SJ, O'Hara MW, Lamparski DM, Romano JM, Volkin JI. An evaluation of major components in a self-control therapy program for depression. Behavior modification. 1981;5(4):459-89."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rosso, 2017",
          "ref": "Rosso, I. M., Killgore, W. D., Olson, E. A., Webb, C. A., Fukunaga, R., Auerbach, R. P., Gogel, H., Buchholz, J. L., & Rauch, S. L. Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 34(3), 236-245. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5540163/pdf/nihms884093.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell, 2020",
          "ref": "Russell, A., Gaunt, D. M., Cooper, K., Barton, S., Horwood, J., Kessler, D., . . . et al. (2019). The feasibility of low-intensity psychological therapy for depression co-occurring with autism in adults: the Autism Depression Trial (ADEPT) – a pilot randomised controlled trial. Autism. doi:10.1177/1362361319889272"
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2009",
          "ref": "Safren SA, O'Cleirigh C, Tan JY, Raminani SR, Reilly LC, Otto MW, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for adherence and depression (CBT-AD) in HIV-infected individuals. Health Psychology. 2009;28(1):1-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2021",
          "ref": "Safren, S. A., O'Cleirigh, C., Andersen, L. S., Magidson, J. F., Lee, J. S., Bainter, S. A., . . . Joska, J. A. (2021). Treating depression and improving adherence in HIV care with task-shared cognitive behavioural therapy in Khayelitsha, South Africa: a randomized controlled trial. J Int AIDS Soc, 24(10), e25823. doi:10.1002/jia2.25823"
        },
        {
          "study": "Savard, 2006",
          "ref": "Savard J, Simard S, Giguere I, Ivers H, Morin CM, Maunsell E, et al. Randomized clinical trial on cognitive therapy for depression in women with metastatic breast cancer: Psychological and immunological effects. Palliative and Supportive Care. 2006;4(3):219-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulberg, 1996",
          "ref": "Schulberg HC, Block MR, Madonia MJ, Scott CP, Rodriguez E, Imber SD, et al. Treating major depression in primary care practice. Eight-month clinical outcomes. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1996;53(10):913-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1987",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Hamblin D, Beutler L. Bibliotherapy for depressed older adults: A self-help alternative. The Gerontologist. 1987;27(3):383-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1989",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Jamison C, Gochneaur K. Comparative efficacy of cognitive and behavioral bibliotherapy for mildly and moderately depressed older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989;57(3):403-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1992",
          "ref": "Scott AI, Freeman CP. Edinburgh primary care depression study: Treatment outcome, patient satisfaction, and cost after 16 weeks. BMJ. 1992;304(6831):883-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1997",
          "ref": "Scott C, Tacchi MJ, Jones R, Scott J. Acute and one-year outcome of a randomised controlled trial of brief cognitive therapy for major depressive disorder in primary care. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1997;171:131-4."
        },
        {
          "study": "Segre, 2015",
          "ref": "Segre LS, Brock RL, O'Hara MW. Depression treatment for impoverished mothers by point-of-care providers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(2):314-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Selmi, 1990",
          "ref": "Selmi PM, Klein MH, Greist JH, Sorrell SP, Erdman HP. Computer-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1990;147(1):51-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shah, 2018",
          "ref": "Shah, A., Morthland, M., Scogin, F., Presnell, A., DiNapoli, E. A., DeCoster, J., & Yang, X. (2018). Audio and Computer Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior Therapy, 49(6), 904‐916."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheeber, 2017",
          "ref": "Sheeber, L., Feil, E., Seeley, J., Leve, C., Gau, J., Davis, B., . . . Allan, S. (2017). Mom-net: evaluation of an internet-facilitated cognitive behavioral intervention for low-income depressed mothers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(4), 355-366."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shih, 2021",
          "ref": "Shih, V. W. Y., Chan, W. C., Tai, O. K., Wong, H. L., Cheng, C. P. W., & Wong, C. S. M. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Late-Life Depression: a Randomised Controlled Trial. East Asian Arch Psychiatry, 31(2), 27-35. doi:10.12809/eaap2075"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Swartz, 2008",
          "ref": "Swartz HA, Frank E, Zuckoff A, Cyranowski JM, Houck PR, Cheng Y, et al. Brief interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed mothers whose children are receiving psychiatric treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;165(9):1155-62."
        },
        {
          "study": "Talbot, 2011",
          "ref": "Talbot NL, Chaudron LH, Ward EA, Duberstein PR, Conwell Y, O'Hara MW, et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed women with sexual abuse histories. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(4):374-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 2009",
          "ref": "Taylor CB, Conrad A, Wilhelm FH, Strachowski D, Khaylis A, Neri E, et al. Does improving mood in depressed patients alter factors that may affect cardiovascular disease risk? Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2009;43(16):1246-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tong, 2020",
          "ref": "Tong, P., Bu, P., Yang, Y., Dong, L., Sun, T., & Shi, Y. (2019). Group cognitive behavioural therapy can reduce stigma and improve treatment compliance in major depressive disorder patients. Early intervention in psychiatry. doi:10.1111/eip.12841"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tovote, 2014",
          "ref": "Tovote KA, Fleer J, Snippe E, Peeters A, Emmelkamp PMG, Sanderman R, et al. Individual mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for treating depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2014;37(9):2427-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Verduyn, 2003",
          "ref": "Verduyn C, Barrowclough C, Roberts J, Tarrier N, Harrington R. Maternal depression and child behaviour problems: Randomised placebo-controlled trial of a cognitive-behavioural group intervention. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;183(OCT.):342-8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vitriol, 2009",
          "ref": "Vitriol VG, Ballesteros ST, Florenzano RU, Weil KP, Benadof DF. Evaluation of an outpatient intervention for women with severe depression and a history of childhood trauma. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(7):936-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watt, 2000",
          "ref": "Watt LM, Cappeliez P. Integrative and instrumental reminiscence therapies for depression in older adults: Intervention strategies and treatment effectiveness. Aging and Mental Health. 2000;4(2):166-77."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilson, 1983",
          "ref": "Wilson PH, Goldin JC, Charbonneau-Powis M. Comparative efficacy of behavioral and cognitive treatments of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1983;7(2):111-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zu, 2014",
          "ref": "Zu S, Xiang Y-T, Liu J, Zhang L, Wang G, Ma X, et al. A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy, antidepressants, their combination and standard treatment for Chinese patients with moderate–severe major depressive disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2014;152-154:262-7."
        }
      ]
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          "ref": "Chiang KJ, Chen TH, Hsieh HT, Tsai JC, Ou KL, Chou KR. One-year follow-up of the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group therapy for patients' depression: A randomized, single-blinded, controlled study. Scientific World Journal. 2015;2015:Article ID 373149."
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          "ref": "Hayati, M. S., Shams, J., Meibodi, S. S., Shafighi, A. H., Shattell, M., & Ghadirian, F. (2024). The effects of a telenursing scheduled intervention of brief behavioral activation therapy on depression and anxiety symptoms of patients with mixed depression and anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Arch Psychiatr Nurs, 52, 39-44. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2024.07.014"
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          "ref": "Husain N, Lunat F, Lovell K, Sharma D, Zaidi N, Bokhari A, et al. Exploratory RCT of a group psychological intervention for postnatal depression in British mothers of South Asian origin - ROSHNI-D. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2023;238:103974."
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          "ref": "Jamison C, Scogin F. The outcome of cognitive bibliotherapy with depressed adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1995;63(4):644-50."
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          "ref": "Jarrett RB, Schaffer M, McIntire D, Witt-Browder A, Kraft D, Risser RC. Treatment of atypical depression with cognitive therapy or phenelzine: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1999;56(5):431-7."
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          "ref": "Rohan KJ, Roecklein KA, Lindsey KT, Johnson LG, Lippy RD, Lacy TJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, and their combination for seasonal affective disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2007;75(3):489-500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rohricht, 2013",
          "ref": "Rohricht F, Papadopoulos N, Priebe S. An exploratory randomized controlled trial of body psychotherapy for patients with chronic depression. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;151(1):85-91."
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          "ref": "Husain N, Lunat F, Lovell K, Sharma D, Zaidi N, Bokhari A, et al. Exploratory RCT of a group psychological intervention for postnatal depression in British mothers of South Asian origin - ROSHNI-D. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2023;238:103974."
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          "ref": "Chiang KJ, Chen TH, Hsieh HT, Tsai JC, Ou KL, Chou KR. One-year follow-up of the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group therapy for patients' depression: A randomized, single-blinded, controlled study. Scientific World Journal. 2015;2015:Article ID 373149."
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          "ref": "Choi NG, Marti CN, Wilson NL, et al. Effect of Telehealth Treatment by Lay Counselors vs by Clinicians on Depressive Symptoms Among Older Adults Who Are Homebound: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2015648."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cohen, 2010",
          "ref": "Cohen S, O'Leary KD, Foran H. A randomized clinical trial of a brief, problem-focused couple therapy for depression. Behavior Therapy. 2010;41(4):433-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gibbons, 2012",
          "ref": "Gibbons MB, Thompson SM, Scott K, Schauble LA, Mooney T, Thompson D, et al. Supportive-expressive dynamic psychotherapy in the community mental health system: A pilot effectiveness trial for the treatment of depression. Psychotherapy (Chicago, Ill). 2012;49(3):303-16."
        },
        {
          "study": "Liu, 2023",
          "ref": "Liu W, Yuan J, Wu Y, Xu L, Wang X, Meng J, et al. A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for major depressive disorder in undergraduate students: Dose- response effect, inflammatory markers and BDNF. Psychiatry Research. 2024;331."
        },
        {
          "study": "Niedermoser, 2020",
          "ref": "Niedermoser DW, Kalak N, Kiyhankhadiv A, et al. Workplace-Related Interpersonal Group Psychotherapy to Improve Life at Work in Individuals With Major Depressive Disorders: a Randomized Interventional Pilot Study. Frontiers in psychiatry. 2020;11."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schramm, 2020",
          "ref": "Schramm E, Mack S, Thiel N, Jenkner C, Elsaesser M, Fangmeier T. Interpersonal psychotherapy vs treatment as usual for major depression related to work stress: A pilot randomized controlled study. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2020;11."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2025",
          "ref": "Yan S, Zhong S, Lyu S, Lai S, Zhang Y, Luo Y, et al. A randomized trial of virtual reality eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy for major depressive disorder with childhood trauma: A 3-month follow-up study. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. 2025."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "full": "Hamilton Depression Rating Scale - 24 item version",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Choi, 2020b",
          "ref": "Choi NG, Marti CN, Wilson NL, et al. Effect of Telehealth Treatment by Lay Counselors vs by Clinicians on Depressive Symptoms Among Older Adults Who Are Homebound: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2015648."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cohen, 2010",
          "ref": "Cohen S, O'Leary KD, Foran H. A randomized clinical trial of a brief, problem-focused couple therapy for depression. Behavior Therapy. 2010;41(4):433-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dong, 2019",
          "ref": "Dong, X., Sun, G., Zhan, J., Liu, F., Ma, S., Li, P., . . . Liu, Y. (2019). Telephone-based reminiscence therapy for colorectal cancer patients undergoing postoperative chemotherapy complicated with depression: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer, 27(8), 2761-2769. doi:10.1007/s00520-018-4566-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2018",
          "ref": "Ebert DD, Buntrock C, Lehr D, et al. Effectiveness of Web- and Mobile-Based Treatment of Subthreshold Depression With Adherence-Focused Guidance: a Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior therapy 2018; 49(1): 71‐83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gibbons, 2012",
          "ref": "Gibbons MB, Thompson SM, Scott K, Schauble LA, Mooney T, Thompson D, et al. Supportive-expressive dynamic psychotherapy in the community mental health system: A pilot effectiveness trial for the treatment of depression. Psychotherapy (Chicago, Ill). 2012;49(3):303-16."
        },
        {
          "study": "Krämer, 2022",
          "ref": "Krämer, R., Köhne-Voll, , L., Schumacher, A., & Köhler, S. Efficacy of an online intervention for treatment of depressive disorders: a three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing guided and unguided self-help with waitlist control. JMIR Form Res."
        },
        {
          "study": "Liu, 2023",
          "ref": "Liu W, Yuan J, Wu Y, Xu L, Wang X, Meng J, et al. A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for major depressive disorder in undergraduate students: Dose- response effect, inflammatory markers and BDNF. Psychiatry Research. 2024;331."
        },
        {
          "study": "Michalak, 2015",
          "ref": "Michalak J, Schultze M, Heidenreich T, Schramm E. A randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and a group version of cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy for chronically depressed patients. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(5):951-63."
        },
        {
          "study": "Niedermoser, 2020",
          "ref": "Niedermoser DW, Kalak N, Kiyhankhadiv A, et al. Workplace-Related Interpersonal Group Psychotherapy to Improve Life at Work in Individuals With Major Depressive Disorders: a Randomized Interventional Pilot Study. Frontiers in psychiatry. 2020;11."
        },
        {
          "study": "Reins, 2019",
          "ref": "Reins, J. A., Boß, L., Lehr, D., Berking, M., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). The more I got, the less I need? Efficacy of Internet-based guided self-help compared to online psychoeducation for major depressive disorder. Journal of, 246, 695-705. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.065"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ritvo, 2021",
          "ref": "Ritvo, P., et al. (2021). \"Online Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention for Youth With Major Depressive Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(3): e24380."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schramm, 2020",
          "ref": "Schramm E, Mack S, Thiel N, Jenkner C, Elsaesser M, Fangmeier T. Interpersonal psychotherapy vs treatment as usual for major depression related to work stress: A pilot randomized controlled study. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2020;11."
        },
        {
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        },
        {
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        {
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          "ref": "Carlson JG, Chemtob CM, Rusnak K, et al. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. J Trauma Stress. 1998 Jan;11(1):3-24. doi: 10.1023/A:1024448814268. PMID: 9479673."
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          "ref": "Hogberg G, Pagani M, Sundin O, et al. On treatment with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing of chronic post-traumatic stress disorder in public transportation workers--a randomized controlled trial. Nord J Psychiatry. 2007;61(1):54-61. doi: 10.1080/08039480601129408. PMID: 17365790."
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        {
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        {
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          "ref": "Rohde, P., Stice, E., Shaw, H., & Gau, J. M. (2014). Cognitive-behavioral group depression prevention compared to bibliotherapy and brochure control: Nonsignificant effects in pilot effectiveness trial with college students. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 55(1), 48-53."
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          "ref": "Rohde, P., Stice, E., Shaw, H., & Gau, J. M. (2014). Cognitive-behavioral group depression prevention compared to bibliotherapy and brochure control: Nonsignificant effects in pilot effectiveness trial with college students. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 55(1), 48-53."
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          "study": "Rohde, 2016",
          "ref": "Rohde P, Stice E, Shaw H, Gau JM. Pilot trial of a dissonance-based cognitive-behavioral group depression prevention with college students. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2016;82:21-7."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "LSAS",
      "full": "Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale",
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      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
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      "k_es": 14,
      "sd": 23.625,
      "lo": 21.104,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2016",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Thake, J., Mavounza, C., Daoust, J. P., Taljaard, M., & Bradwejn, J. (2016). Preliminary Investigation of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Social Anxiety Disorder That Integrates Compassion Meditation and Mindful Exposure. J Altern Complement Med, 22(5), 363-374. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2015.0108 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2013",
          "ref": "Leichsenring, F., Salzer, S., Beutel, M. E., Herpertz, S., Hiller, W., Hoyer, J., Huesing, J., Joraschky, P., Nolting, B., Poehlmann, K., Ritter, V., Stangier, U., Strauss, B., Stuhldreher, N., Tefikow, S., Teismann, T., Willutzki, U., Wiltink, J., & Leibing, E. (2013). Psychodynamic therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in social anxiety disorder: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry, 170(7), 759-767. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12081125 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Robillard, 2010",
          "ref": "Robillard, G., Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Guitard, T., & Klinger, E. (2010). Using virtual humans to alleviate social anxiety: preliminary report from a comparative outcome study. Stud Health Technol Inform, 154, 57-60. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-561-7-57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schweden, 2016",
          "ref": "Schweden, T. L. K., Pittig, A., Brauer, D., Klumbies, E., Kirschbaum, C., & Hoyer, J. (2016). Reduction of depersonalization during social stress through cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. J Anxiety Disord, 43, 99-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.09.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2011",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Schramm, E., Heidenreich, T., Berger, M., & Clark, D. M. (2011). Cognitive therapy vs interpersonal psychotherapy in social anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 68(7), 692-700. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.67 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Yoshinaga, 2016",
          "ref": "Yoshinaga, N., Matsuki, S., Niitsu, T., Sato, Y., Tanaka, M., Ibuki, H., Takanashi, R., Ohshiro, K., Ohshima, F., Asano, K., Kobori, O., Yoshimura, K., Hirano, Y., Sawaguchi, K., Koshizaka, M., Hanaoka, H., Nakagawa, A., Nakazato, M., Iyo, M., & Shimizu, E. (2016). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Patients with Social Anxiety Disorder Who Remain Symptomatic following Antidepressant Treatment: A Randomized, Assessor-Blinded, Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 85(4), 208-217. https://doi.org/10.1159/000444221 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "sg": "No subgroup",
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      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2016",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Thake, J., Mavounza, C., Daoust, J. P., Taljaard, M., & Bradwejn, J. (2016). Preliminary Investigation of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Social Anxiety Disorder That Integrates Compassion Meditation and Mindful Exposure. J Altern Complement Med, 22(5), 363-374. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2015.0108 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2013",
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        },
        {
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        {
          "study": "Schweden, 2016",
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Yoshinaga, 2016",
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2016",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Thake, J., Mavounza, C., Daoust, J. P., Taljaard, M., & Bradwejn, J. (2016). Preliminary Investigation of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Social Anxiety Disorder That Integrates Compassion Meditation and Mindful Exposure. J Altern Complement Med, 22(5), 363-374. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2015.0108 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Robillard, 2010",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Schweden, 2016",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2011",
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        },
        {
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        }
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        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2013",
          "ref": "Leichsenring, F., Salzer, S., Beutel, M. E., Herpertz, S., Hiller, W., Hoyer, J., Huesing, J., Joraschky, P., Nolting, B., Poehlmann, K., Ritter, V., Stangier, U., Strauss, B., Stuhldreher, N., Tefikow, S., Teismann, T., Willutzki, U., Wiltink, J., & Leibing, E. (2013). Psychodynamic therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in social anxiety disorder: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry, 170(7), 759-767. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12081125 "
        },
        {
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        {
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Yoshinaga, 2016",
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        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2016",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Thake, J., Mavounza, C., Daoust, J. P., Taljaard, M., & Bradwejn, J. (2016). Preliminary Investigation of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Social Anxiety Disorder That Integrates Compassion Meditation and Mindful Exposure. J Altern Complement Med, 22(5), 363-374. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2015.0108 "
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2013",
          "ref": "Leichsenring, F., Salzer, S., Beutel, M. E., Herpertz, S., Hiller, W., Hoyer, J., Huesing, J., Joraschky, P., Nolting, B., Poehlmann, K., Ritter, V., Stangier, U., Strauss, B., Stuhldreher, N., Tefikow, S., Teismann, T., Willutzki, U., Wiltink, J., & Leibing, E. (2013). Psychodynamic therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in social anxiety disorder: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry, 170(7), 759-767. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12081125 "
        },
        {
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        {
          "study": "Schweden, 2016",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2011",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Schramm, E., Heidenreich, T., Berger, M., & Clark, D. M. (2011). Cognitive therapy vs interpersonal psychotherapy in social anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 68(7), 692-700. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.67 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Yoshinaga, 2016",
          "ref": "Yoshinaga, N., Matsuki, S., Niitsu, T., Sato, Y., Tanaka, M., Ibuki, H., Takanashi, R., Ohshiro, K., Ohshima, F., Asano, K., Kobori, O., Yoshimura, K., Hirano, Y., Sawaguchi, K., Koshizaka, M., Hanaoka, H., Nakagawa, A., Nakazato, M., Iyo, M., & Shimizu, E. (2016). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Patients with Social Anxiety Disorder Who Remain Symptomatic following Antidepressant Treatment: A Randomized, Assessor-Blinded, Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 85(4), 208-217. https://doi.org/10.1159/000444221 "
        }
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        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
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          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2016",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Thake, J., Mavounza, C., Daoust, J. P., Taljaard, M., & Bradwejn, J. (2016). Preliminary Investigation of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Social Anxiety Disorder That Integrates Compassion Meditation and Mindful Exposure. J Altern Complement Med, 22(5), 363-374. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2015.0108 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2013",
          "ref": "Leichsenring, F., Salzer, S., Beutel, M. E., Herpertz, S., Hiller, W., Hoyer, J., Huesing, J., Joraschky, P., Nolting, B., Poehlmann, K., Ritter, V., Stangier, U., Strauss, B., Stuhldreher, N., Tefikow, S., Teismann, T., Willutzki, U., Wiltink, J., & Leibing, E. (2013). Psychodynamic therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in social anxiety disorder: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry, 170(7), 759-767. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12081125 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Robillard, 2010",
          "ref": "Robillard, G., Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Guitard, T., & Klinger, E. (2010). Using virtual humans to alleviate social anxiety: preliminary report from a comparative outcome study. Stud Health Technol Inform, 154, 57-60. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-561-7-57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schweden, 2016",
          "ref": "Schweden, T. L. K., Pittig, A., Brauer, D., Klumbies, E., Kirschbaum, C., & Hoyer, J. (2016). Reduction of depersonalization during social stress through cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. J Anxiety Disord, 43, 99-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.09.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2011",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Schramm, E., Heidenreich, T., Berger, M., & Clark, D. M. (2011). Cognitive therapy vs interpersonal psychotherapy in social anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 68(7), 692-700. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.67 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Yoshinaga, 2016",
          "ref": "Yoshinaga, N., Matsuki, S., Niitsu, T., Sato, Y., Tanaka, M., Ibuki, H., Takanashi, R., Ohshiro, K., Ohshima, F., Asano, K., Kobori, O., Yoshimura, K., Hirano, Y., Sawaguchi, K., Koshizaka, M., Hanaoka, H., Nakagawa, A., Nakazato, M., Iyo, M., & Shimizu, E. (2016). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Patients with Social Anxiety Disorder Who Remain Symptomatic following Antidepressant Treatment: A Randomized, Assessor-Blinded, Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 85(4), 208-217. https://doi.org/10.1159/000444221 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1227,
      "instr": "LSAS",
      "full": "Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Not low risk of bias",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 9,
      "k_es": 13,
      "sd": 24.273,
      "lo": 21.77,
      "hi": 27.062,
      "tau2": 0.0187,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 18.176,
      "phi": 32.414,
      "i2": 73.2,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2013",
          "ref": "Leichsenring, F., Salzer, S., Beutel, M. E., Herpertz, S., Hiller, W., Hoyer, J., Huesing, J., Joraschky, P., Nolting, B., Poehlmann, K., Ritter, V., Stangier, U., Strauss, B., Stuhldreher, N., Tefikow, S., Teismann, T., Willutzki, U., Wiltink, J., & Leibing, E. (2013). Psychodynamic therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in social anxiety disorder: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry, 170(7), 759-767. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12081125 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Robillard, 2010",
          "ref": "Robillard, G., Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Guitard, T., & Klinger, E. (2010). Using virtual humans to alleviate social anxiety: preliminary report from a comparative outcome study. Stud Health Technol Inform, 154, 57-60. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-561-7-57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schweden, 2016",
          "ref": "Schweden, T. L. K., Pittig, A., Brauer, D., Klumbies, E., Kirschbaum, C., & Hoyer, J. (2016). Reduction of depersonalization during social stress through cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. J Anxiety Disord, 43, 99-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.09.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2011",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Schramm, E., Heidenreich, T., Berger, M., & Clark, D. M. (2011). Cognitive therapy vs interpersonal psychotherapy in social anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 68(7), 692-700. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.67 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Yoshinaga, 2016",
          "ref": "Yoshinaga, N., Matsuki, S., Niitsu, T., Sato, Y., Tanaka, M., Ibuki, H., Takanashi, R., Ohshiro, K., Ohshima, F., Asano, K., Kobori, O., Yoshimura, K., Hirano, Y., Sawaguchi, K., Koshizaka, M., Hanaoka, H., Nakagawa, A., Nakazato, M., Iyo, M., & Shimizu, E. (2016). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Patients with Social Anxiety Disorder Who Remain Symptomatic following Antidepressant Treatment: A Randomized, Assessor-Blinded, Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 85(4), 208-217. https://doi.org/10.1159/000444221 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1228,
      "instr": "LSAS",
      "full": "Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Not low risk of bias",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 10,
      "k_es": 14,
      "sd": 23.97,
      "lo": 21.41,
      "hi": 26.836,
      "tau2": 0,
      "tau2w": 0.0216,
      "plo": 17.695,
      "phi": 32.47,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2016",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Thake, J., Mavounza, C., Daoust, J. P., Taljaard, M., & Bradwejn, J. (2016). Preliminary Investigation of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Social Anxiety Disorder That Integrates Compassion Meditation and Mindful Exposure. J Altern Complement Med, 22(5), 363-374. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2015.0108 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2013",
          "ref": "Leichsenring, F., Salzer, S., Beutel, M. E., Herpertz, S., Hiller, W., Hoyer, J., Huesing, J., Joraschky, P., Nolting, B., Poehlmann, K., Ritter, V., Stangier, U., Strauss, B., Stuhldreher, N., Tefikow, S., Teismann, T., Willutzki, U., Wiltink, J., & Leibing, E. (2013). Psychodynamic therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in social anxiety disorder: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry, 170(7), 759-767. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12081125 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Robillard, 2010",
          "ref": "Robillard, G., Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Guitard, T., & Klinger, E. (2010). Using virtual humans to alleviate social anxiety: preliminary report from a comparative outcome study. Stud Health Technol Inform, 154, 57-60. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-561-7-57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schweden, 2016",
          "ref": "Schweden, T. L. K., Pittig, A., Brauer, D., Klumbies, E., Kirschbaum, C., & Hoyer, J. (2016). Reduction of depersonalization during social stress through cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. J Anxiety Disord, 43, 99-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.09.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2011",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Schramm, E., Heidenreich, T., Berger, M., & Clark, D. M. (2011). Cognitive therapy vs interpersonal psychotherapy in social anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 68(7), 692-700. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.67 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Yoshinaga, 2016",
          "ref": "Yoshinaga, N., Matsuki, S., Niitsu, T., Sato, Y., Tanaka, M., Ibuki, H., Takanashi, R., Ohshiro, K., Ohshima, F., Asano, K., Kobori, O., Yoshimura, K., Hirano, Y., Sawaguchi, K., Koshizaka, M., Hanaoka, H., Nakagawa, A., Nakazato, M., Iyo, M., & Shimizu, E. (2016). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Patients with Social Anxiety Disorder Who Remain Symptomatic following Antidepressant Treatment: A Randomized, Assessor-Blinded, Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 85(4), 208-217. https://doi.org/10.1159/000444221 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1229,
      "instr": "LSAS-sr",
      "full": "Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale - Self-Report",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 18,
      "k_es": 26,
      "sd": 22.624,
      "lo": 21.174,
      "hi": 24.173,
      "tau2": 0.0133,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 17.877,
      "phi": 28.631,
      "i2": 68.4,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Goldin, 2012",
          "ref": "Goldin, P. R., Ziv, M., Jazaieri, H., Werner, K., Kraemer, H., Heimberg, R. G., & Gross, J. J. (2012). Cognitive reappraisal self-efficacy mediates the effects of individual cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 80(6), 1034-1040. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028555 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Goldin, 2016",
          "ref": "Goldin, P. R., Morrison, A., Jazaieri, H., Brozovich, F., Heimberg, R., & Gross, J. J. (2016). Group CBT versus MBSR for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 84(5), 427-437. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000092 "
        },
        {
          "study": "He, 2021",
          "ref": "He, L., Han, W., & Shi, Z. (2021). The Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Negative Self-Representations in Social Anxiety Disorder-A Randomized Wait-List Controlled Trial. Front Psychiatry, 12, 582333. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.582333 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Iavaonia, 2016",
          "ref": "Ivanova, E., Lindner, P., Ly, K. H., Dahlin, M., Vernmark, K., Andersson, G., & Carlbring, P. (2016). Guided and unguided Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for social anxiety disorder and/or panic disorder provided via the Internet and a smartphone application: A randomized controlled trial. J Anxiety Disord, 44, 27-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.09.012 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2017",
          "ref": "Johansson, R., Hesslow, T., Ljotsson, B., Jansson, A., Jonsson, L., Fardig, S., Karlsson, J., Hesser, H., Frederick, R. J., Lilliengren, P., Carlbring, P., & Andersson, G. (2017). Internet-based affect-focused psychodynamic therapy for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial with 2-year follow-up. Psychotherapy (Chic), 54(4), 351-360. https://doi.org/10.1037/pst0000147 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kampmann, 2016",
          "ref": "Kampmann, I. L., Emmelkamp, P. M., Hartanto, D., Brinkman, W. P., Zijlstra, B. J., & Morina, N. (2016). Exposure to virtual social interactions in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 147-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.016 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2022",
          "ref": "Kim, H., Kim, B. H., Kim, M. K., Eom, H., & Kim, J. J. (2022). Alteration of resting-state functional connectivity network properties in patients with social anxiety disorder after virtual reality-based self-training [Article]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959696 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Reimer, 2015",
          "ref": "Reimer, S. G., & Moscovitch, D. A. (2015). The impact of imagery rescripting on memory appraisals and core beliefs in social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 75, 48-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2015.10.007 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Teale Sapach, 2022",
          "ref": "Teale Sapach, M. J. N., & Carleton, R. N. (2023). Self-compassion training for individuals with social anxiety disorder: a preliminary randomized controlled trial. Cogn Behav Ther, 52(1), 18-37. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2022.2130820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1230,
      "instr": "LSAS-sr",
      "full": "Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale - Self-Report",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Three-level CHE model",
      "k": 18,
      "k_es": 26,
      "sd": 22.632,
      "lo": 21.074,
      "hi": 24.306,
      "tau2": 0.0127,
      "tau2w": 0.0006,
      "plo": 17.876,
      "phi": 28.654,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Goldin, 2012",
          "ref": "Goldin, P. R., Ziv, M., Jazaieri, H., Werner, K., Kraemer, H., Heimberg, R. G., & Gross, J. J. (2012). Cognitive reappraisal self-efficacy mediates the effects of individual cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 80(6), 1034-1040. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028555 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Goldin, 2016",
          "ref": "Goldin, P. R., Morrison, A., Jazaieri, H., Brozovich, F., Heimberg, R., & Gross, J. J. (2016). Group CBT versus MBSR for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 84(5), 427-437. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000092 "
        },
        {
          "study": "He, 2021",
          "ref": "He, L., Han, W., & Shi, Z. (2021). The Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Negative Self-Representations in Social Anxiety Disorder-A Randomized Wait-List Controlled Trial. Front Psychiatry, 12, 582333. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.582333 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Iavaonia, 2016",
          "ref": "Ivanova, E., Lindner, P., Ly, K. H., Dahlin, M., Vernmark, K., Andersson, G., & Carlbring, P. (2016). Guided and unguided Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for social anxiety disorder and/or panic disorder provided via the Internet and a smartphone application: A randomized controlled trial. J Anxiety Disord, 44, 27-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.09.012 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2017",
          "ref": "Johansson, R., Hesslow, T., Ljotsson, B., Jansson, A., Jonsson, L., Fardig, S., Karlsson, J., Hesser, H., Frederick, R. J., Lilliengren, P., Carlbring, P., & Andersson, G. (2017). Internet-based affect-focused psychodynamic therapy for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial with 2-year follow-up. Psychotherapy (Chic), 54(4), 351-360. https://doi.org/10.1037/pst0000147 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kampmann, 2016",
          "ref": "Kampmann, I. L., Emmelkamp, P. M., Hartanto, D., Brinkman, W. P., Zijlstra, B. J., & Morina, N. (2016). Exposure to virtual social interactions in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 147-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.016 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2022",
          "ref": "Kim, H., Kim, B. H., Kim, M. K., Eom, H., & Kim, J. J. (2022). Alteration of resting-state functional connectivity network properties in patients with social anxiety disorder after virtual reality-based self-training [Article]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959696 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Reimer, 2015",
          "ref": "Reimer, S. G., & Moscovitch, D. A. (2015). The impact of imagery rescripting on memory appraisals and core beliefs in social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 75, 48-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2015.10.007 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Teale Sapach, 2022",
          "ref": "Teale Sapach, M. J. N., & Carleton, R. N. (2023). Self-compassion training for individuals with social anxiety disorder: a preliminary randomized controlled trial. Cogn Behav Ther, 52(1), 18-37. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2022.2130820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Goldin, 2012",
          "ref": "Goldin, P. R., Ziv, M., Jazaieri, H., Werner, K., Kraemer, H., Heimberg, R. G., & Gross, J. J. (2012). Cognitive reappraisal self-efficacy mediates the effects of individual cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 80(6), 1034-1040. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028555 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Goldin, 2016",
          "ref": "Goldin, P. R., Morrison, A., Jazaieri, H., Brozovich, F., Heimberg, R., & Gross, J. J. (2016). Group CBT versus MBSR for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 84(5), 427-437. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000092 "
        },
        {
          "study": "He, 2021",
          "ref": "He, L., Han, W., & Shi, Z. (2021). The Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Negative Self-Representations in Social Anxiety Disorder-A Randomized Wait-List Controlled Trial. Front Psychiatry, 12, 582333. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.582333 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Iavaonia, 2016",
          "ref": "Ivanova, E., Lindner, P., Ly, K. H., Dahlin, M., Vernmark, K., Andersson, G., & Carlbring, P. (2016). Guided and unguided Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for social anxiety disorder and/or panic disorder provided via the Internet and a smartphone application: A randomized controlled trial. J Anxiety Disord, 44, 27-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.09.012 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2017",
          "ref": "Johansson, R., Hesslow, T., Ljotsson, B., Jansson, A., Jonsson, L., Fardig, S., Karlsson, J., Hesser, H., Frederick, R. J., Lilliengren, P., Carlbring, P., & Andersson, G. (2017). Internet-based affect-focused psychodynamic therapy for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial with 2-year follow-up. Psychotherapy (Chic), 54(4), 351-360. https://doi.org/10.1037/pst0000147 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kampmann, 2016",
          "ref": "Kampmann, I. L., Emmelkamp, P. M., Hartanto, D., Brinkman, W. P., Zijlstra, B. J., & Morina, N. (2016). Exposure to virtual social interactions in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 147-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.016 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2022",
          "ref": "Kim, H., Kim, B. H., Kim, M. K., Eom, H., & Kim, J. J. (2022). Alteration of resting-state functional connectivity network properties in patients with social anxiety disorder after virtual reality-based self-training [Article]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959696 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Reimer, 2015",
          "ref": "Reimer, S. G., & Moscovitch, D. A. (2015). The impact of imagery rescripting on memory appraisals and core beliefs in social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 75, 48-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2015.10.007 "
        },
        {
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Goldin, 2012",
          "ref": "Goldin, P. R., Ziv, M., Jazaieri, H., Werner, K., Kraemer, H., Heimberg, R. G., & Gross, J. J. (2012). Cognitive reappraisal self-efficacy mediates the effects of individual cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 80(6), 1034-1040. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028555 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Goldin, 2016",
          "ref": "Goldin, P. R., Morrison, A., Jazaieri, H., Brozovich, F., Heimberg, R., & Gross, J. J. (2016). Group CBT versus MBSR for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 84(5), 427-437. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000092 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Iavaonia, 2016",
          "ref": "Ivanova, E., Lindner, P., Ly, K. H., Dahlin, M., Vernmark, K., Andersson, G., & Carlbring, P. (2016). Guided and unguided Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for social anxiety disorder and/or panic disorder provided via the Internet and a smartphone application: A randomized controlled trial. J Anxiety Disord, 44, 27-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.09.012 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2017",
          "ref": "Johansson, R., Hesslow, T., Ljotsson, B., Jansson, A., Jonsson, L., Fardig, S., Karlsson, J., Hesser, H., Frederick, R. J., Lilliengren, P., Carlbring, P., & Andersson, G. (2017). Internet-based affect-focused psychodynamic therapy for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial with 2-year follow-up. Psychotherapy (Chic), 54(4), 351-360. https://doi.org/10.1037/pst0000147 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kampmann, 2016",
          "ref": "Kampmann, I. L., Emmelkamp, P. M., Hartanto, D., Brinkman, W. P., Zijlstra, B. J., & Morina, N. (2016). Exposure to virtual social interactions in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 147-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.016 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2022",
          "ref": "Kim, H., Kim, B. H., Kim, M. K., Eom, H., & Kim, J. J. (2022). Alteration of resting-state functional connectivity network properties in patients with social anxiety disorder after virtual reality-based self-training [Article]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959696 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Reimer, 2015",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Teale Sapach, 2022",
          "ref": "Teale Sapach, M. J. N., & Carleton, R. N. (2023). Self-compassion training for individuals with social anxiety disorder: a preliminary randomized controlled trial. Cogn Behav Ther, 52(1), 18-37. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2022.2130820 "
        },
        {
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        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Goldin, 2012",
          "ref": "Goldin, P. R., Ziv, M., Jazaieri, H., Werner, K., Kraemer, H., Heimberg, R. G., & Gross, J. J. (2012). Cognitive reappraisal self-efficacy mediates the effects of individual cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 80(6), 1034-1040. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028555 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Goldin, 2016",
          "ref": "Goldin, P. R., Morrison, A., Jazaieri, H., Brozovich, F., Heimberg, R., & Gross, J. J. (2016). Group CBT versus MBSR for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 84(5), 427-437. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000092 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Iavaonia, 2016",
          "ref": "Ivanova, E., Lindner, P., Ly, K. H., Dahlin, M., Vernmark, K., Andersson, G., & Carlbring, P. (2016). Guided and unguided Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for social anxiety disorder and/or panic disorder provided via the Internet and a smartphone application: A randomized controlled trial. J Anxiety Disord, 44, 27-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.09.012 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2017",
          "ref": "Johansson, R., Hesslow, T., Ljotsson, B., Jansson, A., Jonsson, L., Fardig, S., Karlsson, J., Hesser, H., Frederick, R. J., Lilliengren, P., Carlbring, P., & Andersson, G. (2017). Internet-based affect-focused psychodynamic therapy for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial with 2-year follow-up. Psychotherapy (Chic), 54(4), 351-360. https://doi.org/10.1037/pst0000147 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kampmann, 2016",
          "ref": "Kampmann, I. L., Emmelkamp, P. M., Hartanto, D., Brinkman, W. P., Zijlstra, B. J., & Morina, N. (2016). Exposure to virtual social interactions in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 147-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.016 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2022",
          "ref": "Kim, H., Kim, B. H., Kim, M. K., Eom, H., & Kim, J. J. (2022). Alteration of resting-state functional connectivity network properties in patients with social anxiety disorder after virtual reality-based self-training [Article]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959696 "
        },
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          "ref": "He, L., Han, W., & Shi, Z. (2021). The Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Negative Self-Representations in Social Anxiety Disorder-A Randomized Wait-List Controlled Trial. Front Psychiatry, 12, 582333. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.582333 "
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
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          "ref": "He, L., Han, W., & Shi, Z. (2021). The Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Negative Self-Representations in Social Anxiety Disorder-A Randomized Wait-List Controlled Trial. Front Psychiatry, 12, 582333. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.582333 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Iavaonia, 2016",
          "ref": "Ivanova, E., Lindner, P., Ly, K. H., Dahlin, M., Vernmark, K., Andersson, G., & Carlbring, P. (2016). Guided and unguided Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for social anxiety disorder and/or panic disorder provided via the Internet and a smartphone application: A randomized controlled trial. J Anxiety Disord, 44, 27-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.09.012 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2017",
          "ref": "Johansson, R., Hesslow, T., Ljotsson, B., Jansson, A., Jonsson, L., Fardig, S., Karlsson, J., Hesser, H., Frederick, R. J., Lilliengren, P., Carlbring, P., & Andersson, G. (2017). Internet-based affect-focused psychodynamic therapy for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial with 2-year follow-up. Psychotherapy (Chic), 54(4), 351-360. https://doi.org/10.1037/pst0000147 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kampmann, 2016",
          "ref": "Kampmann, I. L., Emmelkamp, P. M., Hartanto, D., Brinkman, W. P., Zijlstra, B. J., & Morina, N. (2016). Exposure to virtual social interactions in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 147-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.016 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2022",
          "ref": "Kim, H., Kim, B. H., Kim, M. K., Eom, H., & Kim, J. J. (2022). Alteration of resting-state functional connectivity network properties in patients with social anxiety disorder after virtual reality-based self-training [Article]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959696 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Reimer, 2015",
          "ref": "Reimer, S. G., & Moscovitch, D. A. (2015). The impact of imagery rescripting on memory appraisals and core beliefs in social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 75, 48-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2015.10.007 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Teale Sapach, 2022",
          "ref": "Teale Sapach, M. J. N., & Carleton, R. N. (2023). Self-compassion training for individuals with social anxiety disorder: a preliminary randomized controlled trial. Cogn Behav Ther, 52(1), 18-37. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2022.2130820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1258,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Goldin, 2012",
          "ref": "Goldin, P. R., Ziv, M., Jazaieri, H., Werner, K., Kraemer, H., Heimberg, R. G., & Gross, J. J. (2012). Cognitive reappraisal self-efficacy mediates the effects of individual cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 80(6), 1034-1040. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028555 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Goldin, 2016",
          "ref": "Goldin, P. R., Morrison, A., Jazaieri, H., Brozovich, F., Heimberg, R., & Gross, J. J. (2016). Group CBT versus MBSR for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 84(5), 427-437. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000092 "
        },
        {
          "study": "He, 2021",
          "ref": "He, L., Han, W., & Shi, Z. (2021). The Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Negative Self-Representations in Social Anxiety Disorder-A Randomized Wait-List Controlled Trial. Front Psychiatry, 12, 582333. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.582333 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Iavaonia, 2016",
          "ref": "Ivanova, E., Lindner, P., Ly, K. H., Dahlin, M., Vernmark, K., Andersson, G., & Carlbring, P. (2016). Guided and unguided Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for social anxiety disorder and/or panic disorder provided via the Internet and a smartphone application: A randomized controlled trial. J Anxiety Disord, 44, 27-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.09.012 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kampmann, 2016",
          "ref": "Kampmann, I. L., Emmelkamp, P. M., Hartanto, D., Brinkman, W. P., Zijlstra, B. J., & Morina, N. (2016). Exposure to virtual social interactions in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 147-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.016 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2022",
          "ref": "Kim, H., Kim, B. H., Kim, M. K., Eom, H., & Kim, J. J. (2022). Alteration of resting-state functional connectivity network properties in patients with social anxiety disorder after virtual reality-based self-training [Article]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959696 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Reimer, 2015",
          "ref": "Reimer, S. G., & Moscovitch, D. A. (2015). The impact of imagery rescripting on memory appraisals and core beliefs in social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 75, 48-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2015.10.007 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Teale Sapach, 2022",
          "ref": "Teale Sapach, M. J. N., & Carleton, R. N. (2023). Self-compassion training for individuals with social anxiety disorder: a preliminary randomized controlled trial. Cogn Behav Ther, 52(1), 18-37. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2022.2130820 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Goldin, 2012",
          "ref": "Goldin, P. R., Ziv, M., Jazaieri, H., Werner, K., Kraemer, H., Heimberg, R. G., & Gross, J. J. (2012). Cognitive reappraisal self-efficacy mediates the effects of individual cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 80(6), 1034-1040. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028555 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Goldin, 2016",
          "ref": "Goldin, P. R., Morrison, A., Jazaieri, H., Brozovich, F., Heimberg, R., & Gross, J. J. (2016). Group CBT versus MBSR for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 84(5), 427-437. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000092 "
        },
        {
          "study": "He, 2021",
          "ref": "He, L., Han, W., & Shi, Z. (2021). The Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Negative Self-Representations in Social Anxiety Disorder-A Randomized Wait-List Controlled Trial. Front Psychiatry, 12, 582333. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.582333 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Iavaonia, 2016",
          "ref": "Ivanova, E., Lindner, P., Ly, K. H., Dahlin, M., Vernmark, K., Andersson, G., & Carlbring, P. (2016). Guided and unguided Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for social anxiety disorder and/or panic disorder provided via the Internet and a smartphone application: A randomized controlled trial. J Anxiety Disord, 44, 27-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.09.012 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2017",
          "ref": "Johansson, R., Hesslow, T., Ljotsson, B., Jansson, A., Jonsson, L., Fardig, S., Karlsson, J., Hesser, H., Frederick, R. J., Lilliengren, P., Carlbring, P., & Andersson, G. (2017). Internet-based affect-focused psychodynamic therapy for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial with 2-year follow-up. Psychotherapy (Chic), 54(4), 351-360. https://doi.org/10.1037/pst0000147 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kampmann, 2016",
          "ref": "Kampmann, I. L., Emmelkamp, P. M., Hartanto, D., Brinkman, W. P., Zijlstra, B. J., & Morina, N. (2016). Exposure to virtual social interactions in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 147-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.016 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2022",
          "ref": "Kim, H., Kim, B. H., Kim, M. K., Eom, H., & Kim, J. J. (2022). Alteration of resting-state functional connectivity network properties in patients with social anxiety disorder after virtual reality-based self-training [Article]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959696 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Reimer, 2015",
          "ref": "Reimer, S. G., & Moscovitch, D. A. (2015). The impact of imagery rescripting on memory appraisals and core beliefs in social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 75, 48-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2015.10.007 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Teale Sapach, 2022",
          "ref": "Teale Sapach, M. J. N., & Carleton, R. N. (2023). Self-compassion training for individuals with social anxiety disorder: a preliminary randomized controlled trial. Cogn Behav Ther, 52(1), 18-37. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2022.2130820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1260,
      "instr": "LSAS-sr-avoidance",
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        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahmani, 2020",
          "ref": "Rahmani, F., Abbass, A., Hemmati, A., Ghaffari, N., & Rezaei Mirghaed, S. (2020). Challenging the role of challenge in intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 76(12), 2123-2132. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22993 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ye, 2017",
          "ref": "Ye, H. (2017). Impact of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on students' social anxiety: A randomized controlled trial [Article]. NeuroQuantology, 15(4), 101-106. https://doi.org/10.14704/nq.2017.15.4.1134 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1261,
      "instr": "LSAS-sr-avoidance",
      "full": "Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale - Self-Report (Avoidance subscale)",
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        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Rahmani, 2020",
          "ref": "Rahmani, F., Abbass, A., Hemmati, A., Ghaffari, N., & Rezaei Mirghaed, S. (2020). Challenging the role of challenge in intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 76(12), 2123-2132. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22993 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ye, 2017",
          "ref": "Ye, H. (2017). Impact of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on students' social anxiety: A randomized controlled trial [Article]. NeuroQuantology, 15(4), 101-106. https://doi.org/10.14704/nq.2017.15.4.1134 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1262,
      "instr": "LSAS-sr-avoidance",
      "full": "Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale - Self-Report (Avoidance subscale)",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahmani, 2020",
          "ref": "Rahmani, F., Abbass, A., Hemmati, A., Ghaffari, N., & Rezaei Mirghaed, S. (2020). Challenging the role of challenge in intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 76(12), 2123-2132. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22993 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ye, 2017",
          "ref": "Ye, H. (2017). Impact of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on students' social anxiety: A randomized controlled trial [Article]. NeuroQuantology, 15(4), 101-106. https://doi.org/10.14704/nq.2017.15.4.1134 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1263,
      "instr": "LSAS-sr-avoidance",
      "full": "Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale - Self-Report (Avoidance subscale)",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
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        {
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          "ref": "Rahmani, F., Abbass, A., Hemmati, A., Ghaffari, N., & Rezaei Mirghaed, S. (2020). Challenging the role of challenge in intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 76(12), 2123-2132. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22993 "
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        {
          "study": "Ye, 2017",
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      ]
    },
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        {
          "study": "Rahmani, 2020",
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      ]
    },
    {
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        {
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      ]
    },
    {
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        {
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "LSAS-sr-avoidance",
      "full": "Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale - Self-Report (Avoidance subscale)",
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        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Rahmani, 2020",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Ye, 2017",
          "ref": "Ye, H. (2017). Impact of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on students' social anxiety: A randomized controlled trial [Article]. NeuroQuantology, 15(4), 101-106. https://doi.org/10.14704/nq.2017.15.4.1134 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "LSAS-sr-avoidance",
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      "refs": [
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Rahmani, 2020",
          "ref": "Rahmani, F., Abbass, A., Hemmati, A., Ghaffari, N., & Rezaei Mirghaed, S. (2020). Challenging the role of challenge in intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 76(12), 2123-2132. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22993 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ye, 2017",
          "ref": "Ye, H. (2017). Impact of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on students' social anxiety: A randomized controlled trial [Article]. NeuroQuantology, 15(4), 101-106. https://doi.org/10.14704/nq.2017.15.4.1134 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1269,
      "instr": "LSAS-sr-avoidance",
      "full": "Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale - Self-Report (Avoidance subscale)",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahmani, 2020",
          "ref": "Rahmani, F., Abbass, A., Hemmati, A., Ghaffari, N., & Rezaei Mirghaed, S. (2020). Challenging the role of challenge in intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 76(12), 2123-2132. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22993 "
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        {
          "study": "Ye, 2017",
          "ref": "Ye, H. (2017). Impact of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on students' social anxiety: A randomized controlled trial [Article]. NeuroQuantology, 15(4), 101-106. https://doi.org/10.14704/nq.2017.15.4.1134 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1270,
      "instr": "MADRS",
      "full": "Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale",
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      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Hallgren, 2015",
          "ref": "Hallgren M, Kraepelien M, Öjehagen A, Lindefors N, Zeebari Z, Kaldo V, et al. Physical exercise and internet-based cognitive-behavioural therapy in the treatment of depression: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2015;207(3):227-34."
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        {
          "study": "Prendergast, 2001",
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        {
          "study": "Wiechers, 2023",
          "ref": "Wiechers M, Strupf M, Bajbouj M, Böge K, Karnouk C, Goerigk S, et al. Empowerment group therapy for refugees with affective disorders: results of a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Eur Psychiatry. 2023;66(1):e64."
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        {
          "study": "van Schaik, 2006",
          "ref": "van Schaik A, van Marwijk H, Adèr H, van Dyck R, de Haan M, Penninx B, et al. Interpersonal psychotherapy for elderly patients in primary care. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2006;14(9):777-86."
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      ]
    },
    {
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        {
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          "ref": "van Schaik A, van Marwijk H, Adèr H, van Dyck R, de Haan M, Penninx B, et al. Interpersonal psychotherapy for elderly patients in primary care. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2006;14(9):777-86."
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      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "MADRS",
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        {
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        }
      ]
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    {
      "id": 1273,
      "instr": "MADRS",
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          "ref": "Safren SA, Gonzalez JS, Wexler DJ, Psaros C, Delahanty LM, Blashill AJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for adherence and depression (CBT-AD) in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care. 2014;37(3):625-33."
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        {
          "study": "van Schaik, 2006",
          "ref": "van Schaik A, van Marwijk H, Adèr H, van Dyck R, de Haan M, Penninx B, et al. Interpersonal psychotherapy for elderly patients in primary care. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2006;14(9):777-86."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1274,
      "instr": "MADRS",
      "full": "Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale",
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        {
          "study": "Prendergast, 2001",
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        {
          "study": "Ross, 1985",
          "ref": "Ross M, Scott M. An evaluation of the effectiveness of individual and group cognitive therapy in the treatment of depressed patients in an inner city health centre. The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners. 1985;35(274):239-42."
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          "study": "Safren, 2014",
          "ref": "Safren SA, Gonzalez JS, Wexler DJ, Psaros C, Delahanty LM, Blashill AJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for adherence and depression (CBT-AD) in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care. 2014;37(3):625-33."
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        {
          "study": "Safren, 2016",
          "ref": "Safren SA, Bedoya CA, O'Cleirigh C, Biello KB, Pinkston MM, Stein MD, et al. Cognitive behavioural therapy for adherence and depression in patients with HIV: A three-arm randomised controlled trial. The Lancet HIV. 2016;3(11):e529-e38."
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        {
          "study": "Kall, 2025",
          "ref": "Käll A, Bäck M, Fahlroth O, Ekeflod E, Lundberg A, Viberg N, et al. Internet-based therapist-supported interpersonal psychotherapy for depression: A randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord. 2025;369:188-94."
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        {
          "study": "Nezu, 1986",
          "ref": "Nezu AM. Efficacy of a social problem-solving therapy approach for unipolar depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1986;54(2):196-202."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rehm, 1981",
          "ref": "Rehm LP, Kornblith SJ, O'Hara MW, Lamparski DM, Romano JM, Volkin JI. An evaluation of major components in a self-control therapy program for depression. Behavior modification. 1981;5(4):459-89."
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      "sgv": "Not low risk of bias",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
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      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Barrett,2004",
          "ref": "Barrett, P., Healy-Farrell, L., & March, J. S. (2004). Cognitive-behavioral family treatment of childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 43(1), 46-62."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fals-Stewart and Schafer,1992",
          "ref": "Fals-Stewart, W., & Schafer, J. (1992). The treatment of substance abusers diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder: an outcome study. J Subst Abuse Treat, 9(4), 365-370."
        },
        {
          "study": "Foa,2005",
          "ref": "Foa, E. B., Liebowitz, M. R., Kozak, M. J., Davies, S., Campeas, R., Franklin, M. E., . . . Tu, X. (2005). Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of exposure and ritual prevention, clomipramine, and their combination in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 162(1), 151-161."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "full": "Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
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        },
        {
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        }
      ]
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        {
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        {
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        }
      ]
    },
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        {
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wallsten, 2023",
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        },
        {
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          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wallsten, 2023",
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        }
      ]
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      "refs": [
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        },
        {
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        {
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        }
      ]
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wallsten, 2023",
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "full": "Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale",
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      "refs": [
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        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
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        {
          "study": "Wallsten, 2023",
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        }
      ]
    },
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      "refs": [
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        {
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        },
        {
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        }
      ]
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        {
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      ]
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      "refs": [
        {
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        {
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        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
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    },
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      "refs": [
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          "study": "Pachankis, 2020",
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        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wallsten, 2023",
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        }
      ]
    },
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      "id": 1361,
      "instr": "OASIS",
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        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wallsten, 2023",
          "ref": "Wallsten, D., A. Norell, M. Anniko, O. Eriksson, V. Lamourín, I. Halldin, T. Kindbom, H. Hesser, E. Watkins and M. Tillfors (2023). \"Treatment of worry and comorbid symptoms within depression, anxiety, and insomnia with a group-based rumination-focused cognitive-behaviour therapy in a primary health care setting: a randomised controlled trial.\" Frontiers in psychology 14: 1196945."
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      ]
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Naeem,2016",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "d'Amato,2011",
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        },
        {
          "study": "van Duin,2021",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "PANSS-negative",
      "full": "Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Negative subscale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Three-level CHE model",
      "k": 114,
      "k_es": 137,
      "sd": 4.757,
      "lo": 4.354,
      "hi": 5.198,
      "tau2": 0.2147,
      "tau2w": 0.0033,
      "plo": 1.897,
      "phi": 11.929,
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      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "d'Amato,2011",
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        },
        {
          "study": "van Duin,2021",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
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        }
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      "full": "Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Negative subscale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
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      "model": "Fixed-effect",
      "k": 114,
      "k_es": 137,
      "sd": 4.728,
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Zalzala,2022",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "d'Amato,2011",
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        },
        {
          "study": "van Duin,2021",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
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        }
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    {
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      "instr": "PANSS-negative",
      "full": "Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Negative subscale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Outliers removed (sensitivity)",
      "k": 78,
      "k_es": 86,
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      "lo": 4.72,
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      "tau2": 0.0118,
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      "refs": [
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        }
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
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        }
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      "sg": "Age group",
      "sgv": "Adults",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 96,
      "k_es": 112,
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wykes,2007",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Yanos,2019",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zalzala,2022",
          "ref": "Zalzala, A., Fiszdon, J. M., Moritz, S., Wardwell, P., Petrik, T., Mathews, L., Shagan, D., Bracken, D., Bell, M. D., Pearlson, G. D., & Choi, J. (2022). Metacognitive Training to Improve Insight and Work Outcome in Schizophrenia. J Nerv Ment Dis, 210(9), 655-658. https://doi.org/doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000001512 "
        },
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          "study": "Zhu,2020",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Zhu,2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "d'Amato,2011",
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        }
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      "refs": [
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        },
        {
          "study": "Ho-wai So,2021",
          "ref": "Hui, C. L. M., Wong, C. C. L., Lui, E. C. Y., Chiu, T. C., Tao, T. J., Chan, E. W. T., Lin, J., Tong, A. C. Y., Suen, Y. N., Chan, C. W. H., Yeung, W. S., Lee, E. H. M., Chan, S. K. W., Chang, W. C., & Chen, E. Y. H. (2024). Effects of mindfulness-based intervention in preventing relapse in patients with remitted psychosis: a randomized controlled trial. Schizophr., 10(1). https://doi.org/doi:10.1038/s41537-024-00539-0 LK - http://vu.on.worldcat.org/atoztitles/link?sid=EMBASE&issn=27546993&id=doi:10.1038%2Fs41537-024-00539-0&atitle=Effects+of+mindfulness-based+intervention+in+preventing+relapse+in+patients+with+remitted+psychosis%3A+a+randomized+controlled+trial&stitle=Schizophr.&title=Schizophrenia&volume=10&issue=1&spage=&epage=&aulast=Hui&aufirst=Christy+Lai+Ming&auinit=C.L.M.&aufull=Hui+C.L.M.&coden=&isbn=&pages=-&date=2024&auinit1=C&auinitm=L.M."
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Tas,2012",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Valencia,2007",
          "ref": "Valencia M, Juarez F, Ortega H. Integrated treatment to achieve functional recovery for first- episode psychosis. Schizophr Res Treat, 2012; Article ID 962371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Valencia,2010",
          "ref": "Valmaggia L R, van der Gaag M, Tarrier N, Pijnenborg M, Sloof C J. Cognitive-behavioural therapy for refractory psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia resistant to atypical antipsychotic medication. Br J Psych, 2005; 186, 324–330."
        },
        {
          "study": "Valencia,2012",
          "ref": "Veltro, F., Mazza, M., Vendittelli, N., Alberti, M., Casacchia, M., & Roncone, R. (2011). A comparison of the effectiveness of problem solving training and of cognitive-emotional rehabilitation on neurocognition, social cognition and social functioning in people with schizophrenia. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health: CP & EMH, 7, 123. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Valmaggia,2005",
          "ref": "Vita 2011b: Vita A, Peri L De, Barlati S, Cacciani P, Cisima M, Deste G, et al. Psychopathologic , neuropsychological and functional outcome measures during cognitive rehabilitation in schizophrenia : A prospective controlled study in a real-world setting. Eur Psychiatry. 2011;26:276–83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Veltro,2011",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vita,2011b",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang,2016",
          "ref": "White, R., Gumley, A., McTaggart, J., Rattrie, L., McConville, D., Cleare, S., & Mitchell, G. (2011). A feasibility study of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for emotional dysfunction following psychosis. Behaviour research and therapy, 49(12), 901-907."
        },
        {
          "study": "White,2011",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wykes,2007",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Xue,2024",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Yanos,2019",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zalzala,2022",
          "ref": "Zalzala, A., Fiszdon, J. M., Moritz, S., Wardwell, P., Petrik, T., Mathews, L., Shagan, D., Bracken, D., Bell, M. D., Pearlson, G. D., & Choi, J. (2022). Metacognitive Training to Improve Insight and Work Outcome in Schizophrenia. J Nerv Ment Dis, 210(9), 655-658. https://doi.org/doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000001512 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhu,2020",
          "ref": "Zhu, X., Song, H., Chang, R., Chen, B., Song, Y., Liu, J., & Wang, K. (2021). Combining compensatory cognitive training and medication self-management skills training, in inpatients with schizophrenia: A three-arm parallel, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 69, 94-103. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.12.012 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhu,2021",
          "ref": "MA, Z., L, S., A, A., A, S., S, A., HE, E.-G., & AH, E.-M. (2024). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Psychotic Severity Among Inpatients With Primary Psychoses: A Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of mental health nursing, 33(6), 2239-2256. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/inm.13388"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zoromba,2024",
          "ref": "Özer, D., & Dişsiz, M. (2024). The effect of online group based acceptance and commitment therapy on psychotic symptoms and functioning levels of individuals with early psychosis. Schizophrenia Research, 267, 55-64. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2024.03.018"
        },
        {
          "study": "d'Amato,2011",
          "ref": "Dellazizzo, L., Potvin, S., Phraxayavong, K., & Dumais, A. (2021). One-year randomized trial comparing virtual reality-assisted therapy to cognitive–behavioral therapy for patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. npj Schizophrenia, 7(1). https://doi.org/doi:10.1038/s41537-021-00139-2 "
        },
        {
          "study": "van Duin,2021",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
          "ref": "Penn DL, Uzenoff SR, Perkins D, Mueser KT, Hamer R, Waldheter E, et al. A pilot investigation of the Graduated Recovery Intervention Program (GRIP) for first episode psychosis. Schizophr Res [Internet]. Elsevier B.V.; 2011;125(2–3):247–56. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2010.08.006"
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        {
          "study": "Acuña,2022",
          "ref": "Acuña, V., Otto, A., Cavieres, A., & Villalobos, H. (2022). Efficacy of Metacognitive Training in a Chilean Sample of People with Schizophrenia. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria, 51(4), 301-308. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.rcp.2020.12.006 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2017",
          "ref": "Chien, W. T., Bressington, D., Yip, A., & Karatzias, T. (2017). An international multi-site, randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation group programme for people with schizophrenia. Psychol Med, 47(12), 2081-2096. https://doi.org/doi:10.1017/s0033291717000526 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2019",
          "ref": "Chien, W. T., Cheng, H. Y., McMaster, T. W., Yip, A. L. K., & Wong, J. C. L. (2019). Effectiveness of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation group programme for early-stage schizophrenia: An 18-month randomised controlled trial. Schizophr Res, 212, 140-149. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2019.07.053 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Gharaeipour,2012",
          "ref": "GilSanz DG, Lorenzo MD, Seco RB, Rodriguez MA, Martinez IL, Calleja RS, et al. Efficacy of a social cognition training program for schizophrenic patients : A Pilot Study. Span J Psychol. 2009;12(1):184–91."
        },
        {
          "study": "González-Ortega,2021",
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Luo,2019",
          "ref": "Marlow, S., Laugharne, R., Allard, J., Bassett, P., Priebe, S., Ledger, J., Kerr, J., Priest, D., Vanhoorn, A., Bol, , C., & Shankar, R. (2024). A pragmatic randomized controlled exploratory trial of the effectiveness of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing therapy for psychotic disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 169, 257-263. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.11.024"
        },
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          "study": "Morrison,2018",
          "ref": "Morrison, A. P., Law, H., Carter, L., Sellers, R., Emsley, R., Pyle, M., French, P., Shiers, D., Yung, A. R., Murphy, E. K., Holden, N., Steele, A., Bowe, S. E., Palmier-Claus, J., Brooks, V., Byrne, R., Davies, L., & Haddad, P. M. (2018). Antipsychotic drugs versus cognitive behavioural therapy versus a combination of both in people with psychosis: a randomised controlled pilot and feasibility study. Lancet Psychiatry, 5(5), 411-423. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(18)30096-8 "
        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Valencia,2007",
          "ref": "Valencia M, Juarez F, Ortega H. Integrated treatment to achieve functional recovery for first- episode psychosis. Schizophr Res Treat, 2012; Article ID 962371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Valencia,2010",
          "ref": "Valmaggia L R, van der Gaag M, Tarrier N, Pijnenborg M, Sloof C J. Cognitive-behavioural therapy for refractory psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia resistant to atypical antipsychotic medication. Br J Psych, 2005; 186, 324–330."
        },
        {
          "study": "Valencia,2012",
          "ref": "Veltro, F., Mazza, M., Vendittelli, N., Alberti, M., Casacchia, M., & Roncone, R. (2011). A comparison of the effectiveness of problem solving training and of cognitive-emotional rehabilitation on neurocognition, social cognition and social functioning in people with schizophrenia. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health: CP & EMH, 7, 123. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang,2016",
          "ref": "White, R., Gumley, A., McTaggart, J., Rattrie, L., McConville, D., Cleare, S., & Mitchell, G. (2011). A feasibility study of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for emotional dysfunction following psychosis. Behaviour research and therapy, 49(12), 901-907."
        },
        {
          "study": "van Duin,2021",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
          "ref": "Penn DL, Uzenoff SR, Perkins D, Mueser KT, Hamer R, Waldheter E, et al. A pilot investigation of the Graduated Recovery Intervention Program (GRIP) for first episode psychosis. Schizophr Res [Internet]. Elsevier B.V.; 2011;125(2–3):247–56. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2010.08.006"
        }
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Acuña,2022",
          "ref": "Acuña, V., Otto, A., Cavieres, A., & Villalobos, H. (2022). Efficacy of Metacognitive Training in a Chilean Sample of People with Schizophrenia. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria, 51(4), 301-308. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.rcp.2020.12.006 "
        },
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          "study": "Andreou,2017",
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          "study": "Choi,2018",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wykes,2007",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Xue,2024",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Yanos,2019",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Zalzala,2022",
          "ref": "Zalzala, A., Fiszdon, J. M., Moritz, S., Wardwell, P., Petrik, T., Mathews, L., Shagan, D., Bracken, D., Bell, M. D., Pearlson, G. D., & Choi, J. (2022). Metacognitive Training to Improve Insight and Work Outcome in Schizophrenia. J Nerv Ment Dis, 210(9), 655-658. https://doi.org/doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000001512 "
        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Zhu,2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Zoromba,2024",
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        },
        {
          "study": "d'Amato,2011",
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        },
        {
          "study": "van Duin,2021",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
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      "sg": "Control condition",
      "sgv": "Care as usual",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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        }
      ]
    },
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      "full": "Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Negative subscale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Control condition",
      "sgv": "Care as usual",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 114,
      "k_es": 137,
      "sd": 4.757,
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "van Duin,2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
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        }
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      "full": "Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Negative subscale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Control condition",
      "sgv": "Other",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 44,
      "k_es": 50,
      "sd": 5.026,
      "lo": 4.437,
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      "i2": 96.1,
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Zalzala,2022",
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        },
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        },
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        }
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      "full": "Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Negative subscale",
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      "sg": "Control condition",
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      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Tas,2012",
          "ref": "Valencia M, Rascon ML, Juarez F, Murow E. A psychosocial skills training approach in Mexican out-patients with schizophrenia. Psychol Med. 2007;37:1393–402."
        },
        {
          "study": "Twamley,2012",
          "ref": "Valencia M, Rascon M L, Juarez F, Escamilla R, Saracco R, Liberman R P. Application in Mexico of psychosocial rehabilitation with schizophrenia patients. Psychiatry. 2010; 73(3): 248–263."
        },
        {
          "study": "Valencia,2007",
          "ref": "Valencia M, Juarez F, Ortega H. Integrated treatment to achieve functional recovery for first- episode psychosis. Schizophr Res Treat, 2012; Article ID 962371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Valencia,2010",
          "ref": "Valmaggia L R, van der Gaag M, Tarrier N, Pijnenborg M, Sloof C J. Cognitive-behavioural therapy for refractory psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia resistant to atypical antipsychotic medication. Br J Psych, 2005; 186, 324–330."
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          "study": "Valencia,2012",
          "ref": "Veltro, F., Mazza, M., Vendittelli, N., Alberti, M., Casacchia, M., & Roncone, R. (2011). A comparison of the effectiveness of problem solving training and of cognitive-emotional rehabilitation on neurocognition, social cognition and social functioning in people with schizophrenia. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health: CP & EMH, 7, 123. "
        },
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          "study": "Valmaggia,2005",
          "ref": "Vita 2011b: Vita A, Peri L De, Barlati S, Cacciani P, Cisima M, Deste G, et al. Psychopathologic , neuropsychological and functional outcome measures during cognitive rehabilitation in schizophrenia : A prospective controlled study in a real-world setting. Eur Psychiatry. 2011;26:276–83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Veltro,2011",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vita,2011b",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang,2016",
          "ref": "White, R., Gumley, A., McTaggart, J., Rattrie, L., McConville, D., Cleare, S., & Mitchell, G. (2011). A feasibility study of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for emotional dysfunction following psychosis. Behaviour research and therapy, 49(12), 901-907."
        },
        {
          "study": "White,2011",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wykes,2007",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Xue,2024",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Yanos,2019",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
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        {
          "study": "Zalzala,2022",
          "ref": "Zalzala, A., Fiszdon, J. M., Moritz, S., Wardwell, P., Petrik, T., Mathews, L., Shagan, D., Bracken, D., Bell, M. D., Pearlson, G. D., & Choi, J. (2022). Metacognitive Training to Improve Insight and Work Outcome in Schizophrenia. J Nerv Ment Dis, 210(9), 655-658. https://doi.org/doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000001512 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhu,2020",
          "ref": "Zhu, X., Song, H., Chang, R., Chen, B., Song, Y., Liu, J., & Wang, K. (2021). Combining compensatory cognitive training and medication self-management skills training, in inpatients with schizophrenia: A three-arm parallel, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 69, 94-103. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.12.012 "
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          "ref": "MA, Z., L, S., A, A., A, S., S, A., HE, E.-G., & AH, E.-M. (2024). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Psychotic Severity Among Inpatients With Primary Psychoses: A Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of mental health nursing, 33(6), 2239-2256. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/inm.13388"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zoromba,2024",
          "ref": "Özer, D., & Dişsiz, M. (2024). The effect of online group based acceptance and commitment therapy on psychotic symptoms and functioning levels of individuals with early psychosis. Schizophrenia Research, 267, 55-64. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2024.03.018"
        },
        {
          "study": "d'Amato,2011",
          "ref": "Dellazizzo, L., Potvin, S., Phraxayavong, K., & Dumais, A. (2021). One-year randomized trial comparing virtual reality-assisted therapy to cognitive–behavioral therapy for patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. npj Schizophrenia, 7(1). https://doi.org/doi:10.1038/s41537-021-00139-2 "
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          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
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          "ref": "Penn DL, Uzenoff SR, Perkins D, Mueser KT, Hamer R, Waldheter E, et al. A pilot investigation of the Graduated Recovery Intervention Program (GRIP) for first episode psychosis. Schizophr Res [Internet]. Elsevier B.V.; 2011;125(2–3):247–56. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2010.08.006"
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        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Choi,2018",
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Hatami,2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Ho-wai So,2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Hui,2024",
          "ref": "Husain, M. O., Chaudhry, I. B., Mehmood, N., Rehman, R. U., Kazmi, A., Hamirani, M., Kiran, T., Bukhsh, A., Bassett, P., Husain, M. I., Naeem, F., & Husain, N. (2017). Pilot randomised controlled trial of culturally adapted cognitive behavior therapy for psychosis (CaCBTp) in Pakistan. BMC Health Serv Res, 17(1), 808. https://doi.org/doi:10.1186/s12913-017-2740-z "
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Kim,2010",
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        },
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          "study": "Kumar,2010",
          "ref": "Lahera, G., Reboreda, A., Vallespí, A., Vidal, C., López, V., Aznar, A., Fernández, P., Escolar, M., Martínez-Alés, G., Rodriguez-Jimenez, R., Halverson, T., Frommann, N., Wölwer, W., & Penn, D. L. (2021). Social Cognition and Interaction Training (SCIT) versus Training in Affect Recognition (TAR) in patients with schizophrenia: A randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res, 142, 101-109. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.07.029 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee,2013CR",
          "ref": "Lee, K. H. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness in patients with schizophrenia(✰). Psychiatry Res, 275, 137-142. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.02.079 "
        },
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          "study": "Lee,2019",
          "ref": "Lee, B. M., Kim, S. W., Lee, B. J., Won, S. H., Park, Y. H., Kang, C. Y., Li, L., Rami, F. Z., & Chung, Y. C. (2023). Effects and safety of virtual reality-based mindfulness in patients with psychosis: a randomized controlled pilot study. Schizophrenia, 9(1). https://doi.org/doi:10.1038/s41537-023-00391-8"
        },
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          "study": "Lee,2023",
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          "study": "Li,2015",
          "ref": "Li, J., Huang, Y. G., Ran, M. S., Fan, Y., Chen, W., Evans-Lacko, S., & Thornicroft, G. (2018). Community-based comprehensive intervention for people with schizophrenia in Guangzhou, China: Effects on clinical symptoms, social functioning, internalized stigma and discrimination. Asian J Psychiatr, 34, 21-30. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2018.04.017 "
        },
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          "study": "Li,2018",
          "ref": "Li, J., Huang, Y. G., Ran, M. S., Fan, Y., Chen, W., Evans-Lacko, S., & Thornicroft, G. (2018). Community-based comprehensive intervention for people with schizophrenia in Guangzhou, China: Effects on clinical symptoms, social functioning, internalized stigma and discrimination. Asian J Psychiatr, 34, 21-30. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2018.04.017 "
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Luo,2019",
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        },
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          "study": "Naeem,2015",
          "ref": "Naeem F, Johal R, Mckenna C, Rathod S, Ayub M, Lecomte T, et al. Cognitive behavior therapy for psychosis based Guided Self-help (CBTp-GSH) delivered by frontline mental health professionals : Results of a feasibility study. Schizophr Res [Internet]. Elsevier B.V.; 2016;173(1–2):69–74. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2016.03.006"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Shi, J. Y., Cao, Y. M., Luo, H. Y., Liu, S., Yang, F. M., & Wang, Z. H. (2023). Effect of a group-based acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) intervention on self-esteem and psychological flexibility in patients with schizophrenia in remission. Schizophr Res, 255, 213-221. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2023.03.042"
        },
        {
          "study": "Shen,2023",
          "ref": "So, S. H.-w., Hoi-kei Chan, G., Kit-wa Wong, C., Wing-ka Ching, E., Sze-wai Lee, S., Chi-Wing Wong, B., Zhu, C., Sun, X., Kin-hei Chung, L., Hung, A. Y., Oi-yin Wong, J., Sau-man Chan, S., & ra. (2021). A randomised controlled trial of metacognitive training for psychosis, depression, and belief flexibility. Journal of Affective Disorders, 279, 388-397. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.126 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Shi,2023",
          "ref": "Steel, C., Hardy, A., Smith, B., Wykes, T., Rose, S., Enright, S., ... & Mueser, K. T. (2017). Cognitive–behaviour therapy for post-traumatic stress in schizophrenia. A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine, 47(1), 43-51."
        },
        {
          "study": "So,2021",
          "ref": "Steel, C., Korrelboom, K., Fazil Baksh, M., Kingdon, D., Simon, J., Wykes, T., Phiri, P., & van der Gaag, M. (2020). Positive memory training for the treatment of depression in schizophrenia: A randomised controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 135, 103734. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.brat.2020.103734 "
        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Tas,2012",
          "ref": "Valencia M, Rascon ML, Juarez F, Murow E. A psychosocial skills training approach in Mexican out-patients with schizophrenia. Psychol Med. 2007;37:1393–402."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang,2016",
          "ref": "White, R., Gumley, A., McTaggart, J., Rattrie, L., McConville, D., Cleare, S., & Mitchell, G. (2011). A feasibility study of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for emotional dysfunction following psychosis. Behaviour research and therapy, 49(12), 901-907."
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        {
          "study": "Xue,2024",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhu,2020",
          "ref": "Zhu, X., Song, H., Chang, R., Chen, B., Song, Y., Liu, J., & Wang, K. (2021). Combining compensatory cognitive training and medication self-management skills training, in inpatients with schizophrenia: A three-arm parallel, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 69, 94-103. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.12.012 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhu,2021",
          "ref": "MA, Z., L, S., A, A., A, S., S, A., HE, E.-G., & AH, E.-M. (2024). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Psychotic Severity Among Inpatients With Primary Psychoses: A Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of mental health nursing, 33(6), 2239-2256. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/inm.13388"
        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
          "ref": "Penn DL, Uzenoff SR, Perkins D, Mueser KT, Hamer R, Waldheter E, et al. A pilot investigation of the Graduated Recovery Intervention Program (GRIP) for first episode psychosis. Schizophr Res [Internet]. Elsevier B.V.; 2011;125(2–3):247–56. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2010.08.006"
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        {
          "study": "Acuña,2022",
          "ref": "Acuña, V., Otto, A., Cavieres, A., & Villalobos, H. (2022). Efficacy of Metacognitive Training in a Chilean Sample of People with Schizophrenia. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria, 51(4), 301-308. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.rcp.2020.12.006 "
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Naeem,2016",
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Zalzala,2022",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "d'Amato,2011",
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        },
        {
          "study": "van Duin,2021",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
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        }
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      "full": "Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Negative subscale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "Europe",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 46,
      "k_es": 51,
      "sd": 5.279,
      "lo": 4.874,
      "hi": 5.718,
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      "refs": [
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        },
        {
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          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wykes,2007",
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        },
        {
          "study": "d'Amato,2011",
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        },
        {
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        }
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      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "van Duin,2021",
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        },
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        {
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        },
        {
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          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zalzala,2022",
          "ref": "Zalzala, A., Fiszdon, J. M., Moritz, S., Wardwell, P., Petrik, T., Mathews, L., Shagan, D., Bracken, D., Bell, M. D., Pearlson, G. D., & Choi, J. (2022). Metacognitive Training to Improve Insight and Work Outcome in Schizophrenia. J Nerv Ment Dis, 210(9), 655-658. https://doi.org/doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000001512 "
        }
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Wykes,2007",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Zhu,2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Zoromba,2024",
          "ref": "Özer, D., & Dişsiz, M. (2024). The effect of online group based acceptance and commitment therapy on psychotic symptoms and functioning levels of individuals with early psychosis. Schizophrenia Research, 267, 55-64. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2024.03.018"
        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "van Duin,2021",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
          "ref": "Penn DL, Uzenoff SR, Perkins D, Mueser KT, Hamer R, Waldheter E, et al. A pilot investigation of the Graduated Recovery Intervention Program (GRIP) for first episode psychosis. Schizophr Res [Internet]. Elsevier B.V.; 2011;125(2–3):247–56. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2010.08.006"
        }
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    },
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Acuña,2022",
          "ref": "Acuña, V., Otto, A., Cavieres, A., & Villalobos, H. (2022). Efficacy of Metacognitive Training in a Chilean Sample of People with Schizophrenia. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria, 51(4), 301-308. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.rcp.2020.12.006 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Balzan,2019",
          "ref": "Balzan, R. P., Mattiske, J. K., Delfabbro, P., Liu, D., & Galletly, C. (2019). Individualized Metacognitive Training (MCT+) Reduces Delusional Symptoms in Psychosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Schizophr Bull, 45(1), 27-36. https://doi.org/doi:10.1093/schbul/sby152 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Gohar,2013",
          "ref": "González-Ortega, I., Vega, P., Echeburúa, E., Alberich, S., Fernández-Sevillano, J., Barbeito, S., Balanzá-Martínez, V., Vieta, E., Lorente-Rovira, E., Luengo, A., Cerrillo, E., Crespo, J. M., Matute, C., & González-Pinto, A. (2021). A Multicentre, Randomised, Controlled Trial of a Combined Clinical Treatment for First-Episode Psychosis. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(14). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/ijerph18147239 "
        },
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          "study": "Rami,2018",
          "ref": "Reeder, C., Huddy, V., Cella, M., Taylor, R., Greenwood, K., au, S., & Wykes, T. (2017). A new generation computerised metacognitive cognitive remediation programme for schizophrenia (CIRCuiTS): a randomised controlled trial. Psychological Medicine, 47(15), 2720-2730. https://doi.org/doi:10.1017/S0033291717001234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Shawyer,2017",
          "ref": "Shen, H., Zhang, L., Li, Y., Zheng, D., Du, L., Xu, F., Xu, C., Liu, Y., Shen, J., Li, Z., & Cui, D. (2023). Mindfulness-based intervention improves residual negative symptoms and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: a randomized controlled follow-up study. Psychol Med, 53(4), 1390-1399. https://doi.org/doi:10.1017/s0033291721002944 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Valencia,2007",
          "ref": "Valencia M, Juarez F, Ortega H. Integrated treatment to achieve functional recovery for first- episode psychosis. Schizophr Res Treat, 2012; Article ID 962371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Valencia,2010",
          "ref": "Valmaggia L R, van der Gaag M, Tarrier N, Pijnenborg M, Sloof C J. Cognitive-behavioural therapy for refractory psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia resistant to atypical antipsychotic medication. Br J Psych, 2005; 186, 324–330."
        },
        {
          "study": "Valencia,2012",
          "ref": "Veltro, F., Mazza, M., Vendittelli, N., Alberti, M., Casacchia, M., & Roncone, R. (2011). A comparison of the effectiveness of problem solving training and of cognitive-emotional rehabilitation on neurocognition, social cognition and social functioning in people with schizophrenia. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health: CP & EMH, 7, 123. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zoromba,2024",
          "ref": "Özer, D., & Dişsiz, M. (2024). The effect of online group based acceptance and commitment therapy on psychotic symptoms and functioning levels of individuals with early psychosis. Schizophrenia Research, 267, 55-64. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2024.03.018"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Acuña,2022",
          "ref": "Acuña, V., Otto, A., Cavieres, A., & Villalobos, H. (2022). Efficacy of Metacognitive Training in a Chilean Sample of People with Schizophrenia. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria, 51(4), 301-308. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.rcp.2020.12.006 "
        },
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          "study": "Andreou,2017",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Balzan,2019",
          "ref": "Balzan, R. P., Mattiske, J. K., Delfabbro, P., Liu, D., & Galletly, C. (2019). Individualized Metacognitive Training (MCT+) Reduces Delusional Symptoms in Psychosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Schizophr Bull, 45(1), 27-36. https://doi.org/doi:10.1093/schbul/sby152 "
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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        }
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        }
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      "sg": "Format",
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      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
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      "k_es": 137,
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
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        {
          "study": "Bark,2003",
          "ref": "Bark N, Revheim N, Huq F, Khalderov V, Watras Z, Medalia A. The impact of cognitive remediation on psychiatric symptoms of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2003;63:229–35."
        },
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          "study": "Byrne,2013",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Fernandez-Gonzalo,2015",
          "ref": "Fiszdon JM, Choi KH, Bell MD, Choi J, Silverstein SM. Cognitive remediation for individuals with psychosis : efficacy and mechanisms of treatment effects. Psychol Med. 2016;46:3275– 89."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatami,2021",
          "ref": "Ho-wai So, S., Hoi-kei Chan, G., Kit-wa Wong, C., Wing-ka Ching, E., Sze-wai Lee, S., Chi-Wing Wong, B., Zhu, C., Sun, X., Kin-hei Chung, L., Hung, A. Y., Oi-yin Wong, J., & Sau-man Chan, S. (2021). A randomised controlled trial of metacognitive training for psychosis, depression, and belief flexibility. Journal of Affective Disorders, 279, 388-397. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.126 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee,2013CR",
          "ref": "Lee, K. H. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness in patients with schizophrenia(✰). Psychiatry Res, 275, 137-142. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.02.079 "
        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Reeder,2017",
          "ref": "Rodríguez Pulido, F., Caballero Estebaranz, N., García Caballero, A. A., González Dávila, E., León Palacín, C., Hernández Álvarez de Sotomayor, M. D. C., López Reig, S., & Vílchez de León, P. I. (2023). Social cognition and emotional rehabilitation in participants with schizofrenia. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14. https://doi.org/doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1250933"
        },
        {
          "study": "d'Amato,2011",
          "ref": "Dellazizzo, L., Potvin, S., Phraxayavong, K., & Dumais, A. (2021). One-year randomized trial comparing virtual reality-assisted therapy to cognitive–behavioral therapy for patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. npj Schizophrenia, 7(1). https://doi.org/doi:10.1038/s41537-021-00139-2 "
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "van Duin,2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
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        }
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "She,2017",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Steel,2017",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Valmaggia,2005",
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        },
        {
          "study": "White,2011",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wykes,2007",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zoromba,2024",
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        }
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      "refs": [
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        },
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          "study": "Ho-wai So,2021",
          "ref": "Hui, C. L. M., Wong, C. C. L., Lui, E. C. Y., Chiu, T. C., Tao, T. J., Chan, E. W. T., Lin, J., Tong, A. C. Y., Suen, Y. N., Chan, C. W. H., Yeung, W. S., Lee, E. H. M., Chan, S. K. W., Chang, W. C., & Chen, E. Y. H. (2024). Effects of mindfulness-based intervention in preventing relapse in patients with remitted psychosis: a randomized controlled trial. Schizophr., 10(1). https://doi.org/doi:10.1038/s41537-024-00539-0 LK - http://vu.on.worldcat.org/atoztitles/link?sid=EMBASE&issn=27546993&id=doi:10.1038%2Fs41537-024-00539-0&atitle=Effects+of+mindfulness-based+intervention+in+preventing+relapse+in+patients+with+remitted+psychosis%3A+a+randomized+controlled+trial&stitle=Schizophr.&title=Schizophrenia&volume=10&issue=1&spage=&epage=&aulast=Hui&aufirst=Christy+Lai+Ming&auinit=C.L.M.&aufull=Hui+C.L.M.&coden=&isbn=&pages=-&date=2024&auinit1=C&auinitm=L.M."
        },
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          "study": "Vita,2011b",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
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        },
        {
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        }
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Zalzala,2022",
          "ref": "Zalzala, A., Fiszdon, J. M., Moritz, S., Wardwell, P., Petrik, T., Mathews, L., Shagan, D., Bracken, D., Bell, M. D., Pearlson, G. D., & Choi, J. (2022). Metacognitive Training to Improve Insight and Work Outcome in Schizophrenia. J Nerv Ment Dis, 210(9), 655-658. https://doi.org/doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000001512 "
        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Zhu,2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Zoromba,2024",
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        },
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          "study": "d'Amato,2011",
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        },
        {
          "study": "van Duin,2021",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
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        }
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      "sg": "Rating",
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      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Valencia,2010",
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wykes,2007",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Xue,2024",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Yanos,2019",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Zalzala,2022",
          "ref": "Zalzala, A., Fiszdon, J. M., Moritz, S., Wardwell, P., Petrik, T., Mathews, L., Shagan, D., Bracken, D., Bell, M. D., Pearlson, G. D., & Choi, J. (2022). Metacognitive Training to Improve Insight and Work Outcome in Schizophrenia. J Nerv Ment Dis, 210(9), 655-658. https://doi.org/doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000001512 "
        },
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          "study": "Zhu,2020",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Zhu,2021",
          "ref": "MA, Z., L, S., A, A., A, S., S, A., HE, E.-G., & AH, E.-M. (2024). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Psychotic Severity Among Inpatients With Primary Psychoses: A Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of mental health nursing, 33(6), 2239-2256. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/inm.13388"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zoromba,2024",
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        },
        {
          "study": "d'Amato,2011",
          "ref": "Dellazizzo, L., Potvin, S., Phraxayavong, K., & Dumais, A. (2021). One-year randomized trial comparing virtual reality-assisted therapy to cognitive–behavioral therapy for patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. npj Schizophrenia, 7(1). https://doi.org/doi:10.1038/s41537-021-00139-2 "
        },
        {
          "study": "van Duin,2021",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
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      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
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      "refs": [
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        },
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          "study": "Ho-wai So,2021",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        {
          "study": "Zalzala,2022",
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        },
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        {
          "study": "Zhu,2021",
          "ref": "MA, Z., L, S., A, A., A, S., S, A., HE, E.-G., & AH, E.-M. (2024). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Psychotic Severity Among Inpatients With Primary Psychoses: A Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of mental health nursing, 33(6), 2239-2256. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/inm.13388"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zoromba,2024",
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        },
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          "study": "d'Amato,2011",
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        },
        {
          "study": "van Duin,2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
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        }
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      "full": "Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Negative subscale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Low risk of bias",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 14,
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      "lo": 4.687,
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      "refs": [
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        },
        {
          "study": "Hui,2024",
          "ref": "Husain, M. O., Chaudhry, I. B., Mehmood, N., Rehman, R. U., Kazmi, A., Hamirani, M., Kiran, T., Bukhsh, A., Bassett, P., Husain, M. I., Naeem, F., & Husain, N. (2017). Pilot randomised controlled trial of culturally adapted cognitive behavior therapy for psychosis (CaCBTp) in Pakistan. BMC Health Serv Res, 17(1), 808. https://doi.org/doi:10.1186/s12913-017-2740-z "
        },
        {
          "study": "Katsushima,2025",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Lincoln,2012",
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Nijman,2023",
          "ref": "Nijman, S. A., Pijnenborg, G. H. M., Vermeer, R. R., ee, C. E. R., stra, D. C., Van Der Vorm, D., De Wit-De Visser, A. C., Meins, I. A., Geraets, C. N. W., & Veling, W. (2023). Dynamic Interactive Social Cognition Training in Virtual Reality (DiSCoVR) versus Virtual Reality Relaxation (VRelax) for People with a Psychotic Disorder: A Single-Blind Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 49(2), 518-530. https://doi.org/doi:10.1093/schbul/sbac167"
        },
        {
          "study": "Shawyer,2017",
          "ref": "Shen, H., Zhang, L., Li, Y., Zheng, D., Du, L., Xu, F., Xu, C., Liu, Y., Shen, J., Li, Z., & Cui, D. (2023). Mindfulness-based intervention improves residual negative symptoms and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: a randomized controlled follow-up study. Psychol Med, 53(4), 1390-1399. https://doi.org/doi:10.1017/s0033291721002944 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Steel,2020",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wang,2016",
          "ref": "White, R., Gumley, A., McTaggart, J., Rattrie, L., McConville, D., Cleare, S., & Mitchell, G. (2011). A feasibility study of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for emotional dysfunction following psychosis. Behaviour research and therapy, 49(12), 901-907."
        },
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          "study": "van Duin,2021",
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        }
      ]
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    {
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      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
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      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "GilSanz,2009",
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        },
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          "study": "Ho-wai So,2021",
          "ref": "Hui, C. L. M., Wong, C. C. L., Lui, E. C. Y., Chiu, T. C., Tao, T. J., Chan, E. W. T., Lin, J., Tong, A. C. Y., Suen, Y. N., Chan, C. W. H., Yeung, W. S., Lee, E. H. M., Chan, S. K. W., Chang, W. C., & Chen, E. Y. H. (2024). Effects of mindfulness-based intervention in preventing relapse in patients with remitted psychosis: a randomized controlled trial. Schizophr., 10(1). https://doi.org/doi:10.1038/s41537-024-00539-0 LK - http://vu.on.worldcat.org/atoztitles/link?sid=EMBASE&issn=27546993&id=doi:10.1038%2Fs41537-024-00539-0&atitle=Effects+of+mindfulness-based+intervention+in+preventing+relapse+in+patients+with+remitted+psychosis%3A+a+randomized+controlled+trial&stitle=Schizophr.&title=Schizophrenia&volume=10&issue=1&spage=&epage=&aulast=Hui&aufirst=Christy+Lai+Ming&auinit=C.L.M.&aufull=Hui+C.L.M.&coden=&isbn=&pages=-&date=2024&auinit1=C&auinitm=L.M."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
          "ref": "Penn DL, Uzenoff SR, Perkins D, Mueser KT, Hamer R, Waldheter E, et al. A pilot investigation of the Graduated Recovery Intervention Program (GRIP) for first episode psychosis. Schizophr Res [Internet]. Elsevier B.V.; 2011;125(2–3):247–56. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2010.08.006"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1437,
      "instr": "PANSS-negative",
      "full": "Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Negative subscale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Not low risk of bias",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 101,
      "k_es": 111,
      "sd": 4.661,
      "lo": 4.238,
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Naeem,2015",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Naeem,2016",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Xue,2024",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Yanos,2019",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Zalzala,2022",
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Zhu,2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Zoromba,2024",
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        },
        {
          "study": "d'Amato,2011",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1438,
      "instr": "PANSS-negative",
      "full": "Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Negative subscale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Not low risk of bias",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 114,
      "k_es": 137,
      "sd": 4.757,
      "lo": 4.354,
      "hi": 5.198,
      "tau2": 0.2147,
      "tau2w": 0.0033,
      "plo": 1.897,
      "phi": 11.929,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Zalzala,2022",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Zhu,2021",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "d'Amato,2011",
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        },
        {
          "study": "van Duin,2021",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
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        }
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    {
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      "instr": "PANSS-positive",
      "full": "Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Positive subscale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
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      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 114,
      "k_es": 138,
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
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          "study": "Wykes,2007",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Xue,2024",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Yanos,2019",
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        },
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          "study": "Zhu,2020",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Zhu,2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Zoromba,2024",
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        },
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          "study": "d'Amato,2011",
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        },
        {
          "study": "van Duin,2021",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
          "ref": "Penn DL, Uzenoff SR, Perkins D, Mueser KT, Hamer R, Waldheter E, et al. A pilot investigation of the Graduated Recovery Intervention Program (GRIP) for first episode psychosis. Schizophr Res [Internet]. Elsevier B.V.; 2011;125(2–3):247–56. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2010.08.006"
        }
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    {
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      "instr": "PANSS-positive",
      "full": "Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Positive subscale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Three-level CHE model",
      "k": 114,
      "k_es": 138,
      "sd": 4.188,
      "lo": 3.81,
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      "tau2": 0.2486,
      "tau2w": 0.001,
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      "phi": 11.199,
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      "refs": [
        {
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        },
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          "study": "Ho-wai So,2021",
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Vita,2011b",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
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          "study": "Wang,2016",
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wykes,2007",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Xue,2024",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Yanos,2019",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhu,2020",
          "ref": "Zhu, X., Song, H., Chang, R., Chen, B., Song, Y., Liu, J., & Wang, K. (2021). Combining compensatory cognitive training and medication self-management skills training, in inpatients with schizophrenia: A three-arm parallel, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 69, 94-103. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.12.012 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhu,2021",
          "ref": "MA, Z., L, S., A, A., A, S., S, A., HE, E.-G., & AH, E.-M. (2024). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Psychotic Severity Among Inpatients With Primary Psychoses: A Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of mental health nursing, 33(6), 2239-2256. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/inm.13388"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zoromba,2024",
          "ref": "Özer, D., & Dişsiz, M. (2024). The effect of online group based acceptance and commitment therapy on psychotic symptoms and functioning levels of individuals with early psychosis. Schizophrenia Research, 267, 55-64. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2024.03.018"
        },
        {
          "study": "d'Amato,2011",
          "ref": "Dellazizzo, L., Potvin, S., Phraxayavong, K., & Dumais, A. (2021). One-year randomized trial comparing virtual reality-assisted therapy to cognitive–behavioral therapy for patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. npj Schizophrenia, 7(1). https://doi.org/doi:10.1038/s41537-021-00139-2 "
        },
        {
          "study": "van Duin,2021",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
          "ref": "Penn DL, Uzenoff SR, Perkins D, Mueser KT, Hamer R, Waldheter E, et al. A pilot investigation of the Graduated Recovery Intervention Program (GRIP) for first episode psychosis. Schizophr Res [Internet]. Elsevier B.V.; 2011;125(2–3):247–56. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2010.08.006"
        }
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      "refs": [
        {
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Ho-wai So,2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Hui,2024",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Zhu,2021",
          "ref": "MA, Z., L, S., A, A., A, S., S, A., HE, E.-G., & AH, E.-M. (2024). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Psychotic Severity Among Inpatients With Primary Psychoses: A Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of mental health nursing, 33(6), 2239-2256. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/inm.13388"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zoromba,2024",
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        },
        {
          "study": "d'Amato,2011",
          "ref": "Dellazizzo, L., Potvin, S., Phraxayavong, K., & Dumais, A. (2021). One-year randomized trial comparing virtual reality-assisted therapy to cognitive–behavioral therapy for patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. npj Schizophrenia, 7(1). https://doi.org/doi:10.1038/s41537-021-00139-2 "
        },
        {
          "study": "van Duin,2021",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
          "ref": "Penn DL, Uzenoff SR, Perkins D, Mueser KT, Hamer R, Waldheter E, et al. A pilot investigation of the Graduated Recovery Intervention Program (GRIP) for first episode psychosis. Schizophr Res [Internet]. Elsevier B.V.; 2011;125(2–3):247–56. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2010.08.006"
        }
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    {
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      "instr": "PANSS-positive",
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      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
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      "model": "Outliers removed (sensitivity)",
      "k": 62,
      "k_es": 67,
      "sd": 4.381,
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      "hi": 4.563,
      "tau2": 0.0174,
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      "plo": 3.371,
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      "refs": [
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        },
        {
          "study": "White,2011",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Xue,2024",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhu,2020",
          "ref": "Zhu, X., Song, H., Chang, R., Chen, B., Song, Y., Liu, J., & Wang, K. (2021). Combining compensatory cognitive training and medication self-management skills training, in inpatients with schizophrenia: A three-arm parallel, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 69, 94-103. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.12.012 "
        },
        {
          "study": "d'Amato,2011",
          "ref": "Dellazizzo, L., Potvin, S., Phraxayavong, K., & Dumais, A. (2021). One-year randomized trial comparing virtual reality-assisted therapy to cognitive–behavioral therapy for patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. npj Schizophrenia, 7(1). https://doi.org/doi:10.1038/s41537-021-00139-2 "
        }
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    {
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      "instr": "PANSS-positive",
      "full": "Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Positive subscale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
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      "model": "Influence analysis (sensitivity)",
      "k": 110,
      "k_es": 129,
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "GilSanz,2009",
          "ref": "Giuliani, L., Pezzella, P., Mucci, A., Palumbo, D., Caporusso, E., Piegari, G., Giordano, G. M., Blasio, P., Mencacci, C., Torriero, S., & Galderisi, S. (2024). Effectiveness of a social cognition remediation intervention for patients with schizophrenia: a randomized-controlled study. Ann. Gen. Psychiatry, 23(1). https://doi.org/doi:10.1186/s12991-024-00535-9 LK - http://vu.on.worldcat.org/atoztitles/link?sid=EMBASE&issn=1744859X&id=doi:10.1186%2Fs12991-024-00535-9&atitle=Effectiveness+of+a+social+cognition+remediation+intervention+for+patients+with+schizophrenia%3A+a+randomized-controlled+study&stitle=Ann.+Gen.+Psychiatry&title=Annals+of+General+Psychiatry&volume=23&issue=1&spage=&epage=&aulast=Giuliani&aufirst=Luigi&auinit=L.&aufull=Giuliani+L.&coden=&isbn=&pages=-&date=2024&auinit1=L&auinitm="
        },
        {
          "study": "Giuliani,2024",
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        },
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          "study": "Gohar,2013",
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        },
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          "study": "Ho-wai So,2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Hui,2024",
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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        }
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Xue,2024",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Yanos,2019",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
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          "study": "Zhu,2020",
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        },
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          "study": "Zhu,2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "d'Amato,2011",
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        }
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Ho-wai So,2021",
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        },
        {
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          "ref": "Veltro, F., Mazza, M., Vendittelli, N., Alberti, M., Casacchia, M., & Roncone, R. (2011). A comparison of the effectiveness of problem solving training and of cognitive-emotional rehabilitation on neurocognition, social cognition and social functioning in people with schizophrenia. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health: CP & EMH, 7, 123. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Valmaggia,2005",
          "ref": "Vita 2011b: Vita A, Peri L De, Barlati S, Cacciani P, Cisima M, Deste G, et al. Psychopathologic , neuropsychological and functional outcome measures during cognitive rehabilitation in schizophrenia : A prospective controlled study in a real-world setting. Eur Psychiatry. 2011;26:276–83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Veltro,2011",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vita,2011b",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang,2016",
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        },
        {
          "study": "White,2011",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wykes,2007",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
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        {
          "study": "Xue,2024",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
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          "study": "Zhu,2020",
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        {
          "study": "Zhu,2021",
          "ref": "MA, Z., L, S., A, A., A, S., S, A., HE, E.-G., & AH, E.-M. (2024). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Psychotic Severity Among Inpatients With Primary Psychoses: A Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of mental health nursing, 33(6), 2239-2256. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/inm.13388"
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        {
          "study": "Zoromba,2024",
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        },
        {
          "study": "d'Amato,2011",
          "ref": "Dellazizzo, L., Potvin, S., Phraxayavong, K., & Dumais, A. (2021). One-year randomized trial comparing virtual reality-assisted therapy to cognitive–behavioral therapy for patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. npj Schizophrenia, 7(1). https://doi.org/doi:10.1038/s41537-021-00139-2 "
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          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
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          "ref": "Penn DL, Uzenoff SR, Perkins D, Mueser KT, Hamer R, Waldheter E, et al. A pilot investigation of the Graduated Recovery Intervention Program (GRIP) for first episode psychosis. Schizophr Res [Internet]. Elsevier B.V.; 2011;125(2–3):247–56. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2010.08.006"
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        {
          "study": "Acuña,2022",
          "ref": "Acuña, V., Otto, A., Cavieres, A., & Villalobos, H. (2022). Efficacy of Metacognitive Training in a Chilean Sample of People with Schizophrenia. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria, 51(4), 301-308. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.rcp.2020.12.006 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2017",
          "ref": "Chien, W. T., Bressington, D., Yip, A., & Karatzias, T. (2017). An international multi-site, randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation group programme for people with schizophrenia. Psychol Med, 47(12), 2081-2096. https://doi.org/doi:10.1017/s0033291717000526 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2019",
          "ref": "Chien, W. T., Cheng, H. Y., McMaster, T. W., Yip, A. L. K., & Wong, J. C. L. (2019). Effectiveness of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation group programme for early-stage schizophrenia: An 18-month randomised controlled trial. Schizophr Res, 212, 140-149. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2019.07.053 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Gharaeipour,2012",
          "ref": "GilSanz DG, Lorenzo MD, Seco RB, Rodriguez MA, Martinez IL, Calleja RS, et al. Efficacy of a social cognition training program for schizophrenic patients : A Pilot Study. Span J Psychol. 2009;12(1):184–91."
        },
        {
          "study": "González-Ortega,2021",
          "ref": "Hasan, A. A., & Alasmee, N. (2022). Evaluation of the impact of a self-stigma reduction programme on psychosocial outcomes among people with schizophrenia spectrum disorder. J Ment Health, 31(1), 83-91. https://doi.org/doi:10.1080/09638237.2021.1922628 "
        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Valencia,2012",
          "ref": "Veltro, F., Mazza, M., Vendittelli, N., Alberti, M., Casacchia, M., & Roncone, R. (2011). A comparison of the effectiveness of problem solving training and of cognitive-emotional rehabilitation on neurocognition, social cognition and social functioning in people with schizophrenia. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health: CP & EMH, 7, 123. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang,2016",
          "ref": "White, R., Gumley, A., McTaggart, J., Rattrie, L., McConville, D., Cleare, S., & Mitchell, G. (2011). A feasibility study of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for emotional dysfunction following psychosis. Behaviour research and therapy, 49(12), 901-907."
        },
        {
          "study": "van Duin,2021",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
          "ref": "Penn DL, Uzenoff SR, Perkins D, Mueser KT, Hamer R, Waldheter E, et al. A pilot investigation of the Graduated Recovery Intervention Program (GRIP) for first episode psychosis. Schizophr Res [Internet]. Elsevier B.V.; 2011;125(2–3):247–56. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2010.08.006"
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        {
          "study": "Acuña,2022",
          "ref": "Acuña, V., Otto, A., Cavieres, A., & Villalobos, H. (2022). Efficacy of Metacognitive Training in a Chilean Sample of People with Schizophrenia. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria, 51(4), 301-308. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.rcp.2020.12.006 "
        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "GilSanz,2009",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Zhu,2020",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Zhu,2021",
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "van Duin,2021",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
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        }
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      "sg": "Control condition",
      "sgv": "Care as usual",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 77,
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      "lo": 3.852,
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Naeem,2016",
          "ref": "Nijman, S. A., Pijnenborg, G. H. M., Vermeer, R. R., ee, C. E. R., stra, D. C., Van Der Vorm, D., De Wit-De Visser, A. C., Meins, I. A., Geraets, C. N. W., & Veling, W. (2023). Dynamic Interactive Social Cognition Training in Virtual Reality (DiSCoVR) versus Virtual Reality Relaxation (VRelax) for People with a Psychotic Disorder: A Single-Blind Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 49(2), 518-530. https://doi.org/doi:10.1093/schbul/sbac166"
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Zhu,2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Zoromba,2024",
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
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        }
      ]
    },
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      "instr": "PANSS-positive",
      "full": "Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Positive subscale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Control condition",
      "sgv": "Care as usual",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 114,
      "k_es": 138,
      "sd": 4.188,
      "lo": 3.81,
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "van Duin,2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
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        }
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    {
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      "instr": "PANSS-positive",
      "full": "Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Positive subscale",
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      "sg": "Control condition",
      "sgv": "Other",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 45,
      "k_es": 51,
      "sd": 4.279,
      "lo": 3.768,
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      "phi": 9.941,
      "i2": 96.6,
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      "refs": [
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        },
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          "study": "Wang,2016",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "van Duin,2021",
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      "refs": [
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      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1452,
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        {
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Cai,2015",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2017",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2018",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2019",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Choi,2018",
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        },
        {
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        {
          "study": "Hui,2024",
          "ref": "Husain, M. O., Chaudhry, I. B., Mehmood, N., Rehman, R. U., Kazmi, A., Hamirani, M., Kiran, T., Bukhsh, A., Bassett, P., Husain, M. I., Naeem, F., & Husain, N. (2017). Pilot randomised controlled trial of culturally adapted cognitive behavior therapy for psychosis (CaCBTp) in Pakistan. BMC Health Serv Res, 17(1), 808. https://doi.org/doi:10.1186/s12913-017-2740-z "
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Kumar,2010",
          "ref": "Lahera, G., Reboreda, A., Vallespí, A., Vidal, C., López, V., Aznar, A., Fernández, P., Escolar, M., Martínez-Alés, G., Rodriguez-Jimenez, R., Halverson, T., Frommann, N., Wölwer, W., & Penn, D. L. (2021). Social Cognition and Interaction Training (SCIT) versus Training in Affect Recognition (TAR) in patients with schizophrenia: A randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res, 142, 101-109. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.07.029 "
        },
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          "study": "Lee,2013CR",
          "ref": "Lee, K. H. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness in patients with schizophrenia(✰). Psychiatry Res, 275, 137-142. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.02.079 "
        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Xue,2024",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Yanos,2019",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Zhu,2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Zoromba,2024",
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        },
        {
          "study": "d'Amato,2011",
          "ref": "Dellazizzo, L., Potvin, S., Phraxayavong, K., & Dumais, A. (2021). One-year randomized trial comparing virtual reality-assisted therapy to cognitive–behavioral therapy for patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. npj Schizophrenia, 7(1). https://doi.org/doi:10.1038/s41537-021-00139-2 "
        },
        {
          "study": "van Duin,2021",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
          "ref": "Penn DL, Uzenoff SR, Perkins D, Mueser KT, Hamer R, Waldheter E, et al. A pilot investigation of the Graduated Recovery Intervention Program (GRIP) for first episode psychosis. Schizophr Res [Internet]. Elsevier B.V.; 2011;125(2–3):247–56. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2010.08.006"
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      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "Europe",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 47,
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Vita,2011b",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "White,2011",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wykes,2007",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "d'Amato,2011",
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        },
        {
          "study": "van Duin,2021",
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      "refs": [
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        },
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          "study": "Ho-wai So,2021",
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        },
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          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
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        {
          "study": "Xue,2024",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
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        {
          "study": "Yanos,2019",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
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        {
          "study": "Zhu,2021",
          "ref": "MA, Z., L, S., A, A., A, S., S, A., HE, E.-G., & AH, E.-M. (2024). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Psychotic Severity Among Inpatients With Primary Psychoses: A Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of mental health nursing, 33(6), 2239-2256. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/inm.13388"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zoromba,2024",
          "ref": "Özer, D., & Dişsiz, M. (2024). The effect of online group based acceptance and commitment therapy on psychotic symptoms and functioning levels of individuals with early psychosis. Schizophrenia Research, 267, 55-64. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2024.03.018"
        },
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          "study": "d'Amato,2011",
          "ref": "Dellazizzo, L., Potvin, S., Phraxayavong, K., & Dumais, A. (2021). One-year randomized trial comparing virtual reality-assisted therapy to cognitive–behavioral therapy for patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. npj Schizophrenia, 7(1). https://doi.org/doi:10.1038/s41537-021-00139-2 "
        },
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          "study": "van Duin,2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Özer,2024",
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        {
          "study": "Bark,2003",
          "ref": "Bark N, Revheim N, Huq F, Khalderov V, Watras Z, Medalia A. The impact of cognitive remediation on psychiatric symptoms of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2003;63:229–35."
        },
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          "study": "Cather,2005",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Dellazizzo,2021",
          "ref": "Dobson, D. J., McDougall, G., Busheikin, J., & Aldous, J. (1995). Effects of social skills training and social milieu treatment on symptoms of schizophrenia. Psychiatric services (Washington, DC), 46(4), 376-380."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fiszdon,2016",
          "ref": "Fiszdon, J. M., Dixon, H. D., Davidson, C. A., Roberts, D. L., Penn, D. L., & Bell, M. D. (2023). Efficacy of social cognition and interaction training in outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14. https://doi.org/doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1217735"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fiszdon,2023",
          "ref": "Garety 2008 (i) & (ii): Garety PA, Fowler DG, Freeman D, Bebbington P, Dunn G, Kuipers E. Cognitive – behavioural therapy and family intervention for relapse prevention and symptom reduction in psychosis : randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2008;192:412– 23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Granholm,2014",
          "ref": "Hasan, A. A., & Alasmee, N. (2022). Evaluation of the impact of a self-stigma reduction programme on psychosocial outcomes among people with schizophrenia spectrum disorder. J Ment Health, 31(1), 83-91. https://doi.org/doi:10.1080/09638237.2021.1922628 "
        },
        {
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        },
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          "study": "Naeem,2016",
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Rector,2003",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Yanos,2019",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
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        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Choi,2018",
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Fiszdon,2023",
          "ref": "Garety 2008 (i) & (ii): Garety PA, Fowler DG, Freeman D, Bebbington P, Dunn G, Kuipers E. Cognitive – behavioural therapy and family intervention for relapse prevention and symptom reduction in psychosis : randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2008;192:412– 23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Garety,2008a",
          "ref": "Garety 2008 (i) & (ii): Garety PA, Fowler DG, Freeman D, Bebbington P, Dunn G, Kuipers E. Cognitive – behavioural therapy and family intervention for relapse prevention and symptom reduction in psychosis : randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2008;192:412– 23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Garety,2008c",
          "ref": "Garety 2008 (i) & (ii): Garety PA, Fowler DG, Freeman D, Bebbington P, Dunn G, Kuipers E. Cognitive – behavioural therapy and family intervention for relapse prevention and symptom reduction in psychosis : randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2008;192:412– 23."
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          "study": "GilSanz,2009",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Ho-wai So,2021",
          "ref": "Hui, C. L. M., Wong, C. C. L., Lui, E. C. Y., Chiu, T. C., Tao, T. J., Chan, E. W. T., Lin, J., Tong, A. C. Y., Suen, Y. N., Chan, C. W. H., Yeung, W. S., Lee, E. H. M., Chan, S. K. W., Chang, W. C., & Chen, E. Y. H. (2024). Effects of mindfulness-based intervention in preventing relapse in patients with remitted psychosis: a randomized controlled trial. Schizophr., 10(1). https://doi.org/doi:10.1038/s41537-024-00539-0 LK - http://vu.on.worldcat.org/atoztitles/link?sid=EMBASE&issn=27546993&id=doi:10.1038%2Fs41537-024-00539-0&atitle=Effects+of+mindfulness-based+intervention+in+preventing+relapse+in+patients+with+remitted+psychosis%3A+a+randomized+controlled+trial&stitle=Schizophr.&title=Schizophrenia&volume=10&issue=1&spage=&epage=&aulast=Hui&aufirst=Christy+Lai+Ming&auinit=C.L.M.&aufull=Hui+C.L.M.&coden=&isbn=&pages=-&date=2024&auinit1=C&auinitm=L.M."
        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Valencia,2010",
          "ref": "Valmaggia L R, van der Gaag M, Tarrier N, Pijnenborg M, Sloof C J. Cognitive-behavioural therapy for refractory psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia resistant to atypical antipsychotic medication. Br J Psych, 2005; 186, 324–330."
        },
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          "study": "Valencia,2012",
          "ref": "Veltro, F., Mazza, M., Vendittelli, N., Alberti, M., Casacchia, M., & Roncone, R. (2011). A comparison of the effectiveness of problem solving training and of cognitive-emotional rehabilitation on neurocognition, social cognition and social functioning in people with schizophrenia. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health: CP & EMH, 7, 123. "
        },
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          "study": "Vita,2011b",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
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          "study": "Wang,2016",
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        },
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          "study": "White,2011",
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        },
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          "study": "Wykes,2007",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Xue,2024",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
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        },
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          "study": "Zhu,2020",
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        },
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          "study": "Zhu,2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Zoromba,2024",
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "van Duin,2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
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        {
          "study": "Acuña,2022",
          "ref": "Acuña, V., Otto, A., Cavieres, A., & Villalobos, H. (2022). Efficacy of Metacognitive Training in a Chilean Sample of People with Schizophrenia. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria, 51(4), 301-308. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.rcp.2020.12.006 "
        },
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          "study": "Balzan,2019",
          "ref": "Balzan, R. P., Mattiske, J. K., Delfabbro, P., Liu, D., & Galletly, C. (2019). Individualized Metacognitive Training (MCT+) Reduces Delusional Symptoms in Psychosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Schizophr Bull, 45(1), 27-36. https://doi.org/doi:10.1093/schbul/sby152 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Gohar,2013",
          "ref": "González-Ortega, I., Vega, P., Echeburúa, E., Alberich, S., Fernández-Sevillano, J., Barbeito, S., Balanzá-Martínez, V., Vieta, E., Lorente-Rovira, E., Luengo, A., Cerrillo, E., Crespo, J. M., Matute, C., & González-Pinto, A. (2021). A Multicentre, Randomised, Controlled Trial of a Combined Clinical Treatment for First-Episode Psychosis. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(14). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/ijerph18147239 "
        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Shawyer,2017",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Valencia,2007",
          "ref": "Valencia M, Juarez F, Ortega H. Integrated treatment to achieve functional recovery for first- episode psychosis. Schizophr Res Treat, 2012; Article ID 962371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Valencia,2010",
          "ref": "Valmaggia L R, van der Gaag M, Tarrier N, Pijnenborg M, Sloof C J. Cognitive-behavioural therapy for refractory psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia resistant to atypical antipsychotic medication. Br J Psych, 2005; 186, 324–330."
        },
        {
          "study": "Valencia,2012",
          "ref": "Veltro, F., Mazza, M., Vendittelli, N., Alberti, M., Casacchia, M., & Roncone, R. (2011). A comparison of the effectiveness of problem solving training and of cognitive-emotional rehabilitation on neurocognition, social cognition and social functioning in people with schizophrenia. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health: CP & EMH, 7, 123. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zoromba,2024",
          "ref": "Özer, D., & Dişsiz, M. (2024). The effect of online group based acceptance and commitment therapy on psychotic symptoms and functioning levels of individuals with early psychosis. Schizophrenia Research, 267, 55-64. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2024.03.018"
        }
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        {
          "study": "Acuña,2022",
          "ref": "Acuña, V., Otto, A., Cavieres, A., & Villalobos, H. (2022). Efficacy of Metacognitive Training in a Chilean Sample of People with Schizophrenia. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria, 51(4), 301-308. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.rcp.2020.12.006 "
        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Xue,2024",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Zhu,2021",
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        },
        {
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        },
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          "study": "d'Amato,2011",
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        },
        {
          "study": "van Duin,2021",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
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      "refs": [
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        },
        {
          "study": "Vita,2011b",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang,2016",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Xue,2024",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Yanos,2019",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhu,2021",
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
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        }
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      "sgv": "Guided self-help",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
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      "refs": [
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        },
        {
          "study": "Lee,2013CR",
          "ref": "Lee, K. H. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness in patients with schizophrenia(✰). Psychiatry Res, 275, 137-142. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.02.079 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Lindenmeyer,2013",
          "ref": "Liu, Y., Yang, X., Gillespie, A., Guo, Z., Ma, Y., Chen, R., & Li, Z. (2019). Targeting relapse prevention and positive symptom in first-episode schizophrenia using brief cognitive behavioral therapy: A pilot randomized controlled study. Psychiatry Res, 272, 275-283. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.130 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Reeder,2017",
          "ref": "Rodríguez Pulido, F., Caballero Estebaranz, N., García Caballero, A. A., González Dávila, E., León Palacín, C., Hernández Álvarez de Sotomayor, M. D. C., López Reig, S., & Vílchez de León, P. I. (2023). Social cognition and emotional rehabilitation in participants with schizofrenia. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14. https://doi.org/doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1250933"
        },
        {
          "study": "d'Amato,2011",
          "ref": "Dellazizzo, L., Potvin, S., Phraxayavong, K., & Dumais, A. (2021). One-year randomized trial comparing virtual reality-assisted therapy to cognitive–behavioral therapy for patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. npj Schizophrenia, 7(1). https://doi.org/doi:10.1038/s41537-021-00139-2 "
        }
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      "refs": [
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          "study": "GilSanz,2009",
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        },
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        },
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        }
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      "refs": [
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        },
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          "study": "Husain,2017",
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        },
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          "study": "Kim,2010",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Lincoln,2012",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Morrison,2018",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Naeem,2015",
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        },
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          "study": "Naeem,2016",
          "ref": "Nijman, S. A., Pijnenborg, G. H. M., Vermeer, R. R., ee, C. E. R., stra, D. C., Van Der Vorm, D., De Wit-De Visser, A. C., Meins, I. A., Geraets, C. N. W., & Veling, W. (2023). Dynamic Interactive Social Cognition Training in Virtual Reality (DiSCoVR) versus Virtual Reality Relaxation (VRelax) for People with a Psychotic Disorder: A Single-Blind Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 49(2), 518-530. https://doi.org/doi:10.1093/schbul/sbac166"
        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "She,2017",
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Valmaggia,2005",
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        },
        {
          "study": "White,2011",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wykes,2007",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
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        }
      ]
    },
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      "instr": "PANSS-positive",
      "full": "Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Positive subscale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Format",
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      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 114,
      "k_es": 138,
      "sd": 4.188,
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Xue,2024",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Zhu,2021",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "d'Amato,2011",
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        },
        {
          "study": "van Duin,2021",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
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        }
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      "sg": "Rating",
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      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Wykes,2007",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Xue,2024",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
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        },
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          "study": "Zhu,2020",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Zhu,2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Zoromba,2024",
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        },
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          "study": "d'Amato,2011",
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        },
        {
          "study": "van Duin,2021",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
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        }
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      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
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      "refs": [
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          "study": "Ho-wai So,2021",
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Zhu,2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Zoromba,2024",
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        },
        {
          "study": "d'Amato,2011",
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        },
        {
          "study": "van Duin,2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
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      "refs": [
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        },
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      "refs": [
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
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        }
      ]
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    {
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      "instr": "PANSS-positive",
      "full": "Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Positive subscale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Low risk of bias",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 16,
      "k_es": 28,
      "sd": 5.125,
      "lo": 4.127,
      "hi": 6.364,
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      "refs": [
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        {
          "study": "Nijman,2023",
          "ref": "Nijman, S. A., Pijnenborg, G. H. M., Vermeer, R. R., ee, C. E. R., stra, D. C., Van Der Vorm, D., De Wit-De Visser, A. C., Meins, I. A., Geraets, C. N. W., & Veling, W. (2023). Dynamic Interactive Social Cognition Training in Virtual Reality (DiSCoVR) versus Virtual Reality Relaxation (VRelax) for People with a Psychotic Disorder: A Single-Blind Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 49(2), 518-530. https://doi.org/doi:10.1093/schbul/sbac167"
        },
        {
          "study": "Shawyer,2017",
          "ref": "Shen, H., Zhang, L., Li, Y., Zheng, D., Du, L., Xu, F., Xu, C., Liu, Y., Shen, J., Li, Z., & Cui, D. (2023). Mindfulness-based intervention improves residual negative symptoms and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: a randomized controlled follow-up study. Psychol Med, 53(4), 1390-1399. https://doi.org/doi:10.1017/s0033291721002944 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Steel,2020",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wang,2016",
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        },
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          "study": "van Duin,2021",
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        }
      ]
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    {
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      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
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      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "GilSanz,2009",
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        },
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          "study": "Ho-wai So,2021",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Luo,2019",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "PANSS-positive",
      "full": "Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Positive subscale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Not low risk of bias",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 99,
      "k_es": 110,
      "sd": 4.065,
      "lo": 3.675,
      "hi": 4.496,
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      "phi": 10.926,
      "i2": 97.2,
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      "refs": [
        {
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Rakitzi,2016",
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        },
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          "study": "Rector,2003",
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          "study": "Reeder,2017",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Sanchez,2013",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Shi,2023",
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Steuwe,2024",
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Vita,2011b",
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wykes,2007",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Xue,2024",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Yanos,2019",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhu,2020",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Zhu,2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Zoromba,2024",
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        },
        {
          "study": "d'Amato,2011",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1475,
      "instr": "PANSS-positive",
      "full": "Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Positive subscale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Not low risk of bias",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 114,
      "k_es": 138,
      "sd": 4.188,
      "lo": 3.81,
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      "phi": 11.199,
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      "refs": [
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        },
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          "study": "GilSanz,2009",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Wykes,2007",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Xue,2024",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Yanos,2019",
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        },
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          "study": "Zhu,2020",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Zhu,2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Zoromba,2024",
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        },
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          "study": "d'Amato,2011",
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        },
        {
          "study": "van Duin,2021",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
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        }
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    {
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      "instr": "PANSS-total",
      "full": "Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Total score",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
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      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 114,
      "k_es": 133,
      "sd": 12.051,
      "lo": 10.85,
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      "tau2": 0.3175,
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      "phi": 36.547,
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      "refs": [
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        },
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          "study": "Veltro,2011",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Vita,2011b",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
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        {
          "study": "Vohs,2018",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang,2016",
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Xue,2024",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhu,2020",
          "ref": "Zhu, X., Song, H., Chang, R., Chen, B., Song, Y., Liu, J., & Wang, K. (2021). Combining compensatory cognitive training and medication self-management skills training, in inpatients with schizophrenia: A three-arm parallel, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 69, 94-103. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.12.012 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zoromba,2024",
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        },
        {
          "study": "d'Amato,2011",
          "ref": "Dellazizzo, L., Potvin, S., Phraxayavong, K., & Dumais, A. (2021). One-year randomized trial comparing virtual reality-assisted therapy to cognitive–behavioral therapy for patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. npj Schizophrenia, 7(1). https://doi.org/doi:10.1038/s41537-021-00139-2 "
        },
        {
          "study": "van Duin,2021",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
          "ref": "Penn DL, Uzenoff SR, Perkins D, Mueser KT, Hamer R, Waldheter E, et al. A pilot investigation of the Graduated Recovery Intervention Program (GRIP) for first episode psychosis. Schizophr Res [Internet]. Elsevier B.V.; 2011;125(2–3):247–56. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2010.08.006"
        }
      ]
    },
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      "model": "Three-level CHE model",
      "k": 114,
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      "refs": [
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          "study": "Garety,2008a",
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          "study": "GilSanz,2009",
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        },
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          "study": "Gohar,2013",
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        },
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          "study": "Ho-wai So,2021",
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        },
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1478,
      "instr": "PANSS-total",
      "full": "Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Total score",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Fixed-effect",
      "k": 114,
      "k_es": 133,
      "sd": 11.005,
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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        }
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    },
    {
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      "instr": "PANSS-total",
      "full": "Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Total score",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Outliers removed (sensitivity)",
      "k": 70,
      "k_es": 85,
      "sd": 12.337,
      "lo": 11.863,
      "hi": 12.831,
      "tau2": 0.0192,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 9.376,
      "phi": 16.235,
      "i2": 73.2,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1480,
      "instr": "PANSS-total",
      "full": "Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Total score",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
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      "model": "Influence analysis (sensitivity)",
      "k": 110,
      "k_es": 129,
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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        }
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      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Age group",
      "sgv": "Adults",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 92,
      "k_es": 101,
      "sd": 12.066,
      "lo": 10.638,
      "hi": 13.685,
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      "phi": 39.993,
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Veltro,2011",
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        },
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          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
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          "study": "Wang,2016",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Xue,2024",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
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        },
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          "study": "d'Amato,2011",
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        }
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      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
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      "refs": [
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        },
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          "study": "Ho-wai So,2021",
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Zhu,2020",
          "ref": "Zhu, X., Song, H., Chang, R., Chen, B., Song, Y., Liu, J., & Wang, K. (2021). Combining compensatory cognitive training and medication self-management skills training, in inpatients with schizophrenia: A three-arm parallel, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 69, 94-103. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.12.012 "
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        {
          "study": "Zoromba,2024",
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        },
        {
          "study": "d'Amato,2011",
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        },
        {
          "study": "van Duin,2021",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
          "ref": "Penn DL, Uzenoff SR, Perkins D, Mueser KT, Hamer R, Waldheter E, et al. A pilot investigation of the Graduated Recovery Intervention Program (GRIP) for first episode psychosis. Schizophr Res [Internet]. Elsevier B.V.; 2011;125(2–3):247–56. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2010.08.006"
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        {
          "study": "Acuña,2022",
          "ref": "Acuña, V., Otto, A., Cavieres, A., & Villalobos, H. (2022). Efficacy of Metacognitive Training in a Chilean Sample of People with Schizophrenia. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria, 51(4), 301-308. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.rcp.2020.12.006 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2017",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2019",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2024",
          "ref": "WT, C., YY, C., D, B., & CW, M. (2024). A randomized controlled trial of an acceptance-based, insight-inducing medication adherence therapy (AIM-AT) for adults with early-stage psychosis. Psychiatry research, 339, 116046. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116046"
        },
        {
          "study": "González-Ortega,2021",
          "ref": "Hasan, A. A., & Alasmee, N. (2022). Evaluation of the impact of a self-stigma reduction programme on psychosocial outcomes among people with schizophrenia spectrum disorder. J Ment Health, 31(1), 83-91. https://doi.org/doi:10.1080/09638237.2021.1922628 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Guo,2010",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
          "ref": "Penn DL, Uzenoff SR, Perkins D, Mueser KT, Hamer R, Waldheter E, et al. A pilot investigation of the Graduated Recovery Intervention Program (GRIP) for first episode psychosis. Schizophr Res [Internet]. Elsevier B.V.; 2011;125(2–3):247–56. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2010.08.006"
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Acuña,2022",
          "ref": "Acuña, V., Otto, A., Cavieres, A., & Villalobos, H. (2022). Efficacy of Metacognitive Training in a Chilean Sample of People with Schizophrenia. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria, 51(4), 301-308. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.rcp.2020.12.006 "
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Garety,2008a",
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        },
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          "study": "Garety,2008c",
          "ref": "Garety 2008 (i) & (ii): Garety PA, Fowler DG, Freeman D, Bebbington P, Dunn G, Kuipers E. Cognitive – behavioural therapy and family intervention for relapse prevention and symptom reduction in psychosis : randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2008;192:412– 23."
        },
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          "study": "GilSanz,2009",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "van Duin,2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
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      "sg": "Control condition",
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      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        }
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      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "van Duin,2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1487,
      "instr": "PANSS-total",
      "full": "Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Total score",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Control condition",
      "sgv": "Other",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 45,
      "k_es": 46,
      "sd": 12.911,
      "lo": 11.299,
      "hi": 14.752,
      "tau2": 0.2001,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 5.318,
      "phi": 31.342,
      "i2": 96.9,
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Vita,2011b",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wang,2016",
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        },
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        }
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
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        }
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      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "Asia",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 40,
      "k_es": 52,
      "sd": 9.928,
      "lo": 8.144,
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      "phi": 34.801,
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      "refs": [
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Ho-wai So,2021",
          "ref": "Hui, C. L. M., Wong, C. C. L., Lui, E. C. Y., Chiu, T. C., Tao, T. J., Chan, E. W. T., Lin, J., Tong, A. C. Y., Suen, Y. N., Chan, C. W. H., Yeung, W. S., Lee, E. H. M., Chan, S. K. W., Chang, W. C., & Chen, E. Y. H. (2024). Effects of mindfulness-based intervention in preventing relapse in patients with remitted psychosis: a randomized controlled trial. Schizophr., 10(1). https://doi.org/doi:10.1038/s41537-024-00539-0 LK - http://vu.on.worldcat.org/atoztitles/link?sid=EMBASE&issn=27546993&id=doi:10.1038%2Fs41537-024-00539-0&atitle=Effects+of+mindfulness-based+intervention+in+preventing+relapse+in+patients+with+remitted+psychosis%3A+a+randomized+controlled+trial&stitle=Schizophr.&title=Schizophrenia&volume=10&issue=1&spage=&epage=&aulast=Hui&aufirst=Christy+Lai+Ming&auinit=C.L.M.&aufull=Hui+C.L.M.&coden=&isbn=&pages=-&date=2024&auinit1=C&auinitm=L.M."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui,2024",
          "ref": "Husain, M. O., Chaudhry, I. B., Mehmood, N., Rehman, R. U., Kazmi, A., Hamirani, M., Kiran, T., Bukhsh, A., Bassett, P., Husain, M. I., Naeem, F., & Husain, N. (2017). Pilot randomised controlled trial of culturally adapted cognitive behavior therapy for psychosis (CaCBTp) in Pakistan. BMC Health Serv Res, 17(1), 808. https://doi.org/doi:10.1186/s12913-017-2740-z "
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Veltro,2011",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Vita,2011b",
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        {
          "study": "Vohs,2018",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
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          "study": "Wang,2016",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wykes,2007",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Xue,2024",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhu,2020",
          "ref": "Zhu, X., Song, H., Chang, R., Chen, B., Song, Y., Liu, J., & Wang, K. (2021). Combining compensatory cognitive training and medication self-management skills training, in inpatients with schizophrenia: A three-arm parallel, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 69, 94-103. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.12.012 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zoromba,2024",
          "ref": "Özer, D., & Dişsiz, M. (2024). The effect of online group based acceptance and commitment therapy on psychotic symptoms and functioning levels of individuals with early psychosis. Schizophrenia Research, 267, 55-64. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2024.03.018"
        },
        {
          "study": "d'Amato,2011",
          "ref": "Dellazizzo, L., Potvin, S., Phraxayavong, K., & Dumais, A. (2021). One-year randomized trial comparing virtual reality-assisted therapy to cognitive–behavioral therapy for patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. npj Schizophrenia, 7(1). https://doi.org/doi:10.1038/s41537-021-00139-2 "
        },
        {
          "study": "van Duin,2021",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
          "ref": "Penn DL, Uzenoff SR, Perkins D, Mueser KT, Hamer R, Waldheter E, et al. A pilot investigation of the Graduated Recovery Intervention Program (GRIP) for first episode psychosis. Schizophr Res [Internet]. Elsevier B.V.; 2011;125(2–3):247–56. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2010.08.006"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1491,
      "instr": "PANSS-total",
      "full": "Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Total score",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "Europe",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 47,
      "k_es": 54,
      "sd": 14.387,
      "lo": 13.26,
      "hi": 15.611,
      "tau2": 0.072,
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      "plo": 8.45,
      "phi": 24.497,
      "i2": 91.3,
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Moritz,2011a",
          "ref": "Moritz, S., Veckenstedt, R., Bohn, F., Hottenrott, B., Scheu, F., Randjbar, S., Aghotor, J., Köther, U., Woodward, T. S., Treszl, A., Andreou, C., Pfueller, U., & Roesch-Ely, D. (2013). Complementary group Metacognitive Training (MCT) reduces delusional ideation in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia research, 151(1), 61-69. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2013.10.007 "
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        },
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          "study": "Rus-Calafell,2013",
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        },
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          "study": "Sanchez,2013",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Steel,2020",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Steuwe,2024",
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        },
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          "study": "Tarrier,2014",
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        },
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          "study": "Valmaggia,2005",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Varese,2024",
          "ref": "Vita 2011b: Vita A, Peri L De, Barlati S, Cacciani P, Cisima M, Deste G, et al. Psychopathologic , neuropsychological and functional outcome measures during cognitive rehabilitation in schizophrenia : A prospective controlled study in a real-world setting. Eur Psychiatry. 2011;26:276–83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Veltro,2011",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vita,2011b",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wykes,2007",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "d'Amato,2011",
          "ref": "Dellazizzo, L., Potvin, S., Phraxayavong, K., & Dumais, A. (2021). One-year randomized trial comparing virtual reality-assisted therapy to cognitive–behavioral therapy for patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. npj Schizophrenia, 7(1). https://doi.org/doi:10.1038/s41537-021-00139-2 "
        },
        {
          "study": "van Duin,2021",
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        }
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      "full": "Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Total score",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "Europe",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 114,
      "k_es": 133,
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      "lo": 10.838,
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      "tau2": 0.3169,
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      "refs": [
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          "study": "Garety,2008a",
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          "study": "Garety,2008c",
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          "study": "GilSanz,2009",
          "ref": "Giuliani, L., Pezzella, P., Mucci, A., Palumbo, D., Caporusso, E., Piegari, G., Giordano, G. M., Blasio, P., Mencacci, C., Torriero, S., & Galderisi, S. (2024). Effectiveness of a social cognition remediation intervention for patients with schizophrenia: a randomized-controlled study. Ann. Gen. Psychiatry, 23(1). https://doi.org/doi:10.1186/s12991-024-00535-9 LK - http://vu.on.worldcat.org/atoztitles/link?sid=EMBASE&issn=1744859X&id=doi:10.1186%2Fs12991-024-00535-9&atitle=Effectiveness+of+a+social+cognition+remediation+intervention+for+patients+with+schizophrenia%3A+a+randomized-controlled+study&stitle=Ann.+Gen.+Psychiatry&title=Annals+of+General+Psychiatry&volume=23&issue=1&spage=&epage=&aulast=Giuliani&aufirst=Luigi&auinit=L.&aufull=Giuliani+L.&coden=&isbn=&pages=-&date=2024&auinit1=L&auinitm="
        },
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          "study": "Gohar,2013",
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        },
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          "study": "Ho-wai So,2021",
          "ref": "Hui, C. L. M., Wong, C. C. L., Lui, E. C. Y., Chiu, T. C., Tao, T. J., Chan, E. W. T., Lin, J., Tong, A. C. Y., Suen, Y. N., Chan, C. W. H., Yeung, W. S., Lee, E. H. M., Chan, S. K. W., Chang, W. C., & Chen, E. Y. H. (2024). Effects of mindfulness-based intervention in preventing relapse in patients with remitted psychosis: a randomized controlled trial. Schizophr., 10(1). https://doi.org/doi:10.1038/s41537-024-00539-0 LK - http://vu.on.worldcat.org/atoztitles/link?sid=EMBASE&issn=27546993&id=doi:10.1038%2Fs41537-024-00539-0&atitle=Effects+of+mindfulness-based+intervention+in+preventing+relapse+in+patients+with+remitted+psychosis%3A+a+randomized+controlled+trial&stitle=Schizophr.&title=Schizophrenia&volume=10&issue=1&spage=&epage=&aulast=Hui&aufirst=Christy+Lai+Ming&auinit=C.L.M.&aufull=Hui+C.L.M.&coden=&isbn=&pages=-&date=2024&auinit1=C&auinitm=L.M."
        },
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          "study": "Hui,2024",
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1493,
      "instr": "PANSS-total",
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        {
          "study": "Bark,2003",
          "ref": "Bark N, Revheim N, Huq F, Khalderov V, Watras Z, Medalia A. The impact of cognitive remediation on psychiatric symptoms of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2003;63:229–35."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dellazizzo,2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Fiszdon,2016",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Fiszdon,2023",
          "ref": "Garety 2008 (i) & (ii): Garety PA, Fowler DG, Freeman D, Bebbington P, Dunn G, Kuipers E. Cognitive – behavioural therapy and family intervention for relapse prevention and symptom reduction in psychosis : randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2008;192:412– 23."
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Naeem,2016",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        }
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        {
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        },
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          "study": "Bark,2003",
          "ref": "Bark N, Revheim N, Huq F, Khalderov V, Watras Z, Medalia A. The impact of cognitive remediation on psychiatric symptoms of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2003;63:229–35."
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Fiszdon,2023",
          "ref": "Garety 2008 (i) & (ii): Garety PA, Fowler DG, Freeman D, Bebbington P, Dunn G, Kuipers E. Cognitive – behavioural therapy and family intervention for relapse prevention and symptom reduction in psychosis : randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2008;192:412– 23."
        },
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        },
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          "ref": "Garety 2008 (i) & (ii): Garety PA, Fowler DG, Freeman D, Bebbington P, Dunn G, Kuipers E. Cognitive – behavioural therapy and family intervention for relapse prevention and symptom reduction in psychosis : randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2008;192:412– 23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Garety,2008a",
          "ref": "Garety 2008 (i) & (ii): Garety PA, Fowler DG, Freeman D, Bebbington P, Dunn G, Kuipers E. Cognitive – behavioural therapy and family intervention for relapse prevention and symptom reduction in psychosis : randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2008;192:412– 23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Garety,2008c",
          "ref": "Garety 2008 (i) & (ii): Garety PA, Fowler DG, Freeman D, Bebbington P, Dunn G, Kuipers E. Cognitive – behavioural therapy and family intervention for relapse prevention and symptom reduction in psychosis : randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2008;192:412– 23."
        },
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          "study": "GilSanz,2009",
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        },
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          "study": "Gohar,2013",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Acuña,2022",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Gohar,2013",
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        {
          "study": "Valencia,2007",
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          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Özer, D., & Dişsiz, M. (2024). The effect of online group based acceptance and commitment therapy on psychotic symptoms and functioning levels of individuals with early psychosis. Schizophrenia Research, 267, 55-64. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2024.03.018"
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        {
          "study": "Xue,2024",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "van Duin,2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
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        {
          "study": "Acuña,2022",
          "ref": "Acuña, V., Otto, A., Cavieres, A., & Villalobos, H. (2022). Efficacy of Metacognitive Training in a Chilean Sample of People with Schizophrenia. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria, 51(4), 301-308. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.rcp.2020.12.006 "
        },
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        },
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        },
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        {
          "study": "Acuña,2022",
          "ref": "Acuña, V., Otto, A., Cavieres, A., & Villalobos, H. (2022). Efficacy of Metacognitive Training in a Chilean Sample of People with Schizophrenia. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria, 51(4), 301-308. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.rcp.2020.12.006 "
        },
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        },
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        }
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        {
          "study": "Bark,2003",
          "ref": "Bark N, Revheim N, Huq F, Khalderov V, Watras Z, Medalia A. The impact of cognitive remediation on psychiatric symptoms of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2003;63:229–35."
        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Lee,2013CR",
          "ref": "Lee, K. H. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness in patients with schizophrenia(✰). Psychiatry Res, 275, 137-142. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.02.079 "
        },
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          "study": "Lindenmeyer,2013",
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        },
        {
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          "ref": "Dellazizzo, L., Potvin, S., Phraxayavong, K., & Dumais, A. (2021). One-year randomized trial comparing virtual reality-assisted therapy to cognitive–behavioral therapy for patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. npj Schizophrenia, 7(1). https://doi.org/doi:10.1038/s41537-021-00139-2 "
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        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        }
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Özer,2024",
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        },
        {
          "study": "van Duin,2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Özer,2024",
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        }
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    },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "d'Amato,2011",
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        },
        {
          "study": "van Duin,2021",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
          "ref": "Penn DL, Uzenoff SR, Perkins D, Mueser KT, Hamer R, Waldheter E, et al. A pilot investigation of the Graduated Recovery Intervention Program (GRIP) for first episode psychosis. Schizophr Res [Internet]. Elsevier B.V.; 2011;125(2–3):247–56. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2010.08.006"
        }
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      "full": "Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Total score",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Rating",
      "sgv": "Clinician-rated",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 114,
      "k_es": 133,
      "sd": 12.051,
      "lo": 10.85,
      "hi": 13.386,
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      "phi": 36.547,
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        {
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          "study": "Vohs,2018",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wang,2016",
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Xue,2024",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhu,2020",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Zoromba,2024",
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        },
        {
          "study": "d'Amato,2011",
          "ref": "Dellazizzo, L., Potvin, S., Phraxayavong, K., & Dumais, A. (2021). One-year randomized trial comparing virtual reality-assisted therapy to cognitive–behavioral therapy for patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. npj Schizophrenia, 7(1). https://doi.org/doi:10.1038/s41537-021-00139-2 "
        },
        {
          "study": "van Duin,2021",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
          "ref": "Penn DL, Uzenoff SR, Perkins D, Mueser KT, Hamer R, Waldheter E, et al. A pilot investigation of the Graduated Recovery Intervention Program (GRIP) for first episode psychosis. Schizophr Res [Internet]. Elsevier B.V.; 2011;125(2–3):247–56. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2010.08.006"
        }
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      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
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      "refs": [
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        }
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      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 114,
      "k_es": 133,
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      "refs": [
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1509,
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      "full": "Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Total score",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Shawyer,2017",
          "ref": "Shen, H., Zhang, L., Li, Y., Zheng, D., Du, L., Xu, F., Xu, C., Liu, Y., Shen, J., Li, Z., & Cui, D. (2023). Mindfulness-based intervention improves residual negative symptoms and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: a randomized controlled follow-up study. Psychol Med, 53(4), 1390-1399. https://doi.org/doi:10.1017/s0033291721002944 "
        },
        {
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        },
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        },
        {
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "PANSS-total",
      "full": "Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Total score",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
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      "refs": [
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        },
        {
          "study": "Morrison,2014",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Morrison,2018",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Peters,2010",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "d'Amato,2011",
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        },
        {
          "study": "van Duin,2021",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1511,
      "instr": "PANSS-total",
      "full": "Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Total score",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Not low risk of bias",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 97,
      "k_es": 101,
      "sd": 12.033,
      "lo": 10.652,
      "hi": 13.593,
      "tau2": 0.365,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.659,
      "phi": 39.571,
      "i2": 98.2,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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          "ref": "So, S. H.-w., Hoi-kei Chan, G., Kit-wa Wong, C., Wing-ka Ching, E., Sze-wai Lee, S., Chi-Wing Wong, B., Zhu, C., Sun, X., Kin-hei Chung, L., Hung, A. Y., Oi-yin Wong, J., Sau-man Chan, S., & ra. (2021). A randomised controlled trial of metacognitive training for psychosis, depression, and belief flexibility. Journal of Affective Disorders, 279, 388-397. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.126 "
        },
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          "study": "Shi,2023",
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        },
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          "study": "So,2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Steuwe,2024",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Tarrier,2014",
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        },
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          "study": "Valencia,2010",
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        },
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          "study": "Valencia,2012",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Valmaggia,2005",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Varese,2024",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Veltro,2011",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
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          "study": "Vidal Gutiérrez,2019",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vita,2011b",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vohs,2018",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wykes,2007",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Xue,2024",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhu,2020",
          "ref": "Zhu, X., Song, H., Chang, R., Chen, B., Song, Y., Liu, J., & Wang, K. (2021). Combining compensatory cognitive training and medication self-management skills training, in inpatients with schizophrenia: A three-arm parallel, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 69, 94-103. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.12.012 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zoromba,2024",
          "ref": "Özer, D., & Dişsiz, M. (2024). The effect of online group based acceptance and commitment therapy on psychotic symptoms and functioning levels of individuals with early psychosis. Schizophrenia Research, 267, 55-64. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2024.03.018"
        },
        {
          "study": "d'Amato,2011",
          "ref": "Dellazizzo, L., Potvin, S., Phraxayavong, K., & Dumais, A. (2021). One-year randomized trial comparing virtual reality-assisted therapy to cognitive–behavioral therapy for patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. npj Schizophrenia, 7(1). https://doi.org/doi:10.1038/s41537-021-00139-2 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
          "ref": "Penn DL, Uzenoff SR, Perkins D, Mueser KT, Hamer R, Waldheter E, et al. A pilot investigation of the Graduated Recovery Intervention Program (GRIP) for first episode psychosis. Schizophr Res [Internet]. Elsevier B.V.; 2011;125(2–3):247–56. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2010.08.006"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1512,
      "instr": "PANSS-total",
      "full": "Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Total score",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Not low risk of bias",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 114,
      "k_es": 133,
      "sd": 12.051,
      "lo": 10.838,
      "hi": 13.401,
      "tau2": 0.3169,
      "tau2w": 0.0006,
      "plo": 3.974,
      "phi": 36.546,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Garety,2008a",
          "ref": "Garety 2008 (i) & (ii): Garety PA, Fowler DG, Freeman D, Bebbington P, Dunn G, Kuipers E. Cognitive – behavioural therapy and family intervention for relapse prevention and symptom reduction in psychosis : randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2008;192:412– 23."
        },
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          "study": "Garety,2008c",
          "ref": "Garety 2008 (i) & (ii): Garety PA, Fowler DG, Freeman D, Bebbington P, Dunn G, Kuipers E. Cognitive – behavioural therapy and family intervention for relapse prevention and symptom reduction in psychosis : randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2008;192:412– 23."
        },
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          "study": "GilSanz,2009",
          "ref": "Giuliani, L., Pezzella, P., Mucci, A., Palumbo, D., Caporusso, E., Piegari, G., Giordano, G. M., Blasio, P., Mencacci, C., Torriero, S., & Galderisi, S. (2024). Effectiveness of a social cognition remediation intervention for patients with schizophrenia: a randomized-controlled study. Ann. Gen. Psychiatry, 23(1). https://doi.org/doi:10.1186/s12991-024-00535-9 LK - http://vu.on.worldcat.org/atoztitles/link?sid=EMBASE&issn=1744859X&id=doi:10.1186%2Fs12991-024-00535-9&atitle=Effectiveness+of+a+social+cognition+remediation+intervention+for+patients+with+schizophrenia%3A+a+randomized-controlled+study&stitle=Ann.+Gen.+Psychiatry&title=Annals+of+General+Psychiatry&volume=23&issue=1&spage=&epage=&aulast=Giuliani&aufirst=Luigi&auinit=L.&aufull=Giuliani+L.&coden=&isbn=&pages=-&date=2024&auinit1=L&auinitm="
        },
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          "study": "Gohar,2013",
          "ref": "González-Ortega, I., Vega, P., Echeburúa, E., Alberich, S., Fernández-Sevillano, J., Barbeito, S., Balanzá-Martínez, V., Vieta, E., Lorente-Rovira, E., Luengo, A., Cerrillo, E., Crespo, J. M., Matute, C., & González-Pinto, A. (2021). A Multicentre, Randomised, Controlled Trial of a Combined Clinical Treatment for First-Episode Psychosis. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(14). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/ijerph18147239 "
        },
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          "study": "González-Ortega,2021",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Hatami,2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Ho-wai So,2021",
          "ref": "Hui, C. L. M., Wong, C. C. L., Lui, E. C. Y., Chiu, T. C., Tao, T. J., Chan, E. W. T., Lin, J., Tong, A. C. Y., Suen, Y. N., Chan, C. W. H., Yeung, W. S., Lee, E. H. M., Chan, S. K. W., Chang, W. C., & Chen, E. Y. H. (2024). Effects of mindfulness-based intervention in preventing relapse in patients with remitted psychosis: a randomized controlled trial. Schizophr., 10(1). https://doi.org/doi:10.1038/s41537-024-00539-0 LK - http://vu.on.worldcat.org/atoztitles/link?sid=EMBASE&issn=27546993&id=doi:10.1038%2Fs41537-024-00539-0&atitle=Effects+of+mindfulness-based+intervention+in+preventing+relapse+in+patients+with+remitted+psychosis%3A+a+randomized+controlled+trial&stitle=Schizophr.&title=Schizophrenia&volume=10&issue=1&spage=&epage=&aulast=Hui&aufirst=Christy+Lai+Ming&auinit=C.L.M.&aufull=Hui+C.L.M.&coden=&isbn=&pages=-&date=2024&auinit1=C&auinitm=L.M."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui,2024",
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Vidal Gutiérrez,2019",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vita,2011b",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vohs,2018",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang,2016",
          "ref": "White, R., Gumley, A., McTaggart, J., Rattrie, L., McConville, D., Cleare, S., & Mitchell, G. (2011). A feasibility study of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for emotional dysfunction following psychosis. Behaviour research and therapy, 49(12), 901-907."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wykes,2007",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Xue,2024",
          "ref": "Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Silverstein, S. M., Vayshenker, B., Gonzales, L., West, M. L., & Roe, D. (2019). A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 54(11), 1363-1378. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhu,2020",
          "ref": "Zhu, X., Song, H., Chang, R., Chen, B., Song, Y., Liu, J., & Wang, K. (2021). Combining compensatory cognitive training and medication self-management skills training, in inpatients with schizophrenia: A three-arm parallel, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 69, 94-103. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.12.012 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zoromba,2024",
          "ref": "Özer, D., & Dişsiz, M. (2024). The effect of online group based acceptance and commitment therapy on psychotic symptoms and functioning levels of individuals with early psychosis. Schizophrenia Research, 267, 55-64. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2024.03.018"
        },
        {
          "study": "d'Amato,2011",
          "ref": "Dellazizzo, L., Potvin, S., Phraxayavong, K., & Dumais, A. (2021). One-year randomized trial comparing virtual reality-assisted therapy to cognitive–behavioral therapy for patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. npj Schizophrenia, 7(1). https://doi.org/doi:10.1038/s41537-021-00139-2 "
        },
        {
          "study": "van Duin,2021",
          "ref": "Wang L-Q, Chien WT, Yip LK, Karatzias T. A randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness- based intervention program for people with schizophrenia : 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:3097–110."
        },
        {
          "study": "Özer,2024",
          "ref": "Penn DL, Uzenoff SR, Perkins D, Mueser KT, Hamer R, Waldheter E, et al. A pilot investigation of the Graduated Recovery Intervention Program (GRIP) for first episode psychosis. Schizophr Res [Internet]. Elsevier B.V.; 2011;125(2–3):247–56. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2010.08.006"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1513,
      "instr": "PCL",
      "full": "PTSD Checklist",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 14,
      "k_es": 15,
      "sd": 9.594,
      "lo": 5.708,
      "hi": 16.127,
      "tau2": 0.9627,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 1.309,
      "phi": 70.323,
      "i2": 98.7,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alsheikh Ali, 2020",
          "ref": "Alsheikh Ali ASS. Efficiency of Intervention Counseling Program on the Enhanced Psychological Well-being and Reduced Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Syrian Women Refugee Survivors. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2020 Jul 30;16(Suppl-1):134-141. doi: 10.2174/1745017902016010134. PMID: 33029190; PMCID: PMC7536727."
        },
        {
          "study": "Engel, 2015",
          "ref": "Engel CC, Litz B, Magruder KM, et al. Delivery of self training and education for stressful situations (DESTRESS-PC): a randomized trial of nurse assisted online self-management for PTSD in primary care. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2015 Jul-Aug;37(4):323-8. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2015.04.007. PMID: 25929985."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jain, 2020",
          "ref": "Jain S, Ortigo K, Gimeno J, Baldor DA, Weiss BJ, Cloitre M. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Brief Skills Training in Affective and Interpersonal Regulation (STAIR) for Veterans in Primary Care. J Trauma Stress. 2020 Aug;33(4):401-409. doi: 10.1002/jts.22523. Epub 2020 Jun 7. PMID: 32506563."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jarero, 2019",
          "ref": "Jarero I, Schnaider S, Givaudan M. Randomized controlled trial: Provision of EMDR protocol for recent critical incidents and ongoing traumatic stress to first responders. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research. 2019;13(2):100-10. doi: 10.1891/1933-3196.13.2.100."
        },
        {
          "study": "Karatzias, 2019",
          "ref": "Karatzias T, Brown M, Taggart L, et al. A mixed-methods, randomized controlled feasibility trial of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) plus Standard Care (SC) versus SC alone for DSM-5 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in adults with intellectual disabilities. J Appl Res Intellect Disabil. 2019 Jul;32(4):806-18. doi: 10.1111/jar.12570. PMID: 30714684."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koch, 2020",
          "ref": "Koch T, Ehring T, Liedl A. Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic group intervention to enhance emotion regulation in young Afghan refugees: A pilot randomized controlled study. Behav Res Ther. 2020 Jun 27;132:103689. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2020.103689. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32688046."
        },
        {
          "study": "Krupnick, 2017",
          "ref": "Krupnick JL, Green BL, Amdur RL, et al. An internet-based writing intervention for PTSD in veterans: a feasibility and pilot effectiveness trial. Psychol Trauma. 2017 Jul;9(4):461-70. doi: 10.1037/tra0000176. PMID: 27607767."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lehavot, 2021",
          "ref": "Lehavot K, Millard SP, Thomas RM, Yantsides K, Upham M, Beckman K, Hamilton AB, Sadler A, Litz B, Simpson T. A randomized trial of an online, coach-assisted self-management PTSD intervention tailored for women veterans. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2021 Feb;89(2):134-142. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000556. PMID: 33705169; PMCID: PMC8238393."
        },
        {
          "study": "Maguen, 2017",
          "ref": "Maguen S, Burkman KM, Madden E, et al. Impact of killing in war: a randomized, controlled pilot trial. J Clin Psychol. 2017 Sep;73(9):997-1012. doi: 10.1002/jclp.22471. PMID: 28294318."
        },
        {
          "study": "McGeary, 2022",
          "ref": "McGeary DD, Resick PA, Penzien DB, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy for veterans with comorbid posttraumatic headache and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurol. 2022;79(8):746-57. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.1567. PMID: 35759281."
        },
        {
          "study": "Spence, 2011",
          "ref": "Spence J, Titov N, Dear BF, et al. Randomized controlled trial of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2011 Jul;28(7):541-50. doi: 10.1002/da.20835. PMID: 21721073."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ulmer, 2011",
          "ref": "Ulmer CS, Edinger JD, Calhoun PS. A multi-component cognitive-behavioral intervention for sleep disturbance in veterans with PTSD: a pilot study. J Clin Sleep Med. 2011 Feb 15;7(1):57-68. PMID: 21344046."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wagner, 2007",
          "ref": "Wagner AW, Zatzick DF, Ghesquiere A, et al. Behavioral activation as an early intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder and depression among physically injured trauma survivors. Cogn Behav Pract. 2007 Nov;14(4):341-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2006.05.002."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2022",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Mohammed AF, Ismail AA, et al. A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial of a Novel, Culturally Adapted, Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for War-Related PTSD in Iraqi Women. Behav Ther. 2022 Jul;53(4):656-72. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2022.01.009. PMID: 35697429"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1514,
      "instr": "PCL",
      "full": "PTSD Checklist",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Three-level CHE model",
      "k": 14,
      "k_es": 15,
      "sd": 9.594,
      "lo": 5.414,
      "hi": 17.003,
      "tau2": 0.9627,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 1.309,
      "phi": 70.323,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alsheikh Ali, 2020",
          "ref": "Alsheikh Ali ASS. Efficiency of Intervention Counseling Program on the Enhanced Psychological Well-being and Reduced Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Syrian Women Refugee Survivors. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2020 Jul 30;16(Suppl-1):134-141. doi: 10.2174/1745017902016010134. PMID: 33029190; PMCID: PMC7536727."
        },
        {
          "study": "Engel, 2015",
          "ref": "Engel CC, Litz B, Magruder KM, et al. Delivery of self training and education for stressful situations (DESTRESS-PC): a randomized trial of nurse assisted online self-management for PTSD in primary care. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2015 Jul-Aug;37(4):323-8. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2015.04.007. PMID: 25929985."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jain, 2020",
          "ref": "Jain S, Ortigo K, Gimeno J, Baldor DA, Weiss BJ, Cloitre M. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Brief Skills Training in Affective and Interpersonal Regulation (STAIR) for Veterans in Primary Care. J Trauma Stress. 2020 Aug;33(4):401-409. doi: 10.1002/jts.22523. Epub 2020 Jun 7. PMID: 32506563."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jarero, 2019",
          "ref": "Jarero I, Schnaider S, Givaudan M. Randomized controlled trial: Provision of EMDR protocol for recent critical incidents and ongoing traumatic stress to first responders. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research. 2019;13(2):100-10. doi: 10.1891/1933-3196.13.2.100."
        },
        {
          "study": "Karatzias, 2019",
          "ref": "Karatzias T, Brown M, Taggart L, et al. A mixed-methods, randomized controlled feasibility trial of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) plus Standard Care (SC) versus SC alone for DSM-5 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in adults with intellectual disabilities. J Appl Res Intellect Disabil. 2019 Jul;32(4):806-18. doi: 10.1111/jar.12570. PMID: 30714684."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koch, 2020",
          "ref": "Koch T, Ehring T, Liedl A. Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic group intervention to enhance emotion regulation in young Afghan refugees: A pilot randomized controlled study. Behav Res Ther. 2020 Jun 27;132:103689. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2020.103689. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32688046."
        },
        {
          "study": "Krupnick, 2017",
          "ref": "Krupnick JL, Green BL, Amdur RL, et al. An internet-based writing intervention for PTSD in veterans: a feasibility and pilot effectiveness trial. Psychol Trauma. 2017 Jul;9(4):461-70. doi: 10.1037/tra0000176. PMID: 27607767."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lehavot, 2021",
          "ref": "Lehavot K, Millard SP, Thomas RM, Yantsides K, Upham M, Beckman K, Hamilton AB, Sadler A, Litz B, Simpson T. A randomized trial of an online, coach-assisted self-management PTSD intervention tailored for women veterans. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2021 Feb;89(2):134-142. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000556. PMID: 33705169; PMCID: PMC8238393."
        },
        {
          "study": "Maguen, 2017",
          "ref": "Maguen S, Burkman KM, Madden E, et al. Impact of killing in war: a randomized, controlled pilot trial. J Clin Psychol. 2017 Sep;73(9):997-1012. doi: 10.1002/jclp.22471. PMID: 28294318."
        },
        {
          "study": "McGeary, 2022",
          "ref": "McGeary DD, Resick PA, Penzien DB, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy for veterans with comorbid posttraumatic headache and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurol. 2022;79(8):746-57. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.1567. PMID: 35759281."
        },
        {
          "study": "Spence, 2011",
          "ref": "Spence J, Titov N, Dear BF, et al. Randomized controlled trial of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2011 Jul;28(7):541-50. doi: 10.1002/da.20835. PMID: 21721073."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ulmer, 2011",
          "ref": "Ulmer CS, Edinger JD, Calhoun PS. A multi-component cognitive-behavioral intervention for sleep disturbance in veterans with PTSD: a pilot study. J Clin Sleep Med. 2011 Feb 15;7(1):57-68. PMID: 21344046."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wagner, 2007",
          "ref": "Wagner AW, Zatzick DF, Ghesquiere A, et al. Behavioral activation as an early intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder and depression among physically injured trauma survivors. Cogn Behav Pract. 2007 Nov;14(4):341-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2006.05.002."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2022",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Mohammed AF, Ismail AA, et al. A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial of a Novel, Culturally Adapted, Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for War-Related PTSD in Iraqi Women. Behav Ther. 2022 Jul;53(4):656-72. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2022.01.009. PMID: 35697429"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1515,
      "instr": "PCL",
      "full": "PTSD Checklist",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Fixed-effect",
      "k": 14,
      "k_es": 15,
      "sd": 11.051,
      "lo": 10.428,
      "hi": 11.712,
      "tau2": null,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": null,
      "phi": null,
      "i2": 97.7,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alsheikh Ali, 2020",
          "ref": "Alsheikh Ali ASS. Efficiency of Intervention Counseling Program on the Enhanced Psychological Well-being and Reduced Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Syrian Women Refugee Survivors. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2020 Jul 30;16(Suppl-1):134-141. doi: 10.2174/1745017902016010134. PMID: 33029190; PMCID: PMC7536727."
        },
        {
          "study": "Engel, 2015",
          "ref": "Engel CC, Litz B, Magruder KM, et al. Delivery of self training and education for stressful situations (DESTRESS-PC): a randomized trial of nurse assisted online self-management for PTSD in primary care. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2015 Jul-Aug;37(4):323-8. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2015.04.007. PMID: 25929985."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jain, 2020",
          "ref": "Jain S, Ortigo K, Gimeno J, Baldor DA, Weiss BJ, Cloitre M. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Brief Skills Training in Affective and Interpersonal Regulation (STAIR) for Veterans in Primary Care. J Trauma Stress. 2020 Aug;33(4):401-409. doi: 10.1002/jts.22523. Epub 2020 Jun 7. PMID: 32506563."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jarero, 2019",
          "ref": "Jarero I, Schnaider S, Givaudan M. Randomized controlled trial: Provision of EMDR protocol for recent critical incidents and ongoing traumatic stress to first responders. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research. 2019;13(2):100-10. doi: 10.1891/1933-3196.13.2.100."
        },
        {
          "study": "Karatzias, 2019",
          "ref": "Karatzias T, Brown M, Taggart L, et al. A mixed-methods, randomized controlled feasibility trial of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) plus Standard Care (SC) versus SC alone for DSM-5 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in adults with intellectual disabilities. J Appl Res Intellect Disabil. 2019 Jul;32(4):806-18. doi: 10.1111/jar.12570. PMID: 30714684."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koch, 2020",
          "ref": "Koch T, Ehring T, Liedl A. Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic group intervention to enhance emotion regulation in young Afghan refugees: A pilot randomized controlled study. Behav Res Ther. 2020 Jun 27;132:103689. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2020.103689. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32688046."
        },
        {
          "study": "Krupnick, 2017",
          "ref": "Krupnick JL, Green BL, Amdur RL, et al. An internet-based writing intervention for PTSD in veterans: a feasibility and pilot effectiveness trial. Psychol Trauma. 2017 Jul;9(4):461-70. doi: 10.1037/tra0000176. PMID: 27607767."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lehavot, 2021",
          "ref": "Lehavot K, Millard SP, Thomas RM, Yantsides K, Upham M, Beckman K, Hamilton AB, Sadler A, Litz B, Simpson T. A randomized trial of an online, coach-assisted self-management PTSD intervention tailored for women veterans. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2021 Feb;89(2):134-142. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000556. PMID: 33705169; PMCID: PMC8238393."
        },
        {
          "study": "Maguen, 2017",
          "ref": "Maguen S, Burkman KM, Madden E, et al. Impact of killing in war: a randomized, controlled pilot trial. J Clin Psychol. 2017 Sep;73(9):997-1012. doi: 10.1002/jclp.22471. PMID: 28294318."
        },
        {
          "study": "McGeary, 2022",
          "ref": "McGeary DD, Resick PA, Penzien DB, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy for veterans with comorbid posttraumatic headache and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurol. 2022;79(8):746-57. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.1567. PMID: 35759281."
        },
        {
          "study": "Spence, 2011",
          "ref": "Spence J, Titov N, Dear BF, et al. Randomized controlled trial of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2011 Jul;28(7):541-50. doi: 10.1002/da.20835. PMID: 21721073."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ulmer, 2011",
          "ref": "Ulmer CS, Edinger JD, Calhoun PS. A multi-component cognitive-behavioral intervention for sleep disturbance in veterans with PTSD: a pilot study. J Clin Sleep Med. 2011 Feb 15;7(1):57-68. PMID: 21344046."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wagner, 2007",
          "ref": "Wagner AW, Zatzick DF, Ghesquiere A, et al. Behavioral activation as an early intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder and depression among physically injured trauma survivors. Cogn Behav Pract. 2007 Nov;14(4):341-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2006.05.002."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2022",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Mohammed AF, Ismail AA, et al. A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial of a Novel, Culturally Adapted, Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for War-Related PTSD in Iraqi Women. Behav Ther. 2022 Jul;53(4):656-72. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2022.01.009. PMID: 35697429"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1516,
      "instr": "PCL",
      "full": "PTSD Checklist",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Outliers removed (sensitivity)",
      "k": 13,
      "k_es": 14,
      "sd": 12.094,
      "lo": 9.477,
      "hi": 15.434,
      "tau2": 0.1831,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 5.049,
      "phi": 28.966,
      "i2": 93.8,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alsheikh Ali, 2020",
          "ref": "Alsheikh Ali ASS. Efficiency of Intervention Counseling Program on the Enhanced Psychological Well-being and Reduced Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Syrian Women Refugee Survivors. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2020 Jul 30;16(Suppl-1):134-141. doi: 10.2174/1745017902016010134. PMID: 33029190; PMCID: PMC7536727."
        },
        {
          "study": "Engel, 2015",
          "ref": "Engel CC, Litz B, Magruder KM, et al. Delivery of self training and education for stressful situations (DESTRESS-PC): a randomized trial of nurse assisted online self-management for PTSD in primary care. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2015 Jul-Aug;37(4):323-8. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2015.04.007. PMID: 25929985."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jain, 2020",
          "ref": "Jain S, Ortigo K, Gimeno J, Baldor DA, Weiss BJ, Cloitre M. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Brief Skills Training in Affective and Interpersonal Regulation (STAIR) for Veterans in Primary Care. J Trauma Stress. 2020 Aug;33(4):401-409. doi: 10.1002/jts.22523. Epub 2020 Jun 7. PMID: 32506563."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jarero, 2019",
          "ref": "Jarero I, Schnaider S, Givaudan M. Randomized controlled trial: Provision of EMDR protocol for recent critical incidents and ongoing traumatic stress to first responders. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research. 2019;13(2):100-10. doi: 10.1891/1933-3196.13.2.100."
        },
        {
          "study": "Karatzias, 2019",
          "ref": "Karatzias T, Brown M, Taggart L, et al. A mixed-methods, randomized controlled feasibility trial of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) plus Standard Care (SC) versus SC alone for DSM-5 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in adults with intellectual disabilities. J Appl Res Intellect Disabil. 2019 Jul;32(4):806-18. doi: 10.1111/jar.12570. PMID: 30714684."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koch, 2020",
          "ref": "Koch T, Ehring T, Liedl A. Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic group intervention to enhance emotion regulation in young Afghan refugees: A pilot randomized controlled study. Behav Res Ther. 2020 Jun 27;132:103689. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2020.103689. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32688046."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lehavot, 2021",
          "ref": "Lehavot K, Millard SP, Thomas RM, Yantsides K, Upham M, Beckman K, Hamilton AB, Sadler A, Litz B, Simpson T. A randomized trial of an online, coach-assisted self-management PTSD intervention tailored for women veterans. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2021 Feb;89(2):134-142. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000556. PMID: 33705169; PMCID: PMC8238393."
        },
        {
          "study": "Maguen, 2017",
          "ref": "Maguen S, Burkman KM, Madden E, et al. Impact of killing in war: a randomized, controlled pilot trial. J Clin Psychol. 2017 Sep;73(9):997-1012. doi: 10.1002/jclp.22471. PMID: 28294318."
        },
        {
          "study": "McGeary, 2022",
          "ref": "McGeary DD, Resick PA, Penzien DB, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy for veterans with comorbid posttraumatic headache and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurol. 2022;79(8):746-57. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.1567. PMID: 35759281."
        },
        {
          "study": "Spence, 2011",
          "ref": "Spence J, Titov N, Dear BF, et al. Randomized controlled trial of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2011 Jul;28(7):541-50. doi: 10.1002/da.20835. PMID: 21721073."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ulmer, 2011",
          "ref": "Ulmer CS, Edinger JD, Calhoun PS. A multi-component cognitive-behavioral intervention for sleep disturbance in veterans with PTSD: a pilot study. J Clin Sleep Med. 2011 Feb 15;7(1):57-68. PMID: 21344046."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wagner, 2007",
          "ref": "Wagner AW, Zatzick DF, Ghesquiere A, et al. Behavioral activation as an early intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder and depression among physically injured trauma survivors. Cogn Behav Pract. 2007 Nov;14(4):341-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2006.05.002."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2022",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Mohammed AF, Ismail AA, et al. A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial of a Novel, Culturally Adapted, Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for War-Related PTSD in Iraqi Women. Behav Ther. 2022 Jul;53(4):656-72. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2022.01.009. PMID: 35697429"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1517,
      "instr": "PCL",
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        {
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          "ref": "Karatzias T, Brown M, Taggart L, et al. A mixed-methods, randomized controlled feasibility trial of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) plus Standard Care (SC) versus SC alone for DSM-5 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in adults with intellectual disabilities. J Appl Res Intellect Disabil. 2019 Jul;32(4):806-18. doi: 10.1111/jar.12570. PMID: 30714684."
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          "ref": "Koch T, Ehring T, Liedl A. Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic group intervention to enhance emotion regulation in young Afghan refugees: A pilot randomized controlled study. Behav Res Ther. 2020 Jun 27;132:103689. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2020.103689. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32688046."
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          "ref": "McGeary DD, Resick PA, Penzien DB, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy for veterans with comorbid posttraumatic headache and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurol. 2022;79(8):746-57. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.1567. PMID: 35759281."
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          "ref": "Spence J, Titov N, Dear BF, et al. Randomized controlled trial of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2011 Jul;28(7):541-50. doi: 10.1002/da.20835. PMID: 21721073."
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          "study": "Ulmer, 2011",
          "ref": "Ulmer CS, Edinger JD, Calhoun PS. A multi-component cognitive-behavioral intervention for sleep disturbance in veterans with PTSD: a pilot study. J Clin Sleep Med. 2011 Feb 15;7(1):57-68. PMID: 21344046."
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          "ref": "Wagner AW, Zatzick DF, Ghesquiere A, et al. Behavioral activation as an early intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder and depression among physically injured trauma survivors. Cogn Behav Pract. 2007 Nov;14(4):341-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2006.05.002."
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          "ref": "Zemestani M, Mohammed AF, Ismail AA, et al. A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial of a Novel, Culturally Adapted, Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for War-Related PTSD in Iraqi Women. Behav Ther. 2022 Jul;53(4):656-72. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2022.01.009. PMID: 35697429"
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    },
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      "full": "Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale",
      "indication": null,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Butler, 2018",
          "ref": "Butler O, Willmund G, Gleich T, et al. Hippocampal gray matter increases following multimodal psychological treatment for combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Brain Behav. 2018 May;8(5):e00956. doi: 10.1002/brb3.956. PMID: 29761009."
        },
        {
          "study": "Duffy, 2007",
          "ref": "Duffy M, Gillespie K, Clark DM. Post-traumatic stress disorder in the context of terrorism and other civil conflict in Northern Ireland: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2007 Jun 2;334(7604):1147-50. doi: 10.1136/bmj.39021.846852.BE. PMID: 17495988."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dunne, 2012",
          "ref": "Dunne RL, Kenardy JA, Sterling M. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of PTSD in the context of chronic whiplash. Clin J Pain. 2012 Nov-Dec;28(9):755-65. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e318243e16b. PMID: 22209798."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ehlers, 2005",
          "ref": "Ehlers A, Clark DM, Hackmann A, McManus F, Fennell M. Cognitive therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: development and evaluation. Behav Res Ther. 2005 Apr;43(4):413-31. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2004.03.006. PMID: 15701354."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ivarsson, 2014",
          "ref": "Ivarsson D, Blom M, Hesser H, et al. Guided internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv. 2014 March;1(1):33-40. doi: 10.1016/j.invent.2014.03.002."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kent, 2011",
          "ref": "Kent M, Davis MC, Stark SL, et al. A resilience-oriented treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder: results of a preliminary randomized clinical trial. J Trauma Stress. 2011 Oct;24(5):591-5. doi: 10.1002/jts.20685. PMID: 21898603."
        },
        {
          "study": "Knaevelsrud, 2015",
          "ref": "Knaevelsrud C, Brand J, Lange A, et al. Web-based psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder in war-traumatized Arab patients: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2015 Mar 20;17(3):e71. doi: 10.2196/jmir.3582. PMID: 25799024."
        },
        {
          "study": "Knaevelsrud, 2017",
          "ref": "Knaevelsrud C, Böttche M, Pietrzak RH, et al. Efficacy and feasibility of a therapist-guided internet-based intervention for older persons with childhood traumatization: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2017 Aug;25(8):878-88. doi: 10.1016/j.jagp.2017.02.024. PMID: 28365000."
        },
        {
          "study": "Neuner, 2010",
          "ref": "Neuner F, Kurreck S, Ruf M, et al. Can asylum-seekers with posttraumatic stress disorder be successfully treated? A randomized controlled pilot study. Cogn Behav Ther. 2010;39(2):81-91. doi: 10.1080/16506070903121042. PMID: 19816834."
        },
        {
          "study": "Raabe, 2022",
          "ref": "Raabe S, Ehring T, Marquenie L, et al. Imagery rescripting as a stand-alone treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse: a randomized controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2022;77:101769. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101769. PMID: 36113906."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2012",
          "ref": "Wells A, Colbear JS. Treating posttraumatic stress disorder with metacognitive therapy: a preliminary controlled trial. J Clin Psychol. 2012 Apr;68(4):373-81. doi: 10.1002/jclp.20871. PMID: 24469928."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2015",
          "ref": "Wells A, Walton D, Lovell K, et al. Metacognitive therapy versus prolonged exposure in adults with chronic post-traumatic stress disorder. Cognit Ther Res. 2015 February;39(1):70-80. doi: 10.1007/s10608-014-9636-6."
        }
      ]
    },
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Butler, 2018",
          "ref": "Butler O, Willmund G, Gleich T, et al. Hippocampal gray matter increases following multimodal psychological treatment for combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Brain Behav. 2018 May;8(5):e00956. doi: 10.1002/brb3.956. PMID: 29761009."
        },
        {
          "study": "Duffy, 2007",
          "ref": "Duffy M, Gillespie K, Clark DM. Post-traumatic stress disorder in the context of terrorism and other civil conflict in Northern Ireland: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2007 Jun 2;334(7604):1147-50. doi: 10.1136/bmj.39021.846852.BE. PMID: 17495988."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dunne, 2012",
          "ref": "Dunne RL, Kenardy JA, Sterling M. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of PTSD in the context of chronic whiplash. Clin J Pain. 2012 Nov-Dec;28(9):755-65. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e318243e16b. PMID: 22209798."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ehlers, 2005",
          "ref": "Ehlers A, Clark DM, Hackmann A, McManus F, Fennell M. Cognitive therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: development and evaluation. Behav Res Ther. 2005 Apr;43(4):413-31. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2004.03.006. PMID: 15701354."
        },
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          "ref": "Wells A, Colbear JS. Treating posttraumatic stress disorder with metacognitive therapy: a preliminary controlled trial. J Clin Psychol. 2012 Apr;68(4):373-81. doi: 10.1002/jclp.20871. PMID: 24469928."
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          "ref": "Wells A, Walton D, Lovell K, et al. Metacognitive therapy versus prolonged exposure in adults with chronic post-traumatic stress disorder. Cognit Ther Res. 2015 February;39(1):70-80. doi: 10.1007/s10608-014-9636-6."
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        {
          "study": "Addis, 2004",
          "ref": "Addis ME, Hatgis C, Krasnow AD, et al. Effectiveness of cognitive--behavioral treatment for panic disorder versus treatment as usual in a managed care setting. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology 2004;72(4):625-35."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barlow, 2000",
          "ref": "Barlow DH, Gorman JM, Shear MK, et al. Cognitive-behavioral therapy, imipramine, or their combination for panic disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Jama 2000;283(19):2529-36."
        },
        {
          "study": "Botella, 2007",
          "ref": "Botella, C. García-Palacios, A. Villa, H. Baños, R. M. Quero, S. Alcañiz, M. Riva, G. Virtual reality exposure in the treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia: A controlled study. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy 2007. 14(4)164-75."
        },
        {
          "study": "Goldstein, 2000",
          "ref": "Goldstein AJ, De Beurs E, Chambless DL, Wilson KA. EMDR for panic disorder with agoraphobia: comparison with waiting list and credible attention-placebo control conditions. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2000;68(6):947–56."
        },
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          "ref": "Oromendia P, Orrego J, Bonillo A, et al. Internet-based self-help treatment for panic disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing mandatory versus optional complementary psychological support. Cognitive behaviour therapy 2016;45(4):270-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ruwaard, 2010",
          "ref": "Ruwaard J, Broeksteeg J, Schrieken B, et al. Web-based therapist-assisted cognitive behavioral treatment of panic symptoms: a randomized controlled trial with a three-year follow-up. Journal of anxiety disorders 2010;24(4):387-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "van Ballegooijen, 2013",
          "ref": "van Ballegooijen W, Riper H, Klein B, et al. An Internet-based guided self-help intervention for panic symptoms: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical internet research 2013;15(7):e154."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        },
        {
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          "ref": "Guertler D, Krause K, Moehring A, Bischof G, Batra A, Freyer-Adam J, et al. E-Health intervention for subthreshold depression: Reach and two-year effects of a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2023;339:33-42."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Lambert, J. D., Greaves, C. J., Farr, P., Price, L., Haase, A. M., & Taylor, A. H. Web-Based Intervention Using Behavioral Activation and Physical Activity for Adults With Depression (The eMotion Study): Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(7), e10112."
        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Ruehlman, 2021",
          "ref": "Ruehlman, L. and P. Karoly (2021). \"A pilot test of Internet-delivered brief interactive training sessions for depression: Evaluating dropout, uptake, adherence, and outcome.\" Journal of American college health : J of ACH: 1-9."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        },
        {
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        {
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          "ref": "Ruehlman, L. and P. Karoly (2021). \"A pilot test of Internet-delivered brief interactive training sessions for depression: Evaluating dropout, uptake, adherence, and outcome.\" Journal of American college health : J of ACH: 1-9."
        }
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        {
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Ruehlman, 2021",
          "ref": "Ruehlman, L. and P. Karoly (2021). \"A pilot test of Internet-delivered brief interactive training sessions for depression: Evaluating dropout, uptake, adherence, and outcome.\" Journal of American college health : J of ACH: 1-9."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "PHQ-8",
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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          "ref": "Ruehlman, L. and P. Karoly (2021). \"A pilot test of Internet-delivered brief interactive training sessions for depression: Evaluating dropout, uptake, adherence, and outcome.\" Journal of American college health : J of ACH: 1-9."
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    },
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Ruehlman, 2021",
          "ref": "Ruehlman, L. and P. Karoly (2021). \"A pilot test of Internet-delivered brief interactive training sessions for depression: Evaluating dropout, uptake, adherence, and outcome.\" Journal of American college health : J of ACH: 1-9."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "PHQ-8",
      "full": "Patient Health Questionnaire - 8 item version",
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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          "ref": "Lambert, J. D., Greaves, C. J., Farr, P., Price, L., Haase, A. M., & Taylor, A. H. Web-Based Intervention Using Behavioral Activation and Physical Activity for Adults With Depression (The eMotion Study): Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(7), e10112."
        },
        {
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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    },
    {
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        },
        {
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        {
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        {
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          "ref": "Ruehlman, L. and P. Karoly (2021). \"A pilot test of Internet-delivered brief interactive training sessions for depression: Evaluating dropout, uptake, adherence, and outcome.\" Journal of American college health : J of ACH: 1-9."
        }
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    {
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      "tau2": 0.0035,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 4.622,
      "phi": 6.149,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Guertler, 2023",
          "ref": "Guertler D, Krause K, Moehring A, Bischof G, Batra A, Freyer-Adam J, et al. E-Health intervention for subthreshold depression: Reach and two-year effects of a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2023;339:33-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lambert, 2018",
          "ref": "Lambert, J. D., Greaves, C. J., Farr, P., Price, L., Haase, A. M., & Taylor, A. H. Web-Based Intervention Using Behavioral Activation and Physical Activity for Adults With Depression (The eMotion Study): Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(7), e10112."
        },
        {
          "study": "Moskowitz, 2021",
          "ref": "Moskowitz, J. T., Addington, E. L., Shiu, E., Bassett, S. M., Schuette, S., Kwok, I., Freedman, M. E., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., Cohn, M. A., & Cheung, E. O. Facilitator Contact, Discussion Boards, and Virtual Badges as Adherence Enhancements to a Web-Based, Self-guided, Positive Psychological Intervention for Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 23(9), e25922."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ruehlman, 2021",
          "ref": "Ruehlman, L. and P. Karoly (2021). \"A pilot test of Internet-delivered brief interactive training sessions for depression: Evaluating dropout, uptake, adherence, and outcome.\" Journal of American college health : J of ACH: 1-9."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1624,
      "instr": "PHQ-9",
      "full": "Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 item version",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 138,
      "k_es": 158,
      "sd": 5.021,
      "lo": 4.777,
      "hi": 5.277,
      "tau2": 0.0819,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 2.859,
      "phi": 8.817,
      "i2": 96.2,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abas, 2018",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Abbas, 2023a",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Clarke, 2019",
          "ref": "Clarke, J., Sanatkar, S., Baldwin, P. A., Fletcher, S., Gunn, J., Wilhelm, K., Campbell, L., Zwar, N., Harris, M., Lapsley, H., Hadzi-Pavlovic, D., Christensen, H., & Proudfoot, J. (2019). A Web-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy Intervention to Improve Social and Occupational Functioning in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes (The SpringboarD Trial): Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 21(5), e12246."
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        },
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          "study": "Funderburk, 2021",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Gilbody, 2021",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "ref": "Klein, J. P., Berger, T., Schröder, J., Späth, C., Meyer, B., Caspar, F., Lutz, W., Arndt, A., Greiner, W., Gräfe, V., Hautzinger, M., Fuhr, K., Rose, M., Nolte, S., Löwe, B., Anderssoni, G., Vettorazzi, E., Moritz, S., & Hohagen, F. (2016). Effects of a Psychological Internet Intervention in the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Depressive Symptoms: Results of the EVIDENT Study, a Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 85(4), 218-228."
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        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1625,
      "instr": "PHQ-9",
      "full": "Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 item version",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Three-level CHE model",
      "k": 138,
      "k_es": 158,
      "sd": 5.019,
      "lo": 4.773,
      "hi": 5.277,
      "tau2": 0.0775,
      "tau2w": 0.005,
      "plo": 2.852,
      "phi": 8.833,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abas, 2018",
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        },
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          "study": "Abbas, 2023a",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Bae, 2023",
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        },
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          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Deady, 2016",
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          "ref": "Dimidjian, S., Goodman, S., Sherwood, N., Simon, G., Ludman, E., Gallop, R., . . . Beck, A. (2017). A Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial of Behavioral Activation for Depressed Pregnant Women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(1), 26-36"
        },
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          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
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        },
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          "study": "Dwight-Johnson, 2011",
          "ref": "Dwight-Johnson M, Aisenberg E, Golinelli D, Hong S, O'Brien M, Ludman E. Telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for Latino patients living in rural areas: A randomized pilot study. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(8):936-42."
        },
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          "study": "Forand, 2018",
          "ref": "Forand NR, Barnett JG, Strunk DR, Hindiyeh MU, Feinberg JE, Keefe JR. Efficacy of Guided iCBT for Depression and Mediation of Change by Cognitive Skill Acquisition. Behavior Therapy 2018; 49(2): 295-307."
        },
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          "study": "Forman-Hoffman, 2024",
          "ref": "Forman-Hoffman, V. L., Sihvonen, S., Wielgosz, J., Kuhn, E., Nelson, B. W., Peiper, N. C., & Gould, C. E. (2024). Therapist-supported digital mental health intervention for depressive symptoms: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 349, 494-501. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.057"
        },
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          "study": "Frangou, 2021",
          "ref": "Frangou, E., Bertelli, G., Love, S., Mackean, M. J., Glasspool, R. M., Fotopoulou, C., Cook, A., Nicum, S., Lord, R., Ferguson, M., Roux, R. L., Martinez, M., Butcher, C., Hulbert-Williams, N., Howells, L., & Blagden, S. P. (2021). OVPSYCH2: A randomized controlled trial of psychological support versus standard of care following chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol, 162(2), 431-439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.05.024"
        },
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          "study": "Fuhr, 2019",
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        },
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          "study": "Funderburk, 2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Gilbody, 2017",
          "ref": "Gilbody S, Brabyn S, Lovell K, Kessler D, Devlin T, Smith L, Araya R, Barkham M, Bower P, Cooper C, Knowles S, Littlewood E, Richards DA, Tallon D, White D, Worthy G; REEACT collaborative. Telephone-supported computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy: REEACT-2 large-scale pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2017 May;210(5):362-367. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.116.192435. Epub 2017 Mar 2. PMID: 28254959."
        },
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          "study": "Gilbody, 2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Gilbody, 2024",
          "ref": "Gilbody, S., Littlewood, E., McMillan, D., Atha, L., Bailey, D., Baird, K., . . . Ekers, D. (2024). Behavioural activation to mitigate the psychological impacts of COVID-19 restrictions on older people in England and Wales (BASIL+): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Healthy Longevity, 5(2), e97-e107. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/s2666-7568(23)00238-6"
        },
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          "study": "Gitlin, 2013",
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        },
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          "study": "Glozier, 2013",
          "ref": "Glozier N, Christensen H, Naismith S, Cockayne N, Donkin L, Neal B, et al. Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for adults with mild to moderate depression and high cardiovascular disease risks: A randomised attention-controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e59139."
        },
        {
          "study": "Graham, 2020",
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        },
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          "study": "Guo, 2020",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Kladnitski, 2020",
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        },
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          "ref": "Klein, J. P., Berger, T., Schröder, J., Späth, C., Meyer, B., Caspar, F., Lutz, W., Arndt, A., Greiner, W., Gräfe, V., Hautzinger, M., Fuhr, K., Rose, M., Nolte, S., Löwe, B., Anderssoni, G., Vettorazzi, E., Moritz, S., & Hohagen, F. (2016). Effects of a Psychological Internet Intervention in the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Depressive Symptoms: Results of the EVIDENT Study, a Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 85(4), 218-228."
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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        },
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          "study": "Ying, 2022",
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "PHQ-9",
      "full": "Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 item version",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Fixed-effect",
      "k": 138,
      "k_es": 158,
      "sd": 5.103,
      "lo": 5.055,
      "hi": 5.151,
      "tau2": null,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": null,
      "phi": null,
      "i2": 96.2,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abas, 2018",
          "ref": "Abas M, Nyamayaro P, Bere T, et al. Feasibility and acceptability of a task-shifted intervention to enhance adherence to HIV medication and improve depression in people living with HIV in Zimbabwe, a low income country in sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS and Behavior 2018; 22(1): 86-101."
        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2025",
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        },
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
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      "k_es": 104,
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      "tau2": 0.0043,
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      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Ahmed, 2025",
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          "ref": "Torres-Platas SG, Escobar S, Belliveau C, Wu J, Sasi N, Fotso J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Intervention for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. and Psychosomatics. 2019;88(4):254-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
          "ref": "Tully, P. J., Turnbull, D. A., Horowitz, J. D., Beltrame, J. F., Baune, B. T., Sauer-Zavala, S., . . . Wittert, G. A. (2022). Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Results From the CHAMPS Pilot-Feasibility Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.741039"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2023",
          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wiechers, 2023",
          "ref": "Wiechers M, Strupf M, Bajbouj M, Böge K, Karnouk C, Goerigk S, et al. Empowerment group therapy for refugees with affective disorders: results of a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Eur Psychiatry. 2023;66(1):e64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2025",
          "ref": "Yan S, Zhong S, Lyu S, Lai S, Zhang Y, Luo Y, et al. A randomized trial of virtual reality eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy for major depressive disorder with childhood trauma: A 3-month follow-up study. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. 2025."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1628,
      "instr": "PHQ-9",
      "full": "Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 item version",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Influence analysis (sensitivity)",
      "k": 134,
      "k_es": 153,
      "sd": 5.204,
      "lo": 5.021,
      "hi": 5.393,
      "tau2": 0.0381,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.543,
      "phi": 7.643,
      "i2": 92.3,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
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        },
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          "study": "Abbas, 2023a",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Bae, 2023",
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        },
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          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
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        },
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          "study": "Frangou, 2021",
          "ref": "Frangou, E., Bertelli, G., Love, S., Mackean, M. J., Glasspool, R. M., Fotopoulou, C., Cook, A., Nicum, S., Lord, R., Ferguson, M., Roux, R. L., Martinez, M., Butcher, C., Hulbert-Williams, N., Howells, L., & Blagden, S. P. (2021). OVPSYCH2: A randomized controlled trial of psychological support versus standard of care following chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol, 162(2), 431-439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.05.024"
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Gilbody, 2021",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Guo, 2020",
          "ref": "Guo Y, Hong YA, Cai W, et al. Effect of a WeChat-Based Intervention (Run4Love) on Depressive Symptoms Among People Living With HIV in China: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(2):e16715."
        },
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        },
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "PHQ-9",
      "full": "Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 item version",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Age group",
      "sgv": "Adults",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
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      "k_es": 122,
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      "lo": 4.777,
      "hi": 5.362,
      "tau2": 0.0848,
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      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
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          "ref": "Powers, A., Lathan, E. C., Dixon, H. D., Mekawi, Y., Hinrichs, R., Carter, S., . . . Kaslow, N. J. (2023). Primary care-based mindfulness intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms among Black adults: A pilot feasibility and acceptability randomized controlled trial. Psychol Trauma, 15(5), 858-867."
        },
        {
          "study": "Reins, 2019",
          "ref": "Reins, J. A., Boß, L., Lehr, D., Berking, M., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). The more I got, the less I need? Efficacy of Internet-based guided self-help compared to online psychoeducation for major depressive disorder. Journal of, 246, 695-705. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.065"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2020",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Enrique, A., Eilert, N., Franklin, M., Palacios, J., Duffy, D., . . . Timulak, L. (2020). A pragmatic randomized waitlist-controlled effectiveness and cost-effectiveness trial of digital interventions for depression and anxiety. npj Digital Medicine, 3(1). doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0293-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rosso, 2017",
          "ref": "Rosso, I. M., Killgore, W. D., Olson, E. A., Webb, C. A., Fukunaga, R., Auerbach, R. P., Gogel, H., Buchholz, J. L., & Rauch, S. L. Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 34(3), 236-245. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5540163/pdf/nihms884093.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell, 2020",
          "ref": "Russell, A., Gaunt, D. M., Cooper, K., Barton, S., Horwood, J., Kessler, D., . . . et al. (2019). The feasibility of low-intensity psychological therapy for depression co-occurring with autism in adults: the Autism Depression Trial (ADEPT) – a pilot randomised controlled trial. Autism. doi:10.1177/1362361319889272"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sadeh-Sharvit, 2023",
          "ref": "Sadeh-Sharvit, S., Camp, T. D., Horton, S. E., Hefner, J. D., Berry, J. M., Grossman, E., & Hollon, S. D. (2023). Effects of an artificial intelligence platform for behavioral interventions on depression and anxiety symptoms: randomized clinical trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e46781."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sander, 2020",
          "ref": "Sander LB, Paganini S, Terhorst Y, et al. Effectiveness of a Guided Web-Based Self-help Intervention to Prevent Depression in Patients with Persistent Back Pain: The PROD-BP Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2020;77(10):1001-1011."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scazufca, 2022",
          "ref": "Scazufca, M., Nakamura, C. A., Seward, N., Moreno-Agostino, D., van de Ven, P., Hollingworth, W., . . . Araya, R. (2022). A task-shared, collaborative care psychosocial intervention for improving depressive symptomatology among older adults in a socioeconomically deprived area of Brazil (PROACTIVE): a pragmatic, two-arm, parallel-group, cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet Healthy Longev, 3(10), e690-e702. doi:10.1016/s2666-7568(22)00194-5"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaeuffele, 2022",
          "ref": "Schaeuffele C, Homeyer S, Perea L, et al. The unified protocol as an Internet-based intervention for emotional disorders: randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022;17:e0270178."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schure, 2019",
          "ref": "Schure, M. B., Lindow, J. C., Greist, J. H., Nakonezny, P. A., Bailey, S. J., Bryan, W. L., & Byerly, M. J. (2019). Use of a Fully Automated Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy Intervention in a Community Population of Adults With Depression Symptoms: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 21(11), e14754. doi:10.2196/14754"
        },
        {
          "study": "Segal, 2020",
          "ref": "Segal, Z. V., Dimidjian, S., Beck, A., Boggs, J. M., Vanderkruik, R., Metcalf, C. A., . . . Levy, J. (2020). Outcomes of Online Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Patients with Residual Depressive Symptoms: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(6), 563-573. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.4693"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheeber, 2017",
          "ref": "Sheeber, L., Feil, E., Seeley, J., Leve, C., Gau, J., Davis, B., . . . Allan, S. (2017). Mom-net: evaluation of an internet-facilitated cognitive behavioral intervention for low-income depressed mothers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(4), 355-366."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sikander, 2019",
          "ref": "Sikander, S., Ahmad, I., Atif, N., Zaidi, A., Vanobberghen, F., Weiss, H. A., . . . Rahman, A. (2019). Delivering the Thinking Healthy Programme for perinatal depression through volunteer peers: a cluster randomised controlled trial in Pakistan. The Lancet Psychiatry, 6(2), 128-139. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30467-X"
        },
        {
          "study": "Silverstone, 2017",
          "ref": "Silverstone, P. H., Rittenbach, K., Suen, V. Y. M., Moretzsohn, A., Cribben, I., Bercov, M., . . . Trew, M. (2017). Depression outcomes in adults attending family practice were not improved by screening, stepped-care, or online CBT during a 12-week study when compared to controls in a randomized trial."
        },
        {
          "study": "Smith, 2017",
          "ref": "Smith, J., Newby, J. M., Burston, N., Murphy, M. J., Michael, S., Mackenzie, A., . . . Andrews, G. (2017). Help from home for depression: A randomised controlled trial comparing internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy with bibliotherapy for depression. Internet Interventions, 9, 25-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Spruill, 2021",
          "ref": "Spruill, T. M., Friedman, D., Diaz, L., Butler, M. J., Goldfeld, K. S., O'Kula, S., . . . Devinsky, O. (2021). Telephone-based depression self-management in Hispanic adults with epilepsy: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Transl Behav Med, 11(7), 1451-1460. doi:10.1093/tbm/ibab045"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stiles-Shields, 2018",
          "ref": "Stiles-Shields, C., Montague, E., Kwasny, M. J., & Mohr, D. C. (2019). Behavioral and cognitive intervention strategies delivered via coached apps for depression: Pilot trial. Psychological services, 16(2), 233-238. doi:10.1037/ser0000261"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stuart, 2022",
          "ref": "StuartRoderick, HeidiFischer, SLeitzke, A., DavidaBecker, NeetaSaheba, & JColeman, K. (2022). The Effectiveness of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for the Treatment of Depression in a Large Real-World Primary Care Practice: A Randomized Trial. The Permanente Journal, 26(3), 53-60. https://doi.org/doi:10.7812/TPP/21.183"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sugg, 2018",
          "ref": "Sugg HVR, Richards DA, Frost J. Morita Therapy for depression (Morita Trial): a pilot randomised controlled trial. BMJ open 2018; 8(8)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2011",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., et al. (2011). Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 441–452."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
          "ref": "Tully, P. J., Turnbull, D. A., Horowitz, J. D., Beltrame, J. F., Baune, B. T., Sauer-Zavala, S., . . . Wittert, G. A. (2022). Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Results From the CHAMPS Pilot-Feasibility Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.741039"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
          "ref": "van Luenen, S., Garnefski, N., Spinhoven, P., & Kraaij, V. (2018). Guided internet-based intervention for people with HIV and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial in the Netherlands. The lancet HIV, 5(9), e488-e497."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2023",
          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wiechers, 2023",
          "ref": "Wiechers M, Strupf M, Bajbouj M, Böge K, Karnouk C, Goerigk S, et al. Empowerment group therapy for refugees with affective disorders: results of a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Eur Psychiatry. 2023;66(1):e64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2018",
          "ref": "Williams C, McClay CA, Matthews L, et al. Community-based group guided self-help intervention for low mood and stress: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry 2018; 212(2): 88-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wright, 2022",
          "ref": "Wright, J. H., Owen, J., Eells, T. D., Antle, B., Bishop, L. B., Girdler, R., . . . Ali, S. (2022). Effect of Computer-Assisted Cognitive Behavior Therapy vs Usual Care on Depression Among Adults in Primary Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open, 5(2), e2146716. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.46716"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2025",
          "ref": "Yan S, Zhong S, Lyu S, Lai S, Zhang Y, Luo Y, et al. A randomized trial of virtual reality eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy for major depressive disorder with childhood trauma: A 3-month follow-up study. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. 2025."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1630,
      "instr": "PHQ-9",
      "full": "Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 item version",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Age group",
      "sgv": "Adults",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 138,
      "k_es": 158,
      "sd": 5.019,
      "lo": 4.773,
      "hi": 5.277,
      "tau2": 0.0775,
      "tau2w": 0.005,
      "plo": 2.852,
      "phi": 8.833,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abas, 2018",
          "ref": "Abas M, Nyamayaro P, Bere T, et al. Feasibility and acceptability of a task-shifted intervention to enhance adherence to HIV medication and improve depression in people living with HIV in Zimbabwe, a low income country in sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS and Behavior 2018; 22(1): 86-101."
        },
        {
          "study": "Abbas, 2023a",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Abbas, 2023b",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Ahmed, 2025",
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        },
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          "study": "Arjadi, 2018",
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        },
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          "study": "Bae, 2023",
          "ref": "Bae, J. H., Park, E. H., Lee, H. K., Yoon, K. H., Won, K. C., Kim, H. M., & Kim, S. G. (2024). Enhancing Diabetes Care through a Mobile Application: A Randomized Clinical Trial on Integrating Physical and Mental Health among Disadvantaged Individuals. Diabetes Metab J. https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0298 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
          "ref": "Bathgate, C. J., Kilbourn, K. M., Murphy, N. H., Wamboldt, F. S., & Holm, K. E. (2022). Pilot RCT of a telehealth intervention to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, 21(2), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.012"
        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Bedard, 2014",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Bedford, 2018",
          "ref": "Bedford LA, Dietch JR, Taylor DJ, Boals A, Zayfert C. Computer-Guided Problem-Solving Treatment for Depression, PTSD, and Insomnia Symptoms in Student Veterans: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior therapy 2018-49(5): 756‐67."
        },
        {
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        },
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          "study": "Berman, 2022",
          "ref": "Berman, M. I., Park, J., Kragenbrink, M. E., & Hegel, M. T. (2022). Accept Yourself! A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Self-Acceptance-Based Treatment for Large-Bodied Women With Depression. Behav Ther, 53(5), 913-926. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.03.002"
        },
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          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
          "ref": "Bolinski, F., Kleiboer, A., Neijenhuijs, K., Karyotaki, E., Wiers, R., de Koning, L., . . . Riper, H. (2022). Challenges in Recruiting University Students for Web-Based Indicated Prevention of Depression and Anxiety: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial (ICare Prevent). J Med Internet Res, 24(12), e40892. doi:10.2196/4089"
        },
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          "study": "Burns, 2013",
          "ref": "Burns A, O'Mahen H, Baxter H, Bennert K, Wiles N, Ramchandani P, et al. A pilot randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for antenatal depression. BMC psychiatry. 2013;13:33."
        },
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          "study": "Chen, 2023",
          "ref": "Chen, X., Zeng, M., Chen, C., Zhu, D., Chen, L., & Jiang, Z. (2023). Efficacy of Psycho-Cardiology therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with mild anxiety and depression. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 9. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1031255"
        },
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          "study": "Choi, 2012",
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        },
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          "study": "Clarke, 2019",
          "ref": "Clarke, J., Sanatkar, S., Baldwin, P. A., Fletcher, S., Gunn, J., Wilhelm, K., Campbell, L., Zwar, N., Harris, M., Lapsley, H., Hadzi-Pavlovic, D., Christensen, H., & Proudfoot, J. (2019). A Web-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy Intervention to Improve Social and Occupational Functioning in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes (The SpringboarD Trial): Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 21(5), e12246."
        },
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          "study": "Cooper, 2024",
          "ref": "Cooper, Z. W., Mowbray, O., Ali, M. K., & Johnson, L. C. M. (2024). Addressing depression and comorbid health conditions through solution-focused brief therapy in an integrated care setting: a randomized clinical trial. BMC Prim Care, 25(1), 313. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-024-02561-8"
        },
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          "study": "Cramer, 2011",
          "ref": "Cramer H, Salisbury C, Conrad J, Eldred J, Araya R. Group cognitive behavioural therapy for women with depression: Pilot and feasibility study for a randomised controlled trial using mixed methods. BMC psychiatry. 2011;11:82."
        },
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          "study": "Cuijpers, 2022a",
          "ref": "Cuijpers, P., Heim, E., Abi Ramia, J., Burchert, S., Carswell, K., Cornelisz, I., . . . El Chammay, R. (2022). Effects of a WHO-guided digital health intervention for depression in Syrian refugees in Lebanon: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS Med, 19(6), e1004025. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1004025"
        },
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          "ref": "Cuijpers, P., Heim, E., Ramia, J. A., Burchert, S., Carswell, K., Cornelisz, I., . . . El Chammay, R. (2022). Guided digital health intervention for depression in Lebanon: randomised trial. Evidence Based Mental Health, 25(e1), e34. doi:10.1136/ebmental-2021-300416"
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        },
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          "study": "Deady, 2016",
          "ref": "Deady, M., Mills, K. L., Teesson, M., & Kay-Lambkin, F. (2016). An Online Intervention for Co-Occurring Depression and Problematic Alcohol Use in Young People: Primary Outcomes From a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 18(3), e71"
        },
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          "study": "Dimidjian, 2017",
          "ref": "Dimidjian, S., Goodman, S., Sherwood, N., Simon, G., Ludman, E., Gallop, R., . . . Beck, A. (2017). A Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial of Behavioral Activation for Depressed Pregnant Women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(1), 26-36"
        },
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          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
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          "study": "Dwight-Johnson, 2011",
          "ref": "Dwight-Johnson M, Aisenberg E, Golinelli D, Hong S, O'Brien M, Ludman E. Telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for Latino patients living in rural areas: A randomized pilot study. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(8):936-42."
        },
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          "study": "Forand, 2018",
          "ref": "Forand NR, Barnett JG, Strunk DR, Hindiyeh MU, Feinberg JE, Keefe JR. Efficacy of Guided iCBT for Depression and Mediation of Change by Cognitive Skill Acquisition. Behavior Therapy 2018; 49(2): 295-307."
        },
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          "study": "Forman-Hoffman, 2024",
          "ref": "Forman-Hoffman, V. L., Sihvonen, S., Wielgosz, J., Kuhn, E., Nelson, B. W., Peiper, N. C., & Gould, C. E. (2024). Therapist-supported digital mental health intervention for depressive symptoms: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 349, 494-501. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.057"
        },
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          "study": "Frangou, 2021",
          "ref": "Frangou, E., Bertelli, G., Love, S., Mackean, M. J., Glasspool, R. M., Fotopoulou, C., Cook, A., Nicum, S., Lord, R., Ferguson, M., Roux, R. L., Martinez, M., Butcher, C., Hulbert-Williams, N., Howells, L., & Blagden, S. P. (2021). OVPSYCH2: A randomized controlled trial of psychological support versus standard of care following chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol, 162(2), 431-439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.05.024"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fuhr, 2019",
          "ref": "Fuhr, D. C., Weobong, B., Lazarus, A., Vanobberghen, F., Weiss, H. A., Singla, D. R., . . . Patel, V. (2019). Delivering the Thinking Healthy Programme for perinatal depression through peers: An individually randomised controlled trial in India. The Lancet Psychiatry, 6(2), 115-127. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30466-8"
        },
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          "study": "Funderburk, 2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Gilbody, 2017",
          "ref": "Gilbody S, Brabyn S, Lovell K, Kessler D, Devlin T, Smith L, Araya R, Barkham M, Bower P, Cooper C, Knowles S, Littlewood E, Richards DA, Tallon D, White D, Worthy G; REEACT collaborative. Telephone-supported computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy: REEACT-2 large-scale pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2017 May;210(5):362-367. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.116.192435. Epub 2017 Mar 2. PMID: 28254959."
        },
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          "study": "Gilbody, 2021",
          "ref": "Gilbody, S., et al. (2021). \"Can We Prevent Depression in At-Risk Older Adults Using Self-Help? The UK SHARD Trial of Behavioral Activation.\" American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry."
        },
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          "study": "Gilbody, 2024",
          "ref": "Gilbody, S., Littlewood, E., McMillan, D., Atha, L., Bailey, D., Baird, K., . . . Ekers, D. (2024). Behavioural activation to mitigate the psychological impacts of COVID-19 restrictions on older people in England and Wales (BASIL+): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Healthy Longevity, 5(2), e97-e107. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/s2666-7568(23)00238-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gitlin, 2013",
          "ref": "Gitlin LN, Harris LF, McCoy MC, Chernett NL, Pizzi LT, Jutkowitz E, et al. A home-based intervention to reduce depressive symptoms and improve quality of life in older African Americans: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;159(4):243-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Glozier, 2013",
          "ref": "Glozier N, Christensen H, Naismith S, Cockayne N, Donkin L, Neal B, et al. Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for adults with mild to moderate depression and high cardiovascular disease risks: A randomised attention-controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e59139."
        },
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          "ref": "Segal, Z. V., Dimidjian, S., Beck, A., Boggs, J. M., Vanderkruik, R., Metcalf, C. A., . . . Levy, J. (2020). Outcomes of Online Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Patients with Residual Depressive Symptoms: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(6), 563-573. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.4693"
        },
        {
          "study": "Serfaty, 2020",
          "ref": "Serfaty, M., King, M., Nazareth, I., Moorey, S., Aspden, T., Tookman, A., . . . Jones, L. (2019). Manualised cognitive and behavioural therapy in treating depression in advanced cancer: the CanTalk RCT. Health Technology Assessment, 23(19), 1‐106. doi:10.3310/hta23190"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheeber, 2017",
          "ref": "Sheeber, L., Feil, E., Seeley, J., Leve, C., Gau, J., Davis, B., . . . Allan, S. (2017). Mom-net: evaluation of an internet-facilitated cognitive behavioral intervention for low-income depressed mothers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(4), 355-366."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sikander, 2019",
          "ref": "Sikander, S., Ahmad, I., Atif, N., Zaidi, A., Vanobberghen, F., Weiss, H. A., . . . Rahman, A. (2019). Delivering the Thinking Healthy Programme for perinatal depression through volunteer peers: a cluster randomised controlled trial in Pakistan. The Lancet Psychiatry, 6(2), 128-139. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30467-X"
        },
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          "study": "Silverstone, 2017",
          "ref": "Silverstone, P. H., Rittenbach, K., Suen, V. Y. M., Moretzsohn, A., Cribben, I., Bercov, M., . . . Trew, M. (2017). Depression outcomes in adults attending family practice were not improved by screening, stepped-care, or online CBT during a 12-week study when compared to controls in a randomized trial."
        },
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          "study": "Smith, 2017",
          "ref": "Smith, J., Newby, J. M., Burston, N., Murphy, M. J., Michael, S., Mackenzie, A., . . . Andrews, G. (2017). Help from home for depression: A randomised controlled trial comparing internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy with bibliotherapy for depression. Internet Interventions, 9, 25-37."
        },
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          "study": "Spruill, 2021",
          "ref": "Spruill, T. M., Friedman, D., Diaz, L., Butler, M. J., Goldfeld, K. S., O'Kula, S., . . . Devinsky, O. (2021). Telephone-based depression self-management in Hispanic adults with epilepsy: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Transl Behav Med, 11(7), 1451-1460. doi:10.1093/tbm/ibab045"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stiles-Shields, 2018",
          "ref": "Stiles-Shields, C., Montague, E., Kwasny, M. J., & Mohr, D. C. (2019). Behavioral and cognitive intervention strategies delivered via coached apps for depression: Pilot trial. Psychological services, 16(2), 233-238. doi:10.1037/ser0000261"
        },
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          "study": "Stuart, 2022",
          "ref": "StuartRoderick, HeidiFischer, SLeitzke, A., DavidaBecker, NeetaSaheba, & JColeman, K. (2022). The Effectiveness of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for the Treatment of Depression in a Large Real-World Primary Care Practice: A Randomized Trial. The Permanente Journal, 26(3), 53-60. https://doi.org/doi:10.7812/TPP/21.183"
        },
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          "study": "Sugg, 2018",
          "ref": "Sugg HVR, Richards DA, Frost J. Morita Therapy for depression (Morita Trial): a pilot randomised controlled trial. BMJ open 2018; 8(8)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Thomas, 2019",
          "ref": "Thomas, S. A., Drummond, A. E., Lincoln, N. B., Palmer, R. L., das Nair, R., Latimer, N. R., . . . Topcu, G. (2019). Behavioural activation therapy for post-stroke depression: the BEADS feasibility RCT. Health Technol Assess, 23(47), 1-176. doi:10.3310/hta23470"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2011",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., et al. (2011). Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 441–452."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2015a",
          "ref": "Titov N, Dear BF, Ali S, Zou JB, Lorian CN, Johnston L, et al. Clinical and cost-effectiveness of therapist-guided internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for older adults with symptoms of depression: A randomized controlled trial. Behavior Therapy. 2015;46(2):193-205."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tomasino, 2017",
          "ref": "Tomasino, K., Lattie, E., Ho, J., Palac, H., Kaiser, S., & Mohr, D. (2017). Harnessing Peer Support in an Online Intervention for Older Adults with Depression. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25(10), 1109-1119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Torres, 2019",
          "ref": "Torres-Platas SG, Escobar S, Belliveau C, Wu J, Sasi N, Fotso J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Intervention for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. and Psychosomatics. 2019;88(4):254-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2023",
          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Wiechers, 2023",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2018",
          "ref": "Williams C, McClay CA, Matthews L, et al. Community-based group guided self-help intervention for low mood and stress: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry 2018; 212(2): 88-95."
        },
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          "study": "Wright, 2022",
          "ref": "Wright, J. H., Owen, J., Eells, T. D., Antle, B., Bishop, L. B., Girdler, R., . . . Ali, S. (2022). Effect of Computer-Assisted Cognitive Behavior Therapy vs Usual Care on Depression Among Adults in Primary Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open, 5(2), e2146716. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.46716"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2025",
          "ref": "Yan S, Zhong S, Lyu S, Lai S, Zhang Y, Luo Y, et al. A randomized trial of virtual reality eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy for major depressive disorder with childhood trauma: A 3-month follow-up study. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. 2025."
        },
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          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        }
      ]
    },
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
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          "study": "Frangou, 2021",
          "ref": "Frangou, E., Bertelli, G., Love, S., Mackean, M. J., Glasspool, R. M., Fotopoulou, C., Cook, A., Nicum, S., Lord, R., Ferguson, M., Roux, R. L., Martinez, M., Butcher, C., Hulbert-Williams, N., Howells, L., & Blagden, S. P. (2021). OVPSYCH2: A randomized controlled trial of psychological support versus standard of care following chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol, 162(2), 431-439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.05.024"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gilbody, 2021",
          "ref": "Gilbody, S., et al. (2021). \"Can We Prevent Depression in At-Risk Older Adults Using Self-Help? The UK SHARD Trial of Behavioral Activation.\" American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry."
        },
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          "study": "Gilbody, 2024",
          "ref": "Gilbody, S., Littlewood, E., McMillan, D., Atha, L., Bailey, D., Baird, K., . . . Ekers, D. (2024). Behavioural activation to mitigate the psychological impacts of COVID-19 restrictions on older people in England and Wales (BASIL+): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Healthy Longevity, 5(2), e97-e107. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/s2666-7568(23)00238-6"
        },
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          "study": "Gitlin, 2013",
          "ref": "Gitlin LN, Harris LF, McCoy MC, Chernett NL, Pizzi LT, Jutkowitz E, et al. A home-based intervention to reduce depressive symptoms and improve quality of life in older African Americans: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;159(4):243-52."
        },
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          "study": "Glozier, 2013",
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        },
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          "study": "Johansson, 2019b",
          "ref": "Johansson P, Westas M, Andersson G, Alehagen U, Broström A, Jaarsma T, Mourad G, Lundgren J An Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program Adapted to Patients With Cardiovascular Disease and Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial JMIR Ment Health 2019;6(10):e14648"
        },
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          "study": "Kamga, 2017",
          "ref": "Kamga, H., McCusker, J., Yaffe, M., Sewitch, M., Sussman, T., Strumpf, E., . . . Freeman, E. (2017). Self-care tools to treat depressive symptoms in patients with age-related eye disease: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Clinical & experimental ophthalmology, 45(4), 371-378."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerner, 2015",
          "ref": "Lerner D, Adler DA, Rogers WH, Chang H, Greenhill A, Cymerman E, et al. A randomized clinical trial of a telephone depression intervention to reduce employee presenteeism and absenteeism. Psychiatric Services. 2015;66(6):570-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lloyd-Williams, 2018",
          "ref": "Lloyd-Williams M, Shiels C, Ellis J, et al. Pilot randomised controlled trial of focused narrative intervention for moderate to severe depression in palliative care patients: DISCERN trial. Palliative medicine 2018; 32(1): 206‐15."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lundgren, 2016",
          "ref": "Lundgren JG, Dahlstrom O, Andersson G, Jaarsma T, Karner Kohler A, Johansson P. The effect of guided web-based cognitive behavioral therapy on patients with depressive symptoms and heart failure: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2016;18(8):e194."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohr, 2011",
          "ref": "Mohr DC, Carmody T, Erickson L, Jin L, Leader J. Telephone-administered cognitive behavioral therapy for veterans served by community-based outpatient clinics. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2011;79(2):261-5."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakamura, 2023",
          "ref": "Nakamura, C. A., Seward, N., Peters, T. J., Didone, T. V. N., Moretti, F. A., da Costa, M. O., de Souza, C. H. Q., de Oliveira, G. M., dos Santos, M. S., Pereira, L. A., de Sá Martins, M. M., van de Ven, P., Hollingworth, W., Araya, R., & Scazufca, M. (2023). A self-help fully automated digital intervention to improve subthreshold depressive symptoms among older adults in a socioeconomically deprived region of Brazil (PRODIGITAL): a pragmatic, two-arm randomised controlled trial. In."
        },
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          "study": "Noone, 2022",
          "ref": "Noone, D., Payne, J., Stott, J., Aguirre, E., Patel-Palfreman, M. M., Stoner, C., . . . Spector, A. (2022). The Feasibility of a Mindfulness Intervention for Depression in People with Mild Dementia: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Clinical gerontologist, 1-13. doi:10.1080/07317115.2022.2094741"
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Moore, 2018",
          "ref": "O'Moore K A, Newby JM, Andrews G, et al. Internet Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression in Older Adults With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2018-70(1): 61-70."
        },
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          "study": "O'Neil, 2014",
          "ref": "O'Neil A, Taylor B, Sanderson K, Cyril S, Chan B, Hawkes AL, et al. Efficacy and feasibility of a tele-health intervention for acute coronary syndrome patients with depression: Results of the \"MoodCare\" randomized controlled trial. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2014;48(2):163-74."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pellas, 2022",
          "ref": "Pellas, J., Renner, F., Ji, J. L., & Damberg, M. (2022). Telephone-based behavioral activation with mental imagery for depression: A pilot randomized clinical trial in isolated older adults during the Covid-19 pandemic. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 37(1). doi:10.1002/gps.5646"
        },
        {
          "study": "Serfaty, 2020",
          "ref": "Serfaty, M., King, M., Nazareth, I., Moorey, S., Aspden, T., Tookman, A., . . . Jones, L. (2019). Manualised cognitive and behavioural therapy in treating depression in advanced cancer: the CanTalk RCT. Health Technology Assessment, 23(19), 1‐106. doi:10.3310/hta23190"
        },
        {
          "study": "Thomas, 2019",
          "ref": "Thomas, S. A., Drummond, A. E., Lincoln, N. B., Palmer, R. L., das Nair, R., Latimer, N. R., . . . Topcu, G. (2019). Behavioural activation therapy for post-stroke depression: the BEADS feasibility RCT. Health Technol Assess, 23(47), 1-176. doi:10.3310/hta23470"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2015a",
          "ref": "Titov N, Dear BF, Ali S, Zou JB, Lorian CN, Johnston L, et al. Clinical and cost-effectiveness of therapist-guided internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for older adults with symptoms of depression: A randomized controlled trial. Behavior Therapy. 2015;46(2):193-205."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tomasino, 2017",
          "ref": "Tomasino, K., Lattie, E., Ho, J., Palac, H., Kaiser, S., & Mohr, D. (2017). Harnessing Peer Support in an Online Intervention for Older Adults with Depression. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25(10), 1109-1119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Torres, 2019",
          "ref": "Torres-Platas SG, Escobar S, Belliveau C, Wu J, Sasi N, Fotso J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Intervention for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. and Psychosomatics. 2019;88(4):254-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "PHQ-9",
      "full": "Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 item version",
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      "sg": "Age group",
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      "sd": 5.019,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abas, 2018",
          "ref": "Abas M, Nyamayaro P, Bere T, et al. Feasibility and acceptability of a task-shifted intervention to enhance adherence to HIV medication and improve depression in people living with HIV in Zimbabwe, a low income country in sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS and Behavior 2018; 22(1): 86-101."
        },
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          "study": "Abbas, 2023a",
          "ref": "Abbas, Q., Latif, S., Ayaz Habib, H., Shahzad, S., Sarwar, U., Shahzadi, M., . . . Washdev, W. (2023). Cognitive behavior therapy for diabetes distress, depression, health anxiety, quality of life and treatment adherence among patients with Type-II diabetes mellitus: A randomized control trial. BMC Psychiatry, 23. doi:10.1186/s12888-023-04546-w"
        },
        {
          "study": "Abbas, 2023b",
          "ref": "Abbas, Q., Nisa, M., Khan, M. U., Anwar, N., Aljhani, S., Ramzan, Z., & Shahzadi, M. (2023). Brief cognitive behavior therapy for stigmatization, depression, quality of life, social support and adherence to treatment among patients with HIV/AIDS: a randomized control trial. BMC Psychiatry, 23(1), 539."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ahmed, 2025",
          "ref": "Ahmed N, Zavala GA, Siddiqui F, Aslam F, Keding A, Halmkan S, et al. A randomised controlled feasibility trial of Behavioural activation as a treatment for people with diabetes and depression: (DiaDeM feasibility trial). J Affect Disord. 2025;372:333-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Arjadi, 2018",
          "ref": "Arjadi R, Nauta MH, Scholte WF, et al. Internet-based behavioural activation with lay counsellor support versus online minimal psychoeducation without support for treatment of depression: a randomised controlled trial in Indonesia. The lancet psychiatry 2018; 5(9): 707‐16."
        },
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          "study": "Bae, 2023",
          "ref": "Bae, J. H., Park, E. H., Lee, H. K., Yoon, K. H., Won, K. C., Kim, H. M., & Kim, S. G. (2024). Enhancing Diabetes Care through a Mobile Application: A Randomized Clinical Trial on Integrating Physical and Mental Health among Disadvantaged Individuals. Diabetes Metab J. https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0298 "
        },
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          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
          "ref": "Bathgate, C. J., Kilbourn, K. M., Murphy, N. H., Wamboldt, F. S., & Holm, K. E. (2022). Pilot RCT of a telehealth intervention to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, 21(2), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.012"
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Bedard, 2014",
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        },
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          "study": "Bedford, 2018",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Berman, 2022",
          "ref": "Berman, M. I., Park, J., Kragenbrink, M. E., & Hegel, M. T. (2022). Accept Yourself! A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Self-Acceptance-Based Treatment for Large-Bodied Women With Depression. Behav Ther, 53(5), 913-926. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.03.002"
        },
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          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
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        },
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          "study": "Burns, 2013",
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        },
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          "study": "Chen, 2023",
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        },
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          "study": "Segal, 2020",
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        },
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "PHQ-9",
      "full": "Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 item version",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
          "ref": "Bolinski, F., Kleiboer, A., Neijenhuijs, K., Karyotaki, E., Wiers, R., de Koning, L., . . . Riper, H. (2022). Challenges in Recruiting University Students for Web-Based Indicated Prevention of Depression and Anxiety: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial (ICare Prevent). J Med Internet Res, 24(12), e40892. doi:10.2196/4089"
        },
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          "study": "Deady, 2016",
          "ref": "Deady, M., Mills, K. L., Teesson, M., & Kay-Lambkin, F. (2016). An Online Intervention for Co-Occurring Depression and Problematic Alcohol Use in Young People: Primary Outcomes From a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 18(3), e71"
        },
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          "study": "He, 2022",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Karyotaki, 2022",
          "ref": "Karyotaki, E., Klein, A. M., Ciharova, M., Bolinski, F., Krijnen, L., de Koning, L., . . . Cuijpers, P. (2022). Guided internet-based transdiagnostic individually tailored Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in college students: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 150, 104028. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.104028"
        },
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          "study": "Koelen, 2024",
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        },
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          "study": "Liang, 2021",
          "ref": "Liang, L., Feng, L., Zheng, X., Wu, Y., Zhang, C., & Li, J. (2021). Effect of dialectical behavior group therapy on the anxiety and depression of medical students under the normalization of epidemic prevention and control for the COVID-19 epidemic: a randomized study. Ann Palliat Med, 10(10), 10591-10599. https://doi.org/10.21037/apm-21-2466"
        },
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          "study": "Liu, 2024",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Raevuori, 2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Salamanca-Sanabria, 2020",
          "ref": "Salamanca-Sanabria A, Richards D, Timulak L, et al. A culturally adapted cognitive behavioral internet-delivered intervention for depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. JMIR Mental Health. 2020;7(1)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        }
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Newby, 2013",
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        },
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          "study": "Newby, 2017",
          "ref": "Newby, J., Robins, L., Wilhelm, K., Smith, J., Fletcher, T., Gillis, I., . . . Andrews, G. (2017). Web-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Depression in People With Diabetes Mellitus: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 19(5), e157."
        },
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          "study": "Noone, 2022",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Pellas, 2022",
          "ref": "Pellas, J., Renner, F., Ji, J. L., & Damberg, M. (2022). Telephone-based behavioral activation with mental imagery for depression: A pilot randomized clinical trial in isolated older adults during the Covid-19 pandemic. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 37(1). doi:10.1002/gps.5646"
        },
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        },
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          "ref": "Powers, A., Lathan, E. C., Dixon, H. D., Mekawi, Y., Hinrichs, R., Carter, S., . . . Kaslow, N. J. (2023). Primary care-based mindfulness intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms among Black adults: A pilot feasibility and acceptability randomized controlled trial. Psychol Trauma, 15(5), 858-867."
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Rosso, 2017",
          "ref": "Rosso, I. M., Killgore, W. D., Olson, E. A., Webb, C. A., Fukunaga, R., Auerbach, R. P., Gogel, H., Buchholz, J. L., & Rauch, S. L. Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 34(3), 236-245. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5540163/pdf/nihms884093.pdf"
        },
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          "ref": "Sadeh-Sharvit, S., Camp, T. D., Horton, S. E., Hefner, J. D., Berry, J. M., Grossman, E., & Hollon, S. D. (2023). Effects of an artificial intelligence platform for behavioral interventions on depression and anxiety symptoms: randomized clinical trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e46781."
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Sander, 2020",
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        },
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          "study": "Scazufca, 2022",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Schure, 2019",
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        },
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          "study": "Segal, 2020",
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        },
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          "study": "Serfaty, 2020",
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        },
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          "study": "Sheeber, 2017",
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        },
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          "study": "Sikander, 2019",
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        },
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          "study": "Silverstone, 2017",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Thomas, 2019",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2023",
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wiechers, 2023",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2018",
          "ref": "Williams C, McClay CA, Matthews L, et al. Community-based group guided self-help intervention for low mood and stress: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry 2018; 212(2): 88-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wright, 2022",
          "ref": "Wright, J. H., Owen, J., Eells, T. D., Antle, B., Bishop, L. B., Girdler, R., . . . Ali, S. (2022). Effect of Computer-Assisted Cognitive Behavior Therapy vs Usual Care on Depression Among Adults in Primary Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open, 5(2), e2146716. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.46716"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2025",
          "ref": "Yan S, Zhong S, Lyu S, Lai S, Zhang Y, Luo Y, et al. A randomized trial of virtual reality eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy for major depressive disorder with childhood trauma: A 3-month follow-up study. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. 2025."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1635,
      "instr": "PHQ-9",
      "full": "Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 item version",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Comorbidity",
      "sgv": "No comorbidity",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 109,
      "k_es": 123,
      "sd": 4.98,
      "lo": 4.71,
      "hi": 5.266,
      "tau2": 0.0818,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 2.835,
      "phi": 8.749,
      "i2": 96.4,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
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          "ref": "Sikander, S., Ahmad, I., Atif, N., Zaidi, A., Vanobberghen, F., Weiss, H. A., . . . Rahman, A. (2019). Delivering the Thinking Healthy Programme for perinatal depression through volunteer peers: a cluster randomised controlled trial in Pakistan. The Lancet Psychiatry, 6(2), 128-139. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30467-X"
        },
        {
          "study": "Silverstone, 2017",
          "ref": "Silverstone, P. H., Rittenbach, K., Suen, V. Y. M., Moretzsohn, A., Cribben, I., Bercov, M., . . . Trew, M. (2017). Depression outcomes in adults attending family practice were not improved by screening, stepped-care, or online CBT during a 12-week study when compared to controls in a randomized trial."
        },
        {
          "study": "Smith, 2017",
          "ref": "Smith, J., Newby, J. M., Burston, N., Murphy, M. J., Michael, S., Mackenzie, A., . . . Andrews, G. (2017). Help from home for depression: A randomised controlled trial comparing internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy with bibliotherapy for depression. Internet Interventions, 9, 25-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Spruill, 2021",
          "ref": "Spruill, T. M., Friedman, D., Diaz, L., Butler, M. J., Goldfeld, K. S., O'Kula, S., . . . Devinsky, O. (2021). Telephone-based depression self-management in Hispanic adults with epilepsy: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Transl Behav Med, 11(7), 1451-1460. doi:10.1093/tbm/ibab045"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stiles-Shields, 2018",
          "ref": "Stiles-Shields, C., Montague, E., Kwasny, M. J., & Mohr, D. C. (2019). Behavioral and cognitive intervention strategies delivered via coached apps for depression: Pilot trial. Psychological services, 16(2), 233-238. doi:10.1037/ser0000261"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stuart, 2022",
          "ref": "StuartRoderick, HeidiFischer, SLeitzke, A., DavidaBecker, NeetaSaheba, & JColeman, K. (2022). The Effectiveness of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for the Treatment of Depression in a Large Real-World Primary Care Practice: A Randomized Trial. The Permanente Journal, 26(3), 53-60. https://doi.org/doi:10.7812/TPP/21.183"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sugg, 2018",
          "ref": "Sugg HVR, Richards DA, Frost J. Morita Therapy for depression (Morita Trial): a pilot randomised controlled trial. BMJ open 2018; 8(8)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Thomas, 2019",
          "ref": "Thomas, S. A., Drummond, A. E., Lincoln, N. B., Palmer, R. L., das Nair, R., Latimer, N. R., . . . Topcu, G. (2019). Behavioural activation therapy for post-stroke depression: the BEADS feasibility RCT. Health Technol Assess, 23(47), 1-176. doi:10.3310/hta23470"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2015a",
          "ref": "Titov N, Dear BF, Ali S, Zou JB, Lorian CN, Johnston L, et al. Clinical and cost-effectiveness of therapist-guided internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for older adults with symptoms of depression: A randomized controlled trial. Behavior Therapy. 2015;46(2):193-205."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tomasino, 2017",
          "ref": "Tomasino, K., Lattie, E., Ho, J., Palac, H., Kaiser, S., & Mohr, D. (2017). Harnessing Peer Support in an Online Intervention for Older Adults with Depression. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25(10), 1109-1119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
          "ref": "van Luenen, S., Garnefski, N., Spinhoven, P., & Kraaij, V. (2018). Guided internet-based intervention for people with HIV and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial in the Netherlands. The lancet HIV, 5(9), e488-e497."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wiechers, 2023",
          "ref": "Wiechers M, Strupf M, Bajbouj M, Böge K, Karnouk C, Goerigk S, et al. Empowerment group therapy for refugees with affective disorders: results of a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Eur Psychiatry. 2023;66(1):e64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2018",
          "ref": "Williams C, McClay CA, Matthews L, et al. Community-based group guided self-help intervention for low mood and stress: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry 2018; 212(2): 88-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wright, 2022",
          "ref": "Wright, J. H., Owen, J., Eells, T. D., Antle, B., Bishop, L. B., Girdler, R., . . . Ali, S. (2022). Effect of Computer-Assisted Cognitive Behavior Therapy vs Usual Care on Depression Among Adults in Primary Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open, 5(2), e2146716. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.46716"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2025",
          "ref": "Yan S, Zhong S, Lyu S, Lai S, Zhang Y, Luo Y, et al. A randomized trial of virtual reality eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy for major depressive disorder with childhood trauma: A 3-month follow-up study. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. 2025."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1636,
      "instr": "PHQ-9",
      "full": "Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 item version",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Comorbidity",
      "sgv": "No comorbidity",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 138,
      "k_es": 158,
      "sd": 5.019,
      "lo": 4.773,
      "hi": 5.277,
      "tau2": 0.0775,
      "tau2w": 0.005,
      "plo": 2.852,
      "phi": 8.833,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
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        },
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          "study": "Chen, 2023",
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        },
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          "study": "Cuijpers, 2022a",
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          "study": "Dimidjian, 2017",
          "ref": "Dimidjian, S., Goodman, S., Sherwood, N., Simon, G., Ludman, E., Gallop, R., . . . Beck, A. (2017). A Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial of Behavioral Activation for Depressed Pregnant Women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(1), 26-36"
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Dwight-Johnson, 2011",
          "ref": "Dwight-Johnson M, Aisenberg E, Golinelli D, Hong S, O'Brien M, Ludman E. Telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for Latino patients living in rural areas: A randomized pilot study. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(8):936-42."
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          "ref": "Forand NR, Barnett JG, Strunk DR, Hindiyeh MU, Feinberg JE, Keefe JR. Efficacy of Guided iCBT for Depression and Mediation of Change by Cognitive Skill Acquisition. Behavior Therapy 2018; 49(2): 295-307."
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          "study": "Forman-Hoffman, 2024",
          "ref": "Forman-Hoffman, V. L., Sihvonen, S., Wielgosz, J., Kuhn, E., Nelson, B. W., Peiper, N. C., & Gould, C. E. (2024). Therapist-supported digital mental health intervention for depressive symptoms: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 349, 494-501. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.057"
        },
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          "study": "Frangou, 2021",
          "ref": "Frangou, E., Bertelli, G., Love, S., Mackean, M. J., Glasspool, R. M., Fotopoulou, C., Cook, A., Nicum, S., Lord, R., Ferguson, M., Roux, R. L., Martinez, M., Butcher, C., Hulbert-Williams, N., Howells, L., & Blagden, S. P. (2021). OVPSYCH2: A randomized controlled trial of psychological support versus standard of care following chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol, 162(2), 431-439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.05.024"
        },
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          "study": "Fuhr, 2019",
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        },
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          "study": "Funderburk, 2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Gilbody, 2017",
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        },
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          "study": "Gilbody, 2021",
          "ref": "Gilbody, S., et al. (2021). \"Can We Prevent Depression in At-Risk Older Adults Using Self-Help? The UK SHARD Trial of Behavioral Activation.\" American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry."
        },
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          "study": "Gilbody, 2024",
          "ref": "Gilbody, S., Littlewood, E., McMillan, D., Atha, L., Bailey, D., Baird, K., . . . Ekers, D. (2024). Behavioural activation to mitigate the psychological impacts of COVID-19 restrictions on older people in England and Wales (BASIL+): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Healthy Longevity, 5(2), e97-e107. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/s2666-7568(23)00238-6"
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Glozier, 2013",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Graham, 2020",
          "ref": "Graham, A. K., Greene, C. J., Kwasny, M. J., Kaiser, S. M., Lieponis, P., Powell, T., & Mohr, D. C. (2020). Coached mobile app platform for the treatment of depression and anxiety among primary care patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(9), 906-914. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Guo, 2020",
          "ref": "Guo Y, Hong YA, Cai W, et al. Effect of a WeChat-Based Intervention (Run4Love) on Depressive Symptoms Among People Living With HIV in China: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(2):e16715."
        },
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          "study": "Haakana, 2024",
          "ref": "Haakana, R., Rosenström, T., Parkkinen, L., Tuomisto, M. T., & Isometsä, E. (2024). Effectiveness of an add-on brief group behavioral activation treatment for depression in psychiatric care: a randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 15. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1284363"
        },
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          "study": "He, 2022",
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        },
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          "study": "Heim, 2021",
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        },
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        },
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          "ref": "Tomasino, K., Lattie, E., Ho, J., Palac, H., Kaiser, S., & Mohr, D. (2017). Harnessing Peer Support in an Online Intervention for Older Adults with Depression. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25(10), 1109-1119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Torres, 2019",
          "ref": "Torres-Platas SG, Escobar S, Belliveau C, Wu J, Sasi N, Fotso J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Intervention for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. and Psychosomatics. 2019;88(4):254-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
          "ref": "Tully, P. J., Turnbull, D. A., Horowitz, J. D., Beltrame, J. F., Baune, B. T., Sauer-Zavala, S., . . . Wittert, G. A. (2022). Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Results From the CHAMPS Pilot-Feasibility Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.741039"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
          "ref": "van Luenen, S., Garnefski, N., Spinhoven, P., & Kraaij, V. (2018). Guided internet-based intervention for people with HIV and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial in the Netherlands. The lancet HIV, 5(9), e488-e497."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2023",
          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
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          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
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        },
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          "study": "Wiechers, 2023",
          "ref": "Wiechers M, Strupf M, Bajbouj M, Böge K, Karnouk C, Goerigk S, et al. Empowerment group therapy for refugees with affective disorders: results of a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Eur Psychiatry. 2023;66(1):e64."
        },
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          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2018",
          "ref": "Williams C, McClay CA, Matthews L, et al. Community-based group guided self-help intervention for low mood and stress: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry 2018; 212(2): 88-95."
        },
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          "study": "Wright, 2022",
          "ref": "Wright, J. H., Owen, J., Eells, T. D., Antle, B., Bishop, L. B., Girdler, R., . . . Ali, S. (2022). Effect of Computer-Assisted Cognitive Behavior Therapy vs Usual Care on Depression Among Adults in Primary Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open, 5(2), e2146716. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.46716"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2025",
          "ref": "Yan S, Zhong S, Lyu S, Lai S, Zhang Y, Luo Y, et al. A randomized trial of virtual reality eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy for major depressive disorder with childhood trauma: A 3-month follow-up study. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. 2025."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "full": "Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 item version",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Deady, 2016",
          "ref": "Deady, M., Mills, K. L., Teesson, M., & Kay-Lambkin, F. (2016). An Online Intervention for Co-Occurring Depression and Problematic Alcohol Use in Young People: Primary Outcomes From a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 18(3), e71"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koelen, 2024",
          "ref": "Koelen, J., Klein, A., Wolters, N., Bol, E., De Koning, L., Roetink, S., ... & Wiers, R. (2024). Web-Based, Human-Guided, or Computer-Guided Transdiagnostic Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in University Students With Anxiety and Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Mental Health, 11, e50503."
        },
        {
          "study": "Liang, 2021",
          "ref": "Liang, L., Feng, L., Zheng, X., Wu, Y., Zhang, C., & Li, J. (2021). Effect of dialectical behavior group therapy on the anxiety and depression of medical students under the normalization of epidemic prevention and control for the COVID-19 epidemic: a randomized study. Ann Palliat Med, 10(10), 10591-10599. https://doi.org/10.21037/apm-21-2466"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pott, 2022",
          "ref": "Pott, S. L., Kellett, S., Green, S., Daughters, S., & Delgadillo, J. (2022). Behavioral activation for depression delivered by drug and alcohol treatment workers: A pilot randomized controlled trial. J Subst Abuse Treat, 139, 108769. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2022.108769"
        },
        {
          "study": "Powers, 2023",
          "ref": "Powers, A., Lathan, E. C., Dixon, H. D., Mekawi, Y., Hinrichs, R., Carter, S., . . . Kaslow, N. J. (2023). Primary care-based mindfulness intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms among Black adults: A pilot feasibility and acceptability randomized controlled trial. Psychol Trauma, 15(5), 858-867."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell, 2020",
          "ref": "Russell, A., Gaunt, D. M., Cooper, K., Barton, S., Horwood, J., Kessler, D., . . . et al. (2019). The feasibility of low-intensity psychological therapy for depression co-occurring with autism in adults: the Autism Depression Trial (ADEPT) – a pilot randomised controlled trial. Autism. doi:10.1177/1362361319889272"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "PHQ-9",
      "full": "Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 item version",
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      "refs": [
        {
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Abbas, 2023b",
          "ref": "Abbas, Q., Nisa, M., Khan, M. U., Anwar, N., Aljhani, S., Ramzan, Z., & Shahzadi, M. (2023). Brief cognitive behavior therapy for stigmatization, depression, quality of life, social support and adherence to treatment among patients with HIV/AIDS: a randomized control trial. BMC Psychiatry, 23(1), 539."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ahmed, 2025",
          "ref": "Ahmed N, Zavala GA, Siddiqui F, Aslam F, Keding A, Halmkan S, et al. A randomised controlled feasibility trial of Behavioural activation as a treatment for people with diabetes and depression: (DiaDeM feasibility trial). J Affect Disord. 2025;372:333-46."
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Bae, 2023",
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        },
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          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
          "ref": "Bathgate, C. J., Kilbourn, K. M., Murphy, N. H., Wamboldt, F. S., & Holm, K. E. (2022). Pilot RCT of a telehealth intervention to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, 21(2), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.012"
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        },
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          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Gilbody, 2017",
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          "study": "Gilbody, 2021",
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        },
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          "ref": "Thomas, S. A., Drummond, A. E., Lincoln, N. B., Palmer, R. L., das Nair, R., Latimer, N. R., . . . Topcu, G. (2019). Behavioural activation therapy for post-stroke depression: the BEADS feasibility RCT. Health Technol Assess, 23(47), 1-176. doi:10.3310/hta23470"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., et al. (2011). Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 441–452."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2015a",
          "ref": "Titov N, Dear BF, Ali S, Zou JB, Lorian CN, Johnston L, et al. Clinical and cost-effectiveness of therapist-guided internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for older adults with symptoms of depression: A randomized controlled trial. Behavior Therapy. 2015;46(2):193-205."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tomasino, 2017",
          "ref": "Tomasino, K., Lattie, E., Ho, J., Palac, H., Kaiser, S., & Mohr, D. (2017). Harnessing Peer Support in an Online Intervention for Older Adults with Depression. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25(10), 1109-1119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Torres, 2019",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
          "ref": "Tully, P. J., Turnbull, D. A., Horowitz, J. D., Beltrame, J. F., Baune, B. T., Sauer-Zavala, S., . . . Wittert, G. A. (2022). Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Results From the CHAMPS Pilot-Feasibility Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.741039"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
          "ref": "van Luenen, S., Garnefski, N., Spinhoven, P., & Kraaij, V. (2018). Guided internet-based intervention for people with HIV and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial in the Netherlands. The lancet HIV, 5(9), e488-e497."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2023",
          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
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          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wiechers, 2023",
          "ref": "Wiechers M, Strupf M, Bajbouj M, Böge K, Karnouk C, Goerigk S, et al. Empowerment group therapy for refugees with affective disorders: results of a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Eur Psychiatry. 2023;66(1):e64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2018",
          "ref": "Williams C, McClay CA, Matthews L, et al. Community-based group guided self-help intervention for low mood and stress: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry 2018; 212(2): 88-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wright, 2022",
          "ref": "Wright, J. H., Owen, J., Eells, T. D., Antle, B., Bishop, L. B., Girdler, R., . . . Ali, S. (2022). Effect of Computer-Assisted Cognitive Behavior Therapy vs Usual Care on Depression Among Adults in Primary Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open, 5(2), e2146716. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.46716"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2025",
          "ref": "Yan S, Zhong S, Lyu S, Lai S, Zhang Y, Luo Y, et al. A randomized trial of virtual reality eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy for major depressive disorder with childhood trauma: A 3-month follow-up study. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. 2025."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1639,
      "instr": "PHQ-9",
      "full": "Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 item version",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Control condition",
      "sgv": "Care as usual",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 65,
      "k_es": 70,
      "sd": 5.038,
      "lo": 4.644,
      "hi": 5.465,
      "tau2": 0.105,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 2.655,
      "phi": 9.558,
      "i2": 97.2,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
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        },
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          "study": "Jordans, 2019",
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        },
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          "study": "Karyotaki, 2022",
          "ref": "Karyotaki, E., Klein, A. M., Ciharova, M., Bolinski, F., Krijnen, L., de Koning, L., . . . Cuijpers, P. (2022). Guided internet-based transdiagnostic individually tailored Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in college students: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 150, 104028. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.104028"
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          "study": "Keeley, 2016",
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          "study": "Kladnitski, 2020",
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        {
          "study": "Sikander, 2019",
          "ref": "Sikander, S., Ahmad, I., Atif, N., Zaidi, A., Vanobberghen, F., Weiss, H. A., . . . Rahman, A. (2019). Delivering the Thinking Healthy Programme for perinatal depression through volunteer peers: a cluster randomised controlled trial in Pakistan. The Lancet Psychiatry, 6(2), 128-139. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30467-X"
        },
        {
          "study": "Silverstone, 2017",
          "ref": "Silverstone, P. H., Rittenbach, K., Suen, V. Y. M., Moretzsohn, A., Cribben, I., Bercov, M., . . . Trew, M. (2017). Depression outcomes in adults attending family practice were not improved by screening, stepped-care, or online CBT during a 12-week study when compared to controls in a randomized trial."
        },
        {
          "study": "Spruill, 2021",
          "ref": "Spruill, T. M., Friedman, D., Diaz, L., Butler, M. J., Goldfeld, K. S., O'Kula, S., . . . Devinsky, O. (2021). Telephone-based depression self-management in Hispanic adults with epilepsy: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Transl Behav Med, 11(7), 1451-1460. doi:10.1093/tbm/ibab045"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stuart, 2022",
          "ref": "StuartRoderick, HeidiFischer, SLeitzke, A., DavidaBecker, NeetaSaheba, & JColeman, K. (2022). The Effectiveness of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for the Treatment of Depression in a Large Real-World Primary Care Practice: A Randomized Trial. The Permanente Journal, 26(3), 53-60. https://doi.org/doi:10.7812/TPP/21.183"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sugg, 2018",
          "ref": "Sugg HVR, Richards DA, Frost J. Morita Therapy for depression (Morita Trial): a pilot randomised controlled trial. BMJ open 2018; 8(8)."
        },
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          "ref": "Thomas, S. A., Drummond, A. E., Lincoln, N. B., Palmer, R. L., das Nair, R., Latimer, N. R., . . . Topcu, G. (2019). Behavioural activation therapy for post-stroke depression: the BEADS feasibility RCT. Health Technol Assess, 23(47), 1-176. doi:10.3310/hta23470"
        },
        {
          "study": "Torres, 2019",
          "ref": "Torres-Platas SG, Escobar S, Belliveau C, Wu J, Sasi N, Fotso J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Intervention for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. and Psychosomatics. 2019;88(4):254-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
          "ref": "Tully, P. J., Turnbull, D. A., Horowitz, J. D., Beltrame, J. F., Baune, B. T., Sauer-Zavala, S., . . . Wittert, G. A. (2022). Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Results From the CHAMPS Pilot-Feasibility Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.741039"
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wiechers, 2023",
          "ref": "Wiechers M, Strupf M, Bajbouj M, Böge K, Karnouk C, Goerigk S, et al. Empowerment group therapy for refugees with affective disorders: results of a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Eur Psychiatry. 2023;66(1):e64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wright, 2022",
          "ref": "Wright, J. H., Owen, J., Eells, T. D., Antle, B., Bishop, L. B., Girdler, R., . . . Ali, S. (2022). Effect of Computer-Assisted Cognitive Behavior Therapy vs Usual Care on Depression Among Adults in Primary Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open, 5(2), e2146716. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.46716"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1640,
      "instr": "PHQ-9",
      "full": "Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 item version",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Control condition",
      "sgv": "Care as usual",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 138,
      "k_es": 158,
      "sd": 5.019,
      "lo": 4.773,
      "hi": 5.277,
      "tau2": 0.0775,
      "tau2w": 0.005,
      "plo": 2.852,
      "phi": 8.833,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Gilbody, 2021",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "ref": "Wiechers M, Strupf M, Bajbouj M, Böge K, Karnouk C, Goerigk S, et al. Empowerment group therapy for refugees with affective disorders: results of a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Eur Psychiatry. 2023;66(1):e64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2018",
          "ref": "Williams C, McClay CA, Matthews L, et al. Community-based group guided self-help intervention for low mood and stress: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry 2018; 212(2): 88-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wright, 2022",
          "ref": "Wright, J. H., Owen, J., Eells, T. D., Antle, B., Bishop, L. B., Girdler, R., . . . Ali, S. (2022). Effect of Computer-Assisted Cognitive Behavior Therapy vs Usual Care on Depression Among Adults in Primary Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open, 5(2), e2146716. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.46716"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2025",
          "ref": "Yan S, Zhong S, Lyu S, Lai S, Zhang Y, Luo Y, et al. A randomized trial of virtual reality eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy for major depressive disorder with childhood trauma: A 3-month follow-up study. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. 2025."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        }
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Arjadi, 2018",
          "ref": "Arjadi R, Nauta MH, Scholte WF, et al. Internet-based behavioural activation with lay counsellor support versus online minimal psychoeducation without support for treatment of depression: a randomised controlled trial in Indonesia. The lancet psychiatry 2018; 5(9): 707‐16."
        },
        {
          "study": "Berman, 2022",
          "ref": "Berman, M. I., Park, J., Kragenbrink, M. E., & Hegel, M. T. (2022). Accept Yourself! A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Self-Acceptance-Based Treatment for Large-Bodied Women With Depression. Behav Ther, 53(5), 913-926. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.03.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clarke, 2019",
          "ref": "Clarke, J., Sanatkar, S., Baldwin, P. A., Fletcher, S., Gunn, J., Wilhelm, K., Campbell, L., Zwar, N., Harris, M., Lapsley, H., Hadzi-Pavlovic, D., Christensen, H., & Proudfoot, J. (2019). A Web-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy Intervention to Improve Social and Occupational Functioning in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes (The SpringboarD Trial): Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 21(5), e12246."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cuijpers, 2022a",
          "ref": "Cuijpers, P., Heim, E., Abi Ramia, J., Burchert, S., Carswell, K., Cornelisz, I., . . . El Chammay, R. (2022). Effects of a WHO-guided digital health intervention for depression in Syrian refugees in Lebanon: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS Med, 19(6), e1004025. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1004025"
        },
        {
          "study": "Cuijpers, 2022b",
          "ref": "Cuijpers, P., Heim, E., Ramia, J. A., Burchert, S., Carswell, K., Cornelisz, I., . . . El Chammay, R. (2022). Guided digital health intervention for depression in Lebanon: randomised trial. Evidence Based Mental Health, 25(e1), e34. doi:10.1136/ebmental-2021-300416"
        },
        {
          "study": "Deady, 2016",
          "ref": "Deady, M., Mills, K. L., Teesson, M., & Kay-Lambkin, F. (2016). An Online Intervention for Co-Occurring Depression and Problematic Alcohol Use in Young People: Primary Outcomes From a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 18(3), e71"
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gilbody, 2017",
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        },
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          "study": "Glozier, 2013",
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        },
        {
          "study": "He, 2022",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Heim, 2021",
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        },
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        },
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          "ref": "Klein, J. P., Berger, T., Schröder, J., Späth, C., Meyer, B., Caspar, F., Lutz, W., Arndt, A., Greiner, W., Gräfe, V., Hautzinger, M., Fuhr, K., Rose, M., Nolte, S., Löwe, B., Anderssoni, G., Vettorazzi, E., Moritz, S., & Hohagen, F. (2016). Effects of a Psychological Internet Intervention in the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Depressive Symptoms: Results of the EVIDENT Study, a Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 85(4), 218-228."
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        },
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        },
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          "ref": "Morgan, A. J., Jorm, A. F., & Mackinnon, A. J. (2012). Email-based promotion of self-help for subthreshold depression: Mood Memos randomised controlled trial Multicenter Study-Randomized Controlled Trial-Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't. British Journal of Psychiatry, 200(5), 412-418. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.111.101394."
        },
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          "study": "Nakamura, 2023",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Phillips, 2014",
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        },
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          "study": "Reins, 2019",
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        },
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          "study": "Rosso, 2017",
          "ref": "Rosso, I. M., Killgore, W. D., Olson, E. A., Webb, C. A., Fukunaga, R., Auerbach, R. P., Gogel, H., Buchholz, J. L., & Rauch, S. L. Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 34(3), 236-245. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5540163/pdf/nihms884093.pdf"
        },
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          "study": "Sheeber, 2017",
          "ref": "Sheeber, L., Feil, E., Seeley, J., Leve, C., Gau, J., Davis, B., . . . Allan, S. (2017). Mom-net: evaluation of an internet-facilitated cognitive behavioral intervention for low-income depressed mothers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(4), 355-366."
        },
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          "study": "Silverstone, 2017",
          "ref": "Silverstone, P. H., Rittenbach, K., Suen, V. Y. M., Moretzsohn, A., Cribben, I., Bercov, M., . . . Trew, M. (2017). Depression outcomes in adults attending family practice were not improved by screening, stepped-care, or online CBT during a 12-week study when compared to controls in a randomized trial."
        },
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          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
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          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1642,
      "instr": "PHQ-9",
      "full": "Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 item version",
      "indication": null,
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      "k_es": 158,
      "sd": 5.019,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abas, 2018",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Bae, 2023",
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        },
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          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
          "ref": "Bathgate, C. J., Kilbourn, K. M., Murphy, N. H., Wamboldt, F. S., & Holm, K. E. (2022). Pilot RCT of a telehealth intervention to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, 21(2), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.012"
        },
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          "study": "Baumeister, 2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Bedard, 2014",
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        },
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          "study": "Bedford, 2018",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Berman, 2022",
          "ref": "Berman, M. I., Park, J., Kragenbrink, M. E., & Hegel, M. T. (2022). Accept Yourself! A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Self-Acceptance-Based Treatment for Large-Bodied Women With Depression. Behav Ther, 53(5), 913-926. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.03.002"
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          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
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        },
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          "study": "Clarke, 2019",
          "ref": "Clarke, J., Sanatkar, S., Baldwin, P. A., Fletcher, S., Gunn, J., Wilhelm, K., Campbell, L., Zwar, N., Harris, M., Lapsley, H., Hadzi-Pavlovic, D., Christensen, H., & Proudfoot, J. (2019). A Web-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy Intervention to Improve Social and Occupational Functioning in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes (The SpringboarD Trial): Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 21(5), e12246."
        },
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          "study": "Cooper, 2024",
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        },
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          "study": "Cuijpers, 2022a",
          "ref": "Cuijpers, P., Heim, E., Abi Ramia, J., Burchert, S., Carswell, K., Cornelisz, I., . . . El Chammay, R. (2022). Effects of a WHO-guided digital health intervention for depression in Syrian refugees in Lebanon: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS Med, 19(6), e1004025. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1004025"
        },
        {
          "study": "Cuijpers, 2022b",
          "ref": "Cuijpers, P., Heim, E., Ramia, J. A., Burchert, S., Carswell, K., Cornelisz, I., . . . El Chammay, R. (2022). Guided digital health intervention for depression in Lebanon: randomised trial. Evidence Based Mental Health, 25(e1), e34. doi:10.1136/ebmental-2021-300416"
        },
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          "study": "Danaher, 2022",
          "ref": "Danaher BG, Seeley JR, Silver RK, Tyler MS, Kim JJ, La Porte LM, Cleveland E, Smith DR, Milgrom J, Gau JM. Trial of a patient-directed eHealth program to ameliorate perinatal depression: the MomMoodBooster2 practical effectiveness study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2023 Apr;228(4):453.e1-453.e10. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022927."
        },
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        },
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          "ref": "Dimidjian, S., Goodman, S., Sherwood, N., Simon, G., Ludman, E., Gallop, R., . . . Beck, A. (2017). A Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial of Behavioral Activation for Depressed Pregnant Women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(1), 26-36"
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
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          "ref": "Sander LB, Paganini S, Terhorst Y, et al. Effectiveness of a Guided Web-Based Self-help Intervention to Prevent Depression in Patients with Persistent Back Pain: The PROD-BP Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2020;77(10):1001-1011."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scazufca, 2022",
          "ref": "Scazufca, M., Nakamura, C. A., Seward, N., Moreno-Agostino, D., van de Ven, P., Hollingworth, W., . . . Araya, R. (2022). A task-shared, collaborative care psychosocial intervention for improving depressive symptomatology among older adults in a socioeconomically deprived area of Brazil (PROACTIVE): a pragmatic, two-arm, parallel-group, cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet Healthy Longev, 3(10), e690-e702. doi:10.1016/s2666-7568(22)00194-5"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaeuffele, 2022",
          "ref": "Schaeuffele C, Homeyer S, Perea L, et al. The unified protocol as an Internet-based intervention for emotional disorders: randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022;17:e0270178."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schure, 2019",
          "ref": "Schure, M. B., Lindow, J. C., Greist, J. H., Nakonezny, P. A., Bailey, S. J., Bryan, W. L., & Byerly, M. J. (2019). Use of a Fully Automated Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy Intervention in a Community Population of Adults With Depression Symptoms: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 21(11), e14754. doi:10.2196/14754"
        },
        {
          "study": "Segal, 2020",
          "ref": "Segal, Z. V., Dimidjian, S., Beck, A., Boggs, J. M., Vanderkruik, R., Metcalf, C. A., . . . Levy, J. (2020). Outcomes of Online Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Patients with Residual Depressive Symptoms: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(6), 563-573. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.4693"
        },
        {
          "study": "Serfaty, 2020",
          "ref": "Serfaty, M., King, M., Nazareth, I., Moorey, S., Aspden, T., Tookman, A., . . . Jones, L. (2019). Manualised cognitive and behavioural therapy in treating depression in advanced cancer: the CanTalk RCT. Health Technology Assessment, 23(19), 1‐106. doi:10.3310/hta23190"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheeber, 2017",
          "ref": "Sheeber, L., Feil, E., Seeley, J., Leve, C., Gau, J., Davis, B., . . . Allan, S. (2017). Mom-net: evaluation of an internet-facilitated cognitive behavioral intervention for low-income depressed mothers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(4), 355-366."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sikander, 2019",
          "ref": "Sikander, S., Ahmad, I., Atif, N., Zaidi, A., Vanobberghen, F., Weiss, H. A., . . . Rahman, A. (2019). Delivering the Thinking Healthy Programme for perinatal depression through volunteer peers: a cluster randomised controlled trial in Pakistan. The Lancet Psychiatry, 6(2), 128-139. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30467-X"
        },
        {
          "study": "Silverstone, 2017",
          "ref": "Silverstone, P. H., Rittenbach, K., Suen, V. Y. M., Moretzsohn, A., Cribben, I., Bercov, M., . . . Trew, M. (2017). Depression outcomes in adults attending family practice were not improved by screening, stepped-care, or online CBT during a 12-week study when compared to controls in a randomized trial."
        },
        {
          "study": "Smith, 2017",
          "ref": "Smith, J., Newby, J. M., Burston, N., Murphy, M. J., Michael, S., Mackenzie, A., . . . Andrews, G. (2017). Help from home for depression: A randomised controlled trial comparing internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy with bibliotherapy for depression. Internet Interventions, 9, 25-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Spruill, 2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Stiles-Shields, 2018",
          "ref": "Stiles-Shields, C., Montague, E., Kwasny, M. J., & Mohr, D. C. (2019). Behavioral and cognitive intervention strategies delivered via coached apps for depression: Pilot trial. Psychological services, 16(2), 233-238. doi:10.1037/ser0000261"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stuart, 2022",
          "ref": "StuartRoderick, HeidiFischer, SLeitzke, A., DavidaBecker, NeetaSaheba, & JColeman, K. (2022). The Effectiveness of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for the Treatment of Depression in a Large Real-World Primary Care Practice: A Randomized Trial. The Permanente Journal, 26(3), 53-60. https://doi.org/doi:10.7812/TPP/21.183"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sugg, 2018",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Thomas, 2019",
          "ref": "Thomas, S. A., Drummond, A. E., Lincoln, N. B., Palmer, R. L., das Nair, R., Latimer, N. R., . . . Topcu, G. (2019). Behavioural activation therapy for post-stroke depression: the BEADS feasibility RCT. Health Technol Assess, 23(47), 1-176. doi:10.3310/hta23470"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2011",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., et al. (2011). Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 441–452."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2015a",
          "ref": "Titov N, Dear BF, Ali S, Zou JB, Lorian CN, Johnston L, et al. Clinical and cost-effectiveness of therapist-guided internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for older adults with symptoms of depression: A randomized controlled trial. Behavior Therapy. 2015;46(2):193-205."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tomasino, 2017",
          "ref": "Tomasino, K., Lattie, E., Ho, J., Palac, H., Kaiser, S., & Mohr, D. (2017). Harnessing Peer Support in an Online Intervention for Older Adults with Depression. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25(10), 1109-1119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Torres, 2019",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
          "ref": "van Luenen, S., Garnefski, N., Spinhoven, P., & Kraaij, V. (2018). Guided internet-based intervention for people with HIV and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial in the Netherlands. The lancet HIV, 5(9), e488-e497."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2023",
          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wiechers, 2023",
          "ref": "Wiechers M, Strupf M, Bajbouj M, Böge K, Karnouk C, Goerigk S, et al. Empowerment group therapy for refugees with affective disorders: results of a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Eur Psychiatry. 2023;66(1):e64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2018",
          "ref": "Williams C, McClay CA, Matthews L, et al. Community-based group guided self-help intervention for low mood and stress: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry 2018; 212(2): 88-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wright, 2022",
          "ref": "Wright, J. H., Owen, J., Eells, T. D., Antle, B., Bishop, L. B., Girdler, R., . . . Ali, S. (2022). Effect of Computer-Assisted Cognitive Behavior Therapy vs Usual Care on Depression Among Adults in Primary Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open, 5(2), e2146716. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.46716"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2025",
          "ref": "Yan S, Zhong S, Lyu S, Lai S, Zhang Y, Luo Y, et al. A randomized trial of virtual reality eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy for major depressive disorder with childhood trauma: A 3-month follow-up study. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. 2025."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        }
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      "refs": [
        {
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          "study": "Nyström, 2017",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Salamanca-Sanabria, 2020",
          "ref": "Salamanca-Sanabria A, Richards D, Timulak L, et al. A culturally adapted cognitive behavioral internet-delivered intervention for depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. JMIR Mental Health. 2020;7(1)."
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          "ref": "Schaeuffele C, Homeyer S, Perea L, et al. The unified protocol as an Internet-based intervention for emotional disorders: randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022;17:e0270178."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schure, 2019",
          "ref": "Schure, M. B., Lindow, J. C., Greist, J. H., Nakonezny, P. A., Bailey, S. J., Bryan, W. L., & Byerly, M. J. (2019). Use of a Fully Automated Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy Intervention in a Community Population of Adults With Depression Symptoms: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 21(11), e14754. doi:10.2196/14754"
        },
        {
          "study": "Smith, 2017",
          "ref": "Smith, J., Newby, J. M., Burston, N., Murphy, M. J., Michael, S., Mackenzie, A., . . . Andrews, G. (2017). Help from home for depression: A randomised controlled trial comparing internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy with bibliotherapy for depression. Internet Interventions, 9, 25-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stiles-Shields, 2018",
          "ref": "Stiles-Shields, C., Montague, E., Kwasny, M. J., & Mohr, D. C. (2019). Behavioral and cognitive intervention strategies delivered via coached apps for depression: Pilot trial. Psychological services, 16(2), 233-238. doi:10.1037/ser0000261"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2011",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., et al. (2011). Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 441–452."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2015a",
          "ref": "Titov N, Dear BF, Ali S, Zou JB, Lorian CN, Johnston L, et al. Clinical and cost-effectiveness of therapist-guided internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for older adults with symptoms of depression: A randomized controlled trial. Behavior Therapy. 2015;46(2):193-205."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tomasino, 2017",
          "ref": "Tomasino, K., Lattie, E., Ho, J., Palac, H., Kaiser, S., & Mohr, D. (2017). Harnessing Peer Support in an Online Intervention for Older Adults with Depression. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25(10), 1109-1119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
          "ref": "van Luenen, S., Garnefski, N., Spinhoven, P., & Kraaij, V. (2018). Guided internet-based intervention for people with HIV and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial in the Netherlands. The lancet HIV, 5(9), e488-e497."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2023",
          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2018",
          "ref": "Williams C, McClay CA, Matthews L, et al. Community-based group guided self-help intervention for low mood and stress: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry 2018; 212(2): 88-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2025",
          "ref": "Yan S, Zhong S, Lyu S, Lai S, Zhang Y, Luo Y, et al. A randomized trial of virtual reality eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy for major depressive disorder with childhood trauma: A 3-month follow-up study. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. 2025."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1644,
      "instr": "PHQ-9",
      "full": "Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 item version",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Control condition",
      "sgv": "Waitlist",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 138,
      "k_es": 158,
      "sd": 5.019,
      "lo": 4.773,
      "hi": 5.277,
      "tau2": 0.0775,
      "tau2w": 0.005,
      "plo": 2.852,
      "phi": 8.833,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "study": "Bae, 2023",
          "ref": "Bae, J. H., Park, E. H., Lee, H. K., Yoon, K. H., Won, K. C., Kim, H. M., & Kim, S. G. (2024). Enhancing Diabetes Care through a Mobile Application: A Randomized Clinical Trial on Integrating Physical and Mental Health among Disadvantaged Individuals. Diabetes Metab J. https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0298 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Chen, 2023",
          "ref": "Chen, X., Zeng, M., Chen, C., Zhu, D., Chen, L., & Jiang, Z. (2023). Efficacy of Psycho-Cardiology therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with mild anxiety and depression. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 9. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1031255"
        },
        {
          "study": "Guo, 2020",
          "ref": "Guo Y, Hong YA, Cai W, et al. Effect of a WeChat-Based Intervention (Run4Love) on Depressive Symptoms Among People Living With HIV in China: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(2):e16715."
        },
        {
          "study": "He, 2022",
          "ref": "He, Y., Yang, L., Zhu, X., Wu, B., Zhang, S., Qian, C., & Tian, T. (2022). Mental Health Chatbot for Young Adults With Depressive Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Single-Blind, Three-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 24(11), e40719. doi:10.2196/40719"
        },
        {
          "study": "Liang, 2021",
          "ref": "Liang, L., Feng, L., Zheng, X., Wu, Y., Zhang, C., & Li, J. (2021). Effect of dialectical behavior group therapy on the anxiety and depression of medical students under the normalization of epidemic prevention and control for the COVID-19 epidemic: a randomized study. Ann Palliat Med, 10(10), 10591-10599. https://doi.org/10.21037/apm-21-2466"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin, 2023",
          "ref": "Lin, Z., et al. (2023). \"The Effect of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Major Depressive Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" Journal of Medical Internet Research 25(1)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Liu, 2024",
          "ref": "Liu YE, Lv J, Sun FZ, Liang JJ, Zhang YY, Chen J, et al. Effectiveness of group acceptance and commitment therapy in treating depression for acute stroke patients. Brain Behav. 2023;13(12):e3260."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2023",
          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2025",
          "ref": "Yan S, Zhong S, Lyu S, Lai S, Zhang Y, Luo Y, et al. A randomized trial of virtual reality eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy for major depressive disorder with childhood trauma: A 3-month follow-up study. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. 2025."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "PHQ-9",
      "full": "Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 item version",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
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      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abas, 2018",
          "ref": "Abas M, Nyamayaro P, Bere T, et al. Feasibility and acceptability of a task-shifted intervention to enhance adherence to HIV medication and improve depression in people living with HIV in Zimbabwe, a low income country in sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS and Behavior 2018; 22(1): 86-101."
        },
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        },
        {
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          "ref": "Abbas, Q., Nisa, M., Khan, M. U., Anwar, N., Aljhani, S., Ramzan, Z., & Shahzadi, M. (2023). Brief cognitive behavior therapy for stigmatization, depression, quality of life, social support and adherence to treatment among patients with HIV/AIDS: a randomized control trial. BMC Psychiatry, 23(1), 539."
        },
        {
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Bae, 2023",
          "ref": "Bae, J. H., Park, E. H., Lee, H. K., Yoon, K. H., Won, K. C., Kim, H. M., & Kim, S. G. (2024). Enhancing Diabetes Care through a Mobile Application: A Randomized Clinical Trial on Integrating Physical and Mental Health among Disadvantaged Individuals. Diabetes Metab J. https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0298 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
          "ref": "Bathgate, C. J., Kilbourn, K. M., Murphy, N. H., Wamboldt, F. S., & Holm, K. E. (2022). Pilot RCT of a telehealth intervention to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, 21(2), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.012"
        },
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          "study": "Baumeister, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumeister, H., Paganini, S., Sander, L. B., Lin, J., Schlicker, S., Terhorst, Y., Moshagen, M., Bengel, J., Lehr, D., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effectiveness of a Guided Internet- and Mobile-Based Intervention for Patients with Chronic Back Pain and Depression (WARD-BP): A Multicenter, Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 90(4), 255-268. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511881"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bedard, 2014",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Bedford, 2018",
          "ref": "Bedford LA, Dietch JR, Taylor DJ, Boals A, Zayfert C. Computer-Guided Problem-Solving Treatment for Depression, PTSD, and Insomnia Symptoms in Student Veterans: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior therapy 2018-49(5): 756‐67."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bendig, 2021",
          "ref": "Bendig, E., Bauereiß, N., Buntrock, C., Habibović, M., Ebert, D. D., & Baumeister, H. (2021). Lessons learned from an attempted randomized-controlled feasibility trial on “WIDeCAD” - An internet-based depression treatment for people living with coronary artery disease (CAD) [Article]. Internet Interventions, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100375"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berman, 2022",
          "ref": "Berman, M. I., Park, J., Kragenbrink, M. E., & Hegel, M. T. (2022). Accept Yourself! A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Self-Acceptance-Based Treatment for Large-Bodied Women With Depression. Behav Ther, 53(5), 913-926. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.03.002"
        },
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          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
          "ref": "Bolinski, F., Kleiboer, A., Neijenhuijs, K., Karyotaki, E., Wiers, R., de Koning, L., . . . Riper, H. (2022). Challenges in Recruiting University Students for Web-Based Indicated Prevention of Depression and Anxiety: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial (ICare Prevent). J Med Internet Res, 24(12), e40892. doi:10.2196/4089"
        },
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          "study": "Burns, 2013",
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        },
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          "study": "Chen, 2023",
          "ref": "Chen, X., Zeng, M., Chen, C., Zhu, D., Chen, L., & Jiang, Z. (2023). Efficacy of Psycho-Cardiology therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with mild anxiety and depression. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 9. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1031255"
        },
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          "study": "Choi, 2012",
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          "study": "Clarke, 2019",
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        },
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          "ref": "Danaher BG, Seeley JR, Silver RK, Tyler MS, Kim JJ, La Porte LM, Cleveland E, Smith DR, Milgrom J, Gau JM. Trial of a patient-directed eHealth program to ameliorate perinatal depression: the MomMoodBooster2 practical effectiveness study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2023 Apr;228(4):453.e1-453.e10. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022927."
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          "study": "Deady, 2016",
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          "ref": "Dimidjian, S., Goodman, S., Sherwood, N., Simon, G., Ludman, E., Gallop, R., . . . Beck, A. (2017). A Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial of Behavioral Activation for Depressed Pregnant Women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(1), 26-36"
        },
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          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
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        },
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          "study": "Dwight-Johnson, 2011",
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        },
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          "ref": "Forand NR, Barnett JG, Strunk DR, Hindiyeh MU, Feinberg JE, Keefe JR. Efficacy of Guided iCBT for Depression and Mediation of Change by Cognitive Skill Acquisition. Behavior Therapy 2018; 49(2): 295-307."
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          "ref": "Forman-Hoffman, V. L., Sihvonen, S., Wielgosz, J., Kuhn, E., Nelson, B. W., Peiper, N. C., & Gould, C. E. (2024). Therapist-supported digital mental health intervention for depressive symptoms: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 349, 494-501. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.057"
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Funderburk, 2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Gilbody, 2017",
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        },
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          "study": "Gilbody, 2021",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Graham, 2020",
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        },
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          "study": "Guo, 2020",
          "ref": "Guo Y, Hong YA, Cai W, et al. Effect of a WeChat-Based Intervention (Run4Love) on Depressive Symptoms Among People Living With HIV in China: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(2):e16715."
        },
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        },
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          "study": "He, 2022",
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        },
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          "ref": "van Luenen, S., Garnefski, N., Spinhoven, P., & Kraaij, V. (2018). Guided internet-based intervention for people with HIV and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial in the Netherlands. The lancet HIV, 5(9), e488-e497."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2023",
          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wiechers, 2023",
          "ref": "Wiechers M, Strupf M, Bajbouj M, Böge K, Karnouk C, Goerigk S, et al. Empowerment group therapy for refugees with affective disorders: results of a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Eur Psychiatry. 2023;66(1):e64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2018",
          "ref": "Williams C, McClay CA, Matthews L, et al. Community-based group guided self-help intervention for low mood and stress: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry 2018; 212(2): 88-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wright, 2022",
          "ref": "Wright, J. H., Owen, J., Eells, T. D., Antle, B., Bishop, L. B., Girdler, R., . . . Ali, S. (2022). Effect of Computer-Assisted Cognitive Behavior Therapy vs Usual Care on Depression Among Adults in Primary Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open, 5(2), e2146716. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.46716"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2025",
          "ref": "Yan S, Zhong S, Lyu S, Lai S, Zhang Y, Luo Y, et al. A randomized trial of virtual reality eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy for major depressive disorder with childhood trauma: A 3-month follow-up study. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. 2025."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        }
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        {
          "study": "Baumeister, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumeister, H., Paganini, S., Sander, L. B., Lin, J., Schlicker, S., Terhorst, Y., Moshagen, M., Bengel, J., Lehr, D., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effectiveness of a Guided Internet- and Mobile-Based Intervention for Patients with Chronic Back Pain and Depression (WARD-BP): A Multicenter, Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 90(4), 255-268. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511881"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bendig, 2021",
          "ref": "Bendig, E., Bauereiß, N., Buntrock, C., Habibović, M., Ebert, D. D., & Baumeister, H. (2021). Lessons learned from an attempted randomized-controlled feasibility trial on “WIDeCAD” - An internet-based depression treatment for people living with coronary artery disease (CAD) [Article]. Internet Interventions, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100375"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
          "ref": "Bolinski, F., Kleiboer, A., Neijenhuijs, K., Karyotaki, E., Wiers, R., de Koning, L., . . . Riper, H. (2022). Challenges in Recruiting University Students for Web-Based Indicated Prevention of Depression and Anxiety: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial (ICare Prevent). J Med Internet Res, 24(12), e40892. doi:10.2196/4089"
        },
        {
          "study": "Burns, 2013",
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        },
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          "study": "Cramer, 2011",
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Gilbody, 2017",
          "ref": "Gilbody S, Brabyn S, Lovell K, Kessler D, Devlin T, Smith L, Araya R, Barkham M, Bower P, Cooper C, Knowles S, Littlewood E, Richards DA, Tallon D, White D, Worthy G; REEACT collaborative. Telephone-supported computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy: REEACT-2 large-scale pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2017 May;210(5):362-367. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.116.192435. Epub 2017 Mar 2. PMID: 28254959."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gilbody, 2021",
          "ref": "Gilbody, S., et al. (2021). \"Can We Prevent Depression in At-Risk Older Adults Using Self-Help? The UK SHARD Trial of Behavioral Activation.\" American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gilbody, 2024",
          "ref": "Gilbody, S., Littlewood, E., McMillan, D., Atha, L., Bailey, D., Baird, K., . . . Ekers, D. (2024). Behavioural activation to mitigate the psychological impacts of COVID-19 restrictions on older people in England and Wales (BASIL+): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Healthy Longevity, 5(2), e97-e107. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/s2666-7568(23)00238-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Haakana, 2024",
          "ref": "Haakana, R., Rosenström, T., Parkkinen, L., Tuomisto, M. T., & Isometsä, E. (2024). Effectiveness of an add-on brief group behavioral activation treatment for depression in psychiatric care: a randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 15. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1284363"
        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2012a",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2013",
          "ref": "Johansson, R., Björklund, M., Hornborg, C., Karlsson, S., Hesser, H., Ljótsson, B. L., . . . Andersson, G. (2013). Affect-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression and anxiety through the internet: A randomized controlled trial. PeerJ, 2013(1). doi:10.7717/peerj.102"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2019b",
          "ref": "Johansson P, Westas M, Andersson G, Alehagen U, Broström A, Jaarsma T, Mourad G, Lundgren J An Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program Adapted to Patients With Cardiovascular Disease and Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial JMIR Ment Health 2019;6(10):e14648"
        },
        {
          "study": "Karyotaki, 2022",
          "ref": "Karyotaki, E., Klein, A. M., Ciharova, M., Bolinski, F., Krijnen, L., de Koning, L., . . . Cuijpers, P. (2022). Guided internet-based transdiagnostic individually tailored Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in college students: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 150, 104028. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.104028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kemmeren, 2023",
          "ref": "Kemmeren, L. L., van Schaik, A., Draisma, S., Kleiboer, A., Riper, H., & Smit, J. H. (2023). Effectiveness of Blended Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Treatment as Usual for Depression in Routine Specialized Mental Healthcare: E-COMPARED Trial in the Netherlands. Cognitive Therapy and Research. doi:10.1007/s10608-023-10363-y"
        },
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          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
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          "study": "Klein, 2016",
          "ref": "Klein, J. P., Berger, T., Schröder, J., Späth, C., Meyer, B., Caspar, F., Lutz, W., Arndt, A., Greiner, W., Gräfe, V., Hautzinger, M., Fuhr, K., Rose, M., Nolte, S., Löwe, B., Anderssoni, G., Vettorazzi, E., Moritz, S., & Hohagen, F. (2016). Effects of a Psychological Internet Intervention in the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Depressive Symptoms: Results of the EVIDENT Study, a Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 85(4), 218-228."
        },
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          "study": "Knapstad, 2020",
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        },
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          "study": "Koelen, 2024",
          "ref": "Koelen, J., Klein, A., Wolters, N., Bol, E., De Koning, L., Roetink, S., ... & Wiers, R. (2024). Web-Based, Human-Guided, or Computer-Guided Transdiagnostic Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in University Students With Anxiety and Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Mental Health, 11, e50503."
        },
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          "study": "Lemma, 2013",
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        },
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          "study": "Lloyd-Williams, 2018",
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        },
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          "study": "Lobner, 2018",
          "ref": "Lobner M, Pabst A, Stein J, et al. Computerized cognitive behavior therapy for patients with mild to moderately severe depression in primary care: A pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial (@ktiv). J Affect Disord 2018-238: 317-26."
        },
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          "study": "Lovell, 2008",
          "ref": "Lovell K, Bower P, Richards D, Barkham Mi, Sibbald B, Roberts C, et al. Developing guided self-help for depression using the medical research council complex interventions framework: A description of the modelling phase and results of an exploratory randomised controlled trial. BMC psychiatry. 2008;8."
        },
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          "study": "Lukas, 2021",
          "ref": "Lukas, C. A., et al. (2021). \"A gamified smartphone-based intervention for depression: Randomized controlled pilot trial.\" JMIR Mental Health 8(7)."
        },
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          "study": "Lundgren, 2016",
          "ref": "Lundgren JG, Dahlstrom O, Andersson G, Jaarsma T, Karner Kohler A, Johansson P. The effect of guided web-based cognitive behavioral therapy on patients with depressive symptoms and heart failure: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2016;18(8):e194."
        },
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          "study": "Lynch, 2020",
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        },
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          "study": "MacPherson, 2013",
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        },
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          "study": "Meyer, 2015",
          "ref": "Meyer B, Bierbrodt J, Schroder J, Berger T, Beevers CG, Weiss M, et al. Effects of an Internet intervention (Deprexis) on severe depression symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Internet Interventions. 2015;2(1):48-59."
        },
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          "study": "Meyer, 2019",
          "ref": "Meyer, B., Weiss, M., Holtkamp, M., Arnold, S., Brückner, K., Schröder, J., . . . Nestoriuc, Y. (2019). Effects of an epilepsy-specific Internet intervention (Emyna) on depression: Results of the ENCODE randomized controlled trial. Epilepsia, 60(4), 656-668. doi:10.1111/epi.14673"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mueller-Weinitschke, 2023",
          "ref": "Mueller-Weinitschke C, Bengel J, Baumeister H, Krämer LV. Effects of a Web-Based Behavioral Activation Intervention on Depressive Symptoms, Activation, Motivation, and Volition: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nasrin, 2017",
          "ref": "Nasrin, F., Rimes, K., Reinecke, A., Rinck, M., & Barnhofer, T. (2017). Effects of Brief Behavioural Activation on Approach and Avoidance Tendencies in Acute Depression: preliminary Findings. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 45(1), 58-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2013",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Noone, 2022",
          "ref": "Noone, D., Payne, J., Stott, J., Aguirre, E., Patel-Palfreman, M. M., Stoner, C., . . . Spector, A. (2022). The Feasibility of a Mindfulness Intervention for Depression in People with Mild Dementia: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Clinical gerontologist, 1-13. doi:10.1080/07317115.2022.2094741"
        },
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          "study": "Nyström, 2017",
          "ref": "Nyström, M., Stenling, A., Sjöström, E., Neely, G., Lindner, P., HassmÈn, P., . . . Carlbring, P. (2017). Behavioral activation versus physical activity via the internet: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 215, 85-93."
        },
        {
          "study": "Oehler, 2020",
          "ref": "Oehler C, Görges F, Rogalla M, Rummel-Kluge C, Hegerl U. Efficacy of a Guided Web-Based Self-Management Intervention for Depression or Dysthymia: Randomized Controlled Trial With a 12-Month Follow-Up Using an Active Control Condition. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(7):e15361."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pellas, 2022",
          "ref": "Pellas, J., Renner, F., Ji, J. L., & Damberg, M. (2022). Telephone-based behavioral activation with mental imagery for depression: A pilot randomized clinical trial in isolated older adults during the Covid-19 pandemic. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 37(1). doi:10.1002/gps.5646"
        },
        {
          "study": "Phillips, 2014",
          "ref": "Phillips R, Schneider J, Molosankwe I, Leese M, Foroushani P, Grime P. Randomized controlled trial of computerized cognitive behavioural therapy for depressive symptoms: Effectiveness and costs of a workplace intervention. Psychological Medicine. 2014;44(4):741-52."
        },
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          "study": "Pott, 2022",
          "ref": "Pott, S. L., Kellett, S., Green, S., Daughters, S., & Delgadillo, J. (2022). Behavioral activation for depression delivered by drug and alcohol treatment workers: A pilot randomized controlled trial. J Subst Abuse Treat, 139, 108769. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2022.108769"
        },
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          "study": "Raevuori, 2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Reins, 2019",
          "ref": "Reins, J. A., Boß, L., Lehr, D., Berking, M., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). The more I got, the less I need? Efficacy of Internet-based guided self-help compared to online psychoeducation for major depressive disorder. Journal of, 246, 695-705. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.065"
        },
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          "study": "Richards, 2020",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Enrique, A., Eilert, N., Franklin, M., Palacios, J., Duffy, D., . . . Timulak, L. (2020). A pragmatic randomized waitlist-controlled effectiveness and cost-effectiveness trial of digital interventions for depression and anxiety. npj Digital Medicine, 3(1). doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0293-8"
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Sander, 2020",
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        },
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          "study": "Schaeuffele, 2022",
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        },
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          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
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          "study": "Serfaty, 2020",
          "ref": "Serfaty, M., King, M., Nazareth, I., Moorey, S., Aspden, T., Tookman, A., . . . Jones, L. (2019). Manualised cognitive and behavioural therapy in treating depression in advanced cancer: the CanTalk RCT. Health Technology Assessment, 23(19), 1‐106. doi:10.3310/hta23190"
        },
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          "study": "Sugg, 2018",
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        },
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          "study": "Thomas, 2019",
          "ref": "Thomas, S. A., Drummond, A. E., Lincoln, N. B., Palmer, R. L., das Nair, R., Latimer, N. R., . . . Topcu, G. (2019). Behavioural activation therapy for post-stroke depression: the BEADS feasibility RCT. Health Technol Assess, 23(47), 1-176. doi:10.3310/hta23470"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
          "ref": "van Luenen, S., Garnefski, N., Spinhoven, P., & Kraaij, V. (2018). Guided internet-based intervention for people with HIV and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial in the Netherlands. The lancet HIV, 5(9), e488-e497."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wiechers, 2023",
          "ref": "Wiechers M, Strupf M, Bajbouj M, Böge K, Karnouk C, Goerigk S, et al. Empowerment group therapy for refugees with affective disorders: results of a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Eur Psychiatry. 2023;66(1):e64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2018",
          "ref": "Williams C, McClay CA, Matthews L, et al. Community-based group guided self-help intervention for low mood and stress: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry 2018; 212(2): 88-95."
        }
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abas, 2018",
          "ref": "Abas M, Nyamayaro P, Bere T, et al. Feasibility and acceptability of a task-shifted intervention to enhance adherence to HIV medication and improve depression in people living with HIV in Zimbabwe, a low income country in sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS and Behavior 2018; 22(1): 86-101."
        },
        {
          "study": "Abbas, 2023a",
          "ref": "Abbas, Q., Latif, S., Ayaz Habib, H., Shahzad, S., Sarwar, U., Shahzadi, M., . . . Washdev, W. (2023). Cognitive behavior therapy for diabetes distress, depression, health anxiety, quality of life and treatment adherence among patients with Type-II diabetes mellitus: A randomized control trial. BMC Psychiatry, 23. doi:10.1186/s12888-023-04546-w"
        },
        {
          "study": "Abbas, 2023b",
          "ref": "Abbas, Q., Nisa, M., Khan, M. U., Anwar, N., Aljhani, S., Ramzan, Z., & Shahzadi, M. (2023). Brief cognitive behavior therapy for stigmatization, depression, quality of life, social support and adherence to treatment among patients with HIV/AIDS: a randomized control trial. BMC Psychiatry, 23(1), 539."
        },
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          "study": "Ahmed, 2025",
          "ref": "Ahmed N, Zavala GA, Siddiqui F, Aslam F, Keding A, Halmkan S, et al. A randomised controlled feasibility trial of Behavioural activation as a treatment for people with diabetes and depression: (DiaDeM feasibility trial). J Affect Disord. 2025;372:333-46."
        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Yan, 2025",
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        },
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        }
      ]
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      "sgv": "North America",
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      "refs": [
        {
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        {
          "study": "Funderburk, 2021",
          "ref": "Funderburk, J. S., Pigeon, W. R., Shepardson, R. L., Wade, M., Acker, J., Fivecoat, H., Wray, L. O., & Maisto, S. A. (2021). Treating depressive symptoms among veterans in primary care: A multi-site RCT of brief behavioral activation. J Affect Disord, 283, 11-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.01.033"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gitlin, 2013",
          "ref": "Gitlin LN, Harris LF, McCoy MC, Chernett NL, Pizzi LT, Jutkowitz E, et al. A home-based intervention to reduce depressive symptoms and improve quality of life in older African Americans: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;159(4):243-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Graham, 2020",
          "ref": "Graham, A. K., Greene, C. J., Kwasny, M. J., Kaiser, S. M., Lieponis, P., Powell, T., & Mohr, D. C. (2020). Coached mobile app platform for the treatment of depression and anxiety among primary care patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(9), 906-914. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kamga, 2017",
          "ref": "Kamga, H., McCusker, J., Yaffe, M., Sewitch, M., Sussman, T., Strumpf, E., . . . Freeman, E. (2017). Self-care tools to treat depressive symptoms in patients with age-related eye disease: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Clinical & experimental ophthalmology, 45(4), 371-378."
        },
        {
          "study": "Keeley, 2016",
          "ref": "Keeley RD, Brody DS, Engel M, Burke BL, Nordstrom K, Moralez E, et al. Motivational interviewing improves depression outcome in primary care: A cluster randomized trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2016;84(11):993-1007."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerner, 2015",
          "ref": "Lerner D, Adler DA, Rogers WH, Chang H, Greenhill A, Cymerman E, et al. A randomized clinical trial of a telephone depression intervention to reduce employee presenteeism and absenteeism. Psychiatric Services. 2015;66(6):570-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "MacLean, 2020",
          "ref": "MacLean S, Corsi DJ, Litchfield S, et al. Coach-facilitated web-based therapy compared with information about web-based resources in patients referred to secondary mental health care for depression: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2020;22(6)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohr, 2011",
          "ref": "Mohr DC, Carmody T, Erickson L, Jin L, Leader J. Telephone-administered cognitive behavioral therapy for veterans served by community-based outpatient clinics. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2011;79(2):261-5."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohr, 2013",
          "ref": "Mohr DC, Duffecy J, Ho J, Kwasny M, Cai X, Burns MN, et al. A randomized controlled trial evaluating a manualized TeleCoaching protocol for improving adherence to a web-based intervention for the treatment of depression. PLoS One. 2013;8(8):e70086."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nassim, 2021",
          "ref": "Nassim, M., Park, H., Dikaios, E., Potes, A., Elbaz, S., Mc Veigh, C., . . . Rej, S. (2021). Brief Mindfulness Intervention vs. Health Enhancement Program for Patients Undergoing Dialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel), 9(6). doi:10.3390/healthcare9060659"
        },
        {
          "study": "Powers, 2023",
          "ref": "Powers, A., Lathan, E. C., Dixon, H. D., Mekawi, Y., Hinrichs, R., Carter, S., . . . Kaslow, N. J. (2023). Primary care-based mindfulness intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms among Black adults: A pilot feasibility and acceptability randomized controlled trial. Psychol Trauma, 15(5), 858-867."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rosso, 2017",
          "ref": "Rosso, I. M., Killgore, W. D., Olson, E. A., Webb, C. A., Fukunaga, R., Auerbach, R. P., Gogel, H., Buchholz, J. L., & Rauch, S. L. Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 34(3), 236-245. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5540163/pdf/nihms884093.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sadeh-Sharvit, 2023",
          "ref": "Sadeh-Sharvit, S., Camp, T. D., Horton, S. E., Hefner, J. D., Berry, J. M., Grossman, E., & Hollon, S. D. (2023). Effects of an artificial intelligence platform for behavioral interventions on depression and anxiety symptoms: randomized clinical trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e46781."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schure, 2019",
          "ref": "Schure, M. B., Lindow, J. C., Greist, J. H., Nakonezny, P. A., Bailey, S. J., Bryan, W. L., & Byerly, M. J. (2019). Use of a Fully Automated Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy Intervention in a Community Population of Adults With Depression Symptoms: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 21(11), e14754. doi:10.2196/14754"
        },
        {
          "study": "Segal, 2020",
          "ref": "Segal, Z. V., Dimidjian, S., Beck, A., Boggs, J. M., Vanderkruik, R., Metcalf, C. A., . . . Levy, J. (2020). Outcomes of Online Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Patients with Residual Depressive Symptoms: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(6), 563-573. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.4693"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheeber, 2017",
          "ref": "Sheeber, L., Feil, E., Seeley, J., Leve, C., Gau, J., Davis, B., . . . Allan, S. (2017). Mom-net: evaluation of an internet-facilitated cognitive behavioral intervention for low-income depressed mothers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(4), 355-366."
        },
        {
          "study": "Silverstone, 2017",
          "ref": "Silverstone, P. H., Rittenbach, K., Suen, V. Y. M., Moretzsohn, A., Cribben, I., Bercov, M., . . . Trew, M. (2017). Depression outcomes in adults attending family practice were not improved by screening, stepped-care, or online CBT during a 12-week study when compared to controls in a randomized trial."
        },
        {
          "study": "Spruill, 2021",
          "ref": "Spruill, T. M., Friedman, D., Diaz, L., Butler, M. J., Goldfeld, K. S., O'Kula, S., . . . Devinsky, O. (2021). Telephone-based depression self-management in Hispanic adults with epilepsy: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Transl Behav Med, 11(7), 1451-1460. doi:10.1093/tbm/ibab045"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stiles-Shields, 2018",
          "ref": "Stiles-Shields, C., Montague, E., Kwasny, M. J., & Mohr, D. C. (2019). Behavioral and cognitive intervention strategies delivered via coached apps for depression: Pilot trial. Psychological services, 16(2), 233-238. doi:10.1037/ser0000261"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stuart, 2022",
          "ref": "StuartRoderick, HeidiFischer, SLeitzke, A., DavidaBecker, NeetaSaheba, & JColeman, K. (2022). The Effectiveness of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for the Treatment of Depression in a Large Real-World Primary Care Practice: A Randomized Trial. The Permanente Journal, 26(3), 53-60. https://doi.org/doi:10.7812/TPP/21.183"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tomasino, 2017",
          "ref": "Tomasino, K., Lattie, E., Ho, J., Palac, H., Kaiser, S., & Mohr, D. (2017). Harnessing Peer Support in an Online Intervention for Older Adults with Depression. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25(10), 1109-1119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Torres, 2019",
          "ref": "Torres-Platas SG, Escobar S, Belliveau C, Wu J, Sasi N, Fotso J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Intervention for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. and Psychosomatics. 2019;88(4):254-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wright, 2022",
          "ref": "Wright, J. H., Owen, J., Eells, T. D., Antle, B., Bishop, L. B., Girdler, R., . . . Ali, S. (2022). Effect of Computer-Assisted Cognitive Behavior Therapy vs Usual Care on Depression Among Adults in Primary Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open, 5(2), e2146716. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.46716"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1650,
      "instr": "PHQ-9",
      "full": "Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 item version",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "North America",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 138,
      "k_es": 158,
      "sd": 5.019,
      "lo": 4.773,
      "hi": 5.277,
      "tau2": 0.0775,
      "tau2w": 0.005,
      "plo": 2.852,
      "phi": 8.833,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abas, 2018",
          "ref": "Abas M, Nyamayaro P, Bere T, et al. Feasibility and acceptability of a task-shifted intervention to enhance adherence to HIV medication and improve depression in people living with HIV in Zimbabwe, a low income country in sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS and Behavior 2018; 22(1): 86-101."
        },
        {
          "study": "Abbas, 2023a",
          "ref": "Abbas, Q., Latif, S., Ayaz Habib, H., Shahzad, S., Sarwar, U., Shahzadi, M., . . . Washdev, W. (2023). Cognitive behavior therapy for diabetes distress, depression, health anxiety, quality of life and treatment adherence among patients with Type-II diabetes mellitus: A randomized control trial. BMC Psychiatry, 23. doi:10.1186/s12888-023-04546-w"
        },
        {
          "study": "Abbas, 2023b",
          "ref": "Abbas, Q., Nisa, M., Khan, M. U., Anwar, N., Aljhani, S., Ramzan, Z., & Shahzadi, M. (2023). Brief cognitive behavior therapy for stigmatization, depression, quality of life, social support and adherence to treatment among patients with HIV/AIDS: a randomized control trial. BMC Psychiatry, 23(1), 539."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ahmed, 2025",
          "ref": "Ahmed N, Zavala GA, Siddiqui F, Aslam F, Keding A, Halmkan S, et al. A randomised controlled feasibility trial of Behavioural activation as a treatment for people with diabetes and depression: (DiaDeM feasibility trial). J Affect Disord. 2025;372:333-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Arjadi, 2018",
          "ref": "Arjadi R, Nauta MH, Scholte WF, et al. Internet-based behavioural activation with lay counsellor support versus online minimal psychoeducation without support for treatment of depression: a randomised controlled trial in Indonesia. The lancet psychiatry 2018; 5(9): 707‐16."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bae, 2023",
          "ref": "Bae, J. H., Park, E. H., Lee, H. K., Yoon, K. H., Won, K. C., Kim, H. M., & Kim, S. G. (2024). Enhancing Diabetes Care through a Mobile Application: A Randomized Clinical Trial on Integrating Physical and Mental Health among Disadvantaged Individuals. Diabetes Metab J. https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0298 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
          "ref": "Bathgate, C. J., Kilbourn, K. M., Murphy, N. H., Wamboldt, F. S., & Holm, K. E. (2022). Pilot RCT of a telehealth intervention to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, 21(2), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Baumeister, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumeister, H., Paganini, S., Sander, L. B., Lin, J., Schlicker, S., Terhorst, Y., Moshagen, M., Bengel, J., Lehr, D., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effectiveness of a Guided Internet- and Mobile-Based Intervention for Patients with Chronic Back Pain and Depression (WARD-BP): A Multicenter, Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 90(4), 255-268. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511881"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bedard, 2014",
          "ref": "Bedard M, Felteau M, Marshall S, Cullen N, Gibbons C, Dubois S, et al. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy reduces symptoms of depression in people with a traumatic brain injury: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. 2014;29(4):E13-E22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bedford, 2018",
          "ref": "Bedford LA, Dietch JR, Taylor DJ, Boals A, Zayfert C. Computer-Guided Problem-Solving Treatment for Depression, PTSD, and Insomnia Symptoms in Student Veterans: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior therapy 2018-49(5): 756‐67."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bendig, 2021",
          "ref": "Bendig, E., Bauereiß, N., Buntrock, C., Habibović, M., Ebert, D. D., & Baumeister, H. (2021). Lessons learned from an attempted randomized-controlled feasibility trial on “WIDeCAD” - An internet-based depression treatment for people living with coronary artery disease (CAD) [Article]. Internet Interventions, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100375"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berman, 2022",
          "ref": "Berman, M. I., Park, J., Kragenbrink, M. E., & Hegel, M. T. (2022). Accept Yourself! A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Self-Acceptance-Based Treatment for Large-Bodied Women With Depression. Behav Ther, 53(5), 913-926. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.03.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
          "ref": "Bolinski, F., Kleiboer, A., Neijenhuijs, K., Karyotaki, E., Wiers, R., de Koning, L., . . . Riper, H. (2022). Challenges in Recruiting University Students for Web-Based Indicated Prevention of Depression and Anxiety: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial (ICare Prevent). J Med Internet Res, 24(12), e40892. doi:10.2196/4089"
        },
        {
          "study": "Burns, 2013",
          "ref": "Burns A, O'Mahen H, Baxter H, Bennert K, Wiles N, Ramchandani P, et al. A pilot randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for antenatal depression. BMC psychiatry. 2013;13:33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chen, 2023",
          "ref": "Chen, X., Zeng, M., Chen, C., Zhu, D., Chen, L., & Jiang, Z. (2023). Efficacy of Psycho-Cardiology therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with mild anxiety and depression. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 9. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1031255"
        },
        {
          "study": "Choi, 2012",
          "ref": "Choi I, Zou J, Titov N, Dear BF, Li S, Johnston L, et al. Culturally attuned Internet treatment for depression amongst Chinese Australians: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2012;136(3):459-68."
        },
        {
          "study": "Clarke, 2019",
          "ref": "Clarke, J., Sanatkar, S., Baldwin, P. A., Fletcher, S., Gunn, J., Wilhelm, K., Campbell, L., Zwar, N., Harris, M., Lapsley, H., Hadzi-Pavlovic, D., Christensen, H., & Proudfoot, J. (2019). A Web-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy Intervention to Improve Social and Occupational Functioning in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes (The SpringboarD Trial): Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 21(5), e12246."
        },
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          "study": "Cooper, 2024",
          "ref": "Cooper, Z. W., Mowbray, O., Ali, M. K., & Johnson, L. C. M. (2024). Addressing depression and comorbid health conditions through solution-focused brief therapy in an integrated care setting: a randomized clinical trial. BMC Prim Care, 25(1), 313. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-024-02561-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Cramer, 2011",
          "ref": "Cramer H, Salisbury C, Conrad J, Eldred J, Araya R. Group cognitive behavioural therapy for women with depression: Pilot and feasibility study for a randomised controlled trial using mixed methods. BMC psychiatry. 2011;11:82."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cuijpers, 2022a",
          "ref": "Cuijpers, P., Heim, E., Abi Ramia, J., Burchert, S., Carswell, K., Cornelisz, I., . . . El Chammay, R. (2022). Effects of a WHO-guided digital health intervention for depression in Syrian refugees in Lebanon: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS Med, 19(6), e1004025. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1004025"
        },
        {
          "study": "Cuijpers, 2022b",
          "ref": "Cuijpers, P., Heim, E., Ramia, J. A., Burchert, S., Carswell, K., Cornelisz, I., . . . El Chammay, R. (2022). Guided digital health intervention for depression in Lebanon: randomised trial. Evidence Based Mental Health, 25(e1), e34. doi:10.1136/ebmental-2021-300416"
        },
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          "study": "Danaher, 2022",
          "ref": "Danaher BG, Seeley JR, Silver RK, Tyler MS, Kim JJ, La Porte LM, Cleveland E, Smith DR, Milgrom J, Gau JM. Trial of a patient-directed eHealth program to ameliorate perinatal depression: the MomMoodBooster2 practical effectiveness study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2023 Apr;228(4):453.e1-453.e10. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022927."
        },
        {
          "study": "Deady, 2016",
          "ref": "Deady, M., Mills, K. L., Teesson, M., & Kay-Lambkin, F. (2016). An Online Intervention for Co-Occurring Depression and Problematic Alcohol Use in Young People: Primary Outcomes From a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 18(3), e71"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dimidjian, 2017",
          "ref": "Dimidjian, S., Goodman, S., Sherwood, N., Simon, G., Ludman, E., Gallop, R., . . . Beck, A. (2017). A Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial of Behavioral Activation for Depressed Pregnant Women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(1), 26-36"
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dwight-Johnson, 2011",
          "ref": "Dwight-Johnson M, Aisenberg E, Golinelli D, Hong S, O'Brien M, Ludman E. Telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for Latino patients living in rural areas: A randomized pilot study. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(8):936-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Forand, 2018",
          "ref": "Forand NR, Barnett JG, Strunk DR, Hindiyeh MU, Feinberg JE, Keefe JR. Efficacy of Guided iCBT for Depression and Mediation of Change by Cognitive Skill Acquisition. Behavior Therapy 2018; 49(2): 295-307."
        },
        {
          "study": "Forman-Hoffman, 2024",
          "ref": "Forman-Hoffman, V. L., Sihvonen, S., Wielgosz, J., Kuhn, E., Nelson, B. W., Peiper, N. C., & Gould, C. E. (2024). Therapist-supported digital mental health intervention for depressive symptoms: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 349, 494-501. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.057"
        },
        {
          "study": "Frangou, 2021",
          "ref": "Frangou, E., Bertelli, G., Love, S., Mackean, M. J., Glasspool, R. M., Fotopoulou, C., Cook, A., Nicum, S., Lord, R., Ferguson, M., Roux, R. L., Martinez, M., Butcher, C., Hulbert-Williams, N., Howells, L., & Blagden, S. P. (2021). OVPSYCH2: A randomized controlled trial of psychological support versus standard of care following chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol, 162(2), 431-439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.05.024"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fuhr, 2019",
          "ref": "Fuhr, D. C., Weobong, B., Lazarus, A., Vanobberghen, F., Weiss, H. A., Singla, D. R., . . . Patel, V. (2019). Delivering the Thinking Healthy Programme for perinatal depression through peers: An individually randomised controlled trial in India. The Lancet Psychiatry, 6(2), 115-127. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30466-8"
        },
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          "study": "Funderburk, 2021",
          "ref": "Funderburk, J. S., Pigeon, W. R., Shepardson, R. L., Wade, M., Acker, J., Fivecoat, H., Wray, L. O., & Maisto, S. A. (2021). Treating depressive symptoms among veterans in primary care: A multi-site RCT of brief behavioral activation. J Affect Disord, 283, 11-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.01.033"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gilbody, 2017",
          "ref": "Gilbody S, Brabyn S, Lovell K, Kessler D, Devlin T, Smith L, Araya R, Barkham M, Bower P, Cooper C, Knowles S, Littlewood E, Richards DA, Tallon D, White D, Worthy G; REEACT collaborative. Telephone-supported computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy: REEACT-2 large-scale pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2017 May;210(5):362-367. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.116.192435. Epub 2017 Mar 2. PMID: 28254959."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gilbody, 2021",
          "ref": "Gilbody, S., et al. (2021). \"Can We Prevent Depression in At-Risk Older Adults Using Self-Help? The UK SHARD Trial of Behavioral Activation.\" American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gilbody, 2024",
          "ref": "Gilbody, S., Littlewood, E., McMillan, D., Atha, L., Bailey, D., Baird, K., . . . Ekers, D. (2024). Behavioural activation to mitigate the psychological impacts of COVID-19 restrictions on older people in England and Wales (BASIL+): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Healthy Longevity, 5(2), e97-e107. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/s2666-7568(23)00238-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gitlin, 2013",
          "ref": "Gitlin LN, Harris LF, McCoy MC, Chernett NL, Pizzi LT, Jutkowitz E, et al. A home-based intervention to reduce depressive symptoms and improve quality of life in older African Americans: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;159(4):243-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Glozier, 2013",
          "ref": "Glozier N, Christensen H, Naismith S, Cockayne N, Donkin L, Neal B, et al. Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for adults with mild to moderate depression and high cardiovascular disease risks: A randomised attention-controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e59139."
        },
        {
          "study": "Graham, 2020",
          "ref": "Graham, A. K., Greene, C. J., Kwasny, M. J., Kaiser, S. M., Lieponis, P., Powell, T., & Mohr, D. C. (2020). Coached mobile app platform for the treatment of depression and anxiety among primary care patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(9), 906-914. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Guo, 2020",
          "ref": "Guo Y, Hong YA, Cai W, et al. Effect of a WeChat-Based Intervention (Run4Love) on Depressive Symptoms Among People Living With HIV in China: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(2):e16715."
        },
        {
          "study": "Haakana, 2024",
          "ref": "Haakana, R., Rosenström, T., Parkkinen, L., Tuomisto, M. T., & Isometsä, E. (2024). Effectiveness of an add-on brief group behavioral activation treatment for depression in psychiatric care: a randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 15. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1284363"
        },
        {
          "study": "He, 2022",
          "ref": "He, Y., Yang, L., Zhu, X., Wu, B., Zhang, S., Qian, C., & Tian, T. (2022). Mental Health Chatbot for Young Adults With Depressive Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Single-Blind, Three-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 24(11), e40719. doi:10.2196/40719"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heim, 2021",
          "ref": "Heim, E., Ramia, J. A., Hana, R. A., Burchert, S., Carswell, K., Cornelisz, I., . . . van't Hof, E. (2021). Step-by-step: Feasibility randomised controlled trial of a mobile-based intervention for depression among populations affected by adversity in Lebanon. Internet Interventions, 24, 100380. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100380"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hermanns, 2015",
          "ref": "Hermanns N, Schmitt A, Gahr A, Herder C, Nowotny B, Roden M, et al. The effect of a diabetes-specific cognitive behavioral treatment program (DIAMOS) for patients with diabetes and subclinical depression: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(4):551-60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021a",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Fatima, B., Chaudhry, I. B., Husain, M., Shah, S., Bassett, P., Cohen, N., Jafri, F., Naeem, S., Zadeh, Z., Roberts, C., Rahman, A., Naeem, F., Husain, M. I., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). An integrated parenting intervention for maternal depression and child development in a low-resource setting: Cluster randomized controlled trial [Article]. Depress Anxiety, 38(9), 925-939. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23169"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2023",
          "ref": "Husain N, Lunat F, Lovell K, Sharma D, Zaidi N, Bokhari A, et al. Exploratory RCT of a group psychological intervention for postnatal depression in British mothers of South Asian origin - ROSHNI-D. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2023;238:103974."
        },
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          "ref": "StuartRoderick, HeidiFischer, SLeitzke, A., DavidaBecker, NeetaSaheba, & JColeman, K. (2022). The Effectiveness of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for the Treatment of Depression in a Large Real-World Primary Care Practice: A Randomized Trial. The Permanente Journal, 26(3), 53-60. https://doi.org/doi:10.7812/TPP/21.183"
        },
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          "study": "Sugg, 2018",
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        },
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          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Thomas, 2019",
          "ref": "Thomas, S. A., Drummond, A. E., Lincoln, N. B., Palmer, R. L., das Nair, R., Latimer, N. R., . . . Topcu, G. (2019). Behavioural activation therapy for post-stroke depression: the BEADS feasibility RCT. Health Technol Assess, 23(47), 1-176. doi:10.3310/hta23470"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2011",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., et al. (2011). Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 441–452."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2015a",
          "ref": "Titov N, Dear BF, Ali S, Zou JB, Lorian CN, Johnston L, et al. Clinical and cost-effectiveness of therapist-guided internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for older adults with symptoms of depression: A randomized controlled trial. Behavior Therapy. 2015;46(2):193-205."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tomasino, 2017",
          "ref": "Tomasino, K., Lattie, E., Ho, J., Palac, H., Kaiser, S., & Mohr, D. (2017). Harnessing Peer Support in an Online Intervention for Older Adults with Depression. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25(10), 1109-1119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Torres, 2019",
          "ref": "Torres-Platas SG, Escobar S, Belliveau C, Wu J, Sasi N, Fotso J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Intervention for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. and Psychosomatics. 2019;88(4):254-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
          "ref": "Tully, P. J., Turnbull, D. A., Horowitz, J. D., Beltrame, J. F., Baune, B. T., Sauer-Zavala, S., . . . Wittert, G. A. (2022). Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Results From the CHAMPS Pilot-Feasibility Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.741039"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
          "ref": "van Luenen, S., Garnefski, N., Spinhoven, P., & Kraaij, V. (2018). Guided internet-based intervention for people with HIV and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial in the Netherlands. The lancet HIV, 5(9), e488-e497."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2023",
          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wiechers, 2023",
          "ref": "Wiechers M, Strupf M, Bajbouj M, Böge K, Karnouk C, Goerigk S, et al. Empowerment group therapy for refugees with affective disorders: results of a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Eur Psychiatry. 2023;66(1):e64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2018",
          "ref": "Williams C, McClay CA, Matthews L, et al. Community-based group guided self-help intervention for low mood and stress: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry 2018; 212(2): 88-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wright, 2022",
          "ref": "Wright, J. H., Owen, J., Eells, T. D., Antle, B., Bishop, L. B., Girdler, R., . . . Ali, S. (2022). Effect of Computer-Assisted Cognitive Behavior Therapy vs Usual Care on Depression Among Adults in Primary Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open, 5(2), e2146716. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.46716"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2025",
          "ref": "Yan S, Zhong S, Lyu S, Lai S, Zhang Y, Luo Y, et al. A randomized trial of virtual reality eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy for major depressive disorder with childhood trauma: A 3-month follow-up study. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. 2025."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
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        {
          "study": "Abas, 2018",
          "ref": "Abas M, Nyamayaro P, Bere T, et al. Feasibility and acceptability of a task-shifted intervention to enhance adherence to HIV medication and improve depression in people living with HIV in Zimbabwe, a low income country in sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS and Behavior 2018; 22(1): 86-101."
        },
        {
          "study": "Abbas, 2023a",
          "ref": "Abbas, Q., Latif, S., Ayaz Habib, H., Shahzad, S., Sarwar, U., Shahzadi, M., . . . Washdev, W. (2023). Cognitive behavior therapy for diabetes distress, depression, health anxiety, quality of life and treatment adherence among patients with Type-II diabetes mellitus: A randomized control trial. BMC Psychiatry, 23. doi:10.1186/s12888-023-04546-w"
        },
        {
          "study": "Abbas, 2023b",
          "ref": "Abbas, Q., Nisa, M., Khan, M. U., Anwar, N., Aljhani, S., Ramzan, Z., & Shahzadi, M. (2023). Brief cognitive behavior therapy for stigmatization, depression, quality of life, social support and adherence to treatment among patients with HIV/AIDS: a randomized control trial. BMC Psychiatry, 23(1), 539."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ahmed, 2025",
          "ref": "Ahmed N, Zavala GA, Siddiqui F, Aslam F, Keding A, Halmkan S, et al. A randomised controlled feasibility trial of Behavioural activation as a treatment for people with diabetes and depression: (DiaDeM feasibility trial). J Affect Disord. 2025;372:333-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Arjadi, 2018",
          "ref": "Arjadi R, Nauta MH, Scholte WF, et al. Internet-based behavioural activation with lay counsellor support versus online minimal psychoeducation without support for treatment of depression: a randomised controlled trial in Indonesia. The lancet psychiatry 2018; 5(9): 707‐16."
        },
        {
          "study": "Choi, 2012",
          "ref": "Choi I, Zou J, Titov N, Dear BF, Li S, Johnston L, et al. Culturally attuned Internet treatment for depression amongst Chinese Australians: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2012;136(3):459-68."
        },
        {
          "study": "Clarke, 2019",
          "ref": "Clarke, J., Sanatkar, S., Baldwin, P. A., Fletcher, S., Gunn, J., Wilhelm, K., Campbell, L., Zwar, N., Harris, M., Lapsley, H., Hadzi-Pavlovic, D., Christensen, H., & Proudfoot, J. (2019). A Web-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy Intervention to Improve Social and Occupational Functioning in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes (The SpringboarD Trial): Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 21(5), e12246."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cuijpers, 2022a",
          "ref": "Cuijpers, P., Heim, E., Abi Ramia, J., Burchert, S., Carswell, K., Cornelisz, I., . . . El Chammay, R. (2022). Effects of a WHO-guided digital health intervention for depression in Syrian refugees in Lebanon: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS Med, 19(6), e1004025. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1004025"
        },
        {
          "study": "Cuijpers, 2022b",
          "ref": "Cuijpers, P., Heim, E., Ramia, J. A., Burchert, S., Carswell, K., Cornelisz, I., . . . El Chammay, R. (2022). Guided digital health intervention for depression in Lebanon: randomised trial. Evidence Based Mental Health, 25(e1), e34. doi:10.1136/ebmental-2021-300416"
        },
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          "study": "Deady, 2016",
          "ref": "Deady, M., Mills, K. L., Teesson, M., & Kay-Lambkin, F. (2016). An Online Intervention for Co-Occurring Depression and Problematic Alcohol Use in Young People: Primary Outcomes From a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 18(3), e71"
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
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          "study": "Fuhr, 2019",
          "ref": "Fuhr, D. C., Weobong, B., Lazarus, A., Vanobberghen, F., Weiss, H. A., Singla, D. R., . . . Patel, V. (2019). Delivering the Thinking Healthy Programme for perinatal depression through peers: An individually randomised controlled trial in India. The Lancet Psychiatry, 6(2), 115-127. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30466-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Glozier, 2013",
          "ref": "Glozier N, Christensen H, Naismith S, Cockayne N, Donkin L, Neal B, et al. Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for adults with mild to moderate depression and high cardiovascular disease risks: A randomised attention-controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e59139."
        },
        {
          "study": "Heim, 2021",
          "ref": "Heim, E., Ramia, J. A., Hana, R. A., Burchert, S., Carswell, K., Cornelisz, I., . . . van't Hof, E. (2021). Step-by-step: Feasibility randomised controlled trial of a mobile-based intervention for depression among populations affected by adversity in Lebanon. Internet Interventions, 24, 100380. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100380"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021a",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Fatima, B., Chaudhry, I. B., Husain, M., Shah, S., Bassett, P., Cohen, N., Jafri, F., Naeem, S., Zadeh, Z., Roberts, C., Rahman, A., Naeem, F., Husain, M. I., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). An integrated parenting intervention for maternal depression and child development in a low-resource setting: Cluster randomized controlled trial [Article]. Depress Anxiety, 38(9), 925-939. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23169"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnston, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnston, L., Titov, N., Andrews, G., Spence, J., & Dear, B. F. (2011). A RCT of a transdiagnostic internet-delivered treatment for three anxiety disorders: examination of support roles and disorder-specific outcomes. PLoS One, 6(11), e28079. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jordans, 2019",
          "ref": "Jordans, M. J. D., Luitel, N. P., Garman, E., Kohrt, B. A., Rathod, S. D., Shrestha, P., . . . Patel, V. (2019). Effectiveness of psychological treatments for depression and alcohol use disorder delivered by community-based counsellors: Two pragmatic randomised controlled trials within primary healthcare in Nepal. British Journal of Psychiatry, 215(2), 485-493. doi:10.1192/bjp.2018.300"
        },
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          "study": "Kladnitski, 2020",
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        },
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          "study": "Lopes, 2023",
          "ref": "Lopes, R. T., da Rocha, G. C., Svacina, M. A., Meyer, B., Šipka, D., & Berger, T. (2023). Effectiveness of an Internet-Based Self-Guided Program to Treat Depression in a Sample of Brazilian Users: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Form Res, 7, e46326. https://doi.org/10.2196/46326 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Martin, 2015",
          "ref": "Martin PR, Aiello R, Gilson K, Meadows G, Milgrom J, Reece J. Cognitive behavior therapy for comorbid migraine and/or tension-type headache and major depressive disorder: An exploratory randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2015;73:8-18."
        },
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          "study": "Matsuzaka, 2017",
          "ref": "Matsuzaka, C., Wainberg, M., Norcini, P. A., Hoffmann, E., Coimbra, B., Braga, R., . . . Mello, M. (2017). Task shifting interpersonal counseling for depression: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial in primary care. BMC Psychiatry, 17(1)"
        },
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          "ref": "Morgan, A. J., Jorm, A. F., & Mackinnon, A. J. (2012). Email-based promotion of self-help for subthreshold depression: Mood Memos randomised controlled trial Multicenter Study-Randomized Controlled Trial-Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't. British Journal of Psychiatry, 200(5), 412-418. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.111.101394."
        },
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          "study": "Nakamura, 2023",
          "ref": "Nakamura, C. A., Seward, N., Peters, T. J., Didone, T. V. N., Moretti, F. A., da Costa, M. O., de Souza, C. H. Q., de Oliveira, G. M., dos Santos, M. S., Pereira, L. A., de Sá Martins, M. M., van de Ven, P., Hollingworth, W., Araya, R., & Scazufca, M. (2023). A self-help fully automated digital intervention to improve subthreshold depressive symptoms among older adults in a socioeconomically deprived region of Brazil (PRODIGITAL): a pragmatic, two-arm randomised controlled trial. In."
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2017",
          "ref": "Newby, J., Robins, L., Wilhelm, K., Smith, J., Fletcher, T., Gillis, I., . . . Andrews, G. (2017). Web-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Depression in People With Diabetes Mellitus: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 19(5), e157."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Moore, 2018",
          "ref": "O'Moore K A, Newby JM, Andrews G, et al. Internet Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression in Older Adults With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2018-70(1): 61-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Neil, 2014",
          "ref": "O'Neil A, Taylor B, Sanderson K, Cyril S, Chan B, Hawkes AL, et al. Efficacy and feasibility of a tele-health intervention for acute coronary syndrome patients with depression: Results of the \"MoodCare\" randomized controlled trial. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2014;48(2):163-74."
        },
        {
          "study": "Perini, 2009",
          "ref": "Perini S, Titov N, Andrews G. Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for depression: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;43(6):571-8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Petersen, 2014",
          "ref": "Petersen I, Hanass Hancock J, Bhana A, Govender K. A group-based counselling intervention for depression comorbid with HIV/AIDS using a task shifting approach in South Africa: A randomized controlled pilot study. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2014;158:78-84."
        },
        {
          "study": "Salamanca-Sanabria, 2020",
          "ref": "Salamanca-Sanabria A, Richards D, Timulak L, et al. A culturally adapted cognitive behavioral internet-delivered intervention for depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. JMIR Mental Health. 2020;7(1)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scazufca, 2022",
          "ref": "Scazufca, M., Nakamura, C. A., Seward, N., Moreno-Agostino, D., van de Ven, P., Hollingworth, W., . . . Araya, R. (2022). A task-shared, collaborative care psychosocial intervention for improving depressive symptomatology among older adults in a socioeconomically deprived area of Brazil (PROACTIVE): a pragmatic, two-arm, parallel-group, cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet Healthy Longev, 3(10), e690-e702. doi:10.1016/s2666-7568(22)00194-5"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sikander, 2019",
          "ref": "Sikander, S., Ahmad, I., Atif, N., Zaidi, A., Vanobberghen, F., Weiss, H. A., . . . Rahman, A. (2019). Delivering the Thinking Healthy Programme for perinatal depression through volunteer peers: a cluster randomised controlled trial in Pakistan. The Lancet Psychiatry, 6(2), 128-139. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30467-X"
        },
        {
          "study": "Smith, 2017",
          "ref": "Smith, J., Newby, J. M., Burston, N., Murphy, M. J., Michael, S., Mackenzie, A., . . . Andrews, G. (2017). Help from home for depression: A randomised controlled trial comparing internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy with bibliotherapy for depression. Internet Interventions, 9, 25-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2011",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., et al. (2011). Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 441–452."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2015a",
          "ref": "Titov N, Dear BF, Ali S, Zou JB, Lorian CN, Johnston L, et al. Clinical and cost-effectiveness of therapist-guided internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for older adults with symptoms of depression: A randomized controlled trial. Behavior Therapy. 2015;46(2):193-205."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
          "ref": "Tully, P. J., Turnbull, D. A., Horowitz, J. D., Beltrame, J. F., Baune, B. T., Sauer-Zavala, S., . . . Wittert, G. A. (2022). Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Results From the CHAMPS Pilot-Feasibility Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.741039"
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
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        {
          "study": "Abas, 2018",
          "ref": "Abas M, Nyamayaro P, Bere T, et al. Feasibility and acceptability of a task-shifted intervention to enhance adherence to HIV medication and improve depression in people living with HIV in Zimbabwe, a low income country in sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS and Behavior 2018; 22(1): 86-101."
        },
        {
          "study": "Abbas, 2023a",
          "ref": "Abbas, Q., Latif, S., Ayaz Habib, H., Shahzad, S., Sarwar, U., Shahzadi, M., . . . Washdev, W. (2023). Cognitive behavior therapy for diabetes distress, depression, health anxiety, quality of life and treatment adherence among patients with Type-II diabetes mellitus: A randomized control trial. BMC Psychiatry, 23. doi:10.1186/s12888-023-04546-w"
        },
        {
          "study": "Abbas, 2023b",
          "ref": "Abbas, Q., Nisa, M., Khan, M. U., Anwar, N., Aljhani, S., Ramzan, Z., & Shahzadi, M. (2023). Brief cognitive behavior therapy for stigmatization, depression, quality of life, social support and adherence to treatment among patients with HIV/AIDS: a randomized control trial. BMC Psychiatry, 23(1), 539."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ahmed, 2025",
          "ref": "Ahmed N, Zavala GA, Siddiqui F, Aslam F, Keding A, Halmkan S, et al. A randomised controlled feasibility trial of Behavioural activation as a treatment for people with diabetes and depression: (DiaDeM feasibility trial). J Affect Disord. 2025;372:333-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Arjadi, 2018",
          "ref": "Arjadi R, Nauta MH, Scholte WF, et al. Internet-based behavioural activation with lay counsellor support versus online minimal psychoeducation without support for treatment of depression: a randomised controlled trial in Indonesia. The lancet psychiatry 2018; 5(9): 707‐16."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bae, 2023",
          "ref": "Bae, J. H., Park, E. H., Lee, H. K., Yoon, K. H., Won, K. C., Kim, H. M., & Kim, S. G. (2024). Enhancing Diabetes Care through a Mobile Application: A Randomized Clinical Trial on Integrating Physical and Mental Health among Disadvantaged Individuals. Diabetes Metab J. https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0298 "
        },
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          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
          "ref": "Bathgate, C. J., Kilbourn, K. M., Murphy, N. H., Wamboldt, F. S., & Holm, K. E. (2022). Pilot RCT of a telehealth intervention to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, 21(2), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Baumeister, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumeister, H., Paganini, S., Sander, L. B., Lin, J., Schlicker, S., Terhorst, Y., Moshagen, M., Bengel, J., Lehr, D., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effectiveness of a Guided Internet- and Mobile-Based Intervention for Patients with Chronic Back Pain and Depression (WARD-BP): A Multicenter, Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 90(4), 255-268. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511881"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bedard, 2014",
          "ref": "Bedard M, Felteau M, Marshall S, Cullen N, Gibbons C, Dubois S, et al. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy reduces symptoms of depression in people with a traumatic brain injury: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. 2014;29(4):E13-E22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bedford, 2018",
          "ref": "Bedford LA, Dietch JR, Taylor DJ, Boals A, Zayfert C. Computer-Guided Problem-Solving Treatment for Depression, PTSD, and Insomnia Symptoms in Student Veterans: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior therapy 2018-49(5): 756‐67."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bendig, 2021",
          "ref": "Bendig, E., Bauereiß, N., Buntrock, C., Habibović, M., Ebert, D. D., & Baumeister, H. (2021). Lessons learned from an attempted randomized-controlled feasibility trial on “WIDeCAD” - An internet-based depression treatment for people living with coronary artery disease (CAD) [Article]. Internet Interventions, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100375"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berman, 2022",
          "ref": "Berman, M. I., Park, J., Kragenbrink, M. E., & Hegel, M. T. (2022). Accept Yourself! A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Self-Acceptance-Based Treatment for Large-Bodied Women With Depression. Behav Ther, 53(5), 913-926. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.03.002"
        },
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          "ref": "Nassim, M., Park, H., Dikaios, E., Potes, A., Elbaz, S., Mc Veigh, C., . . . Rej, S. (2021). Brief Mindfulness Intervention vs. Health Enhancement Program for Patients Undergoing Dialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel), 9(6). doi:10.3390/healthcare9060659"
        },
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          "study": "Newby, 2013",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2017",
          "ref": "Newby, J., Robins, L., Wilhelm, K., Smith, J., Fletcher, T., Gillis, I., . . . Andrews, G. (2017). Web-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Depression in People With Diabetes Mellitus: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 19(5), e157."
        },
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          "study": "Noone, 2022",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "O'Moore, 2018",
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        },
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          "study": "Pellas, 2022",
          "ref": "Pellas, J., Renner, F., Ji, J. L., & Damberg, M. (2022). Telephone-based behavioral activation with mental imagery for depression: A pilot randomized clinical trial in isolated older adults during the Covid-19 pandemic. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 37(1). doi:10.1002/gps.5646"
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Phillips, 2014",
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        },
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          "study": "Pott, 2022",
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        },
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          "study": "Powers, 2023",
          "ref": "Powers, A., Lathan, E. C., Dixon, H. D., Mekawi, Y., Hinrichs, R., Carter, S., . . . Kaslow, N. J. (2023). Primary care-based mindfulness intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms among Black adults: A pilot feasibility and acceptability randomized controlled trial. Psychol Trauma, 15(5), 858-867."
        },
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          "study": "Raevuori, 2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Reins, 2019",
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        },
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          "study": "Richards, 2020",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Enrique, A., Eilert, N., Franklin, M., Palacios, J., Duffy, D., . . . Timulak, L. (2020). A pragmatic randomized waitlist-controlled effectiveness and cost-effectiveness trial of digital interventions for depression and anxiety. npj Digital Medicine, 3(1). doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0293-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rosso, 2017",
          "ref": "Rosso, I. M., Killgore, W. D., Olson, E. A., Webb, C. A., Fukunaga, R., Auerbach, R. P., Gogel, H., Buchholz, J. L., & Rauch, S. L. Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 34(3), 236-245. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5540163/pdf/nihms884093.pdf"
        },
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          "study": "Russell, 2020",
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        },
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          "study": "Sadeh-Sharvit, 2023",
          "ref": "Sadeh-Sharvit, S., Camp, T. D., Horton, S. E., Hefner, J. D., Berry, J. M., Grossman, E., & Hollon, S. D. (2023). Effects of an artificial intelligence platform for behavioral interventions on depression and anxiety symptoms: randomized clinical trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e46781."
        },
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          "study": "Salamanca-Sanabria, 2020",
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        },
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          "study": "Sander, 2020",
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        },
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          "study": "Scazufca, 2022",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Schure, 2019",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Segal, 2020",
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        },
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          "study": "Serfaty, 2020",
          "ref": "Serfaty, M., King, M., Nazareth, I., Moorey, S., Aspden, T., Tookman, A., . . . Jones, L. (2019). Manualised cognitive and behavioural therapy in treating depression in advanced cancer: the CanTalk RCT. Health Technology Assessment, 23(19), 1‐106. doi:10.3310/hta23190"
        },
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          "study": "Sheeber, 2017",
          "ref": "Sheeber, L., Feil, E., Seeley, J., Leve, C., Gau, J., Davis, B., . . . Allan, S. (2017). Mom-net: evaluation of an internet-facilitated cognitive behavioral intervention for low-income depressed mothers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(4), 355-366."
        },
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          "study": "Sikander, 2019",
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        },
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          "study": "Silverstone, 2017",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2018",
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2025",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
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        }
      ]
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      "full": "Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 item version",
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2023",
          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2018",
          "ref": "Williams C, McClay CA, Matthews L, et al. Community-based group guided self-help intervention for low mood and stress: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry 2018; 212(2): 88-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1654,
      "instr": "PHQ-9",
      "full": "Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 item version",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Format",
      "sgv": "Group",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 138,
      "k_es": 158,
      "sd": 5.019,
      "lo": 4.773,
      "hi": 5.277,
      "tau2": 0.0775,
      "tau2w": 0.005,
      "plo": 2.852,
      "phi": 8.833,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        }
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      "refs": [
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Bae, 2023",
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        },
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          "study": "Baumeister, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumeister, H., Paganini, S., Sander, L. B., Lin, J., Schlicker, S., Terhorst, Y., Moshagen, M., Bengel, J., Lehr, D., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effectiveness of a Guided Internet- and Mobile-Based Intervention for Patients with Chronic Back Pain and Depression (WARD-BP): A Multicenter, Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 90(4), 255-268. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511881"
        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Bendig, 2021",
          "ref": "Bendig, E., Bauereiß, N., Buntrock, C., Habibović, M., Ebert, D. D., & Baumeister, H. (2021). Lessons learned from an attempted randomized-controlled feasibility trial on “WIDeCAD” - An internet-based depression treatment for people living with coronary artery disease (CAD) [Article]. Internet Interventions, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100375"
        },
        {
          "study": "Choi, 2012",
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        },
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          "study": "Clarke, 2019",
          "ref": "Clarke, J., Sanatkar, S., Baldwin, P. A., Fletcher, S., Gunn, J., Wilhelm, K., Campbell, L., Zwar, N., Harris, M., Lapsley, H., Hadzi-Pavlovic, D., Christensen, H., & Proudfoot, J. (2019). A Web-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy Intervention to Improve Social and Occupational Functioning in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes (The SpringboarD Trial): Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 21(5), e12246."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cuijpers, 2022a",
          "ref": "Cuijpers, P., Heim, E., Abi Ramia, J., Burchert, S., Carswell, K., Cornelisz, I., . . . El Chammay, R. (2022). Effects of a WHO-guided digital health intervention for depression in Syrian refugees in Lebanon: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS Med, 19(6), e1004025. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1004025"
        },
        {
          "study": "Cuijpers, 2022b",
          "ref": "Cuijpers, P., Heim, E., Ramia, J. A., Burchert, S., Carswell, K., Cornelisz, I., . . . El Chammay, R. (2022). Guided digital health intervention for depression in Lebanon: randomised trial. Evidence Based Mental Health, 25(e1), e34. doi:10.1136/ebmental-2021-300416"
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Deady, 2016",
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        },
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          "study": "Forand, 2018",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Gilbody, 2017",
          "ref": "Gilbody S, Brabyn S, Lovell K, Kessler D, Devlin T, Smith L, Araya R, Barkham M, Bower P, Cooper C, Knowles S, Littlewood E, Richards DA, Tallon D, White D, Worthy G; REEACT collaborative. Telephone-supported computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy: REEACT-2 large-scale pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2017 May;210(5):362-367. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.116.192435. Epub 2017 Mar 2. PMID: 28254959."
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        },
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          "study": "Guo, 2020",
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        },
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          "study": "He, 2022",
          "ref": "He, Y., Yang, L., Zhu, X., Wu, B., Zhang, S., Qian, C., & Tian, T. (2022). Mental Health Chatbot for Young Adults With Depressive Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Single-Blind, Three-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 24(11), e40719. doi:10.2196/40719"
        },
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          "study": "Heim, 2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Jelinek, 2020",
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          "study": "Johansson, 2019b",
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        },
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          "study": "Kamga, 2017",
          "ref": "Kamga, H., McCusker, J., Yaffe, M., Sewitch, M., Sussman, T., Strumpf, E., . . . Freeman, E. (2017). Self-care tools to treat depressive symptoms in patients with age-related eye disease: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Clinical & experimental ophthalmology, 45(4), 371-378."
        },
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          "study": "Klein, 2016",
          "ref": "Klein, J. P., Berger, T., Schröder, J., Späth, C., Meyer, B., Caspar, F., Lutz, W., Arndt, A., Greiner, W., Gräfe, V., Hautzinger, M., Fuhr, K., Rose, M., Nolte, S., Löwe, B., Anderssoni, G., Vettorazzi, E., Moritz, S., & Hohagen, F. (2016). Effects of a Psychological Internet Intervention in the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Depressive Symptoms: Results of the EVIDENT Study, a Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 85(4), 218-228."
        },
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          "study": "Koelen, 2024",
          "ref": "Koelen, J., Klein, A., Wolters, N., Bol, E., De Koning, L., Roetink, S., ... & Wiers, R. (2024). Web-Based, Human-Guided, or Computer-Guided Transdiagnostic Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in University Students With Anxiety and Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Mental Health, 11, e50503."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin, 2023",
          "ref": "Lin, Z., et al. (2023). \"The Effect of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Major Depressive Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" Journal of Medical Internet Research 25(1)."
        },
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          "study": "Lobner, 2018",
          "ref": "Lobner M, Pabst A, Stein J, et al. Computerized cognitive behavior therapy for patients with mild to moderately severe depression in primary care: A pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial (@ktiv). J Affect Disord 2018-238: 317-26."
        },
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          "study": "Lopes, 2023",
          "ref": "Lopes, R. T., da Rocha, G. C., Svacina, M. A., Meyer, B., Šipka, D., & Berger, T. (2023). Effectiveness of an Internet-Based Self-Guided Program to Treat Depression in a Sample of Brazilian Users: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Form Res, 7, e46326. https://doi.org/10.2196/46326 "
        },
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          "study": "Lukas, 2021",
          "ref": "Lukas, C. A., et al. (2021). \"A gamified smartphone-based intervention for depression: Randomized controlled pilot trial.\" JMIR Mental Health 8(7)."
        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Morgan, 2012",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Nyström, 2017",
          "ref": "Nyström, M., Stenling, A., Sjöström, E., Neely, G., Lindner, P., HassmÈn, P., . . . Carlbring, P. (2017). Behavioral activation versus physical activity via the internet: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 215, 85-93."
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Oehler, 2020",
          "ref": "Oehler C, Görges F, Rogalla M, Rummel-Kluge C, Hegerl U. Efficacy of a Guided Web-Based Self-Management Intervention for Depression or Dysthymia: Randomized Controlled Trial With a 12-Month Follow-Up Using an Active Control Condition. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(7):e15361."
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Raevuori, 2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Reins, 2019",
          "ref": "Reins, J. A., Boß, L., Lehr, D., Berking, M., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). The more I got, the less I need? Efficacy of Internet-based guided self-help compared to online psychoeducation for major depressive disorder. Journal of, 246, 695-705. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.065"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rosso, 2017",
          "ref": "Rosso, I. M., Killgore, W. D., Olson, E. A., Webb, C. A., Fukunaga, R., Auerbach, R. P., Gogel, H., Buchholz, J. L., & Rauch, S. L. Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 34(3), 236-245. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5540163/pdf/nihms884093.pdf"
        },
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        },
        {
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          "ref": "Salamanca-Sanabria A, Richards D, Timulak L, et al. A culturally adapted cognitive behavioral internet-delivered intervention for depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. JMIR Mental Health. 2020;7(1)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sander, 2020",
          "ref": "Sander LB, Paganini S, Terhorst Y, et al. Effectiveness of a Guided Web-Based Self-help Intervention to Prevent Depression in Patients with Persistent Back Pain: The PROD-BP Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2020;77(10):1001-1011."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schure, 2019",
          "ref": "Schure, M. B., Lindow, J. C., Greist, J. H., Nakonezny, P. A., Bailey, S. J., Bryan, W. L., & Byerly, M. J. (2019). Use of a Fully Automated Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy Intervention in a Community Population of Adults With Depression Symptoms: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 21(11), e14754. doi:10.2196/14754"
        },
        {
          "study": "Segal, 2020",
          "ref": "Segal, Z. V., Dimidjian, S., Beck, A., Boggs, J. M., Vanderkruik, R., Metcalf, C. A., . . . Levy, J. (2020). Outcomes of Online Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Patients with Residual Depressive Symptoms: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(6), 563-573. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.4693"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheeber, 2017",
          "ref": "Sheeber, L., Feil, E., Seeley, J., Leve, C., Gau, J., Davis, B., . . . Allan, S. (2017). Mom-net: evaluation of an internet-facilitated cognitive behavioral intervention for low-income depressed mothers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(4), 355-366."
        },
        {
          "study": "Silverstone, 2017",
          "ref": "Silverstone, P. H., Rittenbach, K., Suen, V. Y. M., Moretzsohn, A., Cribben, I., Bercov, M., . . . Trew, M. (2017). Depression outcomes in adults attending family practice were not improved by screening, stepped-care, or online CBT during a 12-week study when compared to controls in a randomized trial."
        },
        {
          "study": "Smith, 2017",
          "ref": "Smith, J., Newby, J. M., Burston, N., Murphy, M. J., Michael, S., Mackenzie, A., . . . Andrews, G. (2017). Help from home for depression: A randomised controlled trial comparing internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy with bibliotherapy for depression. Internet Interventions, 9, 25-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stiles-Shields, 2018",
          "ref": "Stiles-Shields, C., Montague, E., Kwasny, M. J., & Mohr, D. C. (2019). Behavioral and cognitive intervention strategies delivered via coached apps for depression: Pilot trial. Psychological services, 16(2), 233-238. doi:10.1037/ser0000261"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stuart, 2022",
          "ref": "StuartRoderick, HeidiFischer, SLeitzke, A., DavidaBecker, NeetaSaheba, & JColeman, K. (2022). The Effectiveness of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for the Treatment of Depression in a Large Real-World Primary Care Practice: A Randomized Trial. The Permanente Journal, 26(3), 53-60. https://doi.org/doi:10.7812/TPP/21.183"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2015a",
          "ref": "Titov N, Dear BF, Ali S, Zou JB, Lorian CN, Johnston L, et al. Clinical and cost-effectiveness of therapist-guided internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for older adults with symptoms of depression: A randomized controlled trial. Behavior Therapy. 2015;46(2):193-205."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tomasino, 2017",
          "ref": "Tomasino, K., Lattie, E., Ho, J., Palac, H., Kaiser, S., & Mohr, D. (2017). Harnessing Peer Support in an Online Intervention for Older Adults with Depression. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25(10), 1109-1119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
          "ref": "van Luenen, S., Garnefski, N., Spinhoven, P., & Kraaij, V. (2018). Guided internet-based intervention for people with HIV and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial in the Netherlands. The lancet HIV, 5(9), e488-e497."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wright, 2022",
          "ref": "Wright, J. H., Owen, J., Eells, T. D., Antle, B., Bishop, L. B., Girdler, R., . . . Ali, S. (2022). Effect of Computer-Assisted Cognitive Behavior Therapy vs Usual Care on Depression Among Adults in Primary Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open, 5(2), e2146716. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.46716"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1656,
      "instr": "PHQ-9",
      "full": "Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 item version",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Format",
      "sgv": "Guided self-help",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 138,
      "k_es": 158,
      "sd": 5.019,
      "lo": 4.773,
      "hi": 5.277,
      "tau2": 0.0775,
      "tau2w": 0.005,
      "plo": 2.852,
      "phi": 8.833,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abas, 2018",
          "ref": "Abas M, Nyamayaro P, Bere T, et al. Feasibility and acceptability of a task-shifted intervention to enhance adherence to HIV medication and improve depression in people living with HIV in Zimbabwe, a low income country in sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS and Behavior 2018; 22(1): 86-101."
        },
        {
          "study": "Abbas, 2023a",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Abbas, 2023b",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Ahmed, 2025",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Arjadi, 2018",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Bae, 2023",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
          "ref": "Bathgate, C. J., Kilbourn, K. M., Murphy, N. H., Wamboldt, F. S., & Holm, K. E. (2022). Pilot RCT of a telehealth intervention to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, 21(2), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.012"
        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "ref": "Nasrin, F., Rimes, K., Reinecke, A., Rinck, M., & Barnhofer, T. (2017). Effects of Brief Behavioural Activation on Approach and Avoidance Tendencies in Acute Depression: preliminary Findings. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 45(1), 58-72."
        },
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          "study": "Nassim, 2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Newby, 2017",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2025",
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        },
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "PHQ-9",
      "full": "Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 item version",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Format",
      "sgv": "Individual",
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      "k_es": 53,
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      "lo": 4.752,
      "hi": 5.726,
      "tau2": 0.0977,
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      "i2": 95.8,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
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          "study": "Gilbody, 2024",
          "ref": "Gilbody, S., Littlewood, E., McMillan, D., Atha, L., Bailey, D., Baird, K., . . . Ekers, D. (2024). Behavioural activation to mitigate the psychological impacts of COVID-19 restrictions on older people in England and Wales (BASIL+): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Healthy Longevity, 5(2), e97-e107. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/s2666-7568(23)00238-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gitlin, 2013",
          "ref": "Gitlin LN, Harris LF, McCoy MC, Chernett NL, Pizzi LT, Jutkowitz E, et al. A home-based intervention to reduce depressive symptoms and improve quality of life in older African Americans: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;159(4):243-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Graham, 2020",
          "ref": "Graham, A. K., Greene, C. J., Kwasny, M. J., Kaiser, S. M., Lieponis, P., Powell, T., & Mohr, D. C. (2020). Coached mobile app platform for the treatment of depression and anxiety among primary care patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(9), 906-914. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2013",
          "ref": "Johansson, R., Björklund, M., Hornborg, C., Karlsson, S., Hesser, H., Ljótsson, B. L., . . . Andersson, G. (2013). Affect-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression and anxiety through the internet: A randomized controlled trial. PeerJ, 2013(1). doi:10.7717/peerj.102"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnston, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnston, L., Titov, N., Andrews, G., Spence, J., & Dear, B. F. (2011). A RCT of a transdiagnostic internet-delivered treatment for three anxiety disorders: examination of support roles and disorder-specific outcomes. PLoS One, 6(11), e28079. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jordans, 2019",
          "ref": "Jordans, M. J. D., Luitel, N. P., Garman, E., Kohrt, B. A., Rathod, S. D., Shrestha, P., . . . Patel, V. (2019). Effectiveness of psychological treatments for depression and alcohol use disorder delivered by community-based counsellors: Two pragmatic randomised controlled trials within primary healthcare in Nepal. British Journal of Psychiatry, 215(2), 485-493. doi:10.1192/bjp.2018.300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Karyotaki, 2022",
          "ref": "Karyotaki, E., Klein, A. M., Ciharova, M., Bolinski, F., Krijnen, L., de Koning, L., . . . Cuijpers, P. (2022). Guided internet-based transdiagnostic individually tailored Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in college students: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 150, 104028. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.104028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Keeley, 2016",
          "ref": "Keeley RD, Brody DS, Engel M, Burke BL, Nordstrom K, Moralez E, et al. Motivational interviewing improves depression outcome in primary care: A cluster randomized trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2016;84(11):993-1007."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kladnitski, 2020",
          "ref": "Kladnitski N, Smith J, Uppal S, James MA, Allen AR, Andrews G, et al. Transdiagnostic internet-delivered CBT and mindfulness-based treatment for depression and anxiety: A randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions. 2020;20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerner, 2015",
          "ref": "Lerner D, Adler DA, Rogers WH, Chang H, Greenhill A, Cymerman E, et al. A randomized clinical trial of a telephone depression intervention to reduce employee presenteeism and absenteeism. Psychiatric Services. 2015;66(6):570-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lloyd-Williams, 2018",
          "ref": "Lloyd-Williams M, Shiels C, Ellis J, et al. Pilot randomised controlled trial of focused narrative intervention for moderate to severe depression in palliative care patients: DISCERN trial. Palliative medicine 2018; 32(1): 206‐15."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lovell, 2008",
          "ref": "Lovell K, Bower P, Richards D, Barkham Mi, Sibbald B, Roberts C, et al. Developing guided self-help for depression using the medical research council complex interventions framework: A description of the modelling phase and results of an exploratory randomised controlled trial. BMC psychiatry. 2008;8."
        },
        {
          "study": "MacPherson, 2013",
          "ref": "MacPherson H, Richmond S, Bland M, Brealey S, Gabe R, Hopton A, et al. Acupuncture and counselling for depression in primary care: A randomised controlled trial. PLoS medicine. 2013;10(9):e1001518."
        },
        {
          "study": "Martin, 2015",
          "ref": "Martin PR, Aiello R, Gilson K, Meadows G, Milgrom J, Reece J. Cognitive behavior therapy for comorbid migraine and/or tension-type headache and major depressive disorder: An exploratory randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2015;73:8-18."
        },
        {
          "study": "Matsuzaka, 2017",
          "ref": "Matsuzaka, C., Wainberg, M., Norcini, P. A., Hoffmann, E., Coimbra, B., Braga, R., . . . Mello, M. (2017). Task shifting interpersonal counseling for depression: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial in primary care. BMC Psychiatry, 17(1)"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohr, 2011",
          "ref": "Mohr DC, Carmody T, Erickson L, Jin L, Leader J. Telephone-administered cognitive behavioral therapy for veterans served by community-based outpatient clinics. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2011;79(2):261-5."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nasrin, 2017",
          "ref": "Nasrin, F., Rimes, K., Reinecke, A., Rinck, M., & Barnhofer, T. (2017). Effects of Brief Behavioural Activation on Approach and Avoidance Tendencies in Acute Depression: preliminary Findings. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 45(1), 58-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2013",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Neil, 2014",
          "ref": "O'Neil A, Taylor B, Sanderson K, Cyril S, Chan B, Hawkes AL, et al. Efficacy and feasibility of a tele-health intervention for acute coronary syndrome patients with depression: Results of the \"MoodCare\" randomized controlled trial. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2014;48(2):163-74."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pellas, 2022",
          "ref": "Pellas, J., Renner, F., Ji, J. L., & Damberg, M. (2022). Telephone-based behavioral activation with mental imagery for depression: A pilot randomized clinical trial in isolated older adults during the Covid-19 pandemic. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 37(1). doi:10.1002/gps.5646"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pott, 2022",
          "ref": "Pott, S. L., Kellett, S., Green, S., Daughters, S., & Delgadillo, J. (2022). Behavioral activation for depression delivered by drug and alcohol treatment workers: A pilot randomized controlled trial. J Subst Abuse Treat, 139, 108769. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2022.108769"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2020",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Enrique, A., Eilert, N., Franklin, M., Palacios, J., Duffy, D., . . . Timulak, L. (2020). A pragmatic randomized waitlist-controlled effectiveness and cost-effectiveness trial of digital interventions for depression and anxiety. npj Digital Medicine, 3(1). doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0293-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sadeh-Sharvit, 2023",
          "ref": "Sadeh-Sharvit, S., Camp, T. D., Horton, S. E., Hefner, J. D., Berry, J. M., Grossman, E., & Hollon, S. D. (2023). Effects of an artificial intelligence platform for behavioral interventions on depression and anxiety symptoms: randomized clinical trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e46781."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scazufca, 2022",
          "ref": "Scazufca, M., Nakamura, C. A., Seward, N., Moreno-Agostino, D., van de Ven, P., Hollingworth, W., . . . Araya, R. (2022). A task-shared, collaborative care psychosocial intervention for improving depressive symptomatology among older adults in a socioeconomically deprived area of Brazil (PROACTIVE): a pragmatic, two-arm, parallel-group, cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet Healthy Longev, 3(10), e690-e702. doi:10.1016/s2666-7568(22)00194-5"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaeuffele, 2022",
          "ref": "Schaeuffele C, Homeyer S, Perea L, et al. The unified protocol as an Internet-based intervention for emotional disorders: randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022;17:e0270178."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Serfaty, 2020",
          "ref": "Serfaty, M., King, M., Nazareth, I., Moorey, S., Aspden, T., Tookman, A., . . . Jones, L. (2019). Manualised cognitive and behavioural therapy in treating depression in advanced cancer: the CanTalk RCT. Health Technology Assessment, 23(19), 1‐106. doi:10.3310/hta23190"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sugg, 2018",
          "ref": "Sugg HVR, Richards DA, Frost J. Morita Therapy for depression (Morita Trial): a pilot randomised controlled trial. BMJ open 2018; 8(8)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Thomas, 2019",
          "ref": "Thomas, S. A., Drummond, A. E., Lincoln, N. B., Palmer, R. L., das Nair, R., Latimer, N. R., . . . Topcu, G. (2019). Behavioural activation therapy for post-stroke depression: the BEADS feasibility RCT. Health Technol Assess, 23(47), 1-176. doi:10.3310/hta23470"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2011",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., et al. (2011). Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 441–452."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
          "ref": "Tully, P. J., Turnbull, D. A., Horowitz, J. D., Beltrame, J. F., Baune, B. T., Sauer-Zavala, S., . . . Wittert, G. A. (2022). Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Results From the CHAMPS Pilot-Feasibility Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.741039"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2025",
          "ref": "Yan S, Zhong S, Lyu S, Lai S, Zhang Y, Luo Y, et al. A randomized trial of virtual reality eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy for major depressive disorder with childhood trauma: A 3-month follow-up study. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. 2025."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1658,
      "instr": "PHQ-9",
      "full": "Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 item version",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Format",
      "sgv": "Individual",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 138,
      "k_es": 158,
      "sd": 5.019,
      "lo": 4.773,
      "hi": 5.277,
      "tau2": 0.0775,
      "tau2w": 0.005,
      "plo": 2.852,
      "phi": 8.833,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abas, 2018",
          "ref": "Abas M, Nyamayaro P, Bere T, et al. Feasibility and acceptability of a task-shifted intervention to enhance adherence to HIV medication and improve depression in people living with HIV in Zimbabwe, a low income country in sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS and Behavior 2018; 22(1): 86-101."
        },
        {
          "study": "Abbas, 2023a",
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Bae, 2023",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Bedard, 2014",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Bedford, 2018",
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
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        },
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          "study": "Burns, 2013",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Chen, 2023",
          "ref": "Chen, X., Zeng, M., Chen, C., Zhu, D., Chen, L., & Jiang, Z. (2023). Efficacy of Psycho-Cardiology therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with mild anxiety and depression. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 9. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1031255"
        },
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          "study": "Choi, 2012",
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        },
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          "study": "Clarke, 2019",
          "ref": "Clarke, J., Sanatkar, S., Baldwin, P. A., Fletcher, S., Gunn, J., Wilhelm, K., Campbell, L., Zwar, N., Harris, M., Lapsley, H., Hadzi-Pavlovic, D., Christensen, H., & Proudfoot, J. (2019). A Web-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy Intervention to Improve Social and Occupational Functioning in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes (The SpringboarD Trial): Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 21(5), e12246."
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          "study": "Cuijpers, 2022a",
          "ref": "Cuijpers, P., Heim, E., Abi Ramia, J., Burchert, S., Carswell, K., Cornelisz, I., . . . El Chammay, R. (2022). Effects of a WHO-guided digital health intervention for depression in Syrian refugees in Lebanon: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS Med, 19(6), e1004025. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1004025"
        },
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          "study": "Cuijpers, 2022b",
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        },
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          "ref": "Danaher BG, Seeley JR, Silver RK, Tyler MS, Kim JJ, La Porte LM, Cleveland E, Smith DR, Milgrom J, Gau JM. Trial of a patient-directed eHealth program to ameliorate perinatal depression: the MomMoodBooster2 practical effectiveness study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2023 Apr;228(4):453.e1-453.e10. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022927."
        },
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          "study": "Deady, 2016",
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        },
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          "ref": "Dimidjian, S., Goodman, S., Sherwood, N., Simon, G., Ludman, E., Gallop, R., . . . Beck, A. (2017). A Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial of Behavioral Activation for Depressed Pregnant Women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(1), 26-36"
        },
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          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
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        },
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          "study": "Dwight-Johnson, 2011",
          "ref": "Dwight-Johnson M, Aisenberg E, Golinelli D, Hong S, O'Brien M, Ludman E. Telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for Latino patients living in rural areas: A randomized pilot study. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(8):936-42."
        },
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          "study": "Forand, 2018",
          "ref": "Forand NR, Barnett JG, Strunk DR, Hindiyeh MU, Feinberg JE, Keefe JR. Efficacy of Guided iCBT for Depression and Mediation of Change by Cognitive Skill Acquisition. Behavior Therapy 2018; 49(2): 295-307."
        },
        {
          "study": "Forman-Hoffman, 2024",
          "ref": "Forman-Hoffman, V. L., Sihvonen, S., Wielgosz, J., Kuhn, E., Nelson, B. W., Peiper, N. C., & Gould, C. E. (2024). Therapist-supported digital mental health intervention for depressive symptoms: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 349, 494-501. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.057"
        },
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          "study": "Frangou, 2021",
          "ref": "Frangou, E., Bertelli, G., Love, S., Mackean, M. J., Glasspool, R. M., Fotopoulou, C., Cook, A., Nicum, S., Lord, R., Ferguson, M., Roux, R. L., Martinez, M., Butcher, C., Hulbert-Williams, N., Howells, L., & Blagden, S. P. (2021). OVPSYCH2: A randomized controlled trial of psychological support versus standard of care following chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol, 162(2), 431-439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.05.024"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fuhr, 2019",
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        },
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          "study": "Funderburk, 2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Gilbody, 2017",
          "ref": "Gilbody S, Brabyn S, Lovell K, Kessler D, Devlin T, Smith L, Araya R, Barkham M, Bower P, Cooper C, Knowles S, Littlewood E, Richards DA, Tallon D, White D, Worthy G; REEACT collaborative. Telephone-supported computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy: REEACT-2 large-scale pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2017 May;210(5):362-367. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.116.192435. Epub 2017 Mar 2. PMID: 28254959."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gilbody, 2021",
          "ref": "Gilbody, S., et al. (2021). \"Can We Prevent Depression in At-Risk Older Adults Using Self-Help? The UK SHARD Trial of Behavioral Activation.\" American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gilbody, 2024",
          "ref": "Gilbody, S., Littlewood, E., McMillan, D., Atha, L., Bailey, D., Baird, K., . . . Ekers, D. (2024). Behavioural activation to mitigate the psychological impacts of COVID-19 restrictions on older people in England and Wales (BASIL+): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Healthy Longevity, 5(2), e97-e107. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/s2666-7568(23)00238-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gitlin, 2013",
          "ref": "Gitlin LN, Harris LF, McCoy MC, Chernett NL, Pizzi LT, Jutkowitz E, et al. A home-based intervention to reduce depressive symptoms and improve quality of life in older African Americans: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;159(4):243-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Glozier, 2013",
          "ref": "Glozier N, Christensen H, Naismith S, Cockayne N, Donkin L, Neal B, et al. Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for adults with mild to moderate depression and high cardiovascular disease risks: A randomised attention-controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e59139."
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          "ref": "Segal, Z. V., Dimidjian, S., Beck, A., Boggs, J. M., Vanderkruik, R., Metcalf, C. A., . . . Levy, J. (2020). Outcomes of Online Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Patients with Residual Depressive Symptoms: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(6), 563-573. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.4693"
        },
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          "study": "Serfaty, 2020",
          "ref": "Serfaty, M., King, M., Nazareth, I., Moorey, S., Aspden, T., Tookman, A., . . . Jones, L. (2019). Manualised cognitive and behavioural therapy in treating depression in advanced cancer: the CanTalk RCT. Health Technology Assessment, 23(19), 1‐106. doi:10.3310/hta23190"
        },
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          "study": "Sheeber, 2017",
          "ref": "Sheeber, L., Feil, E., Seeley, J., Leve, C., Gau, J., Davis, B., . . . Allan, S. (2017). Mom-net: evaluation of an internet-facilitated cognitive behavioral intervention for low-income depressed mothers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(4), 355-366."
        },
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          "study": "Sikander, 2019",
          "ref": "Sikander, S., Ahmad, I., Atif, N., Zaidi, A., Vanobberghen, F., Weiss, H. A., . . . Rahman, A. (2019). Delivering the Thinking Healthy Programme for perinatal depression through volunteer peers: a cluster randomised controlled trial in Pakistan. The Lancet Psychiatry, 6(2), 128-139. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30467-X"
        },
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          "study": "Silverstone, 2017",
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        },
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          "ref": "Smith, J., Newby, J. M., Burston, N., Murphy, M. J., Michael, S., Mackenzie, A., . . . Andrews, G. (2017). Help from home for depression: A randomised controlled trial comparing internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy with bibliotherapy for depression. Internet Interventions, 9, 25-37."
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          "study": "Spruill, 2021",
          "ref": "Spruill, T. M., Friedman, D., Diaz, L., Butler, M. J., Goldfeld, K. S., O'Kula, S., . . . Devinsky, O. (2021). Telephone-based depression self-management in Hispanic adults with epilepsy: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Transl Behav Med, 11(7), 1451-1460. doi:10.1093/tbm/ibab045"
        },
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          "study": "Stiles-Shields, 2018",
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        },
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          "ref": "StuartRoderick, HeidiFischer, SLeitzke, A., DavidaBecker, NeetaSaheba, & JColeman, K. (2022). The Effectiveness of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for the Treatment of Depression in a Large Real-World Primary Care Practice: A Randomized Trial. The Permanente Journal, 26(3), 53-60. https://doi.org/doi:10.7812/TPP/21.183"
        },
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        },
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          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
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          "study": "Thomas, 2019",
          "ref": "Thomas, S. A., Drummond, A. E., Lincoln, N. B., Palmer, R. L., das Nair, R., Latimer, N. R., . . . Topcu, G. (2019). Behavioural activation therapy for post-stroke depression: the BEADS feasibility RCT. Health Technol Assess, 23(47), 1-176. doi:10.3310/hta23470"
        },
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          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
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          "study": "Williams, 2018",
          "ref": "Williams C, McClay CA, Matthews L, et al. Community-based group guided self-help intervention for low mood and stress: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry 2018; 212(2): 88-95."
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        },
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          "study": "Yan, 2022",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2025",
          "ref": "Yan S, Zhong S, Lyu S, Lai S, Zhang Y, Luo Y, et al. A randomized trial of virtual reality eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy for major depressive disorder with childhood trauma: A 3-month follow-up study. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. 2025."
        },
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          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        }
      ]
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      "full": "Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 item version",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Dimidjian, 2017",
          "ref": "Dimidjian, S., Goodman, S., Sherwood, N., Simon, G., Ludman, E., Gallop, R., . . . Beck, A. (2017). A Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial of Behavioral Activation for Depressed Pregnant Women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(1), 26-36"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kemmeren, 2023",
          "ref": "Kemmeren, L. L., van Schaik, A., Draisma, S., Kleiboer, A., Riper, H., & Smit, J. H. (2023). Effectiveness of Blended Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Treatment as Usual for Depression in Routine Specialized Mental Healthcare: E-COMPARED Trial in the Netherlands. Cognitive Therapy and Research. doi:10.1007/s10608-023-10363-y"
        },
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          "study": "Knapstad, 2020",
          "ref": "Knapstad M, Lervik LV, Sæther SMM, Aarø LE, Smith ORF. Effectiveness of Prompt Mental Health Care, the Norwegian Version of Improving Access to Psychological Therapies: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(2):90-105. doi: 10.1159/000504453. Epub 2019 Dec 3. PMID: 31794968; PMCID: PMC7158231."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lemma, 2013",
          "ref": "Lemma A, Fonagy P. Feasibility study of a psychodynamic online group intervention for depression. Psychoanalytic Psychology. 2013;30(3):367-80."
        },
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          "study": "Lynch, 2020",
          "ref": "Lynch, T. R., Hempel, R. J., Whalley, B., Byford, S., Chamba, R., Clarke, P., . . . Russell, I. T. (2019). Refractory depression - mechanisms and efficacy of radically open dialectical behaviour therapy (RefraMED): findings of a randomised trial on benefits and harms. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 1-9. doi:10.1192/bjp.2019.53"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sikander, 2019",
          "ref": "Sikander, S., Ahmad, I., Atif, N., Zaidi, A., Vanobberghen, F., Weiss, H. A., . . . Rahman, A. (2019). Delivering the Thinking Healthy Programme for perinatal depression through volunteer peers: a cluster randomised controlled trial in Pakistan. The Lancet Psychiatry, 6(2), 128-139. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30467-X"
        },
        {
          "study": "Spruill, 2021",
          "ref": "Spruill, T. M., Friedman, D., Diaz, L., Butler, M. J., Goldfeld, K. S., O'Kula, S., . . . Devinsky, O. (2021). Telephone-based depression self-management in Hispanic adults with epilepsy: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Transl Behav Med, 11(7), 1451-1460. doi:10.1093/tbm/ibab045"
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "PHQ-9",
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      "indication": null,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abas, 2018",
          "ref": "Abas M, Nyamayaro P, Bere T, et al. Feasibility and acceptability of a task-shifted intervention to enhance adherence to HIV medication and improve depression in people living with HIV in Zimbabwe, a low income country in sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS and Behavior 2018; 22(1): 86-101."
        },
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        },
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          "ref": "Bathgate, C. J., Kilbourn, K. M., Murphy, N. H., Wamboldt, F. S., & Holm, K. E. (2022). Pilot RCT of a telehealth intervention to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, 21(2), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.012"
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
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          "study": "Chen, 2023",
          "ref": "Chen, X., Zeng, M., Chen, C., Zhu, D., Chen, L., & Jiang, Z. (2023). Efficacy of Psycho-Cardiology therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with mild anxiety and depression. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 9. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1031255"
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          "study": "Clarke, 2019",
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          "ref": "Dimidjian, S., Goodman, S., Sherwood, N., Simon, G., Ludman, E., Gallop, R., . . . Beck, A. (2017). A Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial of Behavioral Activation for Depressed Pregnant Women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(1), 26-36"
        },
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          "study": "Forand, 2018",
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          "ref": "Sander LB, Paganini S, Terhorst Y, et al. Effectiveness of a Guided Web-Based Self-help Intervention to Prevent Depression in Patients with Persistent Back Pain: The PROD-BP Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2020;77(10):1001-1011."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scazufca, 2022",
          "ref": "Scazufca, M., Nakamura, C. A., Seward, N., Moreno-Agostino, D., van de Ven, P., Hollingworth, W., . . . Araya, R. (2022). A task-shared, collaborative care psychosocial intervention for improving depressive symptomatology among older adults in a socioeconomically deprived area of Brazil (PROACTIVE): a pragmatic, two-arm, parallel-group, cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet Healthy Longev, 3(10), e690-e702. doi:10.1016/s2666-7568(22)00194-5"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaeuffele, 2022",
          "ref": "Schaeuffele C, Homeyer S, Perea L, et al. The unified protocol as an Internet-based intervention for emotional disorders: randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022;17:e0270178."
        },
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          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schure, 2019",
          "ref": "Schure, M. B., Lindow, J. C., Greist, J. H., Nakonezny, P. A., Bailey, S. J., Bryan, W. L., & Byerly, M. J. (2019). Use of a Fully Automated Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy Intervention in a Community Population of Adults With Depression Symptoms: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 21(11), e14754. doi:10.2196/14754"
        },
        {
          "study": "Segal, 2020",
          "ref": "Segal, Z. V., Dimidjian, S., Beck, A., Boggs, J. M., Vanderkruik, R., Metcalf, C. A., . . . Levy, J. (2020). Outcomes of Online Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Patients with Residual Depressive Symptoms: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(6), 563-573. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.4693"
        },
        {
          "study": "Serfaty, 2020",
          "ref": "Serfaty, M., King, M., Nazareth, I., Moorey, S., Aspden, T., Tookman, A., . . . Jones, L. (2019). Manualised cognitive and behavioural therapy in treating depression in advanced cancer: the CanTalk RCT. Health Technology Assessment, 23(19), 1‐106. doi:10.3310/hta23190"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheeber, 2017",
          "ref": "Sheeber, L., Feil, E., Seeley, J., Leve, C., Gau, J., Davis, B., . . . Allan, S. (2017). Mom-net: evaluation of an internet-facilitated cognitive behavioral intervention for low-income depressed mothers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(4), 355-366."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sikander, 2019",
          "ref": "Sikander, S., Ahmad, I., Atif, N., Zaidi, A., Vanobberghen, F., Weiss, H. A., . . . Rahman, A. (2019). Delivering the Thinking Healthy Programme for perinatal depression through volunteer peers: a cluster randomised controlled trial in Pakistan. The Lancet Psychiatry, 6(2), 128-139. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30467-X"
        },
        {
          "study": "Silverstone, 2017",
          "ref": "Silverstone, P. H., Rittenbach, K., Suen, V. Y. M., Moretzsohn, A., Cribben, I., Bercov, M., . . . Trew, M. (2017). Depression outcomes in adults attending family practice were not improved by screening, stepped-care, or online CBT during a 12-week study when compared to controls in a randomized trial."
        },
        {
          "study": "Smith, 2017",
          "ref": "Smith, J., Newby, J. M., Burston, N., Murphy, M. J., Michael, S., Mackenzie, A., . . . Andrews, G. (2017). Help from home for depression: A randomised controlled trial comparing internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy with bibliotherapy for depression. Internet Interventions, 9, 25-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Spruill, 2021",
          "ref": "Spruill, T. M., Friedman, D., Diaz, L., Butler, M. J., Goldfeld, K. S., O'Kula, S., . . . Devinsky, O. (2021). Telephone-based depression self-management in Hispanic adults with epilepsy: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Transl Behav Med, 11(7), 1451-1460. doi:10.1093/tbm/ibab045"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stiles-Shields, 2018",
          "ref": "Stiles-Shields, C., Montague, E., Kwasny, M. J., & Mohr, D. C. (2019). Behavioral and cognitive intervention strategies delivered via coached apps for depression: Pilot trial. Psychological services, 16(2), 233-238. doi:10.1037/ser0000261"
        },
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          "study": "Stuart, 2022",
          "ref": "StuartRoderick, HeidiFischer, SLeitzke, A., DavidaBecker, NeetaSaheba, & JColeman, K. (2022). The Effectiveness of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for the Treatment of Depression in a Large Real-World Primary Care Practice: A Randomized Trial. The Permanente Journal, 26(3), 53-60. https://doi.org/doi:10.7812/TPP/21.183"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sugg, 2018",
          "ref": "Sugg HVR, Richards DA, Frost J. Morita Therapy for depression (Morita Trial): a pilot randomised controlled trial. BMJ open 2018; 8(8)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Thomas, 2019",
          "ref": "Thomas, S. A., Drummond, A. E., Lincoln, N. B., Palmer, R. L., das Nair, R., Latimer, N. R., . . . Topcu, G. (2019). Behavioural activation therapy for post-stroke depression: the BEADS feasibility RCT. Health Technol Assess, 23(47), 1-176. doi:10.3310/hta23470"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
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          "ref": "Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., et al. (2011). Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 441–452."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2015a",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Tomasino, 2017",
          "ref": "Tomasino, K., Lattie, E., Ho, J., Palac, H., Kaiser, S., & Mohr, D. (2017). Harnessing Peer Support in an Online Intervention for Older Adults with Depression. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25(10), 1109-1119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Torres, 2019",
          "ref": "Torres-Platas SG, Escobar S, Belliveau C, Wu J, Sasi N, Fotso J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Intervention for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. and Psychosomatics. 2019;88(4):254-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
          "ref": "Tully, P. J., Turnbull, D. A., Horowitz, J. D., Beltrame, J. F., Baune, B. T., Sauer-Zavala, S., . . . Wittert, G. A. (2022). Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Results From the CHAMPS Pilot-Feasibility Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.741039"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
          "ref": "van Luenen, S., Garnefski, N., Spinhoven, P., & Kraaij, V. (2018). Guided internet-based intervention for people with HIV and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial in the Netherlands. The lancet HIV, 5(9), e488-e497."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2023",
          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wiechers, 2023",
          "ref": "Wiechers M, Strupf M, Bajbouj M, Böge K, Karnouk C, Goerigk S, et al. Empowerment group therapy for refugees with affective disorders: results of a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Eur Psychiatry. 2023;66(1):e64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2018",
          "ref": "Williams C, McClay CA, Matthews L, et al. Community-based group guided self-help intervention for low mood and stress: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry 2018; 212(2): 88-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wright, 2022",
          "ref": "Wright, J. H., Owen, J., Eells, T. D., Antle, B., Bishop, L. B., Girdler, R., . . . Ali, S. (2022). Effect of Computer-Assisted Cognitive Behavior Therapy vs Usual Care on Depression Among Adults in Primary Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open, 5(2), e2146716. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.46716"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2025",
          "ref": "Yan S, Zhong S, Lyu S, Lai S, Zhang Y, Luo Y, et al. A randomized trial of virtual reality eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy for major depressive disorder with childhood trauma: A 3-month follow-up study. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. 2025."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "PHQ-9",
      "full": "Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 item version",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Rating",
      "sgv": "Self-rated",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 137,
      "k_es": 157,
      "sd": 5.019,
      "lo": 4.774,
      "hi": 5.277,
      "tau2": 0.0825,
      "tau2w": null,
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      "phi": 8.833,
      "i2": 96.3,
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      "refs": [
        {
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        },
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          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Dwight-Johnson, 2011",
          "ref": "Dwight-Johnson M, Aisenberg E, Golinelli D, Hong S, O'Brien M, Ludman E. Telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for Latino patients living in rural areas: A randomized pilot study. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(8):936-42."
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          "study": "Forand, 2018",
          "ref": "Forand NR, Barnett JG, Strunk DR, Hindiyeh MU, Feinberg JE, Keefe JR. Efficacy of Guided iCBT for Depression and Mediation of Change by Cognitive Skill Acquisition. Behavior Therapy 2018; 49(2): 295-307."
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          "study": "Forman-Hoffman, 2024",
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        },
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          "study": "Fuhr, 2019",
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        },
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          "study": "Gilbody, 2017",
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        },
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          "study": "Gilbody, 2021",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        {
          "study": "Serfaty, 2020",
          "ref": "Serfaty, M., King, M., Nazareth, I., Moorey, S., Aspden, T., Tookman, A., . . . Jones, L. (2019). Manualised cognitive and behavioural therapy in treating depression in advanced cancer: the CanTalk RCT. Health Technology Assessment, 23(19), 1‐106. doi:10.3310/hta23190"
        },
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          "study": "Sheeber, 2017",
          "ref": "Sheeber, L., Feil, E., Seeley, J., Leve, C., Gau, J., Davis, B., . . . Allan, S. (2017). Mom-net: evaluation of an internet-facilitated cognitive behavioral intervention for low-income depressed mothers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(4), 355-366."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sikander, 2019",
          "ref": "Sikander, S., Ahmad, I., Atif, N., Zaidi, A., Vanobberghen, F., Weiss, H. A., . . . Rahman, A. (2019). Delivering the Thinking Healthy Programme for perinatal depression through volunteer peers: a cluster randomised controlled trial in Pakistan. The Lancet Psychiatry, 6(2), 128-139. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30467-X"
        },
        {
          "study": "Silverstone, 2017",
          "ref": "Silverstone, P. H., Rittenbach, K., Suen, V. Y. M., Moretzsohn, A., Cribben, I., Bercov, M., . . . Trew, M. (2017). Depression outcomes in adults attending family practice were not improved by screening, stepped-care, or online CBT during a 12-week study when compared to controls in a randomized trial."
        },
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          "study": "Smith, 2017",
          "ref": "Smith, J., Newby, J. M., Burston, N., Murphy, M. J., Michael, S., Mackenzie, A., . . . Andrews, G. (2017). Help from home for depression: A randomised controlled trial comparing internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy with bibliotherapy for depression. Internet Interventions, 9, 25-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Spruill, 2021",
          "ref": "Spruill, T. M., Friedman, D., Diaz, L., Butler, M. J., Goldfeld, K. S., O'Kula, S., . . . Devinsky, O. (2021). Telephone-based depression self-management in Hispanic adults with epilepsy: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Transl Behav Med, 11(7), 1451-1460. doi:10.1093/tbm/ibab045"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stiles-Shields, 2018",
          "ref": "Stiles-Shields, C., Montague, E., Kwasny, M. J., & Mohr, D. C. (2019). Behavioral and cognitive intervention strategies delivered via coached apps for depression: Pilot trial. Psychological services, 16(2), 233-238. doi:10.1037/ser0000261"
        },
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          "study": "Stuart, 2022",
          "ref": "StuartRoderick, HeidiFischer, SLeitzke, A., DavidaBecker, NeetaSaheba, & JColeman, K. (2022). The Effectiveness of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for the Treatment of Depression in a Large Real-World Primary Care Practice: A Randomized Trial. The Permanente Journal, 26(3), 53-60. https://doi.org/doi:10.7812/TPP/21.183"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sugg, 2018",
          "ref": "Sugg HVR, Richards DA, Frost J. Morita Therapy for depression (Morita Trial): a pilot randomised controlled trial. BMJ open 2018; 8(8)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Thomas, 2019",
          "ref": "Thomas, S. A., Drummond, A. E., Lincoln, N. B., Palmer, R. L., das Nair, R., Latimer, N. R., . . . Topcu, G. (2019). Behavioural activation therapy for post-stroke depression: the BEADS feasibility RCT. Health Technol Assess, 23(47), 1-176. doi:10.3310/hta23470"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
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          "ref": "Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., et al. (2011). Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 441–452."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2015a",
          "ref": "Titov N, Dear BF, Ali S, Zou JB, Lorian CN, Johnston L, et al. Clinical and cost-effectiveness of therapist-guided internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for older adults with symptoms of depression: A randomized controlled trial. Behavior Therapy. 2015;46(2):193-205."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tomasino, 2017",
          "ref": "Tomasino, K., Lattie, E., Ho, J., Palac, H., Kaiser, S., & Mohr, D. (2017). Harnessing Peer Support in an Online Intervention for Older Adults with Depression. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25(10), 1109-1119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Torres, 2019",
          "ref": "Torres-Platas SG, Escobar S, Belliveau C, Wu J, Sasi N, Fotso J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Intervention for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. and Psychosomatics. 2019;88(4):254-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
          "ref": "Tully, P. J., Turnbull, D. A., Horowitz, J. D., Beltrame, J. F., Baune, B. T., Sauer-Zavala, S., . . . Wittert, G. A. (2022). Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Results From the CHAMPS Pilot-Feasibility Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.741039"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
          "ref": "van Luenen, S., Garnefski, N., Spinhoven, P., & Kraaij, V. (2018). Guided internet-based intervention for people with HIV and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial in the Netherlands. The lancet HIV, 5(9), e488-e497."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2023",
          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
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          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wiechers, 2023",
          "ref": "Wiechers M, Strupf M, Bajbouj M, Böge K, Karnouk C, Goerigk S, et al. Empowerment group therapy for refugees with affective disorders: results of a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Eur Psychiatry. 2023;66(1):e64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2018",
          "ref": "Williams C, McClay CA, Matthews L, et al. Community-based group guided self-help intervention for low mood and stress: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry 2018; 212(2): 88-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wright, 2022",
          "ref": "Wright, J. H., Owen, J., Eells, T. D., Antle, B., Bishop, L. B., Girdler, R., . . . Ali, S. (2022). Effect of Computer-Assisted Cognitive Behavior Therapy vs Usual Care on Depression Among Adults in Primary Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open, 5(2), e2146716. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.46716"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2025",
          "ref": "Yan S, Zhong S, Lyu S, Lai S, Zhang Y, Luo Y, et al. A randomized trial of virtual reality eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy for major depressive disorder with childhood trauma: A 3-month follow-up study. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. 2025."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1662,
      "instr": "PHQ-9",
      "full": "Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 item version",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Rating",
      "sgv": "Self-rated",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 138,
      "k_es": 158,
      "sd": 5.019,
      "lo": 4.773,
      "hi": 5.277,
      "tau2": 0.0775,
      "tau2w": 0.005,
      "plo": 2.852,
      "phi": 8.833,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abas, 2018",
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        },
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          "study": "Abbas, 2023a",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Bae, 2023",
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        },
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          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Bedard, 2014",
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        },
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          "study": "Bedford, 2018",
          "ref": "Bedford LA, Dietch JR, Taylor DJ, Boals A, Zayfert C. Computer-Guided Problem-Solving Treatment for Depression, PTSD, and Insomnia Symptoms in Student Veterans: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior therapy 2018-49(5): 756‐67."
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
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          "study": "Chen, 2023",
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        },
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          "study": "Deady, 2016",
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        },
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          "study": "Dimidjian, 2017",
          "ref": "Dimidjian, S., Goodman, S., Sherwood, N., Simon, G., Ludman, E., Gallop, R., . . . Beck, A. (2017). A Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial of Behavioral Activation for Depressed Pregnant Women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(1), 26-36"
        },
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          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
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        },
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          "study": "Dwight-Johnson, 2011",
          "ref": "Dwight-Johnson M, Aisenberg E, Golinelli D, Hong S, O'Brien M, Ludman E. Telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for Latino patients living in rural areas: A randomized pilot study. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(8):936-42."
        },
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          "study": "Forand, 2018",
          "ref": "Forand NR, Barnett JG, Strunk DR, Hindiyeh MU, Feinberg JE, Keefe JR. Efficacy of Guided iCBT for Depression and Mediation of Change by Cognitive Skill Acquisition. Behavior Therapy 2018; 49(2): 295-307."
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          "study": "Forman-Hoffman, 2024",
          "ref": "Forman-Hoffman, V. L., Sihvonen, S., Wielgosz, J., Kuhn, E., Nelson, B. W., Peiper, N. C., & Gould, C. E. (2024). Therapist-supported digital mental health intervention for depressive symptoms: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 349, 494-501. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.057"
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          "study": "Frangou, 2021",
          "ref": "Frangou, E., Bertelli, G., Love, S., Mackean, M. J., Glasspool, R. M., Fotopoulou, C., Cook, A., Nicum, S., Lord, R., Ferguson, M., Roux, R. L., Martinez, M., Butcher, C., Hulbert-Williams, N., Howells, L., & Blagden, S. P. (2021). OVPSYCH2: A randomized controlled trial of psychological support versus standard of care following chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol, 162(2), 431-439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.05.024"
        },
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          "study": "Fuhr, 2019",
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        },
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          "study": "Gilbody, 2017",
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        },
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          "study": "Gilbody, 2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Gilbody, 2024",
          "ref": "Gilbody, S., Littlewood, E., McMillan, D., Atha, L., Bailey, D., Baird, K., . . . Ekers, D. (2024). Behavioural activation to mitigate the psychological impacts of COVID-19 restrictions on older people in England and Wales (BASIL+): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Healthy Longevity, 5(2), e97-e107. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/s2666-7568(23)00238-6"
        },
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          "study": "Gitlin, 2013",
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        },
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          "study": "Glozier, 2013",
          "ref": "Glozier N, Christensen H, Naismith S, Cockayne N, Donkin L, Neal B, et al. Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for adults with mild to moderate depression and high cardiovascular disease risks: A randomised attention-controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e59139."
        },
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          "study": "Graham, 2020",
          "ref": "Graham, A. K., Greene, C. J., Kwasny, M. J., Kaiser, S. M., Lieponis, P., Powell, T., & Mohr, D. C. (2020). Coached mobile app platform for the treatment of depression and anxiety among primary care patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(9), 906-914. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1012"
        },
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          "study": "Guo, 2020",
          "ref": "Guo Y, Hong YA, Cai W, et al. Effect of a WeChat-Based Intervention (Run4Love) on Depressive Symptoms Among People Living With HIV in China: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(2):e16715."
        },
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          "study": "Haakana, 2024",
          "ref": "Haakana, R., Rosenström, T., Parkkinen, L., Tuomisto, M. T., & Isometsä, E. (2024). Effectiveness of an add-on brief group behavioral activation treatment for depression in psychiatric care: a randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 15. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1284363"
        },
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          "study": "He, 2022",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "ref": "Tomasino, K., Lattie, E., Ho, J., Palac, H., Kaiser, S., & Mohr, D. (2017). Harnessing Peer Support in an Online Intervention for Older Adults with Depression. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25(10), 1109-1119."
        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
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        },
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          "study": "Williams, 2018",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
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        },
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          "study": "Yan, 2025",
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        }
      ]
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abbas, 2023a",
          "ref": "Abbas, Q., Latif, S., Ayaz Habib, H., Shahzad, S., Sarwar, U., Shahzadi, M., . . . Washdev, W. (2023). Cognitive behavior therapy for diabetes distress, depression, health anxiety, quality of life and treatment adherence among patients with Type-II diabetes mellitus: A randomized control trial. BMC Psychiatry, 23. doi:10.1186/s12888-023-04546-w"
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Nasrin, 2017",
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        },
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          "study": "Powers, 2023",
          "ref": "Powers, A., Lathan, E. C., Dixon, H. D., Mekawi, Y., Hinrichs, R., Carter, S., . . . Kaslow, N. J. (2023). Primary care-based mindfulness intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms among Black adults: A pilot feasibility and acceptability randomized controlled trial. Psychol Trauma, 15(5), 858-867."
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          "study": "Raevuori, 2021",
          "ref": "Raevuori, A., Vahlberg, T., Korhonen, T., Hilgert, O., Aittakumpu-Hyden, R., & Forman-Hoffman, V. (2021). A therapist-guided smartphone app for major depression in young adults: A randomized clinical trial. J Affect Disord, 286, 228-238. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.02.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sadeh-Sharvit, 2023",
          "ref": "Sadeh-Sharvit, S., Camp, T. D., Horton, S. E., Hefner, J. D., Berry, J. M., Grossman, E., & Hollon, S. D. (2023). Effects of an artificial intelligence platform for behavioral interventions on depression and anxiety symptoms: randomized clinical trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e46781."
        },
        {
          "study": "Torres, 2019",
          "ref": "Torres-Platas SG, Escobar S, Belliveau C, Wu J, Sasi N, Fotso J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Intervention for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. and Psychosomatics. 2019;88(4):254-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wright, 2022",
          "ref": "Wright, J. H., Owen, J., Eells, T. D., Antle, B., Bishop, L. B., Girdler, R., . . . Ali, S. (2022). Effect of Computer-Assisted Cognitive Behavior Therapy vs Usual Care on Depression Among Adults in Primary Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open, 5(2), e2146716. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.46716"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2025",
          "ref": "Yan S, Zhong S, Lyu S, Lai S, Zhang Y, Luo Y, et al. A randomized trial of virtual reality eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy for major depressive disorder with childhood trauma: A 3-month follow-up study. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. 2025."
        }
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abas, 2018",
          "ref": "Abas M, Nyamayaro P, Bere T, et al. Feasibility and acceptability of a task-shifted intervention to enhance adherence to HIV medication and improve depression in people living with HIV in Zimbabwe, a low income country in sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS and Behavior 2018; 22(1): 86-101."
        },
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          "study": "Abbas, 2023a",
          "ref": "Abbas, Q., Latif, S., Ayaz Habib, H., Shahzad, S., Sarwar, U., Shahzadi, M., . . . Washdev, W. (2023). Cognitive behavior therapy for diabetes distress, depression, health anxiety, quality of life and treatment adherence among patients with Type-II diabetes mellitus: A randomized control trial. BMC Psychiatry, 23. doi:10.1186/s12888-023-04546-w"
        },
        {
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        },
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          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
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        },
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          "study": "Bedford, 2018",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Rosso, 2017",
          "ref": "Rosso, I. M., Killgore, W. D., Olson, E. A., Webb, C. A., Fukunaga, R., Auerbach, R. P., Gogel, H., Buchholz, J. L., & Rauch, S. L. Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 34(3), 236-245. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5540163/pdf/nihms884093.pdf"
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        },
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          "study": "Sadeh-Sharvit, 2023",
          "ref": "Sadeh-Sharvit, S., Camp, T. D., Horton, S. E., Hefner, J. D., Berry, J. M., Grossman, E., & Hollon, S. D. (2023). Effects of an artificial intelligence platform for behavioral interventions on depression and anxiety symptoms: randomized clinical trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e46781."
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Sander, 2020",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Schure, 2019",
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        },
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          "study": "Segal, 2020",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Wiechers, 2023",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2018",
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        },
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          "study": "Wright, 2022",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2025",
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        },
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          "study": "Ying, 2022",
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        }
      ]
    },
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      "full": "Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 item version",
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      "sg": "Recruitment",
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Martin, 2015",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Morgan, 2012",
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        },
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          "study": "Mueller-Weinitschke, 2023",
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        },
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          "study": "Newby, 2013",
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        },
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          "study": "Newby, 2017",
          "ref": "Newby, J., Robins, L., Wilhelm, K., Smith, J., Fletcher, T., Gillis, I., . . . Andrews, G. (2017). Web-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Depression in People With Diabetes Mellitus: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 19(5), e157."
        },
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          "study": "Nyström, 2017",
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        },
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          "study": "Pellas, 2022",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Rosso, 2017",
          "ref": "Rosso, I. M., Killgore, W. D., Olson, E. A., Webb, C. A., Fukunaga, R., Auerbach, R. P., Gogel, H., Buchholz, J. L., & Rauch, S. L. Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 34(3), 236-245. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5540163/pdf/nihms884093.pdf"
        },
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          "study": "Schure, 2019",
          "ref": "Schure, M. B., Lindow, J. C., Greist, J. H., Nakonezny, P. A., Bailey, S. J., Bryan, W. L., & Byerly, M. J. (2019). Use of a Fully Automated Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy Intervention in a Community Population of Adults With Depression Symptoms: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 21(11), e14754. doi:10.2196/14754"
        },
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          "study": "Sheeber, 2017",
          "ref": "Sheeber, L., Feil, E., Seeley, J., Leve, C., Gau, J., Davis, B., . . . Allan, S. (2017). Mom-net: evaluation of an internet-facilitated cognitive behavioral intervention for low-income depressed mothers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(4), 355-366."
        },
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          "study": "Smith, 2017",
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        },
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          "study": "Stiles-Shields, 2018",
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        },
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          "study": "Sugg, 2018",
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Thomas, 2019",
          "ref": "Thomas, S. A., Drummond, A. E., Lincoln, N. B., Palmer, R. L., das Nair, R., Latimer, N. R., . . . Topcu, G. (2019). Behavioural activation therapy for post-stroke depression: the BEADS feasibility RCT. Health Technol Assess, 23(47), 1-176. doi:10.3310/hta23470"
        },
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          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
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          "study": "Titov, 2011",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., et al. (2011). Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 441–452."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2015a",
          "ref": "Titov N, Dear BF, Ali S, Zou JB, Lorian CN, Johnston L, et al. Clinical and cost-effectiveness of therapist-guided internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for older adults with symptoms of depression: A randomized controlled trial. Behavior Therapy. 2015;46(2):193-205."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tomasino, 2017",
          "ref": "Tomasino, K., Lattie, E., Ho, J., Palac, H., Kaiser, S., & Mohr, D. (2017). Harnessing Peer Support in an Online Intervention for Older Adults with Depression. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25(10), 1109-1119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2023",
          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2018",
          "ref": "Williams C, McClay CA, Matthews L, et al. Community-based group guided self-help intervention for low mood and stress: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry 2018; 212(2): 88-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        }
      ]
    },
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      "full": "Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 item version",
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      "sg": "Recruitment",
      "sgv": "Community",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 138,
      "k_es": 158,
      "sd": 5.019,
      "lo": 4.773,
      "hi": 5.277,
      "tau2": 0.0775,
      "tau2w": 0.005,
      "plo": 2.852,
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      "i2": null,
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      "refs": [
        {
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        },
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        },
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          "ref": "Silverstone, P. H., Rittenbach, K., Suen, V. Y. M., Moretzsohn, A., Cribben, I., Bercov, M., . . . Trew, M. (2017). Depression outcomes in adults attending family practice were not improved by screening, stepped-care, or online CBT during a 12-week study when compared to controls in a randomized trial."
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Spruill, 2021",
          "ref": "Spruill, T. M., Friedman, D., Diaz, L., Butler, M. J., Goldfeld, K. S., O'Kula, S., . . . Devinsky, O. (2021). Telephone-based depression self-management in Hispanic adults with epilepsy: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Transl Behav Med, 11(7), 1451-1460. doi:10.1093/tbm/ibab045"
        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Thomas, 2019",
          "ref": "Thomas, S. A., Drummond, A. E., Lincoln, N. B., Palmer, R. L., das Nair, R., Latimer, N. R., . . . Topcu, G. (2019). Behavioural activation therapy for post-stroke depression: the BEADS feasibility RCT. Health Technol Assess, 23(47), 1-176. doi:10.3310/hta23470"
        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Tomasino, 2017",
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        },
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          "study": "Torres, 2019",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2023",
          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Wiechers, 2023",
          "ref": "Wiechers M, Strupf M, Bajbouj M, Böge K, Karnouk C, Goerigk S, et al. Empowerment group therapy for refugees with affective disorders: results of a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Eur Psychiatry. 2023;66(1):e64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2018",
          "ref": "Williams C, McClay CA, Matthews L, et al. Community-based group guided self-help intervention for low mood and stress: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry 2018; 212(2): 88-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wright, 2022",
          "ref": "Wright, J. H., Owen, J., Eells, T. D., Antle, B., Bishop, L. B., Girdler, R., . . . Ali, S. (2022). Effect of Computer-Assisted Cognitive Behavior Therapy vs Usual Care on Depression Among Adults in Primary Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open, 5(2), e2146716. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.46716"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2025",
          "ref": "Yan S, Zhong S, Lyu S, Lai S, Zhang Y, Luo Y, et al. A randomized trial of virtual reality eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy for major depressive disorder with childhood trauma: A 3-month follow-up study. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. 2025."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "PHQ-9",
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      "sg": "Recruitment",
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      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
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      "lo": 4.222,
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        {
          "study": "Sikander, 2019",
          "ref": "Sikander, S., Ahmad, I., Atif, N., Zaidi, A., Vanobberghen, F., Weiss, H. A., . . . Rahman, A. (2019). Delivering the Thinking Healthy Programme for perinatal depression through volunteer peers: a cluster randomised controlled trial in Pakistan. The Lancet Psychiatry, 6(2), 128-139. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30467-X"
        },
        {
          "study": "Silverstone, 2017",
          "ref": "Silverstone, P. H., Rittenbach, K., Suen, V. Y. M., Moretzsohn, A., Cribben, I., Bercov, M., . . . Trew, M. (2017). Depression outcomes in adults attending family practice were not improved by screening, stepped-care, or online CBT during a 12-week study when compared to controls in a randomized trial."
        },
        {
          "study": "Spruill, 2021",
          "ref": "Spruill, T. M., Friedman, D., Diaz, L., Butler, M. J., Goldfeld, K. S., O'Kula, S., . . . Devinsky, O. (2021). Telephone-based depression self-management in Hispanic adults with epilepsy: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Transl Behav Med, 11(7), 1451-1460. doi:10.1093/tbm/ibab045"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stuart, 2022",
          "ref": "StuartRoderick, HeidiFischer, SLeitzke, A., DavidaBecker, NeetaSaheba, & JColeman, K. (2022). The Effectiveness of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for the Treatment of Depression in a Large Real-World Primary Care Practice: A Randomized Trial. The Permanente Journal, 26(3), 53-60. https://doi.org/doi:10.7812/TPP/21.183"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
          "ref": "Tully, P. J., Turnbull, D. A., Horowitz, J. D., Beltrame, J. F., Baune, B. T., Sauer-Zavala, S., . . . Wittert, G. A. (2022). Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Results From the CHAMPS Pilot-Feasibility Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.741039"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
          "ref": "van Luenen, S., Garnefski, N., Spinhoven, P., & Kraaij, V. (2018). Guided internet-based intervention for people with HIV and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial in the Netherlands. The lancet HIV, 5(9), e488-e497."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wiechers, 2023",
          "ref": "Wiechers M, Strupf M, Bajbouj M, Böge K, Karnouk C, Goerigk S, et al. Empowerment group therapy for refugees with affective disorders: results of a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Eur Psychiatry. 2023;66(1):e64."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1668,
      "instr": "PHQ-9",
      "full": "Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 item version",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Recruitment",
      "sgv": "Other",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 138,
      "k_es": 158,
      "sd": 5.019,
      "lo": 4.773,
      "hi": 5.277,
      "tau2": 0.0775,
      "tau2w": 0.005,
      "plo": 2.852,
      "phi": 8.833,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abas, 2018",
          "ref": "Abas M, Nyamayaro P, Bere T, et al. Feasibility and acceptability of a task-shifted intervention to enhance adherence to HIV medication and improve depression in people living with HIV in Zimbabwe, a low income country in sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS and Behavior 2018; 22(1): 86-101."
        },
        {
          "study": "Abbas, 2023a",
          "ref": "Abbas, Q., Latif, S., Ayaz Habib, H., Shahzad, S., Sarwar, U., Shahzadi, M., . . . Washdev, W. (2023). Cognitive behavior therapy for diabetes distress, depression, health anxiety, quality of life and treatment adherence among patients with Type-II diabetes mellitus: A randomized control trial. BMC Psychiatry, 23. doi:10.1186/s12888-023-04546-w"
        },
        {
          "study": "Abbas, 2023b",
          "ref": "Abbas, Q., Nisa, M., Khan, M. U., Anwar, N., Aljhani, S., Ramzan, Z., & Shahzadi, M. (2023). Brief cognitive behavior therapy for stigmatization, depression, quality of life, social support and adherence to treatment among patients with HIV/AIDS: a randomized control trial. BMC Psychiatry, 23(1), 539."
        },
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          "study": "Ahmed, 2025",
          "ref": "Ahmed N, Zavala GA, Siddiqui F, Aslam F, Keding A, Halmkan S, et al. A randomised controlled feasibility trial of Behavioural activation as a treatment for people with diabetes and depression: (DiaDeM feasibility trial). J Affect Disord. 2025;372:333-46."
        },
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          "study": "Arjadi, 2018",
          "ref": "Arjadi R, Nauta MH, Scholte WF, et al. Internet-based behavioural activation with lay counsellor support versus online minimal psychoeducation without support for treatment of depression: a randomised controlled trial in Indonesia. The lancet psychiatry 2018; 5(9): 707‐16."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bae, 2023",
          "ref": "Bae, J. H., Park, E. H., Lee, H. K., Yoon, K. H., Won, K. C., Kim, H. M., & Kim, S. G. (2024). Enhancing Diabetes Care through a Mobile Application: A Randomized Clinical Trial on Integrating Physical and Mental Health among Disadvantaged Individuals. Diabetes Metab J. https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0298 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bathgate, 2022",
          "ref": "Bathgate, C. J., Kilbourn, K. M., Murphy, N. H., Wamboldt, F. S., & Holm, K. E. (2022). Pilot RCT of a telehealth intervention to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society, 21(2), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.012"
        },
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          "study": "Baumeister, 2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Bedard, 2014",
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        },
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          "study": "Bedford, 2018",
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        },
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          "study": "Bendig, 2021",
          "ref": "Bendig, E., Bauereiß, N., Buntrock, C., Habibović, M., Ebert, D. D., & Baumeister, H. (2021). Lessons learned from an attempted randomized-controlled feasibility trial on “WIDeCAD” - An internet-based depression treatment for people living with coronary artery disease (CAD) [Article]. Internet Interventions, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100375"
        },
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          "study": "Berman, 2022",
          "ref": "Berman, M. I., Park, J., Kragenbrink, M. E., & Hegel, M. T. (2022). Accept Yourself! A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Self-Acceptance-Based Treatment for Large-Bodied Women With Depression. Behav Ther, 53(5), 913-926. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.03.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bolinski, 2022",
          "ref": "Bolinski, F., Kleiboer, A., Neijenhuijs, K., Karyotaki, E., Wiers, R., de Koning, L., . . . Riper, H. (2022). Challenges in Recruiting University Students for Web-Based Indicated Prevention of Depression and Anxiety: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial (ICare Prevent). J Med Internet Res, 24(12), e40892. doi:10.2196/4089"
        },
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          "study": "Burns, 2013",
          "ref": "Burns A, O'Mahen H, Baxter H, Bennert K, Wiles N, Ramchandani P, et al. A pilot randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for antenatal depression. BMC psychiatry. 2013;13:33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chen, 2023",
          "ref": "Chen, X., Zeng, M., Chen, C., Zhu, D., Chen, L., & Jiang, Z. (2023). Efficacy of Psycho-Cardiology therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with mild anxiety and depression. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 9. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1031255"
        },
        {
          "study": "Choi, 2012",
          "ref": "Choi I, Zou J, Titov N, Dear BF, Li S, Johnston L, et al. Culturally attuned Internet treatment for depression amongst Chinese Australians: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2012;136(3):459-68."
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          "study": "Clarke, 2019",
          "ref": "Clarke, J., Sanatkar, S., Baldwin, P. A., Fletcher, S., Gunn, J., Wilhelm, K., Campbell, L., Zwar, N., Harris, M., Lapsley, H., Hadzi-Pavlovic, D., Christensen, H., & Proudfoot, J. (2019). A Web-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy Intervention to Improve Social and Occupational Functioning in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes (The SpringboarD Trial): Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 21(5), e12246."
        },
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          "study": "Cooper, 2024",
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        },
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          "study": "Cramer, 2011",
          "ref": "Cramer H, Salisbury C, Conrad J, Eldred J, Araya R. Group cognitive behavioural therapy for women with depression: Pilot and feasibility study for a randomised controlled trial using mixed methods. BMC psychiatry. 2011;11:82."
        },
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          "study": "Cuijpers, 2022a",
          "ref": "Cuijpers, P., Heim, E., Abi Ramia, J., Burchert, S., Carswell, K., Cornelisz, I., . . . El Chammay, R. (2022). Effects of a WHO-guided digital health intervention for depression in Syrian refugees in Lebanon: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS Med, 19(6), e1004025. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1004025"
        },
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        },
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          "ref": "Danaher BG, Seeley JR, Silver RK, Tyler MS, Kim JJ, La Porte LM, Cleveland E, Smith DR, Milgrom J, Gau JM. Trial of a patient-directed eHealth program to ameliorate perinatal depression: the MomMoodBooster2 practical effectiveness study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2023 Apr;228(4):453.e1-453.e10. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022927."
        },
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          "study": "Deady, 2016",
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        },
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          "study": "Dimidjian, 2017",
          "ref": "Dimidjian, S., Goodman, S., Sherwood, N., Simon, G., Ludman, E., Gallop, R., . . . Beck, A. (2017). A Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial of Behavioral Activation for Depressed Pregnant Women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(1), 26-36"
        },
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          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dwight-Johnson, 2011",
          "ref": "Dwight-Johnson M, Aisenberg E, Golinelli D, Hong S, O'Brien M, Ludman E. Telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for Latino patients living in rural areas: A randomized pilot study. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(8):936-42."
        },
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          "study": "Forand, 2018",
          "ref": "Forand NR, Barnett JG, Strunk DR, Hindiyeh MU, Feinberg JE, Keefe JR. Efficacy of Guided iCBT for Depression and Mediation of Change by Cognitive Skill Acquisition. Behavior Therapy 2018; 49(2): 295-307."
        },
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          "study": "Forman-Hoffman, 2024",
          "ref": "Forman-Hoffman, V. L., Sihvonen, S., Wielgosz, J., Kuhn, E., Nelson, B. W., Peiper, N. C., & Gould, C. E. (2024). Therapist-supported digital mental health intervention for depressive symptoms: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 349, 494-501. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.057"
        },
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          "study": "Frangou, 2021",
          "ref": "Frangou, E., Bertelli, G., Love, S., Mackean, M. J., Glasspool, R. M., Fotopoulou, C., Cook, A., Nicum, S., Lord, R., Ferguson, M., Roux, R. L., Martinez, M., Butcher, C., Hulbert-Williams, N., Howells, L., & Blagden, S. P. (2021). OVPSYCH2: A randomized controlled trial of psychological support versus standard of care following chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol, 162(2), 431-439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.05.024"
        },
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          "study": "Fuhr, 2019",
          "ref": "Fuhr, D. C., Weobong, B., Lazarus, A., Vanobberghen, F., Weiss, H. A., Singla, D. R., . . . Patel, V. (2019). Delivering the Thinking Healthy Programme for perinatal depression through peers: An individually randomised controlled trial in India. The Lancet Psychiatry, 6(2), 115-127. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30466-8"
        },
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          "study": "Funderburk, 2021",
          "ref": "Funderburk, J. S., Pigeon, W. R., Shepardson, R. L., Wade, M., Acker, J., Fivecoat, H., Wray, L. O., & Maisto, S. A. (2021). Treating depressive symptoms among veterans in primary care: A multi-site RCT of brief behavioral activation. J Affect Disord, 283, 11-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.01.033"
        },
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          "study": "Gilbody, 2017",
          "ref": "Gilbody S, Brabyn S, Lovell K, Kessler D, Devlin T, Smith L, Araya R, Barkham M, Bower P, Cooper C, Knowles S, Littlewood E, Richards DA, Tallon D, White D, Worthy G; REEACT collaborative. Telephone-supported computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy: REEACT-2 large-scale pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2017 May;210(5):362-367. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.116.192435. Epub 2017 Mar 2. PMID: 28254959."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gilbody, 2021",
          "ref": "Gilbody, S., et al. (2021). \"Can We Prevent Depression in At-Risk Older Adults Using Self-Help? The UK SHARD Trial of Behavioral Activation.\" American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gilbody, 2024",
          "ref": "Gilbody, S., Littlewood, E., McMillan, D., Atha, L., Bailey, D., Baird, K., . . . Ekers, D. (2024). Behavioural activation to mitigate the psychological impacts of COVID-19 restrictions on older people in England and Wales (BASIL+): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Healthy Longevity, 5(2), e97-e107. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/s2666-7568(23)00238-6"
        },
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          "study": "Gitlin, 2013",
          "ref": "Gitlin LN, Harris LF, McCoy MC, Chernett NL, Pizzi LT, Jutkowitz E, et al. A home-based intervention to reduce depressive symptoms and improve quality of life in older African Americans: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;159(4):243-52."
        },
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          "study": "Glozier, 2013",
          "ref": "Glozier N, Christensen H, Naismith S, Cockayne N, Donkin L, Neal B, et al. Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for adults with mild to moderate depression and high cardiovascular disease risks: A randomised attention-controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e59139."
        },
        {
          "study": "Graham, 2020",
          "ref": "Graham, A. K., Greene, C. J., Kwasny, M. J., Kaiser, S. M., Lieponis, P., Powell, T., & Mohr, D. C. (2020). Coached mobile app platform for the treatment of depression and anxiety among primary care patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(9), 906-914. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1012"
        },
        {
          "study": "Guo, 2020",
          "ref": "Guo Y, Hong YA, Cai W, et al. Effect of a WeChat-Based Intervention (Run4Love) on Depressive Symptoms Among People Living With HIV in China: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(2):e16715."
        },
        {
          "study": "Haakana, 2024",
          "ref": "Haakana, R., Rosenström, T., Parkkinen, L., Tuomisto, M. T., & Isometsä, E. (2024). Effectiveness of an add-on brief group behavioral activation treatment for depression in psychiatric care: a randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 15. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1284363"
        },
        {
          "study": "He, 2022",
          "ref": "He, Y., Yang, L., Zhu, X., Wu, B., Zhang, S., Qian, C., & Tian, T. (2022). Mental Health Chatbot for Young Adults With Depressive Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Single-Blind, Three-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 24(11), e40719. doi:10.2196/40719"
        },
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          "study": "Heim, 2021",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Jelinek, 2020",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Johansson, 2013",
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        },
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          "study": "Johansson, 2019b",
          "ref": "Johansson P, Westas M, Andersson G, Alehagen U, Broström A, Jaarsma T, Mourad G, Lundgren J An Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program Adapted to Patients With Cardiovascular Disease and Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial JMIR Ment Health 2019;6(10):e14648"
        },
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          "study": "Johnston, 2011",
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        },
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          "study": "Jordans, 2019",
          "ref": "Jordans, M. J. D., Luitel, N. P., Garman, E., Kohrt, B. A., Rathod, S. D., Shrestha, P., . . . Patel, V. (2019). Effectiveness of psychological treatments for depression and alcohol use disorder delivered by community-based counsellors: Two pragmatic randomised controlled trials within primary healthcare in Nepal. British Journal of Psychiatry, 215(2), 485-493. doi:10.1192/bjp.2018.300"
        },
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          "study": "Kamga, 2017",
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        },
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          "study": "Karyotaki, 2022",
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        },
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          "study": "Keeley, 2016",
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        },
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          "study": "Kemmeren, 2023",
          "ref": "Kemmeren, L. L., van Schaik, A., Draisma, S., Kleiboer, A., Riper, H., & Smit, J. H. (2023). Effectiveness of Blended Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Treatment as Usual for Depression in Routine Specialized Mental Healthcare: E-COMPARED Trial in the Netherlands. Cognitive Therapy and Research. doi:10.1007/s10608-023-10363-y"
        },
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          "study": "Kladnitski, 2020",
          "ref": "Kladnitski N, Smith J, Uppal S, James MA, Allen AR, Andrews G, et al. Transdiagnostic internet-delivered CBT and mindfulness-based treatment for depression and anxiety: A randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions. 2020;20."
        },
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          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
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          "study": "Klein, 2016",
          "ref": "Klein, J. P., Berger, T., Schröder, J., Späth, C., Meyer, B., Caspar, F., Lutz, W., Arndt, A., Greiner, W., Gräfe, V., Hautzinger, M., Fuhr, K., Rose, M., Nolte, S., Löwe, B., Anderssoni, G., Vettorazzi, E., Moritz, S., & Hohagen, F. (2016). Effects of a Psychological Internet Intervention in the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Depressive Symptoms: Results of the EVIDENT Study, a Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 85(4), 218-228."
        },
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          "study": "Knapstad, 2020",
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        },
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        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2025",
          "ref": "Yan S, Zhong S, Lyu S, Lai S, Zhang Y, Luo Y, et al. A randomized trial of virtual reality eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy for major depressive disorder with childhood trauma: A 3-month follow-up study. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. 2025."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1669,
      "instr": "PHQ-9",
      "full": "Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 item version",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Low risk of bias",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 75,
      "k_es": 83,
      "sd": 5.143,
      "lo": 4.868,
      "hi": 5.434,
      "tau2": 0.0532,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.262,
      "phi": 8.11,
      "i2": 95,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abas, 2018",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Arjadi, 2018",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Guo, 2020",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "He, 2022",
          "ref": "He, Y., Yang, L., Zhu, X., Wu, B., Zhang, S., Qian, C., & Tian, T. (2022). Mental Health Chatbot for Young Adults With Depressive Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Single-Blind, Three-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 24(11), e40719. doi:10.2196/40719"
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          "study": "Husain, 2023",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Johansson, 2012a",
          "ref": "Johansson R, Ekbladh S, Hebert A, Lindström M, Möller S, Petitt E, et al. Psychodynamic guided self-help for adult depression through the internet: A randomised controlled trial. PloS One. 2012;7(5):e38021."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2013",
          "ref": "Johansson, R., Björklund, M., Hornborg, C., Karlsson, S., Hesser, H., Ljótsson, B. L., . . . Andersson, G. (2013). Affect-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression and anxiety through the internet: A randomized controlled trial. PeerJ, 2013(1). doi:10.7717/peerj.102"
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2019b",
          "ref": "Johansson P, Westas M, Andersson G, Alehagen U, Broström A, Jaarsma T, Mourad G, Lundgren J An Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program Adapted to Patients With Cardiovascular Disease and Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial JMIR Ment Health 2019;6(10):e14648"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jordans, 2019",
          "ref": "Jordans, M. J. D., Luitel, N. P., Garman, E., Kohrt, B. A., Rathod, S. D., Shrestha, P., . . . Patel, V. (2019). Effectiveness of psychological treatments for depression and alcohol use disorder delivered by community-based counsellors: Two pragmatic randomised controlled trials within primary healthcare in Nepal. British Journal of Psychiatry, 215(2), 485-493. doi:10.1192/bjp.2018.300"
        },
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          "study": "Kamga, 2017",
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        },
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          "study": "Karyotaki, 2022",
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        },
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          "study": "Keeley, 2016",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
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          "study": "Klein, 2016",
          "ref": "Klein, J. P., Berger, T., Schröder, J., Späth, C., Meyer, B., Caspar, F., Lutz, W., Arndt, A., Greiner, W., Gräfe, V., Hautzinger, M., Fuhr, K., Rose, M., Nolte, S., Löwe, B., Anderssoni, G., Vettorazzi, E., Moritz, S., & Hohagen, F. (2016). Effects of a Psychological Internet Intervention in the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Depressive Symptoms: Results of the EVIDENT Study, a Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 85(4), 218-228."
        },
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          "study": "Koelen, 2024",
          "ref": "Koelen, J., Klein, A., Wolters, N., Bol, E., De Koning, L., Roetink, S., ... & Wiers, R. (2024). Web-Based, Human-Guided, or Computer-Guided Transdiagnostic Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in University Students With Anxiety and Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Mental Health, 11, e50503."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lopes, 2023",
          "ref": "Lopes, R. T., da Rocha, G. C., Svacina, M. A., Meyer, B., Šipka, D., & Berger, T. (2023). Effectiveness of an Internet-Based Self-Guided Program to Treat Depression in a Sample of Brazilian Users: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Form Res, 7, e46326. https://doi.org/10.2196/46326 "
        },
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          "study": "Lundgren, 2016",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Thomas, 2019",
          "ref": "Thomas, S. A., Drummond, A. E., Lincoln, N. B., Palmer, R. L., das Nair, R., Latimer, N. R., . . . Topcu, G. (2019). Behavioural activation therapy for post-stroke depression: the BEADS feasibility RCT. Health Technol Assess, 23(47), 1-176. doi:10.3310/hta23470"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2015a",
          "ref": "Titov N, Dear BF, Ali S, Zou JB, Lorian CN, Johnston L, et al. Clinical and cost-effectiveness of therapist-guided internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for older adults with symptoms of depression: A randomized controlled trial. Behavior Therapy. 2015;46(2):193-205."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tully, 2022",
          "ref": "Tully, P. J., Turnbull, D. A., Horowitz, J. D., Beltrame, J. F., Baune, B. T., Sauer-Zavala, S., . . . Wittert, G. A. (2022). Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Results From the CHAMPS Pilot-Feasibility Trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.741039"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
          "ref": "van Luenen, S., Garnefski, N., Spinhoven, P., & Kraaij, V. (2018). Guided internet-based intervention for people with HIV and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial in the Netherlands. The lancet HIV, 5(9), e488-e497."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wiechers, 2023",
          "ref": "Wiechers M, Strupf M, Bajbouj M, Böge K, Karnouk C, Goerigk S, et al. Empowerment group therapy for refugees with affective disorders: results of a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Eur Psychiatry. 2023;66(1):e64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2018",
          "ref": "Williams C, McClay CA, Matthews L, et al. Community-based group guided self-help intervention for low mood and stress: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry 2018; 212(2): 88-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "full": "Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 item version",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Low risk of bias",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 138,
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      "sd": 5.019,
      "lo": 4.773,
      "hi": 5.277,
      "tau2": 0.0775,
      "tau2w": 0.005,
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      "refs": [
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "ref": "Wright, J. H., Owen, J., Eells, T. D., Antle, B., Bishop, L. B., Girdler, R., . . . Ali, S. (2022). Effect of Computer-Assisted Cognitive Behavior Therapy vs Usual Care on Depression Among Adults in Primary Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open, 5(2), e2146716. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.46716"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2025",
          "ref": "Yan S, Zhong S, Lyu S, Lai S, Zhang Y, Luo Y, et al. A randomized trial of virtual reality eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy for major depressive disorder with childhood trauma: A 3-month follow-up study. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. 2025."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        }
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    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abbas, 2023a",
          "ref": "Abbas, Q., Latif, S., Ayaz Habib, H., Shahzad, S., Sarwar, U., Shahzadi, M., . . . Washdev, W. (2023). Cognitive behavior therapy for diabetes distress, depression, health anxiety, quality of life and treatment adherence among patients with Type-II diabetes mellitus: A randomized control trial. BMC Psychiatry, 23. doi:10.1186/s12888-023-04546-w"
        },
        {
          "study": "Abbas, 2023b",
          "ref": "Abbas, Q., Nisa, M., Khan, M. U., Anwar, N., Aljhani, S., Ramzan, Z., & Shahzadi, M. (2023). Brief cognitive behavior therapy for stigmatization, depression, quality of life, social support and adherence to treatment among patients with HIV/AIDS: a randomized control trial. BMC Psychiatry, 23(1), 539."
        },
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          "study": "Ahmed, 2025",
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        },
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          "ref": "Bae, J. H., Park, E. H., Lee, H. K., Yoon, K. H., Won, K. C., Kim, H. M., & Kim, S. G. (2024). Enhancing Diabetes Care through a Mobile Application: A Randomized Clinical Trial on Integrating Physical and Mental Health among Disadvantaged Individuals. Diabetes Metab J. https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0298 "
        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Berman, 2022",
          "ref": "Berman, M. I., Park, J., Kragenbrink, M. E., & Hegel, M. T. (2022). Accept Yourself! A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Self-Acceptance-Based Treatment for Large-Bodied Women With Depression. Behav Ther, 53(5), 913-926. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.03.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chen, 2023",
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        },
        {
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          "ref": "Cramer H, Salisbury C, Conrad J, Eldred J, Araya R. Group cognitive behavioural therapy for women with depression: Pilot and feasibility study for a randomised controlled trial using mixed methods. BMC psychiatry. 2011;11:82."
        },
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          "ref": "Danaher BG, Seeley JR, Silver RK, Tyler MS, Kim JJ, La Porte LM, Cleveland E, Smith DR, Milgrom J, Gau JM. Trial of a patient-directed eHealth program to ameliorate perinatal depression: the MomMoodBooster2 practical effectiveness study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2023 Apr;228(4):453.e1-453.e10. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022927."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dwight-Johnson, 2011",
          "ref": "Dwight-Johnson M, Aisenberg E, Golinelli D, Hong S, O'Brien M, Ludman E. Telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for Latino patients living in rural areas: A randomized pilot study. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(8):936-42."
        },
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          "study": "Forand, 2018",
          "ref": "Forand NR, Barnett JG, Strunk DR, Hindiyeh MU, Feinberg JE, Keefe JR. Efficacy of Guided iCBT for Depression and Mediation of Change by Cognitive Skill Acquisition. Behavior Therapy 2018; 49(2): 295-307."
        },
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          "study": "Forman-Hoffman, 2024",
          "ref": "Forman-Hoffman, V. L., Sihvonen, S., Wielgosz, J., Kuhn, E., Nelson, B. W., Peiper, N. C., & Gould, C. E. (2024). Therapist-supported digital mental health intervention for depressive symptoms: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 349, 494-501. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.057"
        },
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          "study": "Frangou, 2021",
          "ref": "Frangou, E., Bertelli, G., Love, S., Mackean, M. J., Glasspool, R. M., Fotopoulou, C., Cook, A., Nicum, S., Lord, R., Ferguson, M., Roux, R. L., Martinez, M., Butcher, C., Hulbert-Williams, N., Howells, L., & Blagden, S. P. (2021). OVPSYCH2: A randomized controlled trial of psychological support versus standard of care following chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol, 162(2), 431-439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.05.024"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fuhr, 2019",
          "ref": "Fuhr, D. C., Weobong, B., Lazarus, A., Vanobberghen, F., Weiss, H. A., Singla, D. R., . . . Patel, V. (2019). Delivering the Thinking Healthy Programme for perinatal depression through peers: An individually randomised controlled trial in India. The Lancet Psychiatry, 6(2), 115-127. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30466-8"
        },
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          "study": "Funderburk, 2021",
          "ref": "Funderburk, J. S., Pigeon, W. R., Shepardson, R. L., Wade, M., Acker, J., Fivecoat, H., Wray, L. O., & Maisto, S. A. (2021). Treating depressive symptoms among veterans in primary care: A multi-site RCT of brief behavioral activation. J Affect Disord, 283, 11-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.01.033"
        },
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          "study": "Heim, 2021",
          "ref": "Heim, E., Ramia, J. A., Hana, R. A., Burchert, S., Carswell, K., Cornelisz, I., . . . van't Hof, E. (2021). Step-by-step: Feasibility randomised controlled trial of a mobile-based intervention for depression among populations affected by adversity in Lebanon. Internet Interventions, 24, 100380. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100380"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hermanns, 2015",
          "ref": "Hermanns N, Schmitt A, Gahr A, Herder C, Nowotny B, Roden M, et al. The effect of a diabetes-specific cognitive behavioral treatment program (DIAMOS) for patients with diabetes and subclinical depression: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(4):551-60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain, 2021a",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Fatima, B., Chaudhry, I. B., Husain, M., Shah, S., Bassett, P., Cohen, N., Jafri, F., Naeem, S., Zadeh, Z., Roberts, C., Rahman, A., Naeem, F., Husain, M. I., & Chaudhry, N. (2021). An integrated parenting intervention for maternal depression and child development in a low-resource setting: Cluster randomized controlled trial [Article]. Depress Anxiety, 38(9), 925-939. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23169"
        },
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          "study": "Jelinek, 2020",
          "ref": "Jelinek L, Arlt S, Moritz S, Schröder J, Westermann S, Cludius B. Brief Web-Based Intervention for Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial on Behavioral Activation. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(3):e15312."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnston, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnston, L., Titov, N., Andrews, G., Spence, J., & Dear, B. F. (2011). A RCT of a transdiagnostic internet-delivered treatment for three anxiety disorders: examination of support roles and disorder-specific outcomes. PLoS One, 6(11), e28079. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kladnitski, 2020",
          "ref": "Kladnitski N, Smith J, Uppal S, James MA, Allen AR, Andrews G, et al. Transdiagnostic internet-delivered CBT and mindfulness-based treatment for depression and anxiety: A randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions. 2020;20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Knapstad, 2020",
          "ref": "Knapstad M, Lervik LV, Sæther SMM, Aarø LE, Smith ORF. Effectiveness of Prompt Mental Health Care, the Norwegian Version of Improving Access to Psychological Therapies: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(2):90-105. doi: 10.1159/000504453. Epub 2019 Dec 3. PMID: 31794968; PMCID: PMC7158231."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lemma, 2013",
          "ref": "Lemma A, Fonagy P. Feasibility study of a psychodynamic online group intervention for depression. Psychoanalytic Psychology. 2013;30(3):367-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerner, 2015",
          "ref": "Lerner D, Adler DA, Rogers WH, Chang H, Greenhill A, Cymerman E, et al. A randomized clinical trial of a telephone depression intervention to reduce employee presenteeism and absenteeism. Psychiatric Services. 2015;66(6):570-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Liang, 2021",
          "ref": "Liang, L., Feng, L., Zheng, X., Wu, Y., Zhang, C., & Li, J. (2021). Effect of dialectical behavior group therapy on the anxiety and depression of medical students under the normalization of epidemic prevention and control for the COVID-19 epidemic: a randomized study. Ann Palliat Med, 10(10), 10591-10599. https://doi.org/10.21037/apm-21-2466"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin, 2023",
          "ref": "Lin, Z., et al. (2023). \"The Effect of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Major Depressive Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" Journal of Medical Internet Research 25(1)."
        },
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          "study": "Liu, 2024",
          "ref": "Liu YE, Lv J, Sun FZ, Liang JJ, Zhang YY, Chen J, et al. Effectiveness of group acceptance and commitment therapy in treating depression for acute stroke patients. Brain Behav. 2023;13(12):e3260."
        },
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          "study": "Lloyd-Williams, 2018",
          "ref": "Lloyd-Williams M, Shiels C, Ellis J, et al. Pilot randomised controlled trial of focused narrative intervention for moderate to severe depression in palliative care patients: DISCERN trial. Palliative medicine 2018; 32(1): 206‐15."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lobner, 2018",
          "ref": "Lobner M, Pabst A, Stein J, et al. Computerized cognitive behavior therapy for patients with mild to moderately severe depression in primary care: A pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial (@ktiv). J Affect Disord 2018-238: 317-26."
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Lukas, 2021",
          "ref": "Lukas, C. A., et al. (2021). \"A gamified smartphone-based intervention for depression: Randomized controlled pilot trial.\" JMIR Mental Health 8(7)."
        },
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          "study": "MacLean, 2020",
          "ref": "MacLean S, Corsi DJ, Litchfield S, et al. Coach-facilitated web-based therapy compared with information about web-based resources in patients referred to secondary mental health care for depression: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2020;22(6)."
        },
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          "study": "Martin, 2015",
          "ref": "Martin PR, Aiello R, Gilson K, Meadows G, Milgrom J, Reece J. Cognitive behavior therapy for comorbid migraine and/or tension-type headache and major depressive disorder: An exploratory randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2015;73:8-18."
        },
        {
          "study": "Meyer, 2015",
          "ref": "Meyer B, Bierbrodt J, Schroder J, Berger T, Beevers CG, Weiss M, et al. Effects of an Internet intervention (Deprexis) on severe depression symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Internet Interventions. 2015;2(1):48-59."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohr, 2011",
          "ref": "Mohr DC, Carmody T, Erickson L, Jin L, Leader J. Telephone-administered cognitive behavioral therapy for veterans served by community-based outpatient clinics. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2011;79(2):261-5."
        },
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          "study": "Morgan, 2012",
          "ref": "Morgan, A. J., Jorm, A. F., & Mackinnon, A. J. (2012). Email-based promotion of self-help for subthreshold depression: Mood Memos randomised controlled trial Multicenter Study-Randomized Controlled Trial-Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't. British Journal of Psychiatry, 200(5), 412-418. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.111.101394."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nasrin, 2017",
          "ref": "Nasrin, F., Rimes, K., Reinecke, A., Rinck, M., & Barnhofer, T. (2017). Effects of Brief Behavioural Activation on Approach and Avoidance Tendencies in Acute Depression: preliminary Findings. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 45(1), 58-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nassim, 2021",
          "ref": "Nassim, M., Park, H., Dikaios, E., Potes, A., Elbaz, S., Mc Veigh, C., . . . Rej, S. (2021). Brief Mindfulness Intervention vs. Health Enhancement Program for Patients Undergoing Dialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel), 9(6). doi:10.3390/healthcare9060659"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2013",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Oehler, 2020",
          "ref": "Oehler C, Görges F, Rogalla M, Rummel-Kluge C, Hegerl U. Efficacy of a Guided Web-Based Self-Management Intervention for Depression or Dysthymia: Randomized Controlled Trial With a 12-Month Follow-Up Using an Active Control Condition. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(7):e15361."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pellas, 2022",
          "ref": "Pellas, J., Renner, F., Ji, J. L., & Damberg, M. (2022). Telephone-based behavioral activation with mental imagery for depression: A pilot randomized clinical trial in isolated older adults during the Covid-19 pandemic. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 37(1). doi:10.1002/gps.5646"
        },
        {
          "study": "Perini, 2009",
          "ref": "Perini S, Titov N, Andrews G. Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for depression: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;43(6):571-8."
        },
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          "study": "Petersen, 2014",
          "ref": "Petersen I, Hanass Hancock J, Bhana A, Govender K. A group-based counselling intervention for depression comorbid with HIV/AIDS using a task shifting approach in South Africa: A randomized controlled pilot study. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2014;158:78-84."
        },
        {
          "study": "Powers, 2023",
          "ref": "Powers, A., Lathan, E. C., Dixon, H. D., Mekawi, Y., Hinrichs, R., Carter, S., . . . Kaslow, N. J. (2023). Primary care-based mindfulness intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms among Black adults: A pilot feasibility and acceptability randomized controlled trial. Psychol Trauma, 15(5), 858-867."
        },
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          "study": "Russell, 2020",
          "ref": "Russell, A., Gaunt, D. M., Cooper, K., Barton, S., Horwood, J., Kessler, D., . . . et al. (2019). The feasibility of low-intensity psychological therapy for depression co-occurring with autism in adults: the Autism Depression Trial (ADEPT) – a pilot randomised controlled trial. Autism. doi:10.1177/1362361319889272"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sadeh-Sharvit, 2023",
          "ref": "Sadeh-Sharvit, S., Camp, T. D., Horton, S. E., Hefner, J. D., Berry, J. M., Grossman, E., & Hollon, S. D. (2023). Effects of an artificial intelligence platform for behavioral interventions on depression and anxiety symptoms: randomized clinical trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e46781."
        },
        {
          "study": "Salamanca-Sanabria, 2020",
          "ref": "Salamanca-Sanabria A, Richards D, Timulak L, et al. A culturally adapted cognitive behavioral internet-delivered intervention for depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. JMIR Mental Health. 2020;7(1)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schure, 2019",
          "ref": "Schure, M. B., Lindow, J. C., Greist, J. H., Nakonezny, P. A., Bailey, S. J., Bryan, W. L., & Byerly, M. J. (2019). Use of a Fully Automated Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy Intervention in a Community Population of Adults With Depression Symptoms: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 21(11), e14754. doi:10.2196/14754"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheeber, 2017",
          "ref": "Sheeber, L., Feil, E., Seeley, J., Leve, C., Gau, J., Davis, B., . . . Allan, S. (2017). Mom-net: evaluation of an internet-facilitated cognitive behavioral intervention for low-income depressed mothers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(4), 355-366."
        },
        {
          "study": "Silverstone, 2017",
          "ref": "Silverstone, P. H., Rittenbach, K., Suen, V. Y. M., Moretzsohn, A., Cribben, I., Bercov, M., . . . Trew, M. (2017). Depression outcomes in adults attending family practice were not improved by screening, stepped-care, or online CBT during a 12-week study when compared to controls in a randomized trial."
        },
        {
          "study": "Smith, 2017",
          "ref": "Smith, J., Newby, J. M., Burston, N., Murphy, M. J., Michael, S., Mackenzie, A., . . . Andrews, G. (2017). Help from home for depression: A randomised controlled trial comparing internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy with bibliotherapy for depression. Internet Interventions, 9, 25-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stiles-Shields, 2018",
          "ref": "Stiles-Shields, C., Montague, E., Kwasny, M. J., & Mohr, D. C. (2019). Behavioral and cognitive intervention strategies delivered via coached apps for depression: Pilot trial. Psychological services, 16(2), 233-238. doi:10.1037/ser0000261"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2011",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., et al. (2011). Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 441–452."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tomasino, 2017",
          "ref": "Tomasino, K., Lattie, E., Ho, J., Palac, H., Kaiser, S., & Mohr, D. (2017). Harnessing Peer Support in an Online Intervention for Older Adults with Depression. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25(10), 1109-1119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Torres, 2019",
          "ref": "Torres-Platas SG, Escobar S, Belliveau C, Wu J, Sasi N, Fotso J, et al. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Intervention for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. and Psychosomatics. 2019;88(4):254-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2023",
          "ref": "Wang, M., H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J. Chen, C. Hu, R. Feng, D. Liu, P. Fu, C. Zhang, J. Cao, J. Yue, H. Yu, H. Yang, B. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Tong, S. Zhu and Y. Yang (2023). \"Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial.\" J Psychiatr Res 161: 27-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wright, 2022",
          "ref": "Wright, J. H., Owen, J., Eells, T. D., Antle, B., Bishop, L. B., Girdler, R., . . . Ali, S. (2022). Effect of Computer-Assisted Cognitive Behavior Therapy vs Usual Care on Depression Among Adults in Primary Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open, 5(2), e2146716. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.46716"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2022",
          "ref": "Yan, Z., Meng, F., He, M., & Li, Z. (2022). The efficacy of a transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral intervention for Chinese elderly with emotional disorders: A one-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027994"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yan, 2025",
          "ref": "Yan S, Zhong S, Lyu S, Lai S, Zhang Y, Luo Y, et al. A randomized trial of virtual reality eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy for major depressive disorder with childhood trauma: A 3-month follow-up study. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. 2025."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1672,
      "instr": "PHQ-9",
      "full": "Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 item version",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Not low risk of bias",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 138,
      "k_es": 158,
      "sd": 5.019,
      "lo": 4.773,
      "hi": 5.277,
      "tau2": 0.0775,
      "tau2w": 0.005,
      "plo": 2.852,
      "phi": 8.833,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abas, 2018",
          "ref": "Abas M, Nyamayaro P, Bere T, et al. Feasibility and acceptability of a task-shifted intervention to enhance adherence to HIV medication and improve depression in people living with HIV in Zimbabwe, a low income country in sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS and Behavior 2018; 22(1): 86-101."
        },
        {
          "study": "Abbas, 2023a",
          "ref": "Abbas, Q., Latif, S., Ayaz Habib, H., Shahzad, S., Sarwar, U., Shahzadi, M., . . . Washdev, W. (2023). Cognitive behavior therapy for diabetes distress, depression, health anxiety, quality of life and treatment adherence among patients with Type-II diabetes mellitus: A randomized control trial. BMC Psychiatry, 23. doi:10.1186/s12888-023-04546-w"
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Martin, 2015",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Mohr, 2013",
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        },
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          "study": "Morgan, 2012",
          "ref": "Morgan, A. J., Jorm, A. F., & Mackinnon, A. J. (2012). Email-based promotion of self-help for subthreshold depression: Mood Memos randomised controlled trial Multicenter Study-Randomized Controlled Trial-Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't. British Journal of Psychiatry, 200(5), 412-418. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.111.101394."
        },
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          "study": "Mueller-Weinitschke, 2023",
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          "ref": "Nakamura, C. A., Seward, N., Peters, T. J., Didone, T. V. N., Moretti, F. A., da Costa, M. O., de Souza, C. H. Q., de Oliveira, G. M., dos Santos, M. S., Pereira, L. A., de Sá Martins, M. M., van de Ven, P., Hollingworth, W., Araya, R., & Scazufca, M. (2023). A self-help fully automated digital intervention to improve subthreshold depressive symptoms among older adults in a socioeconomically deprived region of Brazil (PRODIGITAL): a pragmatic, two-arm randomised controlled trial. In."
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Nassim, 2021",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Newby, 2017",
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        },
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          "study": "Noone, 2022",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "ref": "Sadeh-Sharvit, S., Camp, T. D., Horton, S. E., Hefner, J. D., Berry, J. M., Grossman, E., & Hollon, S. D. (2023). Effects of an artificial intelligence platform for behavioral interventions on depression and anxiety symptoms: randomized clinical trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e46781."
        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Schure, 2019",
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        },
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          "study": "Segal, 2020",
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        },
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          "study": "Serfaty, 2020",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        }
      ]
    },
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      "refs": [
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          "study": "Malouff, 1988",
          "ref": "Malouff JM, Lanyon RI, Schutte NS. Effectiveness of a brief group RET treatment for divorce-related dysphoria. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. 1988;6(3):162-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohr, 2000",
          "ref": "Mohr DC, Likosky W, Bertagnolli A, Goodkin DE, Van Der Wende J, Dwyer P, et al. Telephone-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of depressive symptoms in multiple sclerosis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2000;68(2):356-61."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schmidt, 1983",
          "ref": "Schmidt MM, Miller WR. Amount of therapist contact and outcome in a multidimensional depression treatment program. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1983;67(5):319-32."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "POMS-d",
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      "k_es": 7,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Malouff, 1988",
          "ref": "Malouff JM, Lanyon RI, Schutte NS. Effectiveness of a brief group RET treatment for divorce-related dysphoria. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. 1988;6(3):162-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohr, 2000",
          "ref": "Mohr DC, Likosky W, Bertagnolli A, Goodkin DE, Van Der Wende J, Dwyer P, et al. Telephone-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of depressive symptoms in multiple sclerosis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2000;68(2):356-61."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schmidt, 1983",
          "ref": "Schmidt MM, Miller WR. Amount of therapist contact and outcome in a multidimensional depression treatment program. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1983;67(5):319-32."
        }
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    },
    {
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          "ref": "Foa EB, Rothbaum BO, Riggs DS, et al. Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in rape victims: a comparison between cognitive-behavioral procedures and counseling. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1991 Oct;59(5):715-23. PMID: 1955605."
        },
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          "study": "Foa, 1999",
          "ref": "Foa EB, Dancu CV, Hembree EA, et al. A comparison of exposure therapy, stress inoculation training, and their combination for reducing posttraumatic stress disorder in female assault victims. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1999;67(2):194. PMID: 10224729."
        },
        {
          "study": "Foa, 2005",
          "ref": "Foa EB, Hembree EA, Cahill SP, et al. Randomized trial of prolonged exposure for posttraumatic stress disorder with and without cognitive restructuring: outcome at academic and community clinics. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005;73(5):953. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.5.953. PMID: 16287395."
        },
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          "study": "Foa, 2018",
          "ref": "Foa EB, McLean CP, Zang Y, et al. Effect of prolonged exposure therapy delivered over 2 weeks vs 8 weeks vs present-centered therapy on PTSD symptom severity in military personnel: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2018 Jan 23;319(4):354-64. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.21242. PMID: 29362795."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gray, 2019a",
          "ref": "Gray R, Budden-Potts D, Bourke F. Reconsolidation of traumatic memories for PTSD: a randomized controlled trial of 74 male veterans. Psychother Res. 2019 29(5): 621-639. DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2017.1408973"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rothbaum, 1997",
          "ref": "Rothbaum BO. A controlled study of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disordered sexual assault victims. Bull Menninger Clin. 1997 Summer;61(3):317-34. PMID: 9260344."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tylee, 2017",
          "ref": "Tylee DS, Gray R, Glatt SJ, et al. Evaluation of the reconsolidation of traumatic memories protocol for the treatment of PTSD: a randomized, wait-list-controlled trial. J Mil Veteran Fam Health. 2017;3(1):21-33. doi: 10.3138/jmvfh.4120."
        }
      ]
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        },
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          "ref": "Arch JJ, Eifert GH, Davies C, Plumb Vilardaga JC, Rose RD, Craske MG. Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for mixed anxiety disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012;80(5):750-765. doi:10.1037/a0028310"
        },
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          "ref": "Avdagic E, Morrissey SA, Boschen MJ. A randomised controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behaviour therapy for generalised anxiety disorder. Behav Change. 2014;31(2):110-130. doi:10.1017/bec.2014.5"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Berger, T., Urech, A., Krieger, T., Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Vincent, A., ... & Meyer, B. (2017). Effects of a transdiagnostic unguided Internet intervention (‘velibra’) for anxiety disorders in primary care: results of a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 47(1), 67-80."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
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          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
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          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
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          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2003",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Brillon, P., Savard, P., Turcotte, J., Gaudet, A., Ladouceur, R., . . . Gervais, N. J. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and applied relaxation for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 41(1), 46-58. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2010",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Ladouceur, R., Leger, E., Freeston, M. H., Langlois, F., Provencher, M. D., & Boisvert, J. M. (2003). Group cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: treatment outcome and long-term follow-up. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(4), 821-825. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2022",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Sexton, K. A., Hebert, E. A., Bouchard, S., Gouin, J.-P., & Shafran, R. (2022). Behavioral experiments for intolerance of uncertainty: A randomized clinical trial for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 53(6), 1147-1160. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.05.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2010",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2014",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ladouceur, 2000",
          "ref": "Ladouceur, R., Dugas, M. J., Freeston, M. H., Leger, E., Gagnon, F., & Thibodeau, N. (2000). Efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a controlled clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 68(6), 957-964. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennin, 2018",
          "ref": "Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., O'Toole, M. S., & Heimberg, R. G. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of emotion regulation therapy for generalized anxiety disorder with and without co-occurring depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(3), 268-281. doi:10.1037/ccp0000289"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newman, 2020",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roemer, 2008",
          "ref": "Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Salters-Pedneault, K. (2008). Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 76(6), 1083-1089. doi:10.1037/a0012720"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rogiers, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 1996",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2003",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Robinson, E., & Spence, J. (2010). Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy, 48(9), 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov 2010",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Heiden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2021",
          "ref": "Vera, M., Obén, A., Juarbe, D., Hernández, N., & Pérez-Pedrogo, C. (2021). Randomized pilot trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance-based behavioral therapy in the treatment of Spanish-speaking Latino primary care patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy, 31(2), 91-103. doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2020.11.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2021",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "de Almeida Sampaio, 2020",
          "ref": "de Almeida Sampaio TP, Jorge RC, Martins DS, Gandarela LM, Hayes-Skelton S, Bernik MA, Lotufo-Neto F. Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1179-1193. doi: 10.1002/da.23021. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32333486."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1744,
      "instr": "PSWQ",
      "full": "Penn State Worry Questionnaire",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Three-level CHE model",
      "k": 42,
      "k_es": 61,
      "sd": 9.517,
      "lo": 8.396,
      "hi": 10.787,
      "tau2": 0.1212,
      "tau2w": 0.0344,
      "plo": 4.351,
      "phi": 20.815,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Arch, 2012",
          "ref": "Arch JJ, Eifert GH, Davies C, Plumb Vilardaga JC, Rose RD, Craske MG. Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for mixed anxiety disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012;80(5):750-765. doi:10.1037/a0028310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Avdagic, 2014",
          "ref": "Avdagic E, Morrissey SA, Boschen MJ. A randomised controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behaviour therapy for generalised anxiety disorder. Behav Change. 2014;31(2):110-130. doi:10.1017/bec.2014.5"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2017",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Urech, A., Krieger, T., Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Vincent, A., ... & Meyer, B. (2017). Effects of a transdiagnostic unguided Internet intervention (‘velibra’) for anxiety disorders in primary care: results of a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 47(1), 67-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2003",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Brillon, P., Savard, P., Turcotte, J., Gaudet, A., Ladouceur, R., . . . Gervais, N. J. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and applied relaxation for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 41(1), 46-58. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2010",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Ladouceur, R., Leger, E., Freeston, M. H., Langlois, F., Provencher, M. D., & Boisvert, J. M. (2003). Group cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: treatment outcome and long-term follow-up. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(4), 821-825. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2022",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Sexton, K. A., Hebert, E. A., Bouchard, S., Gouin, J.-P., & Shafran, R. (2022). Behavioral experiments for intolerance of uncertainty: A randomized clinical trial for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 53(6), 1147-1160. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.05.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2010",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2014",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ladouceur, 2000",
          "ref": "Ladouceur, R., Dugas, M. J., Freeston, M. H., Leger, E., Gagnon, F., & Thibodeau, N. (2000). Efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a controlled clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 68(6), 957-964. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennin, 2018",
          "ref": "Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., O'Toole, M. S., & Heimberg, R. G. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of emotion regulation therapy for generalized anxiety disorder with and without co-occurring depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(3), 268-281. doi:10.1037/ccp0000289"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newman, 2020",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roemer, 2008",
          "ref": "Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Salters-Pedneault, K. (2008). Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 76(6), 1083-1089. doi:10.1037/a0012720"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rogiers, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 1996",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2003",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Robinson, E., & Spence, J. (2010). Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy, 48(9), 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov 2010",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Heiden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2021",
          "ref": "Vera, M., Obén, A., Juarbe, D., Hernández, N., & Pérez-Pedrogo, C. (2021). Randomized pilot trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance-based behavioral therapy in the treatment of Spanish-speaking Latino primary care patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy, 31(2), 91-103. doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2020.11.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2021",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "de Almeida Sampaio, 2020",
          "ref": "de Almeida Sampaio TP, Jorge RC, Martins DS, Gandarela LM, Hayes-Skelton S, Bernik MA, Lotufo-Neto F. Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1179-1193. doi: 10.1002/da.23021. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32333486."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1745,
      "instr": "PSWQ",
      "full": "Penn State Worry Questionnaire",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
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      "model": "Fixed-effect",
      "k": 42,
      "k_es": 61,
      "sd": 8.791,
      "lo": 8.564,
      "hi": 9.024,
      "tau2": null,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": null,
      "phi": null,
      "i2": 96.9,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Arch, 2012",
          "ref": "Arch JJ, Eifert GH, Davies C, Plumb Vilardaga JC, Rose RD, Craske MG. Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for mixed anxiety disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012;80(5):750-765. doi:10.1037/a0028310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Avdagic, 2014",
          "ref": "Avdagic E, Morrissey SA, Boschen MJ. A randomised controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behaviour therapy for generalised anxiety disorder. Behav Change. 2014;31(2):110-130. doi:10.1017/bec.2014.5"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2017",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Urech, A., Krieger, T., Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Vincent, A., ... & Meyer, B. (2017). Effects of a transdiagnostic unguided Internet intervention (‘velibra’) for anxiety disorders in primary care: results of a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 47(1), 67-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2003",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Brillon, P., Savard, P., Turcotte, J., Gaudet, A., Ladouceur, R., . . . Gervais, N. J. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and applied relaxation for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 41(1), 46-58. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2010",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Ladouceur, R., Leger, E., Freeston, M. H., Langlois, F., Provencher, M. D., & Boisvert, J. M. (2003). Group cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: treatment outcome and long-term follow-up. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(4), 821-825. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2022",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Sexton, K. A., Hebert, E. A., Bouchard, S., Gouin, J.-P., & Shafran, R. (2022). Behavioral experiments for intolerance of uncertainty: A randomized clinical trial for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 53(6), 1147-1160. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.05.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2010",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2014",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ladouceur, 2000",
          "ref": "Ladouceur, R., Dugas, M. J., Freeston, M. H., Leger, E., Gagnon, F., & Thibodeau, N. (2000). Efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a controlled clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 68(6), 957-964. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennin, 2018",
          "ref": "Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., O'Toole, M. S., & Heimberg, R. G. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of emotion regulation therapy for generalized anxiety disorder with and without co-occurring depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(3), 268-281. doi:10.1037/ccp0000289"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newman, 2020",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roemer, 2008",
          "ref": "Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Salters-Pedneault, K. (2008). Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 76(6), 1083-1089. doi:10.1037/a0012720"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rogiers, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 1996",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2003",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Robinson, E., & Spence, J. (2010). Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy, 48(9), 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov 2010",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Heiden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2021",
          "ref": "Vera, M., Obén, A., Juarbe, D., Hernández, N., & Pérez-Pedrogo, C. (2021). Randomized pilot trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance-based behavioral therapy in the treatment of Spanish-speaking Latino primary care patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy, 31(2), 91-103. doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2020.11.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2021",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "de Almeida Sampaio, 2020",
          "ref": "de Almeida Sampaio TP, Jorge RC, Martins DS, Gandarela LM, Hayes-Skelton S, Bernik MA, Lotufo-Neto F. Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1179-1193. doi: 10.1002/da.23021. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32333486."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1746,
      "instr": "PSWQ",
      "full": "Penn State Worry Questionnaire",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Outliers removed (sensitivity)",
      "k": 35,
      "k_es": 44,
      "sd": 9.745,
      "lo": 9.356,
      "hi": 10.149,
      "tau2": 0.0054,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 8.389,
      "phi": 11.319,
      "i2": 39.8,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Arch, 2012",
          "ref": "Arch JJ, Eifert GH, Davies C, Plumb Vilardaga JC, Rose RD, Craske MG. Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for mixed anxiety disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012;80(5):750-765. doi:10.1037/a0028310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Avdagic, 2014",
          "ref": "Avdagic E, Morrissey SA, Boschen MJ. A randomised controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behaviour therapy for generalised anxiety disorder. Behav Change. 2014;31(2):110-130. doi:10.1017/bec.2014.5"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2003",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Brillon, P., Savard, P., Turcotte, J., Gaudet, A., Ladouceur, R., . . . Gervais, N. J. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and applied relaxation for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 41(1), 46-58. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2010",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Ladouceur, R., Leger, E., Freeston, M. H., Langlois, F., Provencher, M. D., & Boisvert, J. M. (2003). Group cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: treatment outcome and long-term follow-up. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(4), 821-825. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2022",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Sexton, K. A., Hebert, E. A., Bouchard, S., Gouin, J.-P., & Shafran, R. (2022). Behavioral experiments for intolerance of uncertainty: A randomized clinical trial for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 53(6), 1147-1160. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.05.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2014",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ladouceur, 2000",
          "ref": "Ladouceur, R., Dugas, M. J., Freeston, M. H., Leger, E., Gagnon, F., & Thibodeau, N. (2000). Efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a controlled clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 68(6), 957-964. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennin, 2018",
          "ref": "Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., O'Toole, M. S., & Heimberg, R. G. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of emotion regulation therapy for generalized anxiety disorder with and without co-occurring depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(3), 268-281. doi:10.1037/ccp0000289"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newman, 2020",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roemer, 2008",
          "ref": "Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Salters-Pedneault, K. (2008). Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 76(6), 1083-1089. doi:10.1037/a0012720"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rogiers, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 1996",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2003",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Robinson, E., & Spence, J. (2010). Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy, 48(9), 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov 2010",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2021",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "de Almeida Sampaio, 2020",
          "ref": "de Almeida Sampaio TP, Jorge RC, Martins DS, Gandarela LM, Hayes-Skelton S, Bernik MA, Lotufo-Neto F. Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1179-1193. doi: 10.1002/da.23021. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32333486."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1747,
      "instr": "PSWQ",
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      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
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      "model": "Influence analysis (sensitivity)",
      "k": 40,
      "k_es": 57,
      "sd": 10.255,
      "lo": 9.715,
      "hi": 10.825,
      "tau2": 0.0197,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 7.745,
      "phi": 13.578,
      "i2": 71.1,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Arch, 2012",
          "ref": "Arch JJ, Eifert GH, Davies C, Plumb Vilardaga JC, Rose RD, Craske MG. Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for mixed anxiety disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012;80(5):750-765. doi:10.1037/a0028310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Avdagic, 2014",
          "ref": "Avdagic E, Morrissey SA, Boschen MJ. A randomised controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behaviour therapy for generalised anxiety disorder. Behav Change. 2014;31(2):110-130. doi:10.1017/bec.2014.5"
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2003",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Brillon, P., Savard, P., Turcotte, J., Gaudet, A., Ladouceur, R., . . . Gervais, N. J. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and applied relaxation for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 41(1), 46-58. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2010",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Ladouceur, R., Leger, E., Freeston, M. H., Langlois, F., Provencher, M. D., & Boisvert, J. M. (2003). Group cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: treatment outcome and long-term follow-up. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(4), 821-825. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2022",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Sexton, K. A., Hebert, E. A., Bouchard, S., Gouin, J.-P., & Shafran, R. (2022). Behavioral experiments for intolerance of uncertainty: A randomized clinical trial for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 53(6), 1147-1160. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.05.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2010",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2014",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ladouceur, 2000",
          "ref": "Ladouceur, R., Dugas, M. J., Freeston, M. H., Leger, E., Gagnon, F., & Thibodeau, N. (2000). Efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a controlled clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 68(6), 957-964. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennin, 2018",
          "ref": "Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., O'Toole, M. S., & Heimberg, R. G. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of emotion regulation therapy for generalized anxiety disorder with and without co-occurring depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(3), 268-281. doi:10.1037/ccp0000289"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newman, 2020",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roemer, 2008",
          "ref": "Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Salters-Pedneault, K. (2008). Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 76(6), 1083-1089. doi:10.1037/a0012720"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rogiers, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 1996",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2003",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Robinson, E., & Spence, J. (2010). Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy, 48(9), 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov 2010",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Heiden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2021",
          "ref": "Vera, M., Obén, A., Juarbe, D., Hernández, N., & Pérez-Pedrogo, C. (2021). Randomized pilot trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance-based behavioral therapy in the treatment of Spanish-speaking Latino primary care patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy, 31(2), 91-103. doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2020.11.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2021",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "de Almeida Sampaio, 2020",
          "ref": "de Almeida Sampaio TP, Jorge RC, Martins DS, Gandarela LM, Hayes-Skelton S, Bernik MA, Lotufo-Neto F. Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1179-1193. doi: 10.1002/da.23021. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32333486."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1748,
      "instr": "PSWQ",
      "full": "Penn State Worry Questionnaire",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Age group",
      "sgv": "Adults",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 35,
      "k_es": 51,
      "sd": 9.497,
      "lo": 8.259,
      "hi": 10.921,
      "tau2": 0.1649,
      "tau2w": null,
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      "phi": 21.309,
      "i2": 95.4,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Arch, 2012",
          "ref": "Arch JJ, Eifert GH, Davies C, Plumb Vilardaga JC, Rose RD, Craske MG. Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for mixed anxiety disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012;80(5):750-765. doi:10.1037/a0028310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Avdagic, 2014",
          "ref": "Avdagic E, Morrissey SA, Boschen MJ. A randomised controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behaviour therapy for generalised anxiety disorder. Behav Change. 2014;31(2):110-130. doi:10.1017/bec.2014.5"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2017",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Urech, A., Krieger, T., Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Vincent, A., ... & Meyer, B. (2017). Effects of a transdiagnostic unguided Internet intervention (‘velibra’) for anxiety disorders in primary care: results of a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 47(1), 67-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2003",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Brillon, P., Savard, P., Turcotte, J., Gaudet, A., Ladouceur, R., . . . Gervais, N. J. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and applied relaxation for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 41(1), 46-58. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2010",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Ladouceur, R., Leger, E., Freeston, M. H., Langlois, F., Provencher, M. D., & Boisvert, J. M. (2003). Group cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: treatment outcome and long-term follow-up. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(4), 821-825. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2022",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Sexton, K. A., Hebert, E. A., Bouchard, S., Gouin, J.-P., & Shafran, R. (2022). Behavioral experiments for intolerance of uncertainty: A randomized clinical trial for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 53(6), 1147-1160. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.05.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2010",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2014",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ladouceur, 2000",
          "ref": "Ladouceur, R., Dugas, M. J., Freeston, M. H., Leger, E., Gagnon, F., & Thibodeau, N. (2000). Efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a controlled clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 68(6), 957-964. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennin, 2018",
          "ref": "Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., O'Toole, M. S., & Heimberg, R. G. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of emotion regulation therapy for generalized anxiety disorder with and without co-occurring depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(3), 268-281. doi:10.1037/ccp0000289"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roemer, 2008",
          "ref": "Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Salters-Pedneault, K. (2008). Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 76(6), 1083-1089. doi:10.1037/a0012720"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rogiers, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov 2010",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Heiden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2021",
          "ref": "Vera, M., Obén, A., Juarbe, D., Hernández, N., & Pérez-Pedrogo, C. (2021). Randomized pilot trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance-based behavioral therapy in the treatment of Spanish-speaking Latino primary care patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy, 31(2), 91-103. doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2020.11.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2021",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "de Almeida Sampaio, 2020",
          "ref": "de Almeida Sampaio TP, Jorge RC, Martins DS, Gandarela LM, Hayes-Skelton S, Bernik MA, Lotufo-Neto F. Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1179-1193. doi: 10.1002/da.23021. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32333486."
        }
      ]
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Arch, 2012",
          "ref": "Arch JJ, Eifert GH, Davies C, Plumb Vilardaga JC, Rose RD, Craske MG. Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for mixed anxiety disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012;80(5):750-765. doi:10.1037/a0028310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Avdagic, 2014",
          "ref": "Avdagic E, Morrissey SA, Boschen MJ. A randomised controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behaviour therapy for generalised anxiety disorder. Behav Change. 2014;31(2):110-130. doi:10.1017/bec.2014.5"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2017",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Urech, A., Krieger, T., Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Vincent, A., ... & Meyer, B. (2017). Effects of a transdiagnostic unguided Internet intervention (‘velibra’) for anxiety disorders in primary care: results of a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 47(1), 67-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2003",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Brillon, P., Savard, P., Turcotte, J., Gaudet, A., Ladouceur, R., . . . Gervais, N. J. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and applied relaxation for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 41(1), 46-58. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2010",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Ladouceur, R., Leger, E., Freeston, M. H., Langlois, F., Provencher, M. D., & Boisvert, J. M. (2003). Group cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: treatment outcome and long-term follow-up. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(4), 821-825. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2022",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Sexton, K. A., Hebert, E. A., Bouchard, S., Gouin, J.-P., & Shafran, R. (2022). Behavioral experiments for intolerance of uncertainty: A randomized clinical trial for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 53(6), 1147-1160. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.05.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2010",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2014",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ladouceur, 2000",
          "ref": "Ladouceur, R., Dugas, M. J., Freeston, M. H., Leger, E., Gagnon, F., & Thibodeau, N. (2000). Efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a controlled clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 68(6), 957-964. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennin, 2018",
          "ref": "Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., O'Toole, M. S., & Heimberg, R. G. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of emotion regulation therapy for generalized anxiety disorder with and without co-occurring depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(3), 268-281. doi:10.1037/ccp0000289"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newman, 2020",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roemer, 2008",
          "ref": "Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Salters-Pedneault, K. (2008). Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 76(6), 1083-1089. doi:10.1037/a0012720"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rogiers, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 1996",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2003",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Robinson, E., & Spence, J. (2010). Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy, 48(9), 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov 2010",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Heiden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2021",
          "ref": "Vera, M., Obén, A., Juarbe, D., Hernández, N., & Pérez-Pedrogo, C. (2021). Randomized pilot trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance-based behavioral therapy in the treatment of Spanish-speaking Latino primary care patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy, 31(2), 91-103. doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2020.11.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2021",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "de Almeida Sampaio, 2020",
          "ref": "de Almeida Sampaio TP, Jorge RC, Martins DS, Gandarela LM, Hayes-Skelton S, Bernik MA, Lotufo-Neto F. Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1179-1193. doi: 10.1002/da.23021. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32333486."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 1996",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2003",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Robinson, E., & Spence, J. (2010). Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy, 48(9), 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
        }
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    },
    {
      "id": 1751,
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      "sg": "Age group",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Arch, 2012",
          "ref": "Arch JJ, Eifert GH, Davies C, Plumb Vilardaga JC, Rose RD, Craske MG. Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for mixed anxiety disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012;80(5):750-765. doi:10.1037/a0028310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Avdagic, 2014",
          "ref": "Avdagic E, Morrissey SA, Boschen MJ. A randomised controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behaviour therapy for generalised anxiety disorder. Behav Change. 2014;31(2):110-130. doi:10.1017/bec.2014.5"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2017",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Urech, A., Krieger, T., Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Vincent, A., ... & Meyer, B. (2017). Effects of a transdiagnostic unguided Internet intervention (‘velibra’) for anxiety disorders in primary care: results of a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 47(1), 67-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2003",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Brillon, P., Savard, P., Turcotte, J., Gaudet, A., Ladouceur, R., . . . Gervais, N. J. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and applied relaxation for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 41(1), 46-58. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2010",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Ladouceur, R., Leger, E., Freeston, M. H., Langlois, F., Provencher, M. D., & Boisvert, J. M. (2003). Group cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: treatment outcome and long-term follow-up. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(4), 821-825. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2022",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Sexton, K. A., Hebert, E. A., Bouchard, S., Gouin, J.-P., & Shafran, R. (2022). Behavioral experiments for intolerance of uncertainty: A randomized clinical trial for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 53(6), 1147-1160. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.05.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2010",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2014",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ladouceur, 2000",
          "ref": "Ladouceur, R., Dugas, M. J., Freeston, M. H., Leger, E., Gagnon, F., & Thibodeau, N. (2000). Efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a controlled clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 68(6), 957-964. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennin, 2018",
          "ref": "Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., O'Toole, M. S., & Heimberg, R. G. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of emotion regulation therapy for generalized anxiety disorder with and without co-occurring depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(3), 268-281. doi:10.1037/ccp0000289"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newman, 2020",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roemer, 2008",
          "ref": "Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Salters-Pedneault, K. (2008). Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 76(6), 1083-1089. doi:10.1037/a0012720"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rogiers, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 1996",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2003",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Robinson, E., & Spence, J. (2010). Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy, 48(9), 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov 2010",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Heiden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2021",
          "ref": "Vera, M., Obén, A., Juarbe, D., Hernández, N., & Pérez-Pedrogo, C. (2021). Randomized pilot trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance-based behavioral therapy in the treatment of Spanish-speaking Latino primary care patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy, 31(2), 91-103. doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2020.11.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2021",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "de Almeida Sampaio, 2020",
          "ref": "de Almeida Sampaio TP, Jorge RC, Martins DS, Gandarela LM, Hayes-Skelton S, Bernik MA, Lotufo-Neto F. Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1179-1193. doi: 10.1002/da.23021. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32333486."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1752,
      "instr": "PSWQ",
      "full": "Penn State Worry Questionnaire",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Comorbidity",
      "sgv": "No comorbidity",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 40,
      "k_es": 58,
      "sd": 9.484,
      "lo": 8.383,
      "hi": 10.73,
      "tau2": 0.1465,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 4.434,
      "phi": 20.286,
      "i2": 95,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Arch, 2012",
          "ref": "Arch JJ, Eifert GH, Davies C, Plumb Vilardaga JC, Rose RD, Craske MG. Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for mixed anxiety disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012;80(5):750-765. doi:10.1037/a0028310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Avdagic, 2014",
          "ref": "Avdagic E, Morrissey SA, Boschen MJ. A randomised controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behaviour therapy for generalised anxiety disorder. Behav Change. 2014;31(2):110-130. doi:10.1017/bec.2014.5"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2017",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Urech, A., Krieger, T., Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Vincent, A., ... & Meyer, B. (2017). Effects of a transdiagnostic unguided Internet intervention (‘velibra’) for anxiety disorders in primary care: results of a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 47(1), 67-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2003",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Brillon, P., Savard, P., Turcotte, J., Gaudet, A., Ladouceur, R., . . . Gervais, N. J. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and applied relaxation for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 41(1), 46-58. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2010",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Ladouceur, R., Leger, E., Freeston, M. H., Langlois, F., Provencher, M. D., & Boisvert, J. M. (2003). Group cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: treatment outcome and long-term follow-up. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(4), 821-825. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2022",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Sexton, K. A., Hebert, E. A., Bouchard, S., Gouin, J.-P., & Shafran, R. (2022). Behavioral experiments for intolerance of uncertainty: A randomized clinical trial for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 53(6), 1147-1160. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.05.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2010",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2014",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ladouceur, 2000",
          "ref": "Ladouceur, R., Dugas, M. J., Freeston, M. H., Leger, E., Gagnon, F., & Thibodeau, N. (2000). Efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a controlled clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 68(6), 957-964. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newman, 2020",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roemer, 2008",
          "ref": "Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Salters-Pedneault, K. (2008). Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 76(6), 1083-1089. doi:10.1037/a0012720"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 1996",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2003",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Robinson, E., & Spence, J. (2010). Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy, 48(9), 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov 2010",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Heiden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2021",
          "ref": "Vera, M., Obén, A., Juarbe, D., Hernández, N., & Pérez-Pedrogo, C. (2021). Randomized pilot trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance-based behavioral therapy in the treatment of Spanish-speaking Latino primary care patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy, 31(2), 91-103. doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2020.11.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2021",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "de Almeida Sampaio, 2020",
          "ref": "de Almeida Sampaio TP, Jorge RC, Martins DS, Gandarela LM, Hayes-Skelton S, Bernik MA, Lotufo-Neto F. Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1179-1193. doi: 10.1002/da.23021. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32333486."
        }
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Arch, 2012",
          "ref": "Arch JJ, Eifert GH, Davies C, Plumb Vilardaga JC, Rose RD, Craske MG. Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for mixed anxiety disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012;80(5):750-765. doi:10.1037/a0028310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Avdagic, 2014",
          "ref": "Avdagic E, Morrissey SA, Boschen MJ. A randomised controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behaviour therapy for generalised anxiety disorder. Behav Change. 2014;31(2):110-130. doi:10.1017/bec.2014.5"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2017",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Urech, A., Krieger, T., Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Vincent, A., ... & Meyer, B. (2017). Effects of a transdiagnostic unguided Internet intervention (‘velibra’) for anxiety disorders in primary care: results of a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 47(1), 67-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2003",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Brillon, P., Savard, P., Turcotte, J., Gaudet, A., Ladouceur, R., . . . Gervais, N. J. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and applied relaxation for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 41(1), 46-58. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2010",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Ladouceur, R., Leger, E., Freeston, M. H., Langlois, F., Provencher, M. D., & Boisvert, J. M. (2003). Group cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: treatment outcome and long-term follow-up. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(4), 821-825. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2022",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Sexton, K. A., Hebert, E. A., Bouchard, S., Gouin, J.-P., & Shafran, R. (2022). Behavioral experiments for intolerance of uncertainty: A randomized clinical trial for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 53(6), 1147-1160. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.05.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2010",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2014",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ladouceur, 2000",
          "ref": "Ladouceur, R., Dugas, M. J., Freeston, M. H., Leger, E., Gagnon, F., & Thibodeau, N. (2000). Efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a controlled clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 68(6), 957-964. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennin, 2018",
          "ref": "Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., O'Toole, M. S., & Heimberg, R. G. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of emotion regulation therapy for generalized anxiety disorder with and without co-occurring depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(3), 268-281. doi:10.1037/ccp0000289"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newman, 2020",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roemer, 2008",
          "ref": "Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Salters-Pedneault, K. (2008). Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 76(6), 1083-1089. doi:10.1037/a0012720"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rogiers, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 1996",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2003",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Robinson, E., & Spence, J. (2010). Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy, 48(9), 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov 2010",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Heiden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2021",
          "ref": "Vera, M., Obén, A., Juarbe, D., Hernández, N., & Pérez-Pedrogo, C. (2021). Randomized pilot trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance-based behavioral therapy in the treatment of Spanish-speaking Latino primary care patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy, 31(2), 91-103. doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2020.11.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2021",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "de Almeida Sampaio, 2020",
          "ref": "de Almeida Sampaio TP, Jorge RC, Martins DS, Gandarela LM, Hayes-Skelton S, Bernik MA, Lotufo-Neto F. Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1179-1193. doi: 10.1002/da.23021. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32333486."
        }
      ]
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        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Robinson, E., & Spence, J. (2010). Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy, 48(9), 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2021",
          "ref": "Vera, M., Obén, A., Juarbe, D., Hernández, N., & Pérez-Pedrogo, C. (2021). Randomized pilot trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance-based behavioral therapy in the treatment of Spanish-speaking Latino primary care patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy, 31(2), 91-103. doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2020.11.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
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    {
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        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Arch, 2012",
          "ref": "Arch JJ, Eifert GH, Davies C, Plumb Vilardaga JC, Rose RD, Craske MG. Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for mixed anxiety disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012;80(5):750-765. doi:10.1037/a0028310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Avdagic, 2014",
          "ref": "Avdagic E, Morrissey SA, Boschen MJ. A randomised controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behaviour therapy for generalised anxiety disorder. Behav Change. 2014;31(2):110-130. doi:10.1017/bec.2014.5"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2017",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Urech, A., Krieger, T., Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Vincent, A., ... & Meyer, B. (2017). Effects of a transdiagnostic unguided Internet intervention (‘velibra’) for anxiety disorders in primary care: results of a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 47(1), 67-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2003",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Brillon, P., Savard, P., Turcotte, J., Gaudet, A., Ladouceur, R., . . . Gervais, N. J. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and applied relaxation for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 41(1), 46-58. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2010",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Ladouceur, R., Leger, E., Freeston, M. H., Langlois, F., Provencher, M. D., & Boisvert, J. M. (2003). Group cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: treatment outcome and long-term follow-up. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(4), 821-825. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2022",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Sexton, K. A., Hebert, E. A., Bouchard, S., Gouin, J.-P., & Shafran, R. (2022). Behavioral experiments for intolerance of uncertainty: A randomized clinical trial for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 53(6), 1147-1160. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.05.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2010",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2014",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ladouceur, 2000",
          "ref": "Ladouceur, R., Dugas, M. J., Freeston, M. H., Leger, E., Gagnon, F., & Thibodeau, N. (2000). Efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a controlled clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 68(6), 957-964. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennin, 2018",
          "ref": "Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., O'Toole, M. S., & Heimberg, R. G. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of emotion regulation therapy for generalized anxiety disorder with and without co-occurring depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(3), 268-281. doi:10.1037/ccp0000289"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newman, 2020",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roemer, 2008",
          "ref": "Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Salters-Pedneault, K. (2008). Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 76(6), 1083-1089. doi:10.1037/a0012720"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rogiers, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 1996",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2003",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Robinson, E., & Spence, J. (2010). Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy, 48(9), 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov 2010",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Heiden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2021",
          "ref": "Vera, M., Obén, A., Juarbe, D., Hernández, N., & Pérez-Pedrogo, C. (2021). Randomized pilot trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance-based behavioral therapy in the treatment of Spanish-speaking Latino primary care patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy, 31(2), 91-103. doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2020.11.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2021",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "de Almeida Sampaio, 2020",
          "ref": "de Almeida Sampaio TP, Jorge RC, Martins DS, Gandarela LM, Hayes-Skelton S, Bernik MA, Lotufo-Neto F. Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1179-1193. doi: 10.1002/da.23021. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32333486."
        }
      ]
    },
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Arch, 2012",
          "ref": "Arch JJ, Eifert GH, Davies C, Plumb Vilardaga JC, Rose RD, Craske MG. Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for mixed anxiety disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012;80(5):750-765. doi:10.1037/a0028310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Avdagic, 2014",
          "ref": "Avdagic E, Morrissey SA, Boschen MJ. A randomised controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behaviour therapy for generalised anxiety disorder. Behav Change. 2014;31(2):110-130. doi:10.1017/bec.2014.5"
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2010",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Ladouceur, R., Leger, E., Freeston, M. H., Langlois, F., Provencher, M. D., & Boisvert, J. M. (2003). Group cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: treatment outcome and long-term follow-up. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(4), 821-825. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2010",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2014",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newman, 2020",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 1996",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Heiden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2021",
          "ref": "Vera, M., Obén, A., Juarbe, D., Hernández, N., & Pérez-Pedrogo, C. (2021). Randomized pilot trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance-based behavioral therapy in the treatment of Spanish-speaking Latino primary care patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy, 31(2), 91-103. doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2020.11.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2021",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "de Almeida Sampaio, 2020",
          "ref": "de Almeida Sampaio TP, Jorge RC, Martins DS, Gandarela LM, Hayes-Skelton S, Bernik MA, Lotufo-Neto F. Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1179-1193. doi: 10.1002/da.23021. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32333486."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Arch, 2012",
          "ref": "Arch JJ, Eifert GH, Davies C, Plumb Vilardaga JC, Rose RD, Craske MG. Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for mixed anxiety disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012;80(5):750-765. doi:10.1037/a0028310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Avdagic, 2014",
          "ref": "Avdagic E, Morrissey SA, Boschen MJ. A randomised controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behaviour therapy for generalised anxiety disorder. Behav Change. 2014;31(2):110-130. doi:10.1017/bec.2014.5"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2017",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Urech, A., Krieger, T., Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Vincent, A., ... & Meyer, B. (2017). Effects of a transdiagnostic unguided Internet intervention (‘velibra’) for anxiety disorders in primary care: results of a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 47(1), 67-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2003",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Brillon, P., Savard, P., Turcotte, J., Gaudet, A., Ladouceur, R., . . . Gervais, N. J. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and applied relaxation for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 41(1), 46-58. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2010",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Ladouceur, R., Leger, E., Freeston, M. H., Langlois, F., Provencher, M. D., & Boisvert, J. M. (2003). Group cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: treatment outcome and long-term follow-up. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(4), 821-825. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2022",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Sexton, K. A., Hebert, E. A., Bouchard, S., Gouin, J.-P., & Shafran, R. (2022). Behavioral experiments for intolerance of uncertainty: A randomized clinical trial for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 53(6), 1147-1160. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.05.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2010",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2014",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ladouceur, 2000",
          "ref": "Ladouceur, R., Dugas, M. J., Freeston, M. H., Leger, E., Gagnon, F., & Thibodeau, N. (2000). Efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a controlled clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 68(6), 957-964. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennin, 2018",
          "ref": "Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., O'Toole, M. S., & Heimberg, R. G. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of emotion regulation therapy for generalized anxiety disorder with and without co-occurring depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(3), 268-281. doi:10.1037/ccp0000289"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newman, 2020",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roemer, 2008",
          "ref": "Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Salters-Pedneault, K. (2008). Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 76(6), 1083-1089. doi:10.1037/a0012720"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rogiers, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 1996",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2003",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Robinson, E., & Spence, J. (2010). Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy, 48(9), 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov 2010",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Heiden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2021",
          "ref": "Vera, M., Obén, A., Juarbe, D., Hernández, N., & Pérez-Pedrogo, C. (2021). Randomized pilot trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance-based behavioral therapy in the treatment of Spanish-speaking Latino primary care patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy, 31(2), 91-103. doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2020.11.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2021",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "de Almeida Sampaio, 2020",
          "ref": "de Almeida Sampaio TP, Jorge RC, Martins DS, Gandarela LM, Hayes-Skelton S, Bernik MA, Lotufo-Neto F. Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1179-1193. doi: 10.1002/da.23021. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32333486."
        }
      ]
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        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2017",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Urech, A., Krieger, T., Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Vincent, A., ... & Meyer, B. (2017). Effects of a transdiagnostic unguided Internet intervention (‘velibra’) for anxiety disorders in primary care: results of a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 47(1), 67-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2003",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Brillon, P., Savard, P., Turcotte, J., Gaudet, A., Ladouceur, R., . . . Gervais, N. J. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and applied relaxation for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 41(1), 46-58. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2010",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Ladouceur, R., Leger, E., Freeston, M. H., Langlois, F., Provencher, M. D., & Boisvert, J. M. (2003). Group cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: treatment outcome and long-term follow-up. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(4), 821-825. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2022",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Sexton, K. A., Hebert, E. A., Bouchard, S., Gouin, J.-P., & Shafran, R. (2022). Behavioral experiments for intolerance of uncertainty: A randomized clinical trial for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 53(6), 1147-1160. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.05.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ladouceur, 2000",
          "ref": "Ladouceur, R., Dugas, M. J., Freeston, M. H., Leger, E., Gagnon, F., & Thibodeau, N. (2000). Efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a controlled clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 68(6), 957-964. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennin, 2018",
          "ref": "Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., O'Toole, M. S., & Heimberg, R. G. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of emotion regulation therapy for generalized anxiety disorder with and without co-occurring depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(3), 268-281. doi:10.1037/ccp0000289"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roemer, 2008",
          "ref": "Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Salters-Pedneault, K. (2008). Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 76(6), 1083-1089. doi:10.1037/a0012720"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rogiers, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2003",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov 2010",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Heiden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Arch, 2012",
          "ref": "Arch JJ, Eifert GH, Davies C, Plumb Vilardaga JC, Rose RD, Craske MG. Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for mixed anxiety disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012;80(5):750-765. doi:10.1037/a0028310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Avdagic, 2014",
          "ref": "Avdagic E, Morrissey SA, Boschen MJ. A randomised controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behaviour therapy for generalised anxiety disorder. Behav Change. 2014;31(2):110-130. doi:10.1017/bec.2014.5"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2017",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Urech, A., Krieger, T., Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Vincent, A., ... & Meyer, B. (2017). Effects of a transdiagnostic unguided Internet intervention (‘velibra’) for anxiety disorders in primary care: results of a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 47(1), 67-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2003",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Brillon, P., Savard, P., Turcotte, J., Gaudet, A., Ladouceur, R., . . . Gervais, N. J. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and applied relaxation for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 41(1), 46-58. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2010",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Ladouceur, R., Leger, E., Freeston, M. H., Langlois, F., Provencher, M. D., & Boisvert, J. M. (2003). Group cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: treatment outcome and long-term follow-up. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(4), 821-825. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2022",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Sexton, K. A., Hebert, E. A., Bouchard, S., Gouin, J.-P., & Shafran, R. (2022). Behavioral experiments for intolerance of uncertainty: A randomized clinical trial for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 53(6), 1147-1160. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.05.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2010",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2014",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ladouceur, 2000",
          "ref": "Ladouceur, R., Dugas, M. J., Freeston, M. H., Leger, E., Gagnon, F., & Thibodeau, N. (2000). Efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a controlled clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 68(6), 957-964. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennin, 2018",
          "ref": "Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., O'Toole, M. S., & Heimberg, R. G. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of emotion regulation therapy for generalized anxiety disorder with and without co-occurring depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(3), 268-281. doi:10.1037/ccp0000289"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newman, 2020",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roemer, 2008",
          "ref": "Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Salters-Pedneault, K. (2008). Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 76(6), 1083-1089. doi:10.1037/a0012720"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rogiers, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 1996",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2003",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Robinson, E., & Spence, J. (2010). Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy, 48(9), 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov 2010",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Heiden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2021",
          "ref": "Vera, M., Obén, A., Juarbe, D., Hernández, N., & Pérez-Pedrogo, C. (2021). Randomized pilot trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance-based behavioral therapy in the treatment of Spanish-speaking Latino primary care patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy, 31(2), 91-103. doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2020.11.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2021",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "de Almeida Sampaio, 2020",
          "ref": "de Almeida Sampaio TP, Jorge RC, Martins DS, Gandarela LM, Hayes-Skelton S, Bernik MA, Lotufo-Neto F. Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1179-1193. doi: 10.1002/da.23021. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32333486."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1760,
      "instr": "PSWQ",
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      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "Europe",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
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      "lo": 6.58,
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      "tau2": 0.226,
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      "phi": 22.899,
      "i2": 97.4,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2017",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Urech, A., Krieger, T., Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Vincent, A., ... & Meyer, B. (2017). Effects of a transdiagnostic unguided Internet intervention (‘velibra’) for anxiety disorders in primary care: results of a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 47(1), 67-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rogiers, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Heiden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1761,
      "instr": "PSWQ",
      "full": "Penn State Worry Questionnaire",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "Europe",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 42,
      "k_es": 61,
      "sd": 9.517,
      "lo": 8.396,
      "hi": 10.787,
      "tau2": 0.1212,
      "tau2w": 0.0344,
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      "phi": 20.815,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Arch, 2012",
          "ref": "Arch JJ, Eifert GH, Davies C, Plumb Vilardaga JC, Rose RD, Craske MG. Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for mixed anxiety disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012;80(5):750-765. doi:10.1037/a0028310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Avdagic, 2014",
          "ref": "Avdagic E, Morrissey SA, Boschen MJ. A randomised controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behaviour therapy for generalised anxiety disorder. Behav Change. 2014;31(2):110-130. doi:10.1017/bec.2014.5"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2017",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Urech, A., Krieger, T., Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Vincent, A., ... & Meyer, B. (2017). Effects of a transdiagnostic unguided Internet intervention (‘velibra’) for anxiety disorders in primary care: results of a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 47(1), 67-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2003",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Brillon, P., Savard, P., Turcotte, J., Gaudet, A., Ladouceur, R., . . . Gervais, N. J. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and applied relaxation for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 41(1), 46-58. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2010",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Ladouceur, R., Leger, E., Freeston, M. H., Langlois, F., Provencher, M. D., & Boisvert, J. M. (2003). Group cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: treatment outcome and long-term follow-up. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(4), 821-825. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2022",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Sexton, K. A., Hebert, E. A., Bouchard, S., Gouin, J.-P., & Shafran, R. (2022). Behavioral experiments for intolerance of uncertainty: A randomized clinical trial for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 53(6), 1147-1160. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.05.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2010",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2014",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ladouceur, 2000",
          "ref": "Ladouceur, R., Dugas, M. J., Freeston, M. H., Leger, E., Gagnon, F., & Thibodeau, N. (2000). Efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a controlled clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 68(6), 957-964. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennin, 2018",
          "ref": "Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., O'Toole, M. S., & Heimberg, R. G. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of emotion regulation therapy for generalized anxiety disorder with and without co-occurring depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(3), 268-281. doi:10.1037/ccp0000289"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newman, 2020",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roemer, 2008",
          "ref": "Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Salters-Pedneault, K. (2008). Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 76(6), 1083-1089. doi:10.1037/a0012720"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rogiers, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 1996",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2003",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Robinson, E., & Spence, J. (2010). Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy, 48(9), 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov 2010",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Heiden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2021",
          "ref": "Vera, M., Obén, A., Juarbe, D., Hernández, N., & Pérez-Pedrogo, C. (2021). Randomized pilot trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance-based behavioral therapy in the treatment of Spanish-speaking Latino primary care patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy, 31(2), 91-103. doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2020.11.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2021",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "de Almeida Sampaio, 2020",
          "ref": "de Almeida Sampaio TP, Jorge RC, Martins DS, Gandarela LM, Hayes-Skelton S, Bernik MA, Lotufo-Neto F. Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1179-1193. doi: 10.1002/da.23021. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32333486."
        }
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        {
          "study": "Arch, 2012",
          "ref": "Arch JJ, Eifert GH, Davies C, Plumb Vilardaga JC, Rose RD, Craske MG. Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for mixed anxiety disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012;80(5):750-765. doi:10.1037/a0028310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2003",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Brillon, P., Savard, P., Turcotte, J., Gaudet, A., Ladouceur, R., . . . Gervais, N. J. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and applied relaxation for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 41(1), 46-58. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2010",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Ladouceur, R., Leger, E., Freeston, M. H., Langlois, F., Provencher, M. D., & Boisvert, J. M. (2003). Group cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: treatment outcome and long-term follow-up. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(4), 821-825. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2022",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Sexton, K. A., Hebert, E. A., Bouchard, S., Gouin, J.-P., & Shafran, R. (2022). Behavioral experiments for intolerance of uncertainty: A randomized clinical trial for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 53(6), 1147-1160. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.05.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2010",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2014",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ladouceur, 2000",
          "ref": "Ladouceur, R., Dugas, M. J., Freeston, M. H., Leger, E., Gagnon, F., & Thibodeau, N. (2000). Efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a controlled clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 68(6), 957-964. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennin, 2018",
          "ref": "Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., O'Toole, M. S., & Heimberg, R. G. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of emotion regulation therapy for generalized anxiety disorder with and without co-occurring depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(3), 268-281. doi:10.1037/ccp0000289"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newman, 2020",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roemer, 2008",
          "ref": "Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Salters-Pedneault, K. (2008). Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 76(6), 1083-1089. doi:10.1037/a0012720"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2003",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Robinson, E., & Spence, J. (2010). Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy, 48(9), 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Arch, 2012",
          "ref": "Arch JJ, Eifert GH, Davies C, Plumb Vilardaga JC, Rose RD, Craske MG. Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for mixed anxiety disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012;80(5):750-765. doi:10.1037/a0028310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Avdagic, 2014",
          "ref": "Avdagic E, Morrissey SA, Boschen MJ. A randomised controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behaviour therapy for generalised anxiety disorder. Behav Change. 2014;31(2):110-130. doi:10.1017/bec.2014.5"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2017",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Urech, A., Krieger, T., Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Vincent, A., ... & Meyer, B. (2017). Effects of a transdiagnostic unguided Internet intervention (‘velibra’) for anxiety disorders in primary care: results of a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 47(1), 67-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2003",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Brillon, P., Savard, P., Turcotte, J., Gaudet, A., Ladouceur, R., . . . Gervais, N. J. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and applied relaxation for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 41(1), 46-58. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2010",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Ladouceur, R., Leger, E., Freeston, M. H., Langlois, F., Provencher, M. D., & Boisvert, J. M. (2003). Group cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: treatment outcome and long-term follow-up. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(4), 821-825. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2022",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Sexton, K. A., Hebert, E. A., Bouchard, S., Gouin, J.-P., & Shafran, R. (2022). Behavioral experiments for intolerance of uncertainty: A randomized clinical trial for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 53(6), 1147-1160. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.05.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2010",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2014",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ladouceur, 2000",
          "ref": "Ladouceur, R., Dugas, M. J., Freeston, M. H., Leger, E., Gagnon, F., & Thibodeau, N. (2000). Efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a controlled clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 68(6), 957-964. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennin, 2018",
          "ref": "Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., O'Toole, M. S., & Heimberg, R. G. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of emotion regulation therapy for generalized anxiety disorder with and without co-occurring depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(3), 268-281. doi:10.1037/ccp0000289"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newman, 2020",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roemer, 2008",
          "ref": "Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Salters-Pedneault, K. (2008). Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 76(6), 1083-1089. doi:10.1037/a0012720"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rogiers, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 1996",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2003",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Robinson, E., & Spence, J. (2010). Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy, 48(9), 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov 2010",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Heiden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2021",
          "ref": "Vera, M., Obén, A., Juarbe, D., Hernández, N., & Pérez-Pedrogo, C. (2021). Randomized pilot trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance-based behavioral therapy in the treatment of Spanish-speaking Latino primary care patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy, 31(2), 91-103. doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2020.11.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2021",
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          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
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        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Arch, 2012",
          "ref": "Arch JJ, Eifert GH, Davies C, Plumb Vilardaga JC, Rose RD, Craske MG. Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for mixed anxiety disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012;80(5):750-765. doi:10.1037/a0028310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Avdagic, 2014",
          "ref": "Avdagic E, Morrissey SA, Boschen MJ. A randomised controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behaviour therapy for generalised anxiety disorder. Behav Change. 2014;31(2):110-130. doi:10.1017/bec.2014.5"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2017",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Urech, A., Krieger, T., Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Vincent, A., ... & Meyer, B. (2017). Effects of a transdiagnostic unguided Internet intervention (‘velibra’) for anxiety disorders in primary care: results of a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 47(1), 67-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2003",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Brillon, P., Savard, P., Turcotte, J., Gaudet, A., Ladouceur, R., . . . Gervais, N. J. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and applied relaxation for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 41(1), 46-58. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2010",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Ladouceur, R., Leger, E., Freeston, M. H., Langlois, F., Provencher, M. D., & Boisvert, J. M. (2003). Group cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: treatment outcome and long-term follow-up. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(4), 821-825. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2022",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Sexton, K. A., Hebert, E. A., Bouchard, S., Gouin, J.-P., & Shafran, R. (2022). Behavioral experiments for intolerance of uncertainty: A randomized clinical trial for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 53(6), 1147-1160. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.05.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2010",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2014",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ladouceur, 2000",
          "ref": "Ladouceur, R., Dugas, M. J., Freeston, M. H., Leger, E., Gagnon, F., & Thibodeau, N. (2000). Efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a controlled clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 68(6), 957-964. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennin, 2018",
          "ref": "Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., O'Toole, M. S., & Heimberg, R. G. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of emotion regulation therapy for generalized anxiety disorder with and without co-occurring depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(3), 268-281. doi:10.1037/ccp0000289"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newman, 2020",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roemer, 2008",
          "ref": "Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Salters-Pedneault, K. (2008). Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 76(6), 1083-1089. doi:10.1037/a0012720"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rogiers, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 1996",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2003",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Robinson, E., & Spence, J. (2010). Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy, 48(9), 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov 2010",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Heiden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2021",
          "ref": "Vera, M., Obén, A., Juarbe, D., Hernández, N., & Pérez-Pedrogo, C. (2021). Randomized pilot trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance-based behavioral therapy in the treatment of Spanish-speaking Latino primary care patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy, 31(2), 91-103. doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2020.11.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2021",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
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          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
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          "study": "de Almeida Sampaio, 2020",
          "ref": "de Almeida Sampaio TP, Jorge RC, Martins DS, Gandarela LM, Hayes-Skelton S, Bernik MA, Lotufo-Neto F. Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1179-1193. doi: 10.1002/da.23021. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32333486."
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          "study": "Avdagic, 2014",
          "ref": "Avdagic E, Morrissey SA, Boschen MJ. A randomised controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behaviour therapy for generalised anxiety disorder. Behav Change. 2014;31(2):110-130. doi:10.1017/bec.2014.5"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2003",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Brillon, P., Savard, P., Turcotte, J., Gaudet, A., Ladouceur, R., . . . Gervais, N. J. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and applied relaxation for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 41(1), 46-58. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rogiers, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
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          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
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          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "de Almeida Sampaio, 2020",
          "ref": "de Almeida Sampaio TP, Jorge RC, Martins DS, Gandarela LM, Hayes-Skelton S, Bernik MA, Lotufo-Neto F. Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1179-1193. doi: 10.1002/da.23021. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32333486."
        }
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        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Arch, 2012",
          "ref": "Arch JJ, Eifert GH, Davies C, Plumb Vilardaga JC, Rose RD, Craske MG. Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for mixed anxiety disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012;80(5):750-765. doi:10.1037/a0028310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Avdagic, 2014",
          "ref": "Avdagic E, Morrissey SA, Boschen MJ. A randomised controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behaviour therapy for generalised anxiety disorder. Behav Change. 2014;31(2):110-130. doi:10.1017/bec.2014.5"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2017",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Urech, A., Krieger, T., Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Vincent, A., ... & Meyer, B. (2017). Effects of a transdiagnostic unguided Internet intervention (‘velibra’) for anxiety disorders in primary care: results of a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 47(1), 67-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2003",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Brillon, P., Savard, P., Turcotte, J., Gaudet, A., Ladouceur, R., . . . Gervais, N. J. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and applied relaxation for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 41(1), 46-58. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2010",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Ladouceur, R., Leger, E., Freeston, M. H., Langlois, F., Provencher, M. D., & Boisvert, J. M. (2003). Group cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: treatment outcome and long-term follow-up. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(4), 821-825. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2022",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Sexton, K. A., Hebert, E. A., Bouchard, S., Gouin, J.-P., & Shafran, R. (2022). Behavioral experiments for intolerance of uncertainty: A randomized clinical trial for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 53(6), 1147-1160. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.05.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2010",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2014",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ladouceur, 2000",
          "ref": "Ladouceur, R., Dugas, M. J., Freeston, M. H., Leger, E., Gagnon, F., & Thibodeau, N. (2000). Efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a controlled clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 68(6), 957-964. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennin, 2018",
          "ref": "Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., O'Toole, M. S., & Heimberg, R. G. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of emotion regulation therapy for generalized anxiety disorder with and without co-occurring depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(3), 268-281. doi:10.1037/ccp0000289"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newman, 2020",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roemer, 2008",
          "ref": "Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Salters-Pedneault, K. (2008). Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 76(6), 1083-1089. doi:10.1037/a0012720"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rogiers, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 1996",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2003",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Robinson, E., & Spence, J. (2010). Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy, 48(9), 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov 2010",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Heiden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2021",
          "ref": "Vera, M., Obén, A., Juarbe, D., Hernández, N., & Pérez-Pedrogo, C. (2021). Randomized pilot trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance-based behavioral therapy in the treatment of Spanish-speaking Latino primary care patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy, 31(2), 91-103. doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2020.11.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2021",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "de Almeida Sampaio, 2020",
          "ref": "de Almeida Sampaio TP, Jorge RC, Martins DS, Gandarela LM, Hayes-Skelton S, Bernik MA, Lotufo-Neto F. Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1179-1193. doi: 10.1002/da.23021. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32333486."
        }
      ]
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        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newman, 2020",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov 2010",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        }
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          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Arch, 2012",
          "ref": "Arch JJ, Eifert GH, Davies C, Plumb Vilardaga JC, Rose RD, Craske MG. Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for mixed anxiety disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012;80(5):750-765. doi:10.1037/a0028310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Avdagic, 2014",
          "ref": "Avdagic E, Morrissey SA, Boschen MJ. A randomised controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behaviour therapy for generalised anxiety disorder. Behav Change. 2014;31(2):110-130. doi:10.1017/bec.2014.5"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2017",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Urech, A., Krieger, T., Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Vincent, A., ... & Meyer, B. (2017). Effects of a transdiagnostic unguided Internet intervention (‘velibra’) for anxiety disorders in primary care: results of a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 47(1), 67-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2003",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Brillon, P., Savard, P., Turcotte, J., Gaudet, A., Ladouceur, R., . . . Gervais, N. J. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and applied relaxation for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 41(1), 46-58. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2010",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Ladouceur, R., Leger, E., Freeston, M. H., Langlois, F., Provencher, M. D., & Boisvert, J. M. (2003). Group cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: treatment outcome and long-term follow-up. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(4), 821-825. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2022",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Sexton, K. A., Hebert, E. A., Bouchard, S., Gouin, J.-P., & Shafran, R. (2022). Behavioral experiments for intolerance of uncertainty: A randomized clinical trial for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 53(6), 1147-1160. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.05.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2010",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2014",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ladouceur, 2000",
          "ref": "Ladouceur, R., Dugas, M. J., Freeston, M. H., Leger, E., Gagnon, F., & Thibodeau, N. (2000). Efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a controlled clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 68(6), 957-964. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennin, 2018",
          "ref": "Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., O'Toole, M. S., & Heimberg, R. G. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of emotion regulation therapy for generalized anxiety disorder with and without co-occurring depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(3), 268-281. doi:10.1037/ccp0000289"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newman, 2020",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roemer, 2008",
          "ref": "Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Salters-Pedneault, K. (2008). Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 76(6), 1083-1089. doi:10.1037/a0012720"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rogiers, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 1996",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2003",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Robinson, E., & Spence, J. (2010). Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy, 48(9), 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov 2010",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Heiden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2021",
          "ref": "Vera, M., Obén, A., Juarbe, D., Hernández, N., & Pérez-Pedrogo, C. (2021). Randomized pilot trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance-based behavioral therapy in the treatment of Spanish-speaking Latino primary care patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy, 31(2), 91-103. doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2020.11.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2021",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "de Almeida Sampaio, 2020",
          "ref": "de Almeida Sampaio TP, Jorge RC, Martins DS, Gandarela LM, Hayes-Skelton S, Bernik MA, Lotufo-Neto F. Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1179-1193. doi: 10.1002/da.23021. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32333486."
        }
      ]
    },
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Arch, 2012",
          "ref": "Arch JJ, Eifert GH, Davies C, Plumb Vilardaga JC, Rose RD, Craske MG. Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for mixed anxiety disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012;80(5):750-765. doi:10.1037/a0028310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2010",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Ladouceur, R., Leger, E., Freeston, M. H., Langlois, F., Provencher, M. D., & Boisvert, J. M. (2003). Group cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: treatment outcome and long-term follow-up. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(4), 821-825. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2022",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Sexton, K. A., Hebert, E. A., Bouchard, S., Gouin, J.-P., & Shafran, R. (2022). Behavioral experiments for intolerance of uncertainty: A randomized clinical trial for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 53(6), 1147-1160. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.05.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2010",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2014",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ladouceur, 2000",
          "ref": "Ladouceur, R., Dugas, M. J., Freeston, M. H., Leger, E., Gagnon, F., & Thibodeau, N. (2000). Efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a controlled clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 68(6), 957-964. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennin, 2018",
          "ref": "Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., O'Toole, M. S., & Heimberg, R. G. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of emotion regulation therapy for generalized anxiety disorder with and without co-occurring depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(3), 268-281. doi:10.1037/ccp0000289"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roemer, 2008",
          "ref": "Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Salters-Pedneault, K. (2008). Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 76(6), 1083-1089. doi:10.1037/a0012720"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Robinson, E., & Spence, J. (2010). Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy, 48(9), 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Heiden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2021",
          "ref": "Vera, M., Obén, A., Juarbe, D., Hernández, N., & Pérez-Pedrogo, C. (2021). Randomized pilot trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance-based behavioral therapy in the treatment of Spanish-speaking Latino primary care patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy, 31(2), 91-103. doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2020.11.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2021",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        }
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Arch, 2012",
          "ref": "Arch JJ, Eifert GH, Davies C, Plumb Vilardaga JC, Rose RD, Craske MG. Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for mixed anxiety disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012;80(5):750-765. doi:10.1037/a0028310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Avdagic, 2014",
          "ref": "Avdagic E, Morrissey SA, Boschen MJ. A randomised controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behaviour therapy for generalised anxiety disorder. Behav Change. 2014;31(2):110-130. doi:10.1017/bec.2014.5"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2017",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Urech, A., Krieger, T., Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Vincent, A., ... & Meyer, B. (2017). Effects of a transdiagnostic unguided Internet intervention (‘velibra’) for anxiety disorders in primary care: results of a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 47(1), 67-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2003",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Brillon, P., Savard, P., Turcotte, J., Gaudet, A., Ladouceur, R., . . . Gervais, N. J. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and applied relaxation for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 41(1), 46-58. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2010",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Ladouceur, R., Leger, E., Freeston, M. H., Langlois, F., Provencher, M. D., & Boisvert, J. M. (2003). Group cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: treatment outcome and long-term follow-up. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(4), 821-825. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2022",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Sexton, K. A., Hebert, E. A., Bouchard, S., Gouin, J.-P., & Shafran, R. (2022). Behavioral experiments for intolerance of uncertainty: A randomized clinical trial for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 53(6), 1147-1160. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.05.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2010",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2014",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ladouceur, 2000",
          "ref": "Ladouceur, R., Dugas, M. J., Freeston, M. H., Leger, E., Gagnon, F., & Thibodeau, N. (2000). Efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a controlled clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 68(6), 957-964. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennin, 2018",
          "ref": "Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., O'Toole, M. S., & Heimberg, R. G. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of emotion regulation therapy for generalized anxiety disorder with and without co-occurring depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(3), 268-281. doi:10.1037/ccp0000289"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newman, 2020",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roemer, 2008",
          "ref": "Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Salters-Pedneault, K. (2008). Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 76(6), 1083-1089. doi:10.1037/a0012720"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rogiers, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 1996",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2003",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Robinson, E., & Spence, J. (2010). Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy, 48(9), 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov 2010",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Heiden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2021",
          "ref": "Vera, M., Obén, A., Juarbe, D., Hernández, N., & Pérez-Pedrogo, C. (2021). Randomized pilot trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance-based behavioral therapy in the treatment of Spanish-speaking Latino primary care patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy, 31(2), 91-103. doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2020.11.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2021",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "de Almeida Sampaio, 2020",
          "ref": "de Almeida Sampaio TP, Jorge RC, Martins DS, Gandarela LM, Hayes-Skelton S, Bernik MA, Lotufo-Neto F. Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1179-1193. doi: 10.1002/da.23021. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32333486."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1772,
      "instr": "PSWQ",
      "full": "Penn State Worry Questionnaire",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Rating",
      "sgv": "Self-rated",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 42,
      "k_es": 61,
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      "lo": 8.444,
      "hi": 10.691,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Arch, 2012",
          "ref": "Arch JJ, Eifert GH, Davies C, Plumb Vilardaga JC, Rose RD, Craske MG. Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for mixed anxiety disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012;80(5):750-765. doi:10.1037/a0028310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Avdagic, 2014",
          "ref": "Avdagic E, Morrissey SA, Boschen MJ. A randomised controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behaviour therapy for generalised anxiety disorder. Behav Change. 2014;31(2):110-130. doi:10.1017/bec.2014.5"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2017",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Urech, A., Krieger, T., Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Vincent, A., ... & Meyer, B. (2017). Effects of a transdiagnostic unguided Internet intervention (‘velibra’) for anxiety disorders in primary care: results of a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 47(1), 67-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2003",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Brillon, P., Savard, P., Turcotte, J., Gaudet, A., Ladouceur, R., . . . Gervais, N. J. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and applied relaxation for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 41(1), 46-58. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2010",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Ladouceur, R., Leger, E., Freeston, M. H., Langlois, F., Provencher, M. D., & Boisvert, J. M. (2003). Group cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: treatment outcome and long-term follow-up. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(4), 821-825. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2022",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Sexton, K. A., Hebert, E. A., Bouchard, S., Gouin, J.-P., & Shafran, R. (2022). Behavioral experiments for intolerance of uncertainty: A randomized clinical trial for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 53(6), 1147-1160. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.05.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2010",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2014",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ladouceur, 2000",
          "ref": "Ladouceur, R., Dugas, M. J., Freeston, M. H., Leger, E., Gagnon, F., & Thibodeau, N. (2000). Efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a controlled clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 68(6), 957-964. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennin, 2018",
          "ref": "Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., O'Toole, M. S., & Heimberg, R. G. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of emotion regulation therapy for generalized anxiety disorder with and without co-occurring depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(3), 268-281. doi:10.1037/ccp0000289"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newman, 2020",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roemer, 2008",
          "ref": "Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Salters-Pedneault, K. (2008). Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 76(6), 1083-1089. doi:10.1037/a0012720"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rogiers, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 1996",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2003",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Robinson, E., & Spence, J. (2010). Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy, 48(9), 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov 2010",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Heiden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2021",
          "ref": "Vera, M., Obén, A., Juarbe, D., Hernández, N., & Pérez-Pedrogo, C. (2021). Randomized pilot trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance-based behavioral therapy in the treatment of Spanish-speaking Latino primary care patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy, 31(2), 91-103. doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2020.11.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2021",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "de Almeida Sampaio, 2020",
          "ref": "de Almeida Sampaio TP, Jorge RC, Martins DS, Gandarela LM, Hayes-Skelton S, Bernik MA, Lotufo-Neto F. Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1179-1193. doi: 10.1002/da.23021. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32333486."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1773,
      "instr": "PSWQ",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Arch, 2012",
          "ref": "Arch JJ, Eifert GH, Davies C, Plumb Vilardaga JC, Rose RD, Craske MG. Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for mixed anxiety disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012;80(5):750-765. doi:10.1037/a0028310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Avdagic, 2014",
          "ref": "Avdagic E, Morrissey SA, Boschen MJ. A randomised controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behaviour therapy for generalised anxiety disorder. Behav Change. 2014;31(2):110-130. doi:10.1017/bec.2014.5"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2017",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Urech, A., Krieger, T., Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Vincent, A., ... & Meyer, B. (2017). Effects of a transdiagnostic unguided Internet intervention (‘velibra’) for anxiety disorders in primary care: results of a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 47(1), 67-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2003",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Brillon, P., Savard, P., Turcotte, J., Gaudet, A., Ladouceur, R., . . . Gervais, N. J. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and applied relaxation for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 41(1), 46-58. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2010",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Ladouceur, R., Leger, E., Freeston, M. H., Langlois, F., Provencher, M. D., & Boisvert, J. M. (2003). Group cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: treatment outcome and long-term follow-up. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(4), 821-825. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2022",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Sexton, K. A., Hebert, E. A., Bouchard, S., Gouin, J.-P., & Shafran, R. (2022). Behavioral experiments for intolerance of uncertainty: A randomized clinical trial for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 53(6), 1147-1160. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.05.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2010",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2014",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ladouceur, 2000",
          "ref": "Ladouceur, R., Dugas, M. J., Freeston, M. H., Leger, E., Gagnon, F., & Thibodeau, N. (2000). Efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a controlled clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 68(6), 957-964. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennin, 2018",
          "ref": "Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., O'Toole, M. S., & Heimberg, R. G. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of emotion regulation therapy for generalized anxiety disorder with and without co-occurring depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(3), 268-281. doi:10.1037/ccp0000289"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newman, 2020",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roemer, 2008",
          "ref": "Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Salters-Pedneault, K. (2008). Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 76(6), 1083-1089. doi:10.1037/a0012720"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rogiers, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 1996",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2003",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Robinson, E., & Spence, J. (2010). Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy, 48(9), 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov 2010",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Heiden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2021",
          "ref": "Vera, M., Obén, A., Juarbe, D., Hernández, N., & Pérez-Pedrogo, C. (2021). Randomized pilot trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance-based behavioral therapy in the treatment of Spanish-speaking Latino primary care patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy, 31(2), 91-103. doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2020.11.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2021",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "de Almeida Sampaio, 2020",
          "ref": "de Almeida Sampaio TP, Jorge RC, Martins DS, Gandarela LM, Hayes-Skelton S, Bernik MA, Lotufo-Neto F. Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1179-1193. doi: 10.1002/da.23021. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32333486."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2010",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Ladouceur, R., Leger, E., Freeston, M. H., Langlois, F., Provencher, M. D., & Boisvert, J. M. (2003). Group cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: treatment outcome and long-term follow-up. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(4), 821-825. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roemer, 2008",
          "ref": "Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Salters-Pedneault, K. (2008). Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 76(6), 1083-1089. doi:10.1037/a0012720"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Heiden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2021",
          "ref": "Vera, M., Obén, A., Juarbe, D., Hernández, N., & Pérez-Pedrogo, C. (2021). Randomized pilot trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance-based behavioral therapy in the treatment of Spanish-speaking Latino primary care patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy, 31(2), 91-103. doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2020.11.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2021",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        }
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    },
    {
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      "instr": "PSWQ",
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      "sgv": "Clinic",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Arch, 2012",
          "ref": "Arch JJ, Eifert GH, Davies C, Plumb Vilardaga JC, Rose RD, Craske MG. Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for mixed anxiety disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012;80(5):750-765. doi:10.1037/a0028310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Avdagic, 2014",
          "ref": "Avdagic E, Morrissey SA, Boschen MJ. A randomised controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behaviour therapy for generalised anxiety disorder. Behav Change. 2014;31(2):110-130. doi:10.1017/bec.2014.5"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2017",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Urech, A., Krieger, T., Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Vincent, A., ... & Meyer, B. (2017). Effects of a transdiagnostic unguided Internet intervention (‘velibra’) for anxiety disorders in primary care: results of a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 47(1), 67-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2003",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Brillon, P., Savard, P., Turcotte, J., Gaudet, A., Ladouceur, R., . . . Gervais, N. J. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and applied relaxation for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 41(1), 46-58. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2010",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Ladouceur, R., Leger, E., Freeston, M. H., Langlois, F., Provencher, M. D., & Boisvert, J. M. (2003). Group cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: treatment outcome and long-term follow-up. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(4), 821-825. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2022",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Sexton, K. A., Hebert, E. A., Bouchard, S., Gouin, J.-P., & Shafran, R. (2022). Behavioral experiments for intolerance of uncertainty: A randomized clinical trial for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 53(6), 1147-1160. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.05.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2010",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2014",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ladouceur, 2000",
          "ref": "Ladouceur, R., Dugas, M. J., Freeston, M. H., Leger, E., Gagnon, F., & Thibodeau, N. (2000). Efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a controlled clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 68(6), 957-964. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennin, 2018",
          "ref": "Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., O'Toole, M. S., & Heimberg, R. G. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of emotion regulation therapy for generalized anxiety disorder with and without co-occurring depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(3), 268-281. doi:10.1037/ccp0000289"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newman, 2020",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roemer, 2008",
          "ref": "Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Salters-Pedneault, K. (2008). Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 76(6), 1083-1089. doi:10.1037/a0012720"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rogiers, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 1996",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2003",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Robinson, E., & Spence, J. (2010). Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy, 48(9), 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov 2010",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Heiden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2021",
          "ref": "Vera, M., Obén, A., Juarbe, D., Hernández, N., & Pérez-Pedrogo, C. (2021). Randomized pilot trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance-based behavioral therapy in the treatment of Spanish-speaking Latino primary care patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy, 31(2), 91-103. doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2020.11.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2021",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "de Almeida Sampaio, 2020",
          "ref": "de Almeida Sampaio TP, Jorge RC, Martins DS, Gandarela LM, Hayes-Skelton S, Bernik MA, Lotufo-Neto F. Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1179-1193. doi: 10.1002/da.23021. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32333486."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "hi": 10.473,
      "tau2": 0.1733,
      "tau2w": null,
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      "phi": 20.597,
      "i2": 95.8,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Arch, 2012",
          "ref": "Arch JJ, Eifert GH, Davies C, Plumb Vilardaga JC, Rose RD, Craske MG. Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for mixed anxiety disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012;80(5):750-765. doi:10.1037/a0028310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Avdagic, 2014",
          "ref": "Avdagic E, Morrissey SA, Boschen MJ. A randomised controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behaviour therapy for generalised anxiety disorder. Behav Change. 2014;31(2):110-130. doi:10.1017/bec.2014.5"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2017",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Urech, A., Krieger, T., Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Vincent, A., ... & Meyer, B. (2017). Effects of a transdiagnostic unguided Internet intervention (‘velibra’) for anxiety disorders in primary care: results of a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 47(1), 67-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2003",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Brillon, P., Savard, P., Turcotte, J., Gaudet, A., Ladouceur, R., . . . Gervais, N. J. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and applied relaxation for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 41(1), 46-58. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2022",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Sexton, K. A., Hebert, E. A., Bouchard, S., Gouin, J.-P., & Shafran, R. (2022). Behavioral experiments for intolerance of uncertainty: A randomized clinical trial for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 53(6), 1147-1160. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.05.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2010",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2014",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ladouceur, 2000",
          "ref": "Ladouceur, R., Dugas, M. J., Freeston, M. H., Leger, E., Gagnon, F., & Thibodeau, N. (2000). Efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a controlled clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 68(6), 957-964. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennin, 2018",
          "ref": "Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., O'Toole, M. S., & Heimberg, R. G. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of emotion regulation therapy for generalized anxiety disorder with and without co-occurring depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(3), 268-281. doi:10.1037/ccp0000289"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newman, 2020",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rogiers, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 1996",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2003",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Robinson, E., & Spence, J. (2010). Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy, 48(9), 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov 2010",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "de Almeida Sampaio, 2020",
          "ref": "de Almeida Sampaio TP, Jorge RC, Martins DS, Gandarela LM, Hayes-Skelton S, Bernik MA, Lotufo-Neto F. Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1179-1193. doi: 10.1002/da.23021. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32333486."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1777,
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      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Recruitment",
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      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 42,
      "k_es": 61,
      "sd": 9.517,
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      "hi": 10.787,
      "tau2": 0.1212,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Arch, 2012",
          "ref": "Arch JJ, Eifert GH, Davies C, Plumb Vilardaga JC, Rose RD, Craske MG. Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for mixed anxiety disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012;80(5):750-765. doi:10.1037/a0028310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Avdagic, 2014",
          "ref": "Avdagic E, Morrissey SA, Boschen MJ. A randomised controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behaviour therapy for generalised anxiety disorder. Behav Change. 2014;31(2):110-130. doi:10.1017/bec.2014.5"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2017",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Urech, A., Krieger, T., Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Vincent, A., ... & Meyer, B. (2017). Effects of a transdiagnostic unguided Internet intervention (‘velibra’) for anxiety disorders in primary care: results of a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 47(1), 67-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2003",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Brillon, P., Savard, P., Turcotte, J., Gaudet, A., Ladouceur, R., . . . Gervais, N. J. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and applied relaxation for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 41(1), 46-58. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2010",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Ladouceur, R., Leger, E., Freeston, M. H., Langlois, F., Provencher, M. D., & Boisvert, J. M. (2003). Group cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: treatment outcome and long-term follow-up. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(4), 821-825. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2022",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Sexton, K. A., Hebert, E. A., Bouchard, S., Gouin, J.-P., & Shafran, R. (2022). Behavioral experiments for intolerance of uncertainty: A randomized clinical trial for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 53(6), 1147-1160. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.05.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2010",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2014",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ladouceur, 2000",
          "ref": "Ladouceur, R., Dugas, M. J., Freeston, M. H., Leger, E., Gagnon, F., & Thibodeau, N. (2000). Efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a controlled clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 68(6), 957-964. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennin, 2018",
          "ref": "Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., O'Toole, M. S., & Heimberg, R. G. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of emotion regulation therapy for generalized anxiety disorder with and without co-occurring depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(3), 268-281. doi:10.1037/ccp0000289"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newman, 2020",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roemer, 2008",
          "ref": "Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Salters-Pedneault, K. (2008). Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 76(6), 1083-1089. doi:10.1037/a0012720"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rogiers, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 1996",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2003",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Robinson, E., & Spence, J. (2010). Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy, 48(9), 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov 2010",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Heiden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2021",
          "ref": "Vera, M., Obén, A., Juarbe, D., Hernández, N., & Pérez-Pedrogo, C. (2021). Randomized pilot trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance-based behavioral therapy in the treatment of Spanish-speaking Latino primary care patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy, 31(2), 91-103. doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2020.11.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2021",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "de Almeida Sampaio, 2020",
          "ref": "de Almeida Sampaio TP, Jorge RC, Martins DS, Gandarela LM, Hayes-Skelton S, Bernik MA, Lotufo-Neto F. Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1179-1193. doi: 10.1002/da.23021. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32333486."
        }
      ]
    },
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Avdagic, 2014",
          "ref": "Avdagic E, Morrissey SA, Boschen MJ. A randomised controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behaviour therapy for generalised anxiety disorder. Behav Change. 2014;31(2):110-130. doi:10.1017/bec.2014.5"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2017",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Urech, A., Krieger, T., Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Vincent, A., ... & Meyer, B. (2017). Effects of a transdiagnostic unguided Internet intervention (‘velibra’) for anxiety disorders in primary care: results of a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 47(1), 67-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Robinson, E., & Spence, J. (2010). Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy, 48(9), 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov 2010",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2021",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        }
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    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Arch, 2012",
          "ref": "Arch JJ, Eifert GH, Davies C, Plumb Vilardaga JC, Rose RD, Craske MG. Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for mixed anxiety disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012;80(5):750-765. doi:10.1037/a0028310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Avdagic, 2014",
          "ref": "Avdagic E, Morrissey SA, Boschen MJ. A randomised controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behaviour therapy for generalised anxiety disorder. Behav Change. 2014;31(2):110-130. doi:10.1017/bec.2014.5"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2017",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Urech, A., Krieger, T., Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Vincent, A., ... & Meyer, B. (2017). Effects of a transdiagnostic unguided Internet intervention (‘velibra’) for anxiety disorders in primary care: results of a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 47(1), 67-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2003",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Brillon, P., Savard, P., Turcotte, J., Gaudet, A., Ladouceur, R., . . . Gervais, N. J. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and applied relaxation for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 41(1), 46-58. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2010",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Ladouceur, R., Leger, E., Freeston, M. H., Langlois, F., Provencher, M. D., & Boisvert, J. M. (2003). Group cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: treatment outcome and long-term follow-up. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(4), 821-825. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2022",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Sexton, K. A., Hebert, E. A., Bouchard, S., Gouin, J.-P., & Shafran, R. (2022). Behavioral experiments for intolerance of uncertainty: A randomized clinical trial for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 53(6), 1147-1160. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.05.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2010",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2014",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ladouceur, 2000",
          "ref": "Ladouceur, R., Dugas, M. J., Freeston, M. H., Leger, E., Gagnon, F., & Thibodeau, N. (2000). Efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a controlled clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 68(6), 957-964. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennin, 2018",
          "ref": "Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., O'Toole, M. S., & Heimberg, R. G. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of emotion regulation therapy for generalized anxiety disorder with and without co-occurring depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(3), 268-281. doi:10.1037/ccp0000289"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newman, 2020",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roemer, 2008",
          "ref": "Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Salters-Pedneault, K. (2008). Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 76(6), 1083-1089. doi:10.1037/a0012720"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rogiers, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 1996",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2003",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Robinson, E., & Spence, J. (2010). Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy, 48(9), 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov 2010",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Heiden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2021",
          "ref": "Vera, M., Obén, A., Juarbe, D., Hernández, N., & Pérez-Pedrogo, C. (2021). Randomized pilot trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance-based behavioral therapy in the treatment of Spanish-speaking Latino primary care patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy, 31(2), 91-103. doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2020.11.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2021",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "de Almeida Sampaio, 2020",
          "ref": "de Almeida Sampaio TP, Jorge RC, Martins DS, Gandarela LM, Hayes-Skelton S, Bernik MA, Lotufo-Neto F. Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1179-1193. doi: 10.1002/da.23021. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32333486."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "indication": null,
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      "k_es": 49,
      "sd": 9.714,
      "lo": 8.623,
      "hi": 10.943,
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      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 5.084,
      "phi": 18.56,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Arch, 2012",
          "ref": "Arch JJ, Eifert GH, Davies C, Plumb Vilardaga JC, Rose RD, Craske MG. Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for mixed anxiety disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012;80(5):750-765. doi:10.1037/a0028310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2003",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Brillon, P., Savard, P., Turcotte, J., Gaudet, A., Ladouceur, R., . . . Gervais, N. J. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and applied relaxation for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 41(1), 46-58. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2010",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Ladouceur, R., Leger, E., Freeston, M. H., Langlois, F., Provencher, M. D., & Boisvert, J. M. (2003). Group cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: treatment outcome and long-term follow-up. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(4), 821-825. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2022",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Sexton, K. A., Hebert, E. A., Bouchard, S., Gouin, J.-P., & Shafran, R. (2022). Behavioral experiments for intolerance of uncertainty: A randomized clinical trial for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 53(6), 1147-1160. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.05.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2010",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2014",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ladouceur, 2000",
          "ref": "Ladouceur, R., Dugas, M. J., Freeston, M. H., Leger, E., Gagnon, F., & Thibodeau, N. (2000). Efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a controlled clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 68(6), 957-964. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennin, 2018",
          "ref": "Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., O'Toole, M. S., & Heimberg, R. G. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of emotion regulation therapy for generalized anxiety disorder with and without co-occurring depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(3), 268-281. doi:10.1037/ccp0000289"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newman, 2020",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roemer, 2008",
          "ref": "Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Salters-Pedneault, K. (2008). Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 76(6), 1083-1089. doi:10.1037/a0012720"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rogiers, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 1996",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2003",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Heiden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2021",
          "ref": "Vera, M., Obén, A., Juarbe, D., Hernández, N., & Pérez-Pedrogo, C. (2021). Randomized pilot trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance-based behavioral therapy in the treatment of Spanish-speaking Latino primary care patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy, 31(2), 91-103. doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2020.11.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "de Almeida Sampaio, 2020",
          "ref": "de Almeida Sampaio TP, Jorge RC, Martins DS, Gandarela LM, Hayes-Skelton S, Bernik MA, Lotufo-Neto F. Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1179-1193. doi: 10.1002/da.23021. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32333486."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1781,
      "instr": "PSWQ",
      "full": "Penn State Worry Questionnaire",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Not low risk of bias",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 42,
      "k_es": 61,
      "sd": 9.517,
      "lo": 8.396,
      "hi": 10.787,
      "tau2": 0.1212,
      "tau2w": 0.0344,
      "plo": 4.351,
      "phi": 20.815,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Arch, 2012",
          "ref": "Arch JJ, Eifert GH, Davies C, Plumb Vilardaga JC, Rose RD, Craske MG. Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for mixed anxiety disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012;80(5):750-765. doi:10.1037/a0028310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Avdagic, 2014",
          "ref": "Avdagic E, Morrissey SA, Boschen MJ. A randomised controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behaviour therapy for generalised anxiety disorder. Behav Change. 2014;31(2):110-130. doi:10.1017/bec.2014.5"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2017",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Urech, A., Krieger, T., Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Vincent, A., ... & Meyer, B. (2017). Effects of a transdiagnostic unguided Internet intervention (‘velibra’) for anxiety disorders in primary care: results of a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 47(1), 67-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Borkovec, 1993",
          "ref": "Borkovec TD, Mathews AM, Chambers A, Ebrahimi S, Lytle R, Nelson R. The effects of relaxation training with cognitive or nondirective therapy and the role of relaxation-induced anxiety in the treatment of generalized anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Dec;55(6):883-8. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.883. PMID: 3320121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carl, 2020",
          "ref": "Carl, J. R., Miller, C. B., Henry, A. L., Davis, M. L., Stott, R., Smits, J. A. J., . . . Espie, C. A. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.23079"
        },
        {
          "study": "Costa, 2020",
          "ref": "Manfro, G. G., Salum, G. A., Alves, S. G., Schwinn, J. K., Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Tatton-Ramos, T., Gonçalves, F. G., & Costa, M. D. A. (2021). A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 90(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511880"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2003",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Brillon, P., Savard, P., Turcotte, J., Gaudet, A., Ladouceur, R., . . . Gervais, N. J. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and applied relaxation for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 41(1), 46-58. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2010",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Ladouceur, R., Leger, E., Freeston, M. H., Langlois, F., Provencher, M. D., & Boisvert, J. M. (2003). Group cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: treatment outcome and long-term follow-up. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(4), 821-825. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dugas, 2022",
          "ref": "Dugas, M. J., Sexton, K. A., Hebert, E. A., Bouchard, S., Gouin, J.-P., & Shafran, R. (2022). Behavioral experiments for intolerance of uncertainty: A randomized clinical trial for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 53(6), 1147-1160. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.05.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoyer, 2009",
          "ref": "Hoyer, J., Beesdo, K., Gloster, A. T., Runge, J., Hofler, M., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 78(2), 106-115. doi:10.1159/000201936"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2010",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Koszycki, 2014",
          "ref": "Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn, J. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(4), 430-441."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ladouceur, 2000",
          "ref": "Ladouceur, R., Dugas, M. J., Freeston, M. H., Leger, E., Gagnon, F., & Thibodeau, N. (2000). Efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a controlled clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 68(6), 957-964. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2009",
          "ref": "Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(8):875-881. doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2009.09030441"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lorian, 2012",
          "ref": "Lorian, C. N., Titov, N., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 26(1), 140-149. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennin, 2018",
          "ref": "Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., O'Toole, M. S., & Heimberg, R. G. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of emotion regulation therapy for generalized anxiety disorder with and without co-occurring depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(3), 268-281. doi:10.1037/ccp0000289"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newman, 2020",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pallavicini, 2009",
          "ref": "Pallavicini, F., Algeri, D., Repetto, C., Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2009). Biofeedback, virtual reality and mobile phones in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (gad): A phase-2 controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(4), 315-327. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L362154058"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2016",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., Rashleigh, C., McLoughlin, O., Colla, A., Joyce, C., . . . Anderson-Gibbons, M. (2016). Effectiveness of an internet-delivered intervention for generalized anxiety disorder in routine care: A randomised controlled trial in a student population. Internet Interventions, 6, 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.10.003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Robinson, 2010",
          "ref": "Robinson, E., Titov, N., Andrews, G., McIntyre, K., Schwencke, G., & Solley, K. (2010). Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One, 5(6), e10942. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010942"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roemer, 2008",
          "ref": "Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Salters-Pedneault, K. (2008). Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 76(6), 1083-1089. doi:10.1037/a0012720"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rogiers, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy, 2021",
          "ref": "Roy, A., Hoge, E. A., Abrante, P., Druker, S., Liu, T., & Brewer, J. A. (2021). Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12). doi:10.2196/26987"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2003",
          "ref": "Stanley, M. A., Beck, J. G., Novy, D. M., Averill, P. M., Swann, A. C., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 309‐319. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00431425/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stanley, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Robinson, E., & Spence, J. (2010). Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy, 48(9), 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov 2010",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2009",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Robinson, E., Schwencke, G., Johnston, L., Solley, K., & Choi, I. (2009). Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for generalized anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 905-912. doi:10.1080/00048670903179269"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Heiden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2021",
          "ref": "Vera, M., Obén, A., Juarbe, D., Hernández, N., & Pérez-Pedrogo, C. (2021). Randomized pilot trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance-based behavioral therapy in the treatment of Spanish-speaking Latino primary care patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy, 31(2), 91-103. doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2020.11.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wetherell, 2003",
          "ref": "Wetherell, J. L., Gatz, M., & Craske, M. G. (2003). Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol, 71(1), 31-40. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zargar, 2012",
          "ref": "Zargar F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, Atef-Vahid MK, Afshar H, Maroofi M, Omranifard V. Effect of acceptance-based behavior therapy on severity of symptoms, worry and quality of life in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):23-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2021",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
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        {
          "study": "de Almeida Sampaio, 2020",
          "ref": "de Almeida Sampaio TP, Jorge RC, Martins DS, Gandarela LM, Hayes-Skelton S, Bernik MA, Lotufo-Neto F. Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2020 Dec;37(12):1179-1193. doi: 10.1002/da.23021. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32333486."
        }
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          "ref": "Beevers, C., Pearson, R., Hoffman, J., Foulser, A., Shumake, J., & Meyer, B. (2017). Effectiveness of an internet intervention (Deprexis) for depression in a united states adult sample: a parallel-group pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(4), 367-380."
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        {
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          "ref": "Braun, L., Titzler, I., Terhorst, Y., Freund, J., Thielecke, J., Ebert, D. D., & Baumeister, H. (2021, Jan 1). Effectiveness of guided internet-based interventions in the indicated prevention of depression in green professions (PROD-A): Results of a pragmatic randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord, 278, 658-671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.066"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Ekkers W, Korrelboom K, Huijbrechts I, Smits N, Cuijpers P, Gaag M. Competitive memory training for treating depression and rumination in depressed older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2011;49(10):588-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hum, 2019",
          "ref": "Hum, K. M., Chan, C. J., Gane, J., Conway, L., McAndrews, M. P., & Smith, M. L. (2019). Do distance-delivery group interventions improve depression in people with epilepsy? Epilepsy & Behavior, 98, 153‐160. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.06.037"
        },
        {
          "study": "Janssen, 2023",
          "ref": "Janssen NP, Lucassen P, Huibers MJH, Ekers D, Broekman T, Bosmans JE, et al. Behavioural Activation versus Treatment as Usual for Depressed Older Adults in Primary Care: A Pragmatic Cluster-Randomised Controlled Trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kemmeren, 2023",
          "ref": "Kemmeren, L. L., van Schaik, A., Draisma, S., Kleiboer, A., Riper, H., & Smit, J. H. (2023). Effectiveness of Blended Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Treatment as Usual for Depression in Routine Specialized Mental Healthcare: E-COMPARED Trial in the Netherlands. Cognitive Therapy and Research. doi:10.1007/s10608-023-10363-y"
        },
        {
          "study": "Krämer, 2022",
          "ref": "Krämer, R., Köhne-Voll, , L., Schumacher, A., & Köhler, S. Efficacy of an online intervention for treatment of depressive disorders: a three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing guided and unguided self-help with waitlist control. JMIR Form Res."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakagawa, 2017",
          "ref": "Nakagawa, A., Mitsuda, D., Sado, M., Abe, T., Fujisawa, D., Kikuchi, T., . . . Ono, Y. (2017). Effectiveness of supplementary cognitive-behavioral therapy for pharmacotherapy-resistant depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of clinical psychiatry, 78(8), 1126-1135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakao, 2018",
          "ref": "Nakao, S., Nakagawa, A., Oguchi, Y., Mitsuda, D., Kato, N., Nakagawa, Y., Tamura, N., Kudo, Y., Abe, T., Hiyama, M., Iwashita, S., Ono, Y., & Mimura, M. Web-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Blended With Face-to-Face Sessions for Major Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(9), e10743."
        },
        {
          "study": "Reins, 2019",
          "ref": "Reins, J. A., Boß, L., Lehr, D., Berking, M., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). The more I got, the less I need? Efficacy of Internet-based guided self-help compared to online psychoeducation for major depressive disorder. Journal of, 246, 695-705. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.065"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Schlicker S, Baumeister H, Buntrock C, et al. A web- And mobile-based intervention for comorbid, recurrent depression in patients with chronic back pain on sick leave (get.back): Pilot randomized controlled trial on feasibility, user satisfaction, and effectiveness. JMIR Mental Health. 2020;7(4)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Thielecke, 2024",
          "ref": "Thielecke, J., Buntrock, C., Titzler, I., Braun, L., Freund, J., Berking, M., . . . Ebert, D. D. (2024). Telephone coaching for the prevention of depression in farmers: Results from a pragmatic randomized controlled trial. J Telemed Telecare, 30(6), 918-930. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633x221106027"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zu, 2014",
          "ref": "Zu S, Xiang Y-T, Liu J, Zhang L, Wang G, Ma X, et al. A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy, antidepressants, their combination and standard treatment for Chinese patients with moderate–severe major depressive disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2014;152-154:262-7."
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        {
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        {
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          "ref": "Thielecke, J., Buntrock, C., Titzler, I., Braun, L., Freund, J., Berking, M., . . . Ebert, D. D. (2024). Telephone coaching for the prevention of depression in farmers: Results from a pragmatic randomized controlled trial. J Telemed Telecare, 30(6), 918-930. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633x221106027"
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        {
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          "ref": "Krämer, R., Köhne-Voll, , L., Schumacher, A., & Köhler, S. Efficacy of an online intervention for treatment of depressive disorders: a three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing guided and unguided self-help with waitlist control. JMIR Form Res."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakagawa, 2017",
          "ref": "Nakagawa, A., Mitsuda, D., Sado, M., Abe, T., Fujisawa, D., Kikuchi, T., . . . Ono, Y. (2017). Effectiveness of supplementary cognitive-behavioral therapy for pharmacotherapy-resistant depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of clinical psychiatry, 78(8), 1126-1135"
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        {
          "study": "Nakao, 2018",
          "ref": "Nakao, S., Nakagawa, A., Oguchi, Y., Mitsuda, D., Kato, N., Nakagawa, Y., Tamura, N., Kudo, Y., Abe, T., Hiyama, M., Iwashita, S., Ono, Y., & Mimura, M. Web-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Blended With Face-to-Face Sessions for Major Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(9), e10743."
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        {
          "study": "Reins, 2019",
          "ref": "Reins, J. A., Boß, L., Lehr, D., Berking, M., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). The more I got, the less I need? Efficacy of Internet-based guided self-help compared to online psychoeducation for major depressive disorder. Journal of, 246, 695-705. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.065"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schlicker, 2020",
          "ref": "Schlicker S, Baumeister H, Buntrock C, et al. A web- And mobile-based intervention for comorbid, recurrent depression in patients with chronic back pain on sick leave (get.back): Pilot randomized controlled trial on feasibility, user satisfaction, and effectiveness. JMIR Mental Health. 2020;7(4)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Thielecke, 2024",
          "ref": "Thielecke, J., Buntrock, C., Titzler, I., Braun, L., Freund, J., Berking, M., . . . Ebert, D. D. (2024). Telephone coaching for the prevention of depression in farmers: Results from a pragmatic randomized controlled trial. J Telemed Telecare, 30(6), 918-930. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633x221106027"
        },
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          "ref": "Braun, L., Titzler, I., Terhorst, Y., Freund, J., Thielecke, J., Ebert, D. D., & Baumeister, H. (2021, Jan 1). Effectiveness of guided internet-based interventions in the indicated prevention of depression in green professions (PROD-A): Results of a pragmatic randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord, 278, 658-671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.066"
        },
        {
          "study": "Janssen, 2023",
          "ref": "Janssen NP, Lucassen P, Huibers MJH, Ekers D, Broekman T, Bosmans JE, et al. Behavioural Activation versus Treatment as Usual for Depressed Older Adults in Primary Care: A Pragmatic Cluster-Randomised Controlled Trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kemmeren, 2023",
          "ref": "Kemmeren, L. L., van Schaik, A., Draisma, S., Kleiboer, A., Riper, H., & Smit, J. H. (2023). Effectiveness of Blended Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Treatment as Usual for Depression in Routine Specialized Mental Healthcare: E-COMPARED Trial in the Netherlands. Cognitive Therapy and Research. doi:10.1007/s10608-023-10363-y"
        },
        {
          "study": "Krämer, 2022",
          "ref": "Krämer, R., Köhne-Voll, , L., Schumacher, A., & Köhler, S. Efficacy of an online intervention for treatment of depressive disorders: a three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing guided and unguided self-help with waitlist control. JMIR Form Res."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakagawa, 2017",
          "ref": "Nakagawa, A., Mitsuda, D., Sado, M., Abe, T., Fujisawa, D., Kikuchi, T., . . . Ono, Y. (2017). Effectiveness of supplementary cognitive-behavioral therapy for pharmacotherapy-resistant depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of clinical psychiatry, 78(8), 1126-1135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakao, 2018",
          "ref": "Nakao, S., Nakagawa, A., Oguchi, Y., Mitsuda, D., Kato, N., Nakagawa, Y., Tamura, N., Kudo, Y., Abe, T., Hiyama, M., Iwashita, S., Ono, Y., & Mimura, M. Web-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Blended With Face-to-Face Sessions for Major Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(9), e10743."
        },
        {
          "study": "Reins, 2019",
          "ref": "Reins, J. A., Boß, L., Lehr, D., Berking, M., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). The more I got, the less I need? Efficacy of Internet-based guided self-help compared to online psychoeducation for major depressive disorder. Journal of, 246, 695-705. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.065"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schlicker, 2020",
          "ref": "Schlicker S, Baumeister H, Buntrock C, et al. A web- And mobile-based intervention for comorbid, recurrent depression in patients with chronic back pain on sick leave (get.back): Pilot randomized controlled trial on feasibility, user satisfaction, and effectiveness. JMIR Mental Health. 2020;7(4)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Thielecke, 2024",
          "ref": "Thielecke, J., Buntrock, C., Titzler, I., Braun, L., Freund, J., Berking, M., . . . Ebert, D. D. (2024). Telephone coaching for the prevention of depression in farmers: Results from a pragmatic randomized controlled trial. J Telemed Telecare, 30(6), 918-930. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633x221106027"
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      ]
    },
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        {
          "study": "Beevers, 2017",
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        },
        {
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        {
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          "ref": "Ekkers W, Korrelboom K, Huijbrechts I, Smits N, Cuijpers P, Gaag M. Competitive memory training for treating depression and rumination in depressed older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2011;49(10):588-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hum, 2019",
          "ref": "Hum, K. M., Chan, C. J., Gane, J., Conway, L., McAndrews, M. P., & Smith, M. L. (2019). Do distance-delivery group interventions improve depression in people with epilepsy? Epilepsy & Behavior, 98, 153‐160. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.06.037"
        },
        {
          "study": "Janssen, 2023",
          "ref": "Janssen NP, Lucassen P, Huibers MJH, Ekers D, Broekman T, Bosmans JE, et al. Behavioural Activation versus Treatment as Usual for Depressed Older Adults in Primary Care: A Pragmatic Cluster-Randomised Controlled Trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kemmeren, 2023",
          "ref": "Kemmeren, L. L., van Schaik, A., Draisma, S., Kleiboer, A., Riper, H., & Smit, J. H. (2023). Effectiveness of Blended Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Treatment as Usual for Depression in Routine Specialized Mental Healthcare: E-COMPARED Trial in the Netherlands. Cognitive Therapy and Research. doi:10.1007/s10608-023-10363-y"
        },
        {
          "study": "Krämer, 2022",
          "ref": "Krämer, R., Köhne-Voll, , L., Schumacher, A., & Köhler, S. Efficacy of an online intervention for treatment of depressive disorders: a three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing guided and unguided self-help with waitlist control. JMIR Form Res."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakagawa, 2017",
          "ref": "Nakagawa, A., Mitsuda, D., Sado, M., Abe, T., Fujisawa, D., Kikuchi, T., . . . Ono, Y. (2017). Effectiveness of supplementary cognitive-behavioral therapy for pharmacotherapy-resistant depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of clinical psychiatry, 78(8), 1126-1135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakao, 2018",
          "ref": "Nakao, S., Nakagawa, A., Oguchi, Y., Mitsuda, D., Kato, N., Nakagawa, Y., Tamura, N., Kudo, Y., Abe, T., Hiyama, M., Iwashita, S., Ono, Y., & Mimura, M. Web-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Blended With Face-to-Face Sessions for Major Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(9), e10743."
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        {
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          "ref": "Reins, J. A., Boß, L., Lehr, D., Berking, M., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). The more I got, the less I need? Efficacy of Internet-based guided self-help compared to online psychoeducation for major depressive disorder. Journal of, 246, 695-705. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.065"
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        {
          "study": "Schlicker, 2020",
          "ref": "Schlicker S, Baumeister H, Buntrock C, et al. A web- And mobile-based intervention for comorbid, recurrent depression in patients with chronic back pain on sick leave (get.back): Pilot randomized controlled trial on feasibility, user satisfaction, and effectiveness. JMIR Mental Health. 2020;7(4)."
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        {
          "study": "Thielecke, 2024",
          "ref": "Thielecke, J., Buntrock, C., Titzler, I., Braun, L., Freund, J., Berking, M., . . . Ebert, D. D. (2024). Telephone coaching for the prevention of depression in farmers: Results from a pragmatic randomized controlled trial. J Telemed Telecare, 30(6), 918-930. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633x221106027"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zu, 2014",
          "ref": "Zu S, Xiang Y-T, Liu J, Zhang L, Wang G, Ma X, et al. A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy, antidepressants, their combination and standard treatment for Chinese patients with moderate–severe major depressive disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2014;152-154:262-7."
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      ]
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        {
          "study": "Beevers, 2017",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Ekkers, 2011",
          "ref": "Ekkers W, Korrelboom K, Huijbrechts I, Smits N, Cuijpers P, Gaag M. Competitive memory training for treating depression and rumination in depressed older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2011;49(10):588-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hum, 2019",
          "ref": "Hum, K. M., Chan, C. J., Gane, J., Conway, L., McAndrews, M. P., & Smith, M. L. (2019). Do distance-delivery group interventions improve depression in people with epilepsy? Epilepsy & Behavior, 98, 153‐160. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.06.037"
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        {
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        {
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          "ref": "Zu S, Xiang Y-T, Liu J, Zhang L, Wang G, Ma X, et al. A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy, antidepressants, their combination and standard treatment for Chinese patients with moderate–severe major depressive disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2014;152-154:262-7."
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        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Braun, 2021",
          "ref": "Braun, L., Titzler, I., Terhorst, Y., Freund, J., Thielecke, J., Ebert, D. D., & Baumeister, H. (2021, Jan 1). Effectiveness of guided internet-based interventions in the indicated prevention of depression in green professions (PROD-A): Results of a pragmatic randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord, 278, 658-671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.066"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ekkers, 2011",
          "ref": "Ekkers W, Korrelboom K, Huijbrechts I, Smits N, Cuijpers P, Gaag M. Competitive memory training for treating depression and rumination in depressed older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2011;49(10):588-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hum, 2019",
          "ref": "Hum, K. M., Chan, C. J., Gane, J., Conway, L., McAndrews, M. P., & Smith, M. L. (2019). Do distance-delivery group interventions improve depression in people with epilepsy? Epilepsy & Behavior, 98, 153‐160. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.06.037"
        },
        {
          "study": "Janssen, 2023",
          "ref": "Janssen NP, Lucassen P, Huibers MJH, Ekers D, Broekman T, Bosmans JE, et al. Behavioural Activation versus Treatment as Usual for Depressed Older Adults in Primary Care: A Pragmatic Cluster-Randomised Controlled Trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2023."
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        {
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          "ref": "Kemmeren, L. L., van Schaik, A., Draisma, S., Kleiboer, A., Riper, H., & Smit, J. H. (2023). Effectiveness of Blended Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Treatment as Usual for Depression in Routine Specialized Mental Healthcare: E-COMPARED Trial in the Netherlands. Cognitive Therapy and Research. doi:10.1007/s10608-023-10363-y"
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        {
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          "ref": "Krämer, R., Köhne-Voll, , L., Schumacher, A., & Köhler, S. Efficacy of an online intervention for treatment of depressive disorders: a three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing guided and unguided self-help with waitlist control. JMIR Form Res."
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        {
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          "ref": "Nakagawa, A., Mitsuda, D., Sado, M., Abe, T., Fujisawa, D., Kikuchi, T., . . . Ono, Y. (2017). Effectiveness of supplementary cognitive-behavioral therapy for pharmacotherapy-resistant depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of clinical psychiatry, 78(8), 1126-1135"
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        {
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          "ref": "Nakao, S., Nakagawa, A., Oguchi, Y., Mitsuda, D., Kato, N., Nakagawa, Y., Tamura, N., Kudo, Y., Abe, T., Hiyama, M., Iwashita, S., Ono, Y., & Mimura, M. Web-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Blended With Face-to-Face Sessions for Major Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(9), e10743."
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        {
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          "ref": "Reins, J. A., Boß, L., Lehr, D., Berking, M., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). The more I got, the less I need? Efficacy of Internet-based guided self-help compared to online psychoeducation for major depressive disorder. Journal of, 246, 695-705. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.065"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schlicker, 2020",
          "ref": "Schlicker S, Baumeister H, Buntrock C, et al. A web- And mobile-based intervention for comorbid, recurrent depression in patients with chronic back pain on sick leave (get.back): Pilot randomized controlled trial on feasibility, user satisfaction, and effectiveness. JMIR Mental Health. 2020;7(4)."
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        {
          "study": "Thielecke, 2024",
          "ref": "Thielecke, J., Buntrock, C., Titzler, I., Braun, L., Freund, J., Berking, M., . . . Ebert, D. D. (2024). Telephone coaching for the prevention of depression in farmers: Results from a pragmatic randomized controlled trial. J Telemed Telecare, 30(6), 918-930. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633x221106027"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zu, 2014",
          "ref": "Zu S, Xiang Y-T, Liu J, Zhang L, Wang G, Ma X, et al. A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy, antidepressants, their combination and standard treatment for Chinese patients with moderate–severe major depressive disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2014;152-154:262-7."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1848,
      "instr": "SADS",
      "full": "Social Avoidance and Distress Scale",
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      "k_es": 9,
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        {
          "study": "Botella, 2010",
          "ref": "Botella, C., Gallego, M. J., Garcia-Palacios, A., Guillen, V., Baños, R. M., Quero, S., & Alcañiz, M. (2010). An Internet-based self-help treatment for fear of public speaking: a controlled trial. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw, 13(4), 407-421. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2009.0224 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Gallego, 2011",
          "ref": "Gallego, M. J., Gerardus Emmelkamp, P. M., van der Kooij, M., & Mees, H. (2011). The effects of a Dutch version of an Internet-based treatment program for fear of public speaking: A controlled study. Int J Clin Health Psychol, 11(3), 459-472. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/337/33719289003.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hope, 1995",
          "ref": "Hope, D. A., Heimberg, R. G., & Bruch, M. A. (1995). Dismantling cognitive-behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Behav Res Ther, 33(6), 637-650. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(95)00013-n "
        },
        {
          "study": "Newman, 1994",
          "ref": "Newman, M. G., Hofmann, S. G., Trabert, W., Roth, W. T., & Taylor, C. B. (1994). Does behavioral treatment of social phobia lead to cognitive changes? Behav Ther, 25(3), 503-517. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80160-1 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Salaberria, 1998",
          "ref": "Salaberria, K., & Echeburua, E. (1998). Long-term outcome of cognitive therapy's contribution to self-exposure in vivo to the treatment of generalized social phobia. Behav Modif, 22(3), 262-284. https://doi.org/10.1177/01454455980223003 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1849,
      "instr": "SADS",
      "full": "Social Avoidance and Distress Scale",
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      "sg": "No subgroup",
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      "k_es": 9,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Botella, 2010",
          "ref": "Botella, C., Gallego, M. J., Garcia-Palacios, A., Guillen, V., Baños, R. M., Quero, S., & Alcañiz, M. (2010). An Internet-based self-help treatment for fear of public speaking: a controlled trial. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw, 13(4), 407-421. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2009.0224 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Gallego, 2011",
          "ref": "Gallego, M. J., Gerardus Emmelkamp, P. M., van der Kooij, M., & Mees, H. (2011). The effects of a Dutch version of an Internet-based treatment program for fear of public speaking: A controlled study. Int J Clin Health Psychol, 11(3), 459-472. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/337/33719289003.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hope, 1995",
          "ref": "Hope, D. A., Heimberg, R. G., & Bruch, M. A. (1995). Dismantling cognitive-behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Behav Res Ther, 33(6), 637-650. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(95)00013-n "
        },
        {
          "study": "Newman, 1994",
          "ref": "Newman, M. G., Hofmann, S. G., Trabert, W., Roth, W. T., & Taylor, C. B. (1994). Does behavioral treatment of social phobia lead to cognitive changes? Behav Ther, 25(3), 503-517. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80160-1 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Salaberria, 1998",
          "ref": "Salaberria, K., & Echeburua, E. (1998). Long-term outcome of cognitive therapy's contribution to self-exposure in vivo to the treatment of generalized social phobia. Behav Modif, 22(3), 262-284. https://doi.org/10.1177/01454455980223003 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1850,
      "instr": "SADS",
      "full": "Social Avoidance and Distress Scale",
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      "sg": "No subgroup",
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      "tau2w": null,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Botella, 2010",
          "ref": "Botella, C., Gallego, M. J., Garcia-Palacios, A., Guillen, V., Baños, R. M., Quero, S., & Alcañiz, M. (2010). An Internet-based self-help treatment for fear of public speaking: a controlled trial. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw, 13(4), 407-421. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2009.0224 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Gallego, 2011",
          "ref": "Gallego, M. J., Gerardus Emmelkamp, P. M., van der Kooij, M., & Mees, H. (2011). The effects of a Dutch version of an Internet-based treatment program for fear of public speaking: A controlled study. Int J Clin Health Psychol, 11(3), 459-472. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/337/33719289003.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hope, 1995",
          "ref": "Hope, D. A., Heimberg, R. G., & Bruch, M. A. (1995). Dismantling cognitive-behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Behav Res Ther, 33(6), 637-650. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(95)00013-n "
        },
        {
          "study": "Newman, 1994",
          "ref": "Newman, M. G., Hofmann, S. G., Trabert, W., Roth, W. T., & Taylor, C. B. (1994). Does behavioral treatment of social phobia lead to cognitive changes? Behav Ther, 25(3), 503-517. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80160-1 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Salaberria, 1998",
          "ref": "Salaberria, K., & Echeburua, E. (1998). Long-term outcome of cognitive therapy's contribution to self-exposure in vivo to the treatment of generalized social phobia. Behav Modif, 22(3), 262-284. https://doi.org/10.1177/01454455980223003 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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          "ref": "Salaberria, K., & Echeburua, E. (1998). Long-term outcome of cognitive therapy's contribution to self-exposure in vivo to the treatment of generalized social phobia. Behav Modif, 22(3), 262-284. https://doi.org/10.1177/01454455980223003 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1870,
      "instr": "SADS",
      "full": "Social Avoidance and Distress Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Not low risk of bias",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 6,
      "k_es": 9,
      "sd": 5.895,
      "lo": 3.962,
      "hi": 8.773,
      "tau2": 0.123,
      "tau2w": 0.0093,
      "plo": 2.715,
      "phi": 12.799,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Botella, 2010",
          "ref": "Botella, C., Gallego, M. J., Garcia-Palacios, A., Guillen, V., Baños, R. M., Quero, S., & Alcañiz, M. (2010). An Internet-based self-help treatment for fear of public speaking: a controlled trial. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw, 13(4), 407-421. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2009.0224 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Gallego, 2011",
          "ref": "Gallego, M. J., Gerardus Emmelkamp, P. M., van der Kooij, M., & Mees, H. (2011). The effects of a Dutch version of an Internet-based treatment program for fear of public speaking: A controlled study. Int J Clin Health Psychol, 11(3), 459-472. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/337/33719289003.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hope, 1995",
          "ref": "Hope, D. A., Heimberg, R. G., & Bruch, M. A. (1995). Dismantling cognitive-behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Behav Res Ther, 33(6), 637-650. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(95)00013-n "
        },
        {
          "study": "Newman, 1994",
          "ref": "Newman, M. G., Hofmann, S. G., Trabert, W., Roth, W. T., & Taylor, C. B. (1994). Does behavioral treatment of social phobia lead to cognitive changes? Behav Ther, 25(3), 503-517. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80160-1 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Salaberria, 1998",
          "ref": "Salaberria, K., & Echeburua, E. (1998). Long-term outcome of cognitive therapy's contribution to self-exposure in vivo to the treatment of generalized social phobia. Behav Modif, 22(3), 262-284. https://doi.org/10.1177/01454455980223003 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1871,
      "instr": "SANS-negative",
      "full": "Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 15,
      "k_es": 17,
      "sd": 12.843,
      "lo": 9.159,
      "hi": 18.009,
      "tau2": 0.4383,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.36,
      "phi": 49.093,
      "i2": 98.5,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Bradley,2006",
          "ref": "Bradley GM, Couchman GM, Perlesz A, Nguyen AT, Singh B, Riess C. Multiple-family group treatment for families living with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2006;57(4):521–30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Craig,2018",
          "ref": "Craig, T. K., Rus-Calafell, M., Ward, T., Leff, J. P., Huckvale, M., Howarth, E., Emsley, R., & Garety, P. A. (2018). AVATAR therapy for auditory verbal hallucinations in people with psychosis: a single-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Psychiatry, 5(1), 31-40. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(17)30427-3 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dickinson,2010",
          "ref": "Dickinson D, Ph D, Tenhula W, Ph D, Morris S, Ph D, et al. A randomized , controlled trial of computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:170–80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Favrod,2019",
          "ref": "Favrod, J., Rexhaj, S., Bardy, S., Ferrari, P., Hayoz, C., Moritz, S., ... & Bonsack, C. (2014). Sustained antipsychotic effect of metacognitive training in psychosis: a randomized-controlled study. European Psychiatry, 29(5), 275-281."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fisher,2023",
          "ref": "Fisher, M., Etter, K., Murray, A., Ghiasi, N., LaCross, K., Ramsay, I., Currie, A., Fitzpatrick, K., Biagianti, B., Schlosser, D., Loewy, R., & Vinogradov, S. (2023). The Effects of Remote Cognitive Training Combined With a Mobile App Intervention on Psychosis: Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25(1). https://doi.org/doi:10.2196/48634"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes,1995",
          "ref": "Hayes RL, Halford WK, Varghese FT. Social skills training with chronic schizophrenic patients: Effects on _negative symptoms and community functioning. Behav Ther. 1995;26:433–49."
        },
        {
          "study": "Matsui,2009",
          "ref": "Matsui, M., Arai, H., Yonezawa, M., Sumiyoshi, T., Suzuki, M., & Kurachi, M. (2009). The effects of cognitive rehabilitation on social knowledge in patients with schizophrenia. Applied neuropsychology, 16(3), 158-164."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ng,2006",
          "ref": "Ng RMK, Cheung MSL. Social skills training in Hong Kong Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia. Hong Kong J Pscyhiatry. 2006;16(1):14–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Norman,2002",
          "ref": "Norman, R. M., Malla, A. K., McLean, T. S., McIntosh, E. M., Neufeld, R. W. J., Voruganti, L. P., & Cortese, L. (2002). An evaluation of a stress management program for individuals with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia research, 58(2-3), 293-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "Park,2020",
          "ref": "Park, S., Lee, H. K., & Kim, H. (2020). Effects of a Korean version of the metacognitive training program for outpatients with schizophrenia on theory of mind, positive symptoms, and interpersonal relationships. Behav Cogn Psychother, 48(1), 14-24. https://doi.org/doi:10.1017/s1352465819000560 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pinto,1999",
          "ref": "Pinto, A., Pia, S. L., Mennella, R., Giorgio, D., & DeSimone, L. (1999). Rehab rounds: cognitive-behavioral therapy and clozapine for clients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services, 50(7), 901-904. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaub,2016",
          "ref": "Schaub A, Mueser KT, Werder T Von, Engel R, Möller H, Falkai P. A randomized controlled trial of group coping-oriented therapy vs supportive therapy in schizophrenia : Results of a 2- Year Follow-up. Schizophr Bull. 2016;42(1):s71-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sensky,2000",
          "ref": "Sensky T, Turkington D, Kingdon D, Scott JL, Scott J, Siddle R, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for persistent symptoms in schizophrenia resistant to medication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57:165–72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Startup,2004",
          "ref": "Startup M, Jackson MC, Bendix S. North Wales randomized controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy for acute schizophrenia spectrum disorders : outcomes at 6 and 12 months. Psychol Med. 2004;34:413–22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier,1998,1999",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Witttkowskj, A., Kinney, C., McCarthy, E., Morris, J., & Humphreys, L. (1999). Durability of the effects of cognitive–behavioural therapy in the treatment of chronic schizophrenia: 12-month follow-up. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 174(6), 500-504."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1872,
      "instr": "SANS-negative",
      "full": "Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Three-level CHE model",
      "k": 15,
      "k_es": 17,
      "sd": 12.842,
      "lo": 8.871,
      "hi": 18.591,
      "tau2": 0.436,
      "tau2w": 0.0024,
      "plo": 3.359,
      "phi": 49.096,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Bradley,2006",
          "ref": "Bradley GM, Couchman GM, Perlesz A, Nguyen AT, Singh B, Riess C. Multiple-family group treatment for families living with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2006;57(4):521–30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Craig,2018",
          "ref": "Craig, T. K., Rus-Calafell, M., Ward, T., Leff, J. P., Huckvale, M., Howarth, E., Emsley, R., & Garety, P. A. (2018). AVATAR therapy for auditory verbal hallucinations in people with psychosis: a single-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Psychiatry, 5(1), 31-40. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(17)30427-3 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dickinson,2010",
          "ref": "Dickinson D, Ph D, Tenhula W, Ph D, Morris S, Ph D, et al. A randomized , controlled trial of computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:170–80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Favrod,2019",
          "ref": "Favrod, J., Rexhaj, S., Bardy, S., Ferrari, P., Hayoz, C., Moritz, S., ... & Bonsack, C. (2014). Sustained antipsychotic effect of metacognitive training in psychosis: a randomized-controlled study. European Psychiatry, 29(5), 275-281."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fisher,2023",
          "ref": "Fisher, M., Etter, K., Murray, A., Ghiasi, N., LaCross, K., Ramsay, I., Currie, A., Fitzpatrick, K., Biagianti, B., Schlosser, D., Loewy, R., & Vinogradov, S. (2023). The Effects of Remote Cognitive Training Combined With a Mobile App Intervention on Psychosis: Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25(1). https://doi.org/doi:10.2196/48634"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes,1995",
          "ref": "Hayes RL, Halford WK, Varghese FT. Social skills training with chronic schizophrenic patients: Effects on _negative symptoms and community functioning. Behav Ther. 1995;26:433–49."
        },
        {
          "study": "Matsui,2009",
          "ref": "Matsui, M., Arai, H., Yonezawa, M., Sumiyoshi, T., Suzuki, M., & Kurachi, M. (2009). The effects of cognitive rehabilitation on social knowledge in patients with schizophrenia. Applied neuropsychology, 16(3), 158-164."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ng,2006",
          "ref": "Ng RMK, Cheung MSL. Social skills training in Hong Kong Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia. Hong Kong J Pscyhiatry. 2006;16(1):14–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Norman,2002",
          "ref": "Norman, R. M., Malla, A. K., McLean, T. S., McIntosh, E. M., Neufeld, R. W. J., Voruganti, L. P., & Cortese, L. (2002). An evaluation of a stress management program for individuals with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia research, 58(2-3), 293-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "Park,2020",
          "ref": "Park, S., Lee, H. K., & Kim, H. (2020). Effects of a Korean version of the metacognitive training program for outpatients with schizophrenia on theory of mind, positive symptoms, and interpersonal relationships. Behav Cogn Psychother, 48(1), 14-24. https://doi.org/doi:10.1017/s1352465819000560 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pinto,1999",
          "ref": "Pinto, A., Pia, S. L., Mennella, R., Giorgio, D., & DeSimone, L. (1999). Rehab rounds: cognitive-behavioral therapy and clozapine for clients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services, 50(7), 901-904. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaub,2016",
          "ref": "Schaub A, Mueser KT, Werder T Von, Engel R, Möller H, Falkai P. A randomized controlled trial of group coping-oriented therapy vs supportive therapy in schizophrenia : Results of a 2- Year Follow-up. Schizophr Bull. 2016;42(1):s71-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sensky,2000",
          "ref": "Sensky T, Turkington D, Kingdon D, Scott JL, Scott J, Siddle R, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for persistent symptoms in schizophrenia resistant to medication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57:165–72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Startup,2004",
          "ref": "Startup M, Jackson MC, Bendix S. North Wales randomized controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy for acute schizophrenia spectrum disorders : outcomes at 6 and 12 months. Psychol Med. 2004;34:413–22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier,1998,1999",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Witttkowskj, A., Kinney, C., McCarthy, E., Morris, J., & Humphreys, L. (1999). Durability of the effects of cognitive–behavioural therapy in the treatment of chronic schizophrenia: 12-month follow-up. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 174(6), 500-504."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1873,
      "instr": "SANS-negative",
      "full": "Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Fixed-effect",
      "k": 15,
      "k_es": 17,
      "sd": 13.577,
      "lo": 13.032,
      "hi": 14.145,
      "tau2": null,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": null,
      "phi": null,
      "i2": 98.5,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Bradley,2006",
          "ref": "Bradley GM, Couchman GM, Perlesz A, Nguyen AT, Singh B, Riess C. Multiple-family group treatment for families living with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2006;57(4):521–30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Craig,2018",
          "ref": "Craig, T. K., Rus-Calafell, M., Ward, T., Leff, J. P., Huckvale, M., Howarth, E., Emsley, R., & Garety, P. A. (2018). AVATAR therapy for auditory verbal hallucinations in people with psychosis: a single-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Psychiatry, 5(1), 31-40. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(17)30427-3 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dickinson,2010",
          "ref": "Dickinson D, Ph D, Tenhula W, Ph D, Morris S, Ph D, et al. A randomized , controlled trial of computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:170–80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Favrod,2019",
          "ref": "Favrod, J., Rexhaj, S., Bardy, S., Ferrari, P., Hayoz, C., Moritz, S., ... & Bonsack, C. (2014). Sustained antipsychotic effect of metacognitive training in psychosis: a randomized-controlled study. European Psychiatry, 29(5), 275-281."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fisher,2023",
          "ref": "Fisher, M., Etter, K., Murray, A., Ghiasi, N., LaCross, K., Ramsay, I., Currie, A., Fitzpatrick, K., Biagianti, B., Schlosser, D., Loewy, R., & Vinogradov, S. (2023). The Effects of Remote Cognitive Training Combined With a Mobile App Intervention on Psychosis: Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25(1). https://doi.org/doi:10.2196/48634"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes,1995",
          "ref": "Hayes RL, Halford WK, Varghese FT. Social skills training with chronic schizophrenic patients: Effects on _negative symptoms and community functioning. Behav Ther. 1995;26:433–49."
        },
        {
          "study": "Matsui,2009",
          "ref": "Matsui, M., Arai, H., Yonezawa, M., Sumiyoshi, T., Suzuki, M., & Kurachi, M. (2009). The effects of cognitive rehabilitation on social knowledge in patients with schizophrenia. Applied neuropsychology, 16(3), 158-164."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ng,2006",
          "ref": "Ng RMK, Cheung MSL. Social skills training in Hong Kong Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia. Hong Kong J Pscyhiatry. 2006;16(1):14–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Norman,2002",
          "ref": "Norman, R. M., Malla, A. K., McLean, T. S., McIntosh, E. M., Neufeld, R. W. J., Voruganti, L. P., & Cortese, L. (2002). An evaluation of a stress management program for individuals with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia research, 58(2-3), 293-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "Park,2020",
          "ref": "Park, S., Lee, H. K., & Kim, H. (2020). Effects of a Korean version of the metacognitive training program for outpatients with schizophrenia on theory of mind, positive symptoms, and interpersonal relationships. Behav Cogn Psychother, 48(1), 14-24. https://doi.org/doi:10.1017/s1352465819000560 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pinto,1999",
          "ref": "Pinto, A., Pia, S. L., Mennella, R., Giorgio, D., & DeSimone, L. (1999). Rehab rounds: cognitive-behavioral therapy and clozapine for clients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services, 50(7), 901-904. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaub,2016",
          "ref": "Schaub A, Mueser KT, Werder T Von, Engel R, Möller H, Falkai P. A randomized controlled trial of group coping-oriented therapy vs supportive therapy in schizophrenia : Results of a 2- Year Follow-up. Schizophr Bull. 2016;42(1):s71-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sensky,2000",
          "ref": "Sensky T, Turkington D, Kingdon D, Scott JL, Scott J, Siddle R, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for persistent symptoms in schizophrenia resistant to medication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57:165–72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Startup,2004",
          "ref": "Startup M, Jackson MC, Bendix S. North Wales randomized controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy for acute schizophrenia spectrum disorders : outcomes at 6 and 12 months. Psychol Med. 2004;34:413–22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier,1998,1999",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Witttkowskj, A., Kinney, C., McCarthy, E., Morris, J., & Humphreys, L. (1999). Durability of the effects of cognitive–behavioural therapy in the treatment of chronic schizophrenia: 12-month follow-up. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 174(6), 500-504."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1874,
      "instr": "SANS-negative",
      "full": "Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Outliers removed (sensitivity)",
      "k": 10,
      "k_es": 10,
      "sd": 16.419,
      "lo": 14.786,
      "hi": 18.232,
      "tau2": 0.0207,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 12.152,
      "phi": 22.185,
      "i2": 74.8,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Bradley,2006",
          "ref": "Bradley GM, Couchman GM, Perlesz A, Nguyen AT, Singh B, Riess C. Multiple-family group treatment for families living with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2006;57(4):521–30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Craig,2018",
          "ref": "Craig, T. K., Rus-Calafell, M., Ward, T., Leff, J. P., Huckvale, M., Howarth, E., Emsley, R., & Garety, P. A. (2018). AVATAR therapy for auditory verbal hallucinations in people with psychosis: a single-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Psychiatry, 5(1), 31-40. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(17)30427-3 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dickinson,2010",
          "ref": "Dickinson D, Ph D, Tenhula W, Ph D, Morris S, Ph D, et al. A randomized , controlled trial of computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:170–80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Favrod,2019",
          "ref": "Favrod, J., Rexhaj, S., Bardy, S., Ferrari, P., Hayoz, C., Moritz, S., ... & Bonsack, C. (2014). Sustained antipsychotic effect of metacognitive training in psychosis: a randomized-controlled study. European Psychiatry, 29(5), 275-281."
        },
        {
          "study": "Matsui,2009",
          "ref": "Matsui, M., Arai, H., Yonezawa, M., Sumiyoshi, T., Suzuki, M., & Kurachi, M. (2009). The effects of cognitive rehabilitation on social knowledge in patients with schizophrenia. Applied neuropsychology, 16(3), 158-164."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ng,2006",
          "ref": "Ng RMK, Cheung MSL. Social skills training in Hong Kong Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia. Hong Kong J Pscyhiatry. 2006;16(1):14–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Norman,2002",
          "ref": "Norman, R. M., Malla, A. K., McLean, T. S., McIntosh, E. M., Neufeld, R. W. J., Voruganti, L. P., & Cortese, L. (2002). An evaluation of a stress management program for individuals with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia research, 58(2-3), 293-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "Park,2020",
          "ref": "Park, S., Lee, H. K., & Kim, H. (2020). Effects of a Korean version of the metacognitive training program for outpatients with schizophrenia on theory of mind, positive symptoms, and interpersonal relationships. Behav Cogn Psychother, 48(1), 14-24. https://doi.org/doi:10.1017/s1352465819000560 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pinto,1999",
          "ref": "Pinto, A., Pia, S. L., Mennella, R., Giorgio, D., & DeSimone, L. (1999). Rehab rounds: cognitive-behavioral therapy and clozapine for clients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services, 50(7), 901-904. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Sensky,2000",
          "ref": "Sensky T, Turkington D, Kingdon D, Scott JL, Scott J, Siddle R, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for persistent symptoms in schizophrenia resistant to medication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57:165–72."
        }
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    },
    {
      "id": 1875,
      "instr": "SANS-negative",
      "full": "Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms",
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      "sg": "No subgroup",
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      "model": "Influence analysis (sensitivity)",
      "k": 15,
      "k_es": 17,
      "sd": 12.843,
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      "phi": 49.093,
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      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Bradley,2006",
          "ref": "Bradley GM, Couchman GM, Perlesz A, Nguyen AT, Singh B, Riess C. Multiple-family group treatment for families living with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2006;57(4):521–30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Craig,2018",
          "ref": "Craig, T. K., Rus-Calafell, M., Ward, T., Leff, J. P., Huckvale, M., Howarth, E., Emsley, R., & Garety, P. A. (2018). AVATAR therapy for auditory verbal hallucinations in people with psychosis: a single-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Psychiatry, 5(1), 31-40. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(17)30427-3 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dickinson,2010",
          "ref": "Dickinson D, Ph D, Tenhula W, Ph D, Morris S, Ph D, et al. A randomized , controlled trial of computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:170–80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Favrod,2019",
          "ref": "Favrod, J., Rexhaj, S., Bardy, S., Ferrari, P., Hayoz, C., Moritz, S., ... & Bonsack, C. (2014). Sustained antipsychotic effect of metacognitive training in psychosis: a randomized-controlled study. European Psychiatry, 29(5), 275-281."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fisher,2023",
          "ref": "Fisher, M., Etter, K., Murray, A., Ghiasi, N., LaCross, K., Ramsay, I., Currie, A., Fitzpatrick, K., Biagianti, B., Schlosser, D., Loewy, R., & Vinogradov, S. (2023). The Effects of Remote Cognitive Training Combined With a Mobile App Intervention on Psychosis: Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25(1). https://doi.org/doi:10.2196/48634"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes,1995",
          "ref": "Hayes RL, Halford WK, Varghese FT. Social skills training with chronic schizophrenic patients: Effects on _negative symptoms and community functioning. Behav Ther. 1995;26:433–49."
        },
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        {
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          "ref": "Fisher, M., Etter, K., Murray, A., Ghiasi, N., LaCross, K., Ramsay, I., Currie, A., Fitzpatrick, K., Biagianti, B., Schlosser, D., Loewy, R., & Vinogradov, S. (2023). The Effects of Remote Cognitive Training Combined With a Mobile App Intervention on Psychosis: Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25(1). https://doi.org/doi:10.2196/48634"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes,1995",
          "ref": "Hayes RL, Halford WK, Varghese FT. Social skills training with chronic schizophrenic patients: Effects on _negative symptoms and community functioning. Behav Ther. 1995;26:433–49."
        },
        {
          "study": "Matsui,2009",
          "ref": "Matsui, M., Arai, H., Yonezawa, M., Sumiyoshi, T., Suzuki, M., & Kurachi, M. (2009). The effects of cognitive rehabilitation on social knowledge in patients with schizophrenia. Applied neuropsychology, 16(3), 158-164."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ng,2006",
          "ref": "Ng RMK, Cheung MSL. Social skills training in Hong Kong Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia. Hong Kong J Pscyhiatry. 2006;16(1):14–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Norman,2002",
          "ref": "Norman, R. M., Malla, A. K., McLean, T. S., McIntosh, E. M., Neufeld, R. W. J., Voruganti, L. P., & Cortese, L. (2002). An evaluation of a stress management program for individuals with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia research, 58(2-3), 293-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "Park,2020",
          "ref": "Park, S., Lee, H. K., & Kim, H. (2020). Effects of a Korean version of the metacognitive training program for outpatients with schizophrenia on theory of mind, positive symptoms, and interpersonal relationships. Behav Cogn Psychother, 48(1), 14-24. https://doi.org/doi:10.1017/s1352465819000560 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pinto,1999",
          "ref": "Pinto, A., Pia, S. L., Mennella, R., Giorgio, D., & DeSimone, L. (1999). Rehab rounds: cognitive-behavioral therapy and clozapine for clients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services, 50(7), 901-904. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaub,2016",
          "ref": "Schaub A, Mueser KT, Werder T Von, Engel R, Möller H, Falkai P. A randomized controlled trial of group coping-oriented therapy vs supportive therapy in schizophrenia : Results of a 2- Year Follow-up. Schizophr Bull. 2016;42(1):s71-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sensky,2000",
          "ref": "Sensky T, Turkington D, Kingdon D, Scott JL, Scott J, Siddle R, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for persistent symptoms in schizophrenia resistant to medication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57:165–72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Startup,2004",
          "ref": "Startup M, Jackson MC, Bendix S. North Wales randomized controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy for acute schizophrenia spectrum disorders : outcomes at 6 and 12 months. Psychol Med. 2004;34:413–22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier,1998,1999",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Witttkowskj, A., Kinney, C., McCarthy, E., Morris, J., & Humphreys, L. (1999). Durability of the effects of cognitive–behavioural therapy in the treatment of chronic schizophrenia: 12-month follow-up. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 174(6), 500-504."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Fisher,2023",
          "ref": "Fisher, M., Etter, K., Murray, A., Ghiasi, N., LaCross, K., Ramsay, I., Currie, A., Fitzpatrick, K., Biagianti, B., Schlosser, D., Loewy, R., & Vinogradov, S. (2023). The Effects of Remote Cognitive Training Combined With a Mobile App Intervention on Psychosis: Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25(1). https://doi.org/doi:10.2196/48634"
        },
        {
          "study": "Matsui,2009",
          "ref": "Matsui, M., Arai, H., Yonezawa, M., Sumiyoshi, T., Suzuki, M., & Kurachi, M. (2009). The effects of cognitive rehabilitation on social knowledge in patients with schizophrenia. Applied neuropsychology, 16(3), 158-164."
        },
        {
          "study": "Norman,2002",
          "ref": "Norman, R. M., Malla, A. K., McLean, T. S., McIntosh, E. M., Neufeld, R. W. J., Voruganti, L. P., & Cortese, L. (2002). An evaluation of a stress management program for individuals with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia research, 58(2-3), 293-303."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Park, S., Lee, H. K., & Kim, H. (2020). Effects of a Korean version of the metacognitive training program for outpatients with schizophrenia on theory of mind, positive symptoms, and interpersonal relationships. Behav Cogn Psychother, 48(1), 14-24. https://doi.org/doi:10.1017/s1352465819000560 "
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Pinto, A., Pia, S. L., Mennella, R., Giorgio, D., & DeSimone, L. (1999). Rehab rounds: cognitive-behavioral therapy and clozapine for clients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services, 50(7), 901-904. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang,2015",
          "ref": "Wang, F. Z., Luo, D., Kan, W., & Wang, Y. (2015). Combined intervention with education and progressive muscle relaxation on quality of life, functional disability, and positive symptoms in patients with acute schizophrenia. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 21(3), 159-165."
        }
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        {
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          "ref": "Park, S., Lee, H. K., & Kim, H. (2020). Effects of a Korean version of the metacognitive training program for outpatients with schizophrenia on theory of mind, positive symptoms, and interpersonal relationships. Behav Cogn Psychother, 48(1), 14-24. https://doi.org/doi:10.1017/s1352465819000560 "
        },
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        },
        {
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          "ref": "Wang, F. Z., Luo, D., Kan, W., & Wang, Y. (2015). Combined intervention with education and progressive muscle relaxation on quality of life, functional disability, and positive symptoms in patients with acute schizophrenia. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 21(3), 159-165."
        }
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        {
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          "ref": "Wang, F. Z., Luo, D., Kan, W., & Wang, Y. (2015). Combined intervention with education and progressive muscle relaxation on quality of life, functional disability, and positive symptoms in patients with acute schizophrenia. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 21(3), 159-165."
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        {
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          "ref": "Matsui, M., Arai, H., Yonezawa, M., Sumiyoshi, T., Suzuki, M., & Kurachi, M. (2009). The effects of cognitive rehabilitation on social knowledge in patients with schizophrenia. Applied neuropsychology, 16(3), 158-164."
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          "ref": "Norman, R. M., Malla, A. K., McLean, T. S., McIntosh, E. M., Neufeld, R. W. J., Voruganti, L. P., & Cortese, L. (2002). An evaluation of a stress management program for individuals with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia research, 58(2-3), 293-303."
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          "ref": "Matsui, M., Arai, H., Yonezawa, M., Sumiyoshi, T., Suzuki, M., & Kurachi, M. (2009). The effects of cognitive rehabilitation on social knowledge in patients with schizophrenia. Applied neuropsychology, 16(3), 158-164."
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        {
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          "ref": "Matsui, M., Arai, H., Yonezawa, M., Sumiyoshi, T., Suzuki, M., & Kurachi, M. (2009). The effects of cognitive rehabilitation on social knowledge in patients with schizophrenia. Applied neuropsychology, 16(3), 158-164."
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        {
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          "ref": "Wang, F. Z., Luo, D., Kan, W., & Wang, Y. (2015). Combined intervention with education and progressive muscle relaxation on quality of life, functional disability, and positive symptoms in patients with acute schizophrenia. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 21(3), 159-165."
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        {
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          "ref": "Matsui, M., Arai, H., Yonezawa, M., Sumiyoshi, T., Suzuki, M., & Kurachi, M. (2009). The effects of cognitive rehabilitation on social knowledge in patients with schizophrenia. Applied neuropsychology, 16(3), 158-164."
        },
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          "study": "Dong, 2019",
          "ref": "Dong, X., Sun, G., Zhan, J., Liu, F., Ma, S., Li, P., . . . Liu, Y. (2019). Telephone-based reminiscence therapy for colorectal cancer patients undergoing postoperative chemotherapy complicated with depression: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer, 27(8), 2761-2769. doi:10.1007/s00520-018-4566-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schmidt, 1983",
          "ref": "Schmidt MM, Miller WR. Amount of therapist contact and outcome in a multidimensional depression treatment program. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1983;67(5):319-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1944,
      "instr": "SDS",
      "full": "Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Comorbidity",
      "sgv": "No comorbidity",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 3,
      "k_es": 7,
      "sd": 8.535,
      "lo": 3.533,
      "hi": 20.62,
      "tau2": 0.1163,
      "tau2w": 0.0044,
      "plo": 3.866,
      "phi": 18.844,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Dong, 2019",
          "ref": "Dong, X., Sun, G., Zhan, J., Liu, F., Ma, S., Li, P., . . . Liu, Y. (2019). Telephone-based reminiscence therapy for colorectal cancer patients undergoing postoperative chemotherapy complicated with depression: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer, 27(8), 2761-2769. doi:10.1007/s00520-018-4566-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schmidt, 1983",
          "ref": "Schmidt MM, Miller WR. Amount of therapist contact and outcome in a multidimensional depression treatment program. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1983;67(5):319-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1945,
      "instr": "SDS",
      "full": "Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Rating",
      "sgv": "Self-rated",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 3,
      "k_es": 7,
      "sd": 8.519,
      "lo": 5.694,
      "hi": 12.746,
      "tau2": 0.1182,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.885,
      "phi": 18.681,
      "i2": 94.2,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Dong, 2019",
          "ref": "Dong, X., Sun, G., Zhan, J., Liu, F., Ma, S., Li, P., . . . Liu, Y. (2019). Telephone-based reminiscence therapy for colorectal cancer patients undergoing postoperative chemotherapy complicated with depression: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer, 27(8), 2761-2769. doi:10.1007/s00520-018-4566-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schmidt, 1983",
          "ref": "Schmidt MM, Miller WR. Amount of therapist contact and outcome in a multidimensional depression treatment program. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1983;67(5):319-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1946,
      "instr": "SDS",
      "full": "Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Rating",
      "sgv": "Self-rated",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 3,
      "k_es": 7,
      "sd": 8.535,
      "lo": 3.533,
      "hi": 20.62,
      "tau2": 0.1163,
      "tau2w": 0.0044,
      "plo": 3.866,
      "phi": 18.844,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Dong, 2019",
          "ref": "Dong, X., Sun, G., Zhan, J., Liu, F., Ma, S., Li, P., . . . Liu, Y. (2019). Telephone-based reminiscence therapy for colorectal cancer patients undergoing postoperative chemotherapy complicated with depression: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer, 27(8), 2761-2769. doi:10.1007/s00520-018-4566-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schmidt, 1983",
          "ref": "Schmidt MM, Miller WR. Amount of therapist contact and outcome in a multidimensional depression treatment program. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1983;67(5):319-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1947,
      "instr": "SIAS",
      "full": "Social Interaction Anxiety Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 28,
      "k_es": 41,
      "sd": 13.471,
      "lo": 12.666,
      "hi": 14.327,
      "tau2": 0.019,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 10.21,
      "phi": 17.774,
      "i2": 73.7,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abramowitz, 2009",
          "ref": "Abramowitz, J. S., Moore, E. L., Braddock, A. E., & Harrington, D. L. (2009). Self-help cognitive-behavioral therapy with minimal therapist contact for social phobia: a controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 40(1), 98-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.04.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2022",
          "ref": "Kim, H., Kim, B. H., Kim, M. K., Eom, H., & Kim, J. J. (2022). Alteration of resting-state functional connectivity network properties in patients with social anxiety disorder after virtual reality-based self-training [Article]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959696 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Nilsson, 2012",
          "ref": "Nilsson, J. E., Lundh, L. G., & Viborg, G. (2012). Imagery rescripting of early memories in social anxiety disorder: an experimental study. Behav Res Ther, 50(6), 387-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2012.03.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schwob, 2023",
          "ref": "Schwob, J. T., & Newman, M. G. (2023). Brief imaginal exposure exercises for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial of a self-help momentary intervention app. J Anxiety Disord, 98, 102749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102749 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zainal, 2021",
          "ref": "Zainal, N. H., Chan, W. W., Saxena, A. P., Taylor, C. B., & Newman, M. G. (2021). Pilot randomized trial of self-guided virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 147, 103984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2021.103984 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1948,
      "instr": "SIAS",
      "full": "Social Interaction Anxiety Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Three-level CHE model",
      "k": 28,
      "k_es": 41,
      "sd": 13.474,
      "lo": 12.632,
      "hi": 14.371,
      "tau2": 0.0188,
      "tau2w": 0.0003,
      "plo": 10.207,
      "phi": 17.785,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abramowitz, 2009",
          "ref": "Abramowitz, J. S., Moore, E. L., Braddock, A. E., & Harrington, D. L. (2009). Self-help cognitive-behavioral therapy with minimal therapist contact for social phobia: a controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 40(1), 98-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.04.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2022",
          "ref": "Kim, H., Kim, B. H., Kim, M. K., Eom, H., & Kim, J. J. (2022). Alteration of resting-state functional connectivity network properties in patients with social anxiety disorder after virtual reality-based self-training [Article]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959696 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Nilsson, 2012",
          "ref": "Nilsson, J. E., Lundh, L. G., & Viborg, G. (2012). Imagery rescripting of early memories in social anxiety disorder: an experimental study. Behav Res Ther, 50(6), 387-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2012.03.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schwob, 2023",
          "ref": "Schwob, J. T., & Newman, M. G. (2023). Brief imaginal exposure exercises for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial of a self-help momentary intervention app. J Anxiety Disord, 98, 102749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102749 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zainal, 2021",
          "ref": "Zainal, N. H., Chan, W. W., Saxena, A. P., Taylor, C. B., & Newman, M. G. (2021). Pilot randomized trial of self-guided virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 147, 103984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2021.103984 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1949,
      "instr": "SIAS",
      "full": "Social Interaction Anxiety Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Fixed-effect",
      "k": 28,
      "k_es": 41,
      "sd": 13.921,
      "lo": 13.506,
      "hi": 14.349,
      "tau2": null,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": null,
      "phi": null,
      "i2": 69.4,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abramowitz, 2009",
          "ref": "Abramowitz, J. S., Moore, E. L., Braddock, A. E., & Harrington, D. L. (2009). Self-help cognitive-behavioral therapy with minimal therapist contact for social phobia: a controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 40(1), 98-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.04.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2022",
          "ref": "Kim, H., Kim, B. H., Kim, M. K., Eom, H., & Kim, J. J. (2022). Alteration of resting-state functional connectivity network properties in patients with social anxiety disorder after virtual reality-based self-training [Article]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959696 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Nilsson, 2012",
          "ref": "Nilsson, J. E., Lundh, L. G., & Viborg, G. (2012). Imagery rescripting of early memories in social anxiety disorder: an experimental study. Behav Res Ther, 50(6), 387-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2012.03.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schwob, 2023",
          "ref": "Schwob, J. T., & Newman, M. G. (2023). Brief imaginal exposure exercises for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial of a self-help momentary intervention app. J Anxiety Disord, 98, 102749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102749 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zainal, 2021",
          "ref": "Zainal, N. H., Chan, W. W., Saxena, A. P., Taylor, C. B., & Newman, M. G. (2021). Pilot randomized trial of self-guided virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 147, 103984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2021.103984 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1950,
      "instr": "SIAS",
      "full": "Social Interaction Anxiety Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Outliers removed (sensitivity)",
      "k": 24,
      "k_es": 35,
      "sd": 13.755,
      "lo": 13.196,
      "hi": 14.338,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abramowitz, 2009",
          "ref": "Abramowitz, J. S., Moore, E. L., Braddock, A. E., & Harrington, D. L. (2009). Self-help cognitive-behavioral therapy with minimal therapist contact for social phobia: a controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 40(1), 98-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.04.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2022",
          "ref": "Kim, H., Kim, B. H., Kim, M. K., Eom, H., & Kim, J. J. (2022). Alteration of resting-state functional connectivity network properties in patients with social anxiety disorder after virtual reality-based self-training [Article]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959696 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Nilsson, 2012",
          "ref": "Nilsson, J. E., Lundh, L. G., & Viborg, G. (2012). Imagery rescripting of early memories in social anxiety disorder: an experimental study. Behav Res Ther, 50(6), 387-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2012.03.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schwob, 2023",
          "ref": "Schwob, J. T., & Newman, M. G. (2023). Brief imaginal exposure exercises for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial of a self-help momentary intervention app. J Anxiety Disord, 98, 102749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102749 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zainal, 2021",
          "ref": "Zainal, N. H., Chan, W. W., Saxena, A. P., Taylor, C. B., & Newman, M. G. (2021). Pilot randomized trial of self-guided virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 147, 103984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2021.103984 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1951,
      "instr": "SIAS",
      "full": "Social Interaction Anxiety Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Influence analysis (sensitivity)",
      "k": 27,
      "k_es": 40,
      "sd": 13.792,
      "lo": 13.128,
      "hi": 14.489,
      "tau2": 0.0092,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 11.361,
      "phi": 16.743,
      "i2": 58,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abramowitz, 2009",
          "ref": "Abramowitz, J. S., Moore, E. L., Braddock, A. E., & Harrington, D. L. (2009). Self-help cognitive-behavioral therapy with minimal therapist contact for social phobia: a controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 40(1), 98-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.04.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2022",
          "ref": "Kim, H., Kim, B. H., Kim, M. K., Eom, H., & Kim, J. J. (2022). Alteration of resting-state functional connectivity network properties in patients with social anxiety disorder after virtual reality-based self-training [Article]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959696 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Nilsson, 2012",
          "ref": "Nilsson, J. E., Lundh, L. G., & Viborg, G. (2012). Imagery rescripting of early memories in social anxiety disorder: an experimental study. Behav Res Ther, 50(6), 387-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2012.03.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schwob, 2023",
          "ref": "Schwob, J. T., & Newman, M. G. (2023). Brief imaginal exposure exercises for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial of a self-help momentary intervention app. J Anxiety Disord, 98, 102749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102749 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zainal, 2021",
          "ref": "Zainal, N. H., Chan, W. W., Saxena, A. P., Taylor, C. B., & Newman, M. G. (2021). Pilot randomized trial of self-guided virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 147, 103984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2021.103984 "
        }
      ]
    },
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abramowitz, 2009",
          "ref": "Abramowitz, J. S., Moore, E. L., Braddock, A. E., & Harrington, D. L. (2009). Self-help cognitive-behavioral therapy with minimal therapist contact for social phobia: a controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 40(1), 98-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.04.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Nilsson, 2012",
          "ref": "Nilsson, J. E., Lundh, L. G., & Viborg, G. (2012). Imagery rescripting of early memories in social anxiety disorder: an experimental study. Behav Res Ther, 50(6), 387-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2012.03.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        }
      ]
    },
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      "sg": "Age group",
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      "k_es": 41,
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      "lo": 12.632,
      "hi": 14.371,
      "tau2": 0.0188,
      "tau2w": 0.0003,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abramowitz, 2009",
          "ref": "Abramowitz, J. S., Moore, E. L., Braddock, A. E., & Harrington, D. L. (2009). Self-help cognitive-behavioral therapy with minimal therapist contact for social phobia: a controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 40(1), 98-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.04.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2022",
          "ref": "Kim, H., Kim, B. H., Kim, M. K., Eom, H., & Kim, J. J. (2022). Alteration of resting-state functional connectivity network properties in patients with social anxiety disorder after virtual reality-based self-training [Article]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959696 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Nilsson, 2012",
          "ref": "Nilsson, J. E., Lundh, L. G., & Viborg, G. (2012). Imagery rescripting of early memories in social anxiety disorder: an experimental study. Behav Res Ther, 50(6), 387-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2012.03.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schwob, 2023",
          "ref": "Schwob, J. T., & Newman, M. G. (2023). Brief imaginal exposure exercises for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial of a self-help momentary intervention app. J Anxiety Disord, 98, 102749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102749 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zainal, 2021",
          "ref": "Zainal, N. H., Chan, W. W., Saxena, A. P., Taylor, C. B., & Newman, M. G. (2021). Pilot randomized trial of self-guided virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 147, 103984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2021.103984 "
        }
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2022",
          "ref": "Kim, H., Kim, B. H., Kim, M. K., Eom, H., & Kim, J. J. (2022). Alteration of resting-state functional connectivity network properties in patients with social anxiety disorder after virtual reality-based self-training [Article]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959696 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schwob, 2023",
          "ref": "Schwob, J. T., & Newman, M. G. (2023). Brief imaginal exposure exercises for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial of a self-help momentary intervention app. J Anxiety Disord, 98, 102749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102749 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zainal, 2021",
          "ref": "Zainal, N. H., Chan, W. W., Saxena, A. P., Taylor, C. B., & Newman, M. G. (2021). Pilot randomized trial of self-guided virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 147, 103984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2021.103984 "
        }
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    },
    {
      "id": 1955,
      "instr": "SIAS",
      "full": "Social Interaction Anxiety Scale",
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      "sg": "Age group",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abramowitz, 2009",
          "ref": "Abramowitz, J. S., Moore, E. L., Braddock, A. E., & Harrington, D. L. (2009). Self-help cognitive-behavioral therapy with minimal therapist contact for social phobia: a controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 40(1), 98-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.04.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2022",
          "ref": "Kim, H., Kim, B. H., Kim, M. K., Eom, H., & Kim, J. J. (2022). Alteration of resting-state functional connectivity network properties in patients with social anxiety disorder after virtual reality-based self-training [Article]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959696 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Nilsson, 2012",
          "ref": "Nilsson, J. E., Lundh, L. G., & Viborg, G. (2012). Imagery rescripting of early memories in social anxiety disorder: an experimental study. Behav Res Ther, 50(6), 387-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2012.03.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schwob, 2023",
          "ref": "Schwob, J. T., & Newman, M. G. (2023). Brief imaginal exposure exercises for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial of a self-help momentary intervention app. J Anxiety Disord, 98, 102749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102749 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zainal, 2021",
          "ref": "Zainal, N. H., Chan, W. W., Saxena, A. P., Taylor, C. B., & Newman, M. G. (2021). Pilot randomized trial of self-guided virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 147, 103984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2021.103984 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1956,
      "instr": "SIAS",
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      "sg": "Comorbidity",
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        {
          "study": "Abramowitz, 2009",
          "ref": "Abramowitz, J. S., Moore, E. L., Braddock, A. E., & Harrington, D. L. (2009). Self-help cognitive-behavioral therapy with minimal therapist contact for social phobia: a controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 40(1), 98-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.04.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2022",
          "ref": "Kim, H., Kim, B. H., Kim, M. K., Eom, H., & Kim, J. J. (2022). Alteration of resting-state functional connectivity network properties in patients with social anxiety disorder after virtual reality-based self-training [Article]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959696 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Nilsson, 2012",
          "ref": "Nilsson, J. E., Lundh, L. G., & Viborg, G. (2012). Imagery rescripting of early memories in social anxiety disorder: an experimental study. Behav Res Ther, 50(6), 387-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2012.03.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schwob, 2023",
          "ref": "Schwob, J. T., & Newman, M. G. (2023). Brief imaginal exposure exercises for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial of a self-help momentary intervention app. J Anxiety Disord, 98, 102749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102749 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zainal, 2021",
          "ref": "Zainal, N. H., Chan, W. W., Saxena, A. P., Taylor, C. B., & Newman, M. G. (2021). Pilot randomized trial of self-guided virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 147, 103984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2021.103984 "
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        {
          "study": "Abramowitz, 2009",
          "ref": "Abramowitz, J. S., Moore, E. L., Braddock, A. E., & Harrington, D. L. (2009). Self-help cognitive-behavioral therapy with minimal therapist contact for social phobia: a controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 40(1), 98-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.04.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2022",
          "ref": "Kim, H., Kim, B. H., Kim, M. K., Eom, H., & Kim, J. J. (2022). Alteration of resting-state functional connectivity network properties in patients with social anxiety disorder after virtual reality-based self-training [Article]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959696 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Nilsson, 2012",
          "ref": "Nilsson, J. E., Lundh, L. G., & Viborg, G. (2012). Imagery rescripting of early memories in social anxiety disorder: an experimental study. Behav Res Ther, 50(6), 387-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2012.03.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schwob, 2023",
          "ref": "Schwob, J. T., & Newman, M. G. (2023). Brief imaginal exposure exercises for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial of a self-help momentary intervention app. J Anxiety Disord, 98, 102749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102749 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zainal, 2021",
          "ref": "Zainal, N. H., Chan, W. W., Saxena, A. P., Taylor, C. B., & Newman, M. G. (2021). Pilot randomized trial of self-guided virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 147, 103984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2021.103984 "
        }
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        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nilsson, 2012",
          "ref": "Nilsson, J. E., Lundh, L. G., & Viborg, G. (2012). Imagery rescripting of early memories in social anxiety disorder: an experimental study. Behav Res Ther, 50(6), 387-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2012.03.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schwob, 2023",
          "ref": "Schwob, J. T., & Newman, M. G. (2023). Brief imaginal exposure exercises for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial of a self-help momentary intervention app. J Anxiety Disord, 98, 102749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102749 "
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        {
          "study": "Abramowitz, 2009",
          "ref": "Abramowitz, J. S., Moore, E. L., Braddock, A. E., & Harrington, D. L. (2009). Self-help cognitive-behavioral therapy with minimal therapist contact for social phobia: a controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 40(1), 98-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.04.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2022",
          "ref": "Kim, H., Kim, B. H., Kim, M. K., Eom, H., & Kim, J. J. (2022). Alteration of resting-state functional connectivity network properties in patients with social anxiety disorder after virtual reality-based self-training [Article]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959696 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Nilsson, 2012",
          "ref": "Nilsson, J. E., Lundh, L. G., & Viborg, G. (2012). Imagery rescripting of early memories in social anxiety disorder: an experimental study. Behav Res Ther, 50(6), 387-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2012.03.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schwob, 2023",
          "ref": "Schwob, J. T., & Newman, M. G. (2023). Brief imaginal exposure exercises for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial of a self-help momentary intervention app. J Anxiety Disord, 98, 102749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102749 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zainal, 2021",
          "ref": "Zainal, N. H., Chan, W. W., Saxena, A. P., Taylor, C. B., & Newman, M. G. (2021). Pilot randomized trial of self-guided virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 147, 103984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2021.103984 "
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        {
          "study": "Abramowitz, 2009",
          "ref": "Abramowitz, J. S., Moore, E. L., Braddock, A. E., & Harrington, D. L. (2009). Self-help cognitive-behavioral therapy with minimal therapist contact for social phobia: a controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 40(1), 98-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.04.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2022",
          "ref": "Kim, H., Kim, B. H., Kim, M. K., Eom, H., & Kim, J. J. (2022). Alteration of resting-state functional connectivity network properties in patients with social anxiety disorder after virtual reality-based self-training [Article]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959696 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zainal, 2021",
          "ref": "Zainal, N. H., Chan, W. W., Saxena, A. P., Taylor, C. B., & Newman, M. G. (2021). Pilot randomized trial of self-guided virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 147, 103984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2021.103984 "
        }
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      "sg": "Control condition",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abramowitz, 2009",
          "ref": "Abramowitz, J. S., Moore, E. L., Braddock, A. E., & Harrington, D. L. (2009). Self-help cognitive-behavioral therapy with minimal therapist contact for social phobia: a controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 40(1), 98-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.04.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2022",
          "ref": "Kim, H., Kim, B. H., Kim, M. K., Eom, H., & Kim, J. J. (2022). Alteration of resting-state functional connectivity network properties in patients with social anxiety disorder after virtual reality-based self-training [Article]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959696 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Nilsson, 2012",
          "ref": "Nilsson, J. E., Lundh, L. G., & Viborg, G. (2012). Imagery rescripting of early memories in social anxiety disorder: an experimental study. Behav Res Ther, 50(6), 387-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2012.03.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schwob, 2023",
          "ref": "Schwob, J. T., & Newman, M. G. (2023). Brief imaginal exposure exercises for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial of a self-help momentary intervention app. J Anxiety Disord, 98, 102749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102749 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zainal, 2021",
          "ref": "Zainal, N. H., Chan, W. W., Saxena, A. P., Taylor, C. B., & Newman, M. G. (2021). Pilot randomized trial of self-guided virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 147, 103984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2021.103984 "
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        {
          "study": "Kim, 2022",
          "ref": "Kim, H., Kim, B. H., Kim, M. K., Eom, H., & Kim, J. J. (2022). Alteration of resting-state functional connectivity network properties in patients with social anxiety disorder after virtual reality-based self-training [Article]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959696 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "sg": "Country / Region",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abramowitz, 2009",
          "ref": "Abramowitz, J. S., Moore, E. L., Braddock, A. E., & Harrington, D. L. (2009). Self-help cognitive-behavioral therapy with minimal therapist contact for social phobia: a controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 40(1), 98-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.04.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2022",
          "ref": "Kim, H., Kim, B. H., Kim, M. K., Eom, H., & Kim, J. J. (2022). Alteration of resting-state functional connectivity network properties in patients with social anxiety disorder after virtual reality-based self-training [Article]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959696 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Nilsson, 2012",
          "ref": "Nilsson, J. E., Lundh, L. G., & Viborg, G. (2012). Imagery rescripting of early memories in social anxiety disorder: an experimental study. Behav Res Ther, 50(6), 387-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2012.03.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schwob, 2023",
          "ref": "Schwob, J. T., & Newman, M. G. (2023). Brief imaginal exposure exercises for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial of a self-help momentary intervention app. J Anxiety Disord, 98, 102749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102749 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zainal, 2021",
          "ref": "Zainal, N. H., Chan, W. W., Saxena, A. P., Taylor, C. B., & Newman, M. G. (2021). Pilot randomized trial of self-guided virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 147, 103984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2021.103984 "
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        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Nilsson, 2012",
          "ref": "Nilsson, J. E., Lundh, L. G., & Viborg, G. (2012). Imagery rescripting of early memories in social anxiety disorder: an experimental study. Behav Res Ther, 50(6), 387-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2012.03.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
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        {
          "study": "Abramowitz, 2009",
          "ref": "Abramowitz, J. S., Moore, E. L., Braddock, A. E., & Harrington, D. L. (2009). Self-help cognitive-behavioral therapy with minimal therapist contact for social phobia: a controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 40(1), 98-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.04.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2022",
          "ref": "Kim, H., Kim, B. H., Kim, M. K., Eom, H., & Kim, J. J. (2022). Alteration of resting-state functional connectivity network properties in patients with social anxiety disorder after virtual reality-based self-training [Article]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959696 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Nilsson, 2012",
          "ref": "Nilsson, J. E., Lundh, L. G., & Viborg, G. (2012). Imagery rescripting of early memories in social anxiety disorder: an experimental study. Behav Res Ther, 50(6), 387-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2012.03.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schwob, 2023",
          "ref": "Schwob, J. T., & Newman, M. G. (2023). Brief imaginal exposure exercises for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial of a self-help momentary intervention app. J Anxiety Disord, 98, 102749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102749 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zainal, 2021",
          "ref": "Zainal, N. H., Chan, W. W., Saxena, A. P., Taylor, C. B., & Newman, M. G. (2021). Pilot randomized trial of self-guided virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 147, 103984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2021.103984 "
        }
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abramowitz, 2009",
          "ref": "Abramowitz, J. S., Moore, E. L., Braddock, A. E., & Harrington, D. L. (2009). Self-help cognitive-behavioral therapy with minimal therapist contact for social phobia: a controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 40(1), 98-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.04.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schwob, 2023",
          "ref": "Schwob, J. T., & Newman, M. G. (2023). Brief imaginal exposure exercises for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial of a self-help momentary intervention app. J Anxiety Disord, 98, 102749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102749 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zainal, 2021",
          "ref": "Zainal, N. H., Chan, W. W., Saxena, A. P., Taylor, C. B., & Newman, M. G. (2021). Pilot randomized trial of self-guided virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 147, 103984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2021.103984 "
        }
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abramowitz, 2009",
          "ref": "Abramowitz, J. S., Moore, E. L., Braddock, A. E., & Harrington, D. L. (2009). Self-help cognitive-behavioral therapy with minimal therapist contact for social phobia: a controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 40(1), 98-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.04.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2022",
          "ref": "Kim, H., Kim, B. H., Kim, M. K., Eom, H., & Kim, J. J. (2022). Alteration of resting-state functional connectivity network properties in patients with social anxiety disorder after virtual reality-based self-training [Article]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959696 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Nilsson, 2012",
          "ref": "Nilsson, J. E., Lundh, L. G., & Viborg, G. (2012). Imagery rescripting of early memories in social anxiety disorder: an experimental study. Behav Res Ther, 50(6), 387-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2012.03.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schwob, 2023",
          "ref": "Schwob, J. T., & Newman, M. G. (2023). Brief imaginal exposure exercises for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial of a self-help momentary intervention app. J Anxiety Disord, 98, 102749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102749 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zainal, 2021",
          "ref": "Zainal, N. H., Chan, W. W., Saxena, A. P., Taylor, C. B., & Newman, M. G. (2021). Pilot randomized trial of self-guided virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 147, 103984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2021.103984 "
        }
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
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        {
          "study": "Abramowitz, 2009",
          "ref": "Abramowitz, J. S., Moore, E. L., Braddock, A. E., & Harrington, D. L. (2009). Self-help cognitive-behavioral therapy with minimal therapist contact for social phobia: a controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 40(1), 98-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.04.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2022",
          "ref": "Kim, H., Kim, B. H., Kim, M. K., Eom, H., & Kim, J. J. (2022). Alteration of resting-state functional connectivity network properties in patients with social anxiety disorder after virtual reality-based self-training [Article]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959696 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Nilsson, 2012",
          "ref": "Nilsson, J. E., Lundh, L. G., & Viborg, G. (2012). Imagery rescripting of early memories in social anxiety disorder: an experimental study. Behav Res Ther, 50(6), 387-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2012.03.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schwob, 2023",
          "ref": "Schwob, J. T., & Newman, M. G. (2023). Brief imaginal exposure exercises for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial of a self-help momentary intervention app. J Anxiety Disord, 98, 102749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102749 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zainal, 2021",
          "ref": "Zainal, N. H., Chan, W. W., Saxena, A. P., Taylor, C. B., & Newman, M. G. (2021). Pilot randomized trial of self-guided virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 147, 103984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2021.103984 "
        }
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        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
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        {
          "study": "Abramowitz, 2009",
          "ref": "Abramowitz, J. S., Moore, E. L., Braddock, A. E., & Harrington, D. L. (2009). Self-help cognitive-behavioral therapy with minimal therapist contact for social phobia: a controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 40(1), 98-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.04.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2022",
          "ref": "Kim, H., Kim, B. H., Kim, M. K., Eom, H., & Kim, J. J. (2022). Alteration of resting-state functional connectivity network properties in patients with social anxiety disorder after virtual reality-based self-training [Article]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959696 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Nilsson, 2012",
          "ref": "Nilsson, J. E., Lundh, L. G., & Viborg, G. (2012). Imagery rescripting of early memories in social anxiety disorder: an experimental study. Behav Res Ther, 50(6), 387-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2012.03.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schwob, 2023",
          "ref": "Schwob, J. T., & Newman, M. G. (2023). Brief imaginal exposure exercises for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial of a self-help momentary intervention app. J Anxiety Disord, 98, 102749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102749 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zainal, 2021",
          "ref": "Zainal, N. H., Chan, W. W., Saxena, A. P., Taylor, C. B., & Newman, M. G. (2021). Pilot randomized trial of self-guided virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 147, 103984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2021.103984 "
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        {
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          "ref": "Abramowitz, J. S., Moore, E. L., Braddock, A. E., & Harrington, D. L. (2009). Self-help cognitive-behavioral therapy with minimal therapist contact for social phobia: a controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 40(1), 98-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.04.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        }
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        {
          "study": "Abramowitz, 2009",
          "ref": "Abramowitz, J. S., Moore, E. L., Braddock, A. E., & Harrington, D. L. (2009). Self-help cognitive-behavioral therapy with minimal therapist contact for social phobia: a controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 40(1), 98-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.04.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2022",
          "ref": "Kim, H., Kim, B. H., Kim, M. K., Eom, H., & Kim, J. J. (2022). Alteration of resting-state functional connectivity network properties in patients with social anxiety disorder after virtual reality-based self-training [Article]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959696 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Nilsson, 2012",
          "ref": "Nilsson, J. E., Lundh, L. G., & Viborg, G. (2012). Imagery rescripting of early memories in social anxiety disorder: an experimental study. Behav Res Ther, 50(6), 387-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2012.03.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schwob, 2023",
          "ref": "Schwob, J. T., & Newman, M. G. (2023). Brief imaginal exposure exercises for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial of a self-help momentary intervention app. J Anxiety Disord, 98, 102749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102749 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zainal, 2021",
          "ref": "Zainal, N. H., Chan, W. W., Saxena, A. P., Taylor, C. B., & Newman, M. G. (2021). Pilot randomized trial of self-guided virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 147, 103984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2021.103984 "
        }
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    {
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          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Nilsson, 2012",
          "ref": "Nilsson, J. E., Lundh, L. G., & Viborg, G. (2012). Imagery rescripting of early memories in social anxiety disorder: an experimental study. Behav Res Ther, 50(6), 387-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2012.03.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        }
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    {
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        {
          "study": "Abramowitz, 2009",
          "ref": "Abramowitz, J. S., Moore, E. L., Braddock, A. E., & Harrington, D. L. (2009). Self-help cognitive-behavioral therapy with minimal therapist contact for social phobia: a controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 40(1), 98-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.04.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2022",
          "ref": "Kim, H., Kim, B. H., Kim, M. K., Eom, H., & Kim, J. J. (2022). Alteration of resting-state functional connectivity network properties in patients with social anxiety disorder after virtual reality-based self-training [Article]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959696 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Nilsson, 2012",
          "ref": "Nilsson, J. E., Lundh, L. G., & Viborg, G. (2012). Imagery rescripting of early memories in social anxiety disorder: an experimental study. Behav Res Ther, 50(6), 387-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2012.03.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schwob, 2023",
          "ref": "Schwob, J. T., & Newman, M. G. (2023). Brief imaginal exposure exercises for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial of a self-help momentary intervention app. J Anxiety Disord, 98, 102749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102749 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zainal, 2021",
          "ref": "Zainal, N. H., Chan, W. W., Saxena, A. P., Taylor, C. B., & Newman, M. G. (2021). Pilot randomized trial of self-guided virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 147, 103984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2021.103984 "
        }
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        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2022",
          "ref": "Kim, H., Kim, B. H., Kim, M. K., Eom, H., & Kim, J. J. (2022). Alteration of resting-state functional connectivity network properties in patients with social anxiety disorder after virtual reality-based self-training [Article]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959696 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schwob, 2023",
          "ref": "Schwob, J. T., & Newman, M. G. (2023). Brief imaginal exposure exercises for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial of a self-help momentary intervention app. J Anxiety Disord, 98, 102749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102749 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zainal, 2021",
          "ref": "Zainal, N. H., Chan, W. W., Saxena, A. P., Taylor, C. B., & Newman, M. G. (2021). Pilot randomized trial of self-guided virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 147, 103984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2021.103984 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abramowitz, 2009",
          "ref": "Abramowitz, J. S., Moore, E. L., Braddock, A. E., & Harrington, D. L. (2009). Self-help cognitive-behavioral therapy with minimal therapist contact for social phobia: a controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 40(1), 98-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.04.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2022",
          "ref": "Kim, H., Kim, B. H., Kim, M. K., Eom, H., & Kim, J. J. (2022). Alteration of resting-state functional connectivity network properties in patients with social anxiety disorder after virtual reality-based self-training [Article]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959696 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Nilsson, 2012",
          "ref": "Nilsson, J. E., Lundh, L. G., & Viborg, G. (2012). Imagery rescripting of early memories in social anxiety disorder: an experimental study. Behav Res Ther, 50(6), 387-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2012.03.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schwob, 2023",
          "ref": "Schwob, J. T., & Newman, M. G. (2023). Brief imaginal exposure exercises for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial of a self-help momentary intervention app. J Anxiety Disord, 98, 102749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102749 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zainal, 2021",
          "ref": "Zainal, N. H., Chan, W. W., Saxena, A. P., Taylor, C. B., & Newman, M. G. (2021). Pilot randomized trial of self-guided virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 147, 103984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2021.103984 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abramowitz, 2009",
          "ref": "Abramowitz, J. S., Moore, E. L., Braddock, A. E., & Harrington, D. L. (2009). Self-help cognitive-behavioral therapy with minimal therapist contact for social phobia: a controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 40(1), 98-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.04.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2022",
          "ref": "Kim, H., Kim, B. H., Kim, M. K., Eom, H., & Kim, J. J. (2022). Alteration of resting-state functional connectivity network properties in patients with social anxiety disorder after virtual reality-based self-training [Article]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959696 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Nilsson, 2012",
          "ref": "Nilsson, J. E., Lundh, L. G., & Viborg, G. (2012). Imagery rescripting of early memories in social anxiety disorder: an experimental study. Behav Res Ther, 50(6), 387-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2012.03.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schwob, 2023",
          "ref": "Schwob, J. T., & Newman, M. G. (2023). Brief imaginal exposure exercises for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial of a self-help momentary intervention app. J Anxiety Disord, 98, 102749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102749 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zainal, 2021",
          "ref": "Zainal, N. H., Chan, W. W., Saxena, A. P., Taylor, C. B., & Newman, M. G. (2021). Pilot randomized trial of self-guided virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 147, 103984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2021.103984 "
        }
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abramowitz, 2009",
          "ref": "Abramowitz, J. S., Moore, E. L., Braddock, A. E., & Harrington, D. L. (2009). Self-help cognitive-behavioral therapy with minimal therapist contact for social phobia: a controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 40(1), 98-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.04.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2022",
          "ref": "Kim, H., Kim, B. H., Kim, M. K., Eom, H., & Kim, J. J. (2022). Alteration of resting-state functional connectivity network properties in patients with social anxiety disorder after virtual reality-based self-training [Article]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959696 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Nilsson, 2012",
          "ref": "Nilsson, J. E., Lundh, L. G., & Viborg, G. (2012). Imagery rescripting of early memories in social anxiety disorder: an experimental study. Behav Res Ther, 50(6), 387-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2012.03.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schwob, 2023",
          "ref": "Schwob, J. T., & Newman, M. G. (2023). Brief imaginal exposure exercises for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial of a self-help momentary intervention app. J Anxiety Disord, 98, 102749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102749 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zainal, 2021",
          "ref": "Zainal, N. H., Chan, W. W., Saxena, A. P., Taylor, C. B., & Newman, M. G. (2021). Pilot randomized trial of self-guided virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 147, 103984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2021.103984 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abramowitz, 2009",
          "ref": "Abramowitz, J. S., Moore, E. L., Braddock, A. E., & Harrington, D. L. (2009). Self-help cognitive-behavioral therapy with minimal therapist contact for social phobia: a controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 40(1), 98-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.04.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2022",
          "ref": "Kim, H., Kim, B. H., Kim, M. K., Eom, H., & Kim, J. J. (2022). Alteration of resting-state functional connectivity network properties in patients with social anxiety disorder after virtual reality-based self-training [Article]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959696 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Nilsson, 2012",
          "ref": "Nilsson, J. E., Lundh, L. G., & Viborg, G. (2012). Imagery rescripting of early memories in social anxiety disorder: an experimental study. Behav Res Ther, 50(6), 387-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2012.03.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schwob, 2023",
          "ref": "Schwob, J. T., & Newman, M. G. (2023). Brief imaginal exposure exercises for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial of a self-help momentary intervention app. J Anxiety Disord, 98, 102749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102749 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zainal, 2021",
          "ref": "Zainal, N. H., Chan, W. W., Saxena, A. P., Taylor, C. B., & Newman, M. G. (2021). Pilot randomized trial of self-guided virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 147, 103984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2021.103984 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 28,
      "k_es": 41,
      "sd": 13.474,
      "lo": 12.632,
      "hi": 14.371,
      "tau2": 0.0188,
      "tau2w": 0.0003,
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      "phi": 17.785,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abramowitz, 2009",
          "ref": "Abramowitz, J. S., Moore, E. L., Braddock, A. E., & Harrington, D. L. (2009). Self-help cognitive-behavioral therapy with minimal therapist contact for social phobia: a controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 40(1), 98-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.04.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2022",
          "ref": "Kim, H., Kim, B. H., Kim, M. K., Eom, H., & Kim, J. J. (2022). Alteration of resting-state functional connectivity network properties in patients with social anxiety disorder after virtual reality-based self-training [Article]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959696 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Nilsson, 2012",
          "ref": "Nilsson, J. E., Lundh, L. G., & Viborg, G. (2012). Imagery rescripting of early memories in social anxiety disorder: an experimental study. Behav Res Ther, 50(6), 387-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2012.03.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schwob, 2023",
          "ref": "Schwob, J. T., & Newman, M. G. (2023). Brief imaginal exposure exercises for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial of a self-help momentary intervention app. J Anxiety Disord, 98, 102749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102749 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zainal, 2021",
          "ref": "Zainal, N. H., Chan, W. W., Saxena, A. P., Taylor, C. B., & Newman, M. G. (2021). Pilot randomized trial of self-guided virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 147, 103984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2021.103984 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1982,
      "instr": "SIAS",
      "full": "Social Interaction Anxiety Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Not low risk of bias",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 27,
      "k_es": 40,
      "sd": 13.528,
      "lo": 12.701,
      "hi": 14.408,
      "tau2": 0.0194,
      "tau2w": null,
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      "i2": 74.4,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abramowitz, 2009",
          "ref": "Abramowitz, J. S., Moore, E. L., Braddock, A. E., & Harrington, D. L. (2009). Self-help cognitive-behavioral therapy with minimal therapist contact for social phobia: a controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 40(1), 98-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.04.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2022",
          "ref": "Kim, H., Kim, B. H., Kim, M. K., Eom, H., & Kim, J. J. (2022). Alteration of resting-state functional connectivity network properties in patients with social anxiety disorder after virtual reality-based self-training [Article]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959696 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Nilsson, 2012",
          "ref": "Nilsson, J. E., Lundh, L. G., & Viborg, G. (2012). Imagery rescripting of early memories in social anxiety disorder: an experimental study. Behav Res Ther, 50(6), 387-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2012.03.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schwob, 2023",
          "ref": "Schwob, J. T., & Newman, M. G. (2023). Brief imaginal exposure exercises for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial of a self-help momentary intervention app. J Anxiety Disord, 98, 102749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102749 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zainal, 2021",
          "ref": "Zainal, N. H., Chan, W. W., Saxena, A. P., Taylor, C. B., & Newman, M. G. (2021). Pilot randomized trial of self-guided virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 147, 103984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2021.103984 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1983,
      "instr": "SIAS",
      "full": "Social Interaction Anxiety Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Not low risk of bias",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 28,
      "k_es": 41,
      "sd": 13.474,
      "lo": 12.632,
      "hi": 14.371,
      "tau2": 0.0188,
      "tau2w": 0.0003,
      "plo": 10.207,
      "phi": 17.785,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Abramowitz, 2009",
          "ref": "Abramowitz, J. S., Moore, E. L., Braddock, A. E., & Harrington, D. L. (2009). Self-help cognitive-behavioral therapy with minimal therapist contact for social phobia: a controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 40(1), 98-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.04.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2022",
          "ref": "Kim, H., Kim, B. H., Kim, M. K., Eom, H., & Kim, J. J. (2022). Alteration of resting-state functional connectivity network properties in patients with social anxiety disorder after virtual reality-based self-training [Article]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959696 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Nilsson, 2012",
          "ref": "Nilsson, J. E., Lundh, L. G., & Viborg, G. (2012). Imagery rescripting of early memories in social anxiety disorder: an experimental study. Behav Res Ther, 50(6), 387-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2012.03.004 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schwob, 2023",
          "ref": "Schwob, J. T., & Newman, M. G. (2023). Brief imaginal exposure exercises for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial of a self-help momentary intervention app. J Anxiety Disord, 98, 102749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102749 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Zainal, 2021",
          "ref": "Zainal, N. H., Chan, W. W., Saxena, A. P., Taylor, C. B., & Newman, M. G. (2021). Pilot randomized trial of self-guided virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 147, 103984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2021.103984 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1984,
      "instr": "SIGH-A",
      "full": "Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Anxiety Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 3,
      "k_es": 3,
      "sd": 7.622,
      "lo": 6.181,
      "hi": 9.399,
      "tau2": 0.0244,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 5.259,
      "phi": 11.047,
      "i2": 72.4,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoge, 2013",
          "ref": "Hoge EA, Bui E, Marques L, et al. Randomized controlled trial of mindfulness meditation for generalized anxiety disorder: effects on anxiety and stress reactivity. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013;74(8):786- 792. doi:10.4088/JCP.12m08083"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rohan, 2007",
          "ref": "Rohan KJ, Roecklein KA, Lindsey KT, Johnson LG, Lippy RD, Lacy TJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, and their combination for seasonal affective disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2007;75(3):489-500."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1985,
      "instr": "SIGH-A",
      "full": "Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Anxiety Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Three-level CHE model",
      "k": 3,
      "k_es": 3,
      "sd": 7.622,
      "lo": 4.821,
      "hi": 12.05,
      "tau2": 0.0122,
      "tau2w": 0.0122,
      "plo": 5.259,
      "phi": 11.047,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoge, 2013",
          "ref": "Hoge EA, Bui E, Marques L, et al. Randomized controlled trial of mindfulness meditation for generalized anxiety disorder: effects on anxiety and stress reactivity. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013;74(8):786- 792. doi:10.4088/JCP.12m08083"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rohan, 2007",
          "ref": "Rohan KJ, Roecklein KA, Lindsey KT, Johnson LG, Lippy RD, Lacy TJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, and their combination for seasonal affective disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2007;75(3):489-500."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1986,
      "instr": "SIGH-A",
      "full": "Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Anxiety Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Fixed-effect",
      "k": 3,
      "k_es": 3,
      "sd": 7.358,
      "lo": 6.628,
      "hi": 8.168,
      "tau2": null,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": null,
      "phi": null,
      "i2": 67.1,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoge, 2013",
          "ref": "Hoge EA, Bui E, Marques L, et al. Randomized controlled trial of mindfulness meditation for generalized anxiety disorder: effects on anxiety and stress reactivity. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013;74(8):786- 792. doi:10.4088/JCP.12m08083"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rohan, 2007",
          "ref": "Rohan KJ, Roecklein KA, Lindsey KT, Johnson LG, Lippy RD, Lacy TJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, and their combination for seasonal affective disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2007;75(3):489-500."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1987,
      "instr": "SIGH-A",
      "full": "Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Anxiety Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Outliers removed (sensitivity)",
      "k": 3,
      "k_es": 3,
      "sd": 7.622,
      "lo": 6.181,
      "hi": 9.399,
      "tau2": 0.0244,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 5.259,
      "phi": 11.047,
      "i2": 72.4,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoge, 2013",
          "ref": "Hoge EA, Bui E, Marques L, et al. Randomized controlled trial of mindfulness meditation for generalized anxiety disorder: effects on anxiety and stress reactivity. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013;74(8):786- 792. doi:10.4088/JCP.12m08083"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rohan, 2007",
          "ref": "Rohan KJ, Roecklein KA, Lindsey KT, Johnson LG, Lippy RD, Lacy TJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, and their combination for seasonal affective disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2007;75(3):489-500."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1988,
      "instr": "SIGH-A",
      "full": "Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Anxiety Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Age group",
      "sgv": "Adults",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 3,
      "k_es": 3,
      "sd": 7.622,
      "lo": 6.181,
      "hi": 9.399,
      "tau2": 0.0244,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 5.259,
      "phi": 11.047,
      "i2": 72.4,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoge, 2013",
          "ref": "Hoge EA, Bui E, Marques L, et al. Randomized controlled trial of mindfulness meditation for generalized anxiety disorder: effects on anxiety and stress reactivity. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013;74(8):786- 792. doi:10.4088/JCP.12m08083"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rohan, 2007",
          "ref": "Rohan KJ, Roecklein KA, Lindsey KT, Johnson LG, Lippy RD, Lacy TJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, and their combination for seasonal affective disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2007;75(3):489-500."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1989,
      "instr": "SIGH-A",
      "full": "Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Anxiety Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Age group",
      "sgv": "Adults",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 3,
      "k_es": 3,
      "sd": 7.622,
      "lo": 4.821,
      "hi": 12.05,
      "tau2": 0.0122,
      "tau2w": 0.0122,
      "plo": 5.259,
      "phi": 11.047,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoge, 2013",
          "ref": "Hoge EA, Bui E, Marques L, et al. Randomized controlled trial of mindfulness meditation for generalized anxiety disorder: effects on anxiety and stress reactivity. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013;74(8):786- 792. doi:10.4088/JCP.12m08083"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rohan, 2007",
          "ref": "Rohan KJ, Roecklein KA, Lindsey KT, Johnson LG, Lippy RD, Lacy TJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, and their combination for seasonal affective disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2007;75(3):489-500."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1990,
      "instr": "SIGH-A",
      "full": "Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Anxiety Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Comorbidity",
      "sgv": "No comorbidity",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 3,
      "k_es": 3,
      "sd": 7.622,
      "lo": 6.181,
      "hi": 9.399,
      "tau2": 0.0244,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 5.259,
      "phi": 11.047,
      "i2": 72.4,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoge, 2013",
          "ref": "Hoge EA, Bui E, Marques L, et al. Randomized controlled trial of mindfulness meditation for generalized anxiety disorder: effects on anxiety and stress reactivity. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013;74(8):786- 792. doi:10.4088/JCP.12m08083"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rohan, 2007",
          "ref": "Rohan KJ, Roecklein KA, Lindsey KT, Johnson LG, Lippy RD, Lacy TJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, and their combination for seasonal affective disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2007;75(3):489-500."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1991,
      "instr": "SIGH-A",
      "full": "Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Anxiety Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Comorbidity",
      "sgv": "No comorbidity",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 3,
      "k_es": 3,
      "sd": 7.622,
      "lo": 4.821,
      "hi": 12.05,
      "tau2": 0.0122,
      "tau2w": 0.0122,
      "plo": 5.259,
      "phi": 11.047,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoge, 2013",
          "ref": "Hoge EA, Bui E, Marques L, et al. Randomized controlled trial of mindfulness meditation for generalized anxiety disorder: effects on anxiety and stress reactivity. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013;74(8):786- 792. doi:10.4088/JCP.12m08083"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rohan, 2007",
          "ref": "Rohan KJ, Roecklein KA, Lindsey KT, Johnson LG, Lippy RD, Lacy TJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, and their combination for seasonal affective disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2007;75(3):489-500."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1992,
      "instr": "SIGH-A",
      "full": "Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Anxiety Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "North America",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 3,
      "k_es": 3,
      "sd": 7.622,
      "lo": 6.181,
      "hi": 9.399,
      "tau2": 0.0244,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 5.259,
      "phi": 11.047,
      "i2": 72.4,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoge, 2013",
          "ref": "Hoge EA, Bui E, Marques L, et al. Randomized controlled trial of mindfulness meditation for generalized anxiety disorder: effects on anxiety and stress reactivity. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013;74(8):786- 792. doi:10.4088/JCP.12m08083"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rohan, 2007",
          "ref": "Rohan KJ, Roecklein KA, Lindsey KT, Johnson LG, Lippy RD, Lacy TJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, and their combination for seasonal affective disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2007;75(3):489-500."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1993,
      "instr": "SIGH-A",
      "full": "Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Anxiety Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "North America",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 3,
      "k_es": 3,
      "sd": 7.622,
      "lo": 4.821,
      "hi": 12.05,
      "tau2": 0.0122,
      "tau2w": 0.0122,
      "plo": 5.259,
      "phi": 11.047,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoge, 2013",
          "ref": "Hoge EA, Bui E, Marques L, et al. Randomized controlled trial of mindfulness meditation for generalized anxiety disorder: effects on anxiety and stress reactivity. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013;74(8):786- 792. doi:10.4088/JCP.12m08083"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rohan, 2007",
          "ref": "Rohan KJ, Roecklein KA, Lindsey KT, Johnson LG, Lippy RD, Lacy TJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, and their combination for seasonal affective disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2007;75(3):489-500."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1994,
      "instr": "SIGH-A",
      "full": "Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Anxiety Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Rating",
      "sgv": "Clinician-rated",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 3,
      "k_es": 3,
      "sd": 7.622,
      "lo": 6.181,
      "hi": 9.399,
      "tau2": 0.0244,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 5.259,
      "phi": 11.047,
      "i2": 72.4,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoge, 2013",
          "ref": "Hoge EA, Bui E, Marques L, et al. Randomized controlled trial of mindfulness meditation for generalized anxiety disorder: effects on anxiety and stress reactivity. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013;74(8):786- 792. doi:10.4088/JCP.12m08083"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rohan, 2007",
          "ref": "Rohan KJ, Roecklein KA, Lindsey KT, Johnson LG, Lippy RD, Lacy TJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, and their combination for seasonal affective disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2007;75(3):489-500."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1995,
      "instr": "SIGH-A",
      "full": "Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Anxiety Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Rating",
      "sgv": "Clinician-rated",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 3,
      "k_es": 3,
      "sd": 7.622,
      "lo": 4.821,
      "hi": 12.05,
      "tau2": 0.0122,
      "tau2w": 0.0122,
      "plo": 5.259,
      "phi": 11.047,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoge, 2013",
          "ref": "Hoge EA, Bui E, Marques L, et al. Randomized controlled trial of mindfulness meditation for generalized anxiety disorder: effects on anxiety and stress reactivity. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013;74(8):786- 792. doi:10.4088/JCP.12m08083"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rohan, 2007",
          "ref": "Rohan KJ, Roecklein KA, Lindsey KT, Johnson LG, Lippy RD, Lacy TJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, and their combination for seasonal affective disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2007;75(3):489-500."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1996,
      "instr": "SIGH-A",
      "full": "Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Anxiety Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Not low risk of bias",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 3,
      "k_es": 3,
      "sd": 7.622,
      "lo": 6.181,
      "hi": 9.399,
      "tau2": 0.0244,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 5.259,
      "phi": 11.047,
      "i2": 72.4,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoge, 2013",
          "ref": "Hoge EA, Bui E, Marques L, et al. Randomized controlled trial of mindfulness meditation for generalized anxiety disorder: effects on anxiety and stress reactivity. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013;74(8):786- 792. doi:10.4088/JCP.12m08083"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rohan, 2007",
          "ref": "Rohan KJ, Roecklein KA, Lindsey KT, Johnson LG, Lippy RD, Lacy TJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, and their combination for seasonal affective disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2007;75(3):489-500."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1997,
      "instr": "SIGH-A",
      "full": "Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Anxiety Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Not low risk of bias",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 3,
      "k_es": 3,
      "sd": 7.622,
      "lo": 4.821,
      "hi": 12.05,
      "tau2": 0.0122,
      "tau2w": 0.0122,
      "plo": 5.259,
      "phi": 11.047,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Hayes-Skelton, 2013",
          "ref": "Hayes-Skelton SA, Roemer L, Orsillo SM. A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):761-773. doi:10. 1037/a0032871"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoge, 2013",
          "ref": "Hoge EA, Bui E, Marques L, et al. Randomized controlled trial of mindfulness meditation for generalized anxiety disorder: effects on anxiety and stress reactivity. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013;74(8):786- 792. doi:10.4088/JCP.12m08083"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rohan, 2007",
          "ref": "Rohan KJ, Roecklein KA, Lindsey KT, Johnson LG, Lippy RD, Lacy TJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, and their combination for seasonal affective disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2007;75(3):489-500."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1998,
      "instr": "SIQ",
      "full": "Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 10,
      "k_es": 10,
      "sd": 21.963,
      "lo": 14.909,
      "hi": 32.352,
      "tau2": 0.3834,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 6.144,
      "phi": 78.512,
      "i2": 98.8,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Donaldson 2005",
          "ref": "Donaldson, D., Spirito, A., & Esposito-Smythers, C. (2005). Treatment for adolescents following a suicide attempt: results of a pilot trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 44(2), 113–120. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200502000-00003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Grupp-Phelan 2019",
          "ref": "Grupp-Phelan, J., Stevens, J., Boyd, S., Cohen, D. M., Ammerman, R. T., Liddy-Hicks, S., ... & Bridge, J. A. (2019). Effect of a motivational interviewing–based intervention on initiation of mental health treatment and mental health after an emergency department visit among suicidal adolescents: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA network open, 2(12), e1917941-e1917941."
        },
        {
          "study": "Harrington 1998",
          "ref": "Harrington, R., Kerfoot, M., Dyer, E., McNiven, F., Gill, J., Harrington, V., Woodham, A., & Byford, S. (1998). Randomized trial of a home-based family intervention for children who have deliberately poisoned themselves. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 37(5), 512– 518."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hazell 2009",
          "ref": "Hazell, P. L., Martin, G., Mcgill, K., Kay, T., Wood, A., Trainor, G., & Harrington, R. (2009). Group therapy for repeated deliberate self-harm in adolescents: failure of replication of a randomized trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 48(6), 662–670. https://doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181aOacec"
        },
        {
          "study": "King 2015",
          "ref": "King, C. A., Gipson, P. Y., Horwitz, A. G., & Opperman, K. J. (2015). Teen options for change: an intervention for young emergency patients who screen positive for suicide risk. Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.), 66(1), 97– 100. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201300347"
        },
        {
          "study": "March 2004",
          "ref": "March, J., Silva, S., Petrycki, S., Curry, J., Wells, K., Fairbank, J., Burns, B., Domino, M., McNulty, S., Vitiello, B., Severe, J., & Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) Team (2004). Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression: Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 292(7), 807–820. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.7.807"
        },
        {
          "study": "March 2004 study 2",
          "ref": "March, J., Silva, S., Petrycki, S., Curry, J., Wells, K., Fairbank, J., Burns, B., Domino, M., McNulty, S., Vitiello, B., Severe, J., & Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) Team (2004). Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression: Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 292(7), 807–820. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.7.807"
        },
        {
          "study": "McManama O'Brien 2018",
          "ref": "McManama O'Brien, K. H., Sellers, C. M., Battalen, A. W., Ryan, C. A., Maneta, E. K., Aguinaldo, L. D., White, E., & Spirito, A. (2018). Feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of a brief alcohol intervention for suicidal adolescents in inpatient psychiatric treatment. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 94, 105–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2018.08.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Melvin 2006",
          "ref": "Melvin, G. A., Tonge, B. J., King, N. J., Heyne, D., Gordon, M. S., & Klimkeit, E. (2006). A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy, sertraline, and their combination for adolescent depression. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(10), 1151–1161. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000233157.21925.71"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nunez 2024",
          "ref": "Nuñez, D., Meza, D., Andaur, J., Robinson, J., & Gaete, J. (2024). Reframe-IT+, an indicated preventive school-based intervention, reduces suicidal ideation among adolescents in vulnerable contexts in Chile. BMC psychology, 12(1), 780."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 1999,
      "instr": "SIQ",
      "full": "Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Three-level CHE model",
      "k": 10,
      "k_es": 10,
      "sd": 21.963,
      "lo": 14.043,
      "hi": 34.348,
      "tau2": 0.1917,
      "tau2w": 0.1917,
      "plo": 6.144,
      "phi": 78.512,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Donaldson 2005",
          "ref": "Donaldson, D., Spirito, A., & Esposito-Smythers, C. (2005). Treatment for adolescents following a suicide attempt: results of a pilot trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 44(2), 113–120. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200502000-00003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Grupp-Phelan 2019",
          "ref": "Grupp-Phelan, J., Stevens, J., Boyd, S., Cohen, D. M., Ammerman, R. T., Liddy-Hicks, S., ... & Bridge, J. A. (2019). Effect of a motivational interviewing–based intervention on initiation of mental health treatment and mental health after an emergency department visit among suicidal adolescents: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA network open, 2(12), e1917941-e1917941."
        },
        {
          "study": "Harrington 1998",
          "ref": "Harrington, R., Kerfoot, M., Dyer, E., McNiven, F., Gill, J., Harrington, V., Woodham, A., & Byford, S. (1998). Randomized trial of a home-based family intervention for children who have deliberately poisoned themselves. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 37(5), 512– 518."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hazell 2009",
          "ref": "Hazell, P. L., Martin, G., Mcgill, K., Kay, T., Wood, A., Trainor, G., & Harrington, R. (2009). Group therapy for repeated deliberate self-harm in adolescents: failure of replication of a randomized trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 48(6), 662–670. https://doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181aOacec"
        },
        {
          "study": "King 2015",
          "ref": "King, C. A., Gipson, P. Y., Horwitz, A. G., & Opperman, K. J. (2015). Teen options for change: an intervention for young emergency patients who screen positive for suicide risk. Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.), 66(1), 97– 100. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201300347"
        },
        {
          "study": "March 2004",
          "ref": "March, J., Silva, S., Petrycki, S., Curry, J., Wells, K., Fairbank, J., Burns, B., Domino, M., McNulty, S., Vitiello, B., Severe, J., & Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) Team (2004). Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression: Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 292(7), 807–820. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.7.807"
        },
        {
          "study": "March 2004 study 2",
          "ref": "March, J., Silva, S., Petrycki, S., Curry, J., Wells, K., Fairbank, J., Burns, B., Domino, M., McNulty, S., Vitiello, B., Severe, J., & Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) Team (2004). Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression: Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 292(7), 807–820. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.7.807"
        },
        {
          "study": "McManama O'Brien 2018",
          "ref": "McManama O'Brien, K. H., Sellers, C. M., Battalen, A. W., Ryan, C. A., Maneta, E. K., Aguinaldo, L. D., White, E., & Spirito, A. (2018). Feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of a brief alcohol intervention for suicidal adolescents in inpatient psychiatric treatment. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 94, 105–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2018.08.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Melvin 2006",
          "ref": "Melvin, G. A., Tonge, B. J., King, N. J., Heyne, D., Gordon, M. S., & Klimkeit, E. (2006). A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy, sertraline, and their combination for adolescent depression. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(10), 1151–1161. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000233157.21925.71"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nunez 2024",
          "ref": "Nuñez, D., Meza, D., Andaur, J., Robinson, J., & Gaete, J. (2024). Reframe-IT+, an indicated preventive school-based intervention, reduces suicidal ideation among adolescents in vulnerable contexts in Chile. BMC psychology, 12(1), 780."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2000,
      "instr": "SIQ",
      "full": "Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Fixed-effect",
      "k": 10,
      "k_es": 10,
      "sd": 17.857,
      "lo": 17.12,
      "hi": 18.626,
      "tau2": null,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": null,
      "phi": null,
      "i2": 99,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Donaldson 2005",
          "ref": "Donaldson, D., Spirito, A., & Esposito-Smythers, C. (2005). Treatment for adolescents following a suicide attempt: results of a pilot trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 44(2), 113–120. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200502000-00003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Grupp-Phelan 2019",
          "ref": "Grupp-Phelan, J., Stevens, J., Boyd, S., Cohen, D. M., Ammerman, R. T., Liddy-Hicks, S., ... & Bridge, J. A. (2019). Effect of a motivational interviewing–based intervention on initiation of mental health treatment and mental health after an emergency department visit among suicidal adolescents: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA network open, 2(12), e1917941-e1917941."
        },
        {
          "study": "Harrington 1998",
          "ref": "Harrington, R., Kerfoot, M., Dyer, E., McNiven, F., Gill, J., Harrington, V., Woodham, A., & Byford, S. (1998). Randomized trial of a home-based family intervention for children who have deliberately poisoned themselves. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 37(5), 512– 518."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hazell 2009",
          "ref": "Hazell, P. L., Martin, G., Mcgill, K., Kay, T., Wood, A., Trainor, G., & Harrington, R. (2009). Group therapy for repeated deliberate self-harm in adolescents: failure of replication of a randomized trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 48(6), 662–670. https://doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181aOacec"
        },
        {
          "study": "King 2015",
          "ref": "King, C. A., Gipson, P. Y., Horwitz, A. G., & Opperman, K. J. (2015). Teen options for change: an intervention for young emergency patients who screen positive for suicide risk. Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.), 66(1), 97– 100. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201300347"
        },
        {
          "study": "March 2004",
          "ref": "March, J., Silva, S., Petrycki, S., Curry, J., Wells, K., Fairbank, J., Burns, B., Domino, M., McNulty, S., Vitiello, B., Severe, J., & Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) Team (2004). Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression: Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 292(7), 807–820. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.7.807"
        },
        {
          "study": "March 2004 study 2",
          "ref": "March, J., Silva, S., Petrycki, S., Curry, J., Wells, K., Fairbank, J., Burns, B., Domino, M., McNulty, S., Vitiello, B., Severe, J., & Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) Team (2004). Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression: Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 292(7), 807–820. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.7.807"
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        {
          "study": "McManama O'Brien 2018",
          "ref": "McManama O'Brien, K. H., Sellers, C. M., Battalen, A. W., Ryan, C. A., Maneta, E. K., Aguinaldo, L. D., White, E., & Spirito, A. (2018). Feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of a brief alcohol intervention for suicidal adolescents in inpatient psychiatric treatment. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 94, 105–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2018.08.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Melvin 2006",
          "ref": "Melvin, G. A., Tonge, B. J., King, N. J., Heyne, D., Gordon, M. S., & Klimkeit, E. (2006). A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy, sertraline, and their combination for adolescent depression. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(10), 1151–1161. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000233157.21925.71"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nunez 2024",
          "ref": "Nuñez, D., Meza, D., Andaur, J., Robinson, J., & Gaete, J. (2024). Reframe-IT+, an indicated preventive school-based intervention, reduces suicidal ideation among adolescents in vulnerable contexts in Chile. BMC psychology, 12(1), 780."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "SIQ",
      "full": "Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire",
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        {
          "study": "Donaldson 2005",
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        },
        {
          "study": "King 2015",
          "ref": "King, C. A., Gipson, P. Y., Horwitz, A. G., & Opperman, K. J. (2015). Teen options for change: an intervention for young emergency patients who screen positive for suicide risk. Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.), 66(1), 97– 100. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201300347"
        },
        {
          "study": "McManama O'Brien 2018",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Melvin 2006",
          "ref": "Melvin, G. A., Tonge, B. J., King, N. J., Heyne, D., Gordon, M. S., & Klimkeit, E. (2006). A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy, sertraline, and their combination for adolescent depression. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(10), 1151–1161. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000233157.21925.71"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nunez 2024",
          "ref": "Nuñez, D., Meza, D., Andaur, J., Robinson, J., & Gaete, J. (2024). Reframe-IT+, an indicated preventive school-based intervention, reduces suicidal ideation among adolescents in vulnerable contexts in Chile. BMC psychology, 12(1), 780."
        }
      ]
    },
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      "id": 2002,
      "instr": "SIQ",
      "full": "Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire",
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      "sg": "No subgroup",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Grupp-Phelan 2019",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Harrington 1998",
          "ref": "Harrington, R., Kerfoot, M., Dyer, E., McNiven, F., Gill, J., Harrington, V., Woodham, A., & Byford, S. (1998). Randomized trial of a home-based family intervention for children who have deliberately poisoned themselves. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 37(5), 512– 518."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hazell 2009",
          "ref": "Hazell, P. L., Martin, G., Mcgill, K., Kay, T., Wood, A., Trainor, G., & Harrington, R. (2009). Group therapy for repeated deliberate self-harm in adolescents: failure of replication of a randomized trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 48(6), 662–670. https://doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181aOacec"
        },
        {
          "study": "King 2015",
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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        {
          "study": "McManama O'Brien 2018",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Melvin 2006",
          "ref": "Melvin, G. A., Tonge, B. J., King, N. J., Heyne, D., Gordon, M. S., & Klimkeit, E. (2006). A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy, sertraline, and their combination for adolescent depression. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(10), 1151–1161. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000233157.21925.71"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nunez 2024",
          "ref": "Nuñez, D., Meza, D., Andaur, J., Robinson, J., & Gaete, J. (2024). Reframe-IT+, an indicated preventive school-based intervention, reduces suicidal ideation among adolescents in vulnerable contexts in Chile. BMC psychology, 12(1), 780."
        }
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        {
          "study": "Grupp-Phelan 2019",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Harrington 1998",
          "ref": "Harrington, R., Kerfoot, M., Dyer, E., McNiven, F., Gill, J., Harrington, V., Woodham, A., & Byford, S. (1998). Randomized trial of a home-based family intervention for children who have deliberately poisoned themselves. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 37(5), 512– 518."
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        {
          "study": "Hazell 2009",
          "ref": "Hazell, P. L., Martin, G., Mcgill, K., Kay, T., Wood, A., Trainor, G., & Harrington, R. (2009). Group therapy for repeated deliberate self-harm in adolescents: failure of replication of a randomized trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 48(6), 662–670. https://doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181aOacec"
        },
        {
          "study": "King 2015",
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "March 2004 study 2",
          "ref": "March, J., Silva, S., Petrycki, S., Curry, J., Wells, K., Fairbank, J., Burns, B., Domino, M., McNulty, S., Vitiello, B., Severe, J., & Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) Team (2004). Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression: Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 292(7), 807–820. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.7.807"
        },
        {
          "study": "McManama O'Brien 2018",
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "McManama O'Brien 2018",
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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          "ref": "Nuñez, D., Meza, D., Andaur, J., Robinson, J., & Gaete, J. (2024). Reframe-IT+, an indicated preventive school-based intervention, reduces suicidal ideation among adolescents in vulnerable contexts in Chile. BMC psychology, 12(1), 780."
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        {
          "study": "Harrington 1998",
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        {
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        },
        {
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        {
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        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Melvin 2006",
          "ref": "Melvin, G. A., Tonge, B. J., King, N. J., Heyne, D., Gordon, M. S., & Klimkeit, E. (2006). A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy, sertraline, and their combination for adolescent depression. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(10), 1151–1161. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000233157.21925.71"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nunez 2024",
          "ref": "Nuñez, D., Meza, D., Andaur, J., Robinson, J., & Gaete, J. (2024). Reframe-IT+, an indicated preventive school-based intervention, reduces suicidal ideation among adolescents in vulnerable contexts in Chile. BMC psychology, 12(1), 780."
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        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Harrington 1998",
          "ref": "Harrington, R., Kerfoot, M., Dyer, E., McNiven, F., Gill, J., Harrington, V., Woodham, A., & Byford, S. (1998). Randomized trial of a home-based family intervention for children who have deliberately poisoned themselves. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 37(5), 512– 518."
        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "King 2015",
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        {
          "study": "March 2004",
          "ref": "March, J., Silva, S., Petrycki, S., Curry, J., Wells, K., Fairbank, J., Burns, B., Domino, M., McNulty, S., Vitiello, B., Severe, J., & Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) Team (2004). Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression: Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 292(7), 807–820. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.7.807"
        },
        {
          "study": "March 2004 study 2",
          "ref": "March, J., Silva, S., Petrycki, S., Curry, J., Wells, K., Fairbank, J., Burns, B., Domino, M., McNulty, S., Vitiello, B., Severe, J., & Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) Team (2004). Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression: Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 292(7), 807–820. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.7.807"
        },
        {
          "study": "McManama O'Brien 2018",
          "ref": "McManama O'Brien, K. H., Sellers, C. M., Battalen, A. W., Ryan, C. A., Maneta, E. K., Aguinaldo, L. D., White, E., & Spirito, A. (2018). Feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of a brief alcohol intervention for suicidal adolescents in inpatient psychiatric treatment. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 94, 105–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2018.08.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Melvin 2006",
          "ref": "Melvin, G. A., Tonge, B. J., King, N. J., Heyne, D., Gordon, M. S., & Klimkeit, E. (2006). A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy, sertraline, and their combination for adolescent depression. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(10), 1151–1161. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000233157.21925.71"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nunez 2024",
          "ref": "Nuñez, D., Meza, D., Andaur, J., Robinson, J., & Gaete, J. (2024). Reframe-IT+, an indicated preventive school-based intervention, reduces suicidal ideation among adolescents in vulnerable contexts in Chile. BMC psychology, 12(1), 780."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2007,
      "instr": "SIQ",
      "full": "Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "North America",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 6,
      "k_es": 6,
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        {
          "study": "Donaldson 2005",
          "ref": "Donaldson, D., Spirito, A., & Esposito-Smythers, C. (2005). Treatment for adolescents following a suicide attempt: results of a pilot trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 44(2), 113–120. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200502000-00003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Grupp-Phelan 2019",
          "ref": "Grupp-Phelan, J., Stevens, J., Boyd, S., Cohen, D. M., Ammerman, R. T., Liddy-Hicks, S., ... & Bridge, J. A. (2019). Effect of a motivational interviewing–based intervention on initiation of mental health treatment and mental health after an emergency department visit among suicidal adolescents: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA network open, 2(12), e1917941-e1917941."
        },
        {
          "study": "King 2015",
          "ref": "King, C. A., Gipson, P. Y., Horwitz, A. G., & Opperman, K. J. (2015). Teen options for change: an intervention for young emergency patients who screen positive for suicide risk. Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.), 66(1), 97– 100. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201300347"
        },
        {
          "study": "March 2004",
          "ref": "March, J., Silva, S., Petrycki, S., Curry, J., Wells, K., Fairbank, J., Burns, B., Domino, M., McNulty, S., Vitiello, B., Severe, J., & Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) Team (2004). Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression: Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 292(7), 807–820. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.7.807"
        },
        {
          "study": "March 2004 study 2",
          "ref": "March, J., Silva, S., Petrycki, S., Curry, J., Wells, K., Fairbank, J., Burns, B., Domino, M., McNulty, S., Vitiello, B., Severe, J., & Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) Team (2004). Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression: Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 292(7), 807–820. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.7.807"
        },
        {
          "study": "McManama O'Brien 2018",
          "ref": "McManama O'Brien, K. H., Sellers, C. M., Battalen, A. W., Ryan, C. A., Maneta, E. K., Aguinaldo, L. D., White, E., & Spirito, A. (2018). Feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of a brief alcohol intervention for suicidal adolescents in inpatient psychiatric treatment. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 94, 105–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2018.08.013"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2008,
      "instr": "SIQ",
      "full": "Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "North America",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
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        {
          "study": "Donaldson 2005",
          "ref": "Donaldson, D., Spirito, A., & Esposito-Smythers, C. (2005). Treatment for adolescents following a suicide attempt: results of a pilot trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 44(2), 113–120. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200502000-00003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Grupp-Phelan 2019",
          "ref": "Grupp-Phelan, J., Stevens, J., Boyd, S., Cohen, D. M., Ammerman, R. T., Liddy-Hicks, S., ... & Bridge, J. A. (2019). Effect of a motivational interviewing–based intervention on initiation of mental health treatment and mental health after an emergency department visit among suicidal adolescents: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA network open, 2(12), e1917941-e1917941."
        },
        {
          "study": "Harrington 1998",
          "ref": "Harrington, R., Kerfoot, M., Dyer, E., McNiven, F., Gill, J., Harrington, V., Woodham, A., & Byford, S. (1998). Randomized trial of a home-based family intervention for children who have deliberately poisoned themselves. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 37(5), 512– 518."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hazell 2009",
          "ref": "Hazell, P. L., Martin, G., Mcgill, K., Kay, T., Wood, A., Trainor, G., & Harrington, R. (2009). Group therapy for repeated deliberate self-harm in adolescents: failure of replication of a randomized trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 48(6), 662–670. https://doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181aOacec"
        },
        {
          "study": "King 2015",
          "ref": "King, C. A., Gipson, P. Y., Horwitz, A. G., & Opperman, K. J. (2015). Teen options for change: an intervention for young emergency patients who screen positive for suicide risk. Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.), 66(1), 97– 100. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201300347"
        },
        {
          "study": "March 2004",
          "ref": "March, J., Silva, S., Petrycki, S., Curry, J., Wells, K., Fairbank, J., Burns, B., Domino, M., McNulty, S., Vitiello, B., Severe, J., & Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) Team (2004). Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression: Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 292(7), 807–820. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.7.807"
        },
        {
          "study": "March 2004 study 2",
          "ref": "March, J., Silva, S., Petrycki, S., Curry, J., Wells, K., Fairbank, J., Burns, B., Domino, M., McNulty, S., Vitiello, B., Severe, J., & Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) Team (2004). Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression: Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 292(7), 807–820. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.7.807"
        },
        {
          "study": "McManama O'Brien 2018",
          "ref": "McManama O'Brien, K. H., Sellers, C. M., Battalen, A. W., Ryan, C. A., Maneta, E. K., Aguinaldo, L. D., White, E., & Spirito, A. (2018). Feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of a brief alcohol intervention for suicidal adolescents in inpatient psychiatric treatment. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 94, 105–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2018.08.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Melvin 2006",
          "ref": "Melvin, G. A., Tonge, B. J., King, N. J., Heyne, D., Gordon, M. S., & Klimkeit, E. (2006). A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy, sertraline, and their combination for adolescent depression. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(10), 1151–1161. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000233157.21925.71"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nunez 2024",
          "ref": "Nuñez, D., Meza, D., Andaur, J., Robinson, J., & Gaete, J. (2024). Reframe-IT+, an indicated preventive school-based intervention, reduces suicidal ideation among adolescents in vulnerable contexts in Chile. BMC psychology, 12(1), 780."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2009,
      "instr": "SIQ",
      "full": "Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "Other",
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        {
          "study": "Hazell 2009",
          "ref": "Hazell, P. L., Martin, G., Mcgill, K., Kay, T., Wood, A., Trainor, G., & Harrington, R. (2009). Group therapy for repeated deliberate self-harm in adolescents: failure of replication of a randomized trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 48(6), 662–670. https://doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181aOacec"
        },
        {
          "study": "Melvin 2006",
          "ref": "Melvin, G. A., Tonge, B. J., King, N. J., Heyne, D., Gordon, M. S., & Klimkeit, E. (2006). A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy, sertraline, and their combination for adolescent depression. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(10), 1151–1161. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000233157.21925.71"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nunez 2024",
          "ref": "Nuñez, D., Meza, D., Andaur, J., Robinson, J., & Gaete, J. (2024). Reframe-IT+, an indicated preventive school-based intervention, reduces suicidal ideation among adolescents in vulnerable contexts in Chile. BMC psychology, 12(1), 780."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2010,
      "instr": "SIQ",
      "full": "Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
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        {
          "study": "Donaldson 2005",
          "ref": "Donaldson, D., Spirito, A., & Esposito-Smythers, C. (2005). Treatment for adolescents following a suicide attempt: results of a pilot trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 44(2), 113–120. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200502000-00003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Grupp-Phelan 2019",
          "ref": "Grupp-Phelan, J., Stevens, J., Boyd, S., Cohen, D. M., Ammerman, R. T., Liddy-Hicks, S., ... & Bridge, J. A. (2019). Effect of a motivational interviewing–based intervention on initiation of mental health treatment and mental health after an emergency department visit among suicidal adolescents: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA network open, 2(12), e1917941-e1917941."
        },
        {
          "study": "Harrington 1998",
          "ref": "Harrington, R., Kerfoot, M., Dyer, E., McNiven, F., Gill, J., Harrington, V., Woodham, A., & Byford, S. (1998). Randomized trial of a home-based family intervention for children who have deliberately poisoned themselves. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 37(5), 512– 518."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hazell 2009",
          "ref": "Hazell, P. L., Martin, G., Mcgill, K., Kay, T., Wood, A., Trainor, G., & Harrington, R. (2009). Group therapy for repeated deliberate self-harm in adolescents: failure of replication of a randomized trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 48(6), 662–670. https://doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181aOacec"
        },
        {
          "study": "King 2015",
          "ref": "King, C. A., Gipson, P. Y., Horwitz, A. G., & Opperman, K. J. (2015). Teen options for change: an intervention for young emergency patients who screen positive for suicide risk. Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.), 66(1), 97– 100. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201300347"
        },
        {
          "study": "March 2004",
          "ref": "March, J., Silva, S., Petrycki, S., Curry, J., Wells, K., Fairbank, J., Burns, B., Domino, M., McNulty, S., Vitiello, B., Severe, J., & Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) Team (2004). Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression: Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 292(7), 807–820. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.7.807"
        },
        {
          "study": "March 2004 study 2",
          "ref": "March, J., Silva, S., Petrycki, S., Curry, J., Wells, K., Fairbank, J., Burns, B., Domino, M., McNulty, S., Vitiello, B., Severe, J., & Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) Team (2004). Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression: Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 292(7), 807–820. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.7.807"
        },
        {
          "study": "McManama O'Brien 2018",
          "ref": "McManama O'Brien, K. H., Sellers, C. M., Battalen, A. W., Ryan, C. A., Maneta, E. K., Aguinaldo, L. D., White, E., & Spirito, A. (2018). Feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of a brief alcohol intervention for suicidal adolescents in inpatient psychiatric treatment. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 94, 105–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2018.08.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Melvin 2006",
          "ref": "Melvin, G. A., Tonge, B. J., King, N. J., Heyne, D., Gordon, M. S., & Klimkeit, E. (2006). A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy, sertraline, and their combination for adolescent depression. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(10), 1151–1161. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000233157.21925.71"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nunez 2024",
          "ref": "Nuñez, D., Meza, D., Andaur, J., Robinson, J., & Gaete, J. (2024). Reframe-IT+, an indicated preventive school-based intervention, reduces suicidal ideation among adolescents in vulnerable contexts in Chile. BMC psychology, 12(1), 780."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "study": "Donaldson 2005",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Grupp-Phelan 2019",
          "ref": "Grupp-Phelan, J., Stevens, J., Boyd, S., Cohen, D. M., Ammerman, R. T., Liddy-Hicks, S., ... & Bridge, J. A. (2019). Effect of a motivational interviewing–based intervention on initiation of mental health treatment and mental health after an emergency department visit among suicidal adolescents: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA network open, 2(12), e1917941-e1917941."
        },
        {
          "study": "King 2015",
          "ref": "King, C. A., Gipson, P. Y., Horwitz, A. G., & Opperman, K. J. (2015). Teen options for change: an intervention for young emergency patients who screen positive for suicide risk. Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.), 66(1), 97– 100. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201300347"
        },
        {
          "study": "March 2004",
          "ref": "March, J., Silva, S., Petrycki, S., Curry, J., Wells, K., Fairbank, J., Burns, B., Domino, M., McNulty, S., Vitiello, B., Severe, J., & Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) Team (2004). Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression: Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 292(7), 807–820. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.7.807"
        },
        {
          "study": "March 2004 study 2",
          "ref": "March, J., Silva, S., Petrycki, S., Curry, J., Wells, K., Fairbank, J., Burns, B., Domino, M., McNulty, S., Vitiello, B., Severe, J., & Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) Team (2004). Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression: Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 292(7), 807–820. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.7.807"
        },
        {
          "study": "McManama O'Brien 2018",
          "ref": "McManama O'Brien, K. H., Sellers, C. M., Battalen, A. W., Ryan, C. A., Maneta, E. K., Aguinaldo, L. D., White, E., & Spirito, A. (2018). Feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of a brief alcohol intervention for suicidal adolescents in inpatient psychiatric treatment. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 94, 105–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2018.08.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Melvin 2006",
          "ref": "Melvin, G. A., Tonge, B. J., King, N. J., Heyne, D., Gordon, M. S., & Klimkeit, E. (2006). A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy, sertraline, and their combination for adolescent depression. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(10), 1151–1161. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000233157.21925.71"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nunez 2024",
          "ref": "Nuñez, D., Meza, D., Andaur, J., Robinson, J., & Gaete, J. (2024). Reframe-IT+, an indicated preventive school-based intervention, reduces suicidal ideation among adolescents in vulnerable contexts in Chile. BMC psychology, 12(1), 780."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2012,
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      "full": "Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire",
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        {
          "study": "Donaldson 2005",
          "ref": "Donaldson, D., Spirito, A., & Esposito-Smythers, C. (2005). Treatment for adolescents following a suicide attempt: results of a pilot trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 44(2), 113–120. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200502000-00003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Grupp-Phelan 2019",
          "ref": "Grupp-Phelan, J., Stevens, J., Boyd, S., Cohen, D. M., Ammerman, R. T., Liddy-Hicks, S., ... & Bridge, J. A. (2019). Effect of a motivational interviewing–based intervention on initiation of mental health treatment and mental health after an emergency department visit among suicidal adolescents: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA network open, 2(12), e1917941-e1917941."
        },
        {
          "study": "Harrington 1998",
          "ref": "Harrington, R., Kerfoot, M., Dyer, E., McNiven, F., Gill, J., Harrington, V., Woodham, A., & Byford, S. (1998). Randomized trial of a home-based family intervention for children who have deliberately poisoned themselves. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 37(5), 512– 518."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hazell 2009",
          "ref": "Hazell, P. L., Martin, G., Mcgill, K., Kay, T., Wood, A., Trainor, G., & Harrington, R. (2009). Group therapy for repeated deliberate self-harm in adolescents: failure of replication of a randomized trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 48(6), 662–670. https://doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181aOacec"
        },
        {
          "study": "King 2015",
          "ref": "King, C. A., Gipson, P. Y., Horwitz, A. G., & Opperman, K. J. (2015). Teen options for change: an intervention for young emergency patients who screen positive for suicide risk. Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.), 66(1), 97– 100. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201300347"
        },
        {
          "study": "March 2004",
          "ref": "March, J., Silva, S., Petrycki, S., Curry, J., Wells, K., Fairbank, J., Burns, B., Domino, M., McNulty, S., Vitiello, B., Severe, J., & Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) Team (2004). Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression: Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 292(7), 807–820. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.7.807"
        },
        {
          "study": "March 2004 study 2",
          "ref": "March, J., Silva, S., Petrycki, S., Curry, J., Wells, K., Fairbank, J., Burns, B., Domino, M., McNulty, S., Vitiello, B., Severe, J., & Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) Team (2004). Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression: Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 292(7), 807–820. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.7.807"
        },
        {
          "study": "McManama O'Brien 2018",
          "ref": "McManama O'Brien, K. H., Sellers, C. M., Battalen, A. W., Ryan, C. A., Maneta, E. K., Aguinaldo, L. D., White, E., & Spirito, A. (2018). Feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of a brief alcohol intervention for suicidal adolescents in inpatient psychiatric treatment. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 94, 105–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2018.08.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Melvin 2006",
          "ref": "Melvin, G. A., Tonge, B. J., King, N. J., Heyne, D., Gordon, M. S., & Klimkeit, E. (2006). A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy, sertraline, and their combination for adolescent depression. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(10), 1151–1161. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000233157.21925.71"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nunez 2024",
          "ref": "Nuñez, D., Meza, D., Andaur, J., Robinson, J., & Gaete, J. (2024). Reframe-IT+, an indicated preventive school-based intervention, reduces suicidal ideation among adolescents in vulnerable contexts in Chile. BMC psychology, 12(1), 780."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2013,
      "instr": "SIQ",
      "full": "Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire",
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      "sg": "Recruitment",
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      "sd": 35.584,
      "lo": 26.27,
      "hi": 48.2,
      "tau2": 0.0859,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 18.583,
      "phi": 68.14,
      "i2": 91,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Donaldson 2005",
          "ref": "Donaldson, D., Spirito, A., & Esposito-Smythers, C. (2005). Treatment for adolescents following a suicide attempt: results of a pilot trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 44(2), 113–120. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200502000-00003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Harrington 1998",
          "ref": "Harrington, R., Kerfoot, M., Dyer, E., McNiven, F., Gill, J., Harrington, V., Woodham, A., & Byford, S. (1998). Randomized trial of a home-based family intervention for children who have deliberately poisoned themselves. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 37(5), 512– 518."
        },
        {
          "study": "McManama O'Brien 2018",
          "ref": "McManama O'Brien, K. H., Sellers, C. M., Battalen, A. W., Ryan, C. A., Maneta, E. K., Aguinaldo, L. D., White, E., & Spirito, A. (2018). Feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of a brief alcohol intervention for suicidal adolescents in inpatient psychiatric treatment. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 94, 105–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2018.08.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Melvin 2006",
          "ref": "Melvin, G. A., Tonge, B. J., King, N. J., Heyne, D., Gordon, M. S., & Klimkeit, E. (2006). A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy, sertraline, and their combination for adolescent depression. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(10), 1151–1161. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000233157.21925.71"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2014,
      "instr": "SIQ",
      "full": "Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Recruitment",
      "sgv": "Clinic",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 10,
      "k_es": 10,
      "sd": 21.963,
      "lo": 14.043,
      "hi": 34.348,
      "tau2": 0.1917,
      "tau2w": 0.1917,
      "plo": 6.144,
      "phi": 78.512,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Donaldson 2005",
          "ref": "Donaldson, D., Spirito, A., & Esposito-Smythers, C. (2005). Treatment for adolescents following a suicide attempt: results of a pilot trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 44(2), 113–120. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200502000-00003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Grupp-Phelan 2019",
          "ref": "Grupp-Phelan, J., Stevens, J., Boyd, S., Cohen, D. M., Ammerman, R. T., Liddy-Hicks, S., ... & Bridge, J. A. (2019). Effect of a motivational interviewing–based intervention on initiation of mental health treatment and mental health after an emergency department visit among suicidal adolescents: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA network open, 2(12), e1917941-e1917941."
        },
        {
          "study": "Harrington 1998",
          "ref": "Harrington, R., Kerfoot, M., Dyer, E., McNiven, F., Gill, J., Harrington, V., Woodham, A., & Byford, S. (1998). Randomized trial of a home-based family intervention for children who have deliberately poisoned themselves. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 37(5), 512– 518."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hazell 2009",
          "ref": "Hazell, P. L., Martin, G., Mcgill, K., Kay, T., Wood, A., Trainor, G., & Harrington, R. (2009). Group therapy for repeated deliberate self-harm in adolescents: failure of replication of a randomized trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 48(6), 662–670. https://doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181aOacec"
        },
        {
          "study": "King 2015",
          "ref": "King, C. A., Gipson, P. Y., Horwitz, A. G., & Opperman, K. J. (2015). Teen options for change: an intervention for young emergency patients who screen positive for suicide risk. Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.), 66(1), 97– 100. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201300347"
        },
        {
          "study": "March 2004",
          "ref": "March, J., Silva, S., Petrycki, S., Curry, J., Wells, K., Fairbank, J., Burns, B., Domino, M., McNulty, S., Vitiello, B., Severe, J., & Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) Team (2004). Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression: Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 292(7), 807–820. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.7.807"
        },
        {
          "study": "March 2004 study 2",
          "ref": "March, J., Silva, S., Petrycki, S., Curry, J., Wells, K., Fairbank, J., Burns, B., Domino, M., McNulty, S., Vitiello, B., Severe, J., & Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) Team (2004). Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression: Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 292(7), 807–820. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.7.807"
        },
        {
          "study": "McManama O'Brien 2018",
          "ref": "McManama O'Brien, K. H., Sellers, C. M., Battalen, A. W., Ryan, C. A., Maneta, E. K., Aguinaldo, L. D., White, E., & Spirito, A. (2018). Feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of a brief alcohol intervention for suicidal adolescents in inpatient psychiatric treatment. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 94, 105–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2018.08.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Melvin 2006",
          "ref": "Melvin, G. A., Tonge, B. J., King, N. J., Heyne, D., Gordon, M. S., & Klimkeit, E. (2006). A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy, sertraline, and their combination for adolescent depression. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(10), 1151–1161. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000233157.21925.71"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nunez 2024",
          "ref": "Nuñez, D., Meza, D., Andaur, J., Robinson, J., & Gaete, J. (2024). Reframe-IT+, an indicated preventive school-based intervention, reduces suicidal ideation among adolescents in vulnerable contexts in Chile. BMC psychology, 12(1), 780."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2015,
      "instr": "SIQ",
      "full": "Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Recruitment",
      "sgv": "Community",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 3,
      "k_es": 3,
      "sd": 12.425,
      "lo": 9.876,
      "hi": 15.632,
      "tau2": 0.0378,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 7.965,
      "phi": 19.383,
      "i2": 92.5,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "March 2004",
          "ref": "March, J., Silva, S., Petrycki, S., Curry, J., Wells, K., Fairbank, J., Burns, B., Domino, M., McNulty, S., Vitiello, B., Severe, J., & Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) Team (2004). Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression: Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 292(7), 807–820. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.7.807"
        },
        {
          "study": "March 2004 study 2",
          "ref": "March, J., Silva, S., Petrycki, S., Curry, J., Wells, K., Fairbank, J., Burns, B., Domino, M., McNulty, S., Vitiello, B., Severe, J., & Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) Team (2004). Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression: Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 292(7), 807–820. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.7.807"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nunez 2024",
          "ref": "Nuñez, D., Meza, D., Andaur, J., Robinson, J., & Gaete, J. (2024). Reframe-IT+, an indicated preventive school-based intervention, reduces suicidal ideation among adolescents in vulnerable contexts in Chile. BMC psychology, 12(1), 780."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2016,
      "instr": "SIQ",
      "full": "Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Recruitment",
      "sgv": "Community",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 10,
      "k_es": 10,
      "sd": 21.963,
      "lo": 14.043,
      "hi": 34.348,
      "tau2": 0.1917,
      "tau2w": 0.1917,
      "plo": 6.144,
      "phi": 78.512,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Donaldson 2005",
          "ref": "Donaldson, D., Spirito, A., & Esposito-Smythers, C. (2005). Treatment for adolescents following a suicide attempt: results of a pilot trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 44(2), 113–120. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200502000-00003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Grupp-Phelan 2019",
          "ref": "Grupp-Phelan, J., Stevens, J., Boyd, S., Cohen, D. M., Ammerman, R. T., Liddy-Hicks, S., ... & Bridge, J. A. (2019). Effect of a motivational interviewing–based intervention on initiation of mental health treatment and mental health after an emergency department visit among suicidal adolescents: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA network open, 2(12), e1917941-e1917941."
        },
        {
          "study": "Harrington 1998",
          "ref": "Harrington, R., Kerfoot, M., Dyer, E., McNiven, F., Gill, J., Harrington, V., Woodham, A., & Byford, S. (1998). Randomized trial of a home-based family intervention for children who have deliberately poisoned themselves. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 37(5), 512– 518."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hazell 2009",
          "ref": "Hazell, P. L., Martin, G., Mcgill, K., Kay, T., Wood, A., Trainor, G., & Harrington, R. (2009). Group therapy for repeated deliberate self-harm in adolescents: failure of replication of a randomized trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 48(6), 662–670. https://doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181aOacec"
        },
        {
          "study": "King 2015",
          "ref": "King, C. A., Gipson, P. Y., Horwitz, A. G., & Opperman, K. J. (2015). Teen options for change: an intervention for young emergency patients who screen positive for suicide risk. Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.), 66(1), 97– 100. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201300347"
        },
        {
          "study": "March 2004",
          "ref": "March, J., Silva, S., Petrycki, S., Curry, J., Wells, K., Fairbank, J., Burns, B., Domino, M., McNulty, S., Vitiello, B., Severe, J., & Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) Team (2004). Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression: Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 292(7), 807–820. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.7.807"
        },
        {
          "study": "March 2004 study 2",
          "ref": "March, J., Silva, S., Petrycki, S., Curry, J., Wells, K., Fairbank, J., Burns, B., Domino, M., McNulty, S., Vitiello, B., Severe, J., & Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) Team (2004). Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression: Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 292(7), 807–820. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.7.807"
        },
        {
          "study": "McManama O'Brien 2018",
          "ref": "McManama O'Brien, K. H., Sellers, C. M., Battalen, A. W., Ryan, C. A., Maneta, E. K., Aguinaldo, L. D., White, E., & Spirito, A. (2018). Feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of a brief alcohol intervention for suicidal adolescents in inpatient psychiatric treatment. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 94, 105–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2018.08.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Melvin 2006",
          "ref": "Melvin, G. A., Tonge, B. J., King, N. J., Heyne, D., Gordon, M. S., & Klimkeit, E. (2006). A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy, sertraline, and their combination for adolescent depression. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(10), 1151–1161. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000233157.21925.71"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nunez 2024",
          "ref": "Nuñez, D., Meza, D., Andaur, J., Robinson, J., & Gaete, J. (2024). Reframe-IT+, an indicated preventive school-based intervention, reduces suicidal ideation among adolescents in vulnerable contexts in Chile. BMC psychology, 12(1), 780."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2017,
      "instr": "SIQ",
      "full": "Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Not low risk of bias",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 10,
      "k_es": 10,
      "sd": 21.963,
      "lo": 14.909,
      "hi": 32.352,
      "tau2": 0.3834,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 6.144,
      "phi": 78.512,
      "i2": 98.8,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Donaldson 2005",
          "ref": "Donaldson, D., Spirito, A., & Esposito-Smythers, C. (2005). Treatment for adolescents following a suicide attempt: results of a pilot trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 44(2), 113–120. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200502000-00003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Grupp-Phelan 2019",
          "ref": "Grupp-Phelan, J., Stevens, J., Boyd, S., Cohen, D. M., Ammerman, R. T., Liddy-Hicks, S., ... & Bridge, J. A. (2019). Effect of a motivational interviewing–based intervention on initiation of mental health treatment and mental health after an emergency department visit among suicidal adolescents: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA network open, 2(12), e1917941-e1917941."
        },
        {
          "study": "Harrington 1998",
          "ref": "Harrington, R., Kerfoot, M., Dyer, E., McNiven, F., Gill, J., Harrington, V., Woodham, A., & Byford, S. (1998). Randomized trial of a home-based family intervention for children who have deliberately poisoned themselves. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 37(5), 512– 518."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hazell 2009",
          "ref": "Hazell, P. L., Martin, G., Mcgill, K., Kay, T., Wood, A., Trainor, G., & Harrington, R. (2009). Group therapy for repeated deliberate self-harm in adolescents: failure of replication of a randomized trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 48(6), 662–670. https://doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181aOacec"
        },
        {
          "study": "King 2015",
          "ref": "King, C. A., Gipson, P. Y., Horwitz, A. G., & Opperman, K. J. (2015). Teen options for change: an intervention for young emergency patients who screen positive for suicide risk. Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.), 66(1), 97– 100. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201300347"
        },
        {
          "study": "March 2004",
          "ref": "March, J., Silva, S., Petrycki, S., Curry, J., Wells, K., Fairbank, J., Burns, B., Domino, M., McNulty, S., Vitiello, B., Severe, J., & Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) Team (2004). Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression: Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 292(7), 807–820. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.7.807"
        },
        {
          "study": "March 2004 study 2",
          "ref": "March, J., Silva, S., Petrycki, S., Curry, J., Wells, K., Fairbank, J., Burns, B., Domino, M., McNulty, S., Vitiello, B., Severe, J., & Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) Team (2004). Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression: Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 292(7), 807–820. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.7.807"
        },
        {
          "study": "McManama O'Brien 2018",
          "ref": "McManama O'Brien, K. H., Sellers, C. M., Battalen, A. W., Ryan, C. A., Maneta, E. K., Aguinaldo, L. D., White, E., & Spirito, A. (2018). Feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of a brief alcohol intervention for suicidal adolescents in inpatient psychiatric treatment. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 94, 105–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2018.08.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Melvin 2006",
          "ref": "Melvin, G. A., Tonge, B. J., King, N. J., Heyne, D., Gordon, M. S., & Klimkeit, E. (2006). A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy, sertraline, and their combination for adolescent depression. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(10), 1151–1161. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000233157.21925.71"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nunez 2024",
          "ref": "Nuñez, D., Meza, D., Andaur, J., Robinson, J., & Gaete, J. (2024). Reframe-IT+, an indicated preventive school-based intervention, reduces suicidal ideation among adolescents in vulnerable contexts in Chile. BMC psychology, 12(1), 780."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2018,
      "instr": "SIQ",
      "full": "Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Not low risk of bias",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 10,
      "k_es": 10,
      "sd": 21.963,
      "lo": 14.043,
      "hi": 34.348,
      "tau2": 0.1917,
      "tau2w": 0.1917,
      "plo": 6.144,
      "phi": 78.512,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Donaldson 2005",
          "ref": "Donaldson, D., Spirito, A., & Esposito-Smythers, C. (2005). Treatment for adolescents following a suicide attempt: results of a pilot trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 44(2), 113–120. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200502000-00003"
        },
        {
          "study": "Grupp-Phelan 2019",
          "ref": "Grupp-Phelan, J., Stevens, J., Boyd, S., Cohen, D. M., Ammerman, R. T., Liddy-Hicks, S., ... & Bridge, J. A. (2019). Effect of a motivational interviewing–based intervention on initiation of mental health treatment and mental health after an emergency department visit among suicidal adolescents: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA network open, 2(12), e1917941-e1917941."
        },
        {
          "study": "Harrington 1998",
          "ref": "Harrington, R., Kerfoot, M., Dyer, E., McNiven, F., Gill, J., Harrington, V., Woodham, A., & Byford, S. (1998). Randomized trial of a home-based family intervention for children who have deliberately poisoned themselves. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 37(5), 512– 518."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hazell 2009",
          "ref": "Hazell, P. L., Martin, G., Mcgill, K., Kay, T., Wood, A., Trainor, G., & Harrington, R. (2009). Group therapy for repeated deliberate self-harm in adolescents: failure of replication of a randomized trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 48(6), 662–670. https://doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181aOacec"
        },
        {
          "study": "King 2015",
          "ref": "King, C. A., Gipson, P. Y., Horwitz, A. G., & Opperman, K. J. (2015). Teen options for change: an intervention for young emergency patients who screen positive for suicide risk. Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.), 66(1), 97– 100. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201300347"
        },
        {
          "study": "March 2004",
          "ref": "March, J., Silva, S., Petrycki, S., Curry, J., Wells, K., Fairbank, J., Burns, B., Domino, M., McNulty, S., Vitiello, B., Severe, J., & Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) Team (2004). Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression: Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 292(7), 807–820. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.7.807"
        },
        {
          "study": "March 2004 study 2",
          "ref": "March, J., Silva, S., Petrycki, S., Curry, J., Wells, K., Fairbank, J., Burns, B., Domino, M., McNulty, S., Vitiello, B., Severe, J., & Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) Team (2004). Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression: Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 292(7), 807–820. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.7.807"
        },
        {
          "study": "McManama O'Brien 2018",
          "ref": "McManama O'Brien, K. H., Sellers, C. M., Battalen, A. W., Ryan, C. A., Maneta, E. K., Aguinaldo, L. D., White, E., & Spirito, A. (2018). Feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of a brief alcohol intervention for suicidal adolescents in inpatient psychiatric treatment. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 94, 105–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2018.08.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Melvin 2006",
          "ref": "Melvin, G. A., Tonge, B. J., King, N. J., Heyne, D., Gordon, M. S., & Klimkeit, E. (2006). A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy, sertraline, and their combination for adolescent depression. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(10), 1151–1161. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000233157.21925.71"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nunez 2024",
          "ref": "Nuñez, D., Meza, D., Andaur, J., Robinson, J., & Gaete, J. (2024). Reframe-IT+, an indicated preventive school-based intervention, reduces suicidal ideation among adolescents in vulnerable contexts in Chile. BMC psychology, 12(1), 780."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2019,
      "instr": "SPAI",
      "full": "Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 9,
      "k_es": 14,
      "sd": 24.904,
      "lo": 22.468,
      "hi": 27.604,
      "tau2": 0.0158,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 19.07,
      "phi": 32.523,
      "i2": 70.8,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Beidel, 2014",
          "ref": "Beidel, D. C., Alfano, C. A., Kofler, M. J., Rao, P. A., Scharfstein, L., & Wong Sarver, N. (2014). The impact of social skills training for social anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. J Anxiety Disord, 28(8), 908-918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.09.016 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson, 2004",
          "ref": "Davidson, J. R., Foa, E. B., Huppert, J. D., Keefe, F. J., Franklin, M. E., Compton, J. S., Zhao, N., Connor, K. M., Lynch, T. R., & Gadde, K. M. (2004). Fluoxetine, comprehensive cognitive behavioral therapy, and placebo in generalized social phobia. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 61(10), 1005-1013. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.61.10.1005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Gruber, 2001",
          "ref": "Gruber, K., Moran, P. J., Roth, W. T., & Taylor, C. B. (2001). Computer-assisted cognitive behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Behavior Therapy, 32(1), 155‐165. https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00395686/full "
        },
        {
          "study": "Leichsenring, 2013",
          "ref": "Leichsenring, F., Salzer, S., Beutel, M. E., Herpertz, S., Hiller, W., Hoyer, J., Huesing, J., Joraschky, P., Nolting, B., Poehlmann, K., Ritter, V., Stangier, U., Strauss, B., Stuhldreher, N., Tefikow, S., Teismann, T., Willutzki, U., Wiltink, J., & Leibing, E. (2013). Psychodynamic therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in social anxiety disorder: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry, 170(7), 759-767. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12081125 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Newman, 1994",
          "ref": "Newman, M. G., Hofmann, S. G., Trabert, W., Roth, W. T., & Taylor, C. B. (1994). Does behavioral treatment of social phobia lead to cognitive changes? Behav Ther, 25(3), 503-517. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80160-1 "
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ayar 2020",
          "ref": "Ayar, D., & Sabanciogullari, S. (2021). The effect of a solution‐oriented approach in depressive patients on social functioning levels and suicide probability. Perspectives in psychiatric care, 57(1), 235-245."
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
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          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Eskin 2008",
          "ref": "Eskin, M., Ertekin, K. & Demir, H. Efficacy of a Problem-Solving Therapy for Depression and Suicide Potential in Adolescents and Young Adults. Cogn Ther Res 32, 227–245 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-007-9172-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Gruber, 2001",
          "ref": "Gruber, K., Moran, P. J., Roth, W. T., & Taylor, C. B. (2001). Computer-assisted cognitive behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Behavior Therapy, 32(1), 155‐165. https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00395686/full "
        },
        {
          "study": "Haddock 2019",
          "ref": "Haddock, G., Pratt, D., Gooding, P. A., Peters, S., Emsley, R., Evans, E., Kelly, J., Huggett, C., Munro, A., Harris, K., Davies, L., & Awenat, Y. (2019). Feasibility and acceptability of suicide prevention therapy on acute psychiatric wards: randomised controlled trial. BJPsych open, 5(1), e14. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2018.85"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Robillard, 2010",
          "ref": "Robillard, G., Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Guitard, T., & Klinger, E. (2010). Using virtual humans to alleviate social anxiety: preliminary report from a comparative outcome study. Stud Health Technol Inform, 154, 57-60. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-561-7-57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2064,
      "instr": "SPS",
      "full": "Social Phobia Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Three-level CHE model",
      "k": 28,
      "k_es": 43,
      "sd": 13.672,
      "lo": 12.883,
      "hi": 14.509,
      "tau2": 0.0147,
      "tau2w": 0.001,
      "plo": 10.624,
      "phi": 17.594,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ayar 2020",
          "ref": "Ayar, D., & Sabanciogullari, S. (2021). The effect of a solution‐oriented approach in depressive patients on social functioning levels and suicide probability. Perspectives in psychiatric care, 57(1), 235-245."
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Eskin 2008",
          "ref": "Eskin, M., Ertekin, K. & Demir, H. Efficacy of a Problem-Solving Therapy for Depression and Suicide Potential in Adolescents and Young Adults. Cogn Ther Res 32, 227–245 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-007-9172-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Gruber, 2001",
          "ref": "Gruber, K., Moran, P. J., Roth, W. T., & Taylor, C. B. (2001). Computer-assisted cognitive behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Behavior Therapy, 32(1), 155‐165. https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00395686/full "
        },
        {
          "study": "Haddock 2019",
          "ref": "Haddock, G., Pratt, D., Gooding, P. A., Peters, S., Emsley, R., Evans, E., Kelly, J., Huggett, C., Munro, A., Harris, K., Davies, L., & Awenat, Y. (2019). Feasibility and acceptability of suicide prevention therapy on acute psychiatric wards: randomised controlled trial. BJPsych open, 5(1), e14. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2018.85"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Robillard, 2010",
          "ref": "Robillard, G., Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Guitard, T., & Klinger, E. (2010). Using virtual humans to alleviate social anxiety: preliminary report from a comparative outcome study. Stud Health Technol Inform, 154, 57-60. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-561-7-57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2065,
      "instr": "SPS",
      "full": "Social Phobia Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Fixed-effect",
      "k": 28,
      "k_es": 43,
      "sd": 13.919,
      "lo": 13.507,
      "hi": 14.344,
      "tau2": null,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": null,
      "phi": null,
      "i2": 67.5,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ayar 2020",
          "ref": "Ayar, D., & Sabanciogullari, S. (2021). The effect of a solution‐oriented approach in depressive patients on social functioning levels and suicide probability. Perspectives in psychiatric care, 57(1), 235-245."
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Eskin 2008",
          "ref": "Eskin, M., Ertekin, K. & Demir, H. Efficacy of a Problem-Solving Therapy for Depression and Suicide Potential in Adolescents and Young Adults. Cogn Ther Res 32, 227–245 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-007-9172-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Gruber, 2001",
          "ref": "Gruber, K., Moran, P. J., Roth, W. T., & Taylor, C. B. (2001). Computer-assisted cognitive behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Behavior Therapy, 32(1), 155‐165. https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00395686/full "
        },
        {
          "study": "Haddock 2019",
          "ref": "Haddock, G., Pratt, D., Gooding, P. A., Peters, S., Emsley, R., Evans, E., Kelly, J., Huggett, C., Munro, A., Harris, K., Davies, L., & Awenat, Y. (2019). Feasibility and acceptability of suicide prevention therapy on acute psychiatric wards: randomised controlled trial. BJPsych open, 5(1), e14. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2018.85"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Robillard, 2010",
          "ref": "Robillard, G., Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Guitard, T., & Klinger, E. (2010). Using virtual humans to alleviate social anxiety: preliminary report from a comparative outcome study. Stud Health Technol Inform, 154, 57-60. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-561-7-57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2066,
      "instr": "SPS",
      "full": "Social Phobia Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Outliers removed (sensitivity)",
      "k": 23,
      "k_es": 35,
      "sd": 14.004,
      "lo": 13.459,
      "hi": 14.571,
      "tau2": 0.0023,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 12.648,
      "phi": 15.506,
      "i2": 25.5,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ayar 2020",
          "ref": "Ayar, D., & Sabanciogullari, S. (2021). The effect of a solution‐oriented approach in depressive patients on social functioning levels and suicide probability. Perspectives in psychiatric care, 57(1), 235-245."
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Eskin 2008",
          "ref": "Eskin, M., Ertekin, K. & Demir, H. Efficacy of a Problem-Solving Therapy for Depression and Suicide Potential in Adolescents and Young Adults. Cogn Ther Res 32, 227–245 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-007-9172-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Gruber, 2001",
          "ref": "Gruber, K., Moran, P. J., Roth, W. T., & Taylor, C. B. (2001). Computer-assisted cognitive behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Behavior Therapy, 32(1), 155‐165. https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00395686/full "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Robillard, 2010",
          "ref": "Robillard, G., Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Guitard, T., & Klinger, E. (2010). Using virtual humans to alleviate social anxiety: preliminary report from a comparative outcome study. Stud Health Technol Inform, 154, 57-60. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-561-7-57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2067,
      "instr": "SPS",
      "full": "Social Phobia Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Influence analysis (sensitivity)",
      "k": 27,
      "k_es": 42,
      "sd": 13.905,
      "lo": 13.231,
      "hi": 14.613,
      "tau2": 0.0096,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 11.402,
      "phi": 16.957,
      "i2": 59.2,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ayar 2020",
          "ref": "Ayar, D., & Sabanciogullari, S. (2021). The effect of a solution‐oriented approach in depressive patients on social functioning levels and suicide probability. Perspectives in psychiatric care, 57(1), 235-245."
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Eskin 2008",
          "ref": "Eskin, M., Ertekin, K. & Demir, H. Efficacy of a Problem-Solving Therapy for Depression and Suicide Potential in Adolescents and Young Adults. Cogn Ther Res 32, 227–245 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-007-9172-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Gruber, 2001",
          "ref": "Gruber, K., Moran, P. J., Roth, W. T., & Taylor, C. B. (2001). Computer-assisted cognitive behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Behavior Therapy, 32(1), 155‐165. https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00395686/full "
        },
        {
          "study": "Haddock 2019",
          "ref": "Haddock, G., Pratt, D., Gooding, P. A., Peters, S., Emsley, R., Evans, E., Kelly, J., Huggett, C., Munro, A., Harris, K., Davies, L., & Awenat, Y. (2019). Feasibility and acceptability of suicide prevention therapy on acute psychiatric wards: randomised controlled trial. BJPsych open, 5(1), e14. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2018.85"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Robillard, 2010",
          "ref": "Robillard, G., Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Guitard, T., & Klinger, E. (2010). Using virtual humans to alleviate social anxiety: preliminary report from a comparative outcome study. Stud Health Technol Inform, 154, 57-60. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-561-7-57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
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        {
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          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ayar 2020",
          "ref": "Ayar, D., & Sabanciogullari, S. (2021). The effect of a solution‐oriented approach in depressive patients on social functioning levels and suicide probability. Perspectives in psychiatric care, 57(1), 235-245."
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Gruber, 2001",
          "ref": "Gruber, K., Moran, P. J., Roth, W. T., & Taylor, C. B. (2001). Computer-assisted cognitive behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Behavior Therapy, 32(1), 155‐165. https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00395686/full "
        },
        {
          "study": "Haddock 2019",
          "ref": "Haddock, G., Pratt, D., Gooding, P. A., Peters, S., Emsley, R., Evans, E., Kelly, J., Huggett, C., Munro, A., Harris, K., Davies, L., & Awenat, Y. (2019). Feasibility and acceptability of suicide prevention therapy on acute psychiatric wards: randomised controlled trial. BJPsych open, 5(1), e14. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2018.85"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Robillard, 2010",
          "ref": "Robillard, G., Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Guitard, T., & Klinger, E. (2010). Using virtual humans to alleviate social anxiety: preliminary report from a comparative outcome study. Stud Health Technol Inform, 154, 57-60. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-561-7-57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
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        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ayar 2020",
          "ref": "Ayar, D., & Sabanciogullari, S. (2021). The effect of a solution‐oriented approach in depressive patients on social functioning levels and suicide probability. Perspectives in psychiatric care, 57(1), 235-245."
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Eskin 2008",
          "ref": "Eskin, M., Ertekin, K. & Demir, H. Efficacy of a Problem-Solving Therapy for Depression and Suicide Potential in Adolescents and Young Adults. Cogn Ther Res 32, 227–245 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-007-9172-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Gruber, 2001",
          "ref": "Gruber, K., Moran, P. J., Roth, W. T., & Taylor, C. B. (2001). Computer-assisted cognitive behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Behavior Therapy, 32(1), 155‐165. https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00395686/full "
        },
        {
          "study": "Haddock 2019",
          "ref": "Haddock, G., Pratt, D., Gooding, P. A., Peters, S., Emsley, R., Evans, E., Kelly, J., Huggett, C., Munro, A., Harris, K., Davies, L., & Awenat, Y. (2019). Feasibility and acceptability of suicide prevention therapy on acute psychiatric wards: randomised controlled trial. BJPsych open, 5(1), e14. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2018.85"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Robillard, 2010",
          "ref": "Robillard, G., Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Guitard, T., & Klinger, E. (2010). Using virtual humans to alleviate social anxiety: preliminary report from a comparative outcome study. Stud Health Technol Inform, 154, 57-60. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-561-7-57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        }
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        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Gruber, 2001",
          "ref": "Gruber, K., Moran, P. J., Roth, W. T., & Taylor, C. B. (2001). Computer-assisted cognitive behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Behavior Therapy, 32(1), 155‐165. https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00395686/full "
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Robillard, 2010",
          "ref": "Robillard, G., Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Guitard, T., & Klinger, E. (2010). Using virtual humans to alleviate social anxiety: preliminary report from a comparative outcome study. Stud Health Technol Inform, 154, 57-60. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-561-7-57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        }
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        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ayar 2020",
          "ref": "Ayar, D., & Sabanciogullari, S. (2021). The effect of a solution‐oriented approach in depressive patients on social functioning levels and suicide probability. Perspectives in psychiatric care, 57(1), 235-245."
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Eskin 2008",
          "ref": "Eskin, M., Ertekin, K. & Demir, H. Efficacy of a Problem-Solving Therapy for Depression and Suicide Potential in Adolescents and Young Adults. Cogn Ther Res 32, 227–245 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-007-9172-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Gruber, 2001",
          "ref": "Gruber, K., Moran, P. J., Roth, W. T., & Taylor, C. B. (2001). Computer-assisted cognitive behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Behavior Therapy, 32(1), 155‐165. https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00395686/full "
        },
        {
          "study": "Haddock 2019",
          "ref": "Haddock, G., Pratt, D., Gooding, P. A., Peters, S., Emsley, R., Evans, E., Kelly, J., Huggett, C., Munro, A., Harris, K., Davies, L., & Awenat, Y. (2019). Feasibility and acceptability of suicide prevention therapy on acute psychiatric wards: randomised controlled trial. BJPsych open, 5(1), e14. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2018.85"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Robillard, 2010",
          "ref": "Robillard, G., Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Guitard, T., & Klinger, E. (2010). Using virtual humans to alleviate social anxiety: preliminary report from a comparative outcome study. Stud Health Technol Inform, 154, 57-60. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-561-7-57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        }
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        {
          "study": "Ayar 2020",
          "ref": "Ayar, D., & Sabanciogullari, S. (2021). The effect of a solution‐oriented approach in depressive patients on social functioning levels and suicide probability. Perspectives in psychiatric care, 57(1), 235-245."
        },
        {
          "study": "Haddock 2019",
          "ref": "Haddock, G., Pratt, D., Gooding, P. A., Peters, S., Emsley, R., Evans, E., Kelly, J., Huggett, C., Munro, A., Harris, K., Davies, L., & Awenat, Y. (2019). Feasibility and acceptability of suicide prevention therapy on acute psychiatric wards: randomised controlled trial. BJPsych open, 5(1), e14. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2018.85"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        }
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    {
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        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ayar 2020",
          "ref": "Ayar, D., & Sabanciogullari, S. (2021). The effect of a solution‐oriented approach in depressive patients on social functioning levels and suicide probability. Perspectives in psychiatric care, 57(1), 235-245."
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Eskin 2008",
          "ref": "Eskin, M., Ertekin, K. & Demir, H. Efficacy of a Problem-Solving Therapy for Depression and Suicide Potential in Adolescents and Young Adults. Cogn Ther Res 32, 227–245 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-007-9172-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Gruber, 2001",
          "ref": "Gruber, K., Moran, P. J., Roth, W. T., & Taylor, C. B. (2001). Computer-assisted cognitive behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Behavior Therapy, 32(1), 155‐165. https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00395686/full "
        },
        {
          "study": "Haddock 2019",
          "ref": "Haddock, G., Pratt, D., Gooding, P. A., Peters, S., Emsley, R., Evans, E., Kelly, J., Huggett, C., Munro, A., Harris, K., Davies, L., & Awenat, Y. (2019). Feasibility and acceptability of suicide prevention therapy on acute psychiatric wards: randomised controlled trial. BJPsych open, 5(1), e14. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2018.85"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Robillard, 2010",
          "ref": "Robillard, G., Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Guitard, T., & Klinger, E. (2010). Using virtual humans to alleviate social anxiety: preliminary report from a comparative outcome study. Stud Health Technol Inform, 154, 57-60. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-561-7-57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "SPS",
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      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Control condition",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Eskin 2008",
          "ref": "Eskin, M., Ertekin, K. & Demir, H. Efficacy of a Problem-Solving Therapy for Depression and Suicide Potential in Adolescents and Young Adults. Cogn Ther Res 32, 227–245 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-007-9172-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Gruber, 2001",
          "ref": "Gruber, K., Moran, P. J., Roth, W. T., & Taylor, C. B. (2001). Computer-assisted cognitive behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Behavior Therapy, 32(1), 155‐165. https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00395686/full "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Robillard, 2010",
          "ref": "Robillard, G., Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Guitard, T., & Klinger, E. (2010). Using virtual humans to alleviate social anxiety: preliminary report from a comparative outcome study. Stud Health Technol Inform, 154, 57-60. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-561-7-57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2075,
      "instr": "SPS",
      "full": "Social Phobia Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Control condition",
      "sgv": "Waitlist",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 28,
      "k_es": 43,
      "sd": 13.672,
      "lo": 12.883,
      "hi": 14.509,
      "tau2": 0.0147,
      "tau2w": 0.001,
      "plo": 10.624,
      "phi": 17.594,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ayar 2020",
          "ref": "Ayar, D., & Sabanciogullari, S. (2021). The effect of a solution‐oriented approach in depressive patients on social functioning levels and suicide probability. Perspectives in psychiatric care, 57(1), 235-245."
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Eskin 2008",
          "ref": "Eskin, M., Ertekin, K. & Demir, H. Efficacy of a Problem-Solving Therapy for Depression and Suicide Potential in Adolescents and Young Adults. Cogn Ther Res 32, 227–245 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-007-9172-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Gruber, 2001",
          "ref": "Gruber, K., Moran, P. J., Roth, W. T., & Taylor, C. B. (2001). Computer-assisted cognitive behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Behavior Therapy, 32(1), 155‐165. https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00395686/full "
        },
        {
          "study": "Haddock 2019",
          "ref": "Haddock, G., Pratt, D., Gooding, P. A., Peters, S., Emsley, R., Evans, E., Kelly, J., Huggett, C., Munro, A., Harris, K., Davies, L., & Awenat, Y. (2019). Feasibility and acceptability of suicide prevention therapy on acute psychiatric wards: randomised controlled trial. BJPsych open, 5(1), e14. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2018.85"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Robillard, 2010",
          "ref": "Robillard, G., Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Guitard, T., & Klinger, E. (2010). Using virtual humans to alleviate social anxiety: preliminary report from a comparative outcome study. Stud Health Technol Inform, 154, 57-60. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-561-7-57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
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        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
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          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
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          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Haddock 2019",
          "ref": "Haddock, G., Pratt, D., Gooding, P. A., Peters, S., Emsley, R., Evans, E., Kelly, J., Huggett, C., Munro, A., Harris, K., Davies, L., & Awenat, Y. (2019). Feasibility and acceptability of suicide prevention therapy on acute psychiatric wards: randomised controlled trial. BJPsych open, 5(1), e14. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2018.85"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        }
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    {
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      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
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      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ayar 2020",
          "ref": "Ayar, D., & Sabanciogullari, S. (2021). The effect of a solution‐oriented approach in depressive patients on social functioning levels and suicide probability. Perspectives in psychiatric care, 57(1), 235-245."
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Eskin 2008",
          "ref": "Eskin, M., Ertekin, K. & Demir, H. Efficacy of a Problem-Solving Therapy for Depression and Suicide Potential in Adolescents and Young Adults. Cogn Ther Res 32, 227–245 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-007-9172-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Gruber, 2001",
          "ref": "Gruber, K., Moran, P. J., Roth, W. T., & Taylor, C. B. (2001). Computer-assisted cognitive behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Behavior Therapy, 32(1), 155‐165. https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00395686/full "
        },
        {
          "study": "Haddock 2019",
          "ref": "Haddock, G., Pratt, D., Gooding, P. A., Peters, S., Emsley, R., Evans, E., Kelly, J., Huggett, C., Munro, A., Harris, K., Davies, L., & Awenat, Y. (2019). Feasibility and acceptability of suicide prevention therapy on acute psychiatric wards: randomised controlled trial. BJPsych open, 5(1), e14. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2018.85"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Robillard, 2010",
          "ref": "Robillard, G., Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Guitard, T., & Klinger, E. (2010). Using virtual humans to alleviate social anxiety: preliminary report from a comparative outcome study. Stud Health Technol Inform, 154, 57-60. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-561-7-57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        }
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        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Gruber, 2001",
          "ref": "Gruber, K., Moran, P. J., Roth, W. T., & Taylor, C. B. (2001). Computer-assisted cognitive behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Behavior Therapy, 32(1), 155‐165. https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00395686/full "
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Robillard, 2010",
          "ref": "Robillard, G., Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Guitard, T., & Klinger, E. (2010). Using virtual humans to alleviate social anxiety: preliminary report from a comparative outcome study. Stud Health Technol Inform, 154, 57-60. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-561-7-57"
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        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ayar 2020",
          "ref": "Ayar, D., & Sabanciogullari, S. (2021). The effect of a solution‐oriented approach in depressive patients on social functioning levels and suicide probability. Perspectives in psychiatric care, 57(1), 235-245."
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Eskin 2008",
          "ref": "Eskin, M., Ertekin, K. & Demir, H. Efficacy of a Problem-Solving Therapy for Depression and Suicide Potential in Adolescents and Young Adults. Cogn Ther Res 32, 227–245 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-007-9172-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Gruber, 2001",
          "ref": "Gruber, K., Moran, P. J., Roth, W. T., & Taylor, C. B. (2001). Computer-assisted cognitive behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Behavior Therapy, 32(1), 155‐165. https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00395686/full "
        },
        {
          "study": "Haddock 2019",
          "ref": "Haddock, G., Pratt, D., Gooding, P. A., Peters, S., Emsley, R., Evans, E., Kelly, J., Huggett, C., Munro, A., Harris, K., Davies, L., & Awenat, Y. (2019). Feasibility and acceptability of suicide prevention therapy on acute psychiatric wards: randomised controlled trial. BJPsych open, 5(1), e14. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2018.85"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Robillard, 2010",
          "ref": "Robillard, G., Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Guitard, T., & Klinger, E. (2010). Using virtual humans to alleviate social anxiety: preliminary report from a comparative outcome study. Stud Health Technol Inform, 154, 57-60. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-561-7-57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
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          "ref": "Ayar, D., & Sabanciogullari, S. (2021). The effect of a solution‐oriented approach in depressive patients on social functioning levels and suicide probability. Perspectives in psychiatric care, 57(1), 235-245."
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          "ref": "Eskin, M., Ertekin, K. & Demir, H. Efficacy of a Problem-Solving Therapy for Depression and Suicide Potential in Adolescents and Young Adults. Cogn Ther Res 32, 227–245 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-007-9172-8"
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          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
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        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ayar 2020",
          "ref": "Ayar, D., & Sabanciogullari, S. (2021). The effect of a solution‐oriented approach in depressive patients on social functioning levels and suicide probability. Perspectives in psychiatric care, 57(1), 235-245."
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Eskin 2008",
          "ref": "Eskin, M., Ertekin, K. & Demir, H. Efficacy of a Problem-Solving Therapy for Depression and Suicide Potential in Adolescents and Young Adults. Cogn Ther Res 32, 227–245 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-007-9172-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Gruber, 2001",
          "ref": "Gruber, K., Moran, P. J., Roth, W. T., & Taylor, C. B. (2001). Computer-assisted cognitive behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Behavior Therapy, 32(1), 155‐165. https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00395686/full "
        },
        {
          "study": "Haddock 2019",
          "ref": "Haddock, G., Pratt, D., Gooding, P. A., Peters, S., Emsley, R., Evans, E., Kelly, J., Huggett, C., Munro, A., Harris, K., Davies, L., & Awenat, Y. (2019). Feasibility and acceptability of suicide prevention therapy on acute psychiatric wards: randomised controlled trial. BJPsych open, 5(1), e14. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2018.85"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Robillard, 2010",
          "ref": "Robillard, G., Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Guitard, T., & Klinger, E. (2010). Using virtual humans to alleviate social anxiety: preliminary report from a comparative outcome study. Stud Health Technol Inform, 154, 57-60. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-561-7-57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
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        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Gruber, 2001",
          "ref": "Gruber, K., Moran, P. J., Roth, W. T., & Taylor, C. B. (2001). Computer-assisted cognitive behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Behavior Therapy, 32(1), 155‐165. https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00395686/full "
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        }
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        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ayar 2020",
          "ref": "Ayar, D., & Sabanciogullari, S. (2021). The effect of a solution‐oriented approach in depressive patients on social functioning levels and suicide probability. Perspectives in psychiatric care, 57(1), 235-245."
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Eskin 2008",
          "ref": "Eskin, M., Ertekin, K. & Demir, H. Efficacy of a Problem-Solving Therapy for Depression and Suicide Potential in Adolescents and Young Adults. Cogn Ther Res 32, 227–245 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-007-9172-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Gruber, 2001",
          "ref": "Gruber, K., Moran, P. J., Roth, W. T., & Taylor, C. B. (2001). Computer-assisted cognitive behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Behavior Therapy, 32(1), 155‐165. https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00395686/full "
        },
        {
          "study": "Haddock 2019",
          "ref": "Haddock, G., Pratt, D., Gooding, P. A., Peters, S., Emsley, R., Evans, E., Kelly, J., Huggett, C., Munro, A., Harris, K., Davies, L., & Awenat, Y. (2019). Feasibility and acceptability of suicide prevention therapy on acute psychiatric wards: randomised controlled trial. BJPsych open, 5(1), e14. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2018.85"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Robillard, 2010",
          "ref": "Robillard, G., Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Guitard, T., & Klinger, E. (2010). Using virtual humans to alleviate social anxiety: preliminary report from a comparative outcome study. Stud Health Technol Inform, 154, 57-60. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-561-7-57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
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        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        }
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        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ayar 2020",
          "ref": "Ayar, D., & Sabanciogullari, S. (2021). The effect of a solution‐oriented approach in depressive patients on social functioning levels and suicide probability. Perspectives in psychiatric care, 57(1), 235-245."
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Eskin 2008",
          "ref": "Eskin, M., Ertekin, K. & Demir, H. Efficacy of a Problem-Solving Therapy for Depression and Suicide Potential in Adolescents and Young Adults. Cogn Ther Res 32, 227–245 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-007-9172-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Gruber, 2001",
          "ref": "Gruber, K., Moran, P. J., Roth, W. T., & Taylor, C. B. (2001). Computer-assisted cognitive behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Behavior Therapy, 32(1), 155‐165. https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00395686/full "
        },
        {
          "study": "Haddock 2019",
          "ref": "Haddock, G., Pratt, D., Gooding, P. A., Peters, S., Emsley, R., Evans, E., Kelly, J., Huggett, C., Munro, A., Harris, K., Davies, L., & Awenat, Y. (2019). Feasibility and acceptability of suicide prevention therapy on acute psychiatric wards: randomised controlled trial. BJPsych open, 5(1), e14. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2018.85"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Robillard, 2010",
          "ref": "Robillard, G., Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Guitard, T., & Klinger, E. (2010). Using virtual humans to alleviate social anxiety: preliminary report from a comparative outcome study. Stud Health Technol Inform, 154, 57-60. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-561-7-57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        }
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        {
          "study": "Ayar 2020",
          "ref": "Ayar, D., & Sabanciogullari, S. (2021). The effect of a solution‐oriented approach in depressive patients on social functioning levels and suicide probability. Perspectives in psychiatric care, 57(1), 235-245."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Eskin 2008",
          "ref": "Eskin, M., Ertekin, K. & Demir, H. Efficacy of a Problem-Solving Therapy for Depression and Suicide Potential in Adolescents and Young Adults. Cogn Ther Res 32, 227–245 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-007-9172-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Haddock 2019",
          "ref": "Haddock, G., Pratt, D., Gooding, P. A., Peters, S., Emsley, R., Evans, E., Kelly, J., Huggett, C., Munro, A., Harris, K., Davies, L., & Awenat, Y. (2019). Feasibility and acceptability of suicide prevention therapy on acute psychiatric wards: randomised controlled trial. BJPsych open, 5(1), e14. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2018.85"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Robillard, 2010",
          "ref": "Robillard, G., Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Guitard, T., & Klinger, E. (2010). Using virtual humans to alleviate social anxiety: preliminary report from a comparative outcome study. Stud Health Technol Inform, 154, 57-60. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-561-7-57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        }
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    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ayar 2020",
          "ref": "Ayar, D., & Sabanciogullari, S. (2021). The effect of a solution‐oriented approach in depressive patients on social functioning levels and suicide probability. Perspectives in psychiatric care, 57(1), 235-245."
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Eskin 2008",
          "ref": "Eskin, M., Ertekin, K. & Demir, H. Efficacy of a Problem-Solving Therapy for Depression and Suicide Potential in Adolescents and Young Adults. Cogn Ther Res 32, 227–245 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-007-9172-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Gruber, 2001",
          "ref": "Gruber, K., Moran, P. J., Roth, W. T., & Taylor, C. B. (2001). Computer-assisted cognitive behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Behavior Therapy, 32(1), 155‐165. https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00395686/full "
        },
        {
          "study": "Haddock 2019",
          "ref": "Haddock, G., Pratt, D., Gooding, P. A., Peters, S., Emsley, R., Evans, E., Kelly, J., Huggett, C., Munro, A., Harris, K., Davies, L., & Awenat, Y. (2019). Feasibility and acceptability of suicide prevention therapy on acute psychiatric wards: randomised controlled trial. BJPsych open, 5(1), e14. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2018.85"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Robillard, 2010",
          "ref": "Robillard, G., Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Guitard, T., & Klinger, E. (2010). Using virtual humans to alleviate social anxiety: preliminary report from a comparative outcome study. Stud Health Technol Inform, 154, 57-60. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-561-7-57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        }
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        {
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          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Robillard, 2010",
          "ref": "Robillard, G., Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Guitard, T., & Klinger, E. (2010). Using virtual humans to alleviate social anxiety: preliminary report from a comparative outcome study. Stud Health Technol Inform, 154, 57-60. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-561-7-57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        }
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ayar 2020",
          "ref": "Ayar, D., & Sabanciogullari, S. (2021). The effect of a solution‐oriented approach in depressive patients on social functioning levels and suicide probability. Perspectives in psychiatric care, 57(1), 235-245."
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Eskin 2008",
          "ref": "Eskin, M., Ertekin, K. & Demir, H. Efficacy of a Problem-Solving Therapy for Depression and Suicide Potential in Adolescents and Young Adults. Cogn Ther Res 32, 227–245 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-007-9172-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Gruber, 2001",
          "ref": "Gruber, K., Moran, P. J., Roth, W. T., & Taylor, C. B. (2001). Computer-assisted cognitive behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Behavior Therapy, 32(1), 155‐165. https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00395686/full "
        },
        {
          "study": "Haddock 2019",
          "ref": "Haddock, G., Pratt, D., Gooding, P. A., Peters, S., Emsley, R., Evans, E., Kelly, J., Huggett, C., Munro, A., Harris, K., Davies, L., & Awenat, Y. (2019). Feasibility and acceptability of suicide prevention therapy on acute psychiatric wards: randomised controlled trial. BJPsych open, 5(1), e14. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2018.85"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Robillard, 2010",
          "ref": "Robillard, G., Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Guitard, T., & Klinger, E. (2010). Using virtual humans to alleviate social anxiety: preliminary report from a comparative outcome study. Stud Health Technol Inform, 154, 57-60. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-561-7-57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        }
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        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Gruber, 2001",
          "ref": "Gruber, K., Moran, P. J., Roth, W. T., & Taylor, C. B. (2001). Computer-assisted cognitive behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Behavior Therapy, 32(1), 155‐165. https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00395686/full "
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Robillard, 2010",
          "ref": "Robillard, G., Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Guitard, T., & Klinger, E. (2010). Using virtual humans to alleviate social anxiety: preliminary report from a comparative outcome study. Stud Health Technol Inform, 154, 57-60. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-561-7-57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Rating",
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      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ayar 2020",
          "ref": "Ayar, D., & Sabanciogullari, S. (2021). The effect of a solution‐oriented approach in depressive patients on social functioning levels and suicide probability. Perspectives in psychiatric care, 57(1), 235-245."
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Eskin 2008",
          "ref": "Eskin, M., Ertekin, K. & Demir, H. Efficacy of a Problem-Solving Therapy for Depression and Suicide Potential in Adolescents and Young Adults. Cogn Ther Res 32, 227–245 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-007-9172-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Gruber, 2001",
          "ref": "Gruber, K., Moran, P. J., Roth, W. T., & Taylor, C. B. (2001). Computer-assisted cognitive behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Behavior Therapy, 32(1), 155‐165. https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00395686/full "
        },
        {
          "study": "Haddock 2019",
          "ref": "Haddock, G., Pratt, D., Gooding, P. A., Peters, S., Emsley, R., Evans, E., Kelly, J., Huggett, C., Munro, A., Harris, K., Davies, L., & Awenat, Y. (2019). Feasibility and acceptability of suicide prevention therapy on acute psychiatric wards: randomised controlled trial. BJPsych open, 5(1), e14. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2018.85"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Robillard, 2010",
          "ref": "Robillard, G., Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Guitard, T., & Klinger, E. (2010). Using virtual humans to alleviate social anxiety: preliminary report from a comparative outcome study. Stud Health Technol Inform, 154, 57-60. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-561-7-57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
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        {
          "study": "Ayar 2020",
          "ref": "Ayar, D., & Sabanciogullari, S. (2021). The effect of a solution‐oriented approach in depressive patients on social functioning levels and suicide probability. Perspectives in psychiatric care, 57(1), 235-245."
        },
        {
          "study": "Haddock 2019",
          "ref": "Haddock, G., Pratt, D., Gooding, P. A., Peters, S., Emsley, R., Evans, E., Kelly, J., Huggett, C., Munro, A., Harris, K., Davies, L., & Awenat, Y. (2019). Feasibility and acceptability of suicide prevention therapy on acute psychiatric wards: randomised controlled trial. BJPsych open, 5(1), e14. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2018.85"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        }
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        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ayar 2020",
          "ref": "Ayar, D., & Sabanciogullari, S. (2021). The effect of a solution‐oriented approach in depressive patients on social functioning levels and suicide probability. Perspectives in psychiatric care, 57(1), 235-245."
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Eskin 2008",
          "ref": "Eskin, M., Ertekin, K. & Demir, H. Efficacy of a Problem-Solving Therapy for Depression and Suicide Potential in Adolescents and Young Adults. Cogn Ther Res 32, 227–245 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-007-9172-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Gruber, 2001",
          "ref": "Gruber, K., Moran, P. J., Roth, W. T., & Taylor, C. B. (2001). Computer-assisted cognitive behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Behavior Therapy, 32(1), 155‐165. https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00395686/full "
        },
        {
          "study": "Haddock 2019",
          "ref": "Haddock, G., Pratt, D., Gooding, P. A., Peters, S., Emsley, R., Evans, E., Kelly, J., Huggett, C., Munro, A., Harris, K., Davies, L., & Awenat, Y. (2019). Feasibility and acceptability of suicide prevention therapy on acute psychiatric wards: randomised controlled trial. BJPsych open, 5(1), e14. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2018.85"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Robillard, 2010",
          "ref": "Robillard, G., Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Guitard, T., & Klinger, E. (2010). Using virtual humans to alleviate social anxiety: preliminary report from a comparative outcome study. Stud Health Technol Inform, 154, 57-60. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-561-7-57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
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        {
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        },
        {
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          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
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        {
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          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Eskin 2008",
          "ref": "Eskin, M., Ertekin, K. & Demir, H. Efficacy of a Problem-Solving Therapy for Depression and Suicide Potential in Adolescents and Young Adults. Cogn Ther Res 32, 227–245 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-007-9172-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Gruber, 2001",
          "ref": "Gruber, K., Moran, P. J., Roth, W. T., & Taylor, C. B. (2001). Computer-assisted cognitive behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Behavior Therapy, 32(1), 155‐165. https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00395686/full "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2095,
      "instr": "SPS",
      "full": "Social Phobia Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Recruitment",
      "sgv": "Community",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 28,
      "k_es": 43,
      "sd": 13.672,
      "lo": 12.883,
      "hi": 14.509,
      "tau2": 0.0147,
      "tau2w": 0.001,
      "plo": 10.624,
      "phi": 17.594,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ayar 2020",
          "ref": "Ayar, D., & Sabanciogullari, S. (2021). The effect of a solution‐oriented approach in depressive patients on social functioning levels and suicide probability. Perspectives in psychiatric care, 57(1), 235-245."
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Eskin 2008",
          "ref": "Eskin, M., Ertekin, K. & Demir, H. Efficacy of a Problem-Solving Therapy for Depression and Suicide Potential in Adolescents and Young Adults. Cogn Ther Res 32, 227–245 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-007-9172-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Gruber, 2001",
          "ref": "Gruber, K., Moran, P. J., Roth, W. T., & Taylor, C. B. (2001). Computer-assisted cognitive behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Behavior Therapy, 32(1), 155‐165. https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00395686/full "
        },
        {
          "study": "Haddock 2019",
          "ref": "Haddock, G., Pratt, D., Gooding, P. A., Peters, S., Emsley, R., Evans, E., Kelly, J., Huggett, C., Munro, A., Harris, K., Davies, L., & Awenat, Y. (2019). Feasibility and acceptability of suicide prevention therapy on acute psychiatric wards: randomised controlled trial. BJPsych open, 5(1), e14. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2018.85"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Robillard, 2010",
          "ref": "Robillard, G., Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Guitard, T., & Klinger, E. (2010). Using virtual humans to alleviate social anxiety: preliminary report from a comparative outcome study. Stud Health Technol Inform, 154, 57-60. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-561-7-57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2096,
      "instr": "SPS",
      "full": "Social Phobia Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Not low risk of bias",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 27,
      "k_es": 42,
      "sd": 13.725,
      "lo": 12.954,
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      "i2": 70.4,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ayar 2020",
          "ref": "Ayar, D., & Sabanciogullari, S. (2021). The effect of a solution‐oriented approach in depressive patients on social functioning levels and suicide probability. Perspectives in psychiatric care, 57(1), 235-245."
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Eskin 2008",
          "ref": "Eskin, M., Ertekin, K. & Demir, H. Efficacy of a Problem-Solving Therapy for Depression and Suicide Potential in Adolescents and Young Adults. Cogn Ther Res 32, 227–245 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-007-9172-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Gruber, 2001",
          "ref": "Gruber, K., Moran, P. J., Roth, W. T., & Taylor, C. B. (2001). Computer-assisted cognitive behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Behavior Therapy, 32(1), 155‐165. https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00395686/full "
        },
        {
          "study": "Haddock 2019",
          "ref": "Haddock, G., Pratt, D., Gooding, P. A., Peters, S., Emsley, R., Evans, E., Kelly, J., Huggett, C., Munro, A., Harris, K., Davies, L., & Awenat, Y. (2019). Feasibility and acceptability of suicide prevention therapy on acute psychiatric wards: randomised controlled trial. BJPsych open, 5(1), e14. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2018.85"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Robillard, 2010",
          "ref": "Robillard, G., Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Guitard, T., & Klinger, E. (2010). Using virtual humans to alleviate social anxiety: preliminary report from a comparative outcome study. Stud Health Technol Inform, 154, 57-60. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-561-7-57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2097,
      "instr": "SPS",
      "full": "Social Phobia Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Not low risk of bias",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 28,
      "k_es": 43,
      "sd": 13.672,
      "lo": 12.883,
      "hi": 14.509,
      "tau2": 0.0147,
      "tau2w": 0.001,
      "plo": 10.624,
      "phi": 17.594,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ayar 2020",
          "ref": "Ayar, D., & Sabanciogullari, S. (2021). The effect of a solution‐oriented approach in depressive patients on social functioning levels and suicide probability. Perspectives in psychiatric care, 57(1), 235-245."
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2009",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Hohl, E., & Caspar, F. (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol, 65(10), 1021-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20603 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2010",
          "ref": "Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2010). A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bouchard, 2017",
          "ref": "Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Robillard, G., Guitard, T., Klinger, E., Forget, H., Loranger, C., & Roucaut, F. X. (2017). Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 210(4), 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Eskin 2008",
          "ref": "Eskin, M., Ertekin, K. & Demir, H. Efficacy of a Problem-Solving Therapy for Depression and Suicide Potential in Adolescents and Young Adults. Cogn Ther Res 32, 227–245 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-007-9172-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Gruber, 2001",
          "ref": "Gruber, K., Moran, P. J., Roth, W. T., & Taylor, C. B. (2001). Computer-assisted cognitive behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Behavior Therapy, 32(1), 155‐165. https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00395686/full "
        },
        {
          "study": "Haddock 2019",
          "ref": "Haddock, G., Pratt, D., Gooding, P. A., Peters, S., Emsley, R., Evans, E., Kelly, J., Huggett, C., Munro, A., Harris, K., Davies, L., & Awenat, Y. (2019). Feasibility and acceptability of suicide prevention therapy on acute psychiatric wards: randomised controlled trial. BJPsych open, 5(1), e14. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2018.85"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heimberg, 1998",
          "ref": "Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M. A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D. F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1133"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kählke, 2019",
          "ref": "Kählke, F., Berger, T., Schulz, A., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R. C., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 28(2), e1766. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1766 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ledley, 2009",
          "ref": "Ledley, D. R., Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Hayes, S. A., Zaider, T. I., Dyke, M. V., Turk, C. L., Kraus, C., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Efficacy of a manualized and workbook-driven individual treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther, 40(4), 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mattick, 1989",
          "ref": "Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behav Ther, 20(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80115-7 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mörtberg, 2007",
          "ref": "Mortberg, E., Clark, D. M., Sundin, O., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00839.x "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pishyar, 2008",
          "ref": "Pishyar, R., Harris, L. M., & Menzies, R. G. (2008). Responsiveness of measures of attentional bias to clinical change in social phobia. Cogn Emot, 22, 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701686008 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Rapee, 2007",
          "ref": "Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., & Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry, 191, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Robillard, 2010",
          "ref": "Robillard, G., Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Guitard, T., & Klinger, E. (2010). Using virtual humans to alleviate social anxiety: preliminary report from a comparative outcome study. Stud Health Technol Inform, 154, 57-60. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-561-7-57"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schulz, 2016",
          "ref": "Schulz, A., Stolz, T., Vincent, A., Krieger, T., Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2016). A sorrow shared is a sorrow halved? A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based clinician-guided individual versus group treatment for social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 84, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.001 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stolz, 2018",
          "ref": "Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., Westermann, S., & Berger, T. (2018). A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(6), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Thew, 2022",
          "ref": "Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv, 28, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008a",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008a). Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119762 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008b",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G. (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802119820 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2008c",
          "ref": "Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G., & Mahoney, A. (2008c). Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(12), 1030-1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802512107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wang, 2020",
          "ref": "Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Mu, W., Rodriguez, M., Qian, M., & Berger, T. (2020). The Effect of Shame on Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 7(7), e15797. https://doi.org/10.2196/15797 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2098,
      "instr": "SPSQ",
      "full": "Social Phobia Screening Questionnaire",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 4,
      "k_es": 5,
      "sd": 9.682,
      "lo": 8.629,
      "hi": 10.863,
      "tau2": 0.0082,
      "tau2w": null,
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      "phi": 11.963,
      "i2": 60.9,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2099,
      "instr": "SPSQ",
      "full": "Social Phobia Screening Questionnaire",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Three-level CHE model",
      "k": 4,
      "k_es": 5,
      "sd": 9.711,
      "lo": 7.992,
      "hi": 11.799,
      "tau2": 0.0062,
      "tau2w": 0.003,
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      "phi": 12.122,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2100,
      "instr": "SPSQ",
      "full": "Social Phobia Screening Questionnaire",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
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      "k_es": 5,
      "sd": 9.861,
      "lo": 9.218,
      "hi": 10.548,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2101,
      "instr": "SPSQ",
      "full": "Social Phobia Screening Questionnaire",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
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          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Furmark, 2009",
          "ref": "Furmark, T., Carlbring, P., Hedman, E., Sonnenstein, A., Clevberger, P., Bohman, B., Eriksson, A., Hallen, A., Frykman, M., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Tillfors, M., Ihrfelt, E. N., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Ekselius, L., & Andersson, G. (2009). Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 195(5), 440-447. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060996 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2102,
      "instr": "SPSQ",
      "full": "Social Phobia Screening Questionnaire",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Age group",
      "sgv": "Adults",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 4,
      "k_es": 5,
      "sd": 9.682,
      "lo": 8.629,
      "hi": 10.863,
      "tau2": 0.0082,
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      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Brenes, 2012",
          "ref": "Brenes, G. A., Miller, M. E., Williamson, J. D., McCall, W. V., Knudson, M., & Stanley, M. A. (2012). A randomized controlled trial of telephone-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy for late-life anxiety disorders. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 20(8), 707-716. doi:10.1097/JGP.0b013e31822ccd3e"
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          "ref": "Cragan, M. K., & Deffenbacher, J. L. (1984). Anxiety management training and relaxation as self-control in the treatment of generalized anxiety in medical outpatients. Journal of counseling psychology, 31(2), 123‐131. Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00216399/full"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dao, 2011",
          "ref": "Dao TK, Youssef NA, Armsworth M, Wear E, Papathopoulos KN, Gopaldas R. Randomized controlled trial of brief cognitive behavioral intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms preoperatively in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery. 2011;142(3):e109-15."
        },
        {
          "study": "Den Boer, 2007",
          "ref": "den Boer PC, Wiersma D, Ten Vaarwerk I, Span MM, Stant AD, Van den Bosch RJ. Cognitive self-therapy for chronic depression and anxiety: a multi-centre randomized controlled study. Psychological medicine. 2007;37(3):329-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hamilton, 2020",
          "ref": "Hamilton J, Saxon D, Best E, Glover V, Walters SJ, Kerr IB. A randomised, controlled pilot study of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) for stressed pregnant women with underlying anxiety and depression in a routine health service setting. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy. 2020."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Newman, M. G., Hofmann, S. G., Trabert, W., Roth, W. T., & Taylor, C. B. (1994). Does behavioral treatment of social phobia lead to cognitive changes? Behav Ther, 25(3), 503-517. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80160-1 "
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.57"
        },
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          "ref": "Ninomiya, A., Sado, M., Park, S., Fujisawa, D., Kosugi, T., Nakagawa, A., . . . Mimura, M. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in patients with anxiety disorders in secondary-care settings: A randomized controlled trial. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 74(2), 132-139. doi:10.1111/pcn.12961"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Robillard, G., Bouchard, S., Dumoulin, S., Guitard, T., & Klinger, E. (2010). Using virtual humans to alleviate social anxiety: preliminary report from a comparative outcome study. Stud Health Technol Inform, 154, 57-60. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-561-7-57"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Rogiers, R., Baeken, C., Van den Abbeele, D., Watkins, E. R., Remue, J., Colman, R., . . . Lemmens, G. M. D. (2022). Group intervention ‘Drop It!’ decreases repetitive negative thinking in major depressive disorder and/or generalized anxiety disorder: A randomised controlled study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 46(1), 182-196. doi:10.1007/s10608-021-10240-8"
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          "ref": "van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H. T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther, 50(2), 100-109. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.006"
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          "ref": "Bedard M, Felteau M, Marshall S, Cullen N, Gibbons C, Dubois S, et al. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy reduces symptoms of depression in people with a traumatic brain injury: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. 2014;29(4):E13-E22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dwight-Johnson, 2011",
          "ref": "Dwight-Johnson M, Aisenberg E, Golinelli D, Hong S, O'Brien M, Ludman E. Telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for Latino patients living in rural areas: A randomized pilot study. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(8):936-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fann, 2015",
          "ref": "Fann JR, Bombardier CH, Vannoy S, Dyer J, Ludman E, Dikmen S, et al. Telephone and in-person cognitive behavioral therapy for major depression after traumatic brain injury: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of neurotrauma. 2015;32(1):45-57."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hautzinger, 2004",
          "ref": "Hautzinger M, Welz S. Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie bei Depressionen im Alter: Ergebnisse einer kontrollierten Vergleichsstudie unter ambulanten Bedingungen an Depressionen mittleren Schweregrads. = Cognitive behavioral therapy for depressed older outpatients: A controlled, randomized trial. Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie. 2004;37(6):427-35."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kelly, 1993",
          "ref": "Kelly JA, Murphy DA, Bahr GR, Kalichman SC, Morgan MG, Stevenson LY, et al. Outcome of cognitive-behavioral and support group brief therapies for depressed, HIV-infected persons. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1993;150(11):1679-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ruwaard, 2009",
          "ref": "Ruwaard J, Schrieken B, Schrijver M, Broeksteeg J, Dekker J, Vermeulen H, et al. Standardized web-based cognitive behavioural therapy of mild to moderate depression: A randomized controlled trial with a long-term follow-up. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. 2009;38(4):206-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Selmi, 1990",
          "ref": "Selmi PM, Klein MH, Greist JH, Sorrell SP, Erdman HP. Computer-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1990;147(1):51-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Strong, 2008",
          "ref": "Strong V, Waters R, Hibberd C, Murray G, Wall L, Walker J, et al. Management of depression for people with cancer (SMaRT oncology 1): A randomised trial. Lancet. 2008;372(9632):40-8."
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          "ref": "Hautzinger M, Welz S. Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie bei Depressionen im Alter: Ergebnisse einer kontrollierten Vergleichsstudie unter ambulanten Bedingungen an Depressionen mittleren Schweregrads. = Cognitive behavioral therapy for depressed older outpatients: A controlled, randomized trial. Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie. 2004;37(6):427-35."
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      "instr": "ybocs",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Anderson,2007",
          "ref": "Anderson, R. A., & Rees, C. S. (2007). Group versus individual cognitive-behavioural treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 45(1), 123-137."
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson,2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, E., Enander, J., Andrén, P., Hedman, E., Ljótsson, B., Hursti, T., . . . Rück, C. (2012). Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med, 42(10), 2193-2203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Braga,2016",
          "ref": "Braga, D. T., Abramovitch, A., Fontenelle, L. F., Ferrão, Y. A., Gomes, J. B., Vivan, A. S., . . . Cordioli, A. V. (2016). Neuropsychological predictors of treatment response to cognitive behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety, 33(9), 848-861."
        },
        {
          "study": "Challacombe,2017",
          "ref": "Challacombe, F. L., Salkovskis, P. M., Woolgar, M., Wilkinson, E. L., Read, J., & Acheson, R. (2017). A pilot randomized controlled trial of time-intensive cognitive–behaviour therapy for postpartum obsessive–compulsive disorder: Effects on maternal symptoms, mother–infant interactions and attachment. Psychological Medicine, 47(8), 1478-1488."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cordioli,2003",
          "ref": "Cordioli, A. V., Heldt, E., Bochi, D. B., Margis, R., De Sousa, M. B., Tonello, J. F., . . . Kapczinski, F. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 72(4), 211-216."
        },
        {
          "study": "Foa,2005",
          "ref": "Foa, E. B., Liebowitz, M. R., Kozak, M. J., Davies, S., Campeas, R., Franklin, M. E., . . . Tu, X. (2005). Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of exposure and ritual prevention, clomipramine, and their combination in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 162(1), 151-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freeston,1997",
          "ref": "Freeston, M. H., Ladouceur, R., Gagnon, F., Thibodeau, N., Rhéaume, J., Letarte, H., & Bujold, A. (1997). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of obsessive thoughts: a controlled study. J Consult Clin Psychol, 65(3), 405-413."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gomes,2016",
          "ref": "Gomes, J. B., Cordioli, A. V., Bortoncello, C. F., Braga, D. T., Gonçalves, F., & Heldt, E. (2016). Impact of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder on family accommodation: A randomized clinical trial. Psychiatry Res, 246, 70-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Greist,2002",
          "ref": "Greist, J. H., Marks, I. M., Baer, L., Kobak, K. A., Wenzel, K. W., Hirsch, M. J., . . . Clary, C. M. (2002). Behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder guided by a computer or by a clinician compared with relaxation as a control. J Clin Psychiatry, 63(2), 138-145."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hauschildt,2016",
          "ref": "Hauschildt, M., Schröder, J., & Moritz, S. (2016). Randomized-controlled trial on a novel (meta-)cognitive self-help approach for obsessive-compulsive disorder (\"myMCT\"). Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 10, 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2016.04.010"
        },
        {
          "study": "Herbst,2014",
          "ref": "Herbst, N., Voderholzer, U., Thiel, N., Schaub, R., Knaevelsrud, C., Stracke, S., . . . Külz, A. K. (2014). No talking, just writing! Efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention in obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 83(3), 165-175."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jaurrieta,2008",
          "ref": "Jaurrieta N, Jiménez-Murcia S, Alonso P, Granero R, Segalàs C, Labad J, Menchón JM. Individual versus group cognitive behavioral treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: follow up. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008 Dec;62(6):697-704. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01873.x. PMID: 19068007."
        },
        {
          "study": "Katz,2023",
          "ref": "Katz, D. E., Rector, N. A., McCabe, R. E., Hawley, L. L., Rowa, K., Richter, M. A., ... & Laposa, J. M. (2023). The effect of aerobic exercise alone and in combination with cognitive behavioural therapy on obsessive compulsive disorder: A randomized control study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 98, 102746."
        },
        {
          "study": "Khodarahimi,2009",
          "ref": "Khodarahimi, S. (2009). Satiation therapy and exposure response prevention in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 39(3), 203-207."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kobayashi,2020",
          "ref": "Kobayashi, Y., Kanie, A., Nakagawa, A., Takebayashi, Y., Shinmei, I., Nakayama, N., . . . Mimura, M. (2020). An evaluation of family-based treatment for OCD in Japan: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 932."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kyrios,2018",
          "ref": "Kyrios, M., Ahern, C., Fassnacht, D. B., Nedeljkovic, M., Moulding, R., & Meyer, D. (2018). Therapist-Assisted Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Progressive Relaxation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(8), e242."
        },
        {
          "study": "Launes,2019",
          "ref": "Launes, G., Hagen, K., Sunde, T., Öst, L.-G., Klovning, I., Laukvik, I.-L., . . . Hansen, B. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of concentrated ERP, self-help and waiting list for obsessive-compulsive disorder: the Bergen 4-day treatment. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee,2023",
          "ref": "Li Z, Guo Z, Wang N, Xu Z, Qu Y, Wang X, et al. Cognitive – behavioural therapy for patients with schizophrenia : a multicentre randomized controlled trial in Beijing , China. Psychol Med. 2015;45:1893–905."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lindsay,1997",
          "ref": "Lindsay, M., Crino, R., & Andrews, G. (1997). Controlled trial of exposure and response prevention in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry, 171, 135-139."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mancebo,2021",
          "ref": "Mancebo, M. C., Yip, A. G., Boisseau, C. L., Rasmussen, S. A., & Zlotnick, C. (2021). Behavioral Therapy Teams for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Lessons Learned From a Pilot Randomized Trial in a Community Mental Health Center. Behav Ther, 52(5), 1296-1309."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathur,2021",
          "ref": "Mathur, S., Sharma, M. P., Balachander, S., Kandavel, T., & Reddy, Y. C. J. (2021). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy vs stress management training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 282, 58-68."
        },
        {
          "study": "Matsumoto,2022",
          "ref": "Matsumoto, K., Hamatani, S., Makino, T., Takahashi, J., Suzuki, F., Ida, T., . . . Omori, I. M. (2022). Guided internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A multicenter randomized controlled trial in Japan. Internet interventions, 28, 100515."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLean,2001",
          "ref": "McLean, P. D., Whittal, M. L., Thordarson, D. S., Taylor, S., Söchting, I., Koch, W. J., ... & Anderson, K. W. (2001). Cognitive versus behavior therapy in the group treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 69(2), 205."
        },
        {
          "study": "Moritz,2018",
          "ref": "Moritz S, Hauschildt M, Murray SC, Pedersen A, Krausz M, Jelinek L. New wine in an old bottle? Evaluation of myMCT as an integrative bibliotherapy for obsessive- compulsive disorder. J Obs Compuls Relat Disord 2018;16:88–97."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakatani,2005",
          "ref": "Nakatani, E., Nakagawa, A., Nakao, T., Yoshizato, C., Nabeyama, M., Kudo, A., ... & Kawamoto, M. (2005). A randomized controlled trial of Japanese patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder–effectiveness of behavior therapy and fluvoxamine. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 74(5), 269-276."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nan_Zhang,2023",
          "ref": "Zhang Nan. Observation on the effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Chinese Journal of Urban and Rural Enterprise Hygiene. 2023;38(5):89–91."
        },
        {
          "study": "Norman,2021",
          "ref": "Norman, L. J., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., Abelson, J. L., Himle, J. A., . . . Taylor, S. F. (2021). Treatment-Specific Associations Between Brain Activation and Symptom Reduction in OCD Following CBT: A Randomized fMRI Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 178(1), 39-47."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,1999",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,2006",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rupp,2019",
          "ref": "Rupp, C., Jürgens, C., Doebler, P., Andor, F., & Buhlmann, U. (2019). A randomized waitlist-controlled trial comparing detached mindfulness and cognitive restructuring in obsessive-compulsive disorder. PLoS One, 14(3), e0213895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell,2013",
          "ref": "Russell, A. J., Jassi, A., Fullana, M. A., Mack, H., Johnston, K., Heyman, I., . . . Mataix-Cols, D. (2013). Cognitive behavior therapy for comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder in high-functioning autism spectrum disorders: a randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 30(8), 697-708."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adol",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adul",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Twohig,2010",
          "ref": "Twohig, M. P., Hayes, S. C., Plumb, J. C., Pruitt, L. D., Collins, A. B., Hazlett-Stevens, H., & Woidneck, M. R. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy versus progressive relaxation training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 78(5), 705-716."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vogel,2014",
          "ref": "Vogel, P. A., Solem, S., Hagen, K., Moen, E. M., Launes, G., HÃ¥land, Ã…. T., . . . Himle, J. A. (2014). A pilot randomized controlled trial of videoconference-assisted treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 63, 162-168."
        },
        {
          "study": "Whittal,2010",
          "ref": "Whittal, M. L., Woody, S. R., McLean, P. D., Rachman, S. J., & Robichaud, M. (2010). Treatment of obsessions: a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 48(4), 295-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wootton,2013",
          "ref": "Wootton, B. M., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., Terides, M. D., & Titov, N. (2013). Remote treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2(4), 375-384."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu,2023",
          "ref": "Wu, Y., Li, X., Zhou, Y., Gao, R., Wang, K., Ye, H., ... & Fan, Q. (2023). Efficacy and cost-effectiveness analysis of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 25, e41283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zejuan_Fu,2016",
          "ref": "Fu Zejuan, Xie Hailing. Evaluation of the effects of cognitive-behavioral intervention therapy on improving the psychological state and quality of life in patients with obsessive- compulsive disorder. Journal of Practical Clinical Medicine. 2016;20(8):17–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang,2021",
          "ref": "Zhang, T., Lu, L., Didonna, F., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., & Fan, Q. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Unmedicated Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial With 6-Month Follow-Up. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12."
        },
        {
          "study": "van Balkom,1998",
          "ref": "van Balkom, A. J., de Haan, E., van Oppen, P., Spinhoven, P., Hoogduin, K. A., & van Dyck, R. (1998). Cognitive and behavioral therapies alone versus in combination with fluvoxamine in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 186(8), 492-499."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2220,
      "instr": "ybocs",
      "full": "Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Three-level CHE model",
      "k": 41,
      "k_es": 52,
      "sd": 6.181,
      "lo": 5.513,
      "hi": 6.93,
      "tau2": 0.1189,
      "tau2w": 0.0001,
      "plo": 3.115,
      "phi": 12.264,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Anderson,2007",
          "ref": "Anderson, R. A., & Rees, C. S. (2007). Group versus individual cognitive-behavioural treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 45(1), 123-137."
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson,2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, E., Enander, J., Andrén, P., Hedman, E., Ljótsson, B., Hursti, T., . . . Rück, C. (2012). Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med, 42(10), 2193-2203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Braga,2016",
          "ref": "Braga, D. T., Abramovitch, A., Fontenelle, L. F., Ferrão, Y. A., Gomes, J. B., Vivan, A. S., . . . Cordioli, A. V. (2016). Neuropsychological predictors of treatment response to cognitive behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety, 33(9), 848-861."
        },
        {
          "study": "Challacombe,2017",
          "ref": "Challacombe, F. L., Salkovskis, P. M., Woolgar, M., Wilkinson, E. L., Read, J., & Acheson, R. (2017). A pilot randomized controlled trial of time-intensive cognitive–behaviour therapy for postpartum obsessive–compulsive disorder: Effects on maternal symptoms, mother–infant interactions and attachment. Psychological Medicine, 47(8), 1478-1488."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cordioli,2003",
          "ref": "Cordioli, A. V., Heldt, E., Bochi, D. B., Margis, R., De Sousa, M. B., Tonello, J. F., . . . Kapczinski, F. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 72(4), 211-216."
        },
        {
          "study": "Foa,2005",
          "ref": "Foa, E. B., Liebowitz, M. R., Kozak, M. J., Davies, S., Campeas, R., Franklin, M. E., . . . Tu, X. (2005). Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of exposure and ritual prevention, clomipramine, and their combination in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 162(1), 151-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freeston,1997",
          "ref": "Freeston, M. H., Ladouceur, R., Gagnon, F., Thibodeau, N., Rhéaume, J., Letarte, H., & Bujold, A. (1997). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of obsessive thoughts: a controlled study. J Consult Clin Psychol, 65(3), 405-413."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gomes,2016",
          "ref": "Gomes, J. B., Cordioli, A. V., Bortoncello, C. F., Braga, D. T., Gonçalves, F., & Heldt, E. (2016). Impact of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder on family accommodation: A randomized clinical trial. Psychiatry Res, 246, 70-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Greist,2002",
          "ref": "Greist, J. H., Marks, I. M., Baer, L., Kobak, K. A., Wenzel, K. W., Hirsch, M. J., . . . Clary, C. M. (2002). Behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder guided by a computer or by a clinician compared with relaxation as a control. J Clin Psychiatry, 63(2), 138-145."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hauschildt,2016",
          "ref": "Hauschildt, M., Schröder, J., & Moritz, S. (2016). Randomized-controlled trial on a novel (meta-)cognitive self-help approach for obsessive-compulsive disorder (\"myMCT\"). Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 10, 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2016.04.010"
        },
        {
          "study": "Herbst,2014",
          "ref": "Herbst, N., Voderholzer, U., Thiel, N., Schaub, R., Knaevelsrud, C., Stracke, S., . . . Külz, A. K. (2014). No talking, just writing! Efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention in obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 83(3), 165-175."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jaurrieta,2008",
          "ref": "Jaurrieta N, Jiménez-Murcia S, Alonso P, Granero R, Segalàs C, Labad J, Menchón JM. Individual versus group cognitive behavioral treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: follow up. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008 Dec;62(6):697-704. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01873.x. PMID: 19068007."
        },
        {
          "study": "Katz,2023",
          "ref": "Katz, D. E., Rector, N. A., McCabe, R. E., Hawley, L. L., Rowa, K., Richter, M. A., ... & Laposa, J. M. (2023). The effect of aerobic exercise alone and in combination with cognitive behavioural therapy on obsessive compulsive disorder: A randomized control study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 98, 102746."
        },
        {
          "study": "Khodarahimi,2009",
          "ref": "Khodarahimi, S. (2009). Satiation therapy and exposure response prevention in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 39(3), 203-207."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kobayashi,2020",
          "ref": "Kobayashi, Y., Kanie, A., Nakagawa, A., Takebayashi, Y., Shinmei, I., Nakayama, N., . . . Mimura, M. (2020). An evaluation of family-based treatment for OCD in Japan: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 932."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kyrios,2018",
          "ref": "Kyrios, M., Ahern, C., Fassnacht, D. B., Nedeljkovic, M., Moulding, R., & Meyer, D. (2018). Therapist-Assisted Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Progressive Relaxation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(8), e242."
        },
        {
          "study": "Launes,2019",
          "ref": "Launes, G., Hagen, K., Sunde, T., Öst, L.-G., Klovning, I., Laukvik, I.-L., . . . Hansen, B. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of concentrated ERP, self-help and waiting list for obsessive-compulsive disorder: the Bergen 4-day treatment. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee,2023",
          "ref": "Li Z, Guo Z, Wang N, Xu Z, Qu Y, Wang X, et al. Cognitive – behavioural therapy for patients with schizophrenia : a multicentre randomized controlled trial in Beijing , China. Psychol Med. 2015;45:1893–905."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lindsay,1997",
          "ref": "Lindsay, M., Crino, R., & Andrews, G. (1997). Controlled trial of exposure and response prevention in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry, 171, 135-139."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mancebo,2021",
          "ref": "Mancebo, M. C., Yip, A. G., Boisseau, C. L., Rasmussen, S. A., & Zlotnick, C. (2021). Behavioral Therapy Teams for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Lessons Learned From a Pilot Randomized Trial in a Community Mental Health Center. Behav Ther, 52(5), 1296-1309."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathur,2021",
          "ref": "Mathur, S., Sharma, M. P., Balachander, S., Kandavel, T., & Reddy, Y. C. J. (2021). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy vs stress management training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 282, 58-68."
        },
        {
          "study": "Matsumoto,2022",
          "ref": "Matsumoto, K., Hamatani, S., Makino, T., Takahashi, J., Suzuki, F., Ida, T., . . . Omori, I. M. (2022). Guided internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A multicenter randomized controlled trial in Japan. Internet interventions, 28, 100515."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLean,2001",
          "ref": "McLean, P. D., Whittal, M. L., Thordarson, D. S., Taylor, S., Söchting, I., Koch, W. J., ... & Anderson, K. W. (2001). Cognitive versus behavior therapy in the group treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 69(2), 205."
        },
        {
          "study": "Moritz,2018",
          "ref": "Moritz S, Hauschildt M, Murray SC, Pedersen A, Krausz M, Jelinek L. New wine in an old bottle? Evaluation of myMCT as an integrative bibliotherapy for obsessive- compulsive disorder. J Obs Compuls Relat Disord 2018;16:88–97."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakatani,2005",
          "ref": "Nakatani, E., Nakagawa, A., Nakao, T., Yoshizato, C., Nabeyama, M., Kudo, A., ... & Kawamoto, M. (2005). A randomized controlled trial of Japanese patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder–effectiveness of behavior therapy and fluvoxamine. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 74(5), 269-276."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nan_Zhang,2023",
          "ref": "Zhang Nan. Observation on the effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Chinese Journal of Urban and Rural Enterprise Hygiene. 2023;38(5):89–91."
        },
        {
          "study": "Norman,2021",
          "ref": "Norman, L. J., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., Abelson, J. L., Himle, J. A., . . . Taylor, S. F. (2021). Treatment-Specific Associations Between Brain Activation and Symptom Reduction in OCD Following CBT: A Randomized fMRI Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 178(1), 39-47."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,1999",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,2006",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rupp,2019",
          "ref": "Rupp, C., Jürgens, C., Doebler, P., Andor, F., & Buhlmann, U. (2019). A randomized waitlist-controlled trial comparing detached mindfulness and cognitive restructuring in obsessive-compulsive disorder. PLoS One, 14(3), e0213895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell,2013",
          "ref": "Russell, A. J., Jassi, A., Fullana, M. A., Mack, H., Johnston, K., Heyman, I., . . . Mataix-Cols, D. (2013). Cognitive behavior therapy for comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder in high-functioning autism spectrum disorders: a randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 30(8), 697-708."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adol",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adul",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Twohig,2010",
          "ref": "Twohig, M. P., Hayes, S. C., Plumb, J. C., Pruitt, L. D., Collins, A. B., Hazlett-Stevens, H., & Woidneck, M. R. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy versus progressive relaxation training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 78(5), 705-716."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vogel,2014",
          "ref": "Vogel, P. A., Solem, S., Hagen, K., Moen, E. M., Launes, G., HÃ¥land, Ã…. T., . . . Himle, J. A. (2014). A pilot randomized controlled trial of videoconference-assisted treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 63, 162-168."
        },
        {
          "study": "Whittal,2010",
          "ref": "Whittal, M. L., Woody, S. R., McLean, P. D., Rachman, S. J., & Robichaud, M. (2010). Treatment of obsessions: a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 48(4), 295-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wootton,2013",
          "ref": "Wootton, B. M., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., Terides, M. D., & Titov, N. (2013). Remote treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2(4), 375-384."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu,2023",
          "ref": "Wu, Y., Li, X., Zhou, Y., Gao, R., Wang, K., Ye, H., ... & Fan, Q. (2023). Efficacy and cost-effectiveness analysis of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 25, e41283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zejuan_Fu,2016",
          "ref": "Fu Zejuan, Xie Hailing. Evaluation of the effects of cognitive-behavioral intervention therapy on improving the psychological state and quality of life in patients with obsessive- compulsive disorder. Journal of Practical Clinical Medicine. 2016;20(8):17–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang,2021",
          "ref": "Zhang, T., Lu, L., Didonna, F., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., & Fan, Q. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Unmedicated Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial With 6-Month Follow-Up. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12."
        },
        {
          "study": "van Balkom,1998",
          "ref": "van Balkom, A. J., de Haan, E., van Oppen, P., Spinhoven, P., Hoogduin, K. A., & van Dyck, R. (1998). Cognitive and behavioral therapies alone versus in combination with fluvoxamine in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 186(8), 492-499."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2221,
      "instr": "ybocs",
      "full": "Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Fixed-effect",
      "k": 41,
      "k_es": 52,
      "sd": 6.146,
      "lo": 5.973,
      "hi": 6.323,
      "tau2": null,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": null,
      "phi": null,
      "i2": 93.2,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Anderson,2007",
          "ref": "Anderson, R. A., & Rees, C. S. (2007). Group versus individual cognitive-behavioural treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 45(1), 123-137."
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson,2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, E., Enander, J., Andrén, P., Hedman, E., Ljótsson, B., Hursti, T., . . . Rück, C. (2012). Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med, 42(10), 2193-2203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Braga,2016",
          "ref": "Braga, D. T., Abramovitch, A., Fontenelle, L. F., Ferrão, Y. A., Gomes, J. B., Vivan, A. S., . . . Cordioli, A. V. (2016). Neuropsychological predictors of treatment response to cognitive behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety, 33(9), 848-861."
        },
        {
          "study": "Challacombe,2017",
          "ref": "Challacombe, F. L., Salkovskis, P. M., Woolgar, M., Wilkinson, E. L., Read, J., & Acheson, R. (2017). A pilot randomized controlled trial of time-intensive cognitive–behaviour therapy for postpartum obsessive–compulsive disorder: Effects on maternal symptoms, mother–infant interactions and attachment. Psychological Medicine, 47(8), 1478-1488."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cordioli,2003",
          "ref": "Cordioli, A. V., Heldt, E., Bochi, D. B., Margis, R., De Sousa, M. B., Tonello, J. F., . . . Kapczinski, F. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 72(4), 211-216."
        },
        {
          "study": "Foa,2005",
          "ref": "Foa, E. B., Liebowitz, M. R., Kozak, M. J., Davies, S., Campeas, R., Franklin, M. E., . . . Tu, X. (2005). Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of exposure and ritual prevention, clomipramine, and their combination in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 162(1), 151-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freeston,1997",
          "ref": "Freeston, M. H., Ladouceur, R., Gagnon, F., Thibodeau, N., Rhéaume, J., Letarte, H., & Bujold, A. (1997). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of obsessive thoughts: a controlled study. J Consult Clin Psychol, 65(3), 405-413."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gomes,2016",
          "ref": "Gomes, J. B., Cordioli, A. V., Bortoncello, C. F., Braga, D. T., Gonçalves, F., & Heldt, E. (2016). Impact of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder on family accommodation: A randomized clinical trial. Psychiatry Res, 246, 70-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Greist,2002",
          "ref": "Greist, J. H., Marks, I. M., Baer, L., Kobak, K. A., Wenzel, K. W., Hirsch, M. J., . . . Clary, C. M. (2002). Behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder guided by a computer or by a clinician compared with relaxation as a control. J Clin Psychiatry, 63(2), 138-145."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hauschildt,2016",
          "ref": "Hauschildt, M., Schröder, J., & Moritz, S. (2016). Randomized-controlled trial on a novel (meta-)cognitive self-help approach for obsessive-compulsive disorder (\"myMCT\"). Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 10, 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2016.04.010"
        },
        {
          "study": "Herbst,2014",
          "ref": "Herbst, N., Voderholzer, U., Thiel, N., Schaub, R., Knaevelsrud, C., Stracke, S., . . . Külz, A. K. (2014). No talking, just writing! Efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention in obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 83(3), 165-175."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jaurrieta,2008",
          "ref": "Jaurrieta N, Jiménez-Murcia S, Alonso P, Granero R, Segalàs C, Labad J, Menchón JM. Individual versus group cognitive behavioral treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: follow up. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008 Dec;62(6):697-704. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01873.x. PMID: 19068007."
        },
        {
          "study": "Katz,2023",
          "ref": "Katz, D. E., Rector, N. A., McCabe, R. E., Hawley, L. L., Rowa, K., Richter, M. A., ... & Laposa, J. M. (2023). The effect of aerobic exercise alone and in combination with cognitive behavioural therapy on obsessive compulsive disorder: A randomized control study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 98, 102746."
        },
        {
          "study": "Khodarahimi,2009",
          "ref": "Khodarahimi, S. (2009). Satiation therapy and exposure response prevention in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 39(3), 203-207."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kobayashi,2020",
          "ref": "Kobayashi, Y., Kanie, A., Nakagawa, A., Takebayashi, Y., Shinmei, I., Nakayama, N., . . . Mimura, M. (2020). An evaluation of family-based treatment for OCD in Japan: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 932."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kyrios,2018",
          "ref": "Kyrios, M., Ahern, C., Fassnacht, D. B., Nedeljkovic, M., Moulding, R., & Meyer, D. (2018). Therapist-Assisted Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Progressive Relaxation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(8), e242."
        },
        {
          "study": "Launes,2019",
          "ref": "Launes, G., Hagen, K., Sunde, T., Öst, L.-G., Klovning, I., Laukvik, I.-L., . . . Hansen, B. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of concentrated ERP, self-help and waiting list for obsessive-compulsive disorder: the Bergen 4-day treatment. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee,2023",
          "ref": "Li Z, Guo Z, Wang N, Xu Z, Qu Y, Wang X, et al. Cognitive – behavioural therapy for patients with schizophrenia : a multicentre randomized controlled trial in Beijing , China. Psychol Med. 2015;45:1893–905."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lindsay,1997",
          "ref": "Lindsay, M., Crino, R., & Andrews, G. (1997). Controlled trial of exposure and response prevention in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry, 171, 135-139."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mancebo,2021",
          "ref": "Mancebo, M. C., Yip, A. G., Boisseau, C. L., Rasmussen, S. A., & Zlotnick, C. (2021). Behavioral Therapy Teams for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Lessons Learned From a Pilot Randomized Trial in a Community Mental Health Center. Behav Ther, 52(5), 1296-1309."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathur,2021",
          "ref": "Mathur, S., Sharma, M. P., Balachander, S., Kandavel, T., & Reddy, Y. C. J. (2021). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy vs stress management training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 282, 58-68."
        },
        {
          "study": "Matsumoto,2022",
          "ref": "Matsumoto, K., Hamatani, S., Makino, T., Takahashi, J., Suzuki, F., Ida, T., . . . Omori, I. M. (2022). Guided internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A multicenter randomized controlled trial in Japan. Internet interventions, 28, 100515."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLean,2001",
          "ref": "McLean, P. D., Whittal, M. L., Thordarson, D. S., Taylor, S., Söchting, I., Koch, W. J., ... & Anderson, K. W. (2001). Cognitive versus behavior therapy in the group treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 69(2), 205."
        },
        {
          "study": "Moritz,2018",
          "ref": "Moritz S, Hauschildt M, Murray SC, Pedersen A, Krausz M, Jelinek L. New wine in an old bottle? Evaluation of myMCT as an integrative bibliotherapy for obsessive- compulsive disorder. J Obs Compuls Relat Disord 2018;16:88–97."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakatani,2005",
          "ref": "Nakatani, E., Nakagawa, A., Nakao, T., Yoshizato, C., Nabeyama, M., Kudo, A., ... & Kawamoto, M. (2005). A randomized controlled trial of Japanese patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder–effectiveness of behavior therapy and fluvoxamine. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 74(5), 269-276."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nan_Zhang,2023",
          "ref": "Zhang Nan. Observation on the effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Chinese Journal of Urban and Rural Enterprise Hygiene. 2023;38(5):89–91."
        },
        {
          "study": "Norman,2021",
          "ref": "Norman, L. J., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., Abelson, J. L., Himle, J. A., . . . Taylor, S. F. (2021). Treatment-Specific Associations Between Brain Activation and Symptom Reduction in OCD Following CBT: A Randomized fMRI Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 178(1), 39-47."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,1999",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,2006",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rupp,2019",
          "ref": "Rupp, C., Jürgens, C., Doebler, P., Andor, F., & Buhlmann, U. (2019). A randomized waitlist-controlled trial comparing detached mindfulness and cognitive restructuring in obsessive-compulsive disorder. PLoS One, 14(3), e0213895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell,2013",
          "ref": "Russell, A. J., Jassi, A., Fullana, M. A., Mack, H., Johnston, K., Heyman, I., . . . Mataix-Cols, D. (2013). Cognitive behavior therapy for comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder in high-functioning autism spectrum disorders: a randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 30(8), 697-708."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adol",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adul",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Twohig,2010",
          "ref": "Twohig, M. P., Hayes, S. C., Plumb, J. C., Pruitt, L. D., Collins, A. B., Hazlett-Stevens, H., & Woidneck, M. R. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy versus progressive relaxation training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 78(5), 705-716."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vogel,2014",
          "ref": "Vogel, P. A., Solem, S., Hagen, K., Moen, E. M., Launes, G., HÃ¥land, Ã…. T., . . . Himle, J. A. (2014). A pilot randomized controlled trial of videoconference-assisted treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 63, 162-168."
        },
        {
          "study": "Whittal,2010",
          "ref": "Whittal, M. L., Woody, S. R., McLean, P. D., Rachman, S. J., & Robichaud, M. (2010). Treatment of obsessions: a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 48(4), 295-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wootton,2013",
          "ref": "Wootton, B. M., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., Terides, M. D., & Titov, N. (2013). Remote treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2(4), 375-384."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu,2023",
          "ref": "Wu, Y., Li, X., Zhou, Y., Gao, R., Wang, K., Ye, H., ... & Fan, Q. (2023). Efficacy and cost-effectiveness analysis of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 25, e41283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zejuan_Fu,2016",
          "ref": "Fu Zejuan, Xie Hailing. Evaluation of the effects of cognitive-behavioral intervention therapy on improving the psychological state and quality of life in patients with obsessive- compulsive disorder. Journal of Practical Clinical Medicine. 2016;20(8):17–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang,2021",
          "ref": "Zhang, T., Lu, L., Didonna, F., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., & Fan, Q. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Unmedicated Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial With 6-Month Follow-Up. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12."
        },
        {
          "study": "van Balkom,1998",
          "ref": "van Balkom, A. J., de Haan, E., van Oppen, P., Spinhoven, P., Hoogduin, K. A., & van Dyck, R. (1998). Cognitive and behavioral therapies alone versus in combination with fluvoxamine in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 186(8), 492-499."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2222,
      "instr": "ybocs",
      "full": "Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Outliers removed (sensitivity)",
      "k": 33,
      "k_es": 41,
      "sd": 6.465,
      "lo": 6.106,
      "hi": 6.845,
      "tau2": 0.0166,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 4.992,
      "phi": 8.374,
      "i2": 64.9,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Anderson,2007",
          "ref": "Anderson, R. A., & Rees, C. S. (2007). Group versus individual cognitive-behavioural treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 45(1), 123-137."
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson,2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, E., Enander, J., Andrén, P., Hedman, E., Ljótsson, B., Hursti, T., . . . Rück, C. (2012). Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med, 42(10), 2193-2203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Braga,2016",
          "ref": "Braga, D. T., Abramovitch, A., Fontenelle, L. F., Ferrão, Y. A., Gomes, J. B., Vivan, A. S., . . . Cordioli, A. V. (2016). Neuropsychological predictors of treatment response to cognitive behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety, 33(9), 848-861."
        },
        {
          "study": "Challacombe,2017",
          "ref": "Challacombe, F. L., Salkovskis, P. M., Woolgar, M., Wilkinson, E. L., Read, J., & Acheson, R. (2017). A pilot randomized controlled trial of time-intensive cognitive–behaviour therapy for postpartum obsessive–compulsive disorder: Effects on maternal symptoms, mother–infant interactions and attachment. Psychological Medicine, 47(8), 1478-1488."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cordioli,2003",
          "ref": "Cordioli, A. V., Heldt, E., Bochi, D. B., Margis, R., De Sousa, M. B., Tonello, J. F., . . . Kapczinski, F. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 72(4), 211-216."
        },
        {
          "study": "Foa,2005",
          "ref": "Foa, E. B., Liebowitz, M. R., Kozak, M. J., Davies, S., Campeas, R., Franklin, M. E., . . . Tu, X. (2005). Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of exposure and ritual prevention, clomipramine, and their combination in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 162(1), 151-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freeston,1997",
          "ref": "Freeston, M. H., Ladouceur, R., Gagnon, F., Thibodeau, N., Rhéaume, J., Letarte, H., & Bujold, A. (1997). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of obsessive thoughts: a controlled study. J Consult Clin Psychol, 65(3), 405-413."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gomes,2016",
          "ref": "Gomes, J. B., Cordioli, A. V., Bortoncello, C. F., Braga, D. T., Gonçalves, F., & Heldt, E. (2016). Impact of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder on family accommodation: A randomized clinical trial. Psychiatry Res, 246, 70-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Greist,2002",
          "ref": "Greist, J. H., Marks, I. M., Baer, L., Kobak, K. A., Wenzel, K. W., Hirsch, M. J., . . . Clary, C. M. (2002). Behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder guided by a computer or by a clinician compared with relaxation as a control. J Clin Psychiatry, 63(2), 138-145."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hauschildt,2016",
          "ref": "Hauschildt, M., Schröder, J., & Moritz, S. (2016). Randomized-controlled trial on a novel (meta-)cognitive self-help approach for obsessive-compulsive disorder (\"myMCT\"). Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 10, 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2016.04.010"
        },
        {
          "study": "Herbst,2014",
          "ref": "Herbst, N., Voderholzer, U., Thiel, N., Schaub, R., Knaevelsrud, C., Stracke, S., . . . Külz, A. K. (2014). No talking, just writing! Efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention in obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 83(3), 165-175."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kobayashi,2020",
          "ref": "Kobayashi, Y., Kanie, A., Nakagawa, A., Takebayashi, Y., Shinmei, I., Nakayama, N., . . . Mimura, M. (2020). An evaluation of family-based treatment for OCD in Japan: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 932."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kyrios,2018",
          "ref": "Kyrios, M., Ahern, C., Fassnacht, D. B., Nedeljkovic, M., Moulding, R., & Meyer, D. (2018). Therapist-Assisted Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Progressive Relaxation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(8), e242."
        },
        {
          "study": "Launes,2019",
          "ref": "Launes, G., Hagen, K., Sunde, T., Öst, L.-G., Klovning, I., Laukvik, I.-L., . . . Hansen, B. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of concentrated ERP, self-help and waiting list for obsessive-compulsive disorder: the Bergen 4-day treatment. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee,2023",
          "ref": "Li Z, Guo Z, Wang N, Xu Z, Qu Y, Wang X, et al. Cognitive – behavioural therapy for patients with schizophrenia : a multicentre randomized controlled trial in Beijing , China. Psychol Med. 2015;45:1893–905."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lindsay,1997",
          "ref": "Lindsay, M., Crino, R., & Andrews, G. (1997). Controlled trial of exposure and response prevention in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry, 171, 135-139."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mancebo,2021",
          "ref": "Mancebo, M. C., Yip, A. G., Boisseau, C. L., Rasmussen, S. A., & Zlotnick, C. (2021). Behavioral Therapy Teams for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Lessons Learned From a Pilot Randomized Trial in a Community Mental Health Center. Behav Ther, 52(5), 1296-1309."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathur,2021",
          "ref": "Mathur, S., Sharma, M. P., Balachander, S., Kandavel, T., & Reddy, Y. C. J. (2021). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy vs stress management training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 282, 58-68."
        },
        {
          "study": "Matsumoto,2022",
          "ref": "Matsumoto, K., Hamatani, S., Makino, T., Takahashi, J., Suzuki, F., Ida, T., . . . Omori, I. M. (2022). Guided internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A multicenter randomized controlled trial in Japan. Internet interventions, 28, 100515."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLean,2001",
          "ref": "McLean, P. D., Whittal, M. L., Thordarson, D. S., Taylor, S., Söchting, I., Koch, W. J., ... & Anderson, K. W. (2001). Cognitive versus behavior therapy in the group treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 69(2), 205."
        },
        {
          "study": "Moritz,2018",
          "ref": "Moritz S, Hauschildt M, Murray SC, Pedersen A, Krausz M, Jelinek L. New wine in an old bottle? Evaluation of myMCT as an integrative bibliotherapy for obsessive- compulsive disorder. J Obs Compuls Relat Disord 2018;16:88–97."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakatani,2005",
          "ref": "Nakatani, E., Nakagawa, A., Nakao, T., Yoshizato, C., Nabeyama, M., Kudo, A., ... & Kawamoto, M. (2005). A randomized controlled trial of Japanese patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder–effectiveness of behavior therapy and fluvoxamine. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 74(5), 269-276."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,1999",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,2006",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rupp,2019",
          "ref": "Rupp, C., Jürgens, C., Doebler, P., Andor, F., & Buhlmann, U. (2019). A randomized waitlist-controlled trial comparing detached mindfulness and cognitive restructuring in obsessive-compulsive disorder. PLoS One, 14(3), e0213895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell,2013",
          "ref": "Russell, A. J., Jassi, A., Fullana, M. A., Mack, H., Johnston, K., Heyman, I., . . . Mataix-Cols, D. (2013). Cognitive behavior therapy for comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder in high-functioning autism spectrum disorders: a randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 30(8), 697-708."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adul",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Twohig,2010",
          "ref": "Twohig, M. P., Hayes, S. C., Plumb, J. C., Pruitt, L. D., Collins, A. B., Hazlett-Stevens, H., & Woidneck, M. R. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy versus progressive relaxation training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 78(5), 705-716."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vogel,2014",
          "ref": "Vogel, P. A., Solem, S., Hagen, K., Moen, E. M., Launes, G., HÃ¥land, Ã…. T., . . . Himle, J. A. (2014). A pilot randomized controlled trial of videoconference-assisted treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 63, 162-168."
        },
        {
          "study": "Whittal,2010",
          "ref": "Whittal, M. L., Woody, S. R., McLean, P. D., Rachman, S. J., & Robichaud, M. (2010). Treatment of obsessions: a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 48(4), 295-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wootton,2013",
          "ref": "Wootton, B. M., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., Terides, M. D., & Titov, N. (2013). Remote treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2(4), 375-384."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu,2023",
          "ref": "Wu, Y., Li, X., Zhou, Y., Gao, R., Wang, K., Ye, H., ... & Fan, Q. (2023). Efficacy and cost-effectiveness analysis of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 25, e41283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang,2021",
          "ref": "Zhang, T., Lu, L., Didonna, F., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., & Fan, Q. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Unmedicated Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial With 6-Month Follow-Up. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2223,
      "instr": "ybocs",
      "full": "Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Influence analysis (sensitivity)",
      "k": 39,
      "k_es": 49,
      "sd": 6.584,
      "lo": 6.115,
      "hi": 7.09,
      "tau2": 0.0438,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 4.341,
      "phi": 9.988,
      "i2": 83.4,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Anderson,2007",
          "ref": "Anderson, R. A., & Rees, C. S. (2007). Group versus individual cognitive-behavioural treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 45(1), 123-137."
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson,2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, E., Enander, J., Andrén, P., Hedman, E., Ljótsson, B., Hursti, T., . . . Rück, C. (2012). Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med, 42(10), 2193-2203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Braga,2016",
          "ref": "Braga, D. T., Abramovitch, A., Fontenelle, L. F., Ferrão, Y. A., Gomes, J. B., Vivan, A. S., . . . Cordioli, A. V. (2016). Neuropsychological predictors of treatment response to cognitive behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety, 33(9), 848-861."
        },
        {
          "study": "Challacombe,2017",
          "ref": "Challacombe, F. L., Salkovskis, P. M., Woolgar, M., Wilkinson, E. L., Read, J., & Acheson, R. (2017). A pilot randomized controlled trial of time-intensive cognitive–behaviour therapy for postpartum obsessive–compulsive disorder: Effects on maternal symptoms, mother–infant interactions and attachment. Psychological Medicine, 47(8), 1478-1488."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cordioli,2003",
          "ref": "Cordioli, A. V., Heldt, E., Bochi, D. B., Margis, R., De Sousa, M. B., Tonello, J. F., . . . Kapczinski, F. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 72(4), 211-216."
        },
        {
          "study": "Foa,2005",
          "ref": "Foa, E. B., Liebowitz, M. R., Kozak, M. J., Davies, S., Campeas, R., Franklin, M. E., . . . Tu, X. (2005). Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of exposure and ritual prevention, clomipramine, and their combination in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 162(1), 151-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freeston,1997",
          "ref": "Freeston, M. H., Ladouceur, R., Gagnon, F., Thibodeau, N., Rhéaume, J., Letarte, H., & Bujold, A. (1997). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of obsessive thoughts: a controlled study. J Consult Clin Psychol, 65(3), 405-413."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gomes,2016",
          "ref": "Gomes, J. B., Cordioli, A. V., Bortoncello, C. F., Braga, D. T., Gonçalves, F., & Heldt, E. (2016). Impact of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder on family accommodation: A randomized clinical trial. Psychiatry Res, 246, 70-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Greist,2002",
          "ref": "Greist, J. H., Marks, I. M., Baer, L., Kobak, K. A., Wenzel, K. W., Hirsch, M. J., . . . Clary, C. M. (2002). Behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder guided by a computer or by a clinician compared with relaxation as a control. J Clin Psychiatry, 63(2), 138-145."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hauschildt,2016",
          "ref": "Hauschildt, M., Schröder, J., & Moritz, S. (2016). Randomized-controlled trial on a novel (meta-)cognitive self-help approach for obsessive-compulsive disorder (\"myMCT\"). Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 10, 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2016.04.010"
        },
        {
          "study": "Herbst,2014",
          "ref": "Herbst, N., Voderholzer, U., Thiel, N., Schaub, R., Knaevelsrud, C., Stracke, S., . . . Külz, A. K. (2014). No talking, just writing! Efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention in obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 83(3), 165-175."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jaurrieta,2008",
          "ref": "Jaurrieta N, Jiménez-Murcia S, Alonso P, Granero R, Segalàs C, Labad J, Menchón JM. Individual versus group cognitive behavioral treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: follow up. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008 Dec;62(6):697-704. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01873.x. PMID: 19068007."
        },
        {
          "study": "Katz,2023",
          "ref": "Katz, D. E., Rector, N. A., McCabe, R. E., Hawley, L. L., Rowa, K., Richter, M. A., ... & Laposa, J. M. (2023). The effect of aerobic exercise alone and in combination with cognitive behavioural therapy on obsessive compulsive disorder: A randomized control study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 98, 102746."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kobayashi,2020",
          "ref": "Kobayashi, Y., Kanie, A., Nakagawa, A., Takebayashi, Y., Shinmei, I., Nakayama, N., . . . Mimura, M. (2020). An evaluation of family-based treatment for OCD in Japan: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 932."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kyrios,2018",
          "ref": "Kyrios, M., Ahern, C., Fassnacht, D. B., Nedeljkovic, M., Moulding, R., & Meyer, D. (2018). Therapist-Assisted Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Progressive Relaxation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(8), e242."
        },
        {
          "study": "Launes,2019",
          "ref": "Launes, G., Hagen, K., Sunde, T., Öst, L.-G., Klovning, I., Laukvik, I.-L., . . . Hansen, B. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of concentrated ERP, self-help and waiting list for obsessive-compulsive disorder: the Bergen 4-day treatment. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee,2023",
          "ref": "Li Z, Guo Z, Wang N, Xu Z, Qu Y, Wang X, et al. Cognitive – behavioural therapy for patients with schizophrenia : a multicentre randomized controlled trial in Beijing , China. Psychol Med. 2015;45:1893–905."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lindsay,1997",
          "ref": "Lindsay, M., Crino, R., & Andrews, G. (1997). Controlled trial of exposure and response prevention in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry, 171, 135-139."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mancebo,2021",
          "ref": "Mancebo, M. C., Yip, A. G., Boisseau, C. L., Rasmussen, S. A., & Zlotnick, C. (2021). Behavioral Therapy Teams for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Lessons Learned From a Pilot Randomized Trial in a Community Mental Health Center. Behav Ther, 52(5), 1296-1309."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathur,2021",
          "ref": "Mathur, S., Sharma, M. P., Balachander, S., Kandavel, T., & Reddy, Y. C. J. (2021). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy vs stress management training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 282, 58-68."
        },
        {
          "study": "Matsumoto,2022",
          "ref": "Matsumoto, K., Hamatani, S., Makino, T., Takahashi, J., Suzuki, F., Ida, T., . . . Omori, I. M. (2022). Guided internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A multicenter randomized controlled trial in Japan. Internet interventions, 28, 100515."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLean,2001",
          "ref": "McLean, P. D., Whittal, M. L., Thordarson, D. S., Taylor, S., Söchting, I., Koch, W. J., ... & Anderson, K. W. (2001). Cognitive versus behavior therapy in the group treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 69(2), 205."
        },
        {
          "study": "Moritz,2018",
          "ref": "Moritz S, Hauschildt M, Murray SC, Pedersen A, Krausz M, Jelinek L. New wine in an old bottle? Evaluation of myMCT as an integrative bibliotherapy for obsessive- compulsive disorder. J Obs Compuls Relat Disord 2018;16:88–97."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakatani,2005",
          "ref": "Nakatani, E., Nakagawa, A., Nakao, T., Yoshizato, C., Nabeyama, M., Kudo, A., ... & Kawamoto, M. (2005). A randomized controlled trial of Japanese patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder–effectiveness of behavior therapy and fluvoxamine. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 74(5), 269-276."
        },
        {
          "study": "Norman,2021",
          "ref": "Norman, L. J., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., Abelson, J. L., Himle, J. A., . . . Taylor, S. F. (2021). Treatment-Specific Associations Between Brain Activation and Symptom Reduction in OCD Following CBT: A Randomized fMRI Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 178(1), 39-47."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,1999",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,2006",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rupp,2019",
          "ref": "Rupp, C., Jürgens, C., Doebler, P., Andor, F., & Buhlmann, U. (2019). A randomized waitlist-controlled trial comparing detached mindfulness and cognitive restructuring in obsessive-compulsive disorder. PLoS One, 14(3), e0213895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell,2013",
          "ref": "Russell, A. J., Jassi, A., Fullana, M. A., Mack, H., Johnston, K., Heyman, I., . . . Mataix-Cols, D. (2013). Cognitive behavior therapy for comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder in high-functioning autism spectrum disorders: a randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 30(8), 697-708."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adol",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adul",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Twohig,2010",
          "ref": "Twohig, M. P., Hayes, S. C., Plumb, J. C., Pruitt, L. D., Collins, A. B., Hazlett-Stevens, H., & Woidneck, M. R. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy versus progressive relaxation training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 78(5), 705-716."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vogel,2014",
          "ref": "Vogel, P. A., Solem, S., Hagen, K., Moen, E. M., Launes, G., HÃ¥land, Ã…. T., . . . Himle, J. A. (2014). A pilot randomized controlled trial of videoconference-assisted treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 63, 162-168."
        },
        {
          "study": "Whittal,2010",
          "ref": "Whittal, M. L., Woody, S. R., McLean, P. D., Rachman, S. J., & Robichaud, M. (2010). Treatment of obsessions: a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 48(4), 295-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wootton,2013",
          "ref": "Wootton, B. M., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., Terides, M. D., & Titov, N. (2013). Remote treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2(4), 375-384."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu,2023",
          "ref": "Wu, Y., Li, X., Zhou, Y., Gao, R., Wang, K., Ye, H., ... & Fan, Q. (2023). Efficacy and cost-effectiveness analysis of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 25, e41283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zejuan_Fu,2016",
          "ref": "Fu Zejuan, Xie Hailing. Evaluation of the effects of cognitive-behavioral intervention therapy on improving the psychological state and quality of life in patients with obsessive- compulsive disorder. Journal of Practical Clinical Medicine. 2016;20(8):17–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang,2021",
          "ref": "Zhang, T., Lu, L., Didonna, F., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., & Fan, Q. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Unmedicated Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial With 6-Month Follow-Up. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12."
        },
        {
          "study": "van Balkom,1998",
          "ref": "van Balkom, A. J., de Haan, E., van Oppen, P., Spinhoven, P., Hoogduin, K. A., & van Dyck, R. (1998). Cognitive and behavioral therapies alone versus in combination with fluvoxamine in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 186(8), 492-499."
        }
      ]
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Anderson,2007",
          "ref": "Anderson, R. A., & Rees, C. S. (2007). Group versus individual cognitive-behavioural treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 45(1), 123-137."
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson,2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, E., Enander, J., Andrén, P., Hedman, E., Ljótsson, B., Hursti, T., . . . Rück, C. (2012). Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med, 42(10), 2193-2203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Braga,2016",
          "ref": "Braga, D. T., Abramovitch, A., Fontenelle, L. F., Ferrão, Y. A., Gomes, J. B., Vivan, A. S., . . . Cordioli, A. V. (2016). Neuropsychological predictors of treatment response to cognitive behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety, 33(9), 848-861."
        },
        {
          "study": "Challacombe,2017",
          "ref": "Challacombe, F. L., Salkovskis, P. M., Woolgar, M., Wilkinson, E. L., Read, J., & Acheson, R. (2017). A pilot randomized controlled trial of time-intensive cognitive–behaviour therapy for postpartum obsessive–compulsive disorder: Effects on maternal symptoms, mother–infant interactions and attachment. Psychological Medicine, 47(8), 1478-1488."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cordioli,2003",
          "ref": "Cordioli, A. V., Heldt, E., Bochi, D. B., Margis, R., De Sousa, M. B., Tonello, J. F., . . . Kapczinski, F. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 72(4), 211-216."
        },
        {
          "study": "Foa,2005",
          "ref": "Foa, E. B., Liebowitz, M. R., Kozak, M. J., Davies, S., Campeas, R., Franklin, M. E., . . . Tu, X. (2005). Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of exposure and ritual prevention, clomipramine, and their combination in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 162(1), 151-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freeston,1997",
          "ref": "Freeston, M. H., Ladouceur, R., Gagnon, F., Thibodeau, N., Rhéaume, J., Letarte, H., & Bujold, A. (1997). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of obsessive thoughts: a controlled study. J Consult Clin Psychol, 65(3), 405-413."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gomes,2016",
          "ref": "Gomes, J. B., Cordioli, A. V., Bortoncello, C. F., Braga, D. T., Gonçalves, F., & Heldt, E. (2016). Impact of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder on family accommodation: A randomized clinical trial. Psychiatry Res, 246, 70-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Greist,2002",
          "ref": "Greist, J. H., Marks, I. M., Baer, L., Kobak, K. A., Wenzel, K. W., Hirsch, M. J., . . . Clary, C. M. (2002). Behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder guided by a computer or by a clinician compared with relaxation as a control. J Clin Psychiatry, 63(2), 138-145."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hauschildt,2016",
          "ref": "Hauschildt, M., Schröder, J., & Moritz, S. (2016). Randomized-controlled trial on a novel (meta-)cognitive self-help approach for obsessive-compulsive disorder (\"myMCT\"). Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 10, 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2016.04.010"
        },
        {
          "study": "Herbst,2014",
          "ref": "Herbst, N., Voderholzer, U., Thiel, N., Schaub, R., Knaevelsrud, C., Stracke, S., . . . Külz, A. K. (2014). No talking, just writing! Efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention in obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 83(3), 165-175."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jaurrieta,2008",
          "ref": "Jaurrieta N, Jiménez-Murcia S, Alonso P, Granero R, Segalàs C, Labad J, Menchón JM. Individual versus group cognitive behavioral treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: follow up. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008 Dec;62(6):697-704. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01873.x. PMID: 19068007."
        },
        {
          "study": "Katz,2023",
          "ref": "Katz, D. E., Rector, N. A., McCabe, R. E., Hawley, L. L., Rowa, K., Richter, M. A., ... & Laposa, J. M. (2023). The effect of aerobic exercise alone and in combination with cognitive behavioural therapy on obsessive compulsive disorder: A randomized control study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 98, 102746."
        },
        {
          "study": "Khodarahimi,2009",
          "ref": "Khodarahimi, S. (2009). Satiation therapy and exposure response prevention in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 39(3), 203-207."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kobayashi,2020",
          "ref": "Kobayashi, Y., Kanie, A., Nakagawa, A., Takebayashi, Y., Shinmei, I., Nakayama, N., . . . Mimura, M. (2020). An evaluation of family-based treatment for OCD in Japan: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 932."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kyrios,2018",
          "ref": "Kyrios, M., Ahern, C., Fassnacht, D. B., Nedeljkovic, M., Moulding, R., & Meyer, D. (2018). Therapist-Assisted Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Progressive Relaxation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(8), e242."
        },
        {
          "study": "Launes,2019",
          "ref": "Launes, G., Hagen, K., Sunde, T., Öst, L.-G., Klovning, I., Laukvik, I.-L., . . . Hansen, B. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of concentrated ERP, self-help and waiting list for obsessive-compulsive disorder: the Bergen 4-day treatment. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee,2023",
          "ref": "Li Z, Guo Z, Wang N, Xu Z, Qu Y, Wang X, et al. Cognitive – behavioural therapy for patients with schizophrenia : a multicentre randomized controlled trial in Beijing , China. Psychol Med. 2015;45:1893–905."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lindsay,1997",
          "ref": "Lindsay, M., Crino, R., & Andrews, G. (1997). Controlled trial of exposure and response prevention in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry, 171, 135-139."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mancebo,2021",
          "ref": "Mancebo, M. C., Yip, A. G., Boisseau, C. L., Rasmussen, S. A., & Zlotnick, C. (2021). Behavioral Therapy Teams for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Lessons Learned From a Pilot Randomized Trial in a Community Mental Health Center. Behav Ther, 52(5), 1296-1309."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathur,2021",
          "ref": "Mathur, S., Sharma, M. P., Balachander, S., Kandavel, T., & Reddy, Y. C. J. (2021). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy vs stress management training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 282, 58-68."
        },
        {
          "study": "Matsumoto,2022",
          "ref": "Matsumoto, K., Hamatani, S., Makino, T., Takahashi, J., Suzuki, F., Ida, T., . . . Omori, I. M. (2022). Guided internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A multicenter randomized controlled trial in Japan. Internet interventions, 28, 100515."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLean,2001",
          "ref": "McLean, P. D., Whittal, M. L., Thordarson, D. S., Taylor, S., Söchting, I., Koch, W. J., ... & Anderson, K. W. (2001). Cognitive versus behavior therapy in the group treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 69(2), 205."
        },
        {
          "study": "Moritz,2018",
          "ref": "Moritz S, Hauschildt M, Murray SC, Pedersen A, Krausz M, Jelinek L. New wine in an old bottle? Evaluation of myMCT as an integrative bibliotherapy for obsessive- compulsive disorder. J Obs Compuls Relat Disord 2018;16:88–97."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakatani,2005",
          "ref": "Nakatani, E., Nakagawa, A., Nakao, T., Yoshizato, C., Nabeyama, M., Kudo, A., ... & Kawamoto, M. (2005). A randomized controlled trial of Japanese patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder–effectiveness of behavior therapy and fluvoxamine. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 74(5), 269-276."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nan_Zhang,2023",
          "ref": "Zhang Nan. Observation on the effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Chinese Journal of Urban and Rural Enterprise Hygiene. 2023;38(5):89–91."
        },
        {
          "study": "Norman,2021",
          "ref": "Norman, L. J., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., Abelson, J. L., Himle, J. A., . . . Taylor, S. F. (2021). Treatment-Specific Associations Between Brain Activation and Symptom Reduction in OCD Following CBT: A Randomized fMRI Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 178(1), 39-47."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,1999",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,2006",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rupp,2019",
          "ref": "Rupp, C., Jürgens, C., Doebler, P., Andor, F., & Buhlmann, U. (2019). A randomized waitlist-controlled trial comparing detached mindfulness and cognitive restructuring in obsessive-compulsive disorder. PLoS One, 14(3), e0213895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell,2013",
          "ref": "Russell, A. J., Jassi, A., Fullana, M. A., Mack, H., Johnston, K., Heyman, I., . . . Mataix-Cols, D. (2013). Cognitive behavior therapy for comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder in high-functioning autism spectrum disorders: a randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 30(8), 697-708."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adul",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Twohig,2010",
          "ref": "Twohig, M. P., Hayes, S. C., Plumb, J. C., Pruitt, L. D., Collins, A. B., Hazlett-Stevens, H., & Woidneck, M. R. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy versus progressive relaxation training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 78(5), 705-716."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vogel,2014",
          "ref": "Vogel, P. A., Solem, S., Hagen, K., Moen, E. M., Launes, G., HÃ¥land, Ã…. T., . . . Himle, J. A. (2014). A pilot randomized controlled trial of videoconference-assisted treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 63, 162-168."
        },
        {
          "study": "Whittal,2010",
          "ref": "Whittal, M. L., Woody, S. R., McLean, P. D., Rachman, S. J., & Robichaud, M. (2010). Treatment of obsessions: a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 48(4), 295-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wootton,2013",
          "ref": "Wootton, B. M., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., Terides, M. D., & Titov, N. (2013). Remote treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2(4), 375-384."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu,2023",
          "ref": "Wu, Y., Li, X., Zhou, Y., Gao, R., Wang, K., Ye, H., ... & Fan, Q. (2023). Efficacy and cost-effectiveness analysis of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 25, e41283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zejuan_Fu,2016",
          "ref": "Fu Zejuan, Xie Hailing. Evaluation of the effects of cognitive-behavioral intervention therapy on improving the psychological state and quality of life in patients with obsessive- compulsive disorder. Journal of Practical Clinical Medicine. 2016;20(8):17–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang,2021",
          "ref": "Zhang, T., Lu, L., Didonna, F., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., & Fan, Q. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Unmedicated Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial With 6-Month Follow-Up. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12."
        },
        {
          "study": "van Balkom,1998",
          "ref": "van Balkom, A. J., de Haan, E., van Oppen, P., Spinhoven, P., Hoogduin, K. A., & van Dyck, R. (1998). Cognitive and behavioral therapies alone versus in combination with fluvoxamine in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 186(8), 492-499."
        }
      ]
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      "sd": 6.181,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Anderson,2007",
          "ref": "Anderson, R. A., & Rees, C. S. (2007). Group versus individual cognitive-behavioural treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 45(1), 123-137."
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson,2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, E., Enander, J., Andrén, P., Hedman, E., Ljótsson, B., Hursti, T., . . . Rück, C. (2012). Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med, 42(10), 2193-2203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Braga,2016",
          "ref": "Braga, D. T., Abramovitch, A., Fontenelle, L. F., Ferrão, Y. A., Gomes, J. B., Vivan, A. S., . . . Cordioli, A. V. (2016). Neuropsychological predictors of treatment response to cognitive behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety, 33(9), 848-861."
        },
        {
          "study": "Challacombe,2017",
          "ref": "Challacombe, F. L., Salkovskis, P. M., Woolgar, M., Wilkinson, E. L., Read, J., & Acheson, R. (2017). A pilot randomized controlled trial of time-intensive cognitive–behaviour therapy for postpartum obsessive–compulsive disorder: Effects on maternal symptoms, mother–infant interactions and attachment. Psychological Medicine, 47(8), 1478-1488."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cordioli,2003",
          "ref": "Cordioli, A. V., Heldt, E., Bochi, D. B., Margis, R., De Sousa, M. B., Tonello, J. F., . . . Kapczinski, F. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 72(4), 211-216."
        },
        {
          "study": "Foa,2005",
          "ref": "Foa, E. B., Liebowitz, M. R., Kozak, M. J., Davies, S., Campeas, R., Franklin, M. E., . . . Tu, X. (2005). Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of exposure and ritual prevention, clomipramine, and their combination in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 162(1), 151-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freeston,1997",
          "ref": "Freeston, M. H., Ladouceur, R., Gagnon, F., Thibodeau, N., Rhéaume, J., Letarte, H., & Bujold, A. (1997). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of obsessive thoughts: a controlled study. J Consult Clin Psychol, 65(3), 405-413."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gomes,2016",
          "ref": "Gomes, J. B., Cordioli, A. V., Bortoncello, C. F., Braga, D. T., Gonçalves, F., & Heldt, E. (2016). Impact of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder on family accommodation: A randomized clinical trial. Psychiatry Res, 246, 70-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Greist,2002",
          "ref": "Greist, J. H., Marks, I. M., Baer, L., Kobak, K. A., Wenzel, K. W., Hirsch, M. J., . . . Clary, C. M. (2002). Behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder guided by a computer or by a clinician compared with relaxation as a control. J Clin Psychiatry, 63(2), 138-145."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hauschildt,2016",
          "ref": "Hauschildt, M., Schröder, J., & Moritz, S. (2016). Randomized-controlled trial on a novel (meta-)cognitive self-help approach for obsessive-compulsive disorder (\"myMCT\"). Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 10, 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2016.04.010"
        },
        {
          "study": "Herbst,2014",
          "ref": "Herbst, N., Voderholzer, U., Thiel, N., Schaub, R., Knaevelsrud, C., Stracke, S., . . . Külz, A. K. (2014). No talking, just writing! Efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention in obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 83(3), 165-175."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jaurrieta,2008",
          "ref": "Jaurrieta N, Jiménez-Murcia S, Alonso P, Granero R, Segalàs C, Labad J, Menchón JM. Individual versus group cognitive behavioral treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: follow up. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008 Dec;62(6):697-704. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01873.x. PMID: 19068007."
        },
        {
          "study": "Katz,2023",
          "ref": "Katz, D. E., Rector, N. A., McCabe, R. E., Hawley, L. L., Rowa, K., Richter, M. A., ... & Laposa, J. M. (2023). The effect of aerobic exercise alone and in combination with cognitive behavioural therapy on obsessive compulsive disorder: A randomized control study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 98, 102746."
        },
        {
          "study": "Khodarahimi,2009",
          "ref": "Khodarahimi, S. (2009). Satiation therapy and exposure response prevention in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 39(3), 203-207."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kobayashi,2020",
          "ref": "Kobayashi, Y., Kanie, A., Nakagawa, A., Takebayashi, Y., Shinmei, I., Nakayama, N., . . . Mimura, M. (2020). An evaluation of family-based treatment for OCD in Japan: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 932."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kyrios,2018",
          "ref": "Kyrios, M., Ahern, C., Fassnacht, D. B., Nedeljkovic, M., Moulding, R., & Meyer, D. (2018). Therapist-Assisted Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Progressive Relaxation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(8), e242."
        },
        {
          "study": "Launes,2019",
          "ref": "Launes, G., Hagen, K., Sunde, T., Öst, L.-G., Klovning, I., Laukvik, I.-L., . . . Hansen, B. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of concentrated ERP, self-help and waiting list for obsessive-compulsive disorder: the Bergen 4-day treatment. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee,2023",
          "ref": "Li Z, Guo Z, Wang N, Xu Z, Qu Y, Wang X, et al. Cognitive – behavioural therapy for patients with schizophrenia : a multicentre randomized controlled trial in Beijing , China. Psychol Med. 2015;45:1893–905."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lindsay,1997",
          "ref": "Lindsay, M., Crino, R., & Andrews, G. (1997). Controlled trial of exposure and response prevention in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry, 171, 135-139."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mancebo,2021",
          "ref": "Mancebo, M. C., Yip, A. G., Boisseau, C. L., Rasmussen, S. A., & Zlotnick, C. (2021). Behavioral Therapy Teams for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Lessons Learned From a Pilot Randomized Trial in a Community Mental Health Center. Behav Ther, 52(5), 1296-1309."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathur,2021",
          "ref": "Mathur, S., Sharma, M. P., Balachander, S., Kandavel, T., & Reddy, Y. C. J. (2021). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy vs stress management training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 282, 58-68."
        },
        {
          "study": "Matsumoto,2022",
          "ref": "Matsumoto, K., Hamatani, S., Makino, T., Takahashi, J., Suzuki, F., Ida, T., . . . Omori, I. M. (2022). Guided internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A multicenter randomized controlled trial in Japan. Internet interventions, 28, 100515."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLean,2001",
          "ref": "McLean, P. D., Whittal, M. L., Thordarson, D. S., Taylor, S., Söchting, I., Koch, W. J., ... & Anderson, K. W. (2001). Cognitive versus behavior therapy in the group treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 69(2), 205."
        },
        {
          "study": "Moritz,2018",
          "ref": "Moritz S, Hauschildt M, Murray SC, Pedersen A, Krausz M, Jelinek L. New wine in an old bottle? Evaluation of myMCT as an integrative bibliotherapy for obsessive- compulsive disorder. J Obs Compuls Relat Disord 2018;16:88–97."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakatani,2005",
          "ref": "Nakatani, E., Nakagawa, A., Nakao, T., Yoshizato, C., Nabeyama, M., Kudo, A., ... & Kawamoto, M. (2005). A randomized controlled trial of Japanese patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder–effectiveness of behavior therapy and fluvoxamine. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 74(5), 269-276."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nan_Zhang,2023",
          "ref": "Zhang Nan. Observation on the effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Chinese Journal of Urban and Rural Enterprise Hygiene. 2023;38(5):89–91."
        },
        {
          "study": "Norman,2021",
          "ref": "Norman, L. J., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., Abelson, J. L., Himle, J. A., . . . Taylor, S. F. (2021). Treatment-Specific Associations Between Brain Activation and Symptom Reduction in OCD Following CBT: A Randomized fMRI Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 178(1), 39-47."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,1999",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,2006",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rupp,2019",
          "ref": "Rupp, C., Jürgens, C., Doebler, P., Andor, F., & Buhlmann, U. (2019). A randomized waitlist-controlled trial comparing detached mindfulness and cognitive restructuring in obsessive-compulsive disorder. PLoS One, 14(3), e0213895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell,2013",
          "ref": "Russell, A. J., Jassi, A., Fullana, M. A., Mack, H., Johnston, K., Heyman, I., . . . Mataix-Cols, D. (2013). Cognitive behavior therapy for comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder in high-functioning autism spectrum disorders: a randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 30(8), 697-708."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adol",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adul",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Twohig,2010",
          "ref": "Twohig, M. P., Hayes, S. C., Plumb, J. C., Pruitt, L. D., Collins, A. B., Hazlett-Stevens, H., & Woidneck, M. R. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy versus progressive relaxation training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 78(5), 705-716."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vogel,2014",
          "ref": "Vogel, P. A., Solem, S., Hagen, K., Moen, E. M., Launes, G., HÃ¥land, Ã…. T., . . . Himle, J. A. (2014). A pilot randomized controlled trial of videoconference-assisted treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 63, 162-168."
        },
        {
          "study": "Whittal,2010",
          "ref": "Whittal, M. L., Woody, S. R., McLean, P. D., Rachman, S. J., & Robichaud, M. (2010). Treatment of obsessions: a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 48(4), 295-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wootton,2013",
          "ref": "Wootton, B. M., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., Terides, M. D., & Titov, N. (2013). Remote treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2(4), 375-384."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu,2023",
          "ref": "Wu, Y., Li, X., Zhou, Y., Gao, R., Wang, K., Ye, H., ... & Fan, Q. (2023). Efficacy and cost-effectiveness analysis of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 25, e41283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zejuan_Fu,2016",
          "ref": "Fu Zejuan, Xie Hailing. Evaluation of the effects of cognitive-behavioral intervention therapy on improving the psychological state and quality of life in patients with obsessive- compulsive disorder. Journal of Practical Clinical Medicine. 2016;20(8):17–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang,2021",
          "ref": "Zhang, T., Lu, L., Didonna, F., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., & Fan, Q. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Unmedicated Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial With 6-Month Follow-Up. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12."
        },
        {
          "study": "van Balkom,1998",
          "ref": "van Balkom, A. J., de Haan, E., van Oppen, P., Spinhoven, P., Hoogduin, K. A., & van Dyck, R. (1998). Cognitive and behavioral therapies alone versus in combination with fluvoxamine in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 186(8), 492-499."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2226,
      "instr": "ybocs",
      "full": "Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Comorbidity",
      "sgv": "No comorbidity",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 40,
      "k_es": 51,
      "sd": 6.137,
      "lo": 5.483,
      "hi": 6.87,
      "tau2": 0.1202,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.082,
      "phi": 12.222,
      "i2": 93.3,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Anderson,2007",
          "ref": "Anderson, R. A., & Rees, C. S. (2007). Group versus individual cognitive-behavioural treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 45(1), 123-137."
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson,2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, E., Enander, J., Andrén, P., Hedman, E., Ljótsson, B., Hursti, T., . . . Rück, C. (2012). Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med, 42(10), 2193-2203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Braga,2016",
          "ref": "Braga, D. T., Abramovitch, A., Fontenelle, L. F., Ferrão, Y. A., Gomes, J. B., Vivan, A. S., . . . Cordioli, A. V. (2016). Neuropsychological predictors of treatment response to cognitive behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety, 33(9), 848-861."
        },
        {
          "study": "Challacombe,2017",
          "ref": "Challacombe, F. L., Salkovskis, P. M., Woolgar, M., Wilkinson, E. L., Read, J., & Acheson, R. (2017). A pilot randomized controlled trial of time-intensive cognitive–behaviour therapy for postpartum obsessive–compulsive disorder: Effects on maternal symptoms, mother–infant interactions and attachment. Psychological Medicine, 47(8), 1478-1488."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cordioli,2003",
          "ref": "Cordioli, A. V., Heldt, E., Bochi, D. B., Margis, R., De Sousa, M. B., Tonello, J. F., . . . Kapczinski, F. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 72(4), 211-216."
        },
        {
          "study": "Foa,2005",
          "ref": "Foa, E. B., Liebowitz, M. R., Kozak, M. J., Davies, S., Campeas, R., Franklin, M. E., . . . Tu, X. (2005). Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of exposure and ritual prevention, clomipramine, and their combination in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 162(1), 151-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freeston,1997",
          "ref": "Freeston, M. H., Ladouceur, R., Gagnon, F., Thibodeau, N., Rhéaume, J., Letarte, H., & Bujold, A. (1997). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of obsessive thoughts: a controlled study. J Consult Clin Psychol, 65(3), 405-413."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gomes,2016",
          "ref": "Gomes, J. B., Cordioli, A. V., Bortoncello, C. F., Braga, D. T., Gonçalves, F., & Heldt, E. (2016). Impact of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder on family accommodation: A randomized clinical trial. Psychiatry Res, 246, 70-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Greist,2002",
          "ref": "Greist, J. H., Marks, I. M., Baer, L., Kobak, K. A., Wenzel, K. W., Hirsch, M. J., . . . Clary, C. M. (2002). Behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder guided by a computer or by a clinician compared with relaxation as a control. J Clin Psychiatry, 63(2), 138-145."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hauschildt,2016",
          "ref": "Hauschildt, M., Schröder, J., & Moritz, S. (2016). Randomized-controlled trial on a novel (meta-)cognitive self-help approach for obsessive-compulsive disorder (\"myMCT\"). Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 10, 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2016.04.010"
        },
        {
          "study": "Herbst,2014",
          "ref": "Herbst, N., Voderholzer, U., Thiel, N., Schaub, R., Knaevelsrud, C., Stracke, S., . . . Külz, A. K. (2014). No talking, just writing! Efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention in obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 83(3), 165-175."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jaurrieta,2008",
          "ref": "Jaurrieta N, Jiménez-Murcia S, Alonso P, Granero R, Segalàs C, Labad J, Menchón JM. Individual versus group cognitive behavioral treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: follow up. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008 Dec;62(6):697-704. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01873.x. PMID: 19068007."
        },
        {
          "study": "Katz,2023",
          "ref": "Katz, D. E., Rector, N. A., McCabe, R. E., Hawley, L. L., Rowa, K., Richter, M. A., ... & Laposa, J. M. (2023). The effect of aerobic exercise alone and in combination with cognitive behavioural therapy on obsessive compulsive disorder: A randomized control study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 98, 102746."
        },
        {
          "study": "Khodarahimi,2009",
          "ref": "Khodarahimi, S. (2009). Satiation therapy and exposure response prevention in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 39(3), 203-207."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kobayashi,2020",
          "ref": "Kobayashi, Y., Kanie, A., Nakagawa, A., Takebayashi, Y., Shinmei, I., Nakayama, N., . . . Mimura, M. (2020). An evaluation of family-based treatment for OCD in Japan: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 932."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kyrios,2018",
          "ref": "Kyrios, M., Ahern, C., Fassnacht, D. B., Nedeljkovic, M., Moulding, R., & Meyer, D. (2018). Therapist-Assisted Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Progressive Relaxation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(8), e242."
        },
        {
          "study": "Launes,2019",
          "ref": "Launes, G., Hagen, K., Sunde, T., Öst, L.-G., Klovning, I., Laukvik, I.-L., . . . Hansen, B. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of concentrated ERP, self-help and waiting list for obsessive-compulsive disorder: the Bergen 4-day treatment. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee,2023",
          "ref": "Li Z, Guo Z, Wang N, Xu Z, Qu Y, Wang X, et al. Cognitive – behavioural therapy for patients with schizophrenia : a multicentre randomized controlled trial in Beijing , China. Psychol Med. 2015;45:1893–905."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lindsay,1997",
          "ref": "Lindsay, M., Crino, R., & Andrews, G. (1997). Controlled trial of exposure and response prevention in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry, 171, 135-139."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mancebo,2021",
          "ref": "Mancebo, M. C., Yip, A. G., Boisseau, C. L., Rasmussen, S. A., & Zlotnick, C. (2021). Behavioral Therapy Teams for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Lessons Learned From a Pilot Randomized Trial in a Community Mental Health Center. Behav Ther, 52(5), 1296-1309."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathur,2021",
          "ref": "Mathur, S., Sharma, M. P., Balachander, S., Kandavel, T., & Reddy, Y. C. J. (2021). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy vs stress management training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 282, 58-68."
        },
        {
          "study": "Matsumoto,2022",
          "ref": "Matsumoto, K., Hamatani, S., Makino, T., Takahashi, J., Suzuki, F., Ida, T., . . . Omori, I. M. (2022). Guided internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A multicenter randomized controlled trial in Japan. Internet interventions, 28, 100515."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLean,2001",
          "ref": "McLean, P. D., Whittal, M. L., Thordarson, D. S., Taylor, S., Söchting, I., Koch, W. J., ... & Anderson, K. W. (2001). Cognitive versus behavior therapy in the group treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 69(2), 205."
        },
        {
          "study": "Moritz,2018",
          "ref": "Moritz S, Hauschildt M, Murray SC, Pedersen A, Krausz M, Jelinek L. New wine in an old bottle? Evaluation of myMCT as an integrative bibliotherapy for obsessive- compulsive disorder. J Obs Compuls Relat Disord 2018;16:88–97."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakatani,2005",
          "ref": "Nakatani, E., Nakagawa, A., Nakao, T., Yoshizato, C., Nabeyama, M., Kudo, A., ... & Kawamoto, M. (2005). A randomized controlled trial of Japanese patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder–effectiveness of behavior therapy and fluvoxamine. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 74(5), 269-276."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nan_Zhang,2023",
          "ref": "Zhang Nan. Observation on the effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Chinese Journal of Urban and Rural Enterprise Hygiene. 2023;38(5):89–91."
        },
        {
          "study": "Norman,2021",
          "ref": "Norman, L. J., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., Abelson, J. L., Himle, J. A., . . . Taylor, S. F. (2021). Treatment-Specific Associations Between Brain Activation and Symptom Reduction in OCD Following CBT: A Randomized fMRI Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 178(1), 39-47."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,1999",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,2006",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rupp,2019",
          "ref": "Rupp, C., Jürgens, C., Doebler, P., Andor, F., & Buhlmann, U. (2019). A randomized waitlist-controlled trial comparing detached mindfulness and cognitive restructuring in obsessive-compulsive disorder. PLoS One, 14(3), e0213895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adol",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adul",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Twohig,2010",
          "ref": "Twohig, M. P., Hayes, S. C., Plumb, J. C., Pruitt, L. D., Collins, A. B., Hazlett-Stevens, H., & Woidneck, M. R. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy versus progressive relaxation training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 78(5), 705-716."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vogel,2014",
          "ref": "Vogel, P. A., Solem, S., Hagen, K., Moen, E. M., Launes, G., HÃ¥land, Ã…. T., . . . Himle, J. A. (2014). A pilot randomized controlled trial of videoconference-assisted treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 63, 162-168."
        },
        {
          "study": "Whittal,2010",
          "ref": "Whittal, M. L., Woody, S. R., McLean, P. D., Rachman, S. J., & Robichaud, M. (2010). Treatment of obsessions: a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 48(4), 295-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wootton,2013",
          "ref": "Wootton, B. M., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., Terides, M. D., & Titov, N. (2013). Remote treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2(4), 375-384."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu,2023",
          "ref": "Wu, Y., Li, X., Zhou, Y., Gao, R., Wang, K., Ye, H., ... & Fan, Q. (2023). Efficacy and cost-effectiveness analysis of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 25, e41283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zejuan_Fu,2016",
          "ref": "Fu Zejuan, Xie Hailing. Evaluation of the effects of cognitive-behavioral intervention therapy on improving the psychological state and quality of life in patients with obsessive- compulsive disorder. Journal of Practical Clinical Medicine. 2016;20(8):17–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang,2021",
          "ref": "Zhang, T., Lu, L., Didonna, F., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., & Fan, Q. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Unmedicated Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial With 6-Month Follow-Up. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12."
        },
        {
          "study": "van Balkom,1998",
          "ref": "van Balkom, A. J., de Haan, E., van Oppen, P., Spinhoven, P., Hoogduin, K. A., & van Dyck, R. (1998). Cognitive and behavioral therapies alone versus in combination with fluvoxamine in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 186(8), 492-499."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "ybocs",
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      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Comorbidity",
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      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Anderson,2007",
          "ref": "Anderson, R. A., & Rees, C. S. (2007). Group versus individual cognitive-behavioural treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 45(1), 123-137."
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson,2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, E., Enander, J., Andrén, P., Hedman, E., Ljótsson, B., Hursti, T., . . . Rück, C. (2012). Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med, 42(10), 2193-2203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Braga,2016",
          "ref": "Braga, D. T., Abramovitch, A., Fontenelle, L. F., Ferrão, Y. A., Gomes, J. B., Vivan, A. S., . . . Cordioli, A. V. (2016). Neuropsychological predictors of treatment response to cognitive behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety, 33(9), 848-861."
        },
        {
          "study": "Challacombe,2017",
          "ref": "Challacombe, F. L., Salkovskis, P. M., Woolgar, M., Wilkinson, E. L., Read, J., & Acheson, R. (2017). A pilot randomized controlled trial of time-intensive cognitive–behaviour therapy for postpartum obsessive–compulsive disorder: Effects on maternal symptoms, mother–infant interactions and attachment. Psychological Medicine, 47(8), 1478-1488."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cordioli,2003",
          "ref": "Cordioli, A. V., Heldt, E., Bochi, D. B., Margis, R., De Sousa, M. B., Tonello, J. F., . . . Kapczinski, F. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 72(4), 211-216."
        },
        {
          "study": "Foa,2005",
          "ref": "Foa, E. B., Liebowitz, M. R., Kozak, M. J., Davies, S., Campeas, R., Franklin, M. E., . . . Tu, X. (2005). Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of exposure and ritual prevention, clomipramine, and their combination in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 162(1), 151-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freeston,1997",
          "ref": "Freeston, M. H., Ladouceur, R., Gagnon, F., Thibodeau, N., Rhéaume, J., Letarte, H., & Bujold, A. (1997). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of obsessive thoughts: a controlled study. J Consult Clin Psychol, 65(3), 405-413."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gomes,2016",
          "ref": "Gomes, J. B., Cordioli, A. V., Bortoncello, C. F., Braga, D. T., Gonçalves, F., & Heldt, E. (2016). Impact of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder on family accommodation: A randomized clinical trial. Psychiatry Res, 246, 70-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Greist,2002",
          "ref": "Greist, J. H., Marks, I. M., Baer, L., Kobak, K. A., Wenzel, K. W., Hirsch, M. J., . . . Clary, C. M. (2002). Behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder guided by a computer or by a clinician compared with relaxation as a control. J Clin Psychiatry, 63(2), 138-145."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hauschildt,2016",
          "ref": "Hauschildt, M., Schröder, J., & Moritz, S. (2016). Randomized-controlled trial on a novel (meta-)cognitive self-help approach for obsessive-compulsive disorder (\"myMCT\"). Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 10, 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2016.04.010"
        },
        {
          "study": "Herbst,2014",
          "ref": "Herbst, N., Voderholzer, U., Thiel, N., Schaub, R., Knaevelsrud, C., Stracke, S., . . . Külz, A. K. (2014). No talking, just writing! Efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention in obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 83(3), 165-175."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jaurrieta,2008",
          "ref": "Jaurrieta N, Jiménez-Murcia S, Alonso P, Granero R, Segalàs C, Labad J, Menchón JM. Individual versus group cognitive behavioral treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: follow up. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008 Dec;62(6):697-704. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01873.x. PMID: 19068007."
        },
        {
          "study": "Katz,2023",
          "ref": "Katz, D. E., Rector, N. A., McCabe, R. E., Hawley, L. L., Rowa, K., Richter, M. A., ... & Laposa, J. M. (2023). The effect of aerobic exercise alone and in combination with cognitive behavioural therapy on obsessive compulsive disorder: A randomized control study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 98, 102746."
        },
        {
          "study": "Khodarahimi,2009",
          "ref": "Khodarahimi, S. (2009). Satiation therapy and exposure response prevention in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 39(3), 203-207."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kobayashi,2020",
          "ref": "Kobayashi, Y., Kanie, A., Nakagawa, A., Takebayashi, Y., Shinmei, I., Nakayama, N., . . . Mimura, M. (2020). An evaluation of family-based treatment for OCD in Japan: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 932."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kyrios,2018",
          "ref": "Kyrios, M., Ahern, C., Fassnacht, D. B., Nedeljkovic, M., Moulding, R., & Meyer, D. (2018). Therapist-Assisted Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Progressive Relaxation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(8), e242."
        },
        {
          "study": "Launes,2019",
          "ref": "Launes, G., Hagen, K., Sunde, T., Öst, L.-G., Klovning, I., Laukvik, I.-L., . . . Hansen, B. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of concentrated ERP, self-help and waiting list for obsessive-compulsive disorder: the Bergen 4-day treatment. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee,2023",
          "ref": "Li Z, Guo Z, Wang N, Xu Z, Qu Y, Wang X, et al. Cognitive – behavioural therapy for patients with schizophrenia : a multicentre randomized controlled trial in Beijing , China. Psychol Med. 2015;45:1893–905."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lindsay,1997",
          "ref": "Lindsay, M., Crino, R., & Andrews, G. (1997). Controlled trial of exposure and response prevention in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry, 171, 135-139."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mancebo,2021",
          "ref": "Mancebo, M. C., Yip, A. G., Boisseau, C. L., Rasmussen, S. A., & Zlotnick, C. (2021). Behavioral Therapy Teams for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Lessons Learned From a Pilot Randomized Trial in a Community Mental Health Center. Behav Ther, 52(5), 1296-1309."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathur,2021",
          "ref": "Mathur, S., Sharma, M. P., Balachander, S., Kandavel, T., & Reddy, Y. C. J. (2021). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy vs stress management training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 282, 58-68."
        },
        {
          "study": "Matsumoto,2022",
          "ref": "Matsumoto, K., Hamatani, S., Makino, T., Takahashi, J., Suzuki, F., Ida, T., . . . Omori, I. M. (2022). Guided internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A multicenter randomized controlled trial in Japan. Internet interventions, 28, 100515."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLean,2001",
          "ref": "McLean, P. D., Whittal, M. L., Thordarson, D. S., Taylor, S., Söchting, I., Koch, W. J., ... & Anderson, K. W. (2001). Cognitive versus behavior therapy in the group treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 69(2), 205."
        },
        {
          "study": "Moritz,2018",
          "ref": "Moritz S, Hauschildt M, Murray SC, Pedersen A, Krausz M, Jelinek L. New wine in an old bottle? Evaluation of myMCT as an integrative bibliotherapy for obsessive- compulsive disorder. J Obs Compuls Relat Disord 2018;16:88–97."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakatani,2005",
          "ref": "Nakatani, E., Nakagawa, A., Nakao, T., Yoshizato, C., Nabeyama, M., Kudo, A., ... & Kawamoto, M. (2005). A randomized controlled trial of Japanese patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder–effectiveness of behavior therapy and fluvoxamine. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 74(5), 269-276."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nan_Zhang,2023",
          "ref": "Zhang Nan. Observation on the effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Chinese Journal of Urban and Rural Enterprise Hygiene. 2023;38(5):89–91."
        },
        {
          "study": "Norman,2021",
          "ref": "Norman, L. J., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., Abelson, J. L., Himle, J. A., . . . Taylor, S. F. (2021). Treatment-Specific Associations Between Brain Activation and Symptom Reduction in OCD Following CBT: A Randomized fMRI Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 178(1), 39-47."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,1999",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,2006",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rupp,2019",
          "ref": "Rupp, C., Jürgens, C., Doebler, P., Andor, F., & Buhlmann, U. (2019). A randomized waitlist-controlled trial comparing detached mindfulness and cognitive restructuring in obsessive-compulsive disorder. PLoS One, 14(3), e0213895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell,2013",
          "ref": "Russell, A. J., Jassi, A., Fullana, M. A., Mack, H., Johnston, K., Heyman, I., . . . Mataix-Cols, D. (2013). Cognitive behavior therapy for comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder in high-functioning autism spectrum disorders: a randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 30(8), 697-708."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adol",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adul",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Twohig,2010",
          "ref": "Twohig, M. P., Hayes, S. C., Plumb, J. C., Pruitt, L. D., Collins, A. B., Hazlett-Stevens, H., & Woidneck, M. R. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy versus progressive relaxation training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 78(5), 705-716."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vogel,2014",
          "ref": "Vogel, P. A., Solem, S., Hagen, K., Moen, E. M., Launes, G., HÃ¥land, Ã…. T., . . . Himle, J. A. (2014). A pilot randomized controlled trial of videoconference-assisted treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 63, 162-168."
        },
        {
          "study": "Whittal,2010",
          "ref": "Whittal, M. L., Woody, S. R., McLean, P. D., Rachman, S. J., & Robichaud, M. (2010). Treatment of obsessions: a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 48(4), 295-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wootton,2013",
          "ref": "Wootton, B. M., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., Terides, M. D., & Titov, N. (2013). Remote treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2(4), 375-384."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu,2023",
          "ref": "Wu, Y., Li, X., Zhou, Y., Gao, R., Wang, K., Ye, H., ... & Fan, Q. (2023). Efficacy and cost-effectiveness analysis of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 25, e41283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zejuan_Fu,2016",
          "ref": "Fu Zejuan, Xie Hailing. Evaluation of the effects of cognitive-behavioral intervention therapy on improving the psychological state and quality of life in patients with obsessive- compulsive disorder. Journal of Practical Clinical Medicine. 2016;20(8):17–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang,2021",
          "ref": "Zhang, T., Lu, L., Didonna, F., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., & Fan, Q. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Unmedicated Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial With 6-Month Follow-Up. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12."
        },
        {
          "study": "van Balkom,1998",
          "ref": "van Balkom, A. J., de Haan, E., van Oppen, P., Spinhoven, P., Hoogduin, K. A., & van Dyck, R. (1998). Cognitive and behavioral therapies alone versus in combination with fluvoxamine in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 186(8), 492-499."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "ybocs",
      "full": "Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale",
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      "sg": "Control condition",
      "sgv": "Care as usual",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
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      "k_es": 7,
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      "lo": 2.708,
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      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 1.175,
      "phi": 17.628,
      "i2": 97.6,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Challacombe,2017",
          "ref": "Challacombe, F. L., Salkovskis, P. M., Woolgar, M., Wilkinson, E. L., Read, J., & Acheson, R. (2017). A pilot randomized controlled trial of time-intensive cognitive–behaviour therapy for postpartum obsessive–compulsive disorder: Effects on maternal symptoms, mother–infant interactions and attachment. Psychological Medicine, 47(8), 1478-1488."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kobayashi,2020",
          "ref": "Kobayashi, Y., Kanie, A., Nakagawa, A., Takebayashi, Y., Shinmei, I., Nakayama, N., . . . Mimura, M. (2020). An evaluation of family-based treatment for OCD in Japan: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 932."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mancebo,2021",
          "ref": "Mancebo, M. C., Yip, A. G., Boisseau, C. L., Rasmussen, S. A., & Zlotnick, C. (2021). Behavioral Therapy Teams for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Lessons Learned From a Pilot Randomized Trial in a Community Mental Health Center. Behav Ther, 52(5), 1296-1309."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nan_Zhang,2023",
          "ref": "Zhang Nan. Observation on the effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Chinese Journal of Urban and Rural Enterprise Hygiene. 2023;38(5):89–91."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu,2023",
          "ref": "Wu, Y., Li, X., Zhou, Y., Gao, R., Wang, K., Ye, H., ... & Fan, Q. (2023). Efficacy and cost-effectiveness analysis of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 25, e41283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zejuan_Fu,2016",
          "ref": "Fu Zejuan, Xie Hailing. Evaluation of the effects of cognitive-behavioral intervention therapy on improving the psychological state and quality of life in patients with obsessive- compulsive disorder. Journal of Practical Clinical Medicine. 2016;20(8):17–20."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2229,
      "instr": "ybocs",
      "full": "Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Control condition",
      "sgv": "Care as usual",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 41,
      "k_es": 52,
      "sd": 6.181,
      "lo": 5.513,
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      "phi": 12.264,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Anderson,2007",
          "ref": "Anderson, R. A., & Rees, C. S. (2007). Group versus individual cognitive-behavioural treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 45(1), 123-137."
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson,2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, E., Enander, J., Andrén, P., Hedman, E., Ljótsson, B., Hursti, T., . . . Rück, C. (2012). Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med, 42(10), 2193-2203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Braga,2016",
          "ref": "Braga, D. T., Abramovitch, A., Fontenelle, L. F., Ferrão, Y. A., Gomes, J. B., Vivan, A. S., . . . Cordioli, A. V. (2016). Neuropsychological predictors of treatment response to cognitive behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety, 33(9), 848-861."
        },
        {
          "study": "Challacombe,2017",
          "ref": "Challacombe, F. L., Salkovskis, P. M., Woolgar, M., Wilkinson, E. L., Read, J., & Acheson, R. (2017). A pilot randomized controlled trial of time-intensive cognitive–behaviour therapy for postpartum obsessive–compulsive disorder: Effects on maternal symptoms, mother–infant interactions and attachment. Psychological Medicine, 47(8), 1478-1488."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cordioli,2003",
          "ref": "Cordioli, A. V., Heldt, E., Bochi, D. B., Margis, R., De Sousa, M. B., Tonello, J. F., . . . Kapczinski, F. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 72(4), 211-216."
        },
        {
          "study": "Foa,2005",
          "ref": "Foa, E. B., Liebowitz, M. R., Kozak, M. J., Davies, S., Campeas, R., Franklin, M. E., . . . Tu, X. (2005). Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of exposure and ritual prevention, clomipramine, and their combination in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 162(1), 151-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freeston,1997",
          "ref": "Freeston, M. H., Ladouceur, R., Gagnon, F., Thibodeau, N., Rhéaume, J., Letarte, H., & Bujold, A. (1997). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of obsessive thoughts: a controlled study. J Consult Clin Psychol, 65(3), 405-413."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gomes,2016",
          "ref": "Gomes, J. B., Cordioli, A. V., Bortoncello, C. F., Braga, D. T., Gonçalves, F., & Heldt, E. (2016). Impact of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder on family accommodation: A randomized clinical trial. Psychiatry Res, 246, 70-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Greist,2002",
          "ref": "Greist, J. H., Marks, I. M., Baer, L., Kobak, K. A., Wenzel, K. W., Hirsch, M. J., . . . Clary, C. M. (2002). Behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder guided by a computer or by a clinician compared with relaxation as a control. J Clin Psychiatry, 63(2), 138-145."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hauschildt,2016",
          "ref": "Hauschildt, M., Schröder, J., & Moritz, S. (2016). Randomized-controlled trial on a novel (meta-)cognitive self-help approach for obsessive-compulsive disorder (\"myMCT\"). Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 10, 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2016.04.010"
        },
        {
          "study": "Herbst,2014",
          "ref": "Herbst, N., Voderholzer, U., Thiel, N., Schaub, R., Knaevelsrud, C., Stracke, S., . . . Külz, A. K. (2014). No talking, just writing! Efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention in obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 83(3), 165-175."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jaurrieta,2008",
          "ref": "Jaurrieta N, Jiménez-Murcia S, Alonso P, Granero R, Segalàs C, Labad J, Menchón JM. Individual versus group cognitive behavioral treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: follow up. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008 Dec;62(6):697-704. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01873.x. PMID: 19068007."
        },
        {
          "study": "Katz,2023",
          "ref": "Katz, D. E., Rector, N. A., McCabe, R. E., Hawley, L. L., Rowa, K., Richter, M. A., ... & Laposa, J. M. (2023). The effect of aerobic exercise alone and in combination with cognitive behavioural therapy on obsessive compulsive disorder: A randomized control study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 98, 102746."
        },
        {
          "study": "Khodarahimi,2009",
          "ref": "Khodarahimi, S. (2009). Satiation therapy and exposure response prevention in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 39(3), 203-207."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kobayashi,2020",
          "ref": "Kobayashi, Y., Kanie, A., Nakagawa, A., Takebayashi, Y., Shinmei, I., Nakayama, N., . . . Mimura, M. (2020). An evaluation of family-based treatment for OCD in Japan: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 932."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kyrios,2018",
          "ref": "Kyrios, M., Ahern, C., Fassnacht, D. B., Nedeljkovic, M., Moulding, R., & Meyer, D. (2018). Therapist-Assisted Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Progressive Relaxation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(8), e242."
        },
        {
          "study": "Launes,2019",
          "ref": "Launes, G., Hagen, K., Sunde, T., Öst, L.-G., Klovning, I., Laukvik, I.-L., . . . Hansen, B. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of concentrated ERP, self-help and waiting list for obsessive-compulsive disorder: the Bergen 4-day treatment. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee,2023",
          "ref": "Li Z, Guo Z, Wang N, Xu Z, Qu Y, Wang X, et al. Cognitive – behavioural therapy for patients with schizophrenia : a multicentre randomized controlled trial in Beijing , China. Psychol Med. 2015;45:1893–905."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lindsay,1997",
          "ref": "Lindsay, M., Crino, R., & Andrews, G. (1997). Controlled trial of exposure and response prevention in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry, 171, 135-139."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mancebo,2021",
          "ref": "Mancebo, M. C., Yip, A. G., Boisseau, C. L., Rasmussen, S. A., & Zlotnick, C. (2021). Behavioral Therapy Teams for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Lessons Learned From a Pilot Randomized Trial in a Community Mental Health Center. Behav Ther, 52(5), 1296-1309."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathur,2021",
          "ref": "Mathur, S., Sharma, M. P., Balachander, S., Kandavel, T., & Reddy, Y. C. J. (2021). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy vs stress management training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 282, 58-68."
        },
        {
          "study": "Matsumoto,2022",
          "ref": "Matsumoto, K., Hamatani, S., Makino, T., Takahashi, J., Suzuki, F., Ida, T., . . . Omori, I. M. (2022). Guided internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A multicenter randomized controlled trial in Japan. Internet interventions, 28, 100515."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLean,2001",
          "ref": "McLean, P. D., Whittal, M. L., Thordarson, D. S., Taylor, S., Söchting, I., Koch, W. J., ... & Anderson, K. W. (2001). Cognitive versus behavior therapy in the group treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 69(2), 205."
        },
        {
          "study": "Moritz,2018",
          "ref": "Moritz S, Hauschildt M, Murray SC, Pedersen A, Krausz M, Jelinek L. New wine in an old bottle? Evaluation of myMCT as an integrative bibliotherapy for obsessive- compulsive disorder. J Obs Compuls Relat Disord 2018;16:88–97."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakatani,2005",
          "ref": "Nakatani, E., Nakagawa, A., Nakao, T., Yoshizato, C., Nabeyama, M., Kudo, A., ... & Kawamoto, M. (2005). A randomized controlled trial of Japanese patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder–effectiveness of behavior therapy and fluvoxamine. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 74(5), 269-276."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nan_Zhang,2023",
          "ref": "Zhang Nan. Observation on the effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Chinese Journal of Urban and Rural Enterprise Hygiene. 2023;38(5):89–91."
        },
        {
          "study": "Norman,2021",
          "ref": "Norman, L. J., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., Abelson, J. L., Himle, J. A., . . . Taylor, S. F. (2021). Treatment-Specific Associations Between Brain Activation and Symptom Reduction in OCD Following CBT: A Randomized fMRI Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 178(1), 39-47."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,1999",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,2006",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rupp,2019",
          "ref": "Rupp, C., Jürgens, C., Doebler, P., Andor, F., & Buhlmann, U. (2019). A randomized waitlist-controlled trial comparing detached mindfulness and cognitive restructuring in obsessive-compulsive disorder. PLoS One, 14(3), e0213895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell,2013",
          "ref": "Russell, A. J., Jassi, A., Fullana, M. A., Mack, H., Johnston, K., Heyman, I., . . . Mataix-Cols, D. (2013). Cognitive behavior therapy for comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder in high-functioning autism spectrum disorders: a randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 30(8), 697-708."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adol",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adul",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Twohig,2010",
          "ref": "Twohig, M. P., Hayes, S. C., Plumb, J. C., Pruitt, L. D., Collins, A. B., Hazlett-Stevens, H., & Woidneck, M. R. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy versus progressive relaxation training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 78(5), 705-716."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vogel,2014",
          "ref": "Vogel, P. A., Solem, S., Hagen, K., Moen, E. M., Launes, G., HÃ¥land, Ã…. T., . . . Himle, J. A. (2014). A pilot randomized controlled trial of videoconference-assisted treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 63, 162-168."
        },
        {
          "study": "Whittal,2010",
          "ref": "Whittal, M. L., Woody, S. R., McLean, P. D., Rachman, S. J., & Robichaud, M. (2010). Treatment of obsessions: a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 48(4), 295-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wootton,2013",
          "ref": "Wootton, B. M., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., Terides, M. D., & Titov, N. (2013). Remote treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2(4), 375-384."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu,2023",
          "ref": "Wu, Y., Li, X., Zhou, Y., Gao, R., Wang, K., Ye, H., ... & Fan, Q. (2023). Efficacy and cost-effectiveness analysis of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 25, e41283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zejuan_Fu,2016",
          "ref": "Fu Zejuan, Xie Hailing. Evaluation of the effects of cognitive-behavioral intervention therapy on improving the psychological state and quality of life in patients with obsessive- compulsive disorder. Journal of Practical Clinical Medicine. 2016;20(8):17–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang,2021",
          "ref": "Zhang, T., Lu, L., Didonna, F., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., & Fan, Q. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Unmedicated Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial With 6-Month Follow-Up. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12."
        },
        {
          "study": "van Balkom,1998",
          "ref": "van Balkom, A. J., de Haan, E., van Oppen, P., Spinhoven, P., Hoogduin, K. A., & van Dyck, R. (1998). Cognitive and behavioral therapies alone versus in combination with fluvoxamine in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 186(8), 492-499."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2230,
      "instr": "ybocs",
      "full": "Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale",
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      "sg": "Control condition",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson,2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, E., Enander, J., Andrén, P., Hedman, E., Ljótsson, B., Hursti, T., . . . Rück, C. (2012). Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med, 42(10), 2193-2203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Foa,2005",
          "ref": "Foa, E. B., Liebowitz, M. R., Kozak, M. J., Davies, S., Campeas, R., Franklin, M. E., . . . Tu, X. (2005). Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of exposure and ritual prevention, clomipramine, and their combination in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 162(1), 151-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Greist,2002",
          "ref": "Greist, J. H., Marks, I. M., Baer, L., Kobak, K. A., Wenzel, K. W., Hirsch, M. J., . . . Clary, C. M. (2002). Behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder guided by a computer or by a clinician compared with relaxation as a control. J Clin Psychiatry, 63(2), 138-145."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hauschildt,2016",
          "ref": "Hauschildt, M., Schröder, J., & Moritz, S. (2016). Randomized-controlled trial on a novel (meta-)cognitive self-help approach for obsessive-compulsive disorder (\"myMCT\"). Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 10, 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2016.04.010"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kyrios,2018",
          "ref": "Kyrios, M., Ahern, C., Fassnacht, D. B., Nedeljkovic, M., Moulding, R., & Meyer, D. (2018). Therapist-Assisted Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Progressive Relaxation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(8), e242."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lindsay,1997",
          "ref": "Lindsay, M., Crino, R., & Andrews, G. (1997). Controlled trial of exposure and response prevention in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry, 171, 135-139."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathur,2021",
          "ref": "Mathur, S., Sharma, M. P., Balachander, S., Kandavel, T., & Reddy, Y. C. J. (2021). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy vs stress management training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 282, 58-68."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakatani,2005",
          "ref": "Nakatani, E., Nakagawa, A., Nakao, T., Yoshizato, C., Nabeyama, M., Kudo, A., ... & Kawamoto, M. (2005). A randomized controlled trial of Japanese patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder–effectiveness of behavior therapy and fluvoxamine. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 74(5), 269-276."
        },
        {
          "study": "Norman,2021",
          "ref": "Norman, L. J., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., Abelson, J. L., Himle, J. A., . . . Taylor, S. F. (2021). Treatment-Specific Associations Between Brain Activation and Symptom Reduction in OCD Following CBT: A Randomized fMRI Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 178(1), 39-47."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,1999",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,2006",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell,2013",
          "ref": "Russell, A. J., Jassi, A., Fullana, M. A., Mack, H., Johnston, K., Heyman, I., . . . Mataix-Cols, D. (2013). Cognitive behavior therapy for comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder in high-functioning autism spectrum disorders: a randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 30(8), 697-708."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adol",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adul",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Twohig,2010",
          "ref": "Twohig, M. P., Hayes, S. C., Plumb, J. C., Pruitt, L. D., Collins, A. B., Hazlett-Stevens, H., & Woidneck, M. R. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy versus progressive relaxation training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 78(5), 705-716."
        },
        {
          "study": "Whittal,2010",
          "ref": "Whittal, M. L., Woody, S. R., McLean, P. D., Rachman, S. J., & Robichaud, M. (2010). Treatment of obsessions: a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 48(4), 295-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang,2021",
          "ref": "Zhang, T., Lu, L., Didonna, F., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., & Fan, Q. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Unmedicated Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial With 6-Month Follow-Up. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2231,
      "instr": "ybocs",
      "full": "Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Control condition",
      "sgv": "Other",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 41,
      "k_es": 52,
      "sd": 6.181,
      "lo": 5.513,
      "hi": 6.93,
      "tau2": 0.1189,
      "tau2w": 0.0001,
      "plo": 3.115,
      "phi": 12.264,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Anderson,2007",
          "ref": "Anderson, R. A., & Rees, C. S. (2007). Group versus individual cognitive-behavioural treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 45(1), 123-137."
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson,2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, E., Enander, J., Andrén, P., Hedman, E., Ljótsson, B., Hursti, T., . . . Rück, C. (2012). Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med, 42(10), 2193-2203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Braga,2016",
          "ref": "Braga, D. T., Abramovitch, A., Fontenelle, L. F., Ferrão, Y. A., Gomes, J. B., Vivan, A. S., . . . Cordioli, A. V. (2016). Neuropsychological predictors of treatment response to cognitive behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety, 33(9), 848-861."
        },
        {
          "study": "Challacombe,2017",
          "ref": "Challacombe, F. L., Salkovskis, P. M., Woolgar, M., Wilkinson, E. L., Read, J., & Acheson, R. (2017). A pilot randomized controlled trial of time-intensive cognitive–behaviour therapy for postpartum obsessive–compulsive disorder: Effects on maternal symptoms, mother–infant interactions and attachment. Psychological Medicine, 47(8), 1478-1488."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cordioli,2003",
          "ref": "Cordioli, A. V., Heldt, E., Bochi, D. B., Margis, R., De Sousa, M. B., Tonello, J. F., . . . Kapczinski, F. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 72(4), 211-216."
        },
        {
          "study": "Foa,2005",
          "ref": "Foa, E. B., Liebowitz, M. R., Kozak, M. J., Davies, S., Campeas, R., Franklin, M. E., . . . Tu, X. (2005). Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of exposure and ritual prevention, clomipramine, and their combination in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 162(1), 151-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freeston,1997",
          "ref": "Freeston, M. H., Ladouceur, R., Gagnon, F., Thibodeau, N., Rhéaume, J., Letarte, H., & Bujold, A. (1997). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of obsessive thoughts: a controlled study. J Consult Clin Psychol, 65(3), 405-413."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gomes,2016",
          "ref": "Gomes, J. B., Cordioli, A. V., Bortoncello, C. F., Braga, D. T., Gonçalves, F., & Heldt, E. (2016). Impact of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder on family accommodation: A randomized clinical trial. Psychiatry Res, 246, 70-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Greist,2002",
          "ref": "Greist, J. H., Marks, I. M., Baer, L., Kobak, K. A., Wenzel, K. W., Hirsch, M. J., . . . Clary, C. M. (2002). Behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder guided by a computer or by a clinician compared with relaxation as a control. J Clin Psychiatry, 63(2), 138-145."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hauschildt,2016",
          "ref": "Hauschildt, M., Schröder, J., & Moritz, S. (2016). Randomized-controlled trial on a novel (meta-)cognitive self-help approach for obsessive-compulsive disorder (\"myMCT\"). Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 10, 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2016.04.010"
        },
        {
          "study": "Herbst,2014",
          "ref": "Herbst, N., Voderholzer, U., Thiel, N., Schaub, R., Knaevelsrud, C., Stracke, S., . . . Külz, A. K. (2014). No talking, just writing! Efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention in obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 83(3), 165-175."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jaurrieta,2008",
          "ref": "Jaurrieta N, Jiménez-Murcia S, Alonso P, Granero R, Segalàs C, Labad J, Menchón JM. Individual versus group cognitive behavioral treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: follow up. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008 Dec;62(6):697-704. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01873.x. PMID: 19068007."
        },
        {
          "study": "Katz,2023",
          "ref": "Katz, D. E., Rector, N. A., McCabe, R. E., Hawley, L. L., Rowa, K., Richter, M. A., ... & Laposa, J. M. (2023). The effect of aerobic exercise alone and in combination with cognitive behavioural therapy on obsessive compulsive disorder: A randomized control study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 98, 102746."
        },
        {
          "study": "Khodarahimi,2009",
          "ref": "Khodarahimi, S. (2009). Satiation therapy and exposure response prevention in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 39(3), 203-207."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kobayashi,2020",
          "ref": "Kobayashi, Y., Kanie, A., Nakagawa, A., Takebayashi, Y., Shinmei, I., Nakayama, N., . . . Mimura, M. (2020). An evaluation of family-based treatment for OCD in Japan: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 932."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kyrios,2018",
          "ref": "Kyrios, M., Ahern, C., Fassnacht, D. B., Nedeljkovic, M., Moulding, R., & Meyer, D. (2018). Therapist-Assisted Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Progressive Relaxation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(8), e242."
        },
        {
          "study": "Launes,2019",
          "ref": "Launes, G., Hagen, K., Sunde, T., Öst, L.-G., Klovning, I., Laukvik, I.-L., . . . Hansen, B. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of concentrated ERP, self-help and waiting list for obsessive-compulsive disorder: the Bergen 4-day treatment. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee,2023",
          "ref": "Li Z, Guo Z, Wang N, Xu Z, Qu Y, Wang X, et al. Cognitive – behavioural therapy for patients with schizophrenia : a multicentre randomized controlled trial in Beijing , China. Psychol Med. 2015;45:1893–905."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lindsay,1997",
          "ref": "Lindsay, M., Crino, R., & Andrews, G. (1997). Controlled trial of exposure and response prevention in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry, 171, 135-139."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mancebo,2021",
          "ref": "Mancebo, M. C., Yip, A. G., Boisseau, C. L., Rasmussen, S. A., & Zlotnick, C. (2021). Behavioral Therapy Teams for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Lessons Learned From a Pilot Randomized Trial in a Community Mental Health Center. Behav Ther, 52(5), 1296-1309."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathur,2021",
          "ref": "Mathur, S., Sharma, M. P., Balachander, S., Kandavel, T., & Reddy, Y. C. J. (2021). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy vs stress management training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 282, 58-68."
        },
        {
          "study": "Matsumoto,2022",
          "ref": "Matsumoto, K., Hamatani, S., Makino, T., Takahashi, J., Suzuki, F., Ida, T., . . . Omori, I. M. (2022). Guided internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A multicenter randomized controlled trial in Japan. Internet interventions, 28, 100515."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLean,2001",
          "ref": "McLean, P. D., Whittal, M. L., Thordarson, D. S., Taylor, S., Söchting, I., Koch, W. J., ... & Anderson, K. W. (2001). Cognitive versus behavior therapy in the group treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 69(2), 205."
        },
        {
          "study": "Moritz,2018",
          "ref": "Moritz S, Hauschildt M, Murray SC, Pedersen A, Krausz M, Jelinek L. New wine in an old bottle? Evaluation of myMCT as an integrative bibliotherapy for obsessive- compulsive disorder. J Obs Compuls Relat Disord 2018;16:88–97."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakatani,2005",
          "ref": "Nakatani, E., Nakagawa, A., Nakao, T., Yoshizato, C., Nabeyama, M., Kudo, A., ... & Kawamoto, M. (2005). A randomized controlled trial of Japanese patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder–effectiveness of behavior therapy and fluvoxamine. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 74(5), 269-276."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nan_Zhang,2023",
          "ref": "Zhang Nan. Observation on the effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Chinese Journal of Urban and Rural Enterprise Hygiene. 2023;38(5):89–91."
        },
        {
          "study": "Norman,2021",
          "ref": "Norman, L. J., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., Abelson, J. L., Himle, J. A., . . . Taylor, S. F. (2021). Treatment-Specific Associations Between Brain Activation and Symptom Reduction in OCD Following CBT: A Randomized fMRI Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 178(1), 39-47."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,1999",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,2006",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rupp,2019",
          "ref": "Rupp, C., Jürgens, C., Doebler, P., Andor, F., & Buhlmann, U. (2019). A randomized waitlist-controlled trial comparing detached mindfulness and cognitive restructuring in obsessive-compulsive disorder. PLoS One, 14(3), e0213895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell,2013",
          "ref": "Russell, A. J., Jassi, A., Fullana, M. A., Mack, H., Johnston, K., Heyman, I., . . . Mataix-Cols, D. (2013). Cognitive behavior therapy for comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder in high-functioning autism spectrum disorders: a randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 30(8), 697-708."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adol",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adul",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Twohig,2010",
          "ref": "Twohig, M. P., Hayes, S. C., Plumb, J. C., Pruitt, L. D., Collins, A. B., Hazlett-Stevens, H., & Woidneck, M. R. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy versus progressive relaxation training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 78(5), 705-716."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vogel,2014",
          "ref": "Vogel, P. A., Solem, S., Hagen, K., Moen, E. M., Launes, G., HÃ¥land, Ã…. T., . . . Himle, J. A. (2014). A pilot randomized controlled trial of videoconference-assisted treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 63, 162-168."
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          "study": "Whittal,2010",
          "ref": "Whittal, M. L., Woody, S. R., McLean, P. D., Rachman, S. J., & Robichaud, M. (2010). Treatment of obsessions: a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 48(4), 295-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wootton,2013",
          "ref": "Wootton, B. M., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., Terides, M. D., & Titov, N. (2013). Remote treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2(4), 375-384."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu,2023",
          "ref": "Wu, Y., Li, X., Zhou, Y., Gao, R., Wang, K., Ye, H., ... & Fan, Q. (2023). Efficacy and cost-effectiveness analysis of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 25, e41283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zejuan_Fu,2016",
          "ref": "Fu Zejuan, Xie Hailing. Evaluation of the effects of cognitive-behavioral intervention therapy on improving the psychological state and quality of life in patients with obsessive- compulsive disorder. Journal of Practical Clinical Medicine. 2016;20(8):17–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang,2021",
          "ref": "Zhang, T., Lu, L., Didonna, F., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., & Fan, Q. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Unmedicated Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial With 6-Month Follow-Up. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12."
        },
        {
          "study": "van Balkom,1998",
          "ref": "van Balkom, A. J., de Haan, E., van Oppen, P., Spinhoven, P., Hoogduin, K. A., & van Dyck, R. (1998). Cognitive and behavioral therapies alone versus in combination with fluvoxamine in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 186(8), 492-499."
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        },
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          "ref": "Braga, D. T., Abramovitch, A., Fontenelle, L. F., Ferrão, Y. A., Gomes, J. B., Vivan, A. S., . . . Cordioli, A. V. (2016). Neuropsychological predictors of treatment response to cognitive behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety, 33(9), 848-861."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Cordioli, A. V., Heldt, E., Bochi, D. B., Margis, R., De Sousa, M. B., Tonello, J. F., . . . Kapczinski, F. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 72(4), 211-216."
        },
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          "ref": "Freeston, M. H., Ladouceur, R., Gagnon, F., Thibodeau, N., Rhéaume, J., Letarte, H., & Bujold, A. (1997). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of obsessive thoughts: a controlled study. J Consult Clin Psychol, 65(3), 405-413."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gomes,2016",
          "ref": "Gomes, J. B., Cordioli, A. V., Bortoncello, C. F., Braga, D. T., Gonçalves, F., & Heldt, E. (2016). Impact of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder on family accommodation: A randomized clinical trial. Psychiatry Res, 246, 70-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Herbst,2014",
          "ref": "Herbst, N., Voderholzer, U., Thiel, N., Schaub, R., Knaevelsrud, C., Stracke, S., . . . Külz, A. K. (2014). No talking, just writing! Efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention in obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 83(3), 165-175."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jaurrieta,2008",
          "ref": "Jaurrieta N, Jiménez-Murcia S, Alonso P, Granero R, Segalàs C, Labad J, Menchón JM. Individual versus group cognitive behavioral treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: follow up. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008 Dec;62(6):697-704. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01873.x. PMID: 19068007."
        },
        {
          "study": "Katz,2023",
          "ref": "Katz, D. E., Rector, N. A., McCabe, R. E., Hawley, L. L., Rowa, K., Richter, M. A., ... & Laposa, J. M. (2023). The effect of aerobic exercise alone and in combination with cognitive behavioural therapy on obsessive compulsive disorder: A randomized control study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 98, 102746."
        },
        {
          "study": "Khodarahimi,2009",
          "ref": "Khodarahimi, S. (2009). Satiation therapy and exposure response prevention in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 39(3), 203-207."
        },
        {
          "study": "Launes,2019",
          "ref": "Launes, G., Hagen, K., Sunde, T., Öst, L.-G., Klovning, I., Laukvik, I.-L., . . . Hansen, B. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of concentrated ERP, self-help and waiting list for obsessive-compulsive disorder: the Bergen 4-day treatment. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee,2023",
          "ref": "Li Z, Guo Z, Wang N, Xu Z, Qu Y, Wang X, et al. Cognitive – behavioural therapy for patients with schizophrenia : a multicentre randomized controlled trial in Beijing , China. Psychol Med. 2015;45:1893–905."
        },
        {
          "study": "Matsumoto,2022",
          "ref": "Matsumoto, K., Hamatani, S., Makino, T., Takahashi, J., Suzuki, F., Ida, T., . . . Omori, I. M. (2022). Guided internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A multicenter randomized controlled trial in Japan. Internet interventions, 28, 100515."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLean,2001",
          "ref": "McLean, P. D., Whittal, M. L., Thordarson, D. S., Taylor, S., Söchting, I., Koch, W. J., ... & Anderson, K. W. (2001). Cognitive versus behavior therapy in the group treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 69(2), 205."
        },
        {
          "study": "Moritz,2018",
          "ref": "Moritz S, Hauschildt M, Murray SC, Pedersen A, Krausz M, Jelinek L. New wine in an old bottle? Evaluation of myMCT as an integrative bibliotherapy for obsessive- compulsive disorder. J Obs Compuls Relat Disord 2018;16:88–97."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rupp,2019",
          "ref": "Rupp, C., Jürgens, C., Doebler, P., Andor, F., & Buhlmann, U. (2019). A randomized waitlist-controlled trial comparing detached mindfulness and cognitive restructuring in obsessive-compulsive disorder. PLoS One, 14(3), e0213895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vogel,2014",
          "ref": "Vogel, P. A., Solem, S., Hagen, K., Moen, E. M., Launes, G., HÃ¥land, Ã…. T., . . . Himle, J. A. (2014). A pilot randomized controlled trial of videoconference-assisted treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 63, 162-168."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wootton,2013",
          "ref": "Wootton, B. M., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., Terides, M. D., & Titov, N. (2013). Remote treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2(4), 375-384."
        },
        {
          "study": "van Balkom,1998",
          "ref": "van Balkom, A. J., de Haan, E., van Oppen, P., Spinhoven, P., Hoogduin, K. A., & van Dyck, R. (1998). Cognitive and behavioral therapies alone versus in combination with fluvoxamine in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 186(8), 492-499."
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        {
          "study": "Anderson,2007",
          "ref": "Anderson, R. A., & Rees, C. S. (2007). Group versus individual cognitive-behavioural treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 45(1), 123-137."
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson,2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, E., Enander, J., Andrén, P., Hedman, E., Ljótsson, B., Hursti, T., . . . Rück, C. (2012). Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med, 42(10), 2193-2203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Braga,2016",
          "ref": "Braga, D. T., Abramovitch, A., Fontenelle, L. F., Ferrão, Y. A., Gomes, J. B., Vivan, A. S., . . . Cordioli, A. V. (2016). Neuropsychological predictors of treatment response to cognitive behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety, 33(9), 848-861."
        },
        {
          "study": "Challacombe,2017",
          "ref": "Challacombe, F. L., Salkovskis, P. M., Woolgar, M., Wilkinson, E. L., Read, J., & Acheson, R. (2017). A pilot randomized controlled trial of time-intensive cognitive–behaviour therapy for postpartum obsessive–compulsive disorder: Effects on maternal symptoms, mother–infant interactions and attachment. Psychological Medicine, 47(8), 1478-1488."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cordioli,2003",
          "ref": "Cordioli, A. V., Heldt, E., Bochi, D. B., Margis, R., De Sousa, M. B., Tonello, J. F., . . . Kapczinski, F. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 72(4), 211-216."
        },
        {
          "study": "Foa,2005",
          "ref": "Foa, E. B., Liebowitz, M. R., Kozak, M. J., Davies, S., Campeas, R., Franklin, M. E., . . . Tu, X. (2005). Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of exposure and ritual prevention, clomipramine, and their combination in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 162(1), 151-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freeston,1997",
          "ref": "Freeston, M. H., Ladouceur, R., Gagnon, F., Thibodeau, N., Rhéaume, J., Letarte, H., & Bujold, A. (1997). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of obsessive thoughts: a controlled study. J Consult Clin Psychol, 65(3), 405-413."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gomes,2016",
          "ref": "Gomes, J. B., Cordioli, A. V., Bortoncello, C. F., Braga, D. T., Gonçalves, F., & Heldt, E. (2016). Impact of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder on family accommodation: A randomized clinical trial. Psychiatry Res, 246, 70-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Greist,2002",
          "ref": "Greist, J. H., Marks, I. M., Baer, L., Kobak, K. A., Wenzel, K. W., Hirsch, M. J., . . . Clary, C. M. (2002). Behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder guided by a computer or by a clinician compared with relaxation as a control. J Clin Psychiatry, 63(2), 138-145."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hauschildt,2016",
          "ref": "Hauschildt, M., Schröder, J., & Moritz, S. (2016). Randomized-controlled trial on a novel (meta-)cognitive self-help approach for obsessive-compulsive disorder (\"myMCT\"). Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 10, 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2016.04.010"
        },
        {
          "study": "Herbst,2014",
          "ref": "Herbst, N., Voderholzer, U., Thiel, N., Schaub, R., Knaevelsrud, C., Stracke, S., . . . Külz, A. K. (2014). No talking, just writing! Efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention in obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 83(3), 165-175."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jaurrieta,2008",
          "ref": "Jaurrieta N, Jiménez-Murcia S, Alonso P, Granero R, Segalàs C, Labad J, Menchón JM. Individual versus group cognitive behavioral treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: follow up. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008 Dec;62(6):697-704. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01873.x. PMID: 19068007."
        },
        {
          "study": "Katz,2023",
          "ref": "Katz, D. E., Rector, N. A., McCabe, R. E., Hawley, L. L., Rowa, K., Richter, M. A., ... & Laposa, J. M. (2023). The effect of aerobic exercise alone and in combination with cognitive behavioural therapy on obsessive compulsive disorder: A randomized control study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 98, 102746."
        },
        {
          "study": "Khodarahimi,2009",
          "ref": "Khodarahimi, S. (2009). Satiation therapy and exposure response prevention in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 39(3), 203-207."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kobayashi,2020",
          "ref": "Kobayashi, Y., Kanie, A., Nakagawa, A., Takebayashi, Y., Shinmei, I., Nakayama, N., . . . Mimura, M. (2020). An evaluation of family-based treatment for OCD in Japan: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 932."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kyrios,2018",
          "ref": "Kyrios, M., Ahern, C., Fassnacht, D. B., Nedeljkovic, M., Moulding, R., & Meyer, D. (2018). Therapist-Assisted Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Progressive Relaxation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(8), e242."
        },
        {
          "study": "Launes,2019",
          "ref": "Launes, G., Hagen, K., Sunde, T., Öst, L.-G., Klovning, I., Laukvik, I.-L., . . . Hansen, B. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of concentrated ERP, self-help and waiting list for obsessive-compulsive disorder: the Bergen 4-day treatment. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee,2023",
          "ref": "Li Z, Guo Z, Wang N, Xu Z, Qu Y, Wang X, et al. Cognitive – behavioural therapy for patients with schizophrenia : a multicentre randomized controlled trial in Beijing , China. Psychol Med. 2015;45:1893–905."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lindsay,1997",
          "ref": "Lindsay, M., Crino, R., & Andrews, G. (1997). Controlled trial of exposure and response prevention in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry, 171, 135-139."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mancebo,2021",
          "ref": "Mancebo, M. C., Yip, A. G., Boisseau, C. L., Rasmussen, S. A., & Zlotnick, C. (2021). Behavioral Therapy Teams for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Lessons Learned From a Pilot Randomized Trial in a Community Mental Health Center. Behav Ther, 52(5), 1296-1309."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathur,2021",
          "ref": "Mathur, S., Sharma, M. P., Balachander, S., Kandavel, T., & Reddy, Y. C. J. (2021). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy vs stress management training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 282, 58-68."
        },
        {
          "study": "Matsumoto,2022",
          "ref": "Matsumoto, K., Hamatani, S., Makino, T., Takahashi, J., Suzuki, F., Ida, T., . . . Omori, I. M. (2022). Guided internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A multicenter randomized controlled trial in Japan. Internet interventions, 28, 100515."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLean,2001",
          "ref": "McLean, P. D., Whittal, M. L., Thordarson, D. S., Taylor, S., Söchting, I., Koch, W. J., ... & Anderson, K. W. (2001). Cognitive versus behavior therapy in the group treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 69(2), 205."
        },
        {
          "study": "Moritz,2018",
          "ref": "Moritz S, Hauschildt M, Murray SC, Pedersen A, Krausz M, Jelinek L. New wine in an old bottle? Evaluation of myMCT as an integrative bibliotherapy for obsessive- compulsive disorder. J Obs Compuls Relat Disord 2018;16:88–97."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakatani,2005",
          "ref": "Nakatani, E., Nakagawa, A., Nakao, T., Yoshizato, C., Nabeyama, M., Kudo, A., ... & Kawamoto, M. (2005). A randomized controlled trial of Japanese patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder–effectiveness of behavior therapy and fluvoxamine. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 74(5), 269-276."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nan_Zhang,2023",
          "ref": "Zhang Nan. Observation on the effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Chinese Journal of Urban and Rural Enterprise Hygiene. 2023;38(5):89–91."
        },
        {
          "study": "Norman,2021",
          "ref": "Norman, L. J., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., Abelson, J. L., Himle, J. A., . . . Taylor, S. F. (2021). Treatment-Specific Associations Between Brain Activation and Symptom Reduction in OCD Following CBT: A Randomized fMRI Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 178(1), 39-47."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,1999",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,2006",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rupp,2019",
          "ref": "Rupp, C., Jürgens, C., Doebler, P., Andor, F., & Buhlmann, U. (2019). A randomized waitlist-controlled trial comparing detached mindfulness and cognitive restructuring in obsessive-compulsive disorder. PLoS One, 14(3), e0213895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell,2013",
          "ref": "Russell, A. J., Jassi, A., Fullana, M. A., Mack, H., Johnston, K., Heyman, I., . . . Mataix-Cols, D. (2013). Cognitive behavior therapy for comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder in high-functioning autism spectrum disorders: a randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 30(8), 697-708."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adol",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adul",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Twohig,2010",
          "ref": "Twohig, M. P., Hayes, S. C., Plumb, J. C., Pruitt, L. D., Collins, A. B., Hazlett-Stevens, H., & Woidneck, M. R. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy versus progressive relaxation training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 78(5), 705-716."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vogel,2014",
          "ref": "Vogel, P. A., Solem, S., Hagen, K., Moen, E. M., Launes, G., HÃ¥land, Ã…. T., . . . Himle, J. A. (2014). A pilot randomized controlled trial of videoconference-assisted treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 63, 162-168."
        },
        {
          "study": "Whittal,2010",
          "ref": "Whittal, M. L., Woody, S. R., McLean, P. D., Rachman, S. J., & Robichaud, M. (2010). Treatment of obsessions: a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 48(4), 295-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wootton,2013",
          "ref": "Wootton, B. M., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., Terides, M. D., & Titov, N. (2013). Remote treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2(4), 375-384."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu,2023",
          "ref": "Wu, Y., Li, X., Zhou, Y., Gao, R., Wang, K., Ye, H., ... & Fan, Q. (2023). Efficacy and cost-effectiveness analysis of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 25, e41283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zejuan_Fu,2016",
          "ref": "Fu Zejuan, Xie Hailing. Evaluation of the effects of cognitive-behavioral intervention therapy on improving the psychological state and quality of life in patients with obsessive- compulsive disorder. Journal of Practical Clinical Medicine. 2016;20(8):17–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang,2021",
          "ref": "Zhang, T., Lu, L., Didonna, F., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., & Fan, Q. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Unmedicated Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial With 6-Month Follow-Up. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12."
        },
        {
          "study": "van Balkom,1998",
          "ref": "van Balkom, A. J., de Haan, E., van Oppen, P., Spinhoven, P., Hoogduin, K. A., & van Dyck, R. (1998). Cognitive and behavioral therapies alone versus in combination with fluvoxamine in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 186(8), 492-499."
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        {
          "study": "Kobayashi,2020",
          "ref": "Kobayashi, Y., Kanie, A., Nakagawa, A., Takebayashi, Y., Shinmei, I., Nakayama, N., . . . Mimura, M. (2020). An evaluation of family-based treatment for OCD in Japan: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 932."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee,2023",
          "ref": "Li Z, Guo Z, Wang N, Xu Z, Qu Y, Wang X, et al. Cognitive – behavioural therapy for patients with schizophrenia : a multicentre randomized controlled trial in Beijing , China. Psychol Med. 2015;45:1893–905."
        },
        {
          "study": "Matsumoto,2022",
          "ref": "Matsumoto, K., Hamatani, S., Makino, T., Takahashi, J., Suzuki, F., Ida, T., . . . Omori, I. M. (2022). Guided internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A multicenter randomized controlled trial in Japan. Internet interventions, 28, 100515."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakatani,2005",
          "ref": "Nakatani, E., Nakagawa, A., Nakao, T., Yoshizato, C., Nabeyama, M., Kudo, A., ... & Kawamoto, M. (2005). A randomized controlled trial of Japanese patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder–effectiveness of behavior therapy and fluvoxamine. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 74(5), 269-276."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nan_Zhang,2023",
          "ref": "Zhang Nan. Observation on the effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Chinese Journal of Urban and Rural Enterprise Hygiene. 2023;38(5):89–91."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu,2023",
          "ref": "Wu, Y., Li, X., Zhou, Y., Gao, R., Wang, K., Ye, H., ... & Fan, Q. (2023). Efficacy and cost-effectiveness analysis of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 25, e41283."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Fu Zejuan, Xie Hailing. Evaluation of the effects of cognitive-behavioral intervention therapy on improving the psychological state and quality of life in patients with obsessive- compulsive disorder. Journal of Practical Clinical Medicine. 2016;20(8):17–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang,2021",
          "ref": "Zhang, T., Lu, L., Didonna, F., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., & Fan, Q. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Unmedicated Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial With 6-Month Follow-Up. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12."
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        {
          "study": "Anderson,2007",
          "ref": "Anderson, R. A., & Rees, C. S. (2007). Group versus individual cognitive-behavioural treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 45(1), 123-137."
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson,2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, E., Enander, J., Andrén, P., Hedman, E., Ljótsson, B., Hursti, T., . . . Rück, C. (2012). Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med, 42(10), 2193-2203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Braga,2016",
          "ref": "Braga, D. T., Abramovitch, A., Fontenelle, L. F., Ferrão, Y. A., Gomes, J. B., Vivan, A. S., . . . Cordioli, A. V. (2016). Neuropsychological predictors of treatment response to cognitive behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety, 33(9), 848-861."
        },
        {
          "study": "Challacombe,2017",
          "ref": "Challacombe, F. L., Salkovskis, P. M., Woolgar, M., Wilkinson, E. L., Read, J., & Acheson, R. (2017). A pilot randomized controlled trial of time-intensive cognitive–behaviour therapy for postpartum obsessive–compulsive disorder: Effects on maternal symptoms, mother–infant interactions and attachment. Psychological Medicine, 47(8), 1478-1488."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cordioli,2003",
          "ref": "Cordioli, A. V., Heldt, E., Bochi, D. B., Margis, R., De Sousa, M. B., Tonello, J. F., . . . Kapczinski, F. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 72(4), 211-216."
        },
        {
          "study": "Foa,2005",
          "ref": "Foa, E. B., Liebowitz, M. R., Kozak, M. J., Davies, S., Campeas, R., Franklin, M. E., . . . Tu, X. (2005). Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of exposure and ritual prevention, clomipramine, and their combination in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 162(1), 151-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freeston,1997",
          "ref": "Freeston, M. H., Ladouceur, R., Gagnon, F., Thibodeau, N., Rhéaume, J., Letarte, H., & Bujold, A. (1997). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of obsessive thoughts: a controlled study. J Consult Clin Psychol, 65(3), 405-413."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gomes,2016",
          "ref": "Gomes, J. B., Cordioli, A. V., Bortoncello, C. F., Braga, D. T., Gonçalves, F., & Heldt, E. (2016). Impact of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder on family accommodation: A randomized clinical trial. Psychiatry Res, 246, 70-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Greist,2002",
          "ref": "Greist, J. H., Marks, I. M., Baer, L., Kobak, K. A., Wenzel, K. W., Hirsch, M. J., . . . Clary, C. M. (2002). Behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder guided by a computer or by a clinician compared with relaxation as a control. J Clin Psychiatry, 63(2), 138-145."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hauschildt,2016",
          "ref": "Hauschildt, M., Schröder, J., & Moritz, S. (2016). Randomized-controlled trial on a novel (meta-)cognitive self-help approach for obsessive-compulsive disorder (\"myMCT\"). Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 10, 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2016.04.010"
        },
        {
          "study": "Herbst,2014",
          "ref": "Herbst, N., Voderholzer, U., Thiel, N., Schaub, R., Knaevelsrud, C., Stracke, S., . . . Külz, A. K. (2014). No talking, just writing! Efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention in obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 83(3), 165-175."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jaurrieta,2008",
          "ref": "Jaurrieta N, Jiménez-Murcia S, Alonso P, Granero R, Segalàs C, Labad J, Menchón JM. Individual versus group cognitive behavioral treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: follow up. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008 Dec;62(6):697-704. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01873.x. PMID: 19068007."
        },
        {
          "study": "Katz,2023",
          "ref": "Katz, D. E., Rector, N. A., McCabe, R. E., Hawley, L. L., Rowa, K., Richter, M. A., ... & Laposa, J. M. (2023). The effect of aerobic exercise alone and in combination with cognitive behavioural therapy on obsessive compulsive disorder: A randomized control study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 98, 102746."
        },
        {
          "study": "Khodarahimi,2009",
          "ref": "Khodarahimi, S. (2009). Satiation therapy and exposure response prevention in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 39(3), 203-207."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kobayashi,2020",
          "ref": "Kobayashi, Y., Kanie, A., Nakagawa, A., Takebayashi, Y., Shinmei, I., Nakayama, N., . . . Mimura, M. (2020). An evaluation of family-based treatment for OCD in Japan: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 932."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kyrios,2018",
          "ref": "Kyrios, M., Ahern, C., Fassnacht, D. B., Nedeljkovic, M., Moulding, R., & Meyer, D. (2018). Therapist-Assisted Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Progressive Relaxation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(8), e242."
        },
        {
          "study": "Launes,2019",
          "ref": "Launes, G., Hagen, K., Sunde, T., Öst, L.-G., Klovning, I., Laukvik, I.-L., . . . Hansen, B. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of concentrated ERP, self-help and waiting list for obsessive-compulsive disorder: the Bergen 4-day treatment. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee,2023",
          "ref": "Li Z, Guo Z, Wang N, Xu Z, Qu Y, Wang X, et al. Cognitive – behavioural therapy for patients with schizophrenia : a multicentre randomized controlled trial in Beijing , China. Psychol Med. 2015;45:1893–905."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lindsay,1997",
          "ref": "Lindsay, M., Crino, R., & Andrews, G. (1997). Controlled trial of exposure and response prevention in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry, 171, 135-139."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mancebo,2021",
          "ref": "Mancebo, M. C., Yip, A. G., Boisseau, C. L., Rasmussen, S. A., & Zlotnick, C. (2021). Behavioral Therapy Teams for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Lessons Learned From a Pilot Randomized Trial in a Community Mental Health Center. Behav Ther, 52(5), 1296-1309."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathur,2021",
          "ref": "Mathur, S., Sharma, M. P., Balachander, S., Kandavel, T., & Reddy, Y. C. J. (2021). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy vs stress management training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 282, 58-68."
        },
        {
          "study": "Matsumoto,2022",
          "ref": "Matsumoto, K., Hamatani, S., Makino, T., Takahashi, J., Suzuki, F., Ida, T., . . . Omori, I. M. (2022). Guided internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A multicenter randomized controlled trial in Japan. Internet interventions, 28, 100515."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLean,2001",
          "ref": "McLean, P. D., Whittal, M. L., Thordarson, D. S., Taylor, S., Söchting, I., Koch, W. J., ... & Anderson, K. W. (2001). Cognitive versus behavior therapy in the group treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 69(2), 205."
        },
        {
          "study": "Moritz,2018",
          "ref": "Moritz S, Hauschildt M, Murray SC, Pedersen A, Krausz M, Jelinek L. New wine in an old bottle? Evaluation of myMCT as an integrative bibliotherapy for obsessive- compulsive disorder. J Obs Compuls Relat Disord 2018;16:88–97."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakatani,2005",
          "ref": "Nakatani, E., Nakagawa, A., Nakao, T., Yoshizato, C., Nabeyama, M., Kudo, A., ... & Kawamoto, M. (2005). A randomized controlled trial of Japanese patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder–effectiveness of behavior therapy and fluvoxamine. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 74(5), 269-276."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nan_Zhang,2023",
          "ref": "Zhang Nan. Observation on the effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Chinese Journal of Urban and Rural Enterprise Hygiene. 2023;38(5):89–91."
        },
        {
          "study": "Norman,2021",
          "ref": "Norman, L. J., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., Abelson, J. L., Himle, J. A., . . . Taylor, S. F. (2021). Treatment-Specific Associations Between Brain Activation and Symptom Reduction in OCD Following CBT: A Randomized fMRI Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 178(1), 39-47."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,1999",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,2006",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rupp,2019",
          "ref": "Rupp, C., Jürgens, C., Doebler, P., Andor, F., & Buhlmann, U. (2019). A randomized waitlist-controlled trial comparing detached mindfulness and cognitive restructuring in obsessive-compulsive disorder. PLoS One, 14(3), e0213895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell,2013",
          "ref": "Russell, A. J., Jassi, A., Fullana, M. A., Mack, H., Johnston, K., Heyman, I., . . . Mataix-Cols, D. (2013). Cognitive behavior therapy for comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder in high-functioning autism spectrum disorders: a randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 30(8), 697-708."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adol",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adul",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Twohig,2010",
          "ref": "Twohig, M. P., Hayes, S. C., Plumb, J. C., Pruitt, L. D., Collins, A. B., Hazlett-Stevens, H., & Woidneck, M. R. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy versus progressive relaxation training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 78(5), 705-716."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vogel,2014",
          "ref": "Vogel, P. A., Solem, S., Hagen, K., Moen, E. M., Launes, G., HÃ¥land, Ã…. T., . . . Himle, J. A. (2014). A pilot randomized controlled trial of videoconference-assisted treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 63, 162-168."
        },
        {
          "study": "Whittal,2010",
          "ref": "Whittal, M. L., Woody, S. R., McLean, P. D., Rachman, S. J., & Robichaud, M. (2010). Treatment of obsessions: a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 48(4), 295-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wootton,2013",
          "ref": "Wootton, B. M., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., Terides, M. D., & Titov, N. (2013). Remote treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2(4), 375-384."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu,2023",
          "ref": "Wu, Y., Li, X., Zhou, Y., Gao, R., Wang, K., Ye, H., ... & Fan, Q. (2023). Efficacy and cost-effectiveness analysis of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 25, e41283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zejuan_Fu,2016",
          "ref": "Fu Zejuan, Xie Hailing. Evaluation of the effects of cognitive-behavioral intervention therapy on improving the psychological state and quality of life in patients with obsessive- compulsive disorder. Journal of Practical Clinical Medicine. 2016;20(8):17–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang,2021",
          "ref": "Zhang, T., Lu, L., Didonna, F., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., & Fan, Q. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Unmedicated Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial With 6-Month Follow-Up. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12."
        },
        {
          "study": "van Balkom,1998",
          "ref": "van Balkom, A. J., de Haan, E., van Oppen, P., Spinhoven, P., Hoogduin, K. A., & van Dyck, R. (1998). Cognitive and behavioral therapies alone versus in combination with fluvoxamine in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 186(8), 492-499."
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        },
        {
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          "ref": "Braga, D. T., Abramovitch, A., Fontenelle, L. F., Ferrão, Y. A., Gomes, J. B., Vivan, A. S., . . . Cordioli, A. V. (2016). Neuropsychological predictors of treatment response to cognitive behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety, 33(9), 848-861."
        },
        {
          "study": "Challacombe,2017",
          "ref": "Challacombe, F. L., Salkovskis, P. M., Woolgar, M., Wilkinson, E. L., Read, J., & Acheson, R. (2017). A pilot randomized controlled trial of time-intensive cognitive–behaviour therapy for postpartum obsessive–compulsive disorder: Effects on maternal symptoms, mother–infant interactions and attachment. Psychological Medicine, 47(8), 1478-1488."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hauschildt,2016",
          "ref": "Hauschildt, M., Schröder, J., & Moritz, S. (2016). Randomized-controlled trial on a novel (meta-)cognitive self-help approach for obsessive-compulsive disorder (\"myMCT\"). Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 10, 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2016.04.010"
        },
        {
          "study": "Herbst,2014",
          "ref": "Herbst, N., Voderholzer, U., Thiel, N., Schaub, R., Knaevelsrud, C., Stracke, S., . . . Külz, A. K. (2014). No talking, just writing! Efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention in obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 83(3), 165-175."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jaurrieta,2008",
          "ref": "Jaurrieta N, Jiménez-Murcia S, Alonso P, Granero R, Segalàs C, Labad J, Menchón JM. Individual versus group cognitive behavioral treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: follow up. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008 Dec;62(6):697-704. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01873.x. PMID: 19068007."
        },
        {
          "study": "Launes,2019",
          "ref": "Launes, G., Hagen, K., Sunde, T., Öst, L.-G., Klovning, I., Laukvik, I.-L., . . . Hansen, B. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of concentrated ERP, self-help and waiting list for obsessive-compulsive disorder: the Bergen 4-day treatment. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Moritz,2018",
          "ref": "Moritz S, Hauschildt M, Murray SC, Pedersen A, Krausz M, Jelinek L. New wine in an old bottle? Evaluation of myMCT as an integrative bibliotherapy for obsessive- compulsive disorder. J Obs Compuls Relat Disord 2018;16:88–97."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rupp,2019",
          "ref": "Rupp, C., Jürgens, C., Doebler, P., Andor, F., & Buhlmann, U. (2019). A randomized waitlist-controlled trial comparing detached mindfulness and cognitive restructuring in obsessive-compulsive disorder. PLoS One, 14(3), e0213895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell,2013",
          "ref": "Russell, A. J., Jassi, A., Fullana, M. A., Mack, H., Johnston, K., Heyman, I., . . . Mataix-Cols, D. (2013). Cognitive behavior therapy for comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder in high-functioning autism spectrum disorders: a randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 30(8), 697-708."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vogel,2014",
          "ref": "Vogel, P. A., Solem, S., Hagen, K., Moen, E. M., Launes, G., HÃ¥land, Ã…. T., . . . Himle, J. A. (2014). A pilot randomized controlled trial of videoconference-assisted treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 63, 162-168."
        },
        {
          "study": "van Balkom,1998",
          "ref": "van Balkom, A. J., de Haan, E., van Oppen, P., Spinhoven, P., Hoogduin, K. A., & van Dyck, R. (1998). Cognitive and behavioral therapies alone versus in combination with fluvoxamine in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 186(8), 492-499."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "study": "Anderson,2007",
          "ref": "Anderson, R. A., & Rees, C. S. (2007). Group versus individual cognitive-behavioural treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 45(1), 123-137."
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson,2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, E., Enander, J., Andrén, P., Hedman, E., Ljótsson, B., Hursti, T., . . . Rück, C. (2012). Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med, 42(10), 2193-2203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Braga,2016",
          "ref": "Braga, D. T., Abramovitch, A., Fontenelle, L. F., Ferrão, Y. A., Gomes, J. B., Vivan, A. S., . . . Cordioli, A. V. (2016). Neuropsychological predictors of treatment response to cognitive behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety, 33(9), 848-861."
        },
        {
          "study": "Challacombe,2017",
          "ref": "Challacombe, F. L., Salkovskis, P. M., Woolgar, M., Wilkinson, E. L., Read, J., & Acheson, R. (2017). A pilot randomized controlled trial of time-intensive cognitive–behaviour therapy for postpartum obsessive–compulsive disorder: Effects on maternal symptoms, mother–infant interactions and attachment. Psychological Medicine, 47(8), 1478-1488."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cordioli,2003",
          "ref": "Cordioli, A. V., Heldt, E., Bochi, D. B., Margis, R., De Sousa, M. B., Tonello, J. F., . . . Kapczinski, F. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 72(4), 211-216."
        },
        {
          "study": "Foa,2005",
          "ref": "Foa, E. B., Liebowitz, M. R., Kozak, M. J., Davies, S., Campeas, R., Franklin, M. E., . . . Tu, X. (2005). Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of exposure and ritual prevention, clomipramine, and their combination in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 162(1), 151-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freeston,1997",
          "ref": "Freeston, M. H., Ladouceur, R., Gagnon, F., Thibodeau, N., Rhéaume, J., Letarte, H., & Bujold, A. (1997). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of obsessive thoughts: a controlled study. J Consult Clin Psychol, 65(3), 405-413."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gomes,2016",
          "ref": "Gomes, J. B., Cordioli, A. V., Bortoncello, C. F., Braga, D. T., Gonçalves, F., & Heldt, E. (2016). Impact of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder on family accommodation: A randomized clinical trial. Psychiatry Res, 246, 70-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Greist,2002",
          "ref": "Greist, J. H., Marks, I. M., Baer, L., Kobak, K. A., Wenzel, K. W., Hirsch, M. J., . . . Clary, C. M. (2002). Behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder guided by a computer or by a clinician compared with relaxation as a control. J Clin Psychiatry, 63(2), 138-145."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hauschildt,2016",
          "ref": "Hauschildt, M., Schröder, J., & Moritz, S. (2016). Randomized-controlled trial on a novel (meta-)cognitive self-help approach for obsessive-compulsive disorder (\"myMCT\"). Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 10, 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2016.04.010"
        },
        {
          "study": "Herbst,2014",
          "ref": "Herbst, N., Voderholzer, U., Thiel, N., Schaub, R., Knaevelsrud, C., Stracke, S., . . . Külz, A. K. (2014). No talking, just writing! Efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention in obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 83(3), 165-175."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jaurrieta,2008",
          "ref": "Jaurrieta N, Jiménez-Murcia S, Alonso P, Granero R, Segalàs C, Labad J, Menchón JM. Individual versus group cognitive behavioral treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: follow up. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008 Dec;62(6):697-704. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01873.x. PMID: 19068007."
        },
        {
          "study": "Katz,2023",
          "ref": "Katz, D. E., Rector, N. A., McCabe, R. E., Hawley, L. L., Rowa, K., Richter, M. A., ... & Laposa, J. M. (2023). The effect of aerobic exercise alone and in combination with cognitive behavioural therapy on obsessive compulsive disorder: A randomized control study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 98, 102746."
        },
        {
          "study": "Khodarahimi,2009",
          "ref": "Khodarahimi, S. (2009). Satiation therapy and exposure response prevention in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 39(3), 203-207."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kobayashi,2020",
          "ref": "Kobayashi, Y., Kanie, A., Nakagawa, A., Takebayashi, Y., Shinmei, I., Nakayama, N., . . . Mimura, M. (2020). An evaluation of family-based treatment for OCD in Japan: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 932."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kyrios,2018",
          "ref": "Kyrios, M., Ahern, C., Fassnacht, D. B., Nedeljkovic, M., Moulding, R., & Meyer, D. (2018). Therapist-Assisted Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Progressive Relaxation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(8), e242."
        },
        {
          "study": "Launes,2019",
          "ref": "Launes, G., Hagen, K., Sunde, T., Öst, L.-G., Klovning, I., Laukvik, I.-L., . . . Hansen, B. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of concentrated ERP, self-help and waiting list for obsessive-compulsive disorder: the Bergen 4-day treatment. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee,2023",
          "ref": "Li Z, Guo Z, Wang N, Xu Z, Qu Y, Wang X, et al. Cognitive – behavioural therapy for patients with schizophrenia : a multicentre randomized controlled trial in Beijing , China. Psychol Med. 2015;45:1893–905."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lindsay,1997",
          "ref": "Lindsay, M., Crino, R., & Andrews, G. (1997). Controlled trial of exposure and response prevention in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry, 171, 135-139."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mancebo,2021",
          "ref": "Mancebo, M. C., Yip, A. G., Boisseau, C. L., Rasmussen, S. A., & Zlotnick, C. (2021). Behavioral Therapy Teams for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Lessons Learned From a Pilot Randomized Trial in a Community Mental Health Center. Behav Ther, 52(5), 1296-1309."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathur,2021",
          "ref": "Mathur, S., Sharma, M. P., Balachander, S., Kandavel, T., & Reddy, Y. C. J. (2021). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy vs stress management training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 282, 58-68."
        },
        {
          "study": "Matsumoto,2022",
          "ref": "Matsumoto, K., Hamatani, S., Makino, T., Takahashi, J., Suzuki, F., Ida, T., . . . Omori, I. M. (2022). Guided internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A multicenter randomized controlled trial in Japan. Internet interventions, 28, 100515."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLean,2001",
          "ref": "McLean, P. D., Whittal, M. L., Thordarson, D. S., Taylor, S., Söchting, I., Koch, W. J., ... & Anderson, K. W. (2001). Cognitive versus behavior therapy in the group treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 69(2), 205."
        },
        {
          "study": "Moritz,2018",
          "ref": "Moritz S, Hauschildt M, Murray SC, Pedersen A, Krausz M, Jelinek L. New wine in an old bottle? Evaluation of myMCT as an integrative bibliotherapy for obsessive- compulsive disorder. J Obs Compuls Relat Disord 2018;16:88–97."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakatani,2005",
          "ref": "Nakatani, E., Nakagawa, A., Nakao, T., Yoshizato, C., Nabeyama, M., Kudo, A., ... & Kawamoto, M. (2005). A randomized controlled trial of Japanese patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder–effectiveness of behavior therapy and fluvoxamine. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 74(5), 269-276."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nan_Zhang,2023",
          "ref": "Zhang Nan. Observation on the effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Chinese Journal of Urban and Rural Enterprise Hygiene. 2023;38(5):89–91."
        },
        {
          "study": "Norman,2021",
          "ref": "Norman, L. J., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., Abelson, J. L., Himle, J. A., . . . Taylor, S. F. (2021). Treatment-Specific Associations Between Brain Activation and Symptom Reduction in OCD Following CBT: A Randomized fMRI Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 178(1), 39-47."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,1999",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,2006",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rupp,2019",
          "ref": "Rupp, C., Jürgens, C., Doebler, P., Andor, F., & Buhlmann, U. (2019). A randomized waitlist-controlled trial comparing detached mindfulness and cognitive restructuring in obsessive-compulsive disorder. PLoS One, 14(3), e0213895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell,2013",
          "ref": "Russell, A. J., Jassi, A., Fullana, M. A., Mack, H., Johnston, K., Heyman, I., . . . Mataix-Cols, D. (2013). Cognitive behavior therapy for comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder in high-functioning autism spectrum disorders: a randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 30(8), 697-708."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adol",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adul",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Twohig,2010",
          "ref": "Twohig, M. P., Hayes, S. C., Plumb, J. C., Pruitt, L. D., Collins, A. B., Hazlett-Stevens, H., & Woidneck, M. R. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy versus progressive relaxation training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 78(5), 705-716."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vogel,2014",
          "ref": "Vogel, P. A., Solem, S., Hagen, K., Moen, E. M., Launes, G., HÃ¥land, Ã…. T., . . . Himle, J. A. (2014). A pilot randomized controlled trial of videoconference-assisted treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 63, 162-168."
        },
        {
          "study": "Whittal,2010",
          "ref": "Whittal, M. L., Woody, S. R., McLean, P. D., Rachman, S. J., & Robichaud, M. (2010). Treatment of obsessions: a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 48(4), 295-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wootton,2013",
          "ref": "Wootton, B. M., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., Terides, M. D., & Titov, N. (2013). Remote treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2(4), 375-384."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu,2023",
          "ref": "Wu, Y., Li, X., Zhou, Y., Gao, R., Wang, K., Ye, H., ... & Fan, Q. (2023). Efficacy and cost-effectiveness analysis of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 25, e41283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zejuan_Fu,2016",
          "ref": "Fu Zejuan, Xie Hailing. Evaluation of the effects of cognitive-behavioral intervention therapy on improving the psychological state and quality of life in patients with obsessive- compulsive disorder. Journal of Practical Clinical Medicine. 2016;20(8):17–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang,2021",
          "ref": "Zhang, T., Lu, L., Didonna, F., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., & Fan, Q. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Unmedicated Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial With 6-Month Follow-Up. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12."
        },
        {
          "study": "van Balkom,1998",
          "ref": "van Balkom, A. J., de Haan, E., van Oppen, P., Spinhoven, P., Hoogduin, K. A., & van Dyck, R. (1998). Cognitive and behavioral therapies alone versus in combination with fluvoxamine in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 186(8), 492-499."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2238,
      "instr": "ybocs",
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      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Foa,2005",
          "ref": "Foa, E. B., Liebowitz, M. R., Kozak, M. J., Davies, S., Campeas, R., Franklin, M. E., . . . Tu, X. (2005). Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of exposure and ritual prevention, clomipramine, and their combination in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 162(1), 151-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freeston,1997",
          "ref": "Freeston, M. H., Ladouceur, R., Gagnon, F., Thibodeau, N., Rhéaume, J., Letarte, H., & Bujold, A. (1997). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of obsessive thoughts: a controlled study. J Consult Clin Psychol, 65(3), 405-413."
        },
        {
          "study": "Greist,2002",
          "ref": "Greist, J. H., Marks, I. M., Baer, L., Kobak, K. A., Wenzel, K. W., Hirsch, M. J., . . . Clary, C. M. (2002). Behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder guided by a computer or by a clinician compared with relaxation as a control. J Clin Psychiatry, 63(2), 138-145."
        },
        {
          "study": "Katz,2023",
          "ref": "Katz, D. E., Rector, N. A., McCabe, R. E., Hawley, L. L., Rowa, K., Richter, M. A., ... & Laposa, J. M. (2023). The effect of aerobic exercise alone and in combination with cognitive behavioural therapy on obsessive compulsive disorder: A randomized control study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 98, 102746."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mancebo,2021",
          "ref": "Mancebo, M. C., Yip, A. G., Boisseau, C. L., Rasmussen, S. A., & Zlotnick, C. (2021). Behavioral Therapy Teams for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Lessons Learned From a Pilot Randomized Trial in a Community Mental Health Center. Behav Ther, 52(5), 1296-1309."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLean,2001",
          "ref": "McLean, P. D., Whittal, M. L., Thordarson, D. S., Taylor, S., Söchting, I., Koch, W. J., ... & Anderson, K. W. (2001). Cognitive versus behavior therapy in the group treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 69(2), 205."
        },
        {
          "study": "Norman,2021",
          "ref": "Norman, L. J., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., Abelson, J. L., Himle, J. A., . . . Taylor, S. F. (2021). Treatment-Specific Associations Between Brain Activation and Symptom Reduction in OCD Following CBT: A Randomized fMRI Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 178(1), 39-47."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,1999",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,2006",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adol",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adul",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Twohig,2010",
          "ref": "Twohig, M. P., Hayes, S. C., Plumb, J. C., Pruitt, L. D., Collins, A. B., Hazlett-Stevens, H., & Woidneck, M. R. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy versus progressive relaxation training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 78(5), 705-716."
        },
        {
          "study": "Whittal,2010",
          "ref": "Whittal, M. L., Woody, S. R., McLean, P. D., Rachman, S. J., & Robichaud, M. (2010). Treatment of obsessions: a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 48(4), 295-303."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2239,
      "instr": "ybocs",
      "full": "Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "North America",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 41,
      "k_es": 52,
      "sd": 6.181,
      "lo": 5.513,
      "hi": 6.93,
      "tau2": 0.1189,
      "tau2w": 0.0001,
      "plo": 3.115,
      "phi": 12.264,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Anderson,2007",
          "ref": "Anderson, R. A., & Rees, C. S. (2007). Group versus individual cognitive-behavioural treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 45(1), 123-137."
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson,2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, E., Enander, J., Andrén, P., Hedman, E., Ljótsson, B., Hursti, T., . . . Rück, C. (2012). Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med, 42(10), 2193-2203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Braga,2016",
          "ref": "Braga, D. T., Abramovitch, A., Fontenelle, L. F., Ferrão, Y. A., Gomes, J. B., Vivan, A. S., . . . Cordioli, A. V. (2016). Neuropsychological predictors of treatment response to cognitive behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety, 33(9), 848-861."
        },
        {
          "study": "Challacombe,2017",
          "ref": "Challacombe, F. L., Salkovskis, P. M., Woolgar, M., Wilkinson, E. L., Read, J., & Acheson, R. (2017). A pilot randomized controlled trial of time-intensive cognitive–behaviour therapy for postpartum obsessive–compulsive disorder: Effects on maternal symptoms, mother–infant interactions and attachment. Psychological Medicine, 47(8), 1478-1488."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cordioli,2003",
          "ref": "Cordioli, A. V., Heldt, E., Bochi, D. B., Margis, R., De Sousa, M. B., Tonello, J. F., . . . Kapczinski, F. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 72(4), 211-216."
        },
        {
          "study": "Foa,2005",
          "ref": "Foa, E. B., Liebowitz, M. R., Kozak, M. J., Davies, S., Campeas, R., Franklin, M. E., . . . Tu, X. (2005). Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of exposure and ritual prevention, clomipramine, and their combination in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 162(1), 151-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freeston,1997",
          "ref": "Freeston, M. H., Ladouceur, R., Gagnon, F., Thibodeau, N., Rhéaume, J., Letarte, H., & Bujold, A. (1997). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of obsessive thoughts: a controlled study. J Consult Clin Psychol, 65(3), 405-413."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gomes,2016",
          "ref": "Gomes, J. B., Cordioli, A. V., Bortoncello, C. F., Braga, D. T., Gonçalves, F., & Heldt, E. (2016). Impact of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder on family accommodation: A randomized clinical trial. Psychiatry Res, 246, 70-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Greist,2002",
          "ref": "Greist, J. H., Marks, I. M., Baer, L., Kobak, K. A., Wenzel, K. W., Hirsch, M. J., . . . Clary, C. M. (2002). Behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder guided by a computer or by a clinician compared with relaxation as a control. J Clin Psychiatry, 63(2), 138-145."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hauschildt,2016",
          "ref": "Hauschildt, M., Schröder, J., & Moritz, S. (2016). Randomized-controlled trial on a novel (meta-)cognitive self-help approach for obsessive-compulsive disorder (\"myMCT\"). Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 10, 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2016.04.010"
        },
        {
          "study": "Herbst,2014",
          "ref": "Herbst, N., Voderholzer, U., Thiel, N., Schaub, R., Knaevelsrud, C., Stracke, S., . . . Külz, A. K. (2014). No talking, just writing! Efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention in obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 83(3), 165-175."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jaurrieta,2008",
          "ref": "Jaurrieta N, Jiménez-Murcia S, Alonso P, Granero R, Segalàs C, Labad J, Menchón JM. Individual versus group cognitive behavioral treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: follow up. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008 Dec;62(6):697-704. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01873.x. PMID: 19068007."
        },
        {
          "study": "Katz,2023",
          "ref": "Katz, D. E., Rector, N. A., McCabe, R. E., Hawley, L. L., Rowa, K., Richter, M. A., ... & Laposa, J. M. (2023). The effect of aerobic exercise alone and in combination with cognitive behavioural therapy on obsessive compulsive disorder: A randomized control study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 98, 102746."
        },
        {
          "study": "Khodarahimi,2009",
          "ref": "Khodarahimi, S. (2009). Satiation therapy and exposure response prevention in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 39(3), 203-207."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kobayashi,2020",
          "ref": "Kobayashi, Y., Kanie, A., Nakagawa, A., Takebayashi, Y., Shinmei, I., Nakayama, N., . . . Mimura, M. (2020). An evaluation of family-based treatment for OCD in Japan: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 932."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kyrios,2018",
          "ref": "Kyrios, M., Ahern, C., Fassnacht, D. B., Nedeljkovic, M., Moulding, R., & Meyer, D. (2018). Therapist-Assisted Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Progressive Relaxation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(8), e242."
        },
        {
          "study": "Launes,2019",
          "ref": "Launes, G., Hagen, K., Sunde, T., Öst, L.-G., Klovning, I., Laukvik, I.-L., . . . Hansen, B. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of concentrated ERP, self-help and waiting list for obsessive-compulsive disorder: the Bergen 4-day treatment. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee,2023",
          "ref": "Li Z, Guo Z, Wang N, Xu Z, Qu Y, Wang X, et al. Cognitive – behavioural therapy for patients with schizophrenia : a multicentre randomized controlled trial in Beijing , China. Psychol Med. 2015;45:1893–905."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lindsay,1997",
          "ref": "Lindsay, M., Crino, R., & Andrews, G. (1997). Controlled trial of exposure and response prevention in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry, 171, 135-139."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mancebo,2021",
          "ref": "Mancebo, M. C., Yip, A. G., Boisseau, C. L., Rasmussen, S. A., & Zlotnick, C. (2021). Behavioral Therapy Teams for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Lessons Learned From a Pilot Randomized Trial in a Community Mental Health Center. Behav Ther, 52(5), 1296-1309."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathur,2021",
          "ref": "Mathur, S., Sharma, M. P., Balachander, S., Kandavel, T., & Reddy, Y. C. J. (2021). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy vs stress management training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 282, 58-68."
        },
        {
          "study": "Matsumoto,2022",
          "ref": "Matsumoto, K., Hamatani, S., Makino, T., Takahashi, J., Suzuki, F., Ida, T., . . . Omori, I. M. (2022). Guided internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A multicenter randomized controlled trial in Japan. Internet interventions, 28, 100515."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLean,2001",
          "ref": "McLean, P. D., Whittal, M. L., Thordarson, D. S., Taylor, S., Söchting, I., Koch, W. J., ... & Anderson, K. W. (2001). Cognitive versus behavior therapy in the group treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 69(2), 205."
        },
        {
          "study": "Moritz,2018",
          "ref": "Moritz S, Hauschildt M, Murray SC, Pedersen A, Krausz M, Jelinek L. New wine in an old bottle? Evaluation of myMCT as an integrative bibliotherapy for obsessive- compulsive disorder. J Obs Compuls Relat Disord 2018;16:88–97."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakatani,2005",
          "ref": "Nakatani, E., Nakagawa, A., Nakao, T., Yoshizato, C., Nabeyama, M., Kudo, A., ... & Kawamoto, M. (2005). A randomized controlled trial of Japanese patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder–effectiveness of behavior therapy and fluvoxamine. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 74(5), 269-276."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nan_Zhang,2023",
          "ref": "Zhang Nan. Observation on the effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Chinese Journal of Urban and Rural Enterprise Hygiene. 2023;38(5):89–91."
        },
        {
          "study": "Norman,2021",
          "ref": "Norman, L. J., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., Abelson, J. L., Himle, J. A., . . . Taylor, S. F. (2021). Treatment-Specific Associations Between Brain Activation and Symptom Reduction in OCD Following CBT: A Randomized fMRI Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 178(1), 39-47."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,1999",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,2006",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rupp,2019",
          "ref": "Rupp, C., Jürgens, C., Doebler, P., Andor, F., & Buhlmann, U. (2019). A randomized waitlist-controlled trial comparing detached mindfulness and cognitive restructuring in obsessive-compulsive disorder. PLoS One, 14(3), e0213895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell,2013",
          "ref": "Russell, A. J., Jassi, A., Fullana, M. A., Mack, H., Johnston, K., Heyman, I., . . . Mataix-Cols, D. (2013). Cognitive behavior therapy for comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder in high-functioning autism spectrum disorders: a randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 30(8), 697-708."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adol",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adul",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Twohig,2010",
          "ref": "Twohig, M. P., Hayes, S. C., Plumb, J. C., Pruitt, L. D., Collins, A. B., Hazlett-Stevens, H., & Woidneck, M. R. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy versus progressive relaxation training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 78(5), 705-716."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vogel,2014",
          "ref": "Vogel, P. A., Solem, S., Hagen, K., Moen, E. M., Launes, G., HÃ¥land, Ã…. T., . . . Himle, J. A. (2014). A pilot randomized controlled trial of videoconference-assisted treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 63, 162-168."
        },
        {
          "study": "Whittal,2010",
          "ref": "Whittal, M. L., Woody, S. R., McLean, P. D., Rachman, S. J., & Robichaud, M. (2010). Treatment of obsessions: a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 48(4), 295-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wootton,2013",
          "ref": "Wootton, B. M., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., Terides, M. D., & Titov, N. (2013). Remote treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2(4), 375-384."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu,2023",
          "ref": "Wu, Y., Li, X., Zhou, Y., Gao, R., Wang, K., Ye, H., ... & Fan, Q. (2023). Efficacy and cost-effectiveness analysis of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 25, e41283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zejuan_Fu,2016",
          "ref": "Fu Zejuan, Xie Hailing. Evaluation of the effects of cognitive-behavioral intervention therapy on improving the psychological state and quality of life in patients with obsessive- compulsive disorder. Journal of Practical Clinical Medicine. 2016;20(8):17–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang,2021",
          "ref": "Zhang, T., Lu, L., Didonna, F., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., & Fan, Q. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Unmedicated Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial With 6-Month Follow-Up. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12."
        },
        {
          "study": "van Balkom,1998",
          "ref": "van Balkom, A. J., de Haan, E., van Oppen, P., Spinhoven, P., Hoogduin, K. A., & van Dyck, R. (1998). Cognitive and behavioral therapies alone versus in combination with fluvoxamine in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 186(8), 492-499."
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        },
        {
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          "ref": "Cordioli, A. V., Heldt, E., Bochi, D. B., Margis, R., De Sousa, M. B., Tonello, J. F., . . . Kapczinski, F. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 72(4), 211-216."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Gomes, J. B., Cordioli, A. V., Bortoncello, C. F., Braga, D. T., Gonçalves, F., & Heldt, E. (2016). Impact of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder on family accommodation: A randomized clinical trial. Psychiatry Res, 246, 70-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Khodarahimi,2009",
          "ref": "Khodarahimi, S. (2009). Satiation therapy and exposure response prevention in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 39(3), 203-207."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kyrios,2018",
          "ref": "Kyrios, M., Ahern, C., Fassnacht, D. B., Nedeljkovic, M., Moulding, R., & Meyer, D. (2018). Therapist-Assisted Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Progressive Relaxation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(8), e242."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lindsay,1997",
          "ref": "Lindsay, M., Crino, R., & Andrews, G. (1997). Controlled trial of exposure and response prevention in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry, 171, 135-139."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathur,2021",
          "ref": "Mathur, S., Sharma, M. P., Balachander, S., Kandavel, T., & Reddy, Y. C. J. (2021). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy vs stress management training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 282, 58-68."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wootton,2013",
          "ref": "Wootton, B. M., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., Terides, M. D., & Titov, N. (2013). Remote treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2(4), 375-384."
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        {
          "study": "Anderson,2007",
          "ref": "Anderson, R. A., & Rees, C. S. (2007). Group versus individual cognitive-behavioural treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 45(1), 123-137."
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson,2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, E., Enander, J., Andrén, P., Hedman, E., Ljótsson, B., Hursti, T., . . . Rück, C. (2012). Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med, 42(10), 2193-2203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Braga,2016",
          "ref": "Braga, D. T., Abramovitch, A., Fontenelle, L. F., Ferrão, Y. A., Gomes, J. B., Vivan, A. S., . . . Cordioli, A. V. (2016). Neuropsychological predictors of treatment response to cognitive behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety, 33(9), 848-861."
        },
        {
          "study": "Challacombe,2017",
          "ref": "Challacombe, F. L., Salkovskis, P. M., Woolgar, M., Wilkinson, E. L., Read, J., & Acheson, R. (2017). A pilot randomized controlled trial of time-intensive cognitive–behaviour therapy for postpartum obsessive–compulsive disorder: Effects on maternal symptoms, mother–infant interactions and attachment. Psychological Medicine, 47(8), 1478-1488."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cordioli,2003",
          "ref": "Cordioli, A. V., Heldt, E., Bochi, D. B., Margis, R., De Sousa, M. B., Tonello, J. F., . . . Kapczinski, F. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 72(4), 211-216."
        },
        {
          "study": "Foa,2005",
          "ref": "Foa, E. B., Liebowitz, M. R., Kozak, M. J., Davies, S., Campeas, R., Franklin, M. E., . . . Tu, X. (2005). Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of exposure and ritual prevention, clomipramine, and their combination in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 162(1), 151-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freeston,1997",
          "ref": "Freeston, M. H., Ladouceur, R., Gagnon, F., Thibodeau, N., Rhéaume, J., Letarte, H., & Bujold, A. (1997). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of obsessive thoughts: a controlled study. J Consult Clin Psychol, 65(3), 405-413."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gomes,2016",
          "ref": "Gomes, J. B., Cordioli, A. V., Bortoncello, C. F., Braga, D. T., Gonçalves, F., & Heldt, E. (2016). Impact of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder on family accommodation: A randomized clinical trial. Psychiatry Res, 246, 70-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Greist,2002",
          "ref": "Greist, J. H., Marks, I. M., Baer, L., Kobak, K. A., Wenzel, K. W., Hirsch, M. J., . . . Clary, C. M. (2002). Behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder guided by a computer or by a clinician compared with relaxation as a control. J Clin Psychiatry, 63(2), 138-145."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hauschildt,2016",
          "ref": "Hauschildt, M., Schröder, J., & Moritz, S. (2016). Randomized-controlled trial on a novel (meta-)cognitive self-help approach for obsessive-compulsive disorder (\"myMCT\"). Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 10, 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2016.04.010"
        },
        {
          "study": "Herbst,2014",
          "ref": "Herbst, N., Voderholzer, U., Thiel, N., Schaub, R., Knaevelsrud, C., Stracke, S., . . . Külz, A. K. (2014). No talking, just writing! Efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention in obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 83(3), 165-175."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jaurrieta,2008",
          "ref": "Jaurrieta N, Jiménez-Murcia S, Alonso P, Granero R, Segalàs C, Labad J, Menchón JM. Individual versus group cognitive behavioral treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: follow up. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008 Dec;62(6):697-704. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01873.x. PMID: 19068007."
        },
        {
          "study": "Katz,2023",
          "ref": "Katz, D. E., Rector, N. A., McCabe, R. E., Hawley, L. L., Rowa, K., Richter, M. A., ... & Laposa, J. M. (2023). The effect of aerobic exercise alone and in combination with cognitive behavioural therapy on obsessive compulsive disorder: A randomized control study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 98, 102746."
        },
        {
          "study": "Khodarahimi,2009",
          "ref": "Khodarahimi, S. (2009). Satiation therapy and exposure response prevention in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 39(3), 203-207."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kobayashi,2020",
          "ref": "Kobayashi, Y., Kanie, A., Nakagawa, A., Takebayashi, Y., Shinmei, I., Nakayama, N., . . . Mimura, M. (2020). An evaluation of family-based treatment for OCD in Japan: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 932."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kyrios,2018",
          "ref": "Kyrios, M., Ahern, C., Fassnacht, D. B., Nedeljkovic, M., Moulding, R., & Meyer, D. (2018). Therapist-Assisted Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Progressive Relaxation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(8), e242."
        },
        {
          "study": "Launes,2019",
          "ref": "Launes, G., Hagen, K., Sunde, T., Öst, L.-G., Klovning, I., Laukvik, I.-L., . . . Hansen, B. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of concentrated ERP, self-help and waiting list for obsessive-compulsive disorder: the Bergen 4-day treatment. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee,2023",
          "ref": "Li Z, Guo Z, Wang N, Xu Z, Qu Y, Wang X, et al. Cognitive – behavioural therapy for patients with schizophrenia : a multicentre randomized controlled trial in Beijing , China. Psychol Med. 2015;45:1893–905."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lindsay,1997",
          "ref": "Lindsay, M., Crino, R., & Andrews, G. (1997). Controlled trial of exposure and response prevention in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry, 171, 135-139."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mancebo,2021",
          "ref": "Mancebo, M. C., Yip, A. G., Boisseau, C. L., Rasmussen, S. A., & Zlotnick, C. (2021). Behavioral Therapy Teams for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Lessons Learned From a Pilot Randomized Trial in a Community Mental Health Center. Behav Ther, 52(5), 1296-1309."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathur,2021",
          "ref": "Mathur, S., Sharma, M. P., Balachander, S., Kandavel, T., & Reddy, Y. C. J. (2021). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy vs stress management training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 282, 58-68."
        },
        {
          "study": "Matsumoto,2022",
          "ref": "Matsumoto, K., Hamatani, S., Makino, T., Takahashi, J., Suzuki, F., Ida, T., . . . Omori, I. M. (2022). Guided internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A multicenter randomized controlled trial in Japan. Internet interventions, 28, 100515."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLean,2001",
          "ref": "McLean, P. D., Whittal, M. L., Thordarson, D. S., Taylor, S., Söchting, I., Koch, W. J., ... & Anderson, K. W. (2001). Cognitive versus behavior therapy in the group treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 69(2), 205."
        },
        {
          "study": "Moritz,2018",
          "ref": "Moritz S, Hauschildt M, Murray SC, Pedersen A, Krausz M, Jelinek L. New wine in an old bottle? Evaluation of myMCT as an integrative bibliotherapy for obsessive- compulsive disorder. J Obs Compuls Relat Disord 2018;16:88–97."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakatani,2005",
          "ref": "Nakatani, E., Nakagawa, A., Nakao, T., Yoshizato, C., Nabeyama, M., Kudo, A., ... & Kawamoto, M. (2005). A randomized controlled trial of Japanese patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder–effectiveness of behavior therapy and fluvoxamine. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 74(5), 269-276."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nan_Zhang,2023",
          "ref": "Zhang Nan. Observation on the effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Chinese Journal of Urban and Rural Enterprise Hygiene. 2023;38(5):89–91."
        },
        {
          "study": "Norman,2021",
          "ref": "Norman, L. J., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., Abelson, J. L., Himle, J. A., . . . Taylor, S. F. (2021). Treatment-Specific Associations Between Brain Activation and Symptom Reduction in OCD Following CBT: A Randomized fMRI Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 178(1), 39-47."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,1999",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,2006",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rupp,2019",
          "ref": "Rupp, C., Jürgens, C., Doebler, P., Andor, F., & Buhlmann, U. (2019). A randomized waitlist-controlled trial comparing detached mindfulness and cognitive restructuring in obsessive-compulsive disorder. PLoS One, 14(3), e0213895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell,2013",
          "ref": "Russell, A. J., Jassi, A., Fullana, M. A., Mack, H., Johnston, K., Heyman, I., . . . Mataix-Cols, D. (2013). Cognitive behavior therapy for comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder in high-functioning autism spectrum disorders: a randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 30(8), 697-708."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adol",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adul",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Twohig,2010",
          "ref": "Twohig, M. P., Hayes, S. C., Plumb, J. C., Pruitt, L. D., Collins, A. B., Hazlett-Stevens, H., & Woidneck, M. R. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy versus progressive relaxation training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 78(5), 705-716."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vogel,2014",
          "ref": "Vogel, P. A., Solem, S., Hagen, K., Moen, E. M., Launes, G., HÃ¥land, Ã…. T., . . . Himle, J. A. (2014). A pilot randomized controlled trial of videoconference-assisted treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 63, 162-168."
        },
        {
          "study": "Whittal,2010",
          "ref": "Whittal, M. L., Woody, S. R., McLean, P. D., Rachman, S. J., & Robichaud, M. (2010). Treatment of obsessions: a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 48(4), 295-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wootton,2013",
          "ref": "Wootton, B. M., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., Terides, M. D., & Titov, N. (2013). Remote treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2(4), 375-384."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu,2023",
          "ref": "Wu, Y., Li, X., Zhou, Y., Gao, R., Wang, K., Ye, H., ... & Fan, Q. (2023). Efficacy and cost-effectiveness analysis of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 25, e41283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zejuan_Fu,2016",
          "ref": "Fu Zejuan, Xie Hailing. Evaluation of the effects of cognitive-behavioral intervention therapy on improving the psychological state and quality of life in patients with obsessive- compulsive disorder. Journal of Practical Clinical Medicine. 2016;20(8):17–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang,2021",
          "ref": "Zhang, T., Lu, L., Didonna, F., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., & Fan, Q. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Unmedicated Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial With 6-Month Follow-Up. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12."
        },
        {
          "study": "van Balkom,1998",
          "ref": "van Balkom, A. J., de Haan, E., van Oppen, P., Spinhoven, P., Hoogduin, K. A., & van Dyck, R. (1998). Cognitive and behavioral therapies alone versus in combination with fluvoxamine in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 186(8), 492-499."
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        },
        {
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          "ref": "Braga, D. T., Abramovitch, A., Fontenelle, L. F., Ferrão, Y. A., Gomes, J. B., Vivan, A. S., . . . Cordioli, A. V. (2016). Neuropsychological predictors of treatment response to cognitive behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety, 33(9), 848-861."
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        {
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          "ref": "Cordioli, A. V., Heldt, E., Bochi, D. B., Margis, R., De Sousa, M. B., Tonello, J. F., . . . Kapczinski, F. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 72(4), 211-216."
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          "study": "Jaurrieta,2008",
          "ref": "Jaurrieta N, Jiménez-Murcia S, Alonso P, Granero R, Segalàs C, Labad J, Menchón JM. Individual versus group cognitive behavioral treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: follow up. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008 Dec;62(6):697-704. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01873.x. PMID: 19068007."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee,2023",
          "ref": "Li Z, Guo Z, Wang N, Xu Z, Qu Y, Wang X, et al. Cognitive – behavioural therapy for patients with schizophrenia : a multicentre randomized controlled trial in Beijing , China. Psychol Med. 2015;45:1893–905."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLean,2001",
          "ref": "McLean, P. D., Whittal, M. L., Thordarson, D. S., Taylor, S., Söchting, I., Koch, W. J., ... & Anderson, K. W. (2001). Cognitive versus behavior therapy in the group treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 69(2), 205."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vogel,2014",
          "ref": "Vogel, P. A., Solem, S., Hagen, K., Moen, E. M., Launes, G., HÃ¥land, Ã…. T., . . . Himle, J. A. (2014). A pilot randomized controlled trial of videoconference-assisted treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 63, 162-168."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu,2023",
          "ref": "Wu, Y., Li, X., Zhou, Y., Gao, R., Wang, K., Ye, H., ... & Fan, Q. (2023). Efficacy and cost-effectiveness analysis of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 25, e41283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang,2021",
          "ref": "Zhang, T., Lu, L., Didonna, F., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., & Fan, Q. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Unmedicated Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial With 6-Month Follow-Up. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12."
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          "ref": "Andersson, E., Enander, J., Andrén, P., Hedman, E., Ljótsson, B., Hursti, T., . . . Rück, C. (2012). Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med, 42(10), 2193-2203."
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        {
          "study": "Braga,2016",
          "ref": "Braga, D. T., Abramovitch, A., Fontenelle, L. F., Ferrão, Y. A., Gomes, J. B., Vivan, A. S., . . . Cordioli, A. V. (2016). Neuropsychological predictors of treatment response to cognitive behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety, 33(9), 848-861."
        },
        {
          "study": "Challacombe,2017",
          "ref": "Challacombe, F. L., Salkovskis, P. M., Woolgar, M., Wilkinson, E. L., Read, J., & Acheson, R. (2017). A pilot randomized controlled trial of time-intensive cognitive–behaviour therapy for postpartum obsessive–compulsive disorder: Effects on maternal symptoms, mother–infant interactions and attachment. Psychological Medicine, 47(8), 1478-1488."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cordioli,2003",
          "ref": "Cordioli, A. V., Heldt, E., Bochi, D. B., Margis, R., De Sousa, M. B., Tonello, J. F., . . . Kapczinski, F. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 72(4), 211-216."
        },
        {
          "study": "Foa,2005",
          "ref": "Foa, E. B., Liebowitz, M. R., Kozak, M. J., Davies, S., Campeas, R., Franklin, M. E., . . . Tu, X. (2005). Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of exposure and ritual prevention, clomipramine, and their combination in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 162(1), 151-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freeston,1997",
          "ref": "Freeston, M. H., Ladouceur, R., Gagnon, F., Thibodeau, N., Rhéaume, J., Letarte, H., & Bujold, A. (1997). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of obsessive thoughts: a controlled study. J Consult Clin Psychol, 65(3), 405-413."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gomes,2016",
          "ref": "Gomes, J. B., Cordioli, A. V., Bortoncello, C. F., Braga, D. T., Gonçalves, F., & Heldt, E. (2016). Impact of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder on family accommodation: A randomized clinical trial. Psychiatry Res, 246, 70-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Greist,2002",
          "ref": "Greist, J. H., Marks, I. M., Baer, L., Kobak, K. A., Wenzel, K. W., Hirsch, M. J., . . . Clary, C. M. (2002). Behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder guided by a computer or by a clinician compared with relaxation as a control. J Clin Psychiatry, 63(2), 138-145."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hauschildt,2016",
          "ref": "Hauschildt, M., Schröder, J., & Moritz, S. (2016). Randomized-controlled trial on a novel (meta-)cognitive self-help approach for obsessive-compulsive disorder (\"myMCT\"). Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 10, 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2016.04.010"
        },
        {
          "study": "Herbst,2014",
          "ref": "Herbst, N., Voderholzer, U., Thiel, N., Schaub, R., Knaevelsrud, C., Stracke, S., . . . Külz, A. K. (2014). No talking, just writing! Efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention in obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 83(3), 165-175."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jaurrieta,2008",
          "ref": "Jaurrieta N, Jiménez-Murcia S, Alonso P, Granero R, Segalàs C, Labad J, Menchón JM. Individual versus group cognitive behavioral treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: follow up. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008 Dec;62(6):697-704. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01873.x. PMID: 19068007."
        },
        {
          "study": "Katz,2023",
          "ref": "Katz, D. E., Rector, N. A., McCabe, R. E., Hawley, L. L., Rowa, K., Richter, M. A., ... & Laposa, J. M. (2023). The effect of aerobic exercise alone and in combination with cognitive behavioural therapy on obsessive compulsive disorder: A randomized control study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 98, 102746."
        },
        {
          "study": "Khodarahimi,2009",
          "ref": "Khodarahimi, S. (2009). Satiation therapy and exposure response prevention in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 39(3), 203-207."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kobayashi,2020",
          "ref": "Kobayashi, Y., Kanie, A., Nakagawa, A., Takebayashi, Y., Shinmei, I., Nakayama, N., . . . Mimura, M. (2020). An evaluation of family-based treatment for OCD in Japan: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 932."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kyrios,2018",
          "ref": "Kyrios, M., Ahern, C., Fassnacht, D. B., Nedeljkovic, M., Moulding, R., & Meyer, D. (2018). Therapist-Assisted Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Progressive Relaxation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(8), e242."
        },
        {
          "study": "Launes,2019",
          "ref": "Launes, G., Hagen, K., Sunde, T., Öst, L.-G., Klovning, I., Laukvik, I.-L., . . . Hansen, B. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of concentrated ERP, self-help and waiting list for obsessive-compulsive disorder: the Bergen 4-day treatment. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee,2023",
          "ref": "Li Z, Guo Z, Wang N, Xu Z, Qu Y, Wang X, et al. Cognitive – behavioural therapy for patients with schizophrenia : a multicentre randomized controlled trial in Beijing , China. Psychol Med. 2015;45:1893–905."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lindsay,1997",
          "ref": "Lindsay, M., Crino, R., & Andrews, G. (1997). Controlled trial of exposure and response prevention in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry, 171, 135-139."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mancebo,2021",
          "ref": "Mancebo, M. C., Yip, A. G., Boisseau, C. L., Rasmussen, S. A., & Zlotnick, C. (2021). Behavioral Therapy Teams for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Lessons Learned From a Pilot Randomized Trial in a Community Mental Health Center. Behav Ther, 52(5), 1296-1309."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathur,2021",
          "ref": "Mathur, S., Sharma, M. P., Balachander, S., Kandavel, T., & Reddy, Y. C. J. (2021). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy vs stress management training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 282, 58-68."
        },
        {
          "study": "Matsumoto,2022",
          "ref": "Matsumoto, K., Hamatani, S., Makino, T., Takahashi, J., Suzuki, F., Ida, T., . . . Omori, I. M. (2022). Guided internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A multicenter randomized controlled trial in Japan. Internet interventions, 28, 100515."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLean,2001",
          "ref": "McLean, P. D., Whittal, M. L., Thordarson, D. S., Taylor, S., Söchting, I., Koch, W. J., ... & Anderson, K. W. (2001). Cognitive versus behavior therapy in the group treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 69(2), 205."
        },
        {
          "study": "Moritz,2018",
          "ref": "Moritz S, Hauschildt M, Murray SC, Pedersen A, Krausz M, Jelinek L. New wine in an old bottle? Evaluation of myMCT as an integrative bibliotherapy for obsessive- compulsive disorder. J Obs Compuls Relat Disord 2018;16:88–97."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakatani,2005",
          "ref": "Nakatani, E., Nakagawa, A., Nakao, T., Yoshizato, C., Nabeyama, M., Kudo, A., ... & Kawamoto, M. (2005). A randomized controlled trial of Japanese patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder–effectiveness of behavior therapy and fluvoxamine. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 74(5), 269-276."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nan_Zhang,2023",
          "ref": "Zhang Nan. Observation on the effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Chinese Journal of Urban and Rural Enterprise Hygiene. 2023;38(5):89–91."
        },
        {
          "study": "Norman,2021",
          "ref": "Norman, L. J., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., Abelson, J. L., Himle, J. A., . . . Taylor, S. F. (2021). Treatment-Specific Associations Between Brain Activation and Symptom Reduction in OCD Following CBT: A Randomized fMRI Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 178(1), 39-47."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,1999",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,2006",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rupp,2019",
          "ref": "Rupp, C., Jürgens, C., Doebler, P., Andor, F., & Buhlmann, U. (2019). A randomized waitlist-controlled trial comparing detached mindfulness and cognitive restructuring in obsessive-compulsive disorder. PLoS One, 14(3), e0213895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell,2013",
          "ref": "Russell, A. J., Jassi, A., Fullana, M. A., Mack, H., Johnston, K., Heyman, I., . . . Mataix-Cols, D. (2013). Cognitive behavior therapy for comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder in high-functioning autism spectrum disorders: a randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 30(8), 697-708."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adol",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adul",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Twohig,2010",
          "ref": "Twohig, M. P., Hayes, S. C., Plumb, J. C., Pruitt, L. D., Collins, A. B., Hazlett-Stevens, H., & Woidneck, M. R. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy versus progressive relaxation training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 78(5), 705-716."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vogel,2014",
          "ref": "Vogel, P. A., Solem, S., Hagen, K., Moen, E. M., Launes, G., HÃ¥land, Ã…. T., . . . Himle, J. A. (2014). A pilot randomized controlled trial of videoconference-assisted treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 63, 162-168."
        },
        {
          "study": "Whittal,2010",
          "ref": "Whittal, M. L., Woody, S. R., McLean, P. D., Rachman, S. J., & Robichaud, M. (2010). Treatment of obsessions: a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 48(4), 295-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wootton,2013",
          "ref": "Wootton, B. M., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., Terides, M. D., & Titov, N. (2013). Remote treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2(4), 375-384."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu,2023",
          "ref": "Wu, Y., Li, X., Zhou, Y., Gao, R., Wang, K., Ye, H., ... & Fan, Q. (2023). Efficacy and cost-effectiveness analysis of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 25, e41283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zejuan_Fu,2016",
          "ref": "Fu Zejuan, Xie Hailing. Evaluation of the effects of cognitive-behavioral intervention therapy on improving the psychological state and quality of life in patients with obsessive- compulsive disorder. Journal of Practical Clinical Medicine. 2016;20(8):17–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang,2021",
          "ref": "Zhang, T., Lu, L., Didonna, F., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., & Fan, Q. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Unmedicated Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial With 6-Month Follow-Up. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12."
        },
        {
          "study": "van Balkom,1998",
          "ref": "van Balkom, A. J., de Haan, E., van Oppen, P., Spinhoven, P., Hoogduin, K. A., & van Dyck, R. (1998). Cognitive and behavioral therapies alone versus in combination with fluvoxamine in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 186(8), 492-499."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2244,
      "instr": "ybocs",
      "full": "Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Format",
      "sgv": "Guided self-help",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 6,
      "k_es": 7,
      "sd": 5.717,
      "lo": 5.289,
      "hi": 6.179,
      "tau2": 0.0019,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 5.091,
      "phi": 6.419,
      "i2": 20.3,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson,2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, E., Enander, J., Andrén, P., Hedman, E., Ljótsson, B., Hursti, T., . . . Rück, C. (2012). Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med, 42(10), 2193-2203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Herbst,2014",
          "ref": "Herbst, N., Voderholzer, U., Thiel, N., Schaub, R., Knaevelsrud, C., Stracke, S., . . . Külz, A. K. (2014). No talking, just writing! Efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention in obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 83(3), 165-175."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kyrios,2018",
          "ref": "Kyrios, M., Ahern, C., Fassnacht, D. B., Nedeljkovic, M., Moulding, R., & Meyer, D. (2018). Therapist-Assisted Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Progressive Relaxation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(8), e242."
        },
        {
          "study": "Matsumoto,2022",
          "ref": "Matsumoto, K., Hamatani, S., Makino, T., Takahashi, J., Suzuki, F., Ida, T., . . . Omori, I. M. (2022). Guided internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A multicenter randomized controlled trial in Japan. Internet interventions, 28, 100515."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wootton,2013",
          "ref": "Wootton, B. M., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., Terides, M. D., & Titov, N. (2013). Remote treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2(4), 375-384."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu,2023",
          "ref": "Wu, Y., Li, X., Zhou, Y., Gao, R., Wang, K., Ye, H., ... & Fan, Q. (2023). Efficacy and cost-effectiveness analysis of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 25, e41283."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2245,
      "instr": "ybocs",
      "full": "Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Format",
      "sgv": "Guided self-help",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 41,
      "k_es": 52,
      "sd": 6.181,
      "lo": 5.513,
      "hi": 6.93,
      "tau2": 0.1189,
      "tau2w": 0.0001,
      "plo": 3.115,
      "phi": 12.264,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Anderson,2007",
          "ref": "Anderson, R. A., & Rees, C. S. (2007). Group versus individual cognitive-behavioural treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 45(1), 123-137."
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson,2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, E., Enander, J., Andrén, P., Hedman, E., Ljótsson, B., Hursti, T., . . . Rück, C. (2012). Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med, 42(10), 2193-2203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Braga,2016",
          "ref": "Braga, D. T., Abramovitch, A., Fontenelle, L. F., Ferrão, Y. A., Gomes, J. B., Vivan, A. S., . . . Cordioli, A. V. (2016). Neuropsychological predictors of treatment response to cognitive behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety, 33(9), 848-861."
        },
        {
          "study": "Challacombe,2017",
          "ref": "Challacombe, F. L., Salkovskis, P. M., Woolgar, M., Wilkinson, E. L., Read, J., & Acheson, R. (2017). A pilot randomized controlled trial of time-intensive cognitive–behaviour therapy for postpartum obsessive–compulsive disorder: Effects on maternal symptoms, mother–infant interactions and attachment. Psychological Medicine, 47(8), 1478-1488."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cordioli,2003",
          "ref": "Cordioli, A. V., Heldt, E., Bochi, D. B., Margis, R., De Sousa, M. B., Tonello, J. F., . . . Kapczinski, F. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 72(4), 211-216."
        },
        {
          "study": "Foa,2005",
          "ref": "Foa, E. B., Liebowitz, M. R., Kozak, M. J., Davies, S., Campeas, R., Franklin, M. E., . . . Tu, X. (2005). Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of exposure and ritual prevention, clomipramine, and their combination in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 162(1), 151-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freeston,1997",
          "ref": "Freeston, M. H., Ladouceur, R., Gagnon, F., Thibodeau, N., Rhéaume, J., Letarte, H., & Bujold, A. (1997). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of obsessive thoughts: a controlled study. J Consult Clin Psychol, 65(3), 405-413."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gomes,2016",
          "ref": "Gomes, J. B., Cordioli, A. V., Bortoncello, C. F., Braga, D. T., Gonçalves, F., & Heldt, E. (2016). Impact of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder on family accommodation: A randomized clinical trial. Psychiatry Res, 246, 70-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Greist,2002",
          "ref": "Greist, J. H., Marks, I. M., Baer, L., Kobak, K. A., Wenzel, K. W., Hirsch, M. J., . . . Clary, C. M. (2002). Behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder guided by a computer or by a clinician compared with relaxation as a control. J Clin Psychiatry, 63(2), 138-145."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hauschildt,2016",
          "ref": "Hauschildt, M., Schröder, J., & Moritz, S. (2016). Randomized-controlled trial on a novel (meta-)cognitive self-help approach for obsessive-compulsive disorder (\"myMCT\"). Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 10, 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2016.04.010"
        },
        {
          "study": "Herbst,2014",
          "ref": "Herbst, N., Voderholzer, U., Thiel, N., Schaub, R., Knaevelsrud, C., Stracke, S., . . . Külz, A. K. (2014). No talking, just writing! Efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention in obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 83(3), 165-175."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jaurrieta,2008",
          "ref": "Jaurrieta N, Jiménez-Murcia S, Alonso P, Granero R, Segalàs C, Labad J, Menchón JM. Individual versus group cognitive behavioral treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: follow up. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008 Dec;62(6):697-704. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01873.x. PMID: 19068007."
        },
        {
          "study": "Katz,2023",
          "ref": "Katz, D. E., Rector, N. A., McCabe, R. E., Hawley, L. L., Rowa, K., Richter, M. A., ... & Laposa, J. M. (2023). The effect of aerobic exercise alone and in combination with cognitive behavioural therapy on obsessive compulsive disorder: A randomized control study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 98, 102746."
        },
        {
          "study": "Khodarahimi,2009",
          "ref": "Khodarahimi, S. (2009). Satiation therapy and exposure response prevention in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 39(3), 203-207."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kobayashi,2020",
          "ref": "Kobayashi, Y., Kanie, A., Nakagawa, A., Takebayashi, Y., Shinmei, I., Nakayama, N., . . . Mimura, M. (2020). An evaluation of family-based treatment for OCD in Japan: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 932."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kyrios,2018",
          "ref": "Kyrios, M., Ahern, C., Fassnacht, D. B., Nedeljkovic, M., Moulding, R., & Meyer, D. (2018). Therapist-Assisted Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Progressive Relaxation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(8), e242."
        },
        {
          "study": "Launes,2019",
          "ref": "Launes, G., Hagen, K., Sunde, T., Öst, L.-G., Klovning, I., Laukvik, I.-L., . . . Hansen, B. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of concentrated ERP, self-help and waiting list for obsessive-compulsive disorder: the Bergen 4-day treatment. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee,2023",
          "ref": "Li Z, Guo Z, Wang N, Xu Z, Qu Y, Wang X, et al. Cognitive – behavioural therapy for patients with schizophrenia : a multicentre randomized controlled trial in Beijing , China. Psychol Med. 2015;45:1893–905."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lindsay,1997",
          "ref": "Lindsay, M., Crino, R., & Andrews, G. (1997). Controlled trial of exposure and response prevention in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry, 171, 135-139."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mancebo,2021",
          "ref": "Mancebo, M. C., Yip, A. G., Boisseau, C. L., Rasmussen, S. A., & Zlotnick, C. (2021). Behavioral Therapy Teams for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Lessons Learned From a Pilot Randomized Trial in a Community Mental Health Center. Behav Ther, 52(5), 1296-1309."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathur,2021",
          "ref": "Mathur, S., Sharma, M. P., Balachander, S., Kandavel, T., & Reddy, Y. C. J. (2021). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy vs stress management training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 282, 58-68."
        },
        {
          "study": "Matsumoto,2022",
          "ref": "Matsumoto, K., Hamatani, S., Makino, T., Takahashi, J., Suzuki, F., Ida, T., . . . Omori, I. M. (2022). Guided internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A multicenter randomized controlled trial in Japan. Internet interventions, 28, 100515."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLean,2001",
          "ref": "McLean, P. D., Whittal, M. L., Thordarson, D. S., Taylor, S., Söchting, I., Koch, W. J., ... & Anderson, K. W. (2001). Cognitive versus behavior therapy in the group treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 69(2), 205."
        },
        {
          "study": "Moritz,2018",
          "ref": "Moritz S, Hauschildt M, Murray SC, Pedersen A, Krausz M, Jelinek L. New wine in an old bottle? Evaluation of myMCT as an integrative bibliotherapy for obsessive- compulsive disorder. J Obs Compuls Relat Disord 2018;16:88–97."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakatani,2005",
          "ref": "Nakatani, E., Nakagawa, A., Nakao, T., Yoshizato, C., Nabeyama, M., Kudo, A., ... & Kawamoto, M. (2005). A randomized controlled trial of Japanese patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder–effectiveness of behavior therapy and fluvoxamine. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 74(5), 269-276."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nan_Zhang,2023",
          "ref": "Zhang Nan. Observation on the effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Chinese Journal of Urban and Rural Enterprise Hygiene. 2023;38(5):89–91."
        },
        {
          "study": "Norman,2021",
          "ref": "Norman, L. J., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., Abelson, J. L., Himle, J. A., . . . Taylor, S. F. (2021). Treatment-Specific Associations Between Brain Activation and Symptom Reduction in OCD Following CBT: A Randomized fMRI Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 178(1), 39-47."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,1999",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,2006",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rupp,2019",
          "ref": "Rupp, C., Jürgens, C., Doebler, P., Andor, F., & Buhlmann, U. (2019). A randomized waitlist-controlled trial comparing detached mindfulness and cognitive restructuring in obsessive-compulsive disorder. PLoS One, 14(3), e0213895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell,2013",
          "ref": "Russell, A. J., Jassi, A., Fullana, M. A., Mack, H., Johnston, K., Heyman, I., . . . Mataix-Cols, D. (2013). Cognitive behavior therapy for comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder in high-functioning autism spectrum disorders: a randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 30(8), 697-708."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adol",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adul",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Twohig,2010",
          "ref": "Twohig, M. P., Hayes, S. C., Plumb, J. C., Pruitt, L. D., Collins, A. B., Hazlett-Stevens, H., & Woidneck, M. R. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy versus progressive relaxation training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 78(5), 705-716."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vogel,2014",
          "ref": "Vogel, P. A., Solem, S., Hagen, K., Moen, E. M., Launes, G., HÃ¥land, Ã…. T., . . . Himle, J. A. (2014). A pilot randomized controlled trial of videoconference-assisted treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 63, 162-168."
        },
        {
          "study": "Whittal,2010",
          "ref": "Whittal, M. L., Woody, S. R., McLean, P. D., Rachman, S. J., & Robichaud, M. (2010). Treatment of obsessions: a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 48(4), 295-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wootton,2013",
          "ref": "Wootton, B. M., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., Terides, M. D., & Titov, N. (2013). Remote treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2(4), 375-384."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu,2023",
          "ref": "Wu, Y., Li, X., Zhou, Y., Gao, R., Wang, K., Ye, H., ... & Fan, Q. (2023). Efficacy and cost-effectiveness analysis of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 25, e41283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zejuan_Fu,2016",
          "ref": "Fu Zejuan, Xie Hailing. Evaluation of the effects of cognitive-behavioral intervention therapy on improving the psychological state and quality of life in patients with obsessive- compulsive disorder. Journal of Practical Clinical Medicine. 2016;20(8):17–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang,2021",
          "ref": "Zhang, T., Lu, L., Didonna, F., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., & Fan, Q. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Unmedicated Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial With 6-Month Follow-Up. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12."
        },
        {
          "study": "van Balkom,1998",
          "ref": "van Balkom, A. J., de Haan, E., van Oppen, P., Spinhoven, P., Hoogduin, K. A., & van Dyck, R. (1998). Cognitive and behavioral therapies alone versus in combination with fluvoxamine in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 186(8), 492-499."
        }
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        {
          "study": "Anderson,2007",
          "ref": "Anderson, R. A., & Rees, C. S. (2007). Group versus individual cognitive-behavioural treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 45(1), 123-137."
        },
        {
          "study": "Foa,2005",
          "ref": "Foa, E. B., Liebowitz, M. R., Kozak, M. J., Davies, S., Campeas, R., Franklin, M. E., . . . Tu, X. (2005). Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of exposure and ritual prevention, clomipramine, and their combination in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 162(1), 151-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freeston,1997",
          "ref": "Freeston, M. H., Ladouceur, R., Gagnon, F., Thibodeau, N., Rhéaume, J., Letarte, H., & Bujold, A. (1997). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of obsessive thoughts: a controlled study. J Consult Clin Psychol, 65(3), 405-413."
        },
        {
          "study": "Greist,2002",
          "ref": "Greist, J. H., Marks, I. M., Baer, L., Kobak, K. A., Wenzel, K. W., Hirsch, M. J., . . . Clary, C. M. (2002). Behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder guided by a computer or by a clinician compared with relaxation as a control. J Clin Psychiatry, 63(2), 138-145."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jaurrieta,2008",
          "ref": "Jaurrieta N, Jiménez-Murcia S, Alonso P, Granero R, Segalàs C, Labad J, Menchón JM. Individual versus group cognitive behavioral treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: follow up. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008 Dec;62(6):697-704. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01873.x. PMID: 19068007."
        },
        {
          "study": "Katz,2023",
          "ref": "Katz, D. E., Rector, N. A., McCabe, R. E., Hawley, L. L., Rowa, K., Richter, M. A., ... & Laposa, J. M. (2023). The effect of aerobic exercise alone and in combination with cognitive behavioural therapy on obsessive compulsive disorder: A randomized control study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 98, 102746."
        },
        {
          "study": "Khodarahimi,2009",
          "ref": "Khodarahimi, S. (2009). Satiation therapy and exposure response prevention in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 39(3), 203-207."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kobayashi,2020",
          "ref": "Kobayashi, Y., Kanie, A., Nakagawa, A., Takebayashi, Y., Shinmei, I., Nakayama, N., . . . Mimura, M. (2020). An evaluation of family-based treatment for OCD in Japan: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 932."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lindsay,1997",
          "ref": "Lindsay, M., Crino, R., & Andrews, G. (1997). Controlled trial of exposure and response prevention in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry, 171, 135-139."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathur,2021",
          "ref": "Mathur, S., Sharma, M. P., Balachander, S., Kandavel, T., & Reddy, Y. C. J. (2021). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy vs stress management training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 282, 58-68."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nan_Zhang,2023",
          "ref": "Zhang Nan. Observation on the effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Chinese Journal of Urban and Rural Enterprise Hygiene. 2023;38(5):89–91."
        },
        {
          "study": "Norman,2021",
          "ref": "Norman, L. J., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., Abelson, J. L., Himle, J. A., . . . Taylor, S. F. (2021). Treatment-Specific Associations Between Brain Activation and Symptom Reduction in OCD Following CBT: A Randomized fMRI Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 178(1), 39-47."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,1999",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,2006",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rupp,2019",
          "ref": "Rupp, C., Jürgens, C., Doebler, P., Andor, F., & Buhlmann, U. (2019). A randomized waitlist-controlled trial comparing detached mindfulness and cognitive restructuring in obsessive-compulsive disorder. PLoS One, 14(3), e0213895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell,2013",
          "ref": "Russell, A. J., Jassi, A., Fullana, M. A., Mack, H., Johnston, K., Heyman, I., . . . Mataix-Cols, D. (2013). Cognitive behavior therapy for comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder in high-functioning autism spectrum disorders: a randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 30(8), 697-708."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adol",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adul",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Twohig,2010",
          "ref": "Twohig, M. P., Hayes, S. C., Plumb, J. C., Pruitt, L. D., Collins, A. B., Hazlett-Stevens, H., & Woidneck, M. R. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy versus progressive relaxation training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 78(5), 705-716."
        },
        {
          "study": "Whittal,2010",
          "ref": "Whittal, M. L., Woody, S. R., McLean, P. D., Rachman, S. J., & Robichaud, M. (2010). Treatment of obsessions: a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 48(4), 295-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "van Balkom,1998",
          "ref": "van Balkom, A. J., de Haan, E., van Oppen, P., Spinhoven, P., Hoogduin, K. A., & van Dyck, R. (1998). Cognitive and behavioral therapies alone versus in combination with fluvoxamine in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 186(8), 492-499."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "ybocs",
      "full": "Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Format",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Anderson,2007",
          "ref": "Anderson, R. A., & Rees, C. S. (2007). Group versus individual cognitive-behavioural treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 45(1), 123-137."
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson,2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, E., Enander, J., Andrén, P., Hedman, E., Ljótsson, B., Hursti, T., . . . Rück, C. (2012). Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med, 42(10), 2193-2203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Braga,2016",
          "ref": "Braga, D. T., Abramovitch, A., Fontenelle, L. F., Ferrão, Y. A., Gomes, J. B., Vivan, A. S., . . . Cordioli, A. V. (2016). Neuropsychological predictors of treatment response to cognitive behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety, 33(9), 848-861."
        },
        {
          "study": "Challacombe,2017",
          "ref": "Challacombe, F. L., Salkovskis, P. M., Woolgar, M., Wilkinson, E. L., Read, J., & Acheson, R. (2017). A pilot randomized controlled trial of time-intensive cognitive–behaviour therapy for postpartum obsessive–compulsive disorder: Effects on maternal symptoms, mother–infant interactions and attachment. Psychological Medicine, 47(8), 1478-1488."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cordioli,2003",
          "ref": "Cordioli, A. V., Heldt, E., Bochi, D. B., Margis, R., De Sousa, M. B., Tonello, J. F., . . . Kapczinski, F. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 72(4), 211-216."
        },
        {
          "study": "Foa,2005",
          "ref": "Foa, E. B., Liebowitz, M. R., Kozak, M. J., Davies, S., Campeas, R., Franklin, M. E., . . . Tu, X. (2005). Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of exposure and ritual prevention, clomipramine, and their combination in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 162(1), 151-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freeston,1997",
          "ref": "Freeston, M. H., Ladouceur, R., Gagnon, F., Thibodeau, N., Rhéaume, J., Letarte, H., & Bujold, A. (1997). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of obsessive thoughts: a controlled study. J Consult Clin Psychol, 65(3), 405-413."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gomes,2016",
          "ref": "Gomes, J. B., Cordioli, A. V., Bortoncello, C. F., Braga, D. T., Gonçalves, F., & Heldt, E. (2016). Impact of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder on family accommodation: A randomized clinical trial. Psychiatry Res, 246, 70-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Greist,2002",
          "ref": "Greist, J. H., Marks, I. M., Baer, L., Kobak, K. A., Wenzel, K. W., Hirsch, M. J., . . . Clary, C. M. (2002). Behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder guided by a computer or by a clinician compared with relaxation as a control. J Clin Psychiatry, 63(2), 138-145."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hauschildt,2016",
          "ref": "Hauschildt, M., Schröder, J., & Moritz, S. (2016). Randomized-controlled trial on a novel (meta-)cognitive self-help approach for obsessive-compulsive disorder (\"myMCT\"). Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 10, 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2016.04.010"
        },
        {
          "study": "Herbst,2014",
          "ref": "Herbst, N., Voderholzer, U., Thiel, N., Schaub, R., Knaevelsrud, C., Stracke, S., . . . Külz, A. K. (2014). No talking, just writing! Efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention in obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 83(3), 165-175."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jaurrieta,2008",
          "ref": "Jaurrieta N, Jiménez-Murcia S, Alonso P, Granero R, Segalàs C, Labad J, Menchón JM. Individual versus group cognitive behavioral treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: follow up. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008 Dec;62(6):697-704. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01873.x. PMID: 19068007."
        },
        {
          "study": "Katz,2023",
          "ref": "Katz, D. E., Rector, N. A., McCabe, R. E., Hawley, L. L., Rowa, K., Richter, M. A., ... & Laposa, J. M. (2023). The effect of aerobic exercise alone and in combination with cognitive behavioural therapy on obsessive compulsive disorder: A randomized control study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 98, 102746."
        },
        {
          "study": "Khodarahimi,2009",
          "ref": "Khodarahimi, S. (2009). Satiation therapy and exposure response prevention in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 39(3), 203-207."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kobayashi,2020",
          "ref": "Kobayashi, Y., Kanie, A., Nakagawa, A., Takebayashi, Y., Shinmei, I., Nakayama, N., . . . Mimura, M. (2020). An evaluation of family-based treatment for OCD in Japan: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 932."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kyrios,2018",
          "ref": "Kyrios, M., Ahern, C., Fassnacht, D. B., Nedeljkovic, M., Moulding, R., & Meyer, D. (2018). Therapist-Assisted Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Progressive Relaxation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(8), e242."
        },
        {
          "study": "Launes,2019",
          "ref": "Launes, G., Hagen, K., Sunde, T., Öst, L.-G., Klovning, I., Laukvik, I.-L., . . . Hansen, B. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of concentrated ERP, self-help and waiting list for obsessive-compulsive disorder: the Bergen 4-day treatment. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee,2023",
          "ref": "Li Z, Guo Z, Wang N, Xu Z, Qu Y, Wang X, et al. Cognitive – behavioural therapy for patients with schizophrenia : a multicentre randomized controlled trial in Beijing , China. Psychol Med. 2015;45:1893–905."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lindsay,1997",
          "ref": "Lindsay, M., Crino, R., & Andrews, G. (1997). Controlled trial of exposure and response prevention in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry, 171, 135-139."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mancebo,2021",
          "ref": "Mancebo, M. C., Yip, A. G., Boisseau, C. L., Rasmussen, S. A., & Zlotnick, C. (2021). Behavioral Therapy Teams for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Lessons Learned From a Pilot Randomized Trial in a Community Mental Health Center. Behav Ther, 52(5), 1296-1309."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathur,2021",
          "ref": "Mathur, S., Sharma, M. P., Balachander, S., Kandavel, T., & Reddy, Y. C. J. (2021). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy vs stress management training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 282, 58-68."
        },
        {
          "study": "Matsumoto,2022",
          "ref": "Matsumoto, K., Hamatani, S., Makino, T., Takahashi, J., Suzuki, F., Ida, T., . . . Omori, I. M. (2022). Guided internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A multicenter randomized controlled trial in Japan. Internet interventions, 28, 100515."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLean,2001",
          "ref": "McLean, P. D., Whittal, M. L., Thordarson, D. S., Taylor, S., Söchting, I., Koch, W. J., ... & Anderson, K. W. (2001). Cognitive versus behavior therapy in the group treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 69(2), 205."
        },
        {
          "study": "Moritz,2018",
          "ref": "Moritz S, Hauschildt M, Murray SC, Pedersen A, Krausz M, Jelinek L. New wine in an old bottle? Evaluation of myMCT as an integrative bibliotherapy for obsessive- compulsive disorder. J Obs Compuls Relat Disord 2018;16:88–97."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakatani,2005",
          "ref": "Nakatani, E., Nakagawa, A., Nakao, T., Yoshizato, C., Nabeyama, M., Kudo, A., ... & Kawamoto, M. (2005). A randomized controlled trial of Japanese patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder–effectiveness of behavior therapy and fluvoxamine. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 74(5), 269-276."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nan_Zhang,2023",
          "ref": "Zhang Nan. Observation on the effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Chinese Journal of Urban and Rural Enterprise Hygiene. 2023;38(5):89–91."
        },
        {
          "study": "Norman,2021",
          "ref": "Norman, L. J., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., Abelson, J. L., Himle, J. A., . . . Taylor, S. F. (2021). Treatment-Specific Associations Between Brain Activation and Symptom Reduction in OCD Following CBT: A Randomized fMRI Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 178(1), 39-47."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,1999",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,2006",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rupp,2019",
          "ref": "Rupp, C., Jürgens, C., Doebler, P., Andor, F., & Buhlmann, U. (2019). A randomized waitlist-controlled trial comparing detached mindfulness and cognitive restructuring in obsessive-compulsive disorder. PLoS One, 14(3), e0213895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell,2013",
          "ref": "Russell, A. J., Jassi, A., Fullana, M. A., Mack, H., Johnston, K., Heyman, I., . . . Mataix-Cols, D. (2013). Cognitive behavior therapy for comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder in high-functioning autism spectrum disorders: a randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 30(8), 697-708."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adol",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adul",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Twohig,2010",
          "ref": "Twohig, M. P., Hayes, S. C., Plumb, J. C., Pruitt, L. D., Collins, A. B., Hazlett-Stevens, H., & Woidneck, M. R. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy versus progressive relaxation training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 78(5), 705-716."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vogel,2014",
          "ref": "Vogel, P. A., Solem, S., Hagen, K., Moen, E. M., Launes, G., HÃ¥land, Ã…. T., . . . Himle, J. A. (2014). A pilot randomized controlled trial of videoconference-assisted treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 63, 162-168."
        },
        {
          "study": "Whittal,2010",
          "ref": "Whittal, M. L., Woody, S. R., McLean, P. D., Rachman, S. J., & Robichaud, M. (2010). Treatment of obsessions: a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 48(4), 295-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wootton,2013",
          "ref": "Wootton, B. M., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., Terides, M. D., & Titov, N. (2013). Remote treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2(4), 375-384."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu,2023",
          "ref": "Wu, Y., Li, X., Zhou, Y., Gao, R., Wang, K., Ye, H., ... & Fan, Q. (2023). Efficacy and cost-effectiveness analysis of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 25, e41283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zejuan_Fu,2016",
          "ref": "Fu Zejuan, Xie Hailing. Evaluation of the effects of cognitive-behavioral intervention therapy on improving the psychological state and quality of life in patients with obsessive- compulsive disorder. Journal of Practical Clinical Medicine. 2016;20(8):17–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang,2021",
          "ref": "Zhang, T., Lu, L., Didonna, F., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., & Fan, Q. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Unmedicated Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial With 6-Month Follow-Up. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12."
        },
        {
          "study": "van Balkom,1998",
          "ref": "van Balkom, A. J., de Haan, E., van Oppen, P., Spinhoven, P., Hoogduin, K. A., & van Dyck, R. (1998). Cognitive and behavioral therapies alone versus in combination with fluvoxamine in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 186(8), 492-499."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "ybocs",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Challacombe,2017",
          "ref": "Challacombe, F. L., Salkovskis, P. M., Woolgar, M., Wilkinson, E. L., Read, J., & Acheson, R. (2017). A pilot randomized controlled trial of time-intensive cognitive–behaviour therapy for postpartum obsessive–compulsive disorder: Effects on maternal symptoms, mother–infant interactions and attachment. Psychological Medicine, 47(8), 1478-1488."
        },
        {
          "study": "Greist,2002",
          "ref": "Greist, J. H., Marks, I. M., Baer, L., Kobak, K. A., Wenzel, K. W., Hirsch, M. J., . . . Clary, C. M. (2002). Behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder guided by a computer or by a clinician compared with relaxation as a control. J Clin Psychiatry, 63(2), 138-145."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hauschildt,2016",
          "ref": "Hauschildt, M., Schröder, J., & Moritz, S. (2016). Randomized-controlled trial on a novel (meta-)cognitive self-help approach for obsessive-compulsive disorder (\"myMCT\"). Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 10, 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2016.04.010"
        },
        {
          "study": "Launes,2019",
          "ref": "Launes, G., Hagen, K., Sunde, T., Öst, L.-G., Klovning, I., Laukvik, I.-L., . . . Hansen, B. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of concentrated ERP, self-help and waiting list for obsessive-compulsive disorder: the Bergen 4-day treatment. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mancebo,2021",
          "ref": "Mancebo, M. C., Yip, A. G., Boisseau, C. L., Rasmussen, S. A., & Zlotnick, C. (2021). Behavioral Therapy Teams for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Lessons Learned From a Pilot Randomized Trial in a Community Mental Health Center. Behav Ther, 52(5), 1296-1309."
        },
        {
          "study": "Moritz,2018",
          "ref": "Moritz S, Hauschildt M, Murray SC, Pedersen A, Krausz M, Jelinek L. New wine in an old bottle? Evaluation of myMCT as an integrative bibliotherapy for obsessive- compulsive disorder. J Obs Compuls Relat Disord 2018;16:88–97."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakatani,2005",
          "ref": "Nakatani, E., Nakagawa, A., Nakao, T., Yoshizato, C., Nabeyama, M., Kudo, A., ... & Kawamoto, M. (2005). A randomized controlled trial of Japanese patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder–effectiveness of behavior therapy and fluvoxamine. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 74(5), 269-276."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vogel,2014",
          "ref": "Vogel, P. A., Solem, S., Hagen, K., Moen, E. M., Launes, G., HÃ¥land, Ã…. T., . . . Himle, J. A. (2014). A pilot randomized controlled trial of videoconference-assisted treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 63, 162-168."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zejuan_Fu,2016",
          "ref": "Fu Zejuan, Xie Hailing. Evaluation of the effects of cognitive-behavioral intervention therapy on improving the psychological state and quality of life in patients with obsessive- compulsive disorder. Journal of Practical Clinical Medicine. 2016;20(8):17–20."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "ybocs",
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      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Format",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Anderson,2007",
          "ref": "Anderson, R. A., & Rees, C. S. (2007). Group versus individual cognitive-behavioural treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 45(1), 123-137."
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson,2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, E., Enander, J., Andrén, P., Hedman, E., Ljótsson, B., Hursti, T., . . . Rück, C. (2012). Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med, 42(10), 2193-2203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Braga,2016",
          "ref": "Braga, D. T., Abramovitch, A., Fontenelle, L. F., Ferrão, Y. A., Gomes, J. B., Vivan, A. S., . . . Cordioli, A. V. (2016). Neuropsychological predictors of treatment response to cognitive behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety, 33(9), 848-861."
        },
        {
          "study": "Challacombe,2017",
          "ref": "Challacombe, F. L., Salkovskis, P. M., Woolgar, M., Wilkinson, E. L., Read, J., & Acheson, R. (2017). A pilot randomized controlled trial of time-intensive cognitive–behaviour therapy for postpartum obsessive–compulsive disorder: Effects on maternal symptoms, mother–infant interactions and attachment. Psychological Medicine, 47(8), 1478-1488."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cordioli,2003",
          "ref": "Cordioli, A. V., Heldt, E., Bochi, D. B., Margis, R., De Sousa, M. B., Tonello, J. F., . . . Kapczinski, F. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 72(4), 211-216."
        },
        {
          "study": "Foa,2005",
          "ref": "Foa, E. B., Liebowitz, M. R., Kozak, M. J., Davies, S., Campeas, R., Franklin, M. E., . . . Tu, X. (2005). Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of exposure and ritual prevention, clomipramine, and their combination in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 162(1), 151-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freeston,1997",
          "ref": "Freeston, M. H., Ladouceur, R., Gagnon, F., Thibodeau, N., Rhéaume, J., Letarte, H., & Bujold, A. (1997). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of obsessive thoughts: a controlled study. J Consult Clin Psychol, 65(3), 405-413."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gomes,2016",
          "ref": "Gomes, J. B., Cordioli, A. V., Bortoncello, C. F., Braga, D. T., Gonçalves, F., & Heldt, E. (2016). Impact of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder on family accommodation: A randomized clinical trial. Psychiatry Res, 246, 70-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Greist,2002",
          "ref": "Greist, J. H., Marks, I. M., Baer, L., Kobak, K. A., Wenzel, K. W., Hirsch, M. J., . . . Clary, C. M. (2002). Behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder guided by a computer or by a clinician compared with relaxation as a control. J Clin Psychiatry, 63(2), 138-145."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hauschildt,2016",
          "ref": "Hauschildt, M., Schröder, J., & Moritz, S. (2016). Randomized-controlled trial on a novel (meta-)cognitive self-help approach for obsessive-compulsive disorder (\"myMCT\"). Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 10, 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2016.04.010"
        },
        {
          "study": "Herbst,2014",
          "ref": "Herbst, N., Voderholzer, U., Thiel, N., Schaub, R., Knaevelsrud, C., Stracke, S., . . . Külz, A. K. (2014). No talking, just writing! Efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention in obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 83(3), 165-175."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jaurrieta,2008",
          "ref": "Jaurrieta N, Jiménez-Murcia S, Alonso P, Granero R, Segalàs C, Labad J, Menchón JM. Individual versus group cognitive behavioral treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: follow up. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008 Dec;62(6):697-704. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01873.x. PMID: 19068007."
        },
        {
          "study": "Katz,2023",
          "ref": "Katz, D. E., Rector, N. A., McCabe, R. E., Hawley, L. L., Rowa, K., Richter, M. A., ... & Laposa, J. M. (2023). The effect of aerobic exercise alone and in combination with cognitive behavioural therapy on obsessive compulsive disorder: A randomized control study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 98, 102746."
        },
        {
          "study": "Khodarahimi,2009",
          "ref": "Khodarahimi, S. (2009). Satiation therapy and exposure response prevention in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 39(3), 203-207."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kobayashi,2020",
          "ref": "Kobayashi, Y., Kanie, A., Nakagawa, A., Takebayashi, Y., Shinmei, I., Nakayama, N., . . . Mimura, M. (2020). An evaluation of family-based treatment for OCD in Japan: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 932."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kyrios,2018",
          "ref": "Kyrios, M., Ahern, C., Fassnacht, D. B., Nedeljkovic, M., Moulding, R., & Meyer, D. (2018). Therapist-Assisted Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Progressive Relaxation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(8), e242."
        },
        {
          "study": "Launes,2019",
          "ref": "Launes, G., Hagen, K., Sunde, T., Öst, L.-G., Klovning, I., Laukvik, I.-L., . . . Hansen, B. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of concentrated ERP, self-help and waiting list for obsessive-compulsive disorder: the Bergen 4-day treatment. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee,2023",
          "ref": "Li Z, Guo Z, Wang N, Xu Z, Qu Y, Wang X, et al. Cognitive – behavioural therapy for patients with schizophrenia : a multicentre randomized controlled trial in Beijing , China. Psychol Med. 2015;45:1893–905."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lindsay,1997",
          "ref": "Lindsay, M., Crino, R., & Andrews, G. (1997). Controlled trial of exposure and response prevention in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry, 171, 135-139."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mancebo,2021",
          "ref": "Mancebo, M. C., Yip, A. G., Boisseau, C. L., Rasmussen, S. A., & Zlotnick, C. (2021). Behavioral Therapy Teams for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Lessons Learned From a Pilot Randomized Trial in a Community Mental Health Center. Behav Ther, 52(5), 1296-1309."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathur,2021",
          "ref": "Mathur, S., Sharma, M. P., Balachander, S., Kandavel, T., & Reddy, Y. C. J. (2021). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy vs stress management training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 282, 58-68."
        },
        {
          "study": "Matsumoto,2022",
          "ref": "Matsumoto, K., Hamatani, S., Makino, T., Takahashi, J., Suzuki, F., Ida, T., . . . Omori, I. M. (2022). Guided internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A multicenter randomized controlled trial in Japan. Internet interventions, 28, 100515."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLean,2001",
          "ref": "McLean, P. D., Whittal, M. L., Thordarson, D. S., Taylor, S., Söchting, I., Koch, W. J., ... & Anderson, K. W. (2001). Cognitive versus behavior therapy in the group treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 69(2), 205."
        },
        {
          "study": "Moritz,2018",
          "ref": "Moritz S, Hauschildt M, Murray SC, Pedersen A, Krausz M, Jelinek L. New wine in an old bottle? Evaluation of myMCT as an integrative bibliotherapy for obsessive- compulsive disorder. J Obs Compuls Relat Disord 2018;16:88–97."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakatani,2005",
          "ref": "Nakatani, E., Nakagawa, A., Nakao, T., Yoshizato, C., Nabeyama, M., Kudo, A., ... & Kawamoto, M. (2005). A randomized controlled trial of Japanese patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder–effectiveness of behavior therapy and fluvoxamine. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 74(5), 269-276."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nan_Zhang,2023",
          "ref": "Zhang Nan. Observation on the effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Chinese Journal of Urban and Rural Enterprise Hygiene. 2023;38(5):89–91."
        },
        {
          "study": "Norman,2021",
          "ref": "Norman, L. J., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., Abelson, J. L., Himle, J. A., . . . Taylor, S. F. (2021). Treatment-Specific Associations Between Brain Activation and Symptom Reduction in OCD Following CBT: A Randomized fMRI Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 178(1), 39-47."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,1999",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,2006",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rupp,2019",
          "ref": "Rupp, C., Jürgens, C., Doebler, P., Andor, F., & Buhlmann, U. (2019). A randomized waitlist-controlled trial comparing detached mindfulness and cognitive restructuring in obsessive-compulsive disorder. PLoS One, 14(3), e0213895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell,2013",
          "ref": "Russell, A. J., Jassi, A., Fullana, M. A., Mack, H., Johnston, K., Heyman, I., . . . Mataix-Cols, D. (2013). Cognitive behavior therapy for comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder in high-functioning autism spectrum disorders: a randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 30(8), 697-708."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adol",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adul",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Twohig,2010",
          "ref": "Twohig, M. P., Hayes, S. C., Plumb, J. C., Pruitt, L. D., Collins, A. B., Hazlett-Stevens, H., & Woidneck, M. R. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy versus progressive relaxation training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 78(5), 705-716."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vogel,2014",
          "ref": "Vogel, P. A., Solem, S., Hagen, K., Moen, E. M., Launes, G., HÃ¥land, Ã…. T., . . . Himle, J. A. (2014). A pilot randomized controlled trial of videoconference-assisted treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 63, 162-168."
        },
        {
          "study": "Whittal,2010",
          "ref": "Whittal, M. L., Woody, S. R., McLean, P. D., Rachman, S. J., & Robichaud, M. (2010). Treatment of obsessions: a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 48(4), 295-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wootton,2013",
          "ref": "Wootton, B. M., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., Terides, M. D., & Titov, N. (2013). Remote treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2(4), 375-384."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu,2023",
          "ref": "Wu, Y., Li, X., Zhou, Y., Gao, R., Wang, K., Ye, H., ... & Fan, Q. (2023). Efficacy and cost-effectiveness analysis of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 25, e41283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zejuan_Fu,2016",
          "ref": "Fu Zejuan, Xie Hailing. Evaluation of the effects of cognitive-behavioral intervention therapy on improving the psychological state and quality of life in patients with obsessive- compulsive disorder. Journal of Practical Clinical Medicine. 2016;20(8):17–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang,2021",
          "ref": "Zhang, T., Lu, L., Didonna, F., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., & Fan, Q. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Unmedicated Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial With 6-Month Follow-Up. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12."
        },
        {
          "study": "van Balkom,1998",
          "ref": "van Balkom, A. J., de Haan, E., van Oppen, P., Spinhoven, P., Hoogduin, K. A., & van Dyck, R. (1998). Cognitive and behavioral therapies alone versus in combination with fluvoxamine in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 186(8), 492-499."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Rating",
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      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
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      "k_es": 44,
      "sd": 6.209,
      "lo": 5.539,
      "hi": 6.961,
      "tau2": 0.1062,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.245,
      "phi": 11.879,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Anderson,2007",
          "ref": "Anderson, R. A., & Rees, C. S. (2007). Group versus individual cognitive-behavioural treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 45(1), 123-137."
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson,2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, E., Enander, J., Andrén, P., Hedman, E., Ljótsson, B., Hursti, T., . . . Rück, C. (2012). Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med, 42(10), 2193-2203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Braga,2016",
          "ref": "Braga, D. T., Abramovitch, A., Fontenelle, L. F., Ferrão, Y. A., Gomes, J. B., Vivan, A. S., . . . Cordioli, A. V. (2016). Neuropsychological predictors of treatment response to cognitive behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety, 33(9), 848-861."
        },
        {
          "study": "Challacombe,2017",
          "ref": "Challacombe, F. L., Salkovskis, P. M., Woolgar, M., Wilkinson, E. L., Read, J., & Acheson, R. (2017). A pilot randomized controlled trial of time-intensive cognitive–behaviour therapy for postpartum obsessive–compulsive disorder: Effects on maternal symptoms, mother–infant interactions and attachment. Psychological Medicine, 47(8), 1478-1488."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cordioli,2003",
          "ref": "Cordioli, A. V., Heldt, E., Bochi, D. B., Margis, R., De Sousa, M. B., Tonello, J. F., . . . Kapczinski, F. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 72(4), 211-216."
        },
        {
          "study": "Foa,2005",
          "ref": "Foa, E. B., Liebowitz, M. R., Kozak, M. J., Davies, S., Campeas, R., Franklin, M. E., . . . Tu, X. (2005). Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of exposure and ritual prevention, clomipramine, and their combination in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 162(1), 151-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freeston,1997",
          "ref": "Freeston, M. H., Ladouceur, R., Gagnon, F., Thibodeau, N., Rhéaume, J., Letarte, H., & Bujold, A. (1997). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of obsessive thoughts: a controlled study. J Consult Clin Psychol, 65(3), 405-413."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gomes,2016",
          "ref": "Gomes, J. B., Cordioli, A. V., Bortoncello, C. F., Braga, D. T., Gonçalves, F., & Heldt, E. (2016). Impact of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder on family accommodation: A randomized clinical trial. Psychiatry Res, 246, 70-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hauschildt,2016",
          "ref": "Hauschildt, M., Schröder, J., & Moritz, S. (2016). Randomized-controlled trial on a novel (meta-)cognitive self-help approach for obsessive-compulsive disorder (\"myMCT\"). Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 10, 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2016.04.010"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jaurrieta,2008",
          "ref": "Jaurrieta N, Jiménez-Murcia S, Alonso P, Granero R, Segalàs C, Labad J, Menchón JM. Individual versus group cognitive behavioral treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: follow up. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008 Dec;62(6):697-704. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01873.x. PMID: 19068007."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kobayashi,2020",
          "ref": "Kobayashi, Y., Kanie, A., Nakagawa, A., Takebayashi, Y., Shinmei, I., Nakayama, N., . . . Mimura, M. (2020). An evaluation of family-based treatment for OCD in Japan: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 932."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kyrios,2018",
          "ref": "Kyrios, M., Ahern, C., Fassnacht, D. B., Nedeljkovic, M., Moulding, R., & Meyer, D. (2018). Therapist-Assisted Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Progressive Relaxation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(8), e242."
        },
        {
          "study": "Launes,2019",
          "ref": "Launes, G., Hagen, K., Sunde, T., Öst, L.-G., Klovning, I., Laukvik, I.-L., . . . Hansen, B. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of concentrated ERP, self-help and waiting list for obsessive-compulsive disorder: the Bergen 4-day treatment. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lindsay,1997",
          "ref": "Lindsay, M., Crino, R., & Andrews, G. (1997). Controlled trial of exposure and response prevention in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry, 171, 135-139."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mancebo,2021",
          "ref": "Mancebo, M. C., Yip, A. G., Boisseau, C. L., Rasmussen, S. A., & Zlotnick, C. (2021). Behavioral Therapy Teams for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Lessons Learned From a Pilot Randomized Trial in a Community Mental Health Center. Behav Ther, 52(5), 1296-1309."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathur,2021",
          "ref": "Mathur, S., Sharma, M. P., Balachander, S., Kandavel, T., & Reddy, Y. C. J. (2021). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy vs stress management training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 282, 58-68."
        },
        {
          "study": "Matsumoto,2022",
          "ref": "Matsumoto, K., Hamatani, S., Makino, T., Takahashi, J., Suzuki, F., Ida, T., . . . Omori, I. M. (2022). Guided internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A multicenter randomized controlled trial in Japan. Internet interventions, 28, 100515."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLean,2001",
          "ref": "McLean, P. D., Whittal, M. L., Thordarson, D. S., Taylor, S., Söchting, I., Koch, W. J., ... & Anderson, K. W. (2001). Cognitive versus behavior therapy in the group treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 69(2), 205."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakatani,2005",
          "ref": "Nakatani, E., Nakagawa, A., Nakao, T., Yoshizato, C., Nabeyama, M., Kudo, A., ... & Kawamoto, M. (2005). A randomized controlled trial of Japanese patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder–effectiveness of behavior therapy and fluvoxamine. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 74(5), 269-276."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nan_Zhang,2023",
          "ref": "Zhang Nan. Observation on the effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Chinese Journal of Urban and Rural Enterprise Hygiene. 2023;38(5):89–91."
        },
        {
          "study": "Norman,2021",
          "ref": "Norman, L. J., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., Abelson, J. L., Himle, J. A., . . . Taylor, S. F. (2021). Treatment-Specific Associations Between Brain Activation and Symptom Reduction in OCD Following CBT: A Randomized fMRI Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 178(1), 39-47."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,1999",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,2006",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rupp,2019",
          "ref": "Rupp, C., Jürgens, C., Doebler, P., Andor, F., & Buhlmann, U. (2019). A randomized waitlist-controlled trial comparing detached mindfulness and cognitive restructuring in obsessive-compulsive disorder. PLoS One, 14(3), e0213895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell,2013",
          "ref": "Russell, A. J., Jassi, A., Fullana, M. A., Mack, H., Johnston, K., Heyman, I., . . . Mataix-Cols, D. (2013). Cognitive behavior therapy for comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder in high-functioning autism spectrum disorders: a randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 30(8), 697-708."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adol",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adul",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Twohig,2010",
          "ref": "Twohig, M. P., Hayes, S. C., Plumb, J. C., Pruitt, L. D., Collins, A. B., Hazlett-Stevens, H., & Woidneck, M. R. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy versus progressive relaxation training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 78(5), 705-716."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vogel,2014",
          "ref": "Vogel, P. A., Solem, S., Hagen, K., Moen, E. M., Launes, G., HÃ¥land, Ã…. T., . . . Himle, J. A. (2014). A pilot randomized controlled trial of videoconference-assisted treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 63, 162-168."
        },
        {
          "study": "Whittal,2010",
          "ref": "Whittal, M. L., Woody, S. R., McLean, P. D., Rachman, S. J., & Robichaud, M. (2010). Treatment of obsessions: a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 48(4), 295-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wootton,2013",
          "ref": "Wootton, B. M., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., Terides, M. D., & Titov, N. (2013). Remote treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2(4), 375-384."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu,2023",
          "ref": "Wu, Y., Li, X., Zhou, Y., Gao, R., Wang, K., Ye, H., ... & Fan, Q. (2023). Efficacy and cost-effectiveness analysis of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 25, e41283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zejuan_Fu,2016",
          "ref": "Fu Zejuan, Xie Hailing. Evaluation of the effects of cognitive-behavioral intervention therapy on improving the psychological state and quality of life in patients with obsessive- compulsive disorder. Journal of Practical Clinical Medicine. 2016;20(8):17–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang,2021",
          "ref": "Zhang, T., Lu, L., Didonna, F., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., & Fan, Q. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Unmedicated Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial With 6-Month Follow-Up. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12."
        },
        {
          "study": "van Balkom,1998",
          "ref": "van Balkom, A. J., de Haan, E., van Oppen, P., Spinhoven, P., Hoogduin, K. A., & van Dyck, R. (1998). Cognitive and behavioral therapies alone versus in combination with fluvoxamine in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 186(8), 492-499."
        }
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Anderson,2007",
          "ref": "Anderson, R. A., & Rees, C. S. (2007). Group versus individual cognitive-behavioural treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 45(1), 123-137."
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson,2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, E., Enander, J., Andrén, P., Hedman, E., Ljótsson, B., Hursti, T., . . . Rück, C. (2012). Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med, 42(10), 2193-2203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Braga,2016",
          "ref": "Braga, D. T., Abramovitch, A., Fontenelle, L. F., Ferrão, Y. A., Gomes, J. B., Vivan, A. S., . . . Cordioli, A. V. (2016). Neuropsychological predictors of treatment response to cognitive behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety, 33(9), 848-861."
        },
        {
          "study": "Challacombe,2017",
          "ref": "Challacombe, F. L., Salkovskis, P. M., Woolgar, M., Wilkinson, E. L., Read, J., & Acheson, R. (2017). A pilot randomized controlled trial of time-intensive cognitive–behaviour therapy for postpartum obsessive–compulsive disorder: Effects on maternal symptoms, mother–infant interactions and attachment. Psychological Medicine, 47(8), 1478-1488."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cordioli,2003",
          "ref": "Cordioli, A. V., Heldt, E., Bochi, D. B., Margis, R., De Sousa, M. B., Tonello, J. F., . . . Kapczinski, F. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 72(4), 211-216."
        },
        {
          "study": "Foa,2005",
          "ref": "Foa, E. B., Liebowitz, M. R., Kozak, M. J., Davies, S., Campeas, R., Franklin, M. E., . . . Tu, X. (2005). Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of exposure and ritual prevention, clomipramine, and their combination in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 162(1), 151-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freeston,1997",
          "ref": "Freeston, M. H., Ladouceur, R., Gagnon, F., Thibodeau, N., Rhéaume, J., Letarte, H., & Bujold, A. (1997). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of obsessive thoughts: a controlled study. J Consult Clin Psychol, 65(3), 405-413."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gomes,2016",
          "ref": "Gomes, J. B., Cordioli, A. V., Bortoncello, C. F., Braga, D. T., Gonçalves, F., & Heldt, E. (2016). Impact of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder on family accommodation: A randomized clinical trial. Psychiatry Res, 246, 70-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Greist,2002",
          "ref": "Greist, J. H., Marks, I. M., Baer, L., Kobak, K. A., Wenzel, K. W., Hirsch, M. J., . . . Clary, C. M. (2002). Behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder guided by a computer or by a clinician compared with relaxation as a control. J Clin Psychiatry, 63(2), 138-145."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hauschildt,2016",
          "ref": "Hauschildt, M., Schröder, J., & Moritz, S. (2016). Randomized-controlled trial on a novel (meta-)cognitive self-help approach for obsessive-compulsive disorder (\"myMCT\"). Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 10, 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2016.04.010"
        },
        {
          "study": "Herbst,2014",
          "ref": "Herbst, N., Voderholzer, U., Thiel, N., Schaub, R., Knaevelsrud, C., Stracke, S., . . . Külz, A. K. (2014). No talking, just writing! Efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention in obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 83(3), 165-175."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jaurrieta,2008",
          "ref": "Jaurrieta N, Jiménez-Murcia S, Alonso P, Granero R, Segalàs C, Labad J, Menchón JM. Individual versus group cognitive behavioral treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: follow up. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008 Dec;62(6):697-704. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01873.x. PMID: 19068007."
        },
        {
          "study": "Katz,2023",
          "ref": "Katz, D. E., Rector, N. A., McCabe, R. E., Hawley, L. L., Rowa, K., Richter, M. A., ... & Laposa, J. M. (2023). The effect of aerobic exercise alone and in combination with cognitive behavioural therapy on obsessive compulsive disorder: A randomized control study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 98, 102746."
        },
        {
          "study": "Khodarahimi,2009",
          "ref": "Khodarahimi, S. (2009). Satiation therapy and exposure response prevention in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 39(3), 203-207."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kobayashi,2020",
          "ref": "Kobayashi, Y., Kanie, A., Nakagawa, A., Takebayashi, Y., Shinmei, I., Nakayama, N., . . . Mimura, M. (2020). An evaluation of family-based treatment for OCD in Japan: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 932."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kyrios,2018",
          "ref": "Kyrios, M., Ahern, C., Fassnacht, D. B., Nedeljkovic, M., Moulding, R., & Meyer, D. (2018). Therapist-Assisted Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Progressive Relaxation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(8), e242."
        },
        {
          "study": "Launes,2019",
          "ref": "Launes, G., Hagen, K., Sunde, T., Öst, L.-G., Klovning, I., Laukvik, I.-L., . . . Hansen, B. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of concentrated ERP, self-help and waiting list for obsessive-compulsive disorder: the Bergen 4-day treatment. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee,2023",
          "ref": "Li Z, Guo Z, Wang N, Xu Z, Qu Y, Wang X, et al. Cognitive – behavioural therapy for patients with schizophrenia : a multicentre randomized controlled trial in Beijing , China. Psychol Med. 2015;45:1893–905."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lindsay,1997",
          "ref": "Lindsay, M., Crino, R., & Andrews, G. (1997). Controlled trial of exposure and response prevention in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry, 171, 135-139."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mancebo,2021",
          "ref": "Mancebo, M. C., Yip, A. G., Boisseau, C. L., Rasmussen, S. A., & Zlotnick, C. (2021). Behavioral Therapy Teams for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Lessons Learned From a Pilot Randomized Trial in a Community Mental Health Center. Behav Ther, 52(5), 1296-1309."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathur,2021",
          "ref": "Mathur, S., Sharma, M. P., Balachander, S., Kandavel, T., & Reddy, Y. C. J. (2021). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy vs stress management training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 282, 58-68."
        },
        {
          "study": "Matsumoto,2022",
          "ref": "Matsumoto, K., Hamatani, S., Makino, T., Takahashi, J., Suzuki, F., Ida, T., . . . Omori, I. M. (2022). Guided internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A multicenter randomized controlled trial in Japan. Internet interventions, 28, 100515."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLean,2001",
          "ref": "McLean, P. D., Whittal, M. L., Thordarson, D. S., Taylor, S., Söchting, I., Koch, W. J., ... & Anderson, K. W. (2001). Cognitive versus behavior therapy in the group treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 69(2), 205."
        },
        {
          "study": "Moritz,2018",
          "ref": "Moritz S, Hauschildt M, Murray SC, Pedersen A, Krausz M, Jelinek L. New wine in an old bottle? Evaluation of myMCT as an integrative bibliotherapy for obsessive- compulsive disorder. J Obs Compuls Relat Disord 2018;16:88–97."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakatani,2005",
          "ref": "Nakatani, E., Nakagawa, A., Nakao, T., Yoshizato, C., Nabeyama, M., Kudo, A., ... & Kawamoto, M. (2005). A randomized controlled trial of Japanese patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder–effectiveness of behavior therapy and fluvoxamine. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 74(5), 269-276."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nan_Zhang,2023",
          "ref": "Zhang Nan. Observation on the effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Chinese Journal of Urban and Rural Enterprise Hygiene. 2023;38(5):89–91."
        },
        {
          "study": "Norman,2021",
          "ref": "Norman, L. J., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., Abelson, J. L., Himle, J. A., . . . Taylor, S. F. (2021). Treatment-Specific Associations Between Brain Activation and Symptom Reduction in OCD Following CBT: A Randomized fMRI Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 178(1), 39-47."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,1999",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,2006",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rupp,2019",
          "ref": "Rupp, C., Jürgens, C., Doebler, P., Andor, F., & Buhlmann, U. (2019). A randomized waitlist-controlled trial comparing detached mindfulness and cognitive restructuring in obsessive-compulsive disorder. PLoS One, 14(3), e0213895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell,2013",
          "ref": "Russell, A. J., Jassi, A., Fullana, M. A., Mack, H., Johnston, K., Heyman, I., . . . Mataix-Cols, D. (2013). Cognitive behavior therapy for comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder in high-functioning autism spectrum disorders: a randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 30(8), 697-708."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adol",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adul",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Twohig,2010",
          "ref": "Twohig, M. P., Hayes, S. C., Plumb, J. C., Pruitt, L. D., Collins, A. B., Hazlett-Stevens, H., & Woidneck, M. R. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy versus progressive relaxation training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 78(5), 705-716."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vogel,2014",
          "ref": "Vogel, P. A., Solem, S., Hagen, K., Moen, E. M., Launes, G., HÃ¥land, Ã…. T., . . . Himle, J. A. (2014). A pilot randomized controlled trial of videoconference-assisted treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 63, 162-168."
        },
        {
          "study": "Whittal,2010",
          "ref": "Whittal, M. L., Woody, S. R., McLean, P. D., Rachman, S. J., & Robichaud, M. (2010). Treatment of obsessions: a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 48(4), 295-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wootton,2013",
          "ref": "Wootton, B. M., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., Terides, M. D., & Titov, N. (2013). Remote treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2(4), 375-384."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu,2023",
          "ref": "Wu, Y., Li, X., Zhou, Y., Gao, R., Wang, K., Ye, H., ... & Fan, Q. (2023). Efficacy and cost-effectiveness analysis of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 25, e41283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zejuan_Fu,2016",
          "ref": "Fu Zejuan, Xie Hailing. Evaluation of the effects of cognitive-behavioral intervention therapy on improving the psychological state and quality of life in patients with obsessive- compulsive disorder. Journal of Practical Clinical Medicine. 2016;20(8):17–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang,2021",
          "ref": "Zhang, T., Lu, L., Didonna, F., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., & Fan, Q. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Unmedicated Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial With 6-Month Follow-Up. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12."
        },
        {
          "study": "van Balkom,1998",
          "ref": "van Balkom, A. J., de Haan, E., van Oppen, P., Spinhoven, P., Hoogduin, K. A., & van Dyck, R. (1998). Cognitive and behavioral therapies alone versus in combination with fluvoxamine in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 186(8), 492-499."
        }
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        {
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          "ref": "Greist, J. H., Marks, I. M., Baer, L., Kobak, K. A., Wenzel, K. W., Hirsch, M. J., . . . Clary, C. M. (2002). Behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder guided by a computer or by a clinician compared with relaxation as a control. J Clin Psychiatry, 63(2), 138-145."
        },
        {
          "study": "Herbst,2014",
          "ref": "Herbst, N., Voderholzer, U., Thiel, N., Schaub, R., Knaevelsrud, C., Stracke, S., . . . Külz, A. K. (2014). No talking, just writing! Efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention in obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 83(3), 165-175."
        },
        {
          "study": "Katz,2023",
          "ref": "Katz, D. E., Rector, N. A., McCabe, R. E., Hawley, L. L., Rowa, K., Richter, M. A., ... & Laposa, J. M. (2023). The effect of aerobic exercise alone and in combination with cognitive behavioural therapy on obsessive compulsive disorder: A randomized control study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 98, 102746."
        },
        {
          "study": "Khodarahimi,2009",
          "ref": "Khodarahimi, S. (2009). Satiation therapy and exposure response prevention in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 39(3), 203-207."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee,2023",
          "ref": "Li Z, Guo Z, Wang N, Xu Z, Qu Y, Wang X, et al. Cognitive – behavioural therapy for patients with schizophrenia : a multicentre randomized controlled trial in Beijing , China. Psychol Med. 2015;45:1893–905."
        },
        {
          "study": "Moritz,2018",
          "ref": "Moritz S, Hauschildt M, Murray SC, Pedersen A, Krausz M, Jelinek L. New wine in an old bottle? Evaluation of myMCT as an integrative bibliotherapy for obsessive- compulsive disorder. J Obs Compuls Relat Disord 2018;16:88–97."
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        {
          "study": "Anderson,2007",
          "ref": "Anderson, R. A., & Rees, C. S. (2007). Group versus individual cognitive-behavioural treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 45(1), 123-137."
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson,2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, E., Enander, J., Andrén, P., Hedman, E., Ljótsson, B., Hursti, T., . . . Rück, C. (2012). Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med, 42(10), 2193-2203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Braga,2016",
          "ref": "Braga, D. T., Abramovitch, A., Fontenelle, L. F., Ferrão, Y. A., Gomes, J. B., Vivan, A. S., . . . Cordioli, A. V. (2016). Neuropsychological predictors of treatment response to cognitive behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety, 33(9), 848-861."
        },
        {
          "study": "Challacombe,2017",
          "ref": "Challacombe, F. L., Salkovskis, P. M., Woolgar, M., Wilkinson, E. L., Read, J., & Acheson, R. (2017). A pilot randomized controlled trial of time-intensive cognitive–behaviour therapy for postpartum obsessive–compulsive disorder: Effects on maternal symptoms, mother–infant interactions and attachment. Psychological Medicine, 47(8), 1478-1488."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cordioli,2003",
          "ref": "Cordioli, A. V., Heldt, E., Bochi, D. B., Margis, R., De Sousa, M. B., Tonello, J. F., . . . Kapczinski, F. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 72(4), 211-216."
        },
        {
          "study": "Foa,2005",
          "ref": "Foa, E. B., Liebowitz, M. R., Kozak, M. J., Davies, S., Campeas, R., Franklin, M. E., . . . Tu, X. (2005). Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of exposure and ritual prevention, clomipramine, and their combination in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 162(1), 151-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freeston,1997",
          "ref": "Freeston, M. H., Ladouceur, R., Gagnon, F., Thibodeau, N., Rhéaume, J., Letarte, H., & Bujold, A. (1997). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of obsessive thoughts: a controlled study. J Consult Clin Psychol, 65(3), 405-413."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gomes,2016",
          "ref": "Gomes, J. B., Cordioli, A. V., Bortoncello, C. F., Braga, D. T., Gonçalves, F., & Heldt, E. (2016). Impact of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder on family accommodation: A randomized clinical trial. Psychiatry Res, 246, 70-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Greist,2002",
          "ref": "Greist, J. H., Marks, I. M., Baer, L., Kobak, K. A., Wenzel, K. W., Hirsch, M. J., . . . Clary, C. M. (2002). Behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder guided by a computer or by a clinician compared with relaxation as a control. J Clin Psychiatry, 63(2), 138-145."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hauschildt,2016",
          "ref": "Hauschildt, M., Schröder, J., & Moritz, S. (2016). Randomized-controlled trial on a novel (meta-)cognitive self-help approach for obsessive-compulsive disorder (\"myMCT\"). Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 10, 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2016.04.010"
        },
        {
          "study": "Herbst,2014",
          "ref": "Herbst, N., Voderholzer, U., Thiel, N., Schaub, R., Knaevelsrud, C., Stracke, S., . . . Külz, A. K. (2014). No talking, just writing! Efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention in obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 83(3), 165-175."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jaurrieta,2008",
          "ref": "Jaurrieta N, Jiménez-Murcia S, Alonso P, Granero R, Segalàs C, Labad J, Menchón JM. Individual versus group cognitive behavioral treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: follow up. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008 Dec;62(6):697-704. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01873.x. PMID: 19068007."
        },
        {
          "study": "Katz,2023",
          "ref": "Katz, D. E., Rector, N. A., McCabe, R. E., Hawley, L. L., Rowa, K., Richter, M. A., ... & Laposa, J. M. (2023). The effect of aerobic exercise alone and in combination with cognitive behavioural therapy on obsessive compulsive disorder: A randomized control study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 98, 102746."
        },
        {
          "study": "Khodarahimi,2009",
          "ref": "Khodarahimi, S. (2009). Satiation therapy and exposure response prevention in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 39(3), 203-207."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kobayashi,2020",
          "ref": "Kobayashi, Y., Kanie, A., Nakagawa, A., Takebayashi, Y., Shinmei, I., Nakayama, N., . . . Mimura, M. (2020). An evaluation of family-based treatment for OCD in Japan: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 932."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kyrios,2018",
          "ref": "Kyrios, M., Ahern, C., Fassnacht, D. B., Nedeljkovic, M., Moulding, R., & Meyer, D. (2018). Therapist-Assisted Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Progressive Relaxation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(8), e242."
        },
        {
          "study": "Launes,2019",
          "ref": "Launes, G., Hagen, K., Sunde, T., Öst, L.-G., Klovning, I., Laukvik, I.-L., . . . Hansen, B. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of concentrated ERP, self-help and waiting list for obsessive-compulsive disorder: the Bergen 4-day treatment. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee,2023",
          "ref": "Li Z, Guo Z, Wang N, Xu Z, Qu Y, Wang X, et al. Cognitive – behavioural therapy for patients with schizophrenia : a multicentre randomized controlled trial in Beijing , China. Psychol Med. 2015;45:1893–905."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lindsay,1997",
          "ref": "Lindsay, M., Crino, R., & Andrews, G. (1997). Controlled trial of exposure and response prevention in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry, 171, 135-139."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mancebo,2021",
          "ref": "Mancebo, M. C., Yip, A. G., Boisseau, C. L., Rasmussen, S. A., & Zlotnick, C. (2021). Behavioral Therapy Teams for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Lessons Learned From a Pilot Randomized Trial in a Community Mental Health Center. Behav Ther, 52(5), 1296-1309."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathur,2021",
          "ref": "Mathur, S., Sharma, M. P., Balachander, S., Kandavel, T., & Reddy, Y. C. J. (2021). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy vs stress management training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 282, 58-68."
        },
        {
          "study": "Matsumoto,2022",
          "ref": "Matsumoto, K., Hamatani, S., Makino, T., Takahashi, J., Suzuki, F., Ida, T., . . . Omori, I. M. (2022). Guided internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A multicenter randomized controlled trial in Japan. Internet interventions, 28, 100515."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLean,2001",
          "ref": "McLean, P. D., Whittal, M. L., Thordarson, D. S., Taylor, S., Söchting, I., Koch, W. J., ... & Anderson, K. W. (2001). Cognitive versus behavior therapy in the group treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 69(2), 205."
        },
        {
          "study": "Moritz,2018",
          "ref": "Moritz S, Hauschildt M, Murray SC, Pedersen A, Krausz M, Jelinek L. New wine in an old bottle? Evaluation of myMCT as an integrative bibliotherapy for obsessive- compulsive disorder. J Obs Compuls Relat Disord 2018;16:88–97."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakatani,2005",
          "ref": "Nakatani, E., Nakagawa, A., Nakao, T., Yoshizato, C., Nabeyama, M., Kudo, A., ... & Kawamoto, M. (2005). A randomized controlled trial of Japanese patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder–effectiveness of behavior therapy and fluvoxamine. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 74(5), 269-276."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nan_Zhang,2023",
          "ref": "Zhang Nan. Observation on the effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Chinese Journal of Urban and Rural Enterprise Hygiene. 2023;38(5):89–91."
        },
        {
          "study": "Norman,2021",
          "ref": "Norman, L. J., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., Abelson, J. L., Himle, J. A., . . . Taylor, S. F. (2021). Treatment-Specific Associations Between Brain Activation and Symptom Reduction in OCD Following CBT: A Randomized fMRI Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 178(1), 39-47."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,1999",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,2006",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rupp,2019",
          "ref": "Rupp, C., Jürgens, C., Doebler, P., Andor, F., & Buhlmann, U. (2019). A randomized waitlist-controlled trial comparing detached mindfulness and cognitive restructuring in obsessive-compulsive disorder. PLoS One, 14(3), e0213895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell,2013",
          "ref": "Russell, A. J., Jassi, A., Fullana, M. A., Mack, H., Johnston, K., Heyman, I., . . . Mataix-Cols, D. (2013). Cognitive behavior therapy for comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder in high-functioning autism spectrum disorders: a randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 30(8), 697-708."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adol",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adul",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Twohig,2010",
          "ref": "Twohig, M. P., Hayes, S. C., Plumb, J. C., Pruitt, L. D., Collins, A. B., Hazlett-Stevens, H., & Woidneck, M. R. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy versus progressive relaxation training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 78(5), 705-716."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vogel,2014",
          "ref": "Vogel, P. A., Solem, S., Hagen, K., Moen, E. M., Launes, G., HÃ¥land, Ã…. T., . . . Himle, J. A. (2014). A pilot randomized controlled trial of videoconference-assisted treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 63, 162-168."
        },
        {
          "study": "Whittal,2010",
          "ref": "Whittal, M. L., Woody, S. R., McLean, P. D., Rachman, S. J., & Robichaud, M. (2010). Treatment of obsessions: a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 48(4), 295-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wootton,2013",
          "ref": "Wootton, B. M., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., Terides, M. D., & Titov, N. (2013). Remote treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2(4), 375-384."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu,2023",
          "ref": "Wu, Y., Li, X., Zhou, Y., Gao, R., Wang, K., Ye, H., ... & Fan, Q. (2023). Efficacy and cost-effectiveness analysis of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 25, e41283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zejuan_Fu,2016",
          "ref": "Fu Zejuan, Xie Hailing. Evaluation of the effects of cognitive-behavioral intervention therapy on improving the psychological state and quality of life in patients with obsessive- compulsive disorder. Journal of Practical Clinical Medicine. 2016;20(8):17–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang,2021",
          "ref": "Zhang, T., Lu, L., Didonna, F., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., & Fan, Q. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Unmedicated Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial With 6-Month Follow-Up. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12."
        },
        {
          "study": "van Balkom,1998",
          "ref": "van Balkom, A. J., de Haan, E., van Oppen, P., Spinhoven, P., Hoogduin, K. A., & van Dyck, R. (1998). Cognitive and behavioral therapies alone versus in combination with fluvoxamine in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 186(8), 492-499."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2254,
      "instr": "ybocs",
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      "lo": 4.281,
      "hi": 6.842,
      "tau2": 0.198,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 2.194,
      "phi": 13.353,
      "i2": 94.5,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Anderson,2007",
          "ref": "Anderson, R. A., & Rees, C. S. (2007). Group versus individual cognitive-behavioural treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 45(1), 123-137."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jaurrieta,2008",
          "ref": "Jaurrieta N, Jiménez-Murcia S, Alonso P, Granero R, Segalàs C, Labad J, Menchón JM. Individual versus group cognitive behavioral treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: follow up. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008 Dec;62(6):697-704. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01873.x. PMID: 19068007."
        },
        {
          "study": "Katz,2023",
          "ref": "Katz, D. E., Rector, N. A., McCabe, R. E., Hawley, L. L., Rowa, K., Richter, M. A., ... & Laposa, J. M. (2023). The effect of aerobic exercise alone and in combination with cognitive behavioural therapy on obsessive compulsive disorder: A randomized control study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 98, 102746."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kobayashi,2020",
          "ref": "Kobayashi, Y., Kanie, A., Nakagawa, A., Takebayashi, Y., Shinmei, I., Nakayama, N., . . . Mimura, M. (2020). An evaluation of family-based treatment for OCD in Japan: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 932."
        },
        {
          "study": "Launes,2019",
          "ref": "Launes, G., Hagen, K., Sunde, T., Öst, L.-G., Klovning, I., Laukvik, I.-L., . . . Hansen, B. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of concentrated ERP, self-help and waiting list for obsessive-compulsive disorder: the Bergen 4-day treatment. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lindsay,1997",
          "ref": "Lindsay, M., Crino, R., & Andrews, G. (1997). Controlled trial of exposure and response prevention in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry, 171, 135-139."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mancebo,2021",
          "ref": "Mancebo, M. C., Yip, A. G., Boisseau, C. L., Rasmussen, S. A., & Zlotnick, C. (2021). Behavioral Therapy Teams for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Lessons Learned From a Pilot Randomized Trial in a Community Mental Health Center. Behav Ther, 52(5), 1296-1309."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathur,2021",
          "ref": "Mathur, S., Sharma, M. P., Balachander, S., Kandavel, T., & Reddy, Y. C. J. (2021). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy vs stress management training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 282, 58-68."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakatani,2005",
          "ref": "Nakatani, E., Nakagawa, A., Nakao, T., Yoshizato, C., Nabeyama, M., Kudo, A., ... & Kawamoto, M. (2005). A randomized controlled trial of Japanese patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder–effectiveness of behavior therapy and fluvoxamine. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 74(5), 269-276."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nan_Zhang,2023",
          "ref": "Zhang Nan. Observation on the effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Chinese Journal of Urban and Rural Enterprise Hygiene. 2023;38(5):89–91."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,1999",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vogel,2014",
          "ref": "Vogel, P. A., Solem, S., Hagen, K., Moen, E. M., Launes, G., HÃ¥land, Ã…. T., . . . Himle, J. A. (2014). A pilot randomized controlled trial of videoconference-assisted treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 63, 162-168."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu,2023",
          "ref": "Wu, Y., Li, X., Zhou, Y., Gao, R., Wang, K., Ye, H., ... & Fan, Q. (2023). Efficacy and cost-effectiveness analysis of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 25, e41283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zejuan_Fu,2016",
          "ref": "Fu Zejuan, Xie Hailing. Evaluation of the effects of cognitive-behavioral intervention therapy on improving the psychological state and quality of life in patients with obsessive- compulsive disorder. Journal of Practical Clinical Medicine. 2016;20(8):17–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang,2021",
          "ref": "Zhang, T., Lu, L., Didonna, F., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., & Fan, Q. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Unmedicated Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial With 6-Month Follow-Up. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2255,
      "instr": "ybocs",
      "full": "Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Recruitment",
      "sgv": "Clinic",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 41,
      "k_es": 52,
      "sd": 6.181,
      "lo": 5.513,
      "hi": 6.93,
      "tau2": 0.1189,
      "tau2w": 0.0001,
      "plo": 3.115,
      "phi": 12.264,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Anderson,2007",
          "ref": "Anderson, R. A., & Rees, C. S. (2007). Group versus individual cognitive-behavioural treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 45(1), 123-137."
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson,2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, E., Enander, J., Andrén, P., Hedman, E., Ljótsson, B., Hursti, T., . . . Rück, C. (2012). Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med, 42(10), 2193-2203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Braga,2016",
          "ref": "Braga, D. T., Abramovitch, A., Fontenelle, L. F., Ferrão, Y. A., Gomes, J. B., Vivan, A. S., . . . Cordioli, A. V. (2016). Neuropsychological predictors of treatment response to cognitive behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety, 33(9), 848-861."
        },
        {
          "study": "Challacombe,2017",
          "ref": "Challacombe, F. L., Salkovskis, P. M., Woolgar, M., Wilkinson, E. L., Read, J., & Acheson, R. (2017). A pilot randomized controlled trial of time-intensive cognitive–behaviour therapy for postpartum obsessive–compulsive disorder: Effects on maternal symptoms, mother–infant interactions and attachment. Psychological Medicine, 47(8), 1478-1488."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cordioli,2003",
          "ref": "Cordioli, A. V., Heldt, E., Bochi, D. B., Margis, R., De Sousa, M. B., Tonello, J. F., . . . Kapczinski, F. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 72(4), 211-216."
        },
        {
          "study": "Foa,2005",
          "ref": "Foa, E. B., Liebowitz, M. R., Kozak, M. J., Davies, S., Campeas, R., Franklin, M. E., . . . Tu, X. (2005). Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of exposure and ritual prevention, clomipramine, and their combination in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 162(1), 151-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freeston,1997",
          "ref": "Freeston, M. H., Ladouceur, R., Gagnon, F., Thibodeau, N., Rhéaume, J., Letarte, H., & Bujold, A. (1997). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of obsessive thoughts: a controlled study. J Consult Clin Psychol, 65(3), 405-413."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gomes,2016",
          "ref": "Gomes, J. B., Cordioli, A. V., Bortoncello, C. F., Braga, D. T., Gonçalves, F., & Heldt, E. (2016). Impact of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder on family accommodation: A randomized clinical trial. Psychiatry Res, 246, 70-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Greist,2002",
          "ref": "Greist, J. H., Marks, I. M., Baer, L., Kobak, K. A., Wenzel, K. W., Hirsch, M. J., . . . Clary, C. M. (2002). Behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder guided by a computer or by a clinician compared with relaxation as a control. J Clin Psychiatry, 63(2), 138-145."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hauschildt,2016",
          "ref": "Hauschildt, M., Schröder, J., & Moritz, S. (2016). Randomized-controlled trial on a novel (meta-)cognitive self-help approach for obsessive-compulsive disorder (\"myMCT\"). Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 10, 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2016.04.010"
        },
        {
          "study": "Herbst,2014",
          "ref": "Herbst, N., Voderholzer, U., Thiel, N., Schaub, R., Knaevelsrud, C., Stracke, S., . . . Külz, A. K. (2014). No talking, just writing! Efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention in obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 83(3), 165-175."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jaurrieta,2008",
          "ref": "Jaurrieta N, Jiménez-Murcia S, Alonso P, Granero R, Segalàs C, Labad J, Menchón JM. Individual versus group cognitive behavioral treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: follow up. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008 Dec;62(6):697-704. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01873.x. PMID: 19068007."
        },
        {
          "study": "Katz,2023",
          "ref": "Katz, D. E., Rector, N. A., McCabe, R. E., Hawley, L. L., Rowa, K., Richter, M. A., ... & Laposa, J. M. (2023). The effect of aerobic exercise alone and in combination with cognitive behavioural therapy on obsessive compulsive disorder: A randomized control study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 98, 102746."
        },
        {
          "study": "Khodarahimi,2009",
          "ref": "Khodarahimi, S. (2009). Satiation therapy and exposure response prevention in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 39(3), 203-207."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kobayashi,2020",
          "ref": "Kobayashi, Y., Kanie, A., Nakagawa, A., Takebayashi, Y., Shinmei, I., Nakayama, N., . . . Mimura, M. (2020). An evaluation of family-based treatment for OCD in Japan: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 932."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kyrios,2018",
          "ref": "Kyrios, M., Ahern, C., Fassnacht, D. B., Nedeljkovic, M., Moulding, R., & Meyer, D. (2018). Therapist-Assisted Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Progressive Relaxation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(8), e242."
        },
        {
          "study": "Launes,2019",
          "ref": "Launes, G., Hagen, K., Sunde, T., Öst, L.-G., Klovning, I., Laukvik, I.-L., . . . Hansen, B. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of concentrated ERP, self-help and waiting list for obsessive-compulsive disorder: the Bergen 4-day treatment. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee,2023",
          "ref": "Li Z, Guo Z, Wang N, Xu Z, Qu Y, Wang X, et al. Cognitive – behavioural therapy for patients with schizophrenia : a multicentre randomized controlled trial in Beijing , China. Psychol Med. 2015;45:1893–905."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lindsay,1997",
          "ref": "Lindsay, M., Crino, R., & Andrews, G. (1997). Controlled trial of exposure and response prevention in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry, 171, 135-139."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mancebo,2021",
          "ref": "Mancebo, M. C., Yip, A. G., Boisseau, C. L., Rasmussen, S. A., & Zlotnick, C. (2021). Behavioral Therapy Teams for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Lessons Learned From a Pilot Randomized Trial in a Community Mental Health Center. Behav Ther, 52(5), 1296-1309."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathur,2021",
          "ref": "Mathur, S., Sharma, M. P., Balachander, S., Kandavel, T., & Reddy, Y. C. J. (2021). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy vs stress management training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 282, 58-68."
        },
        {
          "study": "Matsumoto,2022",
          "ref": "Matsumoto, K., Hamatani, S., Makino, T., Takahashi, J., Suzuki, F., Ida, T., . . . Omori, I. M. (2022). Guided internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A multicenter randomized controlled trial in Japan. Internet interventions, 28, 100515."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLean,2001",
          "ref": "McLean, P. D., Whittal, M. L., Thordarson, D. S., Taylor, S., Söchting, I., Koch, W. J., ... & Anderson, K. W. (2001). Cognitive versus behavior therapy in the group treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 69(2), 205."
        },
        {
          "study": "Moritz,2018",
          "ref": "Moritz S, Hauschildt M, Murray SC, Pedersen A, Krausz M, Jelinek L. New wine in an old bottle? Evaluation of myMCT as an integrative bibliotherapy for obsessive- compulsive disorder. J Obs Compuls Relat Disord 2018;16:88–97."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakatani,2005",
          "ref": "Nakatani, E., Nakagawa, A., Nakao, T., Yoshizato, C., Nabeyama, M., Kudo, A., ... & Kawamoto, M. (2005). A randomized controlled trial of Japanese patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder–effectiveness of behavior therapy and fluvoxamine. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 74(5), 269-276."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nan_Zhang,2023",
          "ref": "Zhang Nan. Observation on the effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Chinese Journal of Urban and Rural Enterprise Hygiene. 2023;38(5):89–91."
        },
        {
          "study": "Norman,2021",
          "ref": "Norman, L. J., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., Abelson, J. L., Himle, J. A., . . . Taylor, S. F. (2021). Treatment-Specific Associations Between Brain Activation and Symptom Reduction in OCD Following CBT: A Randomized fMRI Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 178(1), 39-47."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,1999",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,2006",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rupp,2019",
          "ref": "Rupp, C., Jürgens, C., Doebler, P., Andor, F., & Buhlmann, U. (2019). A randomized waitlist-controlled trial comparing detached mindfulness and cognitive restructuring in obsessive-compulsive disorder. PLoS One, 14(3), e0213895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell,2013",
          "ref": "Russell, A. J., Jassi, A., Fullana, M. A., Mack, H., Johnston, K., Heyman, I., . . . Mataix-Cols, D. (2013). Cognitive behavior therapy for comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder in high-functioning autism spectrum disorders: a randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 30(8), 697-708."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adol",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adul",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Twohig,2010",
          "ref": "Twohig, M. P., Hayes, S. C., Plumb, J. C., Pruitt, L. D., Collins, A. B., Hazlett-Stevens, H., & Woidneck, M. R. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy versus progressive relaxation training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 78(5), 705-716."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vogel,2014",
          "ref": "Vogel, P. A., Solem, S., Hagen, K., Moen, E. M., Launes, G., HÃ¥land, Ã…. T., . . . Himle, J. A. (2014). A pilot randomized controlled trial of videoconference-assisted treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 63, 162-168."
        },
        {
          "study": "Whittal,2010",
          "ref": "Whittal, M. L., Woody, S. R., McLean, P. D., Rachman, S. J., & Robichaud, M. (2010). Treatment of obsessions: a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 48(4), 295-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wootton,2013",
          "ref": "Wootton, B. M., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., Terides, M. D., & Titov, N. (2013). Remote treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2(4), 375-384."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu,2023",
          "ref": "Wu, Y., Li, X., Zhou, Y., Gao, R., Wang, K., Ye, H., ... & Fan, Q. (2023). Efficacy and cost-effectiveness analysis of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 25, e41283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zejuan_Fu,2016",
          "ref": "Fu Zejuan, Xie Hailing. Evaluation of the effects of cognitive-behavioral intervention therapy on improving the psychological state and quality of life in patients with obsessive- compulsive disorder. Journal of Practical Clinical Medicine. 2016;20(8):17–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang,2021",
          "ref": "Zhang, T., Lu, L., Didonna, F., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., & Fan, Q. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Unmedicated Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial With 6-Month Follow-Up. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12."
        },
        {
          "study": "van Balkom,1998",
          "ref": "van Balkom, A. J., de Haan, E., van Oppen, P., Spinhoven, P., Hoogduin, K. A., & van Dyck, R. (1998). Cognitive and behavioral therapies alone versus in combination with fluvoxamine in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 186(8), 492-499."
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        {
          "study": "Andersson,2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, E., Enander, J., Andrén, P., Hedman, E., Ljótsson, B., Hursti, T., . . . Rück, C. (2012). Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med, 42(10), 2193-2203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Braga,2016",
          "ref": "Braga, D. T., Abramovitch, A., Fontenelle, L. F., Ferrão, Y. A., Gomes, J. B., Vivan, A. S., . . . Cordioli, A. V. (2016). Neuropsychological predictors of treatment response to cognitive behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety, 33(9), 848-861."
        },
        {
          "study": "Challacombe,2017",
          "ref": "Challacombe, F. L., Salkovskis, P. M., Woolgar, M., Wilkinson, E. L., Read, J., & Acheson, R. (2017). A pilot randomized controlled trial of time-intensive cognitive–behaviour therapy for postpartum obsessive–compulsive disorder: Effects on maternal symptoms, mother–infant interactions and attachment. Psychological Medicine, 47(8), 1478-1488."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cordioli,2003",
          "ref": "Cordioli, A. V., Heldt, E., Bochi, D. B., Margis, R., De Sousa, M. B., Tonello, J. F., . . . Kapczinski, F. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 72(4), 211-216."
        },
        {
          "study": "Foa,2005",
          "ref": "Foa, E. B., Liebowitz, M. R., Kozak, M. J., Davies, S., Campeas, R., Franklin, M. E., . . . Tu, X. (2005). Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of exposure and ritual prevention, clomipramine, and their combination in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 162(1), 151-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gomes,2016",
          "ref": "Gomes, J. B., Cordioli, A. V., Bortoncello, C. F., Braga, D. T., Gonçalves, F., & Heldt, E. (2016). Impact of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder on family accommodation: A randomized clinical trial. Psychiatry Res, 246, 70-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Greist,2002",
          "ref": "Greist, J. H., Marks, I. M., Baer, L., Kobak, K. A., Wenzel, K. W., Hirsch, M. J., . . . Clary, C. M. (2002). Behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder guided by a computer or by a clinician compared with relaxation as a control. J Clin Psychiatry, 63(2), 138-145."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hauschildt,2016",
          "ref": "Hauschildt, M., Schröder, J., & Moritz, S. (2016). Randomized-controlled trial on a novel (meta-)cognitive self-help approach for obsessive-compulsive disorder (\"myMCT\"). Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 10, 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2016.04.010"
        },
        {
          "study": "Herbst,2014",
          "ref": "Herbst, N., Voderholzer, U., Thiel, N., Schaub, R., Knaevelsrud, C., Stracke, S., . . . Külz, A. K. (2014). No talking, just writing! Efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention in obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 83(3), 165-175."
        },
        {
          "study": "Khodarahimi,2009",
          "ref": "Khodarahimi, S. (2009). Satiation therapy and exposure response prevention in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 39(3), 203-207."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kyrios,2018",
          "ref": "Kyrios, M., Ahern, C., Fassnacht, D. B., Nedeljkovic, M., Moulding, R., & Meyer, D. (2018). Therapist-Assisted Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Progressive Relaxation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(8), e242."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee,2023",
          "ref": "Li Z, Guo Z, Wang N, Xu Z, Qu Y, Wang X, et al. Cognitive – behavioural therapy for patients with schizophrenia : a multicentre randomized controlled trial in Beijing , China. Psychol Med. 2015;45:1893–905."
        },
        {
          "study": "Matsumoto,2022",
          "ref": "Matsumoto, K., Hamatani, S., Makino, T., Takahashi, J., Suzuki, F., Ida, T., . . . Omori, I. M. (2022). Guided internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A multicenter randomized controlled trial in Japan. Internet interventions, 28, 100515."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLean,2001",
          "ref": "McLean, P. D., Whittal, M. L., Thordarson, D. S., Taylor, S., Söchting, I., Koch, W. J., ... & Anderson, K. W. (2001). Cognitive versus behavior therapy in the group treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 69(2), 205."
        },
        {
          "study": "Moritz,2018",
          "ref": "Moritz S, Hauschildt M, Murray SC, Pedersen A, Krausz M, Jelinek L. New wine in an old bottle? Evaluation of myMCT as an integrative bibliotherapy for obsessive- compulsive disorder. J Obs Compuls Relat Disord 2018;16:88–97."
        },
        {
          "study": "Norman,2021",
          "ref": "Norman, L. J., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., Abelson, J. L., Himle, J. A., . . . Taylor, S. F. (2021). Treatment-Specific Associations Between Brain Activation and Symptom Reduction in OCD Following CBT: A Randomized fMRI Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 178(1), 39-47."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,2006",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rupp,2019",
          "ref": "Rupp, C., Jürgens, C., Doebler, P., Andor, F., & Buhlmann, U. (2019). A randomized waitlist-controlled trial comparing detached mindfulness and cognitive restructuring in obsessive-compulsive disorder. PLoS One, 14(3), e0213895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adol",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adul",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Twohig,2010",
          "ref": "Twohig, M. P., Hayes, S. C., Plumb, J. C., Pruitt, L. D., Collins, A. B., Hazlett-Stevens, H., & Woidneck, M. R. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy versus progressive relaxation training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 78(5), 705-716."
        },
        {
          "study": "Whittal,2010",
          "ref": "Whittal, M. L., Woody, S. R., McLean, P. D., Rachman, S. J., & Robichaud, M. (2010). Treatment of obsessions: a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 48(4), 295-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wootton,2013",
          "ref": "Wootton, B. M., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., Terides, M. D., & Titov, N. (2013). Remote treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2(4), 375-384."
        },
        {
          "study": "van Balkom,1998",
          "ref": "van Balkom, A. J., de Haan, E., van Oppen, P., Spinhoven, P., Hoogduin, K. A., & van Dyck, R. (1998). Cognitive and behavioral therapies alone versus in combination with fluvoxamine in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 186(8), 492-499."
        }
      ]
    },
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      "instr": "ybocs",
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        {
          "study": "Anderson,2007",
          "ref": "Anderson, R. A., & Rees, C. S. (2007). Group versus individual cognitive-behavioural treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 45(1), 123-137."
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson,2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, E., Enander, J., Andrén, P., Hedman, E., Ljótsson, B., Hursti, T., . . . Rück, C. (2012). Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med, 42(10), 2193-2203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Braga,2016",
          "ref": "Braga, D. T., Abramovitch, A., Fontenelle, L. F., Ferrão, Y. A., Gomes, J. B., Vivan, A. S., . . . Cordioli, A. V. (2016). Neuropsychological predictors of treatment response to cognitive behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety, 33(9), 848-861."
        },
        {
          "study": "Challacombe,2017",
          "ref": "Challacombe, F. L., Salkovskis, P. M., Woolgar, M., Wilkinson, E. L., Read, J., & Acheson, R. (2017). A pilot randomized controlled trial of time-intensive cognitive–behaviour therapy for postpartum obsessive–compulsive disorder: Effects on maternal symptoms, mother–infant interactions and attachment. Psychological Medicine, 47(8), 1478-1488."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cordioli,2003",
          "ref": "Cordioli, A. V., Heldt, E., Bochi, D. B., Margis, R., De Sousa, M. B., Tonello, J. F., . . . Kapczinski, F. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 72(4), 211-216."
        },
        {
          "study": "Foa,2005",
          "ref": "Foa, E. B., Liebowitz, M. R., Kozak, M. J., Davies, S., Campeas, R., Franklin, M. E., . . . Tu, X. (2005). Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of exposure and ritual prevention, clomipramine, and their combination in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 162(1), 151-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freeston,1997",
          "ref": "Freeston, M. H., Ladouceur, R., Gagnon, F., Thibodeau, N., Rhéaume, J., Letarte, H., & Bujold, A. (1997). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of obsessive thoughts: a controlled study. J Consult Clin Psychol, 65(3), 405-413."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gomes,2016",
          "ref": "Gomes, J. B., Cordioli, A. V., Bortoncello, C. F., Braga, D. T., Gonçalves, F., & Heldt, E. (2016). Impact of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder on family accommodation: A randomized clinical trial. Psychiatry Res, 246, 70-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Greist,2002",
          "ref": "Greist, J. H., Marks, I. M., Baer, L., Kobak, K. A., Wenzel, K. W., Hirsch, M. J., . . . Clary, C. M. (2002). Behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder guided by a computer or by a clinician compared with relaxation as a control. J Clin Psychiatry, 63(2), 138-145."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hauschildt,2016",
          "ref": "Hauschildt, M., Schröder, J., & Moritz, S. (2016). Randomized-controlled trial on a novel (meta-)cognitive self-help approach for obsessive-compulsive disorder (\"myMCT\"). Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 10, 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2016.04.010"
        },
        {
          "study": "Herbst,2014",
          "ref": "Herbst, N., Voderholzer, U., Thiel, N., Schaub, R., Knaevelsrud, C., Stracke, S., . . . Külz, A. K. (2014). No talking, just writing! Efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention in obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 83(3), 165-175."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jaurrieta,2008",
          "ref": "Jaurrieta N, Jiménez-Murcia S, Alonso P, Granero R, Segalàs C, Labad J, Menchón JM. Individual versus group cognitive behavioral treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: follow up. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008 Dec;62(6):697-704. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01873.x. PMID: 19068007."
        },
        {
          "study": "Katz,2023",
          "ref": "Katz, D. E., Rector, N. A., McCabe, R. E., Hawley, L. L., Rowa, K., Richter, M. A., ... & Laposa, J. M. (2023). The effect of aerobic exercise alone and in combination with cognitive behavioural therapy on obsessive compulsive disorder: A randomized control study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 98, 102746."
        },
        {
          "study": "Khodarahimi,2009",
          "ref": "Khodarahimi, S. (2009). Satiation therapy and exposure response prevention in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 39(3), 203-207."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kobayashi,2020",
          "ref": "Kobayashi, Y., Kanie, A., Nakagawa, A., Takebayashi, Y., Shinmei, I., Nakayama, N., . . . Mimura, M. (2020). An evaluation of family-based treatment for OCD in Japan: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 932."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kyrios,2018",
          "ref": "Kyrios, M., Ahern, C., Fassnacht, D. B., Nedeljkovic, M., Moulding, R., & Meyer, D. (2018). Therapist-Assisted Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Progressive Relaxation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(8), e242."
        },
        {
          "study": "Launes,2019",
          "ref": "Launes, G., Hagen, K., Sunde, T., Öst, L.-G., Klovning, I., Laukvik, I.-L., . . . Hansen, B. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of concentrated ERP, self-help and waiting list for obsessive-compulsive disorder: the Bergen 4-day treatment. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee,2023",
          "ref": "Li Z, Guo Z, Wang N, Xu Z, Qu Y, Wang X, et al. Cognitive – behavioural therapy for patients with schizophrenia : a multicentre randomized controlled trial in Beijing , China. Psychol Med. 2015;45:1893–905."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lindsay,1997",
          "ref": "Lindsay, M., Crino, R., & Andrews, G. (1997). Controlled trial of exposure and response prevention in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry, 171, 135-139."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mancebo,2021",
          "ref": "Mancebo, M. C., Yip, A. G., Boisseau, C. L., Rasmussen, S. A., & Zlotnick, C. (2021). Behavioral Therapy Teams for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Lessons Learned From a Pilot Randomized Trial in a Community Mental Health Center. Behav Ther, 52(5), 1296-1309."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathur,2021",
          "ref": "Mathur, S., Sharma, M. P., Balachander, S., Kandavel, T., & Reddy, Y. C. J. (2021). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy vs stress management training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 282, 58-68."
        },
        {
          "study": "Matsumoto,2022",
          "ref": "Matsumoto, K., Hamatani, S., Makino, T., Takahashi, J., Suzuki, F., Ida, T., . . . Omori, I. M. (2022). Guided internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A multicenter randomized controlled trial in Japan. Internet interventions, 28, 100515."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLean,2001",
          "ref": "McLean, P. D., Whittal, M. L., Thordarson, D. S., Taylor, S., Söchting, I., Koch, W. J., ... & Anderson, K. W. (2001). Cognitive versus behavior therapy in the group treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 69(2), 205."
        },
        {
          "study": "Moritz,2018",
          "ref": "Moritz S, Hauschildt M, Murray SC, Pedersen A, Krausz M, Jelinek L. New wine in an old bottle? Evaluation of myMCT as an integrative bibliotherapy for obsessive- compulsive disorder. J Obs Compuls Relat Disord 2018;16:88–97."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakatani,2005",
          "ref": "Nakatani, E., Nakagawa, A., Nakao, T., Yoshizato, C., Nabeyama, M., Kudo, A., ... & Kawamoto, M. (2005). A randomized controlled trial of Japanese patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder–effectiveness of behavior therapy and fluvoxamine. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 74(5), 269-276."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nan_Zhang,2023",
          "ref": "Zhang Nan. Observation on the effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Chinese Journal of Urban and Rural Enterprise Hygiene. 2023;38(5):89–91."
        },
        {
          "study": "Norman,2021",
          "ref": "Norman, L. J., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., Abelson, J. L., Himle, J. A., . . . Taylor, S. F. (2021). Treatment-Specific Associations Between Brain Activation and Symptom Reduction in OCD Following CBT: A Randomized fMRI Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 178(1), 39-47."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,1999",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,2006",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rupp,2019",
          "ref": "Rupp, C., Jürgens, C., Doebler, P., Andor, F., & Buhlmann, U. (2019). A randomized waitlist-controlled trial comparing detached mindfulness and cognitive restructuring in obsessive-compulsive disorder. PLoS One, 14(3), e0213895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell,2013",
          "ref": "Russell, A. J., Jassi, A., Fullana, M. A., Mack, H., Johnston, K., Heyman, I., . . . Mataix-Cols, D. (2013). Cognitive behavior therapy for comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder in high-functioning autism spectrum disorders: a randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 30(8), 697-708."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adol",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adul",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Twohig,2010",
          "ref": "Twohig, M. P., Hayes, S. C., Plumb, J. C., Pruitt, L. D., Collins, A. B., Hazlett-Stevens, H., & Woidneck, M. R. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy versus progressive relaxation training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 78(5), 705-716."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vogel,2014",
          "ref": "Vogel, P. A., Solem, S., Hagen, K., Moen, E. M., Launes, G., HÃ¥land, Ã…. T., . . . Himle, J. A. (2014). A pilot randomized controlled trial of videoconference-assisted treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 63, 162-168."
        },
        {
          "study": "Whittal,2010",
          "ref": "Whittal, M. L., Woody, S. R., McLean, P. D., Rachman, S. J., & Robichaud, M. (2010). Treatment of obsessions: a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 48(4), 295-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wootton,2013",
          "ref": "Wootton, B. M., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., Terides, M. D., & Titov, N. (2013). Remote treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2(4), 375-384."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu,2023",
          "ref": "Wu, Y., Li, X., Zhou, Y., Gao, R., Wang, K., Ye, H., ... & Fan, Q. (2023). Efficacy and cost-effectiveness analysis of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 25, e41283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zejuan_Fu,2016",
          "ref": "Fu Zejuan, Xie Hailing. Evaluation of the effects of cognitive-behavioral intervention therapy on improving the psychological state and quality of life in patients with obsessive- compulsive disorder. Journal of Practical Clinical Medicine. 2016;20(8):17–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang,2021",
          "ref": "Zhang, T., Lu, L., Didonna, F., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., & Fan, Q. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Unmedicated Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial With 6-Month Follow-Up. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12."
        },
        {
          "study": "van Balkom,1998",
          "ref": "van Balkom, A. J., de Haan, E., van Oppen, P., Spinhoven, P., Hoogduin, K. A., & van Dyck, R. (1998). Cognitive and behavioral therapies alone versus in combination with fluvoxamine in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 186(8), 492-499."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2258,
      "instr": "ybocs",
      "full": "Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Not low risk of bias",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 39,
      "k_es": 49,
      "sd": 6.207,
      "lo": 5.528,
      "hi": 6.969,
      "tau2": 0.124,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.083,
      "phi": 12.497,
      "i2": 93.5,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Anderson,2007",
          "ref": "Anderson, R. A., & Rees, C. S. (2007). Group versus individual cognitive-behavioural treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 45(1), 123-137."
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson,2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, E., Enander, J., Andrén, P., Hedman, E., Ljótsson, B., Hursti, T., . . . Rück, C. (2012). Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med, 42(10), 2193-2203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Braga,2016",
          "ref": "Braga, D. T., Abramovitch, A., Fontenelle, L. F., Ferrão, Y. A., Gomes, J. B., Vivan, A. S., . . . Cordioli, A. V. (2016). Neuropsychological predictors of treatment response to cognitive behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety, 33(9), 848-861."
        },
        {
          "study": "Challacombe,2017",
          "ref": "Challacombe, F. L., Salkovskis, P. M., Woolgar, M., Wilkinson, E. L., Read, J., & Acheson, R. (2017). A pilot randomized controlled trial of time-intensive cognitive–behaviour therapy for postpartum obsessive–compulsive disorder: Effects on maternal symptoms, mother–infant interactions and attachment. Psychological Medicine, 47(8), 1478-1488."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cordioli,2003",
          "ref": "Cordioli, A. V., Heldt, E., Bochi, D. B., Margis, R., De Sousa, M. B., Tonello, J. F., . . . Kapczinski, F. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 72(4), 211-216."
        },
        {
          "study": "Foa,2005",
          "ref": "Foa, E. B., Liebowitz, M. R., Kozak, M. J., Davies, S., Campeas, R., Franklin, M. E., . . . Tu, X. (2005). Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of exposure and ritual prevention, clomipramine, and their combination in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 162(1), 151-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freeston,1997",
          "ref": "Freeston, M. H., Ladouceur, R., Gagnon, F., Thibodeau, N., Rhéaume, J., Letarte, H., & Bujold, A. (1997). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of obsessive thoughts: a controlled study. J Consult Clin Psychol, 65(3), 405-413."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gomes,2016",
          "ref": "Gomes, J. B., Cordioli, A. V., Bortoncello, C. F., Braga, D. T., Gonçalves, F., & Heldt, E. (2016). Impact of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder on family accommodation: A randomized clinical trial. Psychiatry Res, 246, 70-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Greist,2002",
          "ref": "Greist, J. H., Marks, I. M., Baer, L., Kobak, K. A., Wenzel, K. W., Hirsch, M. J., . . . Clary, C. M. (2002). Behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder guided by a computer or by a clinician compared with relaxation as a control. J Clin Psychiatry, 63(2), 138-145."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hauschildt,2016",
          "ref": "Hauschildt, M., Schröder, J., & Moritz, S. (2016). Randomized-controlled trial on a novel (meta-)cognitive self-help approach for obsessive-compulsive disorder (\"myMCT\"). Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 10, 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2016.04.010"
        },
        {
          "study": "Herbst,2014",
          "ref": "Herbst, N., Voderholzer, U., Thiel, N., Schaub, R., Knaevelsrud, C., Stracke, S., . . . Külz, A. K. (2014). No talking, just writing! Efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention in obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 83(3), 165-175."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jaurrieta,2008",
          "ref": "Jaurrieta N, Jiménez-Murcia S, Alonso P, Granero R, Segalàs C, Labad J, Menchón JM. Individual versus group cognitive behavioral treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: follow up. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008 Dec;62(6):697-704. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01873.x. PMID: 19068007."
        },
        {
          "study": "Katz,2023",
          "ref": "Katz, D. E., Rector, N. A., McCabe, R. E., Hawley, L. L., Rowa, K., Richter, M. A., ... & Laposa, J. M. (2023). The effect of aerobic exercise alone and in combination with cognitive behavioural therapy on obsessive compulsive disorder: A randomized control study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 98, 102746."
        },
        {
          "study": "Khodarahimi,2009",
          "ref": "Khodarahimi, S. (2009). Satiation therapy and exposure response prevention in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 39(3), 203-207."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kobayashi,2020",
          "ref": "Kobayashi, Y., Kanie, A., Nakagawa, A., Takebayashi, Y., Shinmei, I., Nakayama, N., . . . Mimura, M. (2020). An evaluation of family-based treatment for OCD in Japan: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 932."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kyrios,2018",
          "ref": "Kyrios, M., Ahern, C., Fassnacht, D. B., Nedeljkovic, M., Moulding, R., & Meyer, D. (2018). Therapist-Assisted Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Progressive Relaxation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(8), e242."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee,2023",
          "ref": "Li Z, Guo Z, Wang N, Xu Z, Qu Y, Wang X, et al. Cognitive – behavioural therapy for patients with schizophrenia : a multicentre randomized controlled trial in Beijing , China. Psychol Med. 2015;45:1893–905."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lindsay,1997",
          "ref": "Lindsay, M., Crino, R., & Andrews, G. (1997). Controlled trial of exposure and response prevention in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry, 171, 135-139."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mancebo,2021",
          "ref": "Mancebo, M. C., Yip, A. G., Boisseau, C. L., Rasmussen, S. A., & Zlotnick, C. (2021). Behavioral Therapy Teams for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Lessons Learned From a Pilot Randomized Trial in a Community Mental Health Center. Behav Ther, 52(5), 1296-1309."
        },
        {
          "study": "Matsumoto,2022",
          "ref": "Matsumoto, K., Hamatani, S., Makino, T., Takahashi, J., Suzuki, F., Ida, T., . . . Omori, I. M. (2022). Guided internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A multicenter randomized controlled trial in Japan. Internet interventions, 28, 100515."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLean,2001",
          "ref": "McLean, P. D., Whittal, M. L., Thordarson, D. S., Taylor, S., Söchting, I., Koch, W. J., ... & Anderson, K. W. (2001). Cognitive versus behavior therapy in the group treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 69(2), 205."
        },
        {
          "study": "Moritz,2018",
          "ref": "Moritz S, Hauschildt M, Murray SC, Pedersen A, Krausz M, Jelinek L. New wine in an old bottle? Evaluation of myMCT as an integrative bibliotherapy for obsessive- compulsive disorder. J Obs Compuls Relat Disord 2018;16:88–97."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakatani,2005",
          "ref": "Nakatani, E., Nakagawa, A., Nakao, T., Yoshizato, C., Nabeyama, M., Kudo, A., ... & Kawamoto, M. (2005). A randomized controlled trial of Japanese patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder–effectiveness of behavior therapy and fluvoxamine. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 74(5), 269-276."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nan_Zhang,2023",
          "ref": "Zhang Nan. Observation on the effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Chinese Journal of Urban and Rural Enterprise Hygiene. 2023;38(5):89–91."
        },
        {
          "study": "Norman,2021",
          "ref": "Norman, L. J., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., Abelson, J. L., Himle, J. A., . . . Taylor, S. F. (2021). Treatment-Specific Associations Between Brain Activation and Symptom Reduction in OCD Following CBT: A Randomized fMRI Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 178(1), 39-47."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,1999",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Connor,2006",
          "ref": "O'Connor, K., Todorov, C., Robillard, S., Borgeat, F., & Brault, M. (1999). Cognitive-behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(1), 64-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rupp,2019",
          "ref": "Rupp, C., Jürgens, C., Doebler, P., Andor, F., & Buhlmann, U. (2019). A randomized waitlist-controlled trial comparing detached mindfulness and cognitive restructuring in obsessive-compulsive disorder. PLoS One, 14(3), e0213895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell,2013",
          "ref": "Russell, A. J., Jassi, A., Fullana, M. A., Mack, H., Johnston, K., Heyman, I., . . . Mataix-Cols, D. (2013). Cognitive behavior therapy for comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder in high-functioning autism spectrum disorders: a randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety, 30(8), 697-708."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adol",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Russman Block,2023-adul",
          "ref": "Russman Block, S., Norman, L. J., Zhang, X., Mannella, K. A., Yang, H., Angstadt, M., . . . Fitzgerald, K. D. (2023). Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry, 180(1), 89-99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111173"
        },
        {
          "study": "Twohig,2010",
          "ref": "Twohig, M. P., Hayes, S. C., Plumb, J. C., Pruitt, L. D., Collins, A. B., Hazlett-Stevens, H., & Woidneck, M. R. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy versus progressive relaxation training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol, 78(5), 705-716."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vogel,2014",
          "ref": "Vogel, P. A., Solem, S., Hagen, K., Moen, E. M., Launes, G., HÃ¥land, Ã…. T., . . . Himle, J. A. (2014). A pilot randomized controlled trial of videoconference-assisted treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 63, 162-168."
        },
        {
          "study": "Whittal,2010",
          "ref": "Whittal, M. L., Woody, S. R., McLean, P. D., Rachman, S. J., & Robichaud, M. (2010). Treatment of obsessions: a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 48(4), 295-303."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wootton,2013",
          "ref": "Wootton, B. M., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., Terides, M. D., & Titov, N. (2013). Remote treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2(4), 375-384."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu,2023",
          "ref": "Wu, Y., Li, X., Zhou, Y., Gao, R., Wang, K., Ye, H., ... & Fan, Q. (2023). Efficacy and cost-effectiveness analysis of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 25, e41283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zejuan_Fu,2016",
          "ref": "Fu Zejuan, Xie Hailing. Evaluation of the effects of cognitive-behavioral intervention therapy on improving the psychological state and quality of life in patients with obsessive- compulsive disorder. Journal of Practical Clinical Medicine. 2016;20(8):17–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhang,2021",
          "ref": "Zhang, T., Lu, L., Didonna, F., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., & Fan, Q. (2021). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Unmedicated Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial With 6-Month Follow-Up. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12."
        },
        {
          "study": "van Balkom,1998",
          "ref": "van Balkom, A. J., de Haan, E., van Oppen, P., Spinhoven, P., Hoogduin, K. A., & van Dyck, R. (1998). Cognitive and behavioral therapies alone versus in combination with fluvoxamine in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 186(8), 492-499."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 2259,
      "instr": "ybocs",
      "full": "Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Not low risk of bias",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 41,
      "k_es": 52,
      "sd": 6.181,
      "lo": 5.513,
      "hi": 6.93,
      "tau2": 0.1189,
      "tau2w": 0.0001,
      "plo": 3.115,
      "phi": 12.264,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Anderson,2007",
          "ref": "Anderson, R. A., & Rees, C. S. (2007). Group versus individual cognitive-behavioural treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 45(1), 123-137."
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson,2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, E., Enander, J., Andrén, P., Hedman, E., Ljótsson, B., Hursti, T., . . . Rück, C. (2012). Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med, 42(10), 2193-2203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Braga,2016",
          "ref": "Braga, D. T., Abramovitch, A., Fontenelle, L. F., Ferrão, Y. A., Gomes, J. B., Vivan, A. S., . . . Cordioli, A. V. (2016). Neuropsychological predictors of treatment response to cognitive behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety, 33(9), 848-861."
        },
        {
          "study": "Challacombe,2017",
          "ref": "Challacombe, F. L., Salkovskis, P. M., Woolgar, M., Wilkinson, E. L., Read, J., & Acheson, R. (2017). A pilot randomized controlled trial of time-intensive cognitive–behaviour therapy for postpartum obsessive–compulsive disorder: Effects on maternal symptoms, mother–infant interactions and attachment. Psychological Medicine, 47(8), 1478-1488."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cordioli,2003",
          "ref": "Cordioli, A. V., Heldt, E., Bochi, D. B., Margis, R., De Sousa, M. B., Tonello, J. F., . . . Kapczinski, F. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 72(4), 211-216."
        },
        {
          "study": "Foa,2005",
          "ref": "Foa, E. B., Liebowitz, M. R., Kozak, M. J., Davies, S., Campeas, R., Franklin, M. E., . . . Tu, X. (2005). Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of exposure and ritual prevention, clomipramine, and their combination in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 162(1), 151-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freeston,1997",
          "ref": "Freeston, M. H., Ladouceur, R., Gagnon, F., Thibodeau, N., Rhéaume, J., Letarte, H., & Bujold, A. (1997). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of obsessive thoughts: a controlled study. J Consult Clin Psychol, 65(3), 405-413."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gomes,2016",
          "ref": "Gomes, J. B., Cordioli, A. V., Bortoncello, C. F., Braga, D. T., Gonçalves, F., & Heldt, E. (2016). Impact of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder on family accommodation: A randomized clinical trial. Psychiatry Res, 246, 70-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Greist,2002",
          "ref": "Greist, J. H., Marks, I. M., Baer, L., Kobak, K. A., Wenzel, K. W., Hirsch, M. J., . . . Clary, C. M. (2002). Behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder guided by a computer or by a clinician compared with relaxation as a control. J Clin Psychiatry, 63(2), 138-145."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hauschildt,2016",
          "ref": "Hauschildt, M., Schröder, J., & Moritz, S. (2016). Randomized-controlled trial on a novel (meta-)cognitive self-help approach for obsessive-compulsive disorder (\"myMCT\"). Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 10, 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2016.04.010"
        },
        {
          "study": "Herbst,2014",
          "ref": "Herbst, N., Voderholzer, U., Thiel, N., Schaub, R., Knaevelsrud, C., Stracke, S., . . . Külz, A. K. (2014). No talking, just writing! Efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention in obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychother Psychosom, 83(3), 165-175."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jaurrieta,2008",
          "ref": "Jaurrieta N, Jiménez-Murcia S, Alonso P, Granero R, Segalàs C, Labad J, Menchón JM. Individual versus group cognitive behavioral treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: follow up. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008 Dec;62(6):697-704. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01873.x. PMID: 19068007."
        },
        {
          "study": "Katz,2023",
          "ref": "Katz, D. E., Rector, N. A., McCabe, R. E., Hawley, L. L., Rowa, K., Richter, M. A., ... & Laposa, J. M. (2023). The effect of aerobic exercise alone and in combination with cognitive behavioural therapy on obsessive compulsive disorder: A randomized control study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 98, 102746."
        },
        {
          "study": "Khodarahimi,2009",
          "ref": "Khodarahimi, S. (2009). Satiation therapy and exposure response prevention in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 39(3), 203-207."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kobayashi,2020",
          "ref": "Kobayashi, Y., Kanie, A., Nakagawa, A., Takebayashi, Y., Shinmei, I., Nakayama, N., . . . Mimura, M. (2020). An evaluation of family-based treatment for OCD in Japan: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 932."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kyrios,2018",
          "ref": "Kyrios, M., Ahern, C., Fassnacht, D. B., Nedeljkovic, M., Moulding, R., & Meyer, D. (2018). Therapist-Assisted Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Progressive Relaxation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(8), e242."
        },
        {
          "study": "Launes,2019",
          "ref": "Launes, G., Hagen, K., Sunde, T., Öst, L.-G., Klovning, I., Laukvik, I.-L., . . . Hansen, B. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of concentrated ERP, self-help and waiting list for obsessive-compulsive disorder: the Bergen 4-day treatment. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee,2023",
          "ref": "Li Z, Guo Z, Wang N, Xu Z, Qu Y, Wang X, et al. Cognitive – behavioural therapy for patients with schizophrenia : a multicentre randomized controlled trial in Beijing , China. Psychol Med. 2015;45:1893–905."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lindsay,1997",
          "ref": "Lindsay, M., Crino, R., & Andrews, G. (1997). Controlled trial of exposure and response prevention in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry, 171, 135-139."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mancebo,2021",
          "ref": "Mancebo, M. C., Yip, A. G., Boisseau, C. L., Rasmussen, S. A., & Zlotnick, C. (2021). Behavioral Therapy Teams for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Lessons Learned From a Pilot Randomized Trial in a Community Mental Health Center. Behav Ther, 52(5), 1296-1309."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathur,2021",
          "ref": "Mathur, S., Sharma, M. P., Balachander, S., Kandavel, T., & Reddy, Y. C. J. (2021). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy vs stress management training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 282, 58-68."
        },
        {
          "study": "Matsumoto,2022",
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    }
  ]
}