{
  "version": "26.0.0",
  "version_label": "26.0.0",
  "version_date": "2026-06",
  "versions": [
    {
      "id": "26.0.0",
      "label": "26.0.0 (current)",
      "date": "2026-06",
      "current": true
    }
  ],
  "citation": {
    "apa": "Harrer, M., Cuijpers, P., et al. (2026). Reference Standard Deviations for SMD Calculations in Psychotherapy Trials (v2) [Data set]. Metapsy. https://metapsy.org/database/sd-reference.html?v=2",
    "bibtex": "@misc{metapsy-sd-reference-v2,\n  author = {Harrer, Mathias and Cuijpers, Pim and others},\n  title  = {Reference Standard Deviations for {SMD} Calculations in Psychotherapy Trials},\n  year   = {2026},\n  note   = {Version 2},\n  publisher = {Metapsy},\n  url    = {https://metapsy.org/database/sd-reference.html?v=2}\n}"
  },
  "instruments": {
    "ACQ": "Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire",
    "ADIS-IV": "Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV",
    "ASI": "Anxiety Sensitivity Index",
    "BAI": "Beck Anxiety Inventory",
    "BDI-I": "Beck Depression Inventory I",
    "BDI-II": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
    "BPRS negative": "Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (negative)",
    "BPRS positive": "Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (positive)",
    "BPRS total": "Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (total)",
    "BSI depression": "Brief Symptom Inventory (depression)",
    "BSPS": "Brief Social Phobia Scale",
    "BSS": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
    "CAPS": "Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale",
    "CES-D": "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale",
    "CGI": "Clinical Global Impression scale",
    "CSDD": "Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia",
    "CY-bocs": "Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale",
    "DASS-anxiety": "Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (anxiety)",
    "DASS-depression": "Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (depression)",
    "DOCS": "Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale",
    "EPDS": "Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale",
    "FNE": "Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale",
    "FNE-B": "Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale",
    "FQ": "Fear Questionnaire",
    "FQ-sp": "Fear Questionnaire (social phobia)",
    "GAD-7": "Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale",
    "GAD-CSR": "Generalized Anxiety Disorder Clinical Severity Rating",
    "GAD-Q-IV": "Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire-IV",
    "GDS": "Geriatric Depression Scale",
    "HADS-AS": "Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - Anxiety Subscale",
    "HADS-D": "Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - Depression Subscale",
    "HADS-total": "Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - Total score",
    "HAMA": "Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale",
    "HDRS-17": "Hamilton Depression Rating Scale - 17 item version",
    "HDRS-21": "Hamilton Depression Rating Scale - 21 item version",
    "HDRS-24": "Hamilton Depression Rating Scale - 24 item version",
    "HSCL-D": "Hopkins Symptom Checklist - Depression subscale",
    "IDS": "Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology",
    "IDS-sr": "Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology - Self-Report",
    "IES": "Impact of Event Scale",
    "K-10": "Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (10-item)",
    "K-sads": "Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia",
    "LSAS": "Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale",
    "LSAS-sr": "Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale - Self-Report",
    "LSAS-sr-avoidance": "Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale - Self-Report (Avoidance subscale)",
    "MADRS": "Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale",
    "MADRS-sr": "Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale - Self-Report",
    "MMPI-d": "Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory - Depression scale",
    "NIMH-gocs": "National Institute of Mental Health Global Obsessive-Compulsive Scale",
    "OASIS": "Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale",
    "OCI": "Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory",
    "OCI-r": "Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory - Revised",
    "Padua": "Padua Inventory",
    "PANSS-negative": "Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Negative subscale",
    "PANSS-positive": "Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Positive subscale",
    "PANSS-total": "Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Total score",
    "PCL": "PTSD Checklist",
    "PDS": "Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale",
    "PDSS": "Panic Disorder Severity Scale",
    "PDSS-SR": "Panic Disorder Severity Scale - Self-Report",
    "PHQ-8": "Patient Health Questionnaire - 8 item version",
    "PHQ-9": "Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 item version",
    "POMS-d": "Profile of Mood States - Depression",
    "PRCS": "Personal Report of Confidence as a Speaker",
    "PSS-I": "PTSD Symptom Scale - Interview Version",
    "PSS-SR": "PTSD Symptom Scale - Self-Report Version",
    "PSWQ": "Penn State Worry Questionnaire",
    "QIDS-c": "Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology - Clinician Rating",
    "QIDS-sr": "Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology - Self-Report",
    "SADS": "Social Avoidance and Distress Scale",
    "SANS-negative": "Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms",
    "SAPS-positive": "Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms",
    "SCL-90-R-anxiety": "Symptom Checklist-90-Revised - Anxiety subscale",
    "SCL-90-R-depression": "Symptom Checklist-90-Revised - Depression subscale",
    "SDS": "Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale",
    "SIAS": "Social Interaction Anxiety Scale",
    "SIGH-A": "Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Anxiety Scale",
    "SIQ": "Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire",
    "SPAI": "Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory",
    "SPIN": "Social Phobia Inventory",
    "SPS": "Social Phobia Scale",
    "SPSQ": "Social Phobia Screening Questionnaire",
    "SPWSS": "Social Phobia Weekly Summary Scale",
    "STAI-S": "State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - State Scale",
    "STAI-T": "State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - Trait Scale",
    "ybocs": "Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale",
    "Zung": "Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS)"
  },
  "subgroup_values": {
    "No subgroup": ["-"],
    "Control condition": ["Care as usual", "Other", "Waitlist"],
    "Rating": ["Clinician-rated", "Not reported", "Self-rated"],
    "Format": ["Group", "Guided self-help", "Individual", "Other"],
    "Age group": ["Adolescents", "Adults", "Children", "Not specified", "Older adults", "Young adults"],
    "Recruitment": ["Clinic", "Community", "Not reported", "Other", "-"],
    "Comorbidity": ["No comorbidity", "With comorbidity"],
    "Risk of Bias": ["Low risk of bias", "Not low risk of bias"],
    "Country / Region": ["Asia", "Europe", "North America", "Other"]
  },
  "models": ["Fixed-effect", "Influence analysis (sensitivity)", "Outliers removed (sensitivity)", "Overall (pooled)", "Random-effects (RE)", "Three-level CHE model"],
  "indications": ["Depression", "Anxiety", "PTSD", "OCD"],
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        },
        {
          "study": "Petterson, 1996",
          "ref": "Petterson K, Cesare S. Panic disorder: a cognitive behavioural approach to treatment. Counselling Psychology Quarterly 1996;9(2):191–201."
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy-Byrne, 2005",
          "ref": "Roy-Byrne PP, Craske MG, Stein MB, et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and medication for primary care panic disorder. Archives of general psychiatry 2005;62(3):290-8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schmidt, 1997b",
          "ref": "Schmidt NB, Trakowski JH, Staab JP. Extinction of panicogenic effects of a 35% CO2 challenge in patients with panic disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1997; 106(4):630–8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shear, 1994",
          "ref": "Shear MK, Pilkonis PA, Cloitre M, et al. Cognitive behavioral treatment compared with nonprescriptive treatment of panic disorder. Archives of general psychiatry 1994;51(5):395-401."
        },
        {
          "study": "Swinson, 1995",
          "ref": "Swinson RP, Fergus KD, Cox BJ, et al. Efficacy of telephone-administered behavioral therapy for panic disorder with agoraphobia. Behaviour research and therapy 1995;33(4):465-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Telch, 1993",
          "ref": "Telch MJ, Lucas JA, Schmidt NB, et al. Group cognitive-behavioral treatment of panic disorder. Behaviour research and therapy 1993;31(3):279-87."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wollburg, 2011",
          "ref": "Wollburg E, Roth WT, Kim S. Effects of breathing training on voluntary hypo- and hyperventilation in patients with panic disorder and episodic anxiety. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback 2011;36:81–91."
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Carter, 2003",
          "ref": "Carter MM, Sbrocco T, Gore KL, et al. Cognitive-behavioral group therapy versus a wait-list control in the treatment of African American women with panic disorder. Cognitive therapy and research 2003;27(5):505‐18."
        },
        {
          "study": "Craske, 1995",
          "ref": "Craske MG, Maidenberg E, Bystritsky A. Brief cognitive-behavioral versus nondirective therapy for panic disorder. Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry 1995;26(2):113-20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Craske, 2005",
          "ref": "Craske MG, Lang AJ, Aikins D, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy for nocturnal panic. Behavior therapy 2005;36(1):43‐54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gould, 1993",
          "ref": "Gould RA, Clum GA, Shapiro D. The use of bibliotherapy in the treatment of panic: A preliminary investigation. Behavior Therapy 1993;24(2):241-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Griegel, 1995",
          "ref": "Griegel LE. Breathing retraining in panic disorder: physiological mechanisms or perceived controllability. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering 1995;55(9):4120."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hazen 1996",
          "ref": "Hazen AL,Walker JR, Eldridge GD. Anxiety sensitivity and treatment outcome in panic disorder. Anxiety 1996;2(1):34–9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Petterson, 1996",
          "ref": "Petterson K, Cesare S. Panic disorder: a cognitive behavioural approach to treatment. Counselling Psychology Quarterly 1996;9(2):191–201."
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy-Byrne, 2005",
          "ref": "Roy-Byrne PP, Craske MG, Stein MB, et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and medication for primary care panic disorder. Archives of general psychiatry 2005;62(3):290-8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schmidt, 1997b",
          "ref": "Schmidt NB, Trakowski JH, Staab JP. Extinction of panicogenic effects of a 35% CO2 challenge in patients with panic disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1997; 106(4):630–8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shear, 1994",
          "ref": "Shear MK, Pilkonis PA, Cloitre M, et al. Cognitive behavioral treatment compared with nonprescriptive treatment of panic disorder. Archives of general psychiatry 1994;51(5):395-401."
        },
        {
          "study": "Swinson, 1995",
          "ref": "Swinson RP, Fergus KD, Cox BJ, et al. Efficacy of telephone-administered behavioral therapy for panic disorder with agoraphobia. Behaviour research and therapy 1995;33(4):465-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Telch, 1993",
          "ref": "Telch MJ, Lucas JA, Schmidt NB, et al. Group cognitive-behavioral treatment of panic disorder. Behaviour research and therapy 1993;31(3):279-87."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wollburg, 2011",
          "ref": "Wollburg E, Roth WT, Kim S. Effects of breathing training on voluntary hypo- and hyperventilation in patients with panic disorder and episodic anxiety. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback 2011;36:81–91."
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    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Carter, 2003",
          "ref": "Carter MM, Sbrocco T, Gore KL, et al. Cognitive-behavioral group therapy versus a wait-list control in the treatment of African American women with panic disorder. Cognitive therapy and research 2003;27(5):505‐18."
        },
        {
          "study": "Craske, 1995",
          "ref": "Craske MG, Maidenberg E, Bystritsky A. Brief cognitive-behavioral versus nondirective therapy for panic disorder. Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry 1995;26(2):113-20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Craske, 2005",
          "ref": "Craske MG, Lang AJ, Aikins D, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy for nocturnal panic. Behavior therapy 2005;36(1):43‐54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gould, 1993",
          "ref": "Gould RA, Clum GA, Shapiro D. The use of bibliotherapy in the treatment of panic: A preliminary investigation. Behavior Therapy 1993;24(2):241-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Griegel, 1995",
          "ref": "Griegel LE. Breathing retraining in panic disorder: physiological mechanisms or perceived controllability. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering 1995;55(9):4120."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hazen 1996",
          "ref": "Hazen AL,Walker JR, Eldridge GD. Anxiety sensitivity and treatment outcome in panic disorder. Anxiety 1996;2(1):34–9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Petterson, 1996",
          "ref": "Petterson K, Cesare S. Panic disorder: a cognitive behavioural approach to treatment. Counselling Psychology Quarterly 1996;9(2):191–201."
        },
        {
          "study": "Roy-Byrne, 2005",
          "ref": "Roy-Byrne PP, Craske MG, Stein MB, et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and medication for primary care panic disorder. Archives of general psychiatry 2005;62(3):290-8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schmidt, 1997b",
          "ref": "Schmidt NB, Trakowski JH, Staab JP. Extinction of panicogenic effects of a 35% CO2 challenge in patients with panic disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1997; 106(4):630–8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shear, 1994",
          "ref": "Shear MK, Pilkonis PA, Cloitre M, et al. Cognitive behavioral treatment compared with nonprescriptive treatment of panic disorder. Archives of general psychiatry 1994;51(5):395-401."
        },
        {
          "study": "Swinson, 1995",
          "ref": "Swinson RP, Fergus KD, Cox BJ, et al. Efficacy of telephone-administered behavioral therapy for panic disorder with agoraphobia. Behaviour research and therapy 1995;33(4):465-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Telch, 1993",
          "ref": "Telch MJ, Lucas JA, Schmidt NB, et al. Group cognitive-behavioral treatment of panic disorder. Behaviour research and therapy 1993;31(3):279-87."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wollburg, 2011",
          "ref": "Wollburg E, Roth WT, Kim S. Effects of breathing training on voluntary hypo- and hyperventilation in patients with panic disorder and episodic anxiety. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback 2011;36:81–91."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 74,
      "instr": "BAI",
      "full": "Beck Anxiety Inventory",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
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      "k": 40,
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      "sd": 9.714,
      "lo": 8.89,
      "hi": 10.614,
      "tau2": 0.0736,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 5.666,
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      "i2": 93.5,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 75,
      "instr": "BAI",
      "full": "Beck Anxiety Inventory",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Three-level CHE model",
      "k": 40,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 9.734,
      "lo": 8.891,
      "hi": 10.656,
      "tau2": 0.0672,
      "tau2w": 0.0054,
      "plo": 5.698,
      "phi": 16.627,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 76,
      "instr": "BAI",
      "full": "Beck Anxiety Inventory",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Fixed-effect",
      "k": 40,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 10.088,
      "lo": 9.869,
      "hi": 10.312,
      "tau2": null,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": null,
      "phi": null,
      "i2": 92.6,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 77,
      "instr": "BAI",
      "full": "Beck Anxiety Inventory",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Outliers removed (sensitivity)",
      "k": 25,
      "k_es": 30,
      "sd": 10.073,
      "lo": 9.542,
      "hi": 10.635,
      "tau2": 0.0112,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 8.129,
      "phi": 12.483,
      "i2": 65.7,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 78,
      "instr": "BAI",
      "full": "Beck Anxiety Inventory",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Influence analysis (sensitivity)",
      "k": 40,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 9.714,
      "lo": 8.89,
      "hi": 10.614,
      "tau2": 0.0736,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 5.666,
      "phi": 16.655,
      "i2": 93.5,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        }
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "BAI",
      "full": "Beck Anxiety Inventory",
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      "sg": "Age group",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        }
      ]
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    {
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      "sgv": "No comorbidity",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 84,
      "instr": "BAI",
      "full": "Beck Anxiety Inventory",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Comorbidity",
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      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 40,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 9.734,
      "lo": 8.891,
      "hi": 10.656,
      "tau2": 0.0672,
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      "phi": 16.627,
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      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        }
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    },
    {
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      "i2": 93.1,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        }
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        }
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
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        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "BAI",
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      "indication": null,
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      "sgv": "Waitlist",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
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          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
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          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
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          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
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        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
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          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
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        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
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        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
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        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
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          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
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          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
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          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
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          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
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          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
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          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
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          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
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          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
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          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
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        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
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          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
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          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
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          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
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        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        }
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        }
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        }
      ]
    },
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        }
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        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        }
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        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        }
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        }
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    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
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          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
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          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
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        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
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          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
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          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
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          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
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        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nordahl, 2018",
          "ref": "Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., . . . Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych Open, 4(5), 393-400. doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Roberge, 2022",
          "ref": "Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., Gaboury, I., Gosselin, P., Vasiliadis, H. M., Benoît, A., . . . Norton, P. J. (2022). Group transdiagnostic cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004316"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 115,
      "instr": "BAI",
      "full": "Beck Anxiety Inventory",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Not low risk of bias",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 36,
      "k_es": 46,
      "sd": 9.627,
      "lo": 8.753,
      "hi": 10.589,
      "tau2": 0.0762,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 5.557,
      "phi": 16.678,
      "i2": 93.2,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Hasani J. Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Contemp Psychother. 2020;50(4):305-312. doi:10.1007/ s10879-020-09461-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
          "ref": "Afshari B, Jafarian Dehkordi F, Asgharnejad Farid AA, et al. Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2022;44:e20200156. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0156"
        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
          "ref": "Alavi, N., & Hirji, A. (2020). The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 26(2), 89-100. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000455"
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Roch-Norlund, P., Ostman, G., Norgren, A., Almlov, J., . . . Silverberg, F. (2012). Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom, 81(6), 344-355. doi:10.1159/000339371"
        },
        {
          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
          "ref": "Artiran M, DiGiuseppe R. Rational emotive behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther. 2022;40(2):206-233. doi:10. 1007/s10942-021-00408-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2007",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo, L., Andersson, G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry, 190, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020107 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2011",
          "ref": "Carlbring, P., Maurin, L., Törngren, C., Linna, E., Eriksson, T., Sparthan, E., . . . Andersson, G. (2011). Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2006",
          "ref": "Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Dahlin, 2016",
          "ref": "Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjogren, J., Hakansson, A., . . . Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 77, 86-95. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Doyle, 2017",
          "ref": "Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, et al. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. British journal of health psychology [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-01402597/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Erickson, 2007",
          "ref": "Erickson, D. H., Janeck, A. S., & Tallman, K. (2007). A cognitive-behavioral group for patients with various anxiety disorders. Psychiatric Services, 58(9), 1205-1211."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fenger, 2020",
          "ref": "Fenger, M., Lindschou, J., Gluud, C., Winkel, P., Jørgensen, L., Dybkjaer, J. H., & Lau, M. (2020). Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial. Nord J Psychiatry, 74(7), 518-524. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1755363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
        {
          "study": "Himle, 2014",
          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Hui, 2017",
          "ref": "Hui, C., & Zhihui, Y. (2017). Group cognitive behavioral therapy targeting intolerance of uncertainty: a randomized trial for older Chinese adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health, 21(12), 1294-1302. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1222349"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
          "ref": "Levy Berg, A., Sandell, R., & Sandahl, C. (2009). Affect-focused body psychotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation of an integrative method. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19, 67-85. doi:10.1037/a0015324"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schroder, 2017",
          "ref": "Schroder, J., Jelinek, L., & Moritz, S. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic Internet intervention for individuals with panic and phobias - One size fits all. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 54, 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.05.002"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Stangier, 2003",
          "ref": "Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther, 41(9), 991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00176-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
          "ref": "Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E. A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(5):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2020",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Afshari, 2022",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Alavi, 2020",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2006",
          "ref": "Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Holmstrom, A., Sparthan, E., Furmark, T., Nilsson-Ihrfelt, E., Buhrman, M., & Ekselius, L. (2006). Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 74(4), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.677 "
        },
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          "study": "Andersson, 2012",
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        },
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          "study": "Artiran, 2022",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
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          "ref": "Himle, J. A., Bybee, D., Steinberger, E., Laviolette, W. T., Weaver, A., Vlnka, S., Golenberg, Z., Levine, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & O'Donnell, L. A. (2014). Work-related CBT versus vocational services as usual for unemployed persons with social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Behav Res Ther, 63, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.005 "
        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
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          "study": "Levy Berg, 2009",
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        },
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          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
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          "study": "Mohlman, 2003",
          "ref": "Mohlman, J., Gorenstein, E. E., Kleber, M., De Jesus, M., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (2003). Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: Two pilot investigations. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/00019442-200301000-00005"
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wells, 2010",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2016",
          "ref": "Wong, S. Y., Yip, B. H., Mak, W. W., Mercer, S., Cheung, E. Y., Ling, C. Y., . . . Ma, H. S. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry, 209(1), 68-75. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zinbarg, 2007",
          "ref": "Zinbarg, R. E., Lee, J. E., & Yoon, K. L. (2007). Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a \"spoonful of sugar\" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help. Behav Res Ther, 45(4), 699-713. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.005"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
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          "study": "Aagaard, 2017",
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        },
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        },
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 118,
      "instr": "BDI-I",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory I",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Three-level CHE model",
      "k": 94,
      "k_es": 142,
      "sd": 8.074,
      "lo": 7.388,
      "hi": 8.823,
      "tau2": 0.176,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 3.532,
      "phi": 18.458,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 119,
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      "indication": null,
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      "sd": 7.515,
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      "hi": 7.647,
      "tau2": null,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": null,
      "phi": null,
      "i2": 98.4,
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      "refs": [
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 120,
      "instr": "BDI-I",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory I",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Outliers removed (sensitivity)",
      "k": 58,
      "k_es": 88,
      "sd": 7.942,
      "lo": 7.638,
      "hi": 8.258,
      "tau2": 0.0117,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 6.405,
      "phi": 9.849,
      "i2": 54.8,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Haakana, 2024",
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        },
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          "study": "Hagen, 2017",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Hamamci, 2006",
          "ref": "Hamamci Z. Integrating psychodrama and cognitive behavioral therapy to treat moderate depression. Arts in Psychotherapy. 2006;33(3):199-207."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hamdan-Mansour, 2009",
          "ref": "Hamdan-Mansour AM, Puskar K, Bandak AG. Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on depressive symptomatology, stress and coping strategies among Jordanian university students. Issues in mental health nursing. 2009;30(3):188-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamison, 1995",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Simpson, 2003",
          "ref": "Simpson S, Corney R, Beecham J. A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of psychodynamic counselling for general practice patients with chronic depression. Psychological Medicine. 2003;33(2):229-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Swartz, 2008",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 2009",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Teichman, 1995",
          "ref": "Teichman Y, Bar-el Z, Shor H, Sirota P, Elizur A. A comparison of two modalities of cognitive therapy (individual and marital) in treating depression. Psychiatry. 1995;58(2):136-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Verduyn, 2003",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wilson, 1983",
          "ref": "Wilson PH, Goldin JC, Charbonneau-Powis M. Comparative efficacy of behavioral and cognitive treatments of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1983;7(2):111-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wollersheim, 1991",
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 121,
      "instr": "BDI-I",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory I",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Influence analysis (sensitivity)",
      "k": 93,
      "k_es": 141,
      "sd": 8.356,
      "lo": 7.858,
      "hi": 8.886,
      "tau2": 0.08,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 4.784,
      "phi": 14.597,
      "i2": 91.1,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "i2": 96.6,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Nezu, 1986",
          "ref": "Nezu AM. Efficacy of a social problem-solving therapy approach for unipolar depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1986;54(2):196-202."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nezu, 1989",
          "ref": "Nezu AM, Perri MG. Social problem-solving therapy for unipolar depression: An initial dismantling investigation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989;57(3):408-13."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Hara, 2000",
          "ref": "O'Hara MW, Stuart S, Gorman LL, Wenzel A. Efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2000;57(11):1039-45."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pardini, 2014 (study 1)",
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      ]
    },
    {
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      "tau2": 0.176,
      "tau2w": 0,
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      "phi": 18.458,
      "i2": null,
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      ]
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        {
          "study": "Arean, 1993",
          "ref": "Arean PA, Perri MG, Nezu AM, Schein RL, Christopher F, Joseph TX. Comparative effectiveness of social problem-solving therapy and reminiscence therapy as treatments for depression in older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1993;61(6):1003-10."
        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Dobkin, 2011",
          "ref": "Dobkin RD, Menza M, Allen LA, Gara MA, Mark MH, Tiu J, et al. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression in Parkinson's disease: A randomized, controlled trial. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2011;168(10):1066-74."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dobkin, 2020",
          "ref": "Dobkin RD, Mann SL, Gara MA, Interian A, Rodriguez KM, Menza M. Telephone-based cognitive behavioral therapy for depression in Parkinson disease: A randomized controlled trial. Neurology. 2020;94(16):e1764-e1773."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freedland, 2009",
          "ref": "Freedland KE, Skala JA, Carney RM, Rubin EH, Lustman PJ, D·vila-Rom·n VG, et al. Treatment of depression after coronary artery bypass surgery: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2009;66(4):387-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gellis, 2010",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1987",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Hamblin D, Beutler L. Bibliotherapy for depressed older adults: A self-help alternative. The Gerontologist. 1987;27(3):383-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 2009",
          "ref": "Taylor CB, Conrad A, Wilhelm FH, Strachowski D, Khaylis A, Neri E, et al. Does improving mood in depressed patients alter factors that may affect cardiovascular disease risk? Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2009;43(16):1246-52."
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      "refs": [
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      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Demir, 2022",
          "ref": "Demir, S., & Ercan, F. (2022). The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy-based group counseling on depressive symptomatology, anxiety levels, automatic thoughts, and coping ways Turkish nursing students: A randomized controlled trial. Perspectives in psychiatric care. doi:10.1111/ppc.13073"
        },
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          "study": "Hamamci, 2006",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Pace, 1993",
          "ref": "Pace TM, Dixon DN. Changes in depressive self-schemata and depressive symptoms following cognitive therapy. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 1993;40(3):288."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pecheur, 1984",
          "ref": "Pecheur DR, Edwards KJ. A comparison of secular and religious versions of cognitive therapy with depressed Christian college students. Journal of Psychology and Theology. 1984."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rohde, 2016",
          "ref": "Rohde P, Stice E, Shaw H, Gau JM. Pilot trial of a dissonance-based cognitive-behavioral group depression prevention with college students. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2016;82:21-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 1977",
          "ref": "Taylor FG, Marshall WL. Experimental analysis of a cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1977;1(1):59-72."
        }
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    },
    {
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 128,
      "instr": "BDI-I",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory I",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Comorbidity",
      "sgv": "No comorbidity",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 86,
      "k_es": 133,
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      "lo": 7.331,
      "hi": 8.833,
      "tau2": 0.1826,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.464,
      "phi": 18.691,
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      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 129,
      "instr": "BDI-I",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory I",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Comorbidity",
      "sgv": "No comorbidity",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 94,
      "k_es": 142,
      "sd": 8.074,
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      "hi": 8.823,
      "tau2": 0.176,
      "tau2w": 0,
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      "phi": 18.458,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 130,
      "instr": "BDI-I",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory I",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Control condition",
      "sgv": "Care as usual",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 36,
      "k_es": 47,
      "sd": 8.543,
      "lo": 7.815,
      "hi": 9.339,
      "tau2": 0.0653,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 5.137,
      "phi": 14.207,
      "i2": 91.6,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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        },
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          "study": "Hassiotis, 2013",
          "ref": "Hassiotis A, Serfaty M, Azam K, Strydom A, Blizard R, Romeo R, et al. Manualised individual cognitive behavioural therapy for mood disorders in people with mild to moderate intellectual disability: A feasibility randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;151(1):186-95."
        },
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          "study": "Hemanny, 2019",
          "ref": "Hemanny, C., Carvalho, C., Maia, N., Reis, D., Botelho, A. C., Bonavides, D., . . . De Oliveira, I. R. (2019). Efficacy of trial-based cognitive therapy, behavioral activation and treatment as usual in the treatment of major depressive disorder: Preliminary findings from a randomized clinical trial. CNS Spectrums. doi:10.1017/S1092852919001457"
        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Lynch, 2004",
          "ref": "Lynch D, Tamburrino M, Nagel R, Smith MK. Telephone-based treatment for family practice patients with mild depression. Psychological reports. 2004;94(3 Pt 1):785-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Michalak, 2015",
          "ref": "Michalak J, Schultze M, Heidenreich T, Schramm E. A randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and a group version of cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy for chronically depressed patients. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(5):951-63."
        },
        {
          "study": "Poleshuck, 2014",
          "ref": "Poleshuck EL, Gamble SA, Bellenger K, Lu N, Tu X, Sorensen S, et al. Randomized controlled trial of interpersonal psychotherapy versus enhanced treatment as usual for women with co-occurring depression and pelvic pain. Journal of psychosomatic research. 2014;77(4):264-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Propst, 1992",
          "ref": "Propst LR, Ostrom R, Watkins P, Dean T, Mashburn D. Comparative efficacy of religious and nonreligious cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of clinical depression in religious individuals. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1992;60(1):94-103."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Salkovskis, 2006",
          "ref": "Salkovskis P, Rimes K, Stephenson D, Sacks G, Scott J. A randomized controlled trial of the use of self-help materials in addition to standard general practice treatment of depression compared to standard treatment alone. Psychological Medicine. 2006;36(03):325-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1997",
          "ref": "Scott C, Tacchi MJ, Jones R, Scott J. Acute and one-year outcome of a randomised controlled trial of brief cognitive therapy for major depressive disorder in primary care. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1997;171:131-4."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simoni, 2013",
          "ref": "Simoni JM, Wiebe JS, Sauceda JA, Huh D, Sanchez G, Longoria V, et al. A preliminary RCT of CBT-AD for adherence and depression among HIV-positive Latinos on the U.S.-Mexico border: The Nuevo Dia study. AIDS and behavior. 2013;17(8):2816-29."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson, 2003",
          "ref": "Simpson S, Corney R, Beecham J. A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of psychodynamic counselling for general practice patients with chronic depression. Psychological Medicine. 2003;33(2):229-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah, 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: a randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179-189."
        },
        {
          "study": "Swartz, 2008",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Verduyn, 2003",
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "tau2w": 0,
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      "refs": [
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      "refs": [
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      "id": 133,
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      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory I",
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          "ref": "Poleshuck EL, Gamble SA, Bellenger K, Lu N, Tu X, Sorensen S, et al. Randomized controlled trial of interpersonal psychotherapy versus enhanced treatment as usual for women with co-occurring depression and pelvic pain. Journal of psychosomatic research. 2014;77(4):264-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Power, 2012",
          "ref": "Power MJ, Freeman C. A randomized controlled trial of IPT versus CBT in primary care: With some cautionary notes about handling missing values in clinical trials. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2012;19(2):159-69."
        },
        {
          "study": "Propst, 1992",
          "ref": "Propst LR, Ostrom R, Watkins P, Dean T, Mashburn D. Comparative efficacy of religious and nonreligious cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of clinical depression in religious individuals. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1992;60(1):94-103."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rehm, 1981",
          "ref": "Rehm LP, Kornblith SJ, O'Hara MW, Lamparski DM, Romano JM, Volkin JI. An evaluation of major components in a self-control therapy program for depression. Behavior modification. 1981;5(4):459-89."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rohde, 2016",
          "ref": "Rohde P, Stice E, Shaw H, Gau JM. Pilot trial of a dissonance-based cognitive-behavioral group depression prevention with college students. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2016;82:21-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ross, 1985",
          "ref": "Ross M, Scott M. An evaluation of the effectiveness of individual and group cognitive therapy in the treatment of depressed patients in an inner city health centre. The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners. 1985;35(274):239-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ruwaard, 2009",
          "ref": "Ruwaard J, Schrieken B, Schrijver M, Broeksteeg J, Dekker J, Vermeulen H, et al. Standardized web-based cognitive behavioural therapy of mild to moderate depression: A randomized controlled trial with a long-term follow-up. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. 2009;38(4):206-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2009",
          "ref": "Safren SA, O'Cleirigh C, Tan JY, Raminani SR, Reilly LC, Otto MW, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for adherence and depression (CBT-AD) in HIV-infected individuals. Health Psychology. 2009;28(1):1-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Salkovskis, 2006",
          "ref": "Salkovskis P, Rimes K, Stephenson D, Sacks G, Scott J. A randomized controlled trial of the use of self-help materials in addition to standard general practice treatment of depression compared to standard treatment alone. Psychological Medicine. 2006;36(03):325-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Savard, 2006",
          "ref": "Savard J, Simard S, Giguere I, Ivers H, Morin CM, Maunsell E, et al. Randomized clinical trial on cognitive therapy for depression in women with metastatic breast cancer: Psychological and immunological effects. Palliative and Supportive Care. 2006;4(3):219-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schmidt, 1983",
          "ref": "Schmidt MM, Miller WR. Amount of therapist contact and outcome in a multidimensional depression treatment program. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1983;67(5):319-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schramm, 2020",
          "ref": "Schramm E, Mack S, Thiel N, Jenkner C, Elsaesser M, Fangmeier T. Interpersonal psychotherapy vs treatment as usual for major depression related to work stress: A pilot randomized controlled study. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2020;11."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1987",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Hamblin D, Beutler L. Bibliotherapy for depressed older adults: A self-help alternative. The Gerontologist. 1987;27(3):383-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1990",
          "ref": "Scott MJ, Stradling SG. Group cognitive therapy for depression produces clinically significant reliable change in community-based settings. Behavioural Psychotherapy. 1990;18(01):1-19."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1997",
          "ref": "Scott C, Tacchi MJ, Jones R, Scott J. Acute and one-year outcome of a randomised controlled trial of brief cognitive therapy for major depressive disorder in primary care. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1997;171:131-4."
        },
        {
          "study": "Selmi, 1990",
          "ref": "Selmi PM, Klein MH, Greist JH, Sorrell SP, Erdman HP. Computer-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1990;147(1):51-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheeber, 2012",
          "ref": "Sheeber LB, Seeley JR, Feil EG, Davis B, Sorensen E, Kosty DB, et al. Development and pilot evaluation of an Internet-facilitated cognitive-behavioral intervention for maternal depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2012;80(5):739-49."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simoni, 2013",
          "ref": "Simoni JM, Wiebe JS, Sauceda JA, Huh D, Sanchez G, Longoria V, et al. A preliminary RCT of CBT-AD for adherence and depression among HIV-positive Latinos on the U.S.-Mexico border: The Nuevo Dia study. AIDS and behavior. 2013;17(8):2816-29."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson, 2003",
          "ref": "Simpson S, Corney R, Beecham J. A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of psychodynamic counselling for general practice patients with chronic depression. Psychological Medicine. 2003;33(2):229-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah, 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: a randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179-189."
        },
        {
          "study": "Swartz, 2008",
          "ref": "Swartz HA, Frank E, Zuckoff A, Cyranowski JM, Houck PR, Cheng Y, et al. Brief interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed mothers whose children are receiving psychiatric treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;165(9):1155-62."
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 1977",
          "ref": "Taylor FG, Marshall WL. Experimental analysis of a cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1977;1(1):59-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 2009",
          "ref": "Taylor CB, Conrad A, Wilhelm FH, Strachowski D, Khaylis A, Neri E, et al. Does improving mood in depressed patients alter factors that may affect cardiovascular disease risk? Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2009;43(16):1246-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Teichman, 1995",
          "ref": "Teichman Y, Bar-el Z, Shor H, Sirota P, Elizur A. A comparison of two modalities of cognitive therapy (individual and marital) in treating depression. Psychiatry. 1995;58(2):136-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Verduyn, 2003",
          "ref": "Verduyn C, Barrowclough C, Roberts J, Tarrier N, Harrington R. Maternal depression and child behaviour problems: Randomised placebo-controlled trial of a cognitive-behavioural group intervention. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;183(OCT.):342-8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vernmark, 2010",
          "ref": "Vernmark K, Lenndin J, Bjärehed J, Carlsson M, Karlsson J, Oberg J, et al. Internet administered guided self-help versus individualized e-mail therapy: A randomized trial of two versions of CBT for major depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2010;48(5):368-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilson, 1983",
          "ref": "Wilson PH, Goldin JC, Charbonneau-Powis M. Comparative efficacy of behavioral and cognitive treatments of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1983;7(2):111-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wollersheim, 1991",
          "ref": "Wollersheim JP, Wilson GL. Group treatment of unipolar depression: A comparison of coping, supportive, bibliotherapy, and delayed treatment groups. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. 1991;22(6):496."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2008a",
          "ref": "Wong DF. Cognitive and health-related outcomes of group cognitive behavioural treatment for people with depressive symptoms in Hong Kong: Randomized wait-list control study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;42(8):702-11."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2008b",
          "ref": "Wong DF. Cognitive behavioral treatment groups for people with chronic depression in Hong Kong: A randomized wait-list control design. Depression and anxiety. 2008;25(2):142-8."
        }
      ]
    },
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Arean, 1993",
          "ref": "Arean PA, Perri MG, Nezu AM, Schein RL, Christopher F, Joseph TX. Comparative effectiveness of social problem-solving therapy and reminiscence therapy as treatments for depression in older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1993;61(6):1003-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ayen, 2004",
          "ref": "Ayen I, Hautzinger M. Cognitive behavior therapy for depression in menopausal women. A controlled, randomized treatment study. Zeitschrift fur Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie. 2004;33(4):290-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barlow, 1984",
          "ref": "Barlow, D. H., Cohen, A. S., Waddell, M. T., Vermilyea, B. B., Klosko, J. S., Blanchard, E. B., & Di Nardo, P. A. (1984). Panic and generalized anxiety disorders: Nature and treatment. Behavior Therapy, 15(5), 431-449. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(84)80048-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Beach, 1992",
          "ref": "Beach SR, O'Leary KD. Treating depression in the context of marital discord: Outcome and predictors of response of marital therapy versus cognitive therapy. Behavior Therapy. 1992;23(4):507-28."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bowman, 1995",
          "ref": "Bowman D, Scogin F, Lyrene B. The efficacy of self-examination therapy and cognitive bibliotherapy in the treatment of mild to moderate depression. Psychotherapy Research. 1995;5(2):131-40."
        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
        {
          "study": "Choi, 2012",
          "ref": "Choi I, Zou J, Titov N, Dear BF, Li S, Johnston L, et al. Culturally attuned Internet treatment for depression amongst Chinese Australians: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2012;136(3):459-68."
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2008",
          "ref": "Clark R, Tluczek A, Brown R. A mother–infant therapy group model for postpartum depression. Infant Mental Health Journal. 2008;29(5):514-36."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dobkin, 2011",
          "ref": "Dobkin RD, Menza M, Allen LA, Gara MA, Mark MH, Tiu J, et al. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression in Parkinson's disease: A randomized, controlled trial. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2011;168(10):1066-74."
        },
        {
          "study": "Embling, 2002",
          "ref": "Embling S. The effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy in depression. Nursing Standard. 2002;17(14-15):33-41."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hagen, 2017",
          "ref": "Hagen, R., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., Kennair, L. E. O., Nordahl, H. M., Fisher, P., & Wells, A. (2017). Metacognitive therapy for depression in adults: A waiting list randomized controlled trial with six months follow-up. Frontiers in Psychology, 8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Harley, 2008",
          "ref": "Harley R, Sprich S, Safren S, Jacobo M, Fava M. Adaptation of dialectical behavior therapy skills training group for treatment-resistant depression. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 2008;196(2):136-43."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamison, 1995",
          "ref": "Jamison C, Scogin F. The outcome of cognitive bibliotherapy with depressed adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1995;63(4):644-50."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kessler, 2009",
          "ref": "Kessler D, Lewis G, Kaur S, Wiles N, King M, Weich S, et al. Therapist-delivered Internet psychotherapy for depression in primary care: A randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009;374(9690):628-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kitchiner, 2009",
          "ref": "Kitchiner, N. J., Edwards, D., Wood, S., Sainsbury, S., Hewin, P., Burnard, P., & Bisson, J. I. (2009). A randomized controlled trial comparing an adult education class using cognitive behavioural therapy \"stress control\", anxiety management group treatment and a waiting list for anxiety disorders. Journal of Mental Health, 18(4), 307-315. doi:10.1080/09638230802052153"
        },
        {
          "study": "Landreville, 1997",
          "ref": "Landreville P, Bissonnette L. Effects of cognitive bibliotherapy for depressed older adults with a disability. Clinical Gerontologist. 1997;17(4):35-55."
        },
        {
          "study": "Larcombe, 1984",
          "ref": "Larcombe NA, Wilson PH. An evaluation of cognitive-behaviour therapy for depression in patients with multiple sclerosis. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1984;145:366-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Malouff, 1988",
          "ref": "Malouff JM, Lanyon RI, Schutte NS. Effectiveness of a brief group RET treatment for divorce-related dysphoria. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. 1988;6(3):162-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mead, 2005",
          "ref": "Mead N, MacDonald W, Bower P, Lovell K, Richards D, Roberts C, et al. The clinical effectiveness of guided self-help versus waiting-list control in the management of anxiety and depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2005;35(11):1633-43."
        },
        {
          "study": "Moon, 2021",
          "ref": "Moon, J. R., Huh, J., Song, J., Kang, I. S., Park, S. W., Chang, S. A., . . . Han, J. S. (2021). The effects of rational emotive behavior therapy for depressive symptoms in adults with congenital heart disease. Heart Lung, 50(6), 906-913. doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2021.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mukhtar, 2011",
          "ref": "Mukhtar, F., Oei, T. P., & Yaacob, M. (2011). Effectiveness of group cognitive behaviour therapy augmentation in reducing negative cognitions in the treatment of depression in Malaysia. ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 12(1), 50-65. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Nezu, 1986",
          "ref": "Nezu AM. Efficacy of a social problem-solving therapy approach for unipolar depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1986;54(2):196-202."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nezu, 1989",
          "ref": "Nezu AM, Perri MG. Social problem-solving therapy for unipolar depression: An initial dismantling investigation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989;57(3):408-13."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Hara, 2000",
          "ref": "O'Hara MW, Stuart S, Gorman LL, Wenzel A. Efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2000;57(11):1039-45."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pace, 1993",
          "ref": "Pace TM, Dixon DN. Changes in depressive self-schemata and depressive symptoms following cognitive therapy. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 1993;40(3):288."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pardini, 2014 (study 1)",
          "ref": "Pardini J, Scogin F, Schriver J, Domino M, Wilson D, LaRocca M. Efficacy and process of cognitive bibliotherapy for the treatment of depression in jail and prison inmates. Psychological services 2014-11(2): 141-52. (study1)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pecheur, 1984",
          "ref": "Pecheur DR, Edwards KJ. A comparison of secular and religious versions of cognitive therapy with depressed Christian college students. Journal of Psychology and Theology. 1984."
        },
        {
          "study": "Power, 2012",
          "ref": "Power MJ, Freeman C. A randomized controlled trial of IPT versus CBT in primary care: With some cautionary notes about handling missing values in clinical trials. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2012;19(2):159-69."
        },
        {
          "study": "Propst, 1992",
          "ref": "Propst LR, Ostrom R, Watkins P, Dean T, Mashburn D. Comparative efficacy of religious and nonreligious cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of clinical depression in religious individuals. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1992;60(1):94-103."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rehm, 1981",
          "ref": "Rehm LP, Kornblith SJ, O'Hara MW, Lamparski DM, Romano JM, Volkin JI. An evaluation of major components in a self-control therapy program for depression. Behavior modification. 1981;5(4):459-89."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ross, 1985",
          "ref": "Ross M, Scott M. An evaluation of the effectiveness of individual and group cognitive therapy in the treatment of depressed patients in an inner city health centre. The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners. 1985;35(274):239-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ruwaard, 2009",
          "ref": "Ruwaard J, Schrieken B, Schrijver M, Broeksteeg J, Dekker J, Vermeulen H, et al. Standardized web-based cognitive behavioural therapy of mild to moderate depression: A randomized controlled trial with a long-term follow-up. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. 2009;38(4):206-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2009",
          "ref": "Safren SA, O'Cleirigh C, Tan JY, Raminani SR, Reilly LC, Otto MW, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for adherence and depression (CBT-AD) in HIV-infected individuals. Health Psychology. 2009;28(1):1-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Savard, 2006",
          "ref": "Savard J, Simard S, Giguere I, Ivers H, Morin CM, Maunsell E, et al. Randomized clinical trial on cognitive therapy for depression in women with metastatic breast cancer: Psychological and immunological effects. Palliative and Supportive Care. 2006;4(3):219-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schmidt, 1983",
          "ref": "Schmidt MM, Miller WR. Amount of therapist contact and outcome in a multidimensional depression treatment program. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1983;67(5):319-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schramm, 2020",
          "ref": "Schramm E, Mack S, Thiel N, Jenkner C, Elsaesser M, Fangmeier T. Interpersonal psychotherapy vs treatment as usual for major depression related to work stress: A pilot randomized controlled study. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2020;11."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1987",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Hamblin D, Beutler L. Bibliotherapy for depressed older adults: A self-help alternative. The Gerontologist. 1987;27(3):383-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1990",
          "ref": "Scott MJ, Stradling SG. Group cognitive therapy for depression produces clinically significant reliable change in community-based settings. Behavioural Psychotherapy. 1990;18(01):1-19."
        },
        {
          "study": "Selmi, 1990",
          "ref": "Selmi PM, Klein MH, Greist JH, Sorrell SP, Erdman HP. Computer-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1990;147(1):51-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheeber, 2012",
          "ref": "Sheeber LB, Seeley JR, Feil EG, Davis B, Sorensen E, Kosty DB, et al. Development and pilot evaluation of an Internet-facilitated cognitive-behavioral intervention for maternal depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2012;80(5):739-49."
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 1977",
          "ref": "Taylor FG, Marshall WL. Experimental analysis of a cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1977;1(1):59-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 2009",
          "ref": "Taylor CB, Conrad A, Wilhelm FH, Strachowski D, Khaylis A, Neri E, et al. Does improving mood in depressed patients alter factors that may affect cardiovascular disease risk? Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2009;43(16):1246-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Teichman, 1995",
          "ref": "Teichman Y, Bar-el Z, Shor H, Sirota P, Elizur A. A comparison of two modalities of cognitive therapy (individual and marital) in treating depression. Psychiatry. 1995;58(2):136-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vernmark, 2010",
          "ref": "Vernmark K, Lenndin J, Bjärehed J, Carlsson M, Karlsson J, Oberg J, et al. Internet administered guided self-help versus individualized e-mail therapy: A randomized trial of two versions of CBT for major depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2010;48(5):368-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilson, 1983",
          "ref": "Wilson PH, Goldin JC, Charbonneau-Powis M. Comparative efficacy of behavioral and cognitive treatments of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1983;7(2):111-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wollersheim, 1991",
          "ref": "Wollersheim JP, Wilson GL. Group treatment of unipolar depression: A comparison of coping, supportive, bibliotherapy, and delayed treatment groups. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. 1991;22(6):496."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2008a",
          "ref": "Wong DF. Cognitive and health-related outcomes of group cognitive behavioural treatment for people with depressive symptoms in Hong Kong: Randomized wait-list control study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;42(8):702-11."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2008b",
          "ref": "Wong DF. Cognitive behavioral treatment groups for people with chronic depression in Hong Kong: A randomized wait-list control design. Depression and anxiety. 2008;25(2):142-8."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Aagaard, 2017",
          "ref": "Aagaard, J., Foldager, L., Makki, A., Hansen, V., & M¸ller-Nielsen, K. (2017). The efficacy of psychoeducation on recurrent depression: a randomized trial with a 2-year follow-up. Nord J Psychiatry, 71(3), 223-229."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ahmadpanah, 2016",
          "ref": "Ahmadpanah, M., Paghale, S. J., Bakhtyari, A., Kaikhavani, S., Aghaei, E., Nazaribadie, M., . . . Brand, S. (2016). Effects of psychotherapy in combination with pharmacotherapy, when compared to pharmacotherapy only on blood pressure, depression, and anxiety in female patients with hypertension."
        },
        {
          "study": "Allart van Dam, 2003",
          "ref": "Allart-Van Dam E, Hosman CMH, Hoogduin CAL, Schaap CPDR. The coping with depression course: Short-term outcomes and mediating effects of a randomized controlled trial in the treatment of subclinical depression. Behavior Therapy. 2003;34(3):381-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2005",
          "ref": "Andersson G, Bergström J, Holländare F, Carlbring P, Kaldo V, Ekselius L. Internet-based self-help for depression: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2005;187(5):456-61."
        },
        {
          "study": "Arean, 1993",
          "ref": "Arean PA, Perri MG, Nezu AM, Schein RL, Christopher F, Joseph TX. Comparative effectiveness of social problem-solving therapy and reminiscence therapy as treatments for depression in older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1993;61(6):1003-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ayen, 2004",
          "ref": "Ayen I, Hautzinger M. Cognitive behavior therapy for depression in menopausal women. A controlled, randomized treatment study. Zeitschrift fur Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie. 2004;33(4):290-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barlow, 1984",
          "ref": "Barlow, D. H., Cohen, A. S., Waddell, M. T., Vermilyea, B. B., Klosko, J. S., Blanchard, E. B., & Di Nardo, P. A. (1984). Panic and generalized anxiety disorders: Nature and treatment. Behavior Therapy, 15(5), 431-449. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(84)80048-9"
        },
        {
          "study": "Beach, 1992",
          "ref": "Beach SR, O'Leary KD. Treating depression in the context of marital discord: Outcome and predictors of response of marital therapy versus cognitive therapy. Behavior Therapy. 1992;23(4):507-28."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bowman, 1995",
          "ref": "Bowman D, Scogin F, Lyrene B. The efficacy of self-examination therapy and cognitive bibliotherapy in the treatment of mild to moderate depression. Psychotherapy Research. 1995;5(2):131-40."
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenes, 2012",
          "ref": "Brenes, G. A., Miller, M. E., Williamson, J. D., McCall, W. V., Knudson, M., & Stanley, M. A. (2012). A randomized controlled trial of telephone-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy for late-life anxiety disorders. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 20(8), 707-716. doi:10.1097/JGP.0b013e31822ccd3e"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carta, 2012",
          "ref": "Carta MG, Petretto D, Adamo S, Bhat KM, Lecca ME, Mura G, et al. Counseling in primary care improves depression and quality of life. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health. 2012;8."
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      ]
    },
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      "refs": [
        {
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        },
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        },
        {
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          "ref": "Mukhtar, F., Oei, T. P., & Yaacob, M. (2011). Effectiveness of group cognitive behaviour therapy augmentation in reducing negative cognitions in the treatment of depression in Malaysia. ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 12(1), 50-65. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah, 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: a randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179-189."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2008a",
          "ref": "Wong DF. Cognitive and health-related outcomes of group cognitive behavioural treatment for people with depressive symptoms in Hong Kong: Randomized wait-list control study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;42(8):702-11."
        },
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory I",
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      "refs": [
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    {
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      "refs": [
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    {
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      "indication": null,
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      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
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      "k_es": 142,
      "sd": 8.074,
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          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lynch, 2004",
          "ref": "Lynch D, Tamburrino M, Nagel R, Smith MK. Telephone-based treatment for family practice patients with mild depression. Psychological reports. 2004;94(3 Pt 1):785-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Malouff, 1988",
          "ref": "Malouff JM, Lanyon RI, Schutte NS. Effectiveness of a brief group RET treatment for divorce-related dysphoria. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. 1988;6(3):162-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mead, 2005",
          "ref": "Mead N, MacDonald W, Bower P, Lovell K, Richards D, Roberts C, et al. The clinical effectiveness of guided self-help versus waiting-list control in the management of anxiety and depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2005;35(11):1633-43."
        },
        {
          "study": "Michalak, 2015",
          "ref": "Michalak J, Schultze M, Heidenreich T, Schramm E. A randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and a group version of cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy for chronically depressed patients. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(5):951-63."
        },
        {
          "study": "Moon, 2021",
          "ref": "Moon, J. R., Huh, J., Song, J., Kang, I. S., Park, S. W., Chang, S. A., . . . Han, J. S. (2021). The effects of rational emotive behavior therapy for depressive symptoms in adults with congenital heart disease. Heart Lung, 50(6), 906-913. doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2021.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mukhtar, 2011",
          "ref": "Mukhtar, F., Oei, T. P., & Yaacob, M. (2011). Effectiveness of group cognitive behaviour therapy augmentation in reducing negative cognitions in the treatment of depression in Malaysia. ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 12(1), 50-65. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mynors-Wallis, 1995",
          "ref": "Mynors-Wallis L, Gath D, Lloyd-Thomas A, Tomlinson D. Randomised controlled trial comparing problem solving treatment with amitriptyline and placebo for major depression in primary care. BMJ. 1995;310(6977):441-5."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nezu, 1986",
          "ref": "Nezu AM. Efficacy of a social problem-solving therapy approach for unipolar depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1986;54(2):196-202."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nezu, 1989",
          "ref": "Nezu AM, Perri MG. Social problem-solving therapy for unipolar depression: An initial dismantling investigation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989;57(3):408-13."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Hara, 2000",
          "ref": "O'Hara MW, Stuart S, Gorman LL, Wenzel A. Efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2000;57(11):1039-45."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pace, 1993",
          "ref": "Pace TM, Dixon DN. Changes in depressive self-schemata and depressive symptoms following cognitive therapy. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 1993;40(3):288."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pardini, 2014 (study 1)",
          "ref": "Pardini J, Scogin F, Schriver J, Domino M, Wilson D, LaRocca M. Efficacy and process of cognitive bibliotherapy for the treatment of depression in jail and prison inmates. Psychological services 2014-11(2): 141-52. (study1)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pecheur, 1984",
          "ref": "Pecheur DR, Edwards KJ. A comparison of secular and religious versions of cognitive therapy with depressed Christian college students. Journal of Psychology and Theology. 1984."
        },
        {
          "study": "Poleshuck, 2014",
          "ref": "Poleshuck EL, Gamble SA, Bellenger K, Lu N, Tu X, Sorensen S, et al. Randomized controlled trial of interpersonal psychotherapy versus enhanced treatment as usual for women with co-occurring depression and pelvic pain. Journal of psychosomatic research. 2014;77(4):264-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Power, 2012",
          "ref": "Power MJ, Freeman C. A randomized controlled trial of IPT versus CBT in primary care: With some cautionary notes about handling missing values in clinical trials. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2012;19(2):159-69."
        },
        {
          "study": "Propst, 1992",
          "ref": "Propst LR, Ostrom R, Watkins P, Dean T, Mashburn D. Comparative efficacy of religious and nonreligious cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of clinical depression in religious individuals. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1992;60(1):94-103."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rehm, 1981",
          "ref": "Rehm LP, Kornblith SJ, O'Hara MW, Lamparski DM, Romano JM, Volkin JI. An evaluation of major components in a self-control therapy program for depression. Behavior modification. 1981;5(4):459-89."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rohde, 2016",
          "ref": "Rohde P, Stice E, Shaw H, Gau JM. Pilot trial of a dissonance-based cognitive-behavioral group depression prevention with college students. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2016;82:21-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ross, 1985",
          "ref": "Ross M, Scott M. An evaluation of the effectiveness of individual and group cognitive therapy in the treatment of depressed patients in an inner city health centre. The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners. 1985;35(274):239-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ruwaard, 2009",
          "ref": "Ruwaard J, Schrieken B, Schrijver M, Broeksteeg J, Dekker J, Vermeulen H, et al. Standardized web-based cognitive behavioural therapy of mild to moderate depression: A randomized controlled trial with a long-term follow-up. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. 2009;38(4):206-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2009",
          "ref": "Safren SA, O'Cleirigh C, Tan JY, Raminani SR, Reilly LC, Otto MW, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for adherence and depression (CBT-AD) in HIV-infected individuals. Health Psychology. 2009;28(1):1-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Salkovskis, 2006",
          "ref": "Salkovskis P, Rimes K, Stephenson D, Sacks G, Scott J. A randomized controlled trial of the use of self-help materials in addition to standard general practice treatment of depression compared to standard treatment alone. Psychological Medicine. 2006;36(03):325-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Savard, 2006",
          "ref": "Savard J, Simard S, Giguere I, Ivers H, Morin CM, Maunsell E, et al. Randomized clinical trial on cognitive therapy for depression in women with metastatic breast cancer: Psychological and immunological effects. Palliative and Supportive Care. 2006;4(3):219-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schmidt, 1983",
          "ref": "Schmidt MM, Miller WR. Amount of therapist contact and outcome in a multidimensional depression treatment program. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1983;67(5):319-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schramm, 2020",
          "ref": "Schramm E, Mack S, Thiel N, Jenkner C, Elsaesser M, Fangmeier T. Interpersonal psychotherapy vs treatment as usual for major depression related to work stress: A pilot randomized controlled study. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2020;11."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1987",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Hamblin D, Beutler L. Bibliotherapy for depressed older adults: A self-help alternative. The Gerontologist. 1987;27(3):383-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1990",
          "ref": "Scott MJ, Stradling SG. Group cognitive therapy for depression produces clinically significant reliable change in community-based settings. Behavioural Psychotherapy. 1990;18(01):1-19."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1997",
          "ref": "Scott C, Tacchi MJ, Jones R, Scott J. Acute and one-year outcome of a randomised controlled trial of brief cognitive therapy for major depressive disorder in primary care. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1997;171:131-4."
        },
        {
          "study": "Selmi, 1990",
          "ref": "Selmi PM, Klein MH, Greist JH, Sorrell SP, Erdman HP. Computer-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1990;147(1):51-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheeber, 2012",
          "ref": "Sheeber LB, Seeley JR, Feil EG, Davis B, Sorensen E, Kosty DB, et al. Development and pilot evaluation of an Internet-facilitated cognitive-behavioral intervention for maternal depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2012;80(5):739-49."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simoni, 2013",
          "ref": "Simoni JM, Wiebe JS, Sauceda JA, Huh D, Sanchez G, Longoria V, et al. A preliminary RCT of CBT-AD for adherence and depression among HIV-positive Latinos on the U.S.-Mexico border: The Nuevo Dia study. AIDS and behavior. 2013;17(8):2816-29."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson, 2003",
          "ref": "Simpson S, Corney R, Beecham J. A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of psychodynamic counselling for general practice patients with chronic depression. Psychological Medicine. 2003;33(2):229-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah, 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: a randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179-189."
        },
        {
          "study": "Swartz, 2008",
          "ref": "Swartz HA, Frank E, Zuckoff A, Cyranowski JM, Houck PR, Cheng Y, et al. Brief interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed mothers whose children are receiving psychiatric treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;165(9):1155-62."
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 1977",
          "ref": "Taylor FG, Marshall WL. Experimental analysis of a cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1977;1(1):59-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 2009",
          "ref": "Taylor CB, Conrad A, Wilhelm FH, Strachowski D, Khaylis A, Neri E, et al. Does improving mood in depressed patients alter factors that may affect cardiovascular disease risk? Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2009;43(16):1246-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Teichman, 1995",
          "ref": "Teichman Y, Bar-el Z, Shor H, Sirota P, Elizur A. A comparison of two modalities of cognitive therapy (individual and marital) in treating depression. Psychiatry. 1995;58(2):136-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Verduyn, 2003",
          "ref": "Verduyn C, Barrowclough C, Roberts J, Tarrier N, Harrington R. Maternal depression and child behaviour problems: Randomised placebo-controlled trial of a cognitive-behavioural group intervention. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;183(OCT.):342-8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vernmark, 2010",
          "ref": "Vernmark K, Lenndin J, Bjärehed J, Carlsson M, Karlsson J, Oberg J, et al. Internet administered guided self-help versus individualized e-mail therapy: A randomized trial of two versions of CBT for major depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2010;48(5):368-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilson, 1983",
          "ref": "Wilson PH, Goldin JC, Charbonneau-Powis M. Comparative efficacy of behavioral and cognitive treatments of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1983;7(2):111-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wollersheim, 1991",
          "ref": "Wollersheim JP, Wilson GL. Group treatment of unipolar depression: A comparison of coping, supportive, bibliotherapy, and delayed treatment groups. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. 1991;22(6):496."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2008a",
          "ref": "Wong DF. Cognitive and health-related outcomes of group cognitive behavioural treatment for people with depressive symptoms in Hong Kong: Randomized wait-list control study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;42(8):702-11."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2008b",
          "ref": "Wong DF. Cognitive behavioral treatment groups for people with chronic depression in Hong Kong: A randomized wait-list control design. Depression and anxiety. 2008;25(2):142-8."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 140,
      "instr": "BDI-I",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory I",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "North America",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 42,
      "k_es": 74,
      "sd": 8.267,
      "lo": 7.666,
      "hi": 8.915,
      "tau2": 0.0486,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 5.333,
      "phi": 12.816,
      "i2": 82,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Arean, 1993",
          "ref": "Arean PA, Perri MG, Nezu AM, Schein RL, Christopher F, Joseph TX. Comparative effectiveness of social problem-solving therapy and reminiscence therapy as treatments for depression in older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1993;61(6):1003-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barlow, 1984",
          "ref": "Barlow, D. H., Cohen, A. S., Waddell, M. T., Vermilyea, B. B., Klosko, J. S., Blanchard, E. B., & Di Nardo, P. A. (1984). Panic and generalized anxiety disorders: Nature and treatment. Behavior Therapy, 15(5), 431-449. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(84)80048-9"
        },
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        },
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          "ref": "Bowman D, Scogin F, Lyrene B. The efficacy of self-examination therapy and cognitive bibliotherapy in the treatment of mild to moderate depression. Psychotherapy Research. 1995;5(2):131-40."
        },
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          "study": "Brenes, 2012",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
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          "study": "Dobkin, 2021",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Gellis, 2010",
          "ref": "Gellis ZD, Bruce ML. Problem solving therapy for subthreshold depression in home healthcare patients with cardiovascular disease. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2010;18(6):464-74."
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Harley, 2008",
          "ref": "Harley R, Sprich S, Safren S, Jacobo M, Fava M. Adaptation of dialectical behavior therapy skills training group for treatment-resistant depression. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 2008;196(2):136-43."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamison, 1995",
          "ref": "Jamison C, Scogin F. The outcome of cognitive bibliotherapy with depressed adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1995;63(4):644-50."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jarrett, 1999",
          "ref": "Jarrett RB, Schaffer M, McIntire D, Witt-Browder A, Kraft D, Risser RC. Treatment of atypical depression with cognitive therapy or phenelzine: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1999;56(5):431-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Landreville, 1997",
          "ref": "Landreville P, Bissonnette L. Effects of cognitive bibliotherapy for depressed older adults with a disability. Clinical Gerontologist. 1997;17(4):35-55."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lynch, 2004",
          "ref": "Lynch D, Tamburrino M, Nagel R, Smith MK. Telephone-based treatment for family practice patients with mild depression. Psychological reports. 2004;94(3 Pt 1):785-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Malouff, 1988",
          "ref": "Malouff JM, Lanyon RI, Schutte NS. Effectiveness of a brief group RET treatment for divorce-related dysphoria. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. 1988;6(3):162-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nezu, 1986",
          "ref": "Nezu AM. Efficacy of a social problem-solving therapy approach for unipolar depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1986;54(2):196-202."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nezu, 1989",
          "ref": "Nezu AM, Perri MG. Social problem-solving therapy for unipolar depression: An initial dismantling investigation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989;57(3):408-13."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Hara, 2000",
          "ref": "O'Hara MW, Stuart S, Gorman LL, Wenzel A. Efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2000;57(11):1039-45."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pace, 1993",
          "ref": "Pace TM, Dixon DN. Changes in depressive self-schemata and depressive symptoms following cognitive therapy. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 1993;40(3):288."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pardini, 2014 (study 1)",
          "ref": "Pardini J, Scogin F, Schriver J, Domino M, Wilson D, LaRocca M. Efficacy and process of cognitive bibliotherapy for the treatment of depression in jail and prison inmates. Psychological services 2014-11(2): 141-52. (study1)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pecheur, 1984",
          "ref": "Pecheur DR, Edwards KJ. A comparison of secular and religious versions of cognitive therapy with depressed Christian college students. Journal of Psychology and Theology. 1984."
        },
        {
          "study": "Poleshuck, 2014",
          "ref": "Poleshuck EL, Gamble SA, Bellenger K, Lu N, Tu X, Sorensen S, et al. Randomized controlled trial of interpersonal psychotherapy versus enhanced treatment as usual for women with co-occurring depression and pelvic pain. Journal of psychosomatic research. 2014;77(4):264-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Propst, 1992",
          "ref": "Propst LR, Ostrom R, Watkins P, Dean T, Mashburn D. Comparative efficacy of religious and nonreligious cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of clinical depression in religious individuals. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1992;60(1):94-103."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rehm, 1981",
          "ref": "Rehm LP, Kornblith SJ, O'Hara MW, Lamparski DM, Romano JM, Volkin JI. An evaluation of major components in a self-control therapy program for depression. Behavior modification. 1981;5(4):459-89."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rohde, 2016",
          "ref": "Rohde P, Stice E, Shaw H, Gau JM. Pilot trial of a dissonance-based cognitive-behavioral group depression prevention with college students. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2016;82:21-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2009",
          "ref": "Safren SA, O'Cleirigh C, Tan JY, Raminani SR, Reilly LC, Otto MW, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for adherence and depression (CBT-AD) in HIV-infected individuals. Health Psychology. 2009;28(1):1-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Savard, 2006",
          "ref": "Savard J, Simard S, Giguere I, Ivers H, Morin CM, Maunsell E, et al. Randomized clinical trial on cognitive therapy for depression in women with metastatic breast cancer: Psychological and immunological effects. Palliative and Supportive Care. 2006;4(3):219-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schmidt, 1983",
          "ref": "Schmidt MM, Miller WR. Amount of therapist contact and outcome in a multidimensional depression treatment program. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1983;67(5):319-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1987",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Hamblin D, Beutler L. Bibliotherapy for depressed older adults: A self-help alternative. The Gerontologist. 1987;27(3):383-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Selmi, 1990",
          "ref": "Selmi PM, Klein MH, Greist JH, Sorrell SP, Erdman HP. Computer-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1990;147(1):51-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheeber, 2012",
          "ref": "Sheeber LB, Seeley JR, Feil EG, Davis B, Sorensen E, Kosty DB, et al. Development and pilot evaluation of an Internet-facilitated cognitive-behavioral intervention for maternal depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2012;80(5):739-49."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simoni, 2013",
          "ref": "Simoni JM, Wiebe JS, Sauceda JA, Huh D, Sanchez G, Longoria V, et al. A preliminary RCT of CBT-AD for adherence and depression among HIV-positive Latinos on the U.S.-Mexico border: The Nuevo Dia study. AIDS and behavior. 2013;17(8):2816-29."
        },
        {
          "study": "Swartz, 2008",
          "ref": "Swartz HA, Frank E, Zuckoff A, Cyranowski JM, Houck PR, Cheng Y, et al. Brief interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed mothers whose children are receiving psychiatric treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;165(9):1155-62."
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 1977",
          "ref": "Taylor FG, Marshall WL. Experimental analysis of a cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1977;1(1):59-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 2009",
          "ref": "Taylor CB, Conrad A, Wilhelm FH, Strachowski D, Khaylis A, Neri E, et al. Does improving mood in depressed patients alter factors that may affect cardiovascular disease risk? Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2009;43(16):1246-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wollersheim, 1991",
          "ref": "Wollersheim JP, Wilson GL. Group treatment of unipolar depression: A comparison of coping, supportive, bibliotherapy, and delayed treatment groups. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. 1991;22(6):496."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 141,
      "instr": "BDI-I",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory I",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "North America",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 94,
      "k_es": 142,
      "sd": 8.074,
      "lo": 7.388,
      "hi": 8.823,
      "tau2": 0.176,
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      "plo": 3.532,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Aagaard, 2017",
          "ref": "Aagaard, J., Foldager, L., Makki, A., Hansen, V., & M¸ller-Nielsen, K. (2017). The efficacy of psychoeducation on recurrent depression: a randomized trial with a 2-year follow-up. Nord J Psychiatry, 71(3), 223-229."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ahmadpanah, 2016",
          "ref": "Ahmadpanah, M., Paghale, S. J., Bakhtyari, A., Kaikhavani, S., Aghaei, E., Nazaribadie, M., . . . Brand, S. (2016). Effects of psychotherapy in combination with pharmacotherapy, when compared to pharmacotherapy only on blood pressure, depression, and anxiety in female patients with hypertension."
        },
        {
          "study": "Allart van Dam, 2003",
          "ref": "Allart-Van Dam E, Hosman CMH, Hoogduin CAL, Schaap CPDR. The coping with depression course: Short-term outcomes and mediating effects of a randomized controlled trial in the treatment of subclinical depression. Behavior Therapy. 2003;34(3):381-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2005",
          "ref": "Andersson G, Bergström J, Holländare F, Carlbring P, Kaldo V, Ekselius L. Internet-based self-help for depression: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2005;187(5):456-61."
        },
        {
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      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Ahmadpanah, 2016",
          "ref": "Ahmadpanah, M., Paghale, S. J., Bakhtyari, A., Kaikhavani, S., Aghaei, E., Nazaribadie, M., . . . Brand, S. (2016). Effects of psychotherapy in combination with pharmacotherapy, when compared to pharmacotherapy only on blood pressure, depression, and anxiety in female patients with hypertension."
        },
        {
          "study": "Choi, 2012",
          "ref": "Choi I, Zou J, Titov N, Dear BF, Li S, Johnston L, et al. Culturally attuned Internet treatment for depression amongst Chinese Australians: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2012;136(3):459-68."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davoudi, 2020",
          "ref": "Davoudi M, Taheri AA, Foroughi AA, Ahmadi SM, Heshmati K. Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on depression and sleep quality in painful diabetic neuropathy: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders. 2020."
        },
        {
          "study": "Demir, 2022",
          "ref": "Demir, S., & Ercan, F. (2022). The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy-based group counseling on depressive symptomatology, anxiety levels, automatic thoughts, and coping ways Turkish nursing students: A randomized controlled trial. Perspectives in psychiatric care. doi:10.1111/ppc.13073"
        },
        {
          "study": "Duarte, 2009",
          "ref": "Duarte PS, Miyazaki MC, Blay SL, Sesso R. Cognitive-behavioral group therapy is an effective treatment for major depression in hemodialysis patients. Kidney international. 2009;76(4):414-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Faramarzi, 2008",
          "ref": "Faramarzi M, Alipor A, Esmaelzadeh S, Kheirkhah F, Poladi K, Pash H. Treatment of depression and anxiety in infertile women: Cognitive behavioral therapy versus fluoxetine. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2008;108(1-2):159-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hamamci, 2006",
          "ref": "Hamamci Z. Integrating psychodrama and cognitive behavioral therapy to treat moderate depression. Arts in Psychotherapy. 2006;33(3):199-207."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hamdan-Mansour, 2009",
          "ref": "Hamdan-Mansour AM, Puskar K, Bandak AG. Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on depressive symptomatology, stress and coping strategies among Jordanian university students. Issues in mental health nursing. 2009;30(3):188-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hemanny, 2019",
          "ref": "Hemanny, C., Carvalho, C., Maia, N., Reis, D., Botelho, A. C., Bonavides, D., . . . De Oliveira, I. R. (2019). Efficacy of trial-based cognitive therapy, behavioral activation and treatment as usual in the treatment of major depressive disorder: Preliminary findings from a randomized clinical trial. CNS Spectrums. doi:10.1017/S1092852919001457"
        },
        {
          "study": "Larcombe, 1984",
          "ref": "Larcombe NA, Wilson PH. An evaluation of cognitive-behaviour therapy for depression in patients with multiple sclerosis. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1984;145:366-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lerma, 2017",
          "ref": "Lerma A, Perez-Grovas H, Bermudez L, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Robles-García R, Lerma C. Brief cognitive behavioural intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms improves quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients. Psychology and psychotherapy. 2017;90(1):105-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Teichman, 1995",
          "ref": "Teichman Y, Bar-el Z, Shor H, Sirota P, Elizur A. A comparison of two modalities of cognitive therapy (individual and marital) in treating depression. Psychiatry. 1995;58(2):136-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilson, 1983",
          "ref": "Wilson PH, Goldin JC, Charbonneau-Powis M. Comparative efficacy of behavioral and cognitive treatments of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1983;7(2):111-24."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 143,
      "instr": "BDI-I",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory I",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
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      "k_es": 142,
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      "hi": 8.823,
      "tau2": 0.176,
      "tau2w": 0,
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      "phi": 18.458,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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        }
      ]
    },
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Aagaard, 2017",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Ayen, 2004",
          "ref": "Ayen I, Hautzinger M. Cognitive behavior therapy for depression in menopausal women. A controlled, randomized treatment study. Zeitschrift fur Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie. 2004;33(4):290-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
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          "study": "Casanas, 2012",
          "ref": "Casanas R, Catalan R, del Val JL, Real J, Valero S, Casas M. Effectiveness of a psycho-educational group program for major depression in primary care: A randomized controlled trial. BMC psychiatry. 2012;12:230."
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2008",
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          "study": "Davoudi, 2020",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "k_es": 142,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Aagaard, 2017",
          "ref": "Aagaard, J., Foldager, L., Makki, A., Hansen, V., & M¸ller-Nielsen, K. (2017). The efficacy of psychoeducation on recurrent depression: a randomized trial with a 2-year follow-up. Nord J Psychiatry, 71(3), 223-229."
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Allart van Dam, 2003",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Ayen, 2004",
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        },
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    {
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        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2005",
          "ref": "Andersson G, Bergström J, Holländare F, Carlbring P, Kaldo V, Ekselius L. Internet-based self-help for depression: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2005;187(5):456-61."
        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Pardini, 2014 (study 1)",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Ruwaard, 2009",
          "ref": "Ruwaard J, Schrieken B, Schrijver M, Broeksteeg J, Dekker J, Vermeulen H, et al. Standardized web-based cognitive behavioural therapy of mild to moderate depression: A randomized controlled trial with a long-term follow-up. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. 2009;38(4):206-21."
        },
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          "study": "Salkovskis, 2006",
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        },
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          "study": "Schmidt, 1983",
          "ref": "Schmidt MM, Miller WR. Amount of therapist contact and outcome in a multidimensional depression treatment program. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1983;67(5):319-32."
        },
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          "study": "Scogin, 1987",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Hamblin D, Beutler L. Bibliotherapy for depressed older adults: A self-help alternative. The Gerontologist. 1987;27(3):383-7."
        },
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          "ref": "Selmi PM, Klein MH, Greist JH, Sorrell SP, Erdman HP. Computer-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1990;147(1):51-6."
        },
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          "study": "Sheeber, 2012",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Vernmark, 2010",
          "ref": "Vernmark K, Lenndin J, Bjärehed J, Carlsson M, Karlsson J, Oberg J, et al. Internet administered guided self-help versus individualized e-mail therapy: A randomized trial of two versions of CBT for major depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2010;48(5):368-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wollersheim, 1991",
          "ref": "Wollersheim JP, Wilson GL. Group treatment of unipolar depression: A comparison of coping, supportive, bibliotherapy, and delayed treatment groups. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. 1991;22(6):496."
        }
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    },
    {
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      "k_es": 142,
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      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 148,
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      "refs": [
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          "study": "Dobkin, 2011",
          "ref": "Dobkin RD, Menza M, Allen LA, Gara MA, Mark MH, Tiu J, et al. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression in Parkinson's disease: A randomized, controlled trial. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2011;168(10):1066-74."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dobkin, 2020",
          "ref": "Dobkin RD, Mann SL, Gara MA, Interian A, Rodriguez KM, Menza M. Telephone-based cognitive behavioral therapy for depression in Parkinson disease: A randomized controlled trial. Neurology. 2020;94(16):e1764-e1773."
        },
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          "study": "Dobkin, 2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Dowrick, 2000",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Elkin, 1989",
          "ref": "Elkin I, Shea MT, Watkins JT, Imber SD, Sotsky SM, Collins JF, et al. National institute of mental health treatment of depression collaborative research program. General effectiveness of treatments. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1989;46(11):971-82; discussion 83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freedland, 2009",
          "ref": "Freedland KE, Skala JA, Carney RM, Rubin EH, Lustman PJ, D·vila-Rom·n VG, et al. Treatment of depression after coronary artery bypass surgery: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2009;66(4):387-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gellis, 2010",
          "ref": "Gellis ZD, Bruce ML. Problem solving therapy for subthreshold depression in home healthcare patients with cardiovascular disease. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2010;18(6):464-74."
        },
        {
          "study": "Grote, 2009",
          "ref": "Grote NK, Swartz HA, Geibel SL, Zuckoff A, Houck PR, Frank E. A randomized controlled trial of culturally relevant, brief interpersonal psychotherapy for perinatal depression. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60(3):313-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hagen, 2017",
          "ref": "Hagen, R., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., Kennair, L. E. O., Nordahl, H. M., Fisher, P., & Wells, A. (2017). Metacognitive therapy for depression in adults: A waiting list randomized controlled trial with six months follow-up. Frontiers in Psychology, 8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hassiotis, 2013",
          "ref": "Hassiotis A, Serfaty M, Azam K, Strydom A, Blizard R, Romeo R, et al. Manualised individual cognitive behavioural therapy for mood disorders in people with mild to moderate intellectual disability: A feasibility randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;151(1):186-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hemanny, 2019",
          "ref": "Hemanny, C., Carvalho, C., Maia, N., Reis, D., Botelho, A. C., Bonavides, D., . . . De Oliveira, I. R. (2019). Efficacy of trial-based cognitive therapy, behavioral activation and treatment as usual in the treatment of major depressive disorder: Preliminary findings from a randomized clinical trial. CNS Spectrums. doi:10.1017/S1092852919001457"
        },
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          "study": "Jarrett, 1999",
          "ref": "Jarrett RB, Schaffer M, McIntire D, Witt-Browder A, Kraft D, Risser RC. Treatment of atypical depression with cognitive therapy or phenelzine: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1999;56(5):431-7."
        },
        {
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        },
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          "study": "Lamers, 2010",
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Simpson, 2003",
          "ref": "Simpson S, Corney R, Beecham J. A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of psychodynamic counselling for general practice patients with chronic depression. Psychological Medicine. 2003;33(2):229-39."
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        {
          "study": "Sinniah, 2017",
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        },
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          "study": "Swartz, 2008",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 1977",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 2009",
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        },
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        },
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory I",
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      "tau2": 0.176,
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      "refs": [
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        },
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          "study": "Gellis, 2010",
          "ref": "Gellis ZD, Bruce ML. Problem solving therapy for subthreshold depression in home healthcare patients with cardiovascular disease. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2010;18(6):464-74."
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          "study": "Lamers, 2010",
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Folke, 2012",
          "ref": "Folke F, Parling T, Melin L. Acceptance and commitment therapy for depression: A preliminary randomized clinical trial for unemployed on long-term sick leave. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice. 2012;19(4):583-94."
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        },
        {
          "study": "Ross, 1985",
          "ref": "Ross M, Scott M. An evaluation of the effectiveness of individual and group cognitive therapy in the treatment of depressed patients in an inner city health centre. The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners. 1985;35(274):239-42."
        }
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    {
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        },
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 152,
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      "tau2": 0.176,
      "tau2w": null,
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 153,
      "instr": "BDI-I",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory I",
      "indication": null,
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      "k": 94,
      "k_es": 142,
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      "hi": 8.823,
      "tau2": 0.176,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 3.532,
      "phi": 18.458,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Kitchiner, 2009",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah, 2017",
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Teichman, 1995",
          "ref": "Teichman Y, Bar-el Z, Shor H, Sirota P, Elizur A. A comparison of two modalities of cognitive therapy (individual and marital) in treating depression. Psychiatry. 1995;58(2):136-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Verduyn, 2003",
          "ref": "Verduyn C, Barrowclough C, Roberts J, Tarrier N, Harrington R. Maternal depression and child behaviour problems: Randomised placebo-controlled trial of a cognitive-behavioural group intervention. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;183(OCT.):342-8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vernmark, 2010",
          "ref": "Vernmark K, Lenndin J, Bjärehed J, Carlsson M, Karlsson J, Oberg J, et al. Internet administered guided self-help versus individualized e-mail therapy: A randomized trial of two versions of CBT for major depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2010;48(5):368-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilson, 1983",
          "ref": "Wilson PH, Goldin JC, Charbonneau-Powis M. Comparative efficacy of behavioral and cognitive treatments of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1983;7(2):111-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wollersheim, 1991",
          "ref": "Wollersheim JP, Wilson GL. Group treatment of unipolar depression: A comparison of coping, supportive, bibliotherapy, and delayed treatment groups. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. 1991;22(6):496."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2008a",
          "ref": "Wong DF. Cognitive and health-related outcomes of group cognitive behavioural treatment for people with depressive symptoms in Hong Kong: Randomized wait-list control study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;42(8):702-11."
        },
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          "study": "Wong, 2008b",
          "ref": "Wong DF. Cognitive behavioral treatment groups for people with chronic depression in Hong Kong: A randomized wait-list control design. Depression and anxiety. 2008;25(2):142-8."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 154,
      "instr": "BDI-I",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory I",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Recruitment",
      "sgv": "Clinic",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 28,
      "k_es": 35,
      "sd": 9.324,
      "lo": 8.314,
      "hi": 10.457,
      "tau2": 0.0863,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 5.183,
      "phi": 16.774,
      "i2": 93.4,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
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        },
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          "study": "Haakana, 2024",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Harley, 2008",
          "ref": "Harley R, Sprich S, Safren S, Jacobo M, Fava M. Adaptation of dialectical behavior therapy skills training group for treatment-resistant depression. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 2008;196(2):136-43."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jelinek, 2016",
          "ref": "Jelinek L, Hauschildt M, Wittekind CE, Schneider BC, Kriston L, Moritz S. Efficacy of metacognitive training for depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2016;85(4):231-4."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kessler, 2009",
          "ref": "Kessler D, Lewis G, Kaur S, Wiles N, King M, Weich S, et al. Therapist-delivered Internet psychotherapy for depression in primary care: A randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009;374(9690):628-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kim, 2009",
          "ref": "Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., . . . Yook, K. H. (2009). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety, 26(7), 601-606. doi:10.1002/da.20552"
        },
        {
          "study": "King, 2000",
          "ref": "King M, Sibbald B, Ward E, Bower P, Lloyd M, Gabbay M, et al. Randomised controlled trial of non-directive counselling, cognitive-behaviour therapy and usual general practitioner care in the management of depression as well as mixed anxiety and depression in primary care. Health Technology Assessment. 2000;4(19):1-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kitchiner, 2009",
          "ref": "Kitchiner, N. J., Edwards, D., Wood, S., Sainsbury, S., Hewin, P., Burnard, P., & Bisson, J. I. (2009). A randomized controlled trial comparing an adult education class using cognitive behavioural therapy \"stress control\", anxiety management group treatment and a waiting list for anxiety disorders. Journal of Mental Health, 18(4), 307-315. doi:10.1080/09638230802052153"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lynch, 2004",
          "ref": "Lynch D, Tamburrino M, Nagel R, Smith MK. Telephone-based treatment for family practice patients with mild depression. Psychological reports. 2004;94(3 Pt 1):785-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mead, 2005",
          "ref": "Mead N, MacDonald W, Bower P, Lovell K, Richards D, Roberts C, et al. The clinical effectiveness of guided self-help versus waiting-list control in the management of anxiety and depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2005;35(11):1633-43."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mukhtar, 2011",
          "ref": "Mukhtar, F., Oei, T. P., & Yaacob, M. (2011). Effectiveness of group cognitive behaviour therapy augmentation in reducing negative cognitions in the treatment of depression in Malaysia. ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 12(1), 50-65. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mynors-Wallis, 1995",
          "ref": "Mynors-Wallis L, Gath D, Lloyd-Thomas A, Tomlinson D. Randomised controlled trial comparing problem solving treatment with amitriptyline and placebo for major depression in primary care. BMJ. 1995;310(6977):441-5."
        },
        {
          "study": "Power, 2012",
          "ref": "Power MJ, Freeman C. A randomized controlled trial of IPT versus CBT in primary care: With some cautionary notes about handling missing values in clinical trials. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2012;19(2):159-69."
        },
        {
          "study": "Proudfoot, 2004",
          "ref": "Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. 2004;185:46-54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ross, 1985",
          "ref": "Ross M, Scott M. An evaluation of the effectiveness of individual and group cognitive therapy in the treatment of depressed patients in an inner city health centre. The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners. 1985;35(274):239-42."
        },
        {
          "study": "Salkovskis, 2006",
          "ref": "Salkovskis P, Rimes K, Stephenson D, Sacks G, Scott J. A randomized controlled trial of the use of self-help materials in addition to standard general practice treatment of depression compared to standard treatment alone. Psychological Medicine. 2006;36(03):325-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schramm, 2020",
          "ref": "Schramm E, Mack S, Thiel N, Jenkner C, Elsaesser M, Fangmeier T. Interpersonal psychotherapy vs treatment as usual for major depression related to work stress: A pilot randomized controlled study. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2020;11."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1990",
          "ref": "Scott MJ, Stradling SG. Group cognitive therapy for depression produces clinically significant reliable change in community-based settings. Behavioural Psychotherapy. 1990;18(01):1-19."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1997",
          "ref": "Scott C, Tacchi MJ, Jones R, Scott J. Acute and one-year outcome of a randomised controlled trial of brief cognitive therapy for major depressive disorder in primary care. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1997;171:131-4."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson, 2003",
          "ref": "Simpson S, Corney R, Beecham J. A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of psychodynamic counselling for general practice patients with chronic depression. Psychological Medicine. 2003;33(2):229-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah, 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: a randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179-189."
        },
        {
          "study": "Teichman, 1995",
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        }
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      "refs": [
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          "ref": "Verduyn C, Barrowclough C, Roberts J, Tarrier N, Harrington R. Maternal depression and child behaviour problems: Randomised placebo-controlled trial of a cognitive-behavioural group intervention. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;183(OCT.):342-8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vernmark, 2010",
          "ref": "Vernmark K, Lenndin J, Bjärehed J, Carlsson M, Karlsson J, Oberg J, et al. Internet administered guided self-help versus individualized e-mail therapy: A randomized trial of two versions of CBT for major depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2010;48(5):368-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilson, 1983",
          "ref": "Wilson PH, Goldin JC, Charbonneau-Powis M. Comparative efficacy of behavioral and cognitive treatments of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1983;7(2):111-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wollersheim, 1991",
          "ref": "Wollersheim JP, Wilson GL. Group treatment of unipolar depression: A comparison of coping, supportive, bibliotherapy, and delayed treatment groups. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. 1991;22(6):496."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2008a",
          "ref": "Wong DF. Cognitive and health-related outcomes of group cognitive behavioural treatment for people with depressive symptoms in Hong Kong: Randomized wait-list control study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;42(8):702-11."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2008b",
          "ref": "Wong DF. Cognitive behavioral treatment groups for people with chronic depression in Hong Kong: A randomized wait-list control design. Depression and anxiety. 2008;25(2):142-8."
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        {
          "study": "Allart van Dam, 2003",
          "ref": "Allart-Van Dam E, Hosman CMH, Hoogduin CAL, Schaap CPDR. The coping with depression course: Short-term outcomes and mediating effects of a randomized controlled trial in the treatment of subclinical depression. Behavior Therapy. 2003;34(3):381-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2005",
          "ref": "Andersson G, Bergström J, Holländare F, Carlbring P, Kaldo V, Ekselius L. Internet-based self-help for depression: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2005;187(5):456-61."
        },
        {
          "study": "Arean, 1993",
          "ref": "Arean PA, Perri MG, Nezu AM, Schein RL, Christopher F, Joseph TX. Comparative effectiveness of social problem-solving therapy and reminiscence therapy as treatments for depression in older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1993;61(6):1003-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ayen, 2004",
          "ref": "Ayen I, Hautzinger M. Cognitive behavior therapy for depression in menopausal women. A controlled, randomized treatment study. Zeitschrift fur Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie. 2004;33(4):290-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Beach, 1992",
          "ref": "Beach SR, O'Leary KD. Treating depression in the context of marital discord: Outcome and predictors of response of marital therapy versus cognitive therapy. Behavior Therapy. 1992;23(4):507-28."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bowman, 1995",
          "ref": "Bowman D, Scogin F, Lyrene B. The efficacy of self-examination therapy and cognitive bibliotherapy in the treatment of mild to moderate depression. Psychotherapy Research. 1995;5(2):131-40."
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenes, 2012",
          "ref": "Brenes, G. A., Miller, M. E., Williamson, J. D., McCall, W. V., Knudson, M., & Stanley, M. A. (2012). A randomized controlled trial of telephone-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy for late-life anxiety disorders. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 20(8), 707-716. doi:10.1097/JGP.0b013e31822ccd3e"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
        {
          "study": "Choi, 2012",
          "ref": "Choi I, Zou J, Titov N, Dear BF, Li S, Johnston L, et al. Culturally attuned Internet treatment for depression amongst Chinese Australians: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2012;136(3):459-68."
        },
        {
          "study": "Clark, 2008",
          "ref": "Clark R, Tluczek A, Brown R. A mother–infant therapy group model for postpartum depression. Infant Mental Health Journal. 2008;29(5):514-36."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dimidjian, 2006",
          "ref": "Dimidjian S, Hollon SD, Dobson KS, Schmaling KB, Kohlenberg RJ, Addis ME, et al. Randomized trial of behavioral activation, cognitive therapy, and antidepressant medication in the acute treatment of adults with major depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2006;74(4):658-70."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dobkin, 2011",
          "ref": "Dobkin RD, Menza M, Allen LA, Gara MA, Mark MH, Tiu J, et al. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression in Parkinson's disease: A randomized, controlled trial. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2011;168(10):1066-74."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dobkin, 2021",
          "ref": "Dobkin, R. D., Mann, S. L., Weintraub, D., Rodriguez, K. M., Miller, R. B., St. Hill, L., King, A., Gara, M. A., & Interian, A. (2021). Innovating Parkinson's Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Telemedicine Depression Treatment [Article]. Movement disorders, 36(11), 2549-2558. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.28548"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hagen, 2017",
          "ref": "Hagen, R., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., Kennair, L. E. O., Nordahl, H. M., Fisher, P., & Wells, A. (2017). Metacognitive therapy for depression in adults: A waiting list randomized controlled trial with six months follow-up. Frontiers in Psychology, 8."
        },
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          "study": "Hamamci, 2006",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Hamdan-Mansour, 2009",
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wilson, 1983",
          "ref": "Wilson PH, Goldin JC, Charbonneau-Powis M. Comparative efficacy of behavioral and cognitive treatments of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1983;7(2):111-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wollersheim, 1991",
          "ref": "Wollersheim JP, Wilson GL. Group treatment of unipolar depression: A comparison of coping, supportive, bibliotherapy, and delayed treatment groups. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. 1991;22(6):496."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2008a",
          "ref": "Wong DF. Cognitive and health-related outcomes of group cognitive behavioural treatment for people with depressive symptoms in Hong Kong: Randomized wait-list control study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;42(8):702-11."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2008b",
          "ref": "Wong DF. Cognitive behavioral treatment groups for people with chronic depression in Hong Kong: A randomized wait-list control design. Depression and anxiety. 2008;25(2):142-8."
        }
      ]
    },
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Aagaard, 2017",
          "ref": "Aagaard, J., Foldager, L., Makki, A., Hansen, V., & M¸ller-Nielsen, K. (2017). The efficacy of psychoeducation on recurrent depression: a randomized trial with a 2-year follow-up. Nord J Psychiatry, 71(3), 223-229."
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Andersson, 2005",
          "ref": "Andersson G, Bergström J, Holländare F, Carlbring P, Kaldo V, Ekselius L. Internet-based self-help for depression: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2005;187(5):456-61."
        },
        {
          "study": "Arean, 1993",
          "ref": "Arean PA, Perri MG, Nezu AM, Schein RL, Christopher F, Joseph TX. Comparative effectiveness of social problem-solving therapy and reminiscence therapy as treatments for depression in older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1993;61(6):1003-10."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ayen, 2004",
          "ref": "Ayen I, Hautzinger M. Cognitive behavior therapy for depression in menopausal women. A controlled, randomized treatment study. Zeitschrift fur Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie. 2004;33(4):290-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barlow, 1984",
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        },
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          "ref": "Beach SR, O'Leary KD. Treating depression in the context of marital discord: Outcome and predictors of response of marital therapy versus cognitive therapy. Behavior Therapy. 1992;23(4):507-28."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bowman, 1995",
          "ref": "Bowman D, Scogin F, Lyrene B. The efficacy of self-examination therapy and cognitive bibliotherapy in the treatment of mild to moderate depression. Psychotherapy Research. 1995;5(2):131-40."
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenes, 2012",
          "ref": "Brenes, G. A., Miller, M. E., Williamson, J. D., McCall, W. V., Knudson, M., & Stanley, M. A. (2012). A randomized controlled trial of telephone-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy for late-life anxiety disorders. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 20(8), 707-716. doi:10.1097/JGP.0b013e31822ccd3e"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
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        },
        {
          "study": "Dobkin, 2011",
          "ref": "Dobkin RD, Menza M, Allen LA, Gara MA, Mark MH, Tiu J, et al. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression in Parkinson's disease: A randomized, controlled trial. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2011;168(10):1066-74."
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        },
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        },
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    {
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        {
          "study": "Ahmadpanah, 2016",
          "ref": "Ahmadpanah, M., Paghale, S. J., Bakhtyari, A., Kaikhavani, S., Aghaei, E., Nazaribadie, M., . . . Brand, S. (2016). Effects of psychotherapy in combination with pharmacotherapy, when compared to pharmacotherapy only on blood pressure, depression, and anxiety in female patients with hypertension."
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Verduyn, 2003",
          "ref": "Verduyn C, Barrowclough C, Roberts J, Tarrier N, Harrington R. Maternal depression and child behaviour problems: Randomised placebo-controlled trial of a cognitive-behavioural group intervention. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;183(OCT.):342-8."
        }
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      "refs": [
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 160,
      "instr": "BDI-I",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory I",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
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      "k": 18,
      "k_es": 23,
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      "lo": 7.258,
      "hi": 9.928,
      "tau2": 0.1091,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 4.361,
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      "i2": 96.2,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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        },
        {
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        {
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          "ref": "Dowrick, C., Dunn, G., Ayuso-Mateos, J. L., Dalgard, O. S., Page, H., Lehtinen, V., ... Wilkinson, G. (2000). Problem solving treatment and group psychoeducation for depression: multicentre randomised controlled trial Outcomes of Depression International Network [ODIN] Group. Bmj, 321(7274), 1450-1454. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/836/CN-00623836/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Duarte, 2009",
          "ref": "Duarte PS, Miyazaki MC, Blay SL, Sesso R. Cognitive-behavioral group therapy is an effective treatment for major depression in hemodialysis patients. Kidney international. 2009;76(4):414-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Elkin, 1989",
          "ref": "Elkin I, Shea MT, Watkins JT, Imber SD, Sotsky SM, Collins JF, et al. National institute of mental health treatment of depression collaborative research program. General effectiveness of treatments. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1989;46(11):971-82; discussion 83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freedland, 2009",
          "ref": "Freedland KE, Skala JA, Carney RM, Rubin EH, Lustman PJ, D·vila-Rom·n VG, et al. Treatment of depression after coronary artery bypass surgery: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2009;66(4):387-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Haakana, 2024",
          "ref": "Haakana, R., Rosenström, T., Parkkinen, L., Tuomisto, M. T., & Isometsä, E. (2024). Effectiveness of an add-on brief group behavioral activation treatment for depression in psychiatric care: a randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 15. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1284363"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kessler, 2009",
          "ref": "Kessler D, Lewis G, Kaur S, Wiles N, King M, Weich S, et al. Therapist-delivered Internet psychotherapy for depression in primary care: A randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009;374(9690):628-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lamers, 2010",
          "ref": "Lamers F, Jonkers CC, Bosma H, Kempen GI, Meijer JA, Penninx BW, et al. A minimal psychological intervention in chronically ill elderly patients with depression: A randomized trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2010;79(4):217-26."
        },
        {
          "study": "Michalak, 2015",
          "ref": "Michalak J, Schultze M, Heidenreich T, Schramm E. A randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and a group version of cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy for chronically depressed patients. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(5):951-63."
        },
        {
          "study": "Moon, 2021",
          "ref": "Moon, J. R., Huh, J., Song, J., Kang, I. S., Park, S. W., Chang, S. A., . . . Han, J. S. (2021). The effects of rational emotive behavior therapy for depressive symptoms in adults with congenital heart disease. Heart Lung, 50(6), 906-913. doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2021.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Salkovskis, 2006",
          "ref": "Salkovskis P, Rimes K, Stephenson D, Sacks G, Scott J. A randomized controlled trial of the use of self-help materials in addition to standard general practice treatment of depression compared to standard treatment alone. Psychological Medicine. 2006;36(03):325-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheeber, 2012",
          "ref": "Sheeber LB, Seeley JR, Feil EG, Davis B, Sorensen E, Kosty DB, et al. Development and pilot evaluation of an Internet-facilitated cognitive-behavioral intervention for maternal depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2012;80(5):739-49."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simoni, 2013",
          "ref": "Simoni JM, Wiebe JS, Sauceda JA, Huh D, Sanchez G, Longoria V, et al. A preliminary RCT of CBT-AD for adherence and depression among HIV-positive Latinos on the U.S.-Mexico border: The Nuevo Dia study. AIDS and behavior. 2013;17(8):2816-29."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson, 2003",
          "ref": "Simpson S, Corney R, Beecham J. A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of psychodynamic counselling for general practice patients with chronic depression. Psychological Medicine. 2003;33(2):229-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vernmark, 2010",
          "ref": "Vernmark K, Lenndin J, Bjärehed J, Carlsson M, Karlsson J, Oberg J, et al. Internet administered guided self-help versus individualized e-mail therapy: A randomized trial of two versions of CBT for major depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2010;48(5):368-76."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
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          "ref": "Salkovskis P, Rimes K, Stephenson D, Sacks G, Scott J. A randomized controlled trial of the use of self-help materials in addition to standard general practice treatment of depression compared to standard treatment alone. Psychological Medicine. 2006;36(03):325-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Savard, 2006",
          "ref": "Savard J, Simard S, Giguere I, Ivers H, Morin CM, Maunsell E, et al. Randomized clinical trial on cognitive therapy for depression in women with metastatic breast cancer: Psychological and immunological effects. Palliative and Supportive Care. 2006;4(3):219-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schmidt, 1983",
          "ref": "Schmidt MM, Miller WR. Amount of therapist contact and outcome in a multidimensional depression treatment program. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1983;67(5):319-32."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schramm, 2020",
          "ref": "Schramm E, Mack S, Thiel N, Jenkner C, Elsaesser M, Fangmeier T. Interpersonal psychotherapy vs treatment as usual for major depression related to work stress: A pilot randomized controlled study. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2020;11."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1987",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Hamblin D, Beutler L. Bibliotherapy for depressed older adults: A self-help alternative. The Gerontologist. 1987;27(3):383-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1990",
          "ref": "Scott MJ, Stradling SG. Group cognitive therapy for depression produces clinically significant reliable change in community-based settings. Behavioural Psychotherapy. 1990;18(01):1-19."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1997",
          "ref": "Scott C, Tacchi MJ, Jones R, Scott J. Acute and one-year outcome of a randomised controlled trial of brief cognitive therapy for major depressive disorder in primary care. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1997;171:131-4."
        },
        {
          "study": "Selmi, 1990",
          "ref": "Selmi PM, Klein MH, Greist JH, Sorrell SP, Erdman HP. Computer-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1990;147(1):51-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheeber, 2012",
          "ref": "Sheeber LB, Seeley JR, Feil EG, Davis B, Sorensen E, Kosty DB, et al. Development and pilot evaluation of an Internet-facilitated cognitive-behavioral intervention for maternal depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2012;80(5):739-49."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simoni, 2013",
          "ref": "Simoni JM, Wiebe JS, Sauceda JA, Huh D, Sanchez G, Longoria V, et al. A preliminary RCT of CBT-AD for adherence and depression among HIV-positive Latinos on the U.S.-Mexico border: The Nuevo Dia study. AIDS and behavior. 2013;17(8):2816-29."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson, 2003",
          "ref": "Simpson S, Corney R, Beecham J. A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of psychodynamic counselling for general practice patients with chronic depression. Psychological Medicine. 2003;33(2):229-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah, 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: a randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179-189."
        },
        {
          "study": "Swartz, 2008",
          "ref": "Swartz HA, Frank E, Zuckoff A, Cyranowski JM, Houck PR, Cheng Y, et al. Brief interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed mothers whose children are receiving psychiatric treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;165(9):1155-62."
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 1977",
          "ref": "Taylor FG, Marshall WL. Experimental analysis of a cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1977;1(1):59-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 2009",
          "ref": "Taylor CB, Conrad A, Wilhelm FH, Strachowski D, Khaylis A, Neri E, et al. Does improving mood in depressed patients alter factors that may affect cardiovascular disease risk? Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2009;43(16):1246-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Teichman, 1995",
          "ref": "Teichman Y, Bar-el Z, Shor H, Sirota P, Elizur A. A comparison of two modalities of cognitive therapy (individual and marital) in treating depression. Psychiatry. 1995;58(2):136-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Verduyn, 2003",
          "ref": "Verduyn C, Barrowclough C, Roberts J, Tarrier N, Harrington R. Maternal depression and child behaviour problems: Randomised placebo-controlled trial of a cognitive-behavioural group intervention. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;183(OCT.):342-8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vernmark, 2010",
          "ref": "Vernmark K, Lenndin J, Bjärehed J, Carlsson M, Karlsson J, Oberg J, et al. Internet administered guided self-help versus individualized e-mail therapy: A randomized trial of two versions of CBT for major depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2010;48(5):368-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilson, 1983",
          "ref": "Wilson PH, Goldin JC, Charbonneau-Powis M. Comparative efficacy of behavioral and cognitive treatments of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1983;7(2):111-24."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wollersheim, 1991",
          "ref": "Wollersheim JP, Wilson GL. Group treatment of unipolar depression: A comparison of coping, supportive, bibliotherapy, and delayed treatment groups. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. 1991;22(6):496."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2008a",
          "ref": "Wong DF. Cognitive and health-related outcomes of group cognitive behavioural treatment for people with depressive symptoms in Hong Kong: Randomized wait-list control study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;42(8):702-11."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2008b",
          "ref": "Wong DF. Cognitive behavioral treatment groups for people with chronic depression in Hong Kong: A randomized wait-list control design. Depression and anxiety. 2008;25(2):142-8."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 162,
      "instr": "BDI-I",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory I",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Not low risk of bias",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 76,
      "k_es": 119,
      "sd": 7.979,
      "lo": 7.206,
      "hi": 8.834,
      "tau2": 0.1922,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.359,
      "phi": 18.953,
      "i2": 95.4,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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        },
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          "study": "Pecheur, 1984",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Schramm, 2020",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Scogin, 1987",
          "ref": "Scogin F, Hamblin D, Beutler L. Bibliotherapy for depressed older adults: A self-help alternative. The Gerontologist. 1987;27(3):383-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Scott, 1990",
          "ref": "Scott MJ, Stradling SG. Group cognitive therapy for depression produces clinically significant reliable change in community-based settings. Behavioural Psychotherapy. 1990;18(01):1-19."
        },
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          "study": "Scott, 1997",
          "ref": "Scott C, Tacchi MJ, Jones R, Scott J. Acute and one-year outcome of a randomised controlled trial of brief cognitive therapy for major depressive disorder in primary care. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1997;171:131-4."
        },
        {
          "study": "Selmi, 1990",
          "ref": "Selmi PM, Klein MH, Greist JH, Sorrell SP, Erdman HP. Computer-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1990;147(1):51-6."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah, 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: a randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179-189."
        },
        {
          "study": "Swartz, 2008",
          "ref": "Swartz HA, Frank E, Zuckoff A, Cyranowski JM, Houck PR, Cheng Y, et al. Brief interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed mothers whose children are receiving psychiatric treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;165(9):1155-62."
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 1977",
          "ref": "Taylor FG, Marshall WL. Experimental analysis of a cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1977;1(1):59-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Taylor, 2009",
          "ref": "Taylor CB, Conrad A, Wilhelm FH, Strachowski D, Khaylis A, Neri E, et al. Does improving mood in depressed patients alter factors that may affect cardiovascular disease risk? Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2009;43(16):1246-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Teichman, 1995",
          "ref": "Teichman Y, Bar-el Z, Shor H, Sirota P, Elizur A. A comparison of two modalities of cognitive therapy (individual and marital) in treating depression. Psychiatry. 1995;58(2):136-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Verduyn, 2003",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wilson, 1983",
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        },
        {
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 163,
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      "i2": null,
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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        },
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          "study": "Vernmark, 2010",
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        },
        {
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 164,
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
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        },
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          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
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        },
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          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
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        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 165,
      "instr": "BDI-II",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Three-level CHE model",
      "k": 143,
      "k_es": 172,
      "sd": 9.4,
      "lo": 8.819,
      "hi": 10.019,
      "tau2": 0.136,
      "tau2w": 0.0045,
      "plo": 4.496,
      "phi": 19.652,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
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        },
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          "study": "Nadort, 2022",
          "ref": "Nadort, E., Schouten, R. W., Boeschoten, R. E., Smets, Y., Chandie Shaw, P., Vleming, L. J., . . . Siegert, C. E. H. (2022). Internet-based treatment for depressive symptoms in hemodialysis patients: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 75, 46-53. doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2022.01.008"
        },
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          "study": "Nakagawa, 2017",
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        },
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          "study": "Nakao, 2018",
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        },
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          "study": "Newby, 2013",
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        },
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          "study": "Newby, 2014",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Lang T, Werner-Seidler A, Holmes E, Moulds ML. Alleviating distressing intrusive memories in depression: A comparison between computerised cognitive bias modification and cognitive behavioural education. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2014;56:60-7."
        },
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          "study": "Niedermoser, 2020",
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        },
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          "study": "Nissen, 2020",
          "ref": "Nissen ER, O'Connor M, Kaldo V, Højris I, Borre M, Zachariae R, et al. Internet-delivered mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for anxiety and depression in cancer survivors: A randomized controlled trial. Psycho-oncology. 2020;29(1):68-75."
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Olukolade, 2017",
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        },
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          "study": "Onuigbo, 2019",
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        },
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          "study": "Otu, 2023",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Piers, 2023",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Raji, 2022",
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        },
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          "study": "Ransom, 2008",
          "ref": "Ransom D, Heckman TG, Anderson T, Garske J, Holroyd K, Basta T. Telephone-delivered, interpersonal psychotherapy for HIV-infected rural persons with depression: A pilot trial. Psychiatric Services. 2008;59(8):871-7."
        },
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          "study": "Raya-Tena, 2021",
          "ref": "Raya-Tena, A., Fernández-San-Martin, M. I., Martin-Royo, J., Casañas, R., Sauch-Valmaña, G., Cols-Sagarra, C., . . . Jiménez-Herrera, M. F. (2021). Effectiveness of a Psychoeducational Group Intervention Carried Out by Nurses for Patients with Depression and Physical Comorbidity in Primary Care: Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(6). doi:10.3390/ijerph18062948"
        },
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          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
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          "study": "Richards, 2012",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., & Hevey, D. (2013). A comparison of two online cognitive-behavioural interventions for symptoms of depression in a student population: The role of therapist responsiveness. Counselling & Psychotherapy Research, 13(3), 184-193. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2013-30909-004&site=ehost-live ORCID: 0000-0003-2844-0449 ORCID: 0000-0003-2785-0753 ORCID: 0000-0003-0871-4078 derek.richards@tcd.ie"
        },
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          "study": "Richards, 2015",
          "ref": "Richards D, Timulak L, O'Brien E, Hayes C, Vigano N, Sharry J, et al. A randomized controlled trial of an internet-delivered treatment: Its potential as a low-intensity community intervention for adults with symptoms of depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2015;75:20-31."
        },
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          "study": "Richards, 2018",
          "ref": "Richards SH, Dickens C, Anderson R, et al. Assessing the effectiveness of Enhanced Psychological Care for patients with depressive symptoms attending cardiac rehabilitation compared with treatment as usual (CADENCE): a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial. Trials 2018; 19(1)."
        },
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          "study": "Rief, 2018",
          "ref": "Rief W, Bleichhardt G, Dannehl K, Euteneuer F, Wambach K. Comparing the Efficacy of CBASP with Two Versions of CBT for Depression in a Routine Care Center: a Randomized Clinical Trial. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics 2018;"
        },
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          "study": "Ritvo, 2021",
          "ref": "Ritvo, P., et al. (2021). \"Online Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention for Youth With Major Depressive Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(3): e24380."
        },
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          "study": "Rogiers, 2022",
          "ref": "Rogiers, R., Baeken, C., Van den Abbeele, D., Watkins, E. R., Remue, J., Colman, R., . . . Lemmens, G. M. D. (2022). Group intervention ‘Drop It!’ decreases repetitive negative thinking in major depressive disorder and/or generalized anxiety disorder: A randomised controlled study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 46(1), 182-196. doi:10.1007/s10608-021-10240-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rohan, 2007",
          "ref": "Rohan KJ, Roecklein KA, Lindsey KT, Johnson LG, Lippy RD, Lacy TJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, and their combination for seasonal affective disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2007;75(3):489-500."
        },
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          "study": "Russell, 2020",
          "ref": "Russell, A., Gaunt, D. M., Cooper, K., Barton, S., Horwood, J., Kessler, D., . . . et al. (2019). The feasibility of low-intensity psychological therapy for depression co-occurring with autism in adults: the Autism Depression Trial (ADEPT) – a pilot randomised controlled trial. Autism. doi:10.1177/1362361319889272"
        },
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          "study": "Sandoval, 2017",
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        },
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          "study": "Savari, 2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Schmidt, 2012",
          "ref": "Schmidt, N. B., Buckner, J. D., Pusser, A., Woolaway-Bickel, K., Preston, J. L., & Norr, A. (2012). Randomized controlled trial of false safety behavior elimination therapy: a unified cognitive behavioral treatment for anxiety psychopathology. Behav Ther, 43(3), 518-532. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2012.02.006"
        },
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          "study": "Serfaty, 2009",
          "ref": "Serfaty MA, Haworth D, Blanchard M, Buszewicz M, Murad S, King M. Clinical effectiveness of individual cognitive behavioral therapy for depressed older people in primary care: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2009;66(12):1332-40."
        },
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          "study": "Serfaty, 2020",
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        },
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          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Titov, 2010",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
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        },
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          "study": "Victor-Aigbodion, 2023",
          "ref": "Victor-Aigbodion, V., Eseadi, C., Ardi, Z., Sewagegn, A. A., Ololo, K., Abonor, L. B., . . . Effanga, O. A. (2023). Effectiveness of rational emotive behavior therapy in reducing depression among undergraduate medical students. Medicine (Baltimore), 102(4), e32724. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000032724"
        },
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          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
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          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013b",
          "ref": "Williams C, Wilson P, Morrison J, McMahon A, Andrew W, Allan L, et al. Guided self-help cognitive behavioural therapy for depression in primary care: A randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e52735."
        },
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          "study": "Winnebeck, 2017",
          "ref": "Winnebeck, E., Fissler, M., Gärtner, M., Chadwick, P., & Barnhofer, T. (2017). Brief training in mindfulness meditation reduces symptoms in patients with a chronic or recurrent lifetime history of depression: A randomized controlled study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 99, 124-130. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.10.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yang, 2018",
          "ref": "Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zu S, Zhao J. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: a six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. Journal of affective disorders 2018; 226: 251‐60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 166,
      "instr": "BDI-II",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Fixed-effect",
      "k": 143,
      "k_es": 172,
      "sd": 9.631,
      "lo": 9.521,
      "hi": 9.743,
      "tau2": null,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": null,
      "phi": null,
      "i2": 96.4,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
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          "study": "Piers, 2023",
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        },
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          "study": "Raji, 2022",
          "ref": "Raji Lahiji, M., Sajadian, A., Haghighat, S., Zarrati, M., Dareini, H., Raji Lahiji, M., & Razmpoosh, E. (2022). Effectiveness of logotherapy and nutrition counseling on psychological status, quality of life, and dietary intake among breast cancer survivors with depressive disorder: a randomized clinical trial. Supportive Care in Cancer. doi:10.1007/s00520-022-07237-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ransom, 2008",
          "ref": "Ransom D, Heckman TG, Anderson T, Garske J, Holroyd K, Basta T. Telephone-delivered, interpersonal psychotherapy for HIV-infected rural persons with depression: A pilot trial. Psychiatric Services. 2008;59(8):871-7."
        },
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          "study": "Raya-Tena, 2021",
          "ref": "Raya-Tena, A., Fernández-San-Martin, M. I., Martin-Royo, J., Casañas, R., Sauch-Valmaña, G., Cols-Sagarra, C., . . . Jiménez-Herrera, M. F. (2021). Effectiveness of a Psychoeducational Group Intervention Carried Out by Nurses for Patients with Depression and Physical Comorbidity in Primary Care: Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(6). doi:10.3390/ijerph18062948"
        },
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          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
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          "study": "Richards, 2012",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., & Hevey, D. (2013). A comparison of two online cognitive-behavioural interventions for symptoms of depression in a student population: The role of therapist responsiveness. Counselling & Psychotherapy Research, 13(3), 184-193. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2013-30909-004&site=ehost-live ORCID: 0000-0003-2844-0449 ORCID: 0000-0003-2785-0753 ORCID: 0000-0003-0871-4078 derek.richards@tcd.ie"
        },
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          "study": "Richards, 2015",
          "ref": "Richards D, Timulak L, O'Brien E, Hayes C, Vigano N, Sharry J, et al. A randomized controlled trial of an internet-delivered treatment: Its potential as a low-intensity community intervention for adults with symptoms of depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2015;75:20-31."
        },
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          "study": "Richards, 2018",
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          "study": "Rief, 2018",
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        },
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          "study": "Ritvo, 2021",
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          "study": "Rogiers, 2022",
          "ref": "Rogiers, R., Baeken, C., Van den Abbeele, D., Watkins, E. R., Remue, J., Colman, R., . . . Lemmens, G. M. D. (2022). Group intervention ‘Drop It!’ decreases repetitive negative thinking in major depressive disorder and/or generalized anxiety disorder: A randomised controlled study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 46(1), 182-196. doi:10.1007/s10608-021-10240-8"
        },
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          "study": "Rohan, 2007",
          "ref": "Rohan KJ, Roecklein KA, Lindsey KT, Johnson LG, Lippy RD, Lacy TJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, and their combination for seasonal affective disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2007;75(3):489-500."
        },
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          "study": "Russell, 2020",
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        },
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          "study": "Sandoval, 2017",
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        },
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          "study": "Savari, 2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Schmidt, 2012",
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        },
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          "study": "Serfaty, 2009",
          "ref": "Serfaty MA, Haworth D, Blanchard M, Buszewicz M, Murad S, King M. Clinical effectiveness of individual cognitive behavioral therapy for depressed older people in primary care: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2009;66(12):1332-40."
        },
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          "study": "Serfaty, 2020",
          "ref": "Serfaty, M., King, M., Nazareth, I., Moorey, S., Aspden, T., Tookman, A., . . . Jones, L. (2019). Manualised cognitive and behavioural therapy in treating depression in advanced cancer: the CanTalk RCT. Health Technology Assessment, 23(19), 1‐106. doi:10.3310/hta23190"
        },
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          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Titov, 2010",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
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        },
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          "study": "Victor-Aigbodion, 2023",
          "ref": "Victor-Aigbodion, V., Eseadi, C., Ardi, Z., Sewagegn, A. A., Ololo, K., Abonor, L. B., . . . Effanga, O. A. (2023). Effectiveness of rational emotive behavior therapy in reducing depression among undergraduate medical students. Medicine (Baltimore), 102(4), e32724. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000032724"
        },
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          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
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        },
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          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
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        },
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          "study": "Williams, 2013",
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        },
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          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
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        },
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          "study": "Williams, 2013b",
          "ref": "Williams C, Wilson P, Morrison J, McMahon A, Andrew W, Allan L, et al. Guided self-help cognitive behavioural therapy for depression in primary care: A randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e52735."
        },
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          "study": "Winnebeck, 2017",
          "ref": "Winnebeck, E., Fissler, M., Gärtner, M., Chadwick, P., & Barnhofer, T. (2017). Brief training in mindfulness meditation reduces symptoms in patients with a chronic or recurrent lifetime history of depression: A randomized controlled study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 99, 124-130. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.10.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yang, 2018",
          "ref": "Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zu S, Zhao J. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: a six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. Journal of affective disorders 2018; 226: 251‐60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 167,
      "instr": "BDI-II",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Outliers removed (sensitivity)",
      "k": 75,
      "k_es": 88,
      "sd": 9.665,
      "lo": 9.371,
      "hi": 9.969,
      "tau2": 0.0107,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 7.872,
      "phi": 11.867,
      "i2": 66.3,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Lappalainen, 2015",
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        },
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          "study": "Lexis, 2011",
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        },
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          "study": "Liu, 2009",
          "ref": "Liu ET-H, Chen W-L, Li Y-H, Wang CH, Mok TJ, Huang HS. Exploring the efficacy of cognitive bibliotherapy and a potential mechanism of change in the treatment of depressive symptoms among the Chinese: A randomized controlled trial. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 2009;33(5):449-61."
        },
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          "study": "Mansour, 2022",
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        },
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          "study": "Martin, 2015",
          "ref": "Martin PR, Aiello R, Gilson K, Meadows G, Milgrom J, Reece J. Cognitive behavior therapy for comorbid migraine and/or tension-type headache and major depressive disorder: An exploratory randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2015;73:8-18."
        },
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          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
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        },
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          "study": "McIndoo, 2016",
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        },
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          "study": "Milgrom, 2011",
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        },
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          "study": "Milgrom, 2015b",
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        },
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          "study": "Milgrom, 2016",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Montero-Marin, 2016",
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        },
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          "study": "Nakao, 2018",
          "ref": "Nakao, S., Nakagawa, A., Oguchi, Y., Mitsuda, D., Kato, N., Nakagawa, Y., Tamura, N., Kudo, Y., Abe, T., Hiyama, M., Iwashita, S., Ono, Y., & Mimura, M. Web-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Blended With Face-to-Face Sessions for Major Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(9), e10743."
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          "study": "Newby, 2013",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Serfaty, 2020",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Spek, 2007",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Strauss, 2012",
          "ref": "Strauss C, Hayward M, Chadwick P. Group person-based cognitive therapy for chronic depression: A pilot randomized controlled trial. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2012;51(3):345-50."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tovote, 2014",
          "ref": "Tovote KA, Fleer J, Snippe E, Peeters A, Emmelkamp PMG, Sanderman R, et al. Individual mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for treating depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2014;37(9):2427-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner, 2013",
          "ref": "Turner A, Hambridge J, Baker A, Bowman J, McElduff P. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behaviour therapy versus brief intervention for depression in cardiac patients. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2013;47(3):235-43."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 168,
      "instr": "BDI-II",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Influence analysis (sensitivity)",
      "k": 140,
      "k_es": 168,
      "sd": 9.524,
      "lo": 9.016,
      "hi": 10.061,
      "tau2": 0.1009,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 5.097,
      "phi": 17.795,
      "i2": 95.2,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Victor-Aigbodion, 2023",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013b",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Winnebeck, 2017",
          "ref": "Winnebeck, E., Fissler, M., Gärtner, M., Chadwick, P., & Barnhofer, T. (2017). Brief training in mindfulness meditation reduces symptoms in patients with a chronic or recurrent lifetime history of depression: A randomized controlled study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 99, 124-130. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.10.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yang, 2018",
          "ref": "Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zu S, Zhao J. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: a six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. Journal of affective disorders 2018; 226: 251‐60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
      ]
    },
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      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
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      "sg": "Age group",
      "sgv": "Adults",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 114,
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Titov, 2010",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Winnebeck, 2017",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 170,
      "instr": "BDI-II",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Age group",
      "sgv": "Adults",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 143,
      "k_es": 172,
      "sd": 9.4,
      "lo": 8.819,
      "hi": 10.019,
      "tau2": 0.136,
      "tau2w": 0.0045,
      "plo": 4.496,
      "phi": 19.652,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2014",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Lang T, Werner-Seidler A, Holmes E, Moulds ML. Alleviating distressing intrusive memories in depression: A comparison between computerised cognitive bias modification and cognitive behavioural education. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2014;56:60-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Niedermoser, 2020",
          "ref": "Niedermoser DW, Kalak N, Kiyhankhadiv A, et al. Workplace-Related Interpersonal Group Psychotherapy to Improve Life at Work in Individuals With Major Depressive Disorders: a Randomized Interventional Pilot Study. Frontiers in psychiatry. 2020;11."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nissen, 2020",
          "ref": "Nissen ER, O'Connor M, Kaldo V, Højris I, Borre M, Zachariae R, et al. Internet-delivered mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for anxiety and depression in cancer survivors: A randomized controlled trial. Psycho-oncology. 2020;29(1):68-75."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Mahen, 2013a",
          "ref": "O'Mahen H, Himle JA, Fedock G, Henshaw E, Flynn H. A pilot randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for perinatal depression adapted for women with low incomes. Depression and anxiety. 2013;30(7):679-87."
        },
        {
          "study": "Olukolade, 2017",
          "ref": "Olukolade, O., & Osinowo, H. (2017). Efficacy of Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapy on Poststroke Depression among Survivors of First Stroke Attack in Ibadan, Nigeria. Behavioural Neurology, 2017"
        },
        {
          "study": "Onuigbo, 2019",
          "ref": "Onuigbo, L. N., Eseadi, C., Ebifa, S., Ugwu, U. C., Onyishi, C. N., & Oyeoku, E. K. (2019). Effect of rational emotive behavior therapy program on depressive symptoms among university students with blindness in Nigeria. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 37(1), 17-38. doi:10.1007/s10942-018-0297-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Otu, 2023",
          "ref": "Otu MS, Ebizie EN, Otu FM, Eseadi C. Efficacy of a counselling video blog intervention from YouTube on depression reduction among primary school teachers. Psychological Studies. 2023;68(3):335-41."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pardini, 2014 (study 2)",
          "ref": "Pardini J, Scogin F, Schriver J, Domino M, Wilson D, LaRocca M. Efficacy and process of cognitive bibliotherapy for the treatment of depression in jail and prison inmates. Psychological services 2014-11(2): 141-52. (study2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Patel, 2017",
          "ref": "Patel, V., Weobong, B., Weiss, H., Anand, A., Bhat, B., Katti, B., . . . Fairburn, C. (2017). The Healthy Activity Program (HAP), a lay counsellor-delivered brief psychological treatment for severe depression, in primary care in India: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (london, england), 389(10065), 176-185."
        },
        {
          "study": "Perini, 2009",
          "ref": "Perini S, Titov N, Andrews G. Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for depression: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;43(6):571-8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Piers, 2023",
          "ref": "Piers, R. J., Farchione, T. J., Wong, B., Rosellini, A. J., & Cronin-Golomb, A. (2023). Telehealth Transdiagnostic Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression in Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Movement Disorders Clinical Practice, 10(1), 79-85. doi:10.1002/mdc3.13587"
        },
        {
          "study": "Preschl, 2012",
          "ref": "Preschl B, Maercker A, Wagner B, Forstmeier S, Banos RM, Alcaniz M, et al. Life-review therapy with computer supplements for depression in the elderly: A randomized controlled trial. Aging and Mental Health. 2012;16(8):964-74."
        },
        {
          "study": "Psarraki, 2021",
          "ref": "Psarraki, E. E., Bacopoulou, F., Panagoulias, E., Michou, M., Pelekasis, P., Artemiadis, A., . . . Darviri, C. (2021). The effects of Pythagorean Self-Awareness Intervention on patients with major depressive disorder: A pilot randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res, 138, 326-334. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.067"
        },
        {
          "study": "Raji, 2022",
          "ref": "Raji Lahiji, M., Sajadian, A., Haghighat, S., Zarrati, M., Dareini, H., Raji Lahiji, M., & Razmpoosh, E. (2022). Effectiveness of logotherapy and nutrition counseling on psychological status, quality of life, and dietary intake among breast cancer survivors with depressive disorder: a randomized clinical trial. Supportive Care in Cancer. doi:10.1007/s00520-022-07237-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ransom, 2008",
          "ref": "Ransom D, Heckman TG, Anderson T, Garske J, Holroyd K, Basta T. Telephone-delivered, interpersonal psychotherapy for HIV-infected rural persons with depression: A pilot trial. Psychiatric Services. 2008;59(8):871-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Raya-Tena, 2021",
          "ref": "Raya-Tena, A., Fernández-San-Martin, M. I., Martin-Royo, J., Casañas, R., Sauch-Valmaña, G., Cols-Sagarra, C., . . . Jiménez-Herrera, M. F. (2021). Effectiveness of a Psychoeducational Group Intervention Carried Out by Nurses for Patients with Depression and Physical Comorbidity in Primary Care: Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(6). doi:10.3390/ijerph18062948"
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2012",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., & Hevey, D. (2013). A comparison of two online cognitive-behavioural interventions for symptoms of depression in a student population: The role of therapist responsiveness. Counselling & Psychotherapy Research, 13(3), 184-193. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2013-30909-004&site=ehost-live ORCID: 0000-0003-2844-0449 ORCID: 0000-0003-2785-0753 ORCID: 0000-0003-0871-4078 derek.richards@tcd.ie"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2015",
          "ref": "Richards D, Timulak L, O'Brien E, Hayes C, Vigano N, Sharry J, et al. A randomized controlled trial of an internet-delivered treatment: Its potential as a low-intensity community intervention for adults with symptoms of depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2015;75:20-31."
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2018",
          "ref": "Richards SH, Dickens C, Anderson R, et al. Assessing the effectiveness of Enhanced Psychological Care for patients with depressive symptoms attending cardiac rehabilitation compared with treatment as usual (CADENCE): a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial. Trials 2018; 19(1)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rief, 2018",
          "ref": "Rief W, Bleichhardt G, Dannehl K, Euteneuer F, Wambach K. Comparing the Efficacy of CBASP with Two Versions of CBT for Depression in a Routine Care Center: a Randomized Clinical Trial. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics 2018;"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ritvo, 2021",
          "ref": "Ritvo, P., et al. (2021). \"Online Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention for Youth With Major Depressive Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(3): e24380."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rogiers, 2022",
          "ref": "Rogiers, R., Baeken, C., Van den Abbeele, D., Watkins, E. R., Remue, J., Colman, R., . . . Lemmens, G. M. D. (2022). Group intervention ‘Drop It!’ decreases repetitive negative thinking in major depressive disorder and/or generalized anxiety disorder: A randomised controlled study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 46(1), 182-196. doi:10.1007/s10608-021-10240-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rohan, 2007",
          "ref": "Rohan KJ, Roecklein KA, Lindsey KT, Johnson LG, Lippy RD, Lacy TJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, and their combination for seasonal affective disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2007;75(3):489-500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell, 2020",
          "ref": "Russell, A., Gaunt, D. M., Cooper, K., Barton, S., Horwood, J., Kessler, D., . . . et al. (2019). The feasibility of low-intensity psychological therapy for depression co-occurring with autism in adults: the Autism Depression Trial (ADEPT) – a pilot randomised controlled trial. Autism. doi:10.1177/1362361319889272"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sandoval, 2017",
          "ref": "Sandoval, L., Buckey, J., Ainslie, R., Tombari, M., Stone, W., & Hegel, M. (2017). Randomized Controlled Trial of a Computerized Interactive Media-Based Problem Solving Treatment for Depression. Behavior Therapy, 48(3), 413-425."
        },
        {
          "study": "Savari, 2021",
          "ref": "Savari, Y., Mohagheghi, H., & Petrocchi, N. (2021). A preliminary investigation on the effectiveness of compassionate mind training for students with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Mindfulness, 12(5), 1159-1172. doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01584-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schmidt, 2012",
          "ref": "Schmidt, N. B., Buckner, J. D., Pusser, A., Woolaway-Bickel, K., Preston, J. L., & Norr, A. (2012). Randomized controlled trial of false safety behavior elimination therapy: a unified cognitive behavioral treatment for anxiety psychopathology. Behav Ther, 43(3), 518-532. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2012.02.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Serfaty, 2009",
          "ref": "Serfaty MA, Haworth D, Blanchard M, Buszewicz M, Murad S, King M. Clinical effectiveness of individual cognitive behavioral therapy for depressed older people in primary care: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2009;66(12):1332-40."
        },
        {
          "study": "Serfaty, 2020",
          "ref": "Serfaty, M., King, M., Nazareth, I., Moorey, S., Aspden, T., Tookman, A., . . . Jones, L. (2019). Manualised cognitive and behavioural therapy in treating depression in advanced cancer: the CanTalk RCT. Health Technology Assessment, 23(19), 1‐106. doi:10.3310/hta23190"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Spek, 2007",
          "ref": "Spek V, Nyklicek I, Smits N, Cuijpers P, Riper H, Keyzer J, et al. Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for subthreshold depression in people over 50 years old: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Psychological Medicine. 2007;37(12):1797-806."
        },
        {
          "study": "Steel, 2020",
          "ref": "Steel, C., Korrelboom, K., Baksh, M. F., Kingdon, D., Simon, J., Wykes, T., ... & van der Gaag, M. (2020). Positive memory training for the treatment of depression in schizophrenia: A randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 135, 103734."
        },
        {
          "study": "Strauss, 2012",
          "ref": "Strauss C, Hayward M, Chadwick P. Group person-based cognitive therapy for chronic depression: A pilot randomized controlled trial. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2012;51(3):345-50."
        },
        {
          "study": "Takagaki, 2016",
          "ref": "Takagaki K, Okamoto Y, Jinnin R, Mori A, Nishiyama Y, Yamamura T, et al. Behavioral activation for late adolescents with subthreshold depression: A randomized controlled trial. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2016;25(11):1171-82."
        },
        {
          "study": "Talbot, 2011",
          "ref": "Talbot NL, Chaudron LH, Ward EA, Duberstein PR, Conwell Y, O'Hara MW, et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed women with sexual abuse histories. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(4):374-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tovote, 2014",
          "ref": "Tovote KA, Fleer J, Snippe E, Peeters A, Emmelkamp PMG, Sanderman R, et al. Individual mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for treating depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2014;37(9):2427-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner, 2013",
          "ref": "Turner A, Hambridge J, Baker A, Bowman J, McElduff P. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behaviour therapy versus brief intervention for depression in cardiac patients. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2013;47(3):235-43."
        },
        {
          "study": "Victor-Aigbodion, 2023",
          "ref": "Victor-Aigbodion, V., Eseadi, C., Ardi, Z., Sewagegn, A. A., Ololo, K., Abonor, L. B., . . . Effanga, O. A. (2023). Effectiveness of rational emotive behavior therapy in reducing depression among undergraduate medical students. Medicine (Baltimore), 102(4), e32724. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000032724"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013b",
          "ref": "Williams C, Wilson P, Morrison J, McMahon A, Andrew W, Allan L, et al. Guided self-help cognitive behavioural therapy for depression in primary care: A randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e52735."
        },
        {
          "study": "Winnebeck, 2017",
          "ref": "Winnebeck, E., Fissler, M., Gärtner, M., Chadwick, P., & Barnhofer, T. (2017). Brief training in mindfulness meditation reduces symptoms in patients with a chronic or recurrent lifetime history of depression: A randomized controlled study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 99, 124-130. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.10.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yang, 2018",
          "ref": "Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zu S, Zhao J. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: a six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. Journal of affective disorders 2018; 226: 251‐60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "De Groot, 2019",
          "ref": "De Groot, M., Shubrook, J. H., Hornsby, W. G., Pillay, Y., Mather, K. J., Fitzpatrick, K., . . . Saha, C. (2019). Program ACTIVE II: Outcomes from a randomized, multistate community-based depression treatment for rural and urban adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care, 42(7), 1185-1193. doi:10.2337/dc18-2400"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dekker, 2012",
          "ref": "Dekker RL, Moser DK, Peden AR, Lennie TA. Cognitive therapy improves three-month outcomes in hospitalized patients with heart failure. Journal of cardiac failure. 2012;18(1):10-20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Desautels, 2018",
          "ref": "Desautels, C., Savard, J., Ivers, H., Savard, M. H., & Caplette-Gingras, A. (2018). Treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive therapy and bright light therapy [Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial]. Health Psychology, 37(1), 1‐13. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000539"
        },
        {
          "study": "Freedland, 2015",
          "ref": "Freedland KE, Carney RM, Rich MW, Steinmeyer BC, Rubin EH. Cognitive behavior therapy for depression and self-care in heart failure patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2015;175(11):1773-82."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "Laidlaw, 2008",
          "ref": "Laidlaw K, Davidson K, Toner H, Jackson G, Clark S, Law J, et al. A randomised controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy vs treatment as usual in the treatment of mild to moderate late life depression. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2008;23(8):843-50."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nadort, 2022",
          "ref": "Nadort, E., Schouten, R. W., Boeschoten, R. E., Smets, Y., Chandie Shaw, P., Vleming, L. J., . . . Siegert, C. E. H. (2022). Internet-based treatment for depressive symptoms in hemodialysis patients: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 75, 46-53. doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2022.01.008"
        },
        {
          "study": "Piers, 2023",
          "ref": "Piers, R. J., Farchione, T. J., Wong, B., Rosellini, A. J., & Cronin-Golomb, A. (2023). Telehealth Transdiagnostic Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression in Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Movement Disorders Clinical Practice, 10(1), 79-85. doi:10.1002/mdc3.13587"
        },
        {
          "study": "Preschl, 2012",
          "ref": "Preschl B, Maercker A, Wagner B, Forstmeier S, Banos RM, Alcaniz M, et al. Life-review therapy with computer supplements for depression in the elderly: A randomized controlled trial. Aging and Mental Health. 2012;16(8):964-74."
        },
        {
          "study": "Raya-Tena, 2021",
          "ref": "Raya-Tena, A., Fernández-San-Martin, M. I., Martin-Royo, J., Casañas, R., Sauch-Valmaña, G., Cols-Sagarra, C., . . . Jiménez-Herrera, M. F. (2021). Effectiveness of a Psychoeducational Group Intervention Carried Out by Nurses for Patients with Depression and Physical Comorbidity in Primary Care: Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(6). doi:10.3390/ijerph18062948"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2018",
          "ref": "Richards SH, Dickens C, Anderson R, et al. Assessing the effectiveness of Enhanced Psychological Care for patients with depressive symptoms attending cardiac rehabilitation compared with treatment as usual (CADENCE): a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial. Trials 2018; 19(1)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Serfaty, 2009",
          "ref": "Serfaty MA, Haworth D, Blanchard M, Buszewicz M, Murad S, King M. Clinical effectiveness of individual cognitive behavioral therapy for depressed older people in primary care: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2009;66(12):1332-40."
        },
        {
          "study": "Serfaty, 2020",
          "ref": "Serfaty, M., King, M., Nazareth, I., Moorey, S., Aspden, T., Tookman, A., . . . Jones, L. (2019). Manualised cognitive and behavioural therapy in treating depression in advanced cancer: the CanTalk RCT. Health Technology Assessment, 23(19), 1‐106. doi:10.3310/hta23190"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Spek, 2007",
          "ref": "Spek V, Nyklicek I, Smits N, Cuijpers P, Riper H, Keyzer J, et al. Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for subthreshold depression in people over 50 years old: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Psychological Medicine. 2007;37(12):1797-806."
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner, 2013",
          "ref": "Turner A, Hambridge J, Baker A, Bowman J, McElduff P. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behaviour therapy versus brief intervention for depression in cardiac patients. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2013;47(3):235-43."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Amano, 2023",
          "ref": "Amano, M., Katayama, N., Umeda, S., Terasawa, Y., Tabuchi, H., Kikuchi, T., . . . Nakagawa, A. (2023). The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on future thinking in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.997154"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Au, 2022",
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          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
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          "study": "Musa, 2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Nadort, 2022",
          "ref": "Nadort, E., Schouten, R. W., Boeschoten, R. E., Smets, Y., Chandie Shaw, P., Vleming, L. J., . . . Siegert, C. E. H. (2022). Internet-based treatment for depressive symptoms in hemodialysis patients: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 75, 46-53. doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2022.01.008"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakagawa, 2017",
          "ref": "Nakagawa, A., Mitsuda, D., Sado, M., Abe, T., Fujisawa, D., Kikuchi, T., . . . Ono, Y. (2017). Effectiveness of supplementary cognitive-behavioral therapy for pharmacotherapy-resistant depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of clinical psychiatry, 78(8), 1126-1135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakao, 2018",
          "ref": "Nakao, S., Nakagawa, A., Oguchi, Y., Mitsuda, D., Kato, N., Nakagawa, Y., Tamura, N., Kudo, Y., Abe, T., Hiyama, M., Iwashita, S., Ono, Y., & Mimura, M. Web-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Blended With Face-to-Face Sessions for Major Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(9), e10743."
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2013",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2014",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Lang T, Werner-Seidler A, Holmes E, Moulds ML. Alleviating distressing intrusive memories in depression: A comparison between computerised cognitive bias modification and cognitive behavioural education. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2014;56:60-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Niedermoser, 2020",
          "ref": "Niedermoser DW, Kalak N, Kiyhankhadiv A, et al. Workplace-Related Interpersonal Group Psychotherapy to Improve Life at Work in Individuals With Major Depressive Disorders: a Randomized Interventional Pilot Study. Frontiers in psychiatry. 2020;11."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nissen, 2020",
          "ref": "Nissen ER, O'Connor M, Kaldo V, Højris I, Borre M, Zachariae R, et al. Internet-delivered mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for anxiety and depression in cancer survivors: A randomized controlled trial. Psycho-oncology. 2020;29(1):68-75."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Mahen, 2013a",
          "ref": "O'Mahen H, Himle JA, Fedock G, Henshaw E, Flynn H. A pilot randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for perinatal depression adapted for women with low incomes. Depression and anxiety. 2013;30(7):679-87."
        },
        {
          "study": "Olukolade, 2017",
          "ref": "Olukolade, O., & Osinowo, H. (2017). Efficacy of Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapy on Poststroke Depression among Survivors of First Stroke Attack in Ibadan, Nigeria. Behavioural Neurology, 2017"
        },
        {
          "study": "Onuigbo, 2019",
          "ref": "Onuigbo, L. N., Eseadi, C., Ebifa, S., Ugwu, U. C., Onyishi, C. N., & Oyeoku, E. K. (2019). Effect of rational emotive behavior therapy program on depressive symptoms among university students with blindness in Nigeria. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 37(1), 17-38. doi:10.1007/s10942-018-0297-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Otu, 2023",
          "ref": "Otu MS, Ebizie EN, Otu FM, Eseadi C. Efficacy of a counselling video blog intervention from YouTube on depression reduction among primary school teachers. Psychological Studies. 2023;68(3):335-41."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pardini, 2014 (study 2)",
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        },
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          "study": "Patel, 2017",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Perini, 2009",
          "ref": "Perini S, Titov N, Andrews G. Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for depression: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;43(6):571-8."
        },
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          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Piers, 2023",
          "ref": "Piers, R. J., Farchione, T. J., Wong, B., Rosellini, A. J., & Cronin-Golomb, A. (2023). Telehealth Transdiagnostic Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression in Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Movement Disorders Clinical Practice, 10(1), 79-85. doi:10.1002/mdc3.13587"
        },
        {
          "study": "Preschl, 2012",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Psarraki, 2021",
          "ref": "Psarraki, E. E., Bacopoulou, F., Panagoulias, E., Michou, M., Pelekasis, P., Artemiadis, A., . . . Darviri, C. (2021). The effects of Pythagorean Self-Awareness Intervention on patients with major depressive disorder: A pilot randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res, 138, 326-334. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.067"
        },
        {
          "study": "Raji, 2022",
          "ref": "Raji Lahiji, M., Sajadian, A., Haghighat, S., Zarrati, M., Dareini, H., Raji Lahiji, M., & Razmpoosh, E. (2022). Effectiveness of logotherapy and nutrition counseling on psychological status, quality of life, and dietary intake among breast cancer survivors with depressive disorder: a randomized clinical trial. Supportive Care in Cancer. doi:10.1007/s00520-022-07237-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ransom, 2008",
          "ref": "Ransom D, Heckman TG, Anderson T, Garske J, Holroyd K, Basta T. Telephone-delivered, interpersonal psychotherapy for HIV-infected rural persons with depression: A pilot trial. Psychiatric Services. 2008;59(8):871-7."
        },
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          "study": "Raya-Tena, 2021",
          "ref": "Raya-Tena, A., Fernández-San-Martin, M. I., Martin-Royo, J., Casañas, R., Sauch-Valmaña, G., Cols-Sagarra, C., . . . Jiménez-Herrera, M. F. (2021). Effectiveness of a Psychoeducational Group Intervention Carried Out by Nurses for Patients with Depression and Physical Comorbidity in Primary Care: Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(6). doi:10.3390/ijerph18062948"
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2012",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., & Hevey, D. (2013). A comparison of two online cognitive-behavioural interventions for symptoms of depression in a student population: The role of therapist responsiveness. Counselling & Psychotherapy Research, 13(3), 184-193. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2013-30909-004&site=ehost-live ORCID: 0000-0003-2844-0449 ORCID: 0000-0003-2785-0753 ORCID: 0000-0003-0871-4078 derek.richards@tcd.ie"
        },
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          "study": "Richards, 2015",
          "ref": "Richards D, Timulak L, O'Brien E, Hayes C, Vigano N, Sharry J, et al. A randomized controlled trial of an internet-delivered treatment: Its potential as a low-intensity community intervention for adults with symptoms of depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2015;75:20-31."
        },
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          "study": "Richards, 2018",
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        },
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          "study": "Rief, 2018",
          "ref": "Rief W, Bleichhardt G, Dannehl K, Euteneuer F, Wambach K. Comparing the Efficacy of CBASP with Two Versions of CBT for Depression in a Routine Care Center: a Randomized Clinical Trial. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics 2018;"
        },
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          "study": "Ritvo, 2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Rogiers, 2022",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Rohan, 2007",
          "ref": "Rohan KJ, Roecklein KA, Lindsey KT, Johnson LG, Lippy RD, Lacy TJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, and their combination for seasonal affective disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2007;75(3):489-500."
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Sandoval, 2017",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Savari, 2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Schmidt, 2012",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Serfaty, 2009",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yang, 2018",
          "ref": "Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zu S, Zhao J. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: a six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. Journal of affective disorders 2018; 226: 251‐60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "BDI-II",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
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      "k": 13,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Eseadi, 2022",
          "ref": "Eseadi, C., Ilechukwu, L. C., Victor-Aigbodion, V., Sewagegn, A. A., & Amedu, A. N. (2022). Intervention for depression among undergraduate religious education students: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore), 101(41), e31034. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000031034"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereydouni, 2022",
          "ref": "Fereydouni, S., & Forstmeier, S. (2022). An Islamic Form of Logotherapy in the Treatment of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Symptoms in University Students in Iran. J Relig Health, 61(1), 139-157. doi:10.1007/s10943-021-01495-0"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gawrysiak, 2009",
          "ref": "Gawrysiak M, Nicholas C, Hopko DR. Behavioral activation for moderately depressed university students: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 2009;56(3):468-75."
        },
        {
          "study": "McIndoo, 2016",
          "ref": "McIndoo CC, File AA, Preddy T, Clark CG, Hopko DR. Mindfulness-based therapy and behavioral activation: A randomized controlled trial with depressed college students. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2016;77:118-28."
        },
        {
          "study": "Moldovan, 2013",
          "ref": "Moldovan R, Cobeanu O, David D. Cognitive bibliotherapy for mild depressive symptomatology: Randomized clinical trial of efficacy and mechanisms of change. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2013;20(6):482-93."
        },
        {
          "study": "Onuigbo, 2019",
          "ref": "Onuigbo, L. N., Eseadi, C., Ebifa, S., Ugwu, U. C., Onyishi, C. N., & Oyeoku, E. K. (2019). Effect of rational emotive behavior therapy program on depressive symptoms among university students with blindness in Nigeria. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 37(1), 17-38. doi:10.1007/s10942-018-0297-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ritvo, 2021",
          "ref": "Ritvo, P., et al. (2021). \"Online Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention for Youth With Major Depressive Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(3): e24380."
        },
        {
          "study": "Savari, 2021",
          "ref": "Savari, Y., Mohagheghi, H., & Petrocchi, N. (2021). A preliminary investigation on the effectiveness of compassionate mind training for students with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Mindfulness, 12(5), 1159-1172. doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01584-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Takagaki, 2016",
          "ref": "Takagaki K, Okamoto Y, Jinnin R, Mori A, Nishiyama Y, Yamamura T, et al. Behavioral activation for late adolescents with subthreshold depression: A randomized controlled trial. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2016;25(11):1171-82."
        },
        {
          "study": "Victor-Aigbodion, 2023",
          "ref": "Victor-Aigbodion, V., Eseadi, C., Ardi, Z., Sewagegn, A. A., Ololo, K., Abonor, L. B., . . . Effanga, O. A. (2023). Effectiveness of rational emotive behavior therapy in reducing depression among undergraduate medical students. Medicine (Baltimore), 102(4), e32724. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000032724"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yang, 2018",
          "ref": "Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zu S, Zhao J. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: a six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. Journal of affective disorders 2018; 226: 251‐60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "BDI-II",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Age group",
      "sgv": "Young adults",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
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      "k_es": 172,
      "sd": 9.4,
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      "hi": 10.019,
      "tau2": 0.136,
      "tau2w": 0.0045,
      "plo": 4.496,
      "phi": 19.652,
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      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Amano, 2023",
          "ref": "Amano, M., Katayama, N., Umeda, S., Terasawa, Y., Tabuchi, H., Kikuchi, T., . . . Nakagawa, A. (2023). The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on future thinking in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.997154"
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Nadort, 2022",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Newby, 2014",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Ransom, 2008",
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        },
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          "study": "Raya-Tena, 2021",
          "ref": "Raya-Tena, A., Fernández-San-Martin, M. I., Martin-Royo, J., Casañas, R., Sauch-Valmaña, G., Cols-Sagarra, C., . . . Jiménez-Herrera, M. F. (2021). Effectiveness of a Psychoeducational Group Intervention Carried Out by Nurses for Patients with Depression and Physical Comorbidity in Primary Care: Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(6). doi:10.3390/ijerph18062948"
        },
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          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
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        },
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          "study": "Richards, 2012",
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        },
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          "study": "Richards, 2015",
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        },
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          "study": "Richards, 2018",
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          "study": "Rief, 2018",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Rohan, 2007",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
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        },
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          "study": "Williams, 2013",
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        },
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          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
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        },
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          "study": "Williams, 2013b",
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        },
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          "study": "Winnebeck, 2017",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yang, 2018",
          "ref": "Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zu S, Zhao J. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: a six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. Journal of affective disorders 2018; 226: 251‐60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 175,
      "instr": "BDI-II",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Comorbidity",
      "sgv": "No comorbidity",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 115,
      "k_es": 137,
      "sd": 9.299,
      "lo": 8.666,
      "hi": 9.979,
      "tau2": 0.14,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 4.452,
      "phi": 19.426,
      "i2": 96.5,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
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          "study": "Titov, 2010",
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        },
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          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Turner, 2013",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Victor-Aigbodion, 2023",
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013b",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Winnebeck, 2017",
          "ref": "Winnebeck, E., Fissler, M., Gärtner, M., Chadwick, P., & Barnhofer, T. (2017). Brief training in mindfulness meditation reduces symptoms in patients with a chronic or recurrent lifetime history of depression: A randomized controlled study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 99, 124-130. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.10.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yang, 2018",
          "ref": "Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zu S, Zhao J. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: a six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. Journal of affective disorders 2018; 226: 251‐60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Comorbidity",
      "sgv": "No comorbidity",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 143,
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      "sd": 9.4,
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      "tau2": 0.136,
      "tau2w": 0.0045,
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      "phi": 19.652,
      "i2": null,
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      "refs": [
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          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yang, 2018",
          "ref": "Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zu S, Zhao J. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: a six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. Journal of affective disorders 2018; 226: 251‐60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Baker, 2010",
          "ref": "Baker AL, Kavanagh DJ, Kay-Lambkin FJ, Hunt SA, Lewin TJ, Carr VJ, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for coexisting depression and alcohol problems: short-term outcome. Addiction (Abingdon, England). 2010;105(1):87-99."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carpenter, 2008",
          "ref": "Carpenter KM, Smith JL, Aharonovich E, Nunes EV. Developing therapies for depression in drug dependence: Results of a stage 1 therapy study. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 2008;34(5):642-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dunn, 2007",
          "ref": "Dunn NJ, Rehm LP, Schillaci J, Souchek J, Mehta P, Ashton CM, et al. A randomized trial of self-management and psychoeducational group therapies for comorbid chronic posttraumatic stress disorder and depressive disorder. Journal of traumatic stress. 2007;20(3):221-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "El-Monshed, 2024",
          "ref": "El-Monshed, A. H., Khonji, L. M., Altheeb, M., Saad, M. T. E., Elsheikh, M. A., Loutfy, A., . . . Zoromba, M. A. (2024). Does a program-based cognitive behavioral therapy affect insomnia and depression in menopausal women? A randomized controlled trial. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs, 21(2), 202-215. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12707"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hashemi, 2022",
          "ref": "Hashemi, Z., Eyni, S., & Ebadi, M. (2022). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Depression and Anxiety in People with Substance Use Disorder. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 16(1). doi:10.5812/ijpbs.110135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hsiao, 2014",
          "ref": "Hsiao, F.-H., Lai, Y.-M., Chen, Y.-T., Yang, T.-T., Liao, S.-C., Ho, R. T., Ng, S.-M., Chan, C. L., & Jow, G.-M. (2014). Efficacy of psychotherapy on diurnal cortisol patterns and suicidal ideation in adjustment disorder with depressed mood. General hospital psychiatry, 36(2), 214-219. http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0163834313003113/1-s2.0-S0163834313003113-main.pdf?_tid=685fbc62-cf4e-11e5-b7e9-00000aab0f6c&acdnat=1455037317_a8c762fea010c7ac31f2152769dad94c"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kay-Lambkin, 2009",
          "ref": "Kay-Lambkin, F. J., Baker, A. L., Lewin, T. J., & Carr, V. J. (2009). Computer-based psychological treatment for comorbid depression and problematic alcohol and/or cannabis use: A randomized controlled trial of clinical efficacy. Addiction, 104(3), 378-388. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02444.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mahmoodi, 2021",
          "ref": "Mahmoodi, M., Bakhtiyari, M., Masjedi Arani, A., Mohammadi, A., & Saberi Isfeedvajani, M. (2021). The comparison between CBT focused on perfectionism and CBT focused on emotion regulation for individuals with depression and anxiety disorders and dysfunctional perfectionism: A randomized controlled trial. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 49(4), 454-471. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465820000909"
        },
        {
          "study": "Majidzadeh, 2023",
          "ref": "Majidzadeh S, Mirghafourvand M, Farvareshi M, Yavarikia P. The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on depression and anxiety of women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2023;23(1):332."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell, 2020",
          "ref": "Russell, A., Gaunt, D. M., Cooper, K., Barton, S., Horwood, J., Kessler, D., . . . et al. (2019). The feasibility of low-intensity psychological therapy for depression co-occurring with autism in adults: the Autism Depression Trial (ADEPT) – a pilot randomised controlled trial. Autism. doi:10.1177/1362361319889272"
        },
        {
          "study": "Steel, 2020",
          "ref": "Steel, C., Korrelboom, K., Baksh, M. F., Kingdon, D., Simon, J., Wykes, T., ... & van der Gaag, M. (2020). Positive memory training for the treatment of depression in schizophrenia: A randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 135, 103734."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Amano, 2023",
          "ref": "Amano, M., Katayama, N., Umeda, S., Terasawa, Y., Tabuchi, H., Kikuchi, T., . . . Nakagawa, A. (2023). The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on future thinking in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.997154"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Au, 2022",
          "ref": "Au, A., Nan, H., Sum, R., Ng, F., Kwong, A., & Wong, S. (2022). Cognitive behavioural therapy for adherence and sub-clinical depression in type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial (abridged secondary publication). Hong Kong Med J, 28 Suppl 3(3), 21-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Baker, 2010",
          "ref": "Baker AL, Kavanagh DJ, Kay-Lambkin FJ, Hunt SA, Lewin TJ, Carr VJ, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for coexisting depression and alcohol problems: short-term outcome. Addiction (Abingdon, England). 2010;105(1):87-99."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer, 2009",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Basirat, 2022",
          "ref": "Basirat, Z., Kheirkhah, F., Faramarzi, M., Esmaelzadeh, S., Khafri, S., & Tajali, Z. (2022). Pharmacotherapy or Psychotherapy? Selective Treatment Depression in The Infertile Women with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Triple-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Fertility and Sterility, 16(3), 211-219. doi:10.22074/ijfs.2021.529258.1124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bedard, 2014",
          "ref": "Bedard M, Felteau M, Marshall S, Cullen N, Gibbons C, Dubois S, et al. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy reduces symptoms of depression in people with a traumatic brain injury: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. 2014;29(4):E13-E22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2011",
          "ref": "Berger T, Hämmerli K, Gubser N, Andersson G, Caspar F. Internet-based treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial comparing guided with unguided self-help. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. 2011;40(4):251-66."
        },
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          "study": "Berger, 2014",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Bilich, 2008",
          "ref": "Bilich, L. L., Deane, F. P., Phipps, A. B., Barisic, M., & Gould, G. (2008). Effectiveness of bibliotherapy self-help for depression with varying levels of telephone helpline support. Clin Psychol Psychother, 15(2), 61-74. doi:10.1002/cpp.562"
        },
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          "study": "Boeschoten, 2017",
          "ref": "Boeschoten, R. E., Dekker, J., Uitdehaag, B. M. J., Beekman, A. T. F., Hoogendoorn, A. W., Collette, E. H., . . . Van Oppen, P. (2017). Internet-based treatment for depression in multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial. Multiple Sclerosis, 23(8), 1112-1122."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2013",
          "ref": "Carlbring P, Hagglund M, Luthstrom A, Dahlin M, Kadowaki A, Vernmark K, et al. Internet-based behavioral activation and acceptance-based treatment for depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;148(2-3):331-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carpenter, 2008",
          "ref": "Carpenter KM, Smith JL, Aharonovich E, Nunes EV. Developing therapies for depression in drug dependence: Results of a stage 1 therapy study. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 2008;34(5):642-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carr, 2017",
          "ref": "Carr, A., Finnegan, L., Griffin, E., Cotter, P., & Hyland, A. (2017). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Say Yes to Life (SYTL) Positive Psychology Group Psychotherapy Program for Depression: An Interim Report. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 47(3), 153-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chan, 2012",
          "ref": "Chan AS, Wong QY, Sze SL, Kwong PP, Han YM, Cheung MC. A Chinese Chan-based mind-body intervention for patients with depression. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2012;142(1-3):283-9."
        },
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          "study": "Chiang, 2015",
          "ref": "Chiang KJ, Chen TH, Hsieh HT, Tsai JC, Ou KL, Chou KR. One-year follow-up of the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group therapy for patients' depression: A randomized, single-blinded, controlled study. Scientific World Journal. 2015;2015:Article ID 373149."
        },
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          "study": "Chowdhary, 2016",
          "ref": "Chowdhary N, Anand A, Dimidjian S, Shinde S, Weobong B, Balaji M, et al. The Healthy Activity Program lay counsellor delivered treatment for severe depression in India: Systematic development and randomised evaluation. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2016;208(4):381-8."
        },
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          "study": "Cohen, 2010",
          "ref": "Cohen S, O'Leary KD, Foran H. A randomized clinical trial of a brief, problem-focused couple therapy for depression. Behavior Therapy. 2010;41(4):433-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cooper, 2011",
          "ref": "Cooper CL, Hind D, Parry GD, Isaac CL, Dimairo M, O'Cathain A, et al. Computerised cognitive behavioural therapy for the treatment of depression in people with multiple sclerosis: External pilot trial. Trials. 2011;12(1):259."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cukor, 2014",
          "ref": "Cukor, D., Ver Halen, N., Asher, D. R., Coplan, J. D., Weedon, J., Wyka, K. E., . . . Kimmel, P. L. (2014). Psychosocial intervention improves depression, quality of life, and fluid adherence in hemodialysis. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 25(1), 196-206. doi:https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2012111134"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dao, 2011",
          "ref": "Dao TK, Youssef NA, Armsworth M, Wear E, Papathopoulos KN, Gopaldas R. Randomized controlled trial of brief cognitive behavioral intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms preoperatively in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery. 2011;142(3):e109-15."
        },
        {
          "study": "De Groot, 2019",
          "ref": "De Groot, M., Shubrook, J. H., Hornsby, W. G., Pillay, Y., Mather, K. J., Fitzpatrick, K., . . . Saha, C. (2019). Program ACTIVE II: Outcomes from a randomized, multistate community-based depression treatment for rural and urban adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care, 42(7), 1185-1193. doi:10.2337/dc18-2400"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dekker, 2012",
          "ref": "Dekker RL, Moser DK, Peden AR, Lennie TA. Cognitive therapy improves three-month outcomes in hospitalized patients with heart failure. Journal of cardiac failure. 2012;18(1):10-20."
        },
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          "study": "Desautels, 2018",
          "ref": "Desautels, C., Savard, J., Ivers, H., Savard, M. H., & Caplette-Gingras, A. (2018). Treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive therapy and bright light therapy [Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial]. Health Psychology, 37(1), 1‐13. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000539"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dunn, 2007",
          "ref": "Dunn NJ, Rehm LP, Schillaci J, Souchek J, Mehta P, Ashton CM, et al. A randomized trial of self-management and psychoeducational group therapies for comorbid chronic posttraumatic stress disorder and depressive disorder. Journal of traumatic stress. 2007;20(3):221-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ekers, 2011",
          "ref": "Ekers D, Richards D, McMillan D, Bland JM, Gilbody S. Behavioural activation delivered by the non-specialist: Phase II randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2011;198(1):66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "El-Monshed, 2024",
          "ref": "El-Monshed, A. H., Khonji, L. M., Altheeb, M., Saad, M. T. E., Elsheikh, M. A., Loutfy, A., . . . Zoromba, M. A. (2024). Does a program-based cognitive behavioral therapy affect insomnia and depression in menopausal women? A randomized controlled trial. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs, 21(2), 202-215. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12707"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eseadi, 2018",
          "ref": "Eseadi C, Obidoa MA, Ogbuabor SE, Ikechukwu-Ilomuanya AB. Effects of Group-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Coaching Program on Depressive Symptoms in a Sample of Inmates in a Nigerian Prison. International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology 2018; 62(6): 1589-602."
        },
        {
          "study": "Eseadi, 2022",
          "ref": "Eseadi, C., Ilechukwu, L. C., Victor-Aigbodion, V., Sewagegn, A. A., & Amedu, A. N. (2022). Intervention for depression among undergraduate religious education students: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore), 101(41), e31034. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000031034"
        },
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          "study": "Euteneuer, 2017",
          "ref": "Euteneuer, F., Dannehl, K., Del Rey, A., Engler, H., Schedlowski, M., & Rief, W. (2017). Immunological effects of behavioral activation with exercise in major depression: An exploratory randomized controlled trial. Translational Psychiatry, 7(5)."
        },
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          "study": "Fereydouni, 2022",
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        },
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          "study": "Fissler, 2016",
          "ref": "Fissler, M., Winnebeck, E., Schroeter, T. A., Gummbersbach, M., Huntenburg, J. M., Gärtner, M., & Barnhofer, T. (2017). Brief training in mindfulness may normalize a blunted error-related negativity in chronically depressed patients. Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, 17(6), 1164-1175. doi:10.3758/s13415-017-0540-x"
        },
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          "study": "Fonagy, 2015",
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        },
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          "study": "Fonagy, 2019",
          "ref": "Fonagy P, Lemma A, Target M, O'Keeffe S, Constantinou MP, Ventura Wurman T, et al. Dynamic interpersonal therapy for moderate to severe depression: a pilot randomized controlled and feasibility trial. Psychological medicine. 2019:1-10."
        },
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          "study": "Freedland, 2015",
          "ref": "Freedland KE, Carney RM, Rich MW, Steinmeyer BC, Rubin EH. Cognitive behavior therapy for depression and self-care in heart failure patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2015;175(11):1773-82."
        },
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          "study": "Furukawa, 2012",
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        },
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          "study": "Garcia, 2023",
          "ref": "Garcia, A., Yáñez, A. M., Bennasar-Veny, M., Navarro, C., Salva, J., Ibarra, O., . . . Garcia-Toro, M. (2023). Efficacy of an adjuvant non-face-to-face multimodal lifestyle modification program for patients with treatment-resistant major depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychiatry Res, 319, 114975. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114975"
        },
        {
          "study": "Gawrysiak, 2009",
          "ref": "Gawrysiak M, Nicholas C, Hopko DR. Behavioral activation for moderately depressed university students: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 2009;56(3):468-75."
        },
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          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
          "ref": "González-Robles, A., Díaz-García, A., García-Palacios, A., Roca, P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Botella, C. (2020). Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic guided internet-delivered protocol for emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(7), e18220."
        },
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          "study": "Greenberg, 2018",
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        },
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          "study": "Hashemi, 2022",
          "ref": "Hashemi, Z., Eyni, S., & Ebadi, M. (2022). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Depression and Anxiety in People with Substance Use Disorder. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 16(1). doi:10.5812/ijpbs.110135"
        },
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          "study": "Hoifodt, 2013",
          "ref": "Hoifodt RS, Lillevoll KR, Griffiths KM, et al. The clinical effectiveness of web-based cognitive behavioral therapy with face-to-face therapist support for depressed primary care patients: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research 2013; 15(8): e153."
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Hsiao, 2014",
          "ref": "Hsiao, F.-H., Lai, Y.-M., Chen, Y.-T., Yang, T.-T., Liao, S.-C., Ho, R. T., Ng, S.-M., Chan, C. L., & Jow, G.-M. (2014). Efficacy of psychotherapy on diurnal cortisol patterns and suicidal ideation in adjustment disorder with depressed mood. General hospital psychiatry, 36(2), 214-219. http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0163834313003113/1-s2.0-S0163834313003113-main.pdf?_tid=685fbc62-cf4e-11e5-b7e9-00000aab0f6c&acdnat=1455037317_a8c762fea010c7ac31f2152769dad94c"
        },
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          "study": "Hur, 2018",
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        },
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          "study": "Jalali, 2019",
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        },
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          "study": "Jesse, 2015",
          "ref": "Jesse DE, Gaynes BN, Feldhousen EB, Newton ER, Bunch S, Hollon SD. Performance of a culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention integrated in a public health setting to reduce risk of antepartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2015;60(5):578-92."
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013b",
          "ref": "Williams C, Wilson P, Morrison J, McMahon A, Andrew W, Allan L, et al. Guided self-help cognitive behavioural therapy for depression in primary care: A randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e52735."
        },
        {
          "study": "Winnebeck, 2017",
          "ref": "Winnebeck, E., Fissler, M., Gärtner, M., Chadwick, P., & Barnhofer, T. (2017). Brief training in mindfulness meditation reduces symptoms in patients with a chronic or recurrent lifetime history of depression: A randomized controlled study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 99, 124-130. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.10.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yang, 2018",
          "ref": "Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zu S, Zhao J. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: a six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. Journal of affective disorders 2018; 226: 251‐60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
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        {
          "study": "Au, 2022",
          "ref": "Au, A., Nan, H., Sum, R., Ng, F., Kwong, A., & Wong, S. (2022). Cognitive behavioural therapy for adherence and sub-clinical depression in type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial (abridged secondary publication). Hong Kong Med J, 28 Suppl 3(3), 21-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basirat, 2022",
          "ref": "Basirat, Z., Kheirkhah, F., Faramarzi, M., Esmaelzadeh, S., Khafri, S., & Tajali, Z. (2022). Pharmacotherapy or Psychotherapy? Selective Treatment Depression in The Infertile Women with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Triple-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Fertility and Sterility, 16(3), 211-219. doi:10.22074/ijfs.2021.529258.1124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Carr, 2017",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Chiang, 2015",
          "ref": "Chiang KJ, Chen TH, Hsieh HT, Tsai JC, Ou KL, Chou KR. One-year follow-up of the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group therapy for patients' depression: A randomized, single-blinded, controlled study. Scientific World Journal. 2015;2015:Article ID 373149."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chowdhary, 2016",
          "ref": "Chowdhary N, Anand A, Dimidjian S, Shinde S, Weobong B, Balaji M, et al. The Healthy Activity Program lay counsellor delivered treatment for severe depression in India: Systematic development and randomised evaluation. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2016;208(4):381-8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cooper, 2011",
          "ref": "Cooper CL, Hind D, Parry GD, Isaac CL, Dimairo M, O'Cathain A, et al. Computerised cognitive behavioural therapy for the treatment of depression in people with multiple sclerosis: External pilot trial. Trials. 2011;12(1):259."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dao, 2011",
          "ref": "Dao TK, Youssef NA, Armsworth M, Wear E, Papathopoulos KN, Gopaldas R. Randomized controlled trial of brief cognitive behavioral intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms preoperatively in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery. 2011;142(3):e109-15."
        },
        {
          "study": "De Groot, 2019",
          "ref": "De Groot, M., Shubrook, J. H., Hornsby, W. G., Pillay, Y., Mather, K. J., Fitzpatrick, K., . . . Saha, C. (2019). Program ACTIVE II: Outcomes from a randomized, multistate community-based depression treatment for rural and urban adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care, 42(7), 1185-1193. doi:10.2337/dc18-2400"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dekker, 2012",
          "ref": "Dekker RL, Moser DK, Peden AR, Lennie TA. Cognitive therapy improves three-month outcomes in hospitalized patients with heart failure. Journal of cardiac failure. 2012;18(1):10-20."
        },
        {
          "study": "El-Monshed, 2024",
          "ref": "El-Monshed, A. H., Khonji, L. M., Altheeb, M., Saad, M. T. E., Elsheikh, M. A., Loutfy, A., . . . Zoromba, M. A. (2024). Does a program-based cognitive behavioral therapy affect insomnia and depression in menopausal women? A randomized controlled trial. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs, 21(2), 202-215. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12707"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eseadi, 2018",
          "ref": "Eseadi C, Obidoa MA, Ogbuabor SE, Ikechukwu-Ilomuanya AB. Effects of Group-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Coaching Program on Depressive Symptoms in a Sample of Inmates in a Nigerian Prison. International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology 2018; 62(6): 1589-602."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonagy, 2015",
          "ref": "Fonagy P, Rost F, Carlyle JA, McPherson S, Thomas R, Pasco Fearon RM, et al. Pragmatic randomized controlled trial of long-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy for treatment-resistant depression: The Tavistock Adult Depression Study (TADS). World Psychiatry. 2015;14(3):312-21."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freedland, 2015",
          "ref": "Freedland KE, Carney RM, Rich MW, Steinmeyer BC, Rubin EH. Cognitive behavior therapy for depression and self-care in heart failure patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2015;175(11):1773-82."
        },
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          "study": "Gawrysiak, 2009",
          "ref": "Gawrysiak M, Nicholas C, Hopko DR. Behavioral activation for moderately depressed university students: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 2009;56(3):468-75."
        },
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          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Hashemi, 2022",
          "ref": "Hashemi, Z., Eyni, S., & Ebadi, M. (2022). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Depression and Anxiety in People with Substance Use Disorder. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 16(1). doi:10.5812/ijpbs.110135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hsiao, 2014",
          "ref": "Hsiao, F.-H., Lai, Y.-M., Chen, Y.-T., Yang, T.-T., Liao, S.-C., Ho, R. T., Ng, S.-M., Chan, C. L., & Jow, G.-M. (2014). Efficacy of psychotherapy on diurnal cortisol patterns and suicidal ideation in adjustment disorder with depressed mood. General hospital psychiatry, 36(2), 214-219. http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0163834313003113/1-s2.0-S0163834313003113-main.pdf?_tid=685fbc62-cf4e-11e5-b7e9-00000aab0f6c&acdnat=1455037317_a8c762fea010c7ac31f2152769dad94c"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jesse, 2015",
          "ref": "Jesse DE, Gaynes BN, Feldhousen EB, Newton ER, Bunch S, Hollon SD. Performance of a culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention integrated in a public health setting to reduce risk of antepartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2015;60(5):578-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kanter, 2015",
          "ref": "Kanter JW, Santiago-Rivera AL, Santos MM, Nagy G, López M, Hurtado GD, et al. A randomized hybrid efficacy and effectiveness trial of behavioral activation for latinos with depression. Behavior Therapy. 2015;46(2):177-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Laidlaw, 2008",
          "ref": "Laidlaw K, Davidson K, Toner H, Jackson G, Clark S, Law J, et al. A randomised controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy vs treatment as usual in the treatment of mild to moderate late life depression. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2008;23(8):843-50."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lexis, 2011",
          "ref": "Lexis MA, Jansen NW, Huibers MJ, Amelsvoort LG, Berkouwer A, Tjin ATG, et al. Prevention of long-term sickness absence and major depression in high-risk employees: A randomised controlled trial. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2011;68(6):400-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lobner, 2018",
          "ref": "Lobner M, Pabst A, Stein J, et al. Computerized cognitive behavior therapy for patients with mild to moderately severe depression in primary care: A pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial (@ktiv). J Affect Disord 2018-238: 317-26."
        },
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          "study": "Lovell, 2008",
          "ref": "Lovell K, Bower P, Richards D, Barkham Mi, Sibbald B, Roberts C, et al. Developing guided self-help for depression using the medical research council complex interventions framework: A description of the modelling phase and results of an exploratory randomised controlled trial. BMC psychiatry. 2008;8."
        },
        {
          "study": "MacPherson, 2013",
          "ref": "MacPherson H, Richmond S, Bland M, Brealey S, Gabe R, Hopton A, et al. Acupuncture and counselling for depression in primary care: A randomised controlled trial. PLoS medicine. 2013;10(9):e1001518."
        },
        {
          "study": "Majidzadeh, 2023",
          "ref": "Majidzadeh S, Mirghafourvand M, Farvareshi M, Yavarikia P. The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on depression and anxiety of women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2023;23(1):332."
        },
        {
          "study": "McKee, 2006",
          "ref": "McKee MD, Zayas LH, Fletcher J, Boyd RC, Nam SH. Results of an intervention to reduce perinatal depression among low-income minority women in community primary care. Journal of Social Service Research. 2006;32(4):63-81."
        },
        {
          "study": "Milgrom, 2011",
          "ref": "Milgrom J, Holt CJ, Gemmill AW, Ericksen J, Leigh B, Buist A, et al. Treating postnatal depressive symptoms in primary care: A randomised controlled trial of GP management, with and without adjunctive counselling. BMC psychiatry. 2011;11:95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Milgrom, 2015b",
          "ref": "Milgrom J, Holt C, Holt CJ, Ross J, Ericksen J, Gemmill AW. Feasibility study and pilot randomised trial of an antenatal depression treatment with infant follow-up. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2015;18(5):717-30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Milgrom, 2016",
          "ref": "Milgrom J, Danaher BG, Gemmill AW, Holt C, Holt CJ, Seeley JR, et al. Internet cognitive behavioral therapy for women with postnatal depression: A randomized controlled trial of MumMoodBooster. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2016;18(3):e54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Milgrom, 2021",
          "ref": "Milgrom, J., Danaher, B. G., Seeley, J. R., Holt, C. J., Holt, C., Ericksen, J., Tyler, M. S., Gau, J. M., & Gemmill, A. W. (2021). Internet and Face-to-face Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Postnatal Depression Compared With Treatment as Usual: Randomized Controlled Trial of MumMoodBooster. J Med Internet Res, 23(12), e17185. https://doi.org/10.2196/17185"
        },
        {
          "study": "Moldovan, 2013",
          "ref": "Moldovan R, Cobeanu O, David D. Cognitive bibliotherapy for mild depressive symptomatology: Randomized clinical trial of efficacy and mechanisms of change. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2013;20(6):482-93."
        },
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          "study": "Montero-Marin, 2016",
          "ref": "Montero-Marín, J., Araya, R., Pérez-Yus, M. C., Mayoral, F., Gili, M., Botella, C., . . . López-Del-Hoyo, Y. (2016). An internet-based intervention for depression in primary Care in Spain: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(8), e231. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mulcahy, 2010",
          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
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          "study": "Musa, 2021",
          "ref": "Musa, Z. A., Soh, K. L., Mukhtar, F., Soh, K. Y., Oladele, T. O., & Soh, K. G. (2021). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy among depressed individuals with disabilities in Nigeria: A randomized controlled trial. Psychiatry Res, 296, 113680. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113680"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nadort, 2022",
          "ref": "Nadort, E., Schouten, R. W., Boeschoten, R. E., Smets, Y., Chandie Shaw, P., Vleming, L. J., . . . Siegert, C. E. H. (2022). Internet-based treatment for depressive symptoms in hemodialysis patients: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 75, 46-53. doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2022.01.008"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakagawa, 2017",
          "ref": "Nakagawa, A., Mitsuda, D., Sado, M., Abe, T., Fujisawa, D., Kikuchi, T., . . . Ono, Y. (2017). Effectiveness of supplementary cognitive-behavioral therapy for pharmacotherapy-resistant depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of clinical psychiatry, 78(8), 1126-1135"
        },
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          "study": "Newby, 2014",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Lang T, Werner-Seidler A, Holmes E, Moulds ML. Alleviating distressing intrusive memories in depression: A comparison between computerised cognitive bias modification and cognitive behavioural education. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2014;56:60-7."
        },
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          "study": "O'Mahen, 2013a",
          "ref": "O'Mahen H, Himle JA, Fedock G, Henshaw E, Flynn H. A pilot randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for perinatal depression adapted for women with low incomes. Depression and anxiety. 2013;30(7):679-87."
        },
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          "study": "Onuigbo, 2019",
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        },
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          "study": "Otu, 2023",
          "ref": "Otu MS, Ebizie EN, Otu FM, Eseadi C. Efficacy of a counselling video blog intervention from YouTube on depression reduction among primary school teachers. Psychological Studies. 2023;68(3):335-41."
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Psarraki, 2021",
          "ref": "Psarraki, E. E., Bacopoulou, F., Panagoulias, E., Michou, M., Pelekasis, P., Artemiadis, A., . . . Darviri, C. (2021). The effects of Pythagorean Self-Awareness Intervention on patients with major depressive disorder: A pilot randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res, 138, 326-334. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.067"
        },
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          "study": "Ransom, 2008",
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        },
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          "study": "Raya-Tena, 2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Richards, 2018",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Russell, 2020",
          "ref": "Russell, A., Gaunt, D. M., Cooper, K., Barton, S., Horwood, J., Kessler, D., . . . et al. (2019). The feasibility of low-intensity psychological therapy for depression co-occurring with autism in adults: the Autism Depression Trial (ADEPT) – a pilot randomised controlled trial. Autism. doi:10.1177/1362361319889272"
        },
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          "ref": "Serfaty MA, Haworth D, Blanchard M, Buszewicz M, Murad S, King M. Clinical effectiveness of individual cognitive behavioral therapy for depressed older people in primary care: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2009;66(12):1332-40."
        },
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          "study": "Serfaty, 2020",
          "ref": "Serfaty, M., King, M., Nazareth, I., Moorey, S., Aspden, T., Tookman, A., . . . Jones, L. (2019). Manualised cognitive and behavioural therapy in treating depression in advanced cancer: the CanTalk RCT. Health Technology Assessment, 23(19), 1‐106. doi:10.3310/hta23190"
        },
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          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
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        },
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          "study": "Steel, 2020",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Strauss, 2012",
          "ref": "Strauss C, Hayward M, Chadwick P. Group person-based cognitive therapy for chronic depression: A pilot randomized controlled trial. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2012;51(3):345-50."
        },
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          "study": "Takagaki, 2016",
          "ref": "Takagaki K, Okamoto Y, Jinnin R, Mori A, Nishiyama Y, Yamamura T, et al. Behavioral activation for late adolescents with subthreshold depression: A randomized controlled trial. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2016;25(11):1171-82."
        },
        {
          "study": "Talbot, 2011",
          "ref": "Talbot NL, Chaudron LH, Ward EA, Duberstein PR, Conwell Y, O'Hara MW, et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed women with sexual abuse histories. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(4):374-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013b",
          "ref": "Williams C, Wilson P, Morrison J, McMahon A, Andrew W, Allan L, et al. Guided self-help cognitive behavioural therapy for depression in primary care: A randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e52735."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yang, 2018",
          "ref": "Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zu S, Zhao J. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: a six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. Journal of affective disorders 2018; 226: 251‐60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Amano, 2023",
          "ref": "Amano, M., Katayama, N., Umeda, S., Terasawa, Y., Tabuchi, H., Kikuchi, T., . . . Nakagawa, A. (2023). The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on future thinking in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.997154"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Au, 2022",
          "ref": "Au, A., Nan, H., Sum, R., Ng, F., Kwong, A., & Wong, S. (2022). Cognitive behavioural therapy for adherence and sub-clinical depression in type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial (abridged secondary publication). Hong Kong Med J, 28 Suppl 3(3), 21-23."
        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Newby, 2014",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Ransom, 2008",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Richards, 2015",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
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        },
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          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
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        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 181,
      "instr": "BDI-II",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Control condition",
      "sgv": "Other",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 23,
      "k_es": 26,
      "sd": 9.483,
      "lo": 8.334,
      "hi": 10.79,
      "tau2": 0.0922,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 5.158,
      "phi": 17.434,
      "i2": 95.3,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2012",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., & Hevey, D. (2013). A comparison of two online cognitive-behavioural interventions for symptoms of depression in a student population: The role of therapist responsiveness. Counselling & Psychotherapy Research, 13(3), 184-193. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2013-30909-004&site=ehost-live ORCID: 0000-0003-2844-0449 ORCID: 0000-0003-2785-0753 ORCID: 0000-0003-0871-4078 derek.richards@tcd.ie"
        },
        {
          "study": "Serfaty, 2009",
          "ref": "Serfaty MA, Haworth D, Blanchard M, Buszewicz M, Murad S, King M. Clinical effectiveness of individual cognitive behavioral therapy for depressed older people in primary care: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2009;66(12):1332-40."
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner, 2013",
          "ref": "Turner A, Hambridge J, Baker A, Bowman J, McElduff P. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behaviour therapy versus brief intervention for depression in cardiac patients. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2013;47(3):235-43."
        },
        {
          "study": "Victor-Aigbodion, 2023",
          "ref": "Victor-Aigbodion, V., Eseadi, C., Ardi, Z., Sewagegn, A. A., Ololo, K., Abonor, L. B., . . . Effanga, O. A. (2023). Effectiveness of rational emotive behavior therapy in reducing depression among undergraduate medical students. Medicine (Baltimore), 102(4), e32724. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000032724"
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Winnebeck, 2017",
          "ref": "Winnebeck, E., Fissler, M., Gärtner, M., Chadwick, P., & Barnhofer, T. (2017). Brief training in mindfulness meditation reduces symptoms in patients with a chronic or recurrent lifetime history of depression: A randomized controlled study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 99, 124-130. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.10.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        }
      ]
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    {
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      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
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      "sg": "Control condition",
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      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
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      "tau2w": 0.0045,
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 183,
      "instr": "BDI-II",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Control condition",
      "sgv": "Waitlist",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 62,
      "k_es": 80,
      "sd": 9.167,
      "lo": 8.347,
      "hi": 10.068,
      "tau2": 0.1317,
      "tau2w": null,
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      "i2": 95.2,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
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        },
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          "study": "Bedard, 2014",
          "ref": "Bedard M, Felteau M, Marshall S, Cullen N, Gibbons C, Dubois S, et al. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy reduces symptoms of depression in people with a traumatic brain injury: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. 2014;29(4):E13-E22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2011",
          "ref": "Berger T, Hämmerli K, Gubser N, Andersson G, Caspar F. Internet-based treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial comparing guided with unguided self-help. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. 2011;40(4):251-66."
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bilich, 2008",
          "ref": "Bilich, L. L., Deane, F. P., Phipps, A. B., Barisic, M., & Gould, G. (2008). Effectiveness of bibliotherapy self-help for depression with varying levels of telephone helpline support. Clin Psychol Psychother, 15(2), 61-74. doi:10.1002/cpp.562"
        },
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          "study": "Boeschoten, 2017",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Khoshbooii, 2021",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "McIndoo, 2016",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Rogiers, 2022",
          "ref": "Rogiers, R., Baeken, C., Van den Abbeele, D., Watkins, E. R., Remue, J., Colman, R., . . . Lemmens, G. M. D. (2022). Group intervention ‘Drop It!’ decreases repetitive negative thinking in major depressive disorder and/or generalized anxiety disorder: A randomised controlled study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 46(1), 182-196. doi:10.1007/s10608-021-10240-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rohan, 2007",
          "ref": "Rohan KJ, Roecklein KA, Lindsey KT, Johnson LG, Lippy RD, Lacy TJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, and their combination for seasonal affective disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2007;75(3):489-500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sandoval, 2017",
          "ref": "Sandoval, L., Buckey, J., Ainslie, R., Tombari, M., Stone, W., & Hegel, M. (2017). Randomized Controlled Trial of a Computerized Interactive Media-Based Problem Solving Treatment for Depression. Behavior Therapy, 48(3), 413-425."
        },
        {
          "study": "Savari, 2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Schmidt, 2012",
          "ref": "Schmidt, N. B., Buckner, J. D., Pusser, A., Woolaway-Bickel, K., Preston, J. L., & Norr, A. (2012). Randomized controlled trial of false safety behavior elimination therapy: a unified cognitive behavioral treatment for anxiety psychopathology. Behav Ther, 43(3), 518-532. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2012.02.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Spek, 2007",
          "ref": "Spek V, Nyklicek I, Smits N, Cuijpers P, Riper H, Keyzer J, et al. Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for subthreshold depression in people over 50 years old: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Psychological Medicine. 2007;37(12):1797-806."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tovote, 2014",
          "ref": "Tovote KA, Fleer J, Snippe E, Peeters A, Emmelkamp PMG, Sanderman R, et al. Individual mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for treating depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2014;37(9):2427-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        }
      ]
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      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Control condition",
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      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 143,
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      "tau2": 0.136,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Amano, 2023",
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        },
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        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        }
      ]
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          "study": "Amano, 2023",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Hur, 2018",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Nakao, 2018",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Takagaki, 2016",
          "ref": "Takagaki K, Okamoto Y, Jinnin R, Mori A, Nishiyama Y, Yamamura T, et al. Behavioral activation for late adolescents with subthreshold depression: A randomized controlled trial. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2016;25(11):1171-82."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yang, 2018",
          "ref": "Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zu S, Zhao J. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: a six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. Journal of affective disorders 2018; 226: 251‐60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        }
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    },
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Amano, 2023",
          "ref": "Amano, M., Katayama, N., Umeda, S., Terasawa, Y., Tabuchi, H., Kikuchi, T., . . . Nakagawa, A. (2023). The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on future thinking in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.997154"
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Piers, 2023",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Raji, 2022",
          "ref": "Raji Lahiji, M., Sajadian, A., Haghighat, S., Zarrati, M., Dareini, H., Raji Lahiji, M., & Razmpoosh, E. (2022). Effectiveness of logotherapy and nutrition counseling on psychological status, quality of life, and dietary intake among breast cancer survivors with depressive disorder: a randomized clinical trial. Supportive Care in Cancer. doi:10.1007/s00520-022-07237-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ransom, 2008",
          "ref": "Ransom D, Heckman TG, Anderson T, Garske J, Holroyd K, Basta T. Telephone-delivered, interpersonal psychotherapy for HIV-infected rural persons with depression: A pilot trial. Psychiatric Services. 2008;59(8):871-7."
        },
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          "study": "Raya-Tena, 2021",
          "ref": "Raya-Tena, A., Fernández-San-Martin, M. I., Martin-Royo, J., Casañas, R., Sauch-Valmaña, G., Cols-Sagarra, C., . . . Jiménez-Herrera, M. F. (2021). Effectiveness of a Psychoeducational Group Intervention Carried Out by Nurses for Patients with Depression and Physical Comorbidity in Primary Care: Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(6). doi:10.3390/ijerph18062948"
        },
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          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
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          "study": "Richards, 2012",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., & Hevey, D. (2013). A comparison of two online cognitive-behavioural interventions for symptoms of depression in a student population: The role of therapist responsiveness. Counselling & Psychotherapy Research, 13(3), 184-193. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2013-30909-004&site=ehost-live ORCID: 0000-0003-2844-0449 ORCID: 0000-0003-2785-0753 ORCID: 0000-0003-0871-4078 derek.richards@tcd.ie"
        },
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          "study": "Richards, 2015",
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        },
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          "study": "Richards, 2018",
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          "study": "Rief, 2018",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Williams, 2013",
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        },
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          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
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        },
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          "study": "Williams, 2013b",
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        },
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          "study": "Winnebeck, 2017",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yang, 2018",
          "ref": "Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zu S, Zhao J. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: a six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. Journal of affective disorders 2018; 226: 251‐60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 187,
      "instr": "BDI-II",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "Europe",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 62,
      "k_es": 77,
      "sd": 9.878,
      "lo": 9.169,
      "hi": 10.641,
      "tau2": 0.0827,
      "tau2w": null,
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      "phi": 17.441,
      "i2": 95.8,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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        },
        {
          "study": "Lobner, 2018",
          "ref": "Lobner M, Pabst A, Stein J, et al. Computerized cognitive behavior therapy for patients with mild to moderately severe depression in primary care: A pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial (@ktiv). J Affect Disord 2018-238: 317-26."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lovell, 2008",
          "ref": "Lovell K, Bower P, Richards D, Barkham Mi, Sibbald B, Roberts C, et al. Developing guided self-help for depression using the medical research council complex interventions framework: A description of the modelling phase and results of an exploratory randomised controlled trial. BMC psychiatry. 2008;8."
        },
        {
          "study": "MacPherson, 2013",
          "ref": "MacPherson H, Richmond S, Bland M, Brealey S, Gabe R, Hopton A, et al. Acupuncture and counselling for depression in primary care: A randomised controlled trial. PLoS medicine. 2013;10(9):e1001518."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
          "ref": "Mathiasen, K., Riper, H., Ehlers, L. H., Valentin, J. B., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2016). Internet-based CBT for social phobia and panic disorder in a specialised anxiety clinic in routine care: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 4, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Moldovan, 2013",
          "ref": "Moldovan R, Cobeanu O, David D. Cognitive bibliotherapy for mild depressive symptomatology: Randomized clinical trial of efficacy and mechanisms of change. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2013;20(6):482-93."
        },
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          "study": "Montero-Marin, 2016",
          "ref": "Montero-Marín, J., Araya, R., Pérez-Yus, M. C., Mayoral, F., Gili, M., Botella, C., . . . López-Del-Hoyo, Y. (2016). An internet-based intervention for depression in primary Care in Spain: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(8), e231. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Nadort, 2022",
          "ref": "Nadort, E., Schouten, R. W., Boeschoten, R. E., Smets, Y., Chandie Shaw, P., Vleming, L. J., . . . Siegert, C. E. H. (2022). Internet-based treatment for depressive symptoms in hemodialysis patients: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 75, 46-53. doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2022.01.008"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2013",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
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          "study": "Niedermoser, 2020",
          "ref": "Niedermoser DW, Kalak N, Kiyhankhadiv A, et al. Workplace-Related Interpersonal Group Psychotherapy to Improve Life at Work in Individuals With Major Depressive Disorders: a Randomized Interventional Pilot Study. Frontiers in psychiatry. 2020;11."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nissen, 2020",
          "ref": "Nissen ER, O'Connor M, Kaldo V, Højris I, Borre M, Zachariae R, et al. Internet-delivered mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for anxiety and depression in cancer survivors: A randomized controlled trial. Psycho-oncology. 2020;29(1):68-75."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Mahen, 2013a",
          "ref": "O'Mahen H, Himle JA, Fedock G, Henshaw E, Flynn H. A pilot randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for perinatal depression adapted for women with low incomes. Depression and anxiety. 2013;30(7):679-87."
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Preschl, 2012",
          "ref": "Preschl B, Maercker A, Wagner B, Forstmeier S, Banos RM, Alcaniz M, et al. Life-review therapy with computer supplements for depression in the elderly: A randomized controlled trial. Aging and Mental Health. 2012;16(8):964-74."
        },
        {
          "study": "Psarraki, 2021",
          "ref": "Psarraki, E. E., Bacopoulou, F., Panagoulias, E., Michou, M., Pelekasis, P., Artemiadis, A., . . . Darviri, C. (2021). The effects of Pythagorean Self-Awareness Intervention on patients with major depressive disorder: A pilot randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res, 138, 326-334. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.067"
        },
        {
          "study": "Raya-Tena, 2021",
          "ref": "Raya-Tena, A., Fernández-San-Martin, M. I., Martin-Royo, J., Casañas, R., Sauch-Valmaña, G., Cols-Sagarra, C., . . . Jiménez-Herrera, M. F. (2021). Effectiveness of a Psychoeducational Group Intervention Carried Out by Nurses for Patients with Depression and Physical Comorbidity in Primary Care: Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(6). doi:10.3390/ijerph18062948"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2012",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., & Hevey, D. (2013). A comparison of two online cognitive-behavioural interventions for symptoms of depression in a student population: The role of therapist responsiveness. Counselling & Psychotherapy Research, 13(3), 184-193. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2013-30909-004&site=ehost-live ORCID: 0000-0003-2844-0449 ORCID: 0000-0003-2785-0753 ORCID: 0000-0003-0871-4078 derek.richards@tcd.ie"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2015",
          "ref": "Richards D, Timulak L, O'Brien E, Hayes C, Vigano N, Sharry J, et al. A randomized controlled trial of an internet-delivered treatment: Its potential as a low-intensity community intervention for adults with symptoms of depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2015;75:20-31."
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2018",
          "ref": "Richards SH, Dickens C, Anderson R, et al. Assessing the effectiveness of Enhanced Psychological Care for patients with depressive symptoms attending cardiac rehabilitation compared with treatment as usual (CADENCE): a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial. Trials 2018; 19(1)."
        },
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          "study": "Rief, 2018",
          "ref": "Rief W, Bleichhardt G, Dannehl K, Euteneuer F, Wambach K. Comparing the Efficacy of CBASP with Two Versions of CBT for Depression in a Routine Care Center: a Randomized Clinical Trial. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics 2018;"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rogiers, 2022",
          "ref": "Rogiers, R., Baeken, C., Van den Abbeele, D., Watkins, E. R., Remue, J., Colman, R., . . . Lemmens, G. M. D. (2022). Group intervention ‘Drop It!’ decreases repetitive negative thinking in major depressive disorder and/or generalized anxiety disorder: A randomised controlled study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 46(1), 182-196. doi:10.1007/s10608-021-10240-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell, 2020",
          "ref": "Russell, A., Gaunt, D. M., Cooper, K., Barton, S., Horwood, J., Kessler, D., . . . et al. (2019). The feasibility of low-intensity psychological therapy for depression co-occurring with autism in adults: the Autism Depression Trial (ADEPT) – a pilot randomised controlled trial. Autism. doi:10.1177/1362361319889272"
        },
        {
          "study": "Serfaty, 2009",
          "ref": "Serfaty MA, Haworth D, Blanchard M, Buszewicz M, Murad S, King M. Clinical effectiveness of individual cognitive behavioral therapy for depressed older people in primary care: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2009;66(12):1332-40."
        },
        {
          "study": "Serfaty, 2020",
          "ref": "Serfaty, M., King, M., Nazareth, I., Moorey, S., Aspden, T., Tookman, A., . . . Jones, L. (2019). Manualised cognitive and behavioural therapy in treating depression in advanced cancer: the CanTalk RCT. Health Technology Assessment, 23(19), 1‐106. doi:10.3310/hta23190"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Spek, 2007",
          "ref": "Spek V, Nyklicek I, Smits N, Cuijpers P, Riper H, Keyzer J, et al. Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for subthreshold depression in people over 50 years old: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Psychological Medicine. 2007;37(12):1797-806."
        },
        {
          "study": "Steel, 2020",
          "ref": "Steel, C., Korrelboom, K., Baksh, M. F., Kingdon, D., Simon, J., Wykes, T., ... & van der Gaag, M. (2020). Positive memory training for the treatment of depression in schizophrenia: A randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 135, 103734."
        },
        {
          "study": "Strauss, 2012",
          "ref": "Strauss C, Hayward M, Chadwick P. Group person-based cognitive therapy for chronic depression: A pilot randomized controlled trial. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2012;51(3):345-50."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tovote, 2014",
          "ref": "Tovote KA, Fleer J, Snippe E, Peeters A, Emmelkamp PMG, Sanderman R, et al. Individual mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for treating depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2014;37(9):2427-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013b",
          "ref": "Williams C, Wilson P, Morrison J, McMahon A, Andrew W, Allan L, et al. Guided self-help cognitive behavioural therapy for depression in primary care: A randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e52735."
        },
        {
          "study": "Winnebeck, 2017",
          "ref": "Winnebeck, E., Fissler, M., Gärtner, M., Chadwick, P., & Barnhofer, T. (2017). Brief training in mindfulness meditation reduces symptoms in patients with a chronic or recurrent lifetime history of depression: A randomized controlled study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 99, 124-130. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.10.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 188,
      "instr": "BDI-II",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "Europe",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 143,
      "k_es": 172,
      "sd": 9.4,
      "lo": 8.819,
      "hi": 10.019,
      "tau2": 0.136,
      "tau2w": 0.0045,
      "plo": 4.496,
      "phi": 19.652,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
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        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Cukor, 2014",
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        },
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          "study": "Dao, 2011",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Eseadi, 2018",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Eseadi, 2022",
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        },
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          "study": "Fissler, 2016",
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        },
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        },
        {
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          "ref": "Gawrysiak M, Nicholas C, Hopko DR. Behavioral activation for moderately depressed university students: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 2009;56(3):468-75."
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Spek, 2007",
          "ref": "Spek V, Nyklicek I, Smits N, Cuijpers P, Riper H, Keyzer J, et al. Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for subthreshold depression in people over 50 years old: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Psychological Medicine. 2007;37(12):1797-806."
        },
        {
          "study": "Steel, 2020",
          "ref": "Steel, C., Korrelboom, K., Baksh, M. F., Kingdon, D., Simon, J., Wykes, T., ... & van der Gaag, M. (2020). Positive memory training for the treatment of depression in schizophrenia: A randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 135, 103734."
        },
        {
          "study": "Strauss, 2012",
          "ref": "Strauss C, Hayward M, Chadwick P. Group person-based cognitive therapy for chronic depression: A pilot randomized controlled trial. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2012;51(3):345-50."
        },
        {
          "study": "Takagaki, 2016",
          "ref": "Takagaki K, Okamoto Y, Jinnin R, Mori A, Nishiyama Y, Yamamura T, et al. Behavioral activation for late adolescents with subthreshold depression: A randomized controlled trial. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2016;25(11):1171-82."
        },
        {
          "study": "Talbot, 2011",
          "ref": "Talbot NL, Chaudron LH, Ward EA, Duberstein PR, Conwell Y, O'Hara MW, et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed women with sexual abuse histories. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(4):374-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tovote, 2014",
          "ref": "Tovote KA, Fleer J, Snippe E, Peeters A, Emmelkamp PMG, Sanderman R, et al. Individual mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for treating depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2014;37(9):2427-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner, 2013",
          "ref": "Turner A, Hambridge J, Baker A, Bowman J, McElduff P. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behaviour therapy versus brief intervention for depression in cardiac patients. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2013;47(3):235-43."
        },
        {
          "study": "Victor-Aigbodion, 2023",
          "ref": "Victor-Aigbodion, V., Eseadi, C., Ardi, Z., Sewagegn, A. A., Ololo, K., Abonor, L. B., . . . Effanga, O. A. (2023). Effectiveness of rational emotive behavior therapy in reducing depression among undergraduate medical students. Medicine (Baltimore), 102(4), e32724. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000032724"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013b",
          "ref": "Williams C, Wilson P, Morrison J, McMahon A, Andrew W, Allan L, et al. Guided self-help cognitive behavioural therapy for depression in primary care: A randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e52735."
        },
        {
          "study": "Winnebeck, 2017",
          "ref": "Winnebeck, E., Fissler, M., Gärtner, M., Chadwick, P., & Barnhofer, T. (2017). Brief training in mindfulness meditation reduces symptoms in patients with a chronic or recurrent lifetime history of depression: A randomized controlled study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 99, 124-130. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.10.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yang, 2018",
          "ref": "Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zu S, Zhao J. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: a six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. Journal of affective disorders 2018; 226: 251‐60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bedard, 2014",
          "ref": "Bedard M, Felteau M, Marshall S, Cullen N, Gibbons C, Dubois S, et al. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy reduces symptoms of depression in people with a traumatic brain injury: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. 2014;29(4):E13-E22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carpenter, 2008",
          "ref": "Carpenter KM, Smith JL, Aharonovich E, Nunes EV. Developing therapies for depression in drug dependence: Results of a stage 1 therapy study. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 2008;34(5):642-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cohen, 2010",
          "ref": "Cohen S, O'Leary KD, Foran H. A randomized clinical trial of a brief, problem-focused couple therapy for depression. Behavior Therapy. 2010;41(4):433-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cukor, 2014",
          "ref": "Cukor, D., Ver Halen, N., Asher, D. R., Coplan, J. D., Weedon, J., Wyka, K. E., . . . Kimmel, P. L. (2014). Psychosocial intervention improves depression, quality of life, and fluid adherence in hemodialysis. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 25(1), 196-206. doi:https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2012111134"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dao, 2011",
          "ref": "Dao TK, Youssef NA, Armsworth M, Wear E, Papathopoulos KN, Gopaldas R. Randomized controlled trial of brief cognitive behavioral intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms preoperatively in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery. 2011;142(3):e109-15."
        },
        {
          "study": "De Groot, 2019",
          "ref": "De Groot, M., Shubrook, J. H., Hornsby, W. G., Pillay, Y., Mather, K. J., Fitzpatrick, K., . . . Saha, C. (2019). Program ACTIVE II: Outcomes from a randomized, multistate community-based depression treatment for rural and urban adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care, 42(7), 1185-1193. doi:10.2337/dc18-2400"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dekker, 2012",
          "ref": "Dekker RL, Moser DK, Peden AR, Lennie TA. Cognitive therapy improves three-month outcomes in hospitalized patients with heart failure. Journal of cardiac failure. 2012;18(1):10-20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Desautels, 2018",
          "ref": "Desautels, C., Savard, J., Ivers, H., Savard, M. H., & Caplette-Gingras, A. (2018). Treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive therapy and bright light therapy [Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial]. Health Psychology, 37(1), 1‐13. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000539"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dunn, 2007",
          "ref": "Dunn NJ, Rehm LP, Schillaci J, Souchek J, Mehta P, Ashton CM, et al. A randomized trial of self-management and psychoeducational group therapies for comorbid chronic posttraumatic stress disorder and depressive disorder. Journal of traumatic stress. 2007;20(3):221-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Freedland, 2015",
          "ref": "Freedland KE, Carney RM, Rich MW, Steinmeyer BC, Rubin EH. Cognitive behavior therapy for depression and self-care in heart failure patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2015;175(11):1773-82."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gawrysiak, 2009",
          "ref": "Gawrysiak M, Nicholas C, Hopko DR. Behavioral activation for moderately depressed university students: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 2009;56(3):468-75."
        },
        {
          "study": "Greenberg, 2018",
          "ref": "Greenberg J, Datta T, Shapero BG, Sevinc G, Mischoulon D, Lazar SW. Compassionate hearts protect against wandering minds: Self-compassion moderates the effect of mind-wandering on depression. Spirituality in Clinical Practice 2018; 5(3): 155-69."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jesse, 2015",
          "ref": "Jesse DE, Gaynes BN, Feldhousen EB, Newton ER, Bunch S, Hollon SD. Performance of a culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention integrated in a public health setting to reduce risk of antepartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2015;60(5):578-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kanter, 2015",
          "ref": "Kanter JW, Santiago-Rivera AL, Santos MM, Nagy G, López M, Hurtado GD, et al. A randomized hybrid efficacy and effectiveness trial of behavioral activation for latinos with depression. Behavior Therapy. 2015;46(2):177-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
          "ref": "Kunik ME, Veazey C, Cully JA, Souchek J, Graham DP, Hopko D, et al. COPD education and cognitive behavioral therapy group treatment for clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2008;38(3):385-96."
        },
        {
          "study": "McIndoo, 2016",
          "ref": "McIndoo CC, File AA, Preddy T, Clark CG, Hopko DR. Mindfulness-based therapy and behavioral activation: A randomized controlled trial with depressed college students. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2016;77:118-28."
        },
        {
          "study": "McKee, 2006",
          "ref": "McKee MD, Zayas LH, Fletcher J, Boyd RC, Nam SH. Results of an intervention to reduce perinatal depression among low-income minority women in community primary care. Journal of Social Service Research. 2006;32(4):63-81."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pardini, 2014 (study 2)",
          "ref": "Pardini J, Scogin F, Schriver J, Domino M, Wilson D, LaRocca M. Efficacy and process of cognitive bibliotherapy for the treatment of depression in jail and prison inmates. Psychological services 2014-11(2): 141-52. (study2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Piers, 2023",
          "ref": "Piers, R. J., Farchione, T. J., Wong, B., Rosellini, A. J., & Cronin-Golomb, A. (2023). Telehealth Transdiagnostic Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression in Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Movement Disorders Clinical Practice, 10(1), 79-85. doi:10.1002/mdc3.13587"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ransom, 2008",
          "ref": "Ransom D, Heckman TG, Anderson T, Garske J, Holroyd K, Basta T. Telephone-delivered, interpersonal psychotherapy for HIV-infected rural persons with depression: A pilot trial. Psychiatric Services. 2008;59(8):871-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ritvo, 2021",
          "ref": "Ritvo, P., et al. (2021). \"Online Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention for Youth With Major Depressive Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(3): e24380."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rohan, 2007",
          "ref": "Rohan KJ, Roecklein KA, Lindsey KT, Johnson LG, Lippy RD, Lacy TJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, and their combination for seasonal affective disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2007;75(3):489-500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sandoval, 2017",
          "ref": "Sandoval, L., Buckey, J., Ainslie, R., Tombari, M., Stone, W., & Hegel, M. (2017). Randomized Controlled Trial of a Computerized Interactive Media-Based Problem Solving Treatment for Depression. Behavior Therapy, 48(3), 413-425."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schmidt, 2012",
          "ref": "Schmidt, N. B., Buckner, J. D., Pusser, A., Woolaway-Bickel, K., Preston, J. L., & Norr, A. (2012). Randomized controlled trial of false safety behavior elimination therapy: a unified cognitive behavioral treatment for anxiety psychopathology. Behav Ther, 43(3), 518-532. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2012.02.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Talbot, 2011",
          "ref": "Talbot NL, Chaudron LH, Ward EA, Duberstein PR, Conwell Y, O'Hara MW, et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed women with sexual abuse histories. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(4):374-80."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "sg": "Country / Region",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Amano, 2023",
          "ref": "Amano, M., Katayama, N., Umeda, S., Terasawa, Y., Tabuchi, H., Kikuchi, T., . . . Nakagawa, A. (2023). The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on future thinking in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.997154"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Au, 2022",
          "ref": "Au, A., Nan, H., Sum, R., Ng, F., Kwong, A., & Wong, S. (2022). Cognitive behavioural therapy for adherence and sub-clinical depression in type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial (abridged secondary publication). Hong Kong Med J, 28 Suppl 3(3), 21-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Baker, 2010",
          "ref": "Baker AL, Kavanagh DJ, Kay-Lambkin FJ, Hunt SA, Lewin TJ, Carr VJ, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for coexisting depression and alcohol problems: short-term outcome. Addiction (Abingdon, England). 2010;105(1):87-99."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer, 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer T, Crane C, Hargus E, Amarasinghe M, Winder R, Williams JM. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2009;47(5):366-73."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basirat, 2022",
          "ref": "Basirat, Z., Kheirkhah, F., Faramarzi, M., Esmaelzadeh, S., Khafri, S., & Tajali, Z. (2022). Pharmacotherapy or Psychotherapy? Selective Treatment Depression in The Infertile Women with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Triple-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Fertility and Sterility, 16(3), 211-219. doi:10.22074/ijfs.2021.529258.1124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bedard, 2014",
          "ref": "Bedard M, Felteau M, Marshall S, Cullen N, Gibbons C, Dubois S, et al. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy reduces symptoms of depression in people with a traumatic brain injury: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. 2014;29(4):E13-E22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2011",
          "ref": "Berger T, Hämmerli K, Gubser N, Andersson G, Caspar F. Internet-based treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial comparing guided with unguided self-help. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. 2011;40(4):251-66."
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bilich, 2008",
          "ref": "Bilich, L. L., Deane, F. P., Phipps, A. B., Barisic, M., & Gould, G. (2008). Effectiveness of bibliotherapy self-help for depression with varying levels of telephone helpline support. Clin Psychol Psychother, 15(2), 61-74. doi:10.1002/cpp.562"
        },
        {
          "study": "Boeschoten, 2017",
          "ref": "Boeschoten, R. E., Dekker, J., Uitdehaag, B. M. J., Beekman, A. T. F., Hoogendoorn, A. W., Collette, E. H., . . . Van Oppen, P. (2017). Internet-based treatment for depression in multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial. Multiple Sclerosis, 23(8), 1112-1122."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2013",
          "ref": "Carlbring P, Hagglund M, Luthstrom A, Dahlin M, Kadowaki A, Vernmark K, et al. Internet-based behavioral activation and acceptance-based treatment for depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;148(2-3):331-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carpenter, 2008",
          "ref": "Carpenter KM, Smith JL, Aharonovich E, Nunes EV. Developing therapies for depression in drug dependence: Results of a stage 1 therapy study. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 2008;34(5):642-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carr, 2017",
          "ref": "Carr, A., Finnegan, L., Griffin, E., Cotter, P., & Hyland, A. (2017). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Say Yes to Life (SYTL) Positive Psychology Group Psychotherapy Program for Depression: An Interim Report. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 47(3), 153-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chan, 2012",
          "ref": "Chan AS, Wong QY, Sze SL, Kwong PP, Han YM, Cheung MC. A Chinese Chan-based mind-body intervention for patients with depression. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2012;142(1-3):283-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chiang, 2015",
          "ref": "Chiang KJ, Chen TH, Hsieh HT, Tsai JC, Ou KL, Chou KR. One-year follow-up of the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group therapy for patients' depression: A randomized, single-blinded, controlled study. Scientific World Journal. 2015;2015:Article ID 373149."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chowdhary, 2016",
          "ref": "Chowdhary N, Anand A, Dimidjian S, Shinde S, Weobong B, Balaji M, et al. The Healthy Activity Program lay counsellor delivered treatment for severe depression in India: Systematic development and randomised evaluation. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2016;208(4):381-8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cohen, 2010",
          "ref": "Cohen S, O'Leary KD, Foran H. A randomized clinical trial of a brief, problem-focused couple therapy for depression. Behavior Therapy. 2010;41(4):433-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cooper, 2011",
          "ref": "Cooper CL, Hind D, Parry GD, Isaac CL, Dimairo M, O'Cathain A, et al. Computerised cognitive behavioural therapy for the treatment of depression in people with multiple sclerosis: External pilot trial. Trials. 2011;12(1):259."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cukor, 2014",
          "ref": "Cukor, D., Ver Halen, N., Asher, D. R., Coplan, J. D., Weedon, J., Wyka, K. E., . . . Kimmel, P. L. (2014). Psychosocial intervention improves depression, quality of life, and fluid adherence in hemodialysis. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 25(1), 196-206. doi:https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2012111134"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dao, 2011",
          "ref": "Dao TK, Youssef NA, Armsworth M, Wear E, Papathopoulos KN, Gopaldas R. Randomized controlled trial of brief cognitive behavioral intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms preoperatively in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery. 2011;142(3):e109-15."
        },
        {
          "study": "De Groot, 2019",
          "ref": "De Groot, M., Shubrook, J. H., Hornsby, W. G., Pillay, Y., Mather, K. J., Fitzpatrick, K., . . . Saha, C. (2019). Program ACTIVE II: Outcomes from a randomized, multistate community-based depression treatment for rural and urban adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care, 42(7), 1185-1193. doi:10.2337/dc18-2400"
        },
        {
          "study": "Dekker, 2012",
          "ref": "Dekker RL, Moser DK, Peden AR, Lennie TA. Cognitive therapy improves three-month outcomes in hospitalized patients with heart failure. Journal of cardiac failure. 2012;18(1):10-20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Desautels, 2018",
          "ref": "Desautels, C., Savard, J., Ivers, H., Savard, M. H., & Caplette-Gingras, A. (2018). Treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive therapy and bright light therapy [Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial]. Health Psychology, 37(1), 1‐13. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000539"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
          "ref": "Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, et al. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e21335."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dunn, 2007",
          "ref": "Dunn NJ, Rehm LP, Schillaci J, Souchek J, Mehta P, Ashton CM, et al. A randomized trial of self-management and psychoeducational group therapies for comorbid chronic posttraumatic stress disorder and depressive disorder. Journal of traumatic stress. 2007;20(3):221-37."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ekers, 2011",
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          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2012",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., & Hevey, D. (2013). A comparison of two online cognitive-behavioural interventions for symptoms of depression in a student population: The role of therapist responsiveness. Counselling & Psychotherapy Research, 13(3), 184-193. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2013-30909-004&site=ehost-live ORCID: 0000-0003-2844-0449 ORCID: 0000-0003-2785-0753 ORCID: 0000-0003-0871-4078 derek.richards@tcd.ie"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2015",
          "ref": "Richards D, Timulak L, O'Brien E, Hayes C, Vigano N, Sharry J, et al. A randomized controlled trial of an internet-delivered treatment: Its potential as a low-intensity community intervention for adults with symptoms of depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2015;75:20-31."
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2018",
          "ref": "Richards SH, Dickens C, Anderson R, et al. Assessing the effectiveness of Enhanced Psychological Care for patients with depressive symptoms attending cardiac rehabilitation compared with treatment as usual (CADENCE): a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial. Trials 2018; 19(1)."
        },
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          "study": "Rief, 2018",
          "ref": "Rief W, Bleichhardt G, Dannehl K, Euteneuer F, Wambach K. Comparing the Efficacy of CBASP with Two Versions of CBT for Depression in a Routine Care Center: a Randomized Clinical Trial. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics 2018;"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ritvo, 2021",
          "ref": "Ritvo, P., et al. (2021). \"Online Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention for Youth With Major Depressive Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(3): e24380."
        },
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          "study": "Rogiers, 2022",
          "ref": "Rogiers, R., Baeken, C., Van den Abbeele, D., Watkins, E. R., Remue, J., Colman, R., . . . Lemmens, G. M. D. (2022). Group intervention ‘Drop It!’ decreases repetitive negative thinking in major depressive disorder and/or generalized anxiety disorder: A randomised controlled study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 46(1), 182-196. doi:10.1007/s10608-021-10240-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rohan, 2007",
          "ref": "Rohan KJ, Roecklein KA, Lindsey KT, Johnson LG, Lippy RD, Lacy TJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, and their combination for seasonal affective disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2007;75(3):489-500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell, 2020",
          "ref": "Russell, A., Gaunt, D. M., Cooper, K., Barton, S., Horwood, J., Kessler, D., . . . et al. (2019). The feasibility of low-intensity psychological therapy for depression co-occurring with autism in adults: the Autism Depression Trial (ADEPT) – a pilot randomised controlled trial. Autism. doi:10.1177/1362361319889272"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sandoval, 2017",
          "ref": "Sandoval, L., Buckey, J., Ainslie, R., Tombari, M., Stone, W., & Hegel, M. (2017). Randomized Controlled Trial of a Computerized Interactive Media-Based Problem Solving Treatment for Depression. Behavior Therapy, 48(3), 413-425."
        },
        {
          "study": "Savari, 2021",
          "ref": "Savari, Y., Mohagheghi, H., & Petrocchi, N. (2021). A preliminary investigation on the effectiveness of compassionate mind training for students with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Mindfulness, 12(5), 1159-1172. doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01584-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schmidt, 2012",
          "ref": "Schmidt, N. B., Buckner, J. D., Pusser, A., Woolaway-Bickel, K., Preston, J. L., & Norr, A. (2012). Randomized controlled trial of false safety behavior elimination therapy: a unified cognitive behavioral treatment for anxiety psychopathology. Behav Ther, 43(3), 518-532. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2012.02.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Serfaty, 2009",
          "ref": "Serfaty MA, Haworth D, Blanchard M, Buszewicz M, Murad S, King M. Clinical effectiveness of individual cognitive behavioral therapy for depressed older people in primary care: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2009;66(12):1332-40."
        },
        {
          "study": "Serfaty, 2020",
          "ref": "Serfaty, M., King, M., Nazareth, I., Moorey, S., Aspden, T., Tookman, A., . . . Jones, L. (2019). Manualised cognitive and behavioural therapy in treating depression in advanced cancer: the CanTalk RCT. Health Technology Assessment, 23(19), 1‐106. doi:10.3310/hta23190"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Spek, 2007",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Steel, 2020",
          "ref": "Steel, C., Korrelboom, K., Baksh, M. F., Kingdon, D., Simon, J., Wykes, T., ... & van der Gaag, M. (2020). Positive memory training for the treatment of depression in schizophrenia: A randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 135, 103734."
        },
        {
          "study": "Strauss, 2012",
          "ref": "Strauss C, Hayward M, Chadwick P. Group person-based cognitive therapy for chronic depression: A pilot randomized controlled trial. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2012;51(3):345-50."
        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Talbot, 2011",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tovote, 2014",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner, 2013",
          "ref": "Turner A, Hambridge J, Baker A, Bowman J, McElduff P. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behaviour therapy versus brief intervention for depression in cardiac patients. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2013;47(3):235-43."
        },
        {
          "study": "Victor-Aigbodion, 2023",
          "ref": "Victor-Aigbodion, V., Eseadi, C., Ardi, Z., Sewagegn, A. A., Ololo, K., Abonor, L. B., . . . Effanga, O. A. (2023). Effectiveness of rational emotive behavior therapy in reducing depression among undergraduate medical students. Medicine (Baltimore), 102(4), e32724. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000032724"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013b",
          "ref": "Williams C, Wilson P, Morrison J, McMahon A, Andrew W, Allan L, et al. Guided self-help cognitive behavioural therapy for depression in primary care: A randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e52735."
        },
        {
          "study": "Winnebeck, 2017",
          "ref": "Winnebeck, E., Fissler, M., Gärtner, M., Chadwick, P., & Barnhofer, T. (2017). Brief training in mindfulness meditation reduces symptoms in patients with a chronic or recurrent lifetime history of depression: A randomized controlled study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 99, 124-130. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.10.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yang, 2018",
          "ref": "Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zu S, Zhao J. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: a six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. Journal of affective disorders 2018; 226: 251‐60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 191,
      "instr": "BDI-II",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "Other",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 39,
      "k_es": 50,
      "sd": 9.212,
      "lo": 8.022,
      "hi": 10.579,
      "tau2": 0.1845,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.925,
      "phi": 21.62,
      "i2": 96.2,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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          "study": "Basirat, 2022",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Hashemi, 2022",
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        },
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          "study": "Jalali, 2019",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Mahmoodi, 2021",
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Martin, 2015",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Savari, 2021",
          "ref": "Savari, Y., Mohagheghi, H., & Petrocchi, N. (2021). A preliminary investigation on the effectiveness of compassionate mind training for students with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Mindfulness, 12(5), 1159-1172. doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01584-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner, 2013",
          "ref": "Turner A, Hambridge J, Baker A, Bowman J, McElduff P. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behaviour therapy versus brief intervention for depression in cardiac patients. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2013;47(3):235-43."
        },
        {
          "study": "Victor-Aigbodion, 2023",
          "ref": "Victor-Aigbodion, V., Eseadi, C., Ardi, Z., Sewagegn, A. A., Ololo, K., Abonor, L. B., . . . Effanga, O. A. (2023). Effectiveness of rational emotive behavior therapy in reducing depression among undergraduate medical students. Medicine (Baltimore), 102(4), e32724. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000032724"
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
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      "refs": [
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          "study": "Eseadi, 2018",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
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          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
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        },
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          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
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      "k": 41,
      "k_es": 43,
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      "lo": 7.282,
      "hi": 9.644,
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      "refs": [
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        },
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          "study": "Greenberg, 2018",
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        },
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          "study": "Hashemi, 2022",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Horrell, 2014",
          "ref": "Horrell L, Goldsmith KA, Tylee AT, Schmidt UH, Murphy CL, Bonin E-M, et al. One-day cognitive–behavioural therapy self-confidence workshops for people with depression: Randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2014;204(3):222-33."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hsiao, 2014",
          "ref": "Hsiao, F.-H., Lai, Y.-M., Chen, Y.-T., Yang, T.-T., Liao, S.-C., Ho, R. T., Ng, S.-M., Chan, C. L., & Jow, G.-M. (2014). Efficacy of psychotherapy on diurnal cortisol patterns and suicidal ideation in adjustment disorder with depressed mood. General hospital psychiatry, 36(2), 214-219. http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0163834313003113/1-s2.0-S0163834313003113-main.pdf?_tid=685fbc62-cf4e-11e5-b7e9-00000aab0f6c&acdnat=1455037317_a8c762fea010c7ac31f2152769dad94c"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hynninen, 2010",
          "ref": "Hynninen MJ, Bjerke N, Pallesen S, Bakke PS, Nordhus IH. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD. Respiratory medicine. 2010;104(7):986-94."
        },
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          "study": "Jalali, 2019",
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        },
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          "study": "Jesse, 2015",
          "ref": "Jesse DE, Gaynes BN, Feldhousen EB, Newton ER, Bunch S, Hollon SD. Performance of a culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention integrated in a public health setting to reduce risk of antepartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2015;60(5):578-92."
        },
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          "study": "Khoshbooii, 2021",
          "ref": "Khoshbooii, R., Hassan, S. A., Deylami, N., Muhamad, R., Engku Kamarudin, E. M., & Alareqe, N. A. (2021). Effects of Group and Individual Culturally Adapted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Depression and Sexual Satisfaction among Perimenopausal Women. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147711"
        },
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          "study": "Korrelboom, 2012",
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        },
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          "study": "Kunik, 2008",
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        },
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          "study": "Majidzadeh, 2023",
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Niedermoser, 2020",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Onuigbo, 2019",
          "ref": "Onuigbo, L. N., Eseadi, C., Ebifa, S., Ugwu, U. C., Onyishi, C. N., & Oyeoku, E. K. (2019). Effect of rational emotive behavior therapy program on depressive symptoms among university students with blindness in Nigeria. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 37(1), 17-38. doi:10.1007/s10942-018-0297-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Raji, 2022",
          "ref": "Raji Lahiji, M., Sajadian, A., Haghighat, S., Zarrati, M., Dareini, H., Raji Lahiji, M., & Razmpoosh, E. (2022). Effectiveness of logotherapy and nutrition counseling on psychological status, quality of life, and dietary intake among breast cancer survivors with depressive disorder: a randomized clinical trial. Supportive Care in Cancer. doi:10.1007/s00520-022-07237-6"
        },
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          "study": "Raya-Tena, 2021",
          "ref": "Raya-Tena, A., Fernández-San-Martin, M. I., Martin-Royo, J., Casañas, R., Sauch-Valmaña, G., Cols-Sagarra, C., . . . Jiménez-Herrera, M. F. (2021). Effectiveness of a Psychoeducational Group Intervention Carried Out by Nurses for Patients with Depression and Physical Comorbidity in Primary Care: Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(6). doi:10.3390/ijerph18062948"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rogiers, 2022",
          "ref": "Rogiers, R., Baeken, C., Van den Abbeele, D., Watkins, E. R., Remue, J., Colman, R., . . . Lemmens, G. M. D. (2022). Group intervention ‘Drop It!’ decreases repetitive negative thinking in major depressive disorder and/or generalized anxiety disorder: A randomised controlled study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 46(1), 182-196. doi:10.1007/s10608-021-10240-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rohan, 2007",
          "ref": "Rohan KJ, Roecklein KA, Lindsey KT, Johnson LG, Lippy RD, Lacy TJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, and their combination for seasonal affective disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2007;75(3):489-500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Savari, 2021",
          "ref": "Savari, Y., Mohagheghi, H., & Petrocchi, N. (2021). A preliminary investigation on the effectiveness of compassionate mind training for students with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Mindfulness, 12(5), 1159-1172. doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01584-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Spek, 2007",
          "ref": "Spek V, Nyklicek I, Smits N, Cuijpers P, Riper H, Keyzer J, et al. Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for subthreshold depression in people over 50 years old: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Psychological Medicine. 2007;37(12):1797-806."
        },
        {
          "study": "Strauss, 2012",
          "ref": "Strauss C, Hayward M, Chadwick P. Group person-based cognitive therapy for chronic depression: A pilot randomized controlled trial. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2012;51(3):345-50."
        },
        {
          "study": "Takagaki, 2016",
          "ref": "Takagaki K, Okamoto Y, Jinnin R, Mori A, Nishiyama Y, Yamamura T, et al. Behavioral activation for late adolescents with subthreshold depression: A randomized controlled trial. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2016;25(11):1171-82."
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner, 2013",
          "ref": "Turner A, Hambridge J, Baker A, Bowman J, McElduff P. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behaviour therapy versus brief intervention for depression in cardiac patients. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2013;47(3):235-43."
        },
        {
          "study": "Victor-Aigbodion, 2023",
          "ref": "Victor-Aigbodion, V., Eseadi, C., Ardi, Z., Sewagegn, A. A., Ololo, K., Abonor, L. B., . . . Effanga, O. A. (2023). Effectiveness of rational emotive behavior therapy in reducing depression among undergraduate medical students. Medicine (Baltimore), 102(4), e32724. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000032724"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yang, 2018",
          "ref": "Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zu S, Zhao J. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: a six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. Journal of affective disorders 2018; 226: 251‐60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        }
      ]
    },
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Amano, 2023",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Eseadi, 2022",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Greenberg, 2018",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Hashemi, 2022",
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          "ref": "Takagaki K, Okamoto Y, Jinnin R, Mori A, Nishiyama Y, Yamamura T, et al. Behavioral activation for late adolescents with subthreshold depression: A randomized controlled trial. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2016;25(11):1171-82."
        },
        {
          "study": "Talbot, 2011",
          "ref": "Talbot NL, Chaudron LH, Ward EA, Duberstein PR, Conwell Y, O'Hara MW, et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed women with sexual abuse histories. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(4):374-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tovote, 2014",
          "ref": "Tovote KA, Fleer J, Snippe E, Peeters A, Emmelkamp PMG, Sanderman R, et al. Individual mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for treating depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2014;37(9):2427-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner, 2013",
          "ref": "Turner A, Hambridge J, Baker A, Bowman J, McElduff P. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behaviour therapy versus brief intervention for depression in cardiac patients. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2013;47(3):235-43."
        },
        {
          "study": "Victor-Aigbodion, 2023",
          "ref": "Victor-Aigbodion, V., Eseadi, C., Ardi, Z., Sewagegn, A. A., Ololo, K., Abonor, L. B., . . . Effanga, O. A. (2023). Effectiveness of rational emotive behavior therapy in reducing depression among undergraduate medical students. Medicine (Baltimore), 102(4), e32724. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000032724"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013b",
          "ref": "Williams C, Wilson P, Morrison J, McMahon A, Andrew W, Allan L, et al. Guided self-help cognitive behavioural therapy for depression in primary care: A randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e52735."
        },
        {
          "study": "Winnebeck, 2017",
          "ref": "Winnebeck, E., Fissler, M., Gärtner, M., Chadwick, P., & Barnhofer, T. (2017). Brief training in mindfulness meditation reduces symptoms in patients with a chronic or recurrent lifetime history of depression: A randomized controlled study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 99, 124-130. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.10.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yang, 2018",
          "ref": "Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zu S, Zhao J. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: a six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. Journal of affective disorders 2018; 226: 251‐60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2011",
          "ref": "Berger T, Hämmerli K, Gubser N, Andersson G, Caspar F. Internet-based treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial comparing guided with unguided self-help. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. 2011;40(4):251-66."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bilich, 2008",
          "ref": "Bilich, L. L., Deane, F. P., Phipps, A. B., Barisic, M., & Gould, G. (2008). Effectiveness of bibliotherapy self-help for depression with varying levels of telephone helpline support. Clin Psychol Psychother, 15(2), 61-74. doi:10.1002/cpp.562"
        },
        {
          "study": "Boeschoten, 2017",
          "ref": "Boeschoten, R. E., Dekker, J., Uitdehaag, B. M. J., Beekman, A. T. F., Hoogendoorn, A. W., Collette, E. H., . . . Van Oppen, P. (2017). Internet-based treatment for depression in multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial. Multiple Sclerosis, 23(8), 1112-1122."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2013",
          "ref": "Carlbring P, Hagglund M, Luthstrom A, Dahlin M, Kadowaki A, Vernmark K, et al. Internet-based behavioral activation and acceptance-based treatment for depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;148(2-3):331-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cooper, 2011",
          "ref": "Cooper CL, Hind D, Parry GD, Isaac CL, Dimairo M, O'Cathain A, et al. Computerised cognitive behavioural therapy for the treatment of depression in people with multiple sclerosis: External pilot trial. Trials. 2011;12(1):259."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fissler, 2016",
          "ref": "Fissler, M., Winnebeck, E., Schroeter, T. A., Gummbersbach, M., Huntenburg, J. M., Gärtner, M., & Barnhofer, T. (2017). Brief training in mindfulness may normalize a blunted error-related negativity in chronically depressed patients. Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, 17(6), 1164-1175. doi:10.3758/s13415-017-0540-x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Flygare, 2020",
          "ref": "Flygare AL, Engström I, Hasselgren M, et al. Internet-based CBT for patients with depressive disorders in primary and psychiatric care: Is it effective and does comorbidity affect outcome? Internet Interventions. 2020;19."
        },
        {
          "study": "Garcia, 2023",
          "ref": "Garcia, A., Yáñez, A. M., Bennasar-Veny, M., Navarro, C., Salva, J., Ibarra, O., . . . Garcia-Toro, M. (2023). Efficacy of an adjuvant non-face-to-face multimodal lifestyle modification program for patients with treatment-resistant major depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychiatry Res, 319, 114975. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114975"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hoifodt, 2013",
          "ref": "Hoifodt RS, Lillevoll KR, Griffiths KM, et al. The clinical effectiveness of web-based cognitive behavioral therapy with face-to-face therapist support for depressed primary care patients: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research 2013; 15(8): e153."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hur, 2018",
          "ref": "Hur, J. W., Kim, B., Park, D., & Choi, S. W. A Scenario-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Mobile App to Reduce Dysfunctional Beliefs in Individuals with Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Telemed J E Health, 24(9), 710-716."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2012a",
          "ref": "Johansson R, Ekbladh S, Hebert A, Lindström M, Möller S, Petitt E, et al. Psychodynamic guided self-help for adult depression through the internet: A randomised controlled trial. PloS One. 2012;7(5):e38021."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johansson, 2012b",
          "ref": "Johansson R, Sjöberg E, Sjögren M, Johnsson E, Carlbring P, Andersson T, et al. Tailored vs. standardized internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for depression and comorbid symptoms: A randomized controlled trial. PloS One. 2012;7(5):e36905."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kall, 2025",
          "ref": "Käll A, Bäck M, Fahlroth O, Ekeflod E, Lundberg A, Viberg N, et al. Internet-based therapist-supported interpersonal psychotherapy for depression: A randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord. 2025;369:188-94."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kay-Lambkin, 2009",
          "ref": "Kay-Lambkin, F. J., Baker, A. L., Lewin, T. J., & Carr, V. J. (2009). Computer-based psychological treatment for comorbid depression and problematic alcohol and/or cannabis use: A randomized controlled trial of clinical efficacy. Addiction, 104(3), 378-388. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02444.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Krämer, 2022",
          "ref": "Krämer, R., Köhne-Voll, , L., Schumacher, A., & Köhler, S. Efficacy of an online intervention for treatment of depressive disorders: a three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing guided and unguided self-help with waitlist control. JMIR Form Res."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lappalainen, 2015",
          "ref": "Lappalainen P, Langrial S, Oinas-Kukkonen H, Tolvanen A, Lappalainen R. Web-based acceptance and commitment therapy for depressive symptoms with minimal support: A randomized controlled trial. Behavior modification. 2015;39(6):805-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Liu, 2009",
          "ref": "Liu ET-H, Chen W-L, Li Y-H, Wang CH, Mok TJ, Huang HS. Exploring the efficacy of cognitive bibliotherapy and a potential mechanism of change in the treatment of depressive symptoms among the Chinese: A randomized controlled trial. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 2009;33(5):449-61."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lobner, 2018",
          "ref": "Lobner M, Pabst A, Stein J, et al. Computerized cognitive behavior therapy for patients with mild to moderately severe depression in primary care: A pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial (@ktiv). J Affect Disord 2018-238: 317-26."
        },
        {
          "study": "Milgrom, 2016",
          "ref": "Milgrom J, Danaher BG, Gemmill AW, Holt C, Holt CJ, Seeley JR, et al. Internet cognitive behavioral therapy for women with postnatal depression: A randomized controlled trial of MumMoodBooster. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2016;18(3):e54."
        },
        {
          "study": "Milgrom, 2021",
          "ref": "Milgrom, J., Danaher, B. G., Seeley, J. R., Holt, C. J., Holt, C., Ericksen, J., Tyler, M. S., Gau, J. M., & Gemmill, A. W. (2021). Internet and Face-to-face Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Postnatal Depression Compared With Treatment as Usual: Randomized Controlled Trial of MumMoodBooster. J Med Internet Res, 23(12), e17185. https://doi.org/10.2196/17185"
        },
        {
          "study": "Moldovan, 2013",
          "ref": "Moldovan R, Cobeanu O, David D. Cognitive bibliotherapy for mild depressive symptomatology: Randomized clinical trial of efficacy and mechanisms of change. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2013;20(6):482-93."
        },
        {
          "study": "Montero-Marin, 2016",
          "ref": "Montero-Marín, J., Araya, R., Pérez-Yus, M. C., Mayoral, F., Gili, M., Botella, C., . . . López-Del-Hoyo, Y. (2016). An internet-based intervention for depression in primary Care in Spain: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(8), e231. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Nadort, 2022",
          "ref": "Nadort, E., Schouten, R. W., Boeschoten, R. E., Smets, Y., Chandie Shaw, P., Vleming, L. J., . . . Siegert, C. E. H. (2022). Internet-based treatment for depressive symptoms in hemodialysis patients: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 75, 46-53. doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2022.01.008"
        },
        {
          "study": "Otu, 2023",
          "ref": "Otu MS, Ebizie EN, Otu FM, Eseadi C. Efficacy of a counselling video blog intervention from YouTube on depression reduction among primary school teachers. Psychological Studies. 2023;68(3):335-41."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pardini, 2014 (study 2)",
          "ref": "Pardini J, Scogin F, Schriver J, Domino M, Wilson D, LaRocca M. Efficacy and process of cognitive bibliotherapy for the treatment of depression in jail and prison inmates. Psychological services 2014-11(2): 141-52. (study2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Perini, 2009",
          "ref": "Perini S, Titov N, Andrews G. Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for depression: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;43(6):571-8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2012",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., & Hevey, D. (2013). A comparison of two online cognitive-behavioural interventions for symptoms of depression in a student population: The role of therapist responsiveness. Counselling & Psychotherapy Research, 13(3), 184-193. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2013-30909-004&site=ehost-live ORCID: 0000-0003-2844-0449 ORCID: 0000-0003-2785-0753 ORCID: 0000-0003-0871-4078 derek.richards@tcd.ie"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2015",
          "ref": "Richards D, Timulak L, O'Brien E, Hayes C, Vigano N, Sharry J, et al. A randomized controlled trial of an internet-delivered treatment: Its potential as a low-intensity community intervention for adults with symptoms of depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2015;75:20-31."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ritvo, 2021",
          "ref": "Ritvo, P., et al. (2021). \"Online Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention for Youth With Major Depressive Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(3): e24380."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell, 2020",
          "ref": "Russell, A., Gaunt, D. M., Cooper, K., Barton, S., Horwood, J., Kessler, D., . . . et al. (2019). The feasibility of low-intensity psychological therapy for depression co-occurring with autism in adults: the Autism Depression Trial (ADEPT) – a pilot randomised controlled trial. Autism. doi:10.1177/1362361319889272"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sandoval, 2017",
          "ref": "Sandoval, L., Buckey, J., Ainslie, R., Tombari, M., Stone, W., & Hegel, M. (2017). Randomized Controlled Trial of a Computerized Interactive Media-Based Problem Solving Treatment for Depression. Behavior Therapy, 48(3), 413-425."
        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013b",
          "ref": "Williams C, Wilson P, Morrison J, McMahon A, Andrew W, Allan L, et al. Guided self-help cognitive behavioural therapy for depression in primary care: A randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e52735."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Amano, 2023",
          "ref": "Amano, M., Katayama, N., Umeda, S., Terasawa, Y., Tabuchi, H., Kikuchi, T., . . . Nakagawa, A. (2023). The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on future thinking in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.997154"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ammerman, 2013",
          "ref": "Ammerman RT, Putnam FW, Altaye M, Stevens J, Teeters AR, Van Ginkel JB. A clinical trial of in-home CBT for depressed mothers in home visitation. Behavior Therapy. 2013;44(3):359-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Au, 2022",
          "ref": "Au, A., Nan, H., Sum, R., Ng, F., Kwong, A., & Wong, S. (2022). Cognitive behavioural therapy for adherence and sub-clinical depression in type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial (abridged secondary publication). Hong Kong Med J, 28 Suppl 3(3), 21-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Baker, 2010",
          "ref": "Baker AL, Kavanagh DJ, Kay-Lambkin FJ, Hunt SA, Lewin TJ, Carr VJ, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for coexisting depression and alcohol problems: short-term outcome. Addiction (Abingdon, England). 2010;105(1):87-99."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer, 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer T, Crane C, Hargus E, Amarasinghe M, Winder R, Williams JM. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2009;47(5):366-73."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basirat, 2022",
          "ref": "Basirat, Z., Kheirkhah, F., Faramarzi, M., Esmaelzadeh, S., Khafri, S., & Tajali, Z. (2022). Pharmacotherapy or Psychotherapy? Selective Treatment Depression in The Infertile Women with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Triple-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Fertility and Sterility, 16(3), 211-219. doi:10.22074/ijfs.2021.529258.1124"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bedard, 2014",
          "ref": "Bedard M, Felteau M, Marshall S, Cullen N, Gibbons C, Dubois S, et al. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy reduces symptoms of depression in people with a traumatic brain injury: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. 2014;29(4):E13-E22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bell, 2012",
          "ref": "Bell, C. J., Colhoun, H. C., Carter, F. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2012). Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46(7), 630-640. doi:10.1177/0004867412437346"
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2011",
          "ref": "Berger T, Hämmerli K, Gubser N, Andersson G, Caspar F. Internet-based treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial comparing guided with unguided self-help. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. 2011;40(4):251-66."
        },
        {
          "study": "Berger, 2014",
          "ref": "Berger, T., Boettcher, J., & Caspar, F. (2014). Internet-based guided self-help for several anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial comparing a tailored with a standardized disorder-specific approach. Psychotherapy (Chic), 51(2), 207-219. doi:10.1037/a0032527"
        },
        {
          "study": "Bilich, 2008",
          "ref": "Bilich, L. L., Deane, F. P., Phipps, A. B., Barisic, M., & Gould, G. (2008). Effectiveness of bibliotherapy self-help for depression with varying levels of telephone helpline support. Clin Psychol Psychother, 15(2), 61-74. doi:10.1002/cpp.562"
        },
        {
          "study": "Boeschoten, 2017",
          "ref": "Boeschoten, R. E., Dekker, J., Uitdehaag, B. M. J., Beekman, A. T. F., Hoogendoorn, A. W., Collette, E. H., . . . Van Oppen, P. (2017). Internet-based treatment for depression in multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial. Multiple Sclerosis, 23(8), 1112-1122."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carlbring, 2013",
          "ref": "Carlbring P, Hagglund M, Luthstrom A, Dahlin M, Kadowaki A, Vernmark K, et al. Internet-based behavioral activation and acceptance-based treatment for depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;148(2-3):331-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carpenter, 2008",
          "ref": "Carpenter KM, Smith JL, Aharonovich E, Nunes EV. Developing therapies for depression in drug dependence: Results of a stage 1 therapy study. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 2008;34(5):642-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Carr, 2017",
          "ref": "Carr, A., Finnegan, L., Griffin, E., Cotter, P., & Hyland, A. (2017). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Say Yes to Life (SYTL) Positive Psychology Group Psychotherapy Program for Depression: An Interim Report. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 47(3), 153-161."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chan, 2012",
          "ref": "Chan AS, Wong QY, Sze SL, Kwong PP, Han YM, Cheung MC. A Chinese Chan-based mind-body intervention for patients with depression. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2012;142(1-3):283-9."
        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Ransom, 2008",
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        },
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          "study": "Raya-Tena, 2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Ying, 2022",
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        },
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          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
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          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
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        },
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          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
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        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 197,
      "instr": "BDI-II",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Format",
      "sgv": "Individual",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 63,
      "k_es": 77,
      "sd": 10.118,
      "lo": 9.202,
      "hi": 11.127,
      "tau2": 0.1386,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 4.848,
      "phi": 21.121,
      "i2": 96,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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          "ref": "Lexis MA, Jansen NW, Huibers MJ, Amelsvoort LG, Berkouwer A, Tjin ATG, et al. Prevention of long-term sickness absence and major depression in high-risk employees: A randomised controlled trial. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2011;68(6):400-7."
        },
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          "study": "Lovell, 2008",
          "ref": "Lovell K, Bower P, Richards D, Barkham Mi, Sibbald B, Roberts C, et al. Developing guided self-help for depression using the medical research council complex interventions framework: A description of the modelling phase and results of an exploratory randomised controlled trial. BMC psychiatry. 2008;8."
        },
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          "study": "MacPherson, 2013",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Mansour, 2022",
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        },
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          "study": "Martin, 2015",
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        },
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          "study": "Mathiasen, 2016",
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        },
        {
          "study": "McIndoo, 2016",
          "ref": "McIndoo CC, File AA, Preddy T, Clark CG, Hopko DR. Mindfulness-based therapy and behavioral activation: A randomized controlled trial with depressed college students. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2016;77:118-28."
        },
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          "study": "McKee, 2006",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Milgrom, 2015b",
          "ref": "Milgrom J, Holt C, Holt CJ, Ross J, Ericksen J, Gemmill AW. Feasibility study and pilot randomised trial of an antenatal depression treatment with infant follow-up. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2015;18(5):717-30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Milgrom, 2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Nakagawa, 2017",
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        },
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          "study": "Nakao, 2018",
          "ref": "Nakao, S., Nakagawa, A., Oguchi, Y., Mitsuda, D., Kato, N., Nakagawa, Y., Tamura, N., Kudo, Y., Abe, T., Hiyama, M., Iwashita, S., Ono, Y., & Mimura, M. Web-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Blended With Face-to-Face Sessions for Major Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(9), e10743."
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2013",
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        },
        {
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        },
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          "study": "Nissen, 2020",
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        },
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          "study": "O'Mahen, 2013a",
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        },
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          "study": "Olukolade, 2017",
          "ref": "Olukolade, O., & Osinowo, H. (2017). Efficacy of Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapy on Poststroke Depression among Survivors of First Stroke Attack in Ibadan, Nigeria. Behavioural Neurology, 2017"
        },
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          "study": "Patel, 2017",
          "ref": "Patel, V., Weobong, B., Weiss, H., Anand, A., Bhat, B., Katti, B., . . . Fairburn, C. (2017). The Healthy Activity Program (HAP), a lay counsellor-delivered brief psychological treatment for severe depression, in primary care in India: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (london, england), 389(10065), 176-185."
        },
        {
          "study": "Piers, 2023",
          "ref": "Piers, R. J., Farchione, T. J., Wong, B., Rosellini, A. J., & Cronin-Golomb, A. (2023). Telehealth Transdiagnostic Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression in Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Movement Disorders Clinical Practice, 10(1), 79-85. doi:10.1002/mdc3.13587"
        },
        {
          "study": "Preschl, 2012",
          "ref": "Preschl B, Maercker A, Wagner B, Forstmeier S, Banos RM, Alcaniz M, et al. Life-review therapy with computer supplements for depression in the elderly: A randomized controlled trial. Aging and Mental Health. 2012;16(8):964-74."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ransom, 2008",
          "ref": "Ransom D, Heckman TG, Anderson T, Garske J, Holroyd K, Basta T. Telephone-delivered, interpersonal psychotherapy for HIV-infected rural persons with depression: A pilot trial. Psychiatric Services. 2008;59(8):871-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2018",
          "ref": "Richards SH, Dickens C, Anderson R, et al. Assessing the effectiveness of Enhanced Psychological Care for patients with depressive symptoms attending cardiac rehabilitation compared with treatment as usual (CADENCE): a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial. Trials 2018; 19(1)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Rief, 2018",
          "ref": "Rief W, Bleichhardt G, Dannehl K, Euteneuer F, Wambach K. Comparing the Efficacy of CBASP with Two Versions of CBT for Depression in a Routine Care Center: a Randomized Clinical Trial. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics 2018;"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schmidt, 2012",
          "ref": "Schmidt, N. B., Buckner, J. D., Pusser, A., Woolaway-Bickel, K., Preston, J. L., & Norr, A. (2012). Randomized controlled trial of false safety behavior elimination therapy: a unified cognitive behavioral treatment for anxiety psychopathology. Behav Ther, 43(3), 518-532. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2012.02.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Serfaty, 2009",
          "ref": "Serfaty MA, Haworth D, Blanchard M, Buszewicz M, Murad S, King M. Clinical effectiveness of individual cognitive behavioral therapy for depressed older people in primary care: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2009;66(12):1332-40."
        },
        {
          "study": "Serfaty, 2020",
          "ref": "Serfaty, M., King, M., Nazareth, I., Moorey, S., Aspden, T., Tookman, A., . . . Jones, L. (2019). Manualised cognitive and behavioural therapy in treating depression in advanced cancer: the CanTalk RCT. Health Technology Assessment, 23(19), 1‐106. doi:10.3310/hta23190"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Steel, 2020",
          "ref": "Steel, C., Korrelboom, K., Baksh, M. F., Kingdon, D., Simon, J., Wykes, T., ... & van der Gaag, M. (2020). Positive memory training for the treatment of depression in schizophrenia: A randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 135, 103734."
        },
        {
          "study": "Talbot, 2011",
          "ref": "Talbot NL, Chaudron LH, Ward EA, Duberstein PR, Conwell Y, O'Hara MW, et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed women with sexual abuse histories. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(4):374-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tovote, 2014",
          "ref": "Tovote KA, Fleer J, Snippe E, Peeters A, Emmelkamp PMG, Sanderman R, et al. Individual mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for treating depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2014;37(9):2427-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Winnebeck, 2017",
          "ref": "Winnebeck, E., Fissler, M., Gärtner, M., Chadwick, P., & Barnhofer, T. (2017). Brief training in mindfulness meditation reduces symptoms in patients with a chronic or recurrent lifetime history of depression: A randomized controlled study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 99, 124-130. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.10.005"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "BDI-II",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
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      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 143,
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      "tau2": 0.136,
      "tau2w": 0.0045,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Amano, 2023",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Cukor, 2014",
          "ref": "Cukor, D., Ver Halen, N., Asher, D. R., Coplan, J. D., Weedon, J., Wyka, K. E., . . . Kimmel, P. L. (2014). Psychosocial intervention improves depression, quality of life, and fluid adherence in hemodialysis. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 25(1), 196-206. doi:https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2012111134"
        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Eseadi, 2018",
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        },
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          "study": "Eseadi, 2022",
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        },
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          "study": "Fissler, 2016",
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        },
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          "ref": "Gawrysiak M, Nicholas C, Hopko DR. Behavioral activation for moderately depressed university students: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 2009;56(3):468-75."
        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Steel, 2020",
          "ref": "Steel, C., Korrelboom, K., Baksh, M. F., Kingdon, D., Simon, J., Wykes, T., ... & van der Gaag, M. (2020). Positive memory training for the treatment of depression in schizophrenia: A randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 135, 103734."
        },
        {
          "study": "Strauss, 2012",
          "ref": "Strauss C, Hayward M, Chadwick P. Group person-based cognitive therapy for chronic depression: A pilot randomized controlled trial. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2012;51(3):345-50."
        },
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          "study": "Takagaki, 2016",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Talbot, 2011",
          "ref": "Talbot NL, Chaudron LH, Ward EA, Duberstein PR, Conwell Y, O'Hara MW, et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed women with sexual abuse histories. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(4):374-80."
        },
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          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
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          "study": "Tovote, 2014",
          "ref": "Tovote KA, Fleer J, Snippe E, Peeters A, Emmelkamp PMG, Sanderman R, et al. Individual mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for treating depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2014;37(9):2427-34."
        },
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          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
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        },
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          "study": "Victor-Aigbodion, 2023",
          "ref": "Victor-Aigbodion, V., Eseadi, C., Ardi, Z., Sewagegn, A. A., Ololo, K., Abonor, L. B., . . . Effanga, O. A. (2023). Effectiveness of rational emotive behavior therapy in reducing depression among undergraduate medical students. Medicine (Baltimore), 102(4), e32724. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000032724"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
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          "study": "Williams, 2013b",
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        },
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          "study": "Winnebeck, 2017",
          "ref": "Winnebeck, E., Fissler, M., Gärtner, M., Chadwick, P., & Barnhofer, T. (2017). Brief training in mindfulness meditation reduces symptoms in patients with a chronic or recurrent lifetime history of depression: A randomized controlled study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 99, 124-130. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.10.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
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          "study": "Yang, 2018",
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        },
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          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
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        {
          "study": "Au, 2022",
          "ref": "Au, A., Nan, H., Sum, R., Ng, F., Kwong, A., & Wong, S. (2022). Cognitive behavioural therapy for adherence and sub-clinical depression in type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial (abridged secondary publication). Hong Kong Med J, 28 Suppl 3(3), 21-23."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mulcahy, 2010",
          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
        {
          "study": "Psarraki, 2021",
          "ref": "Psarraki, E. E., Bacopoulou, F., Panagoulias, E., Michou, M., Pelekasis, P., Artemiadis, A., . . . Darviri, C. (2021). The effects of Pythagorean Self-Awareness Intervention on patients with major depressive disorder: A pilot randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res, 138, 326-334. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.067"
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
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      "refs": [
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Victor-Aigbodion, 2023",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Williams, 2013",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013b",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Winnebeck, 2017",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yang, 2018",
          "ref": "Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zu S, Zhao J. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: a six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. Journal of affective disorders 2018; 226: 251‐60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
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      "refs": [
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          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
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      "refs": [
        {
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          "study": "Eseadi, 2018",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
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        },
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          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
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        },
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          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
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        },
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          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
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        }
      ]
    },
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      "k": 44,
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      "refs": [
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          "study": "Ekers, 2011",
          "ref": "Ekers D, Richards D, McMillan D, Bland JM, Gilbody S. Behavioural activation delivered by the non-specialist: Phase II randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2011;198(1):66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonagy, 2015",
          "ref": "Fonagy P, Rost F, Carlyle JA, McPherson S, Thomas R, Pasco Fearon RM, et al. Pragmatic randomized controlled trial of long-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy for treatment-resistant depression: The Tavistock Adult Depression Study (TADS). World Psychiatry. 2015;14(3):312-21."
        },
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          "study": "Fonagy, 2019",
          "ref": "Fonagy P, Lemma A, Target M, O'Keeffe S, Constantinou MP, Ventura Wurman T, et al. Dynamic interpersonal therapy for moderate to severe depression: a pilot randomized controlled and feasibility trial. Psychological medicine. 2019:1-10."
        },
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          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Hoifodt, 2013",
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        },
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          "study": "Hsiao, 2014",
          "ref": "Hsiao, F.-H., Lai, Y.-M., Chen, Y.-T., Yang, T.-T., Liao, S.-C., Ho, R. T., Ng, S.-M., Chan, C. L., & Jow, G.-M. (2014). Efficacy of psychotherapy on diurnal cortisol patterns and suicidal ideation in adjustment disorder with depressed mood. General hospital psychiatry, 36(2), 214-219. http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0163834313003113/1-s2.0-S0163834313003113-main.pdf?_tid=685fbc62-cf4e-11e5-b7e9-00000aab0f6c&acdnat=1455037317_a8c762fea010c7ac31f2152769dad94c"
        },
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          "study": "Kanter, 2015",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Korrelboom, 2012",
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        },
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          "study": "Laidlaw, 2008",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Lobner, 2018",
          "ref": "Lobner M, Pabst A, Stein J, et al. Computerized cognitive behavior therapy for patients with mild to moderately severe depression in primary care: A pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial (@ktiv). J Affect Disord 2018-238: 317-26."
        },
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          "study": "Lovell, 2008",
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        },
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          "study": "MacPherson, 2013",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Montero-Marin, 2016",
          "ref": "Montero-Marín, J., Araya, R., Pérez-Yus, M. C., Mayoral, F., Gili, M., Botella, C., . . . López-Del-Hoyo, Y. (2016). An internet-based intervention for depression in primary Care in Spain: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(8), e231. "
        },
        {
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Nakagawa, 2017",
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        },
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          "study": "Nakao, 2018",
          "ref": "Nakao, S., Nakagawa, A., Oguchi, Y., Mitsuda, D., Kato, N., Nakagawa, Y., Tamura, N., Kudo, Y., Abe, T., Hiyama, M., Iwashita, S., Ono, Y., & Mimura, M. Web-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Blended With Face-to-Face Sessions for Major Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(9), e10743."
        },
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          "study": "Patel, 2017",
          "ref": "Patel, V., Weobong, B., Weiss, H., Anand, A., Bhat, B., Katti, B., . . . Fairburn, C. (2017). The Healthy Activity Program (HAP), a lay counsellor-delivered brief psychological treatment for severe depression, in primary care in India: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (london, england), 389(10065), 176-185."
        },
        {
          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Psarraki, 2021",
          "ref": "Psarraki, E. E., Bacopoulou, F., Panagoulias, E., Michou, M., Pelekasis, P., Artemiadis, A., . . . Darviri, C. (2021). The effects of Pythagorean Self-Awareness Intervention on patients with major depressive disorder: A pilot randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res, 138, 326-334. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.067"
        },
        {
          "study": "Raya-Tena, 2021",
          "ref": "Raya-Tena, A., Fernández-San-Martin, M. I., Martin-Royo, J., Casañas, R., Sauch-Valmaña, G., Cols-Sagarra, C., . . . Jiménez-Herrera, M. F. (2021). Effectiveness of a Psychoeducational Group Intervention Carried Out by Nurses for Patients with Depression and Physical Comorbidity in Primary Care: Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(6). doi:10.3390/ijerph18062948"
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rief, 2018",
          "ref": "Rief W, Bleichhardt G, Dannehl K, Euteneuer F, Wambach K. Comparing the Efficacy of CBASP with Two Versions of CBT for Depression in a Routine Care Center: a Randomized Clinical Trial. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics 2018;"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ritvo, 2021",
          "ref": "Ritvo, P., et al. (2021). \"Online Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention for Youth With Major Depressive Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial.\" J Med Internet Res 23(3): e24380."
        },
        {
          "study": "Savari, 2021",
          "ref": "Savari, Y., Mohagheghi, H., & Petrocchi, N. (2021). A preliminary investigation on the effectiveness of compassionate mind training for students with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Mindfulness, 12(5), 1159-1172. doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01584-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schmidt, 2012",
          "ref": "Schmidt, N. B., Buckner, J. D., Pusser, A., Woolaway-Bickel, K., Preston, J. L., & Norr, A. (2012). Randomized controlled trial of false safety behavior elimination therapy: a unified cognitive behavioral treatment for anxiety psychopathology. Behav Ther, 43(3), 518-532. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2012.02.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Steel, 2020",
          "ref": "Steel, C., Korrelboom, K., Baksh, M. F., Kingdon, D., Simon, J., Wykes, T., ... & van der Gaag, M. (2020). Positive memory training for the treatment of depression in schizophrenia: A randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 135, 103734."
        },
        {
          "study": "Strauss, 2012",
          "ref": "Strauss C, Hayward M, Chadwick P. Group person-based cognitive therapy for chronic depression: A pilot randomized controlled trial. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2012;51(3):345-50."
        },
        {
          "study": "Talbot, 2011",
          "ref": "Talbot NL, Chaudron LH, Ward EA, Duberstein PR, Conwell Y, O'Hara MW, et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed women with sexual abuse histories. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(4):374-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013b",
          "ref": "Williams C, Wilson P, Morrison J, McMahon A, Andrew W, Allan L, et al. Guided self-help cognitive behavioural therapy for depression in primary care: A randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e52735."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        }
      ]
    },
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      "refs": [
        {
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          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Spek, 2007",
          "ref": "Spek V, Nyklicek I, Smits N, Cuijpers P, Riper H, Keyzer J, et al. Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for subthreshold depression in people over 50 years old: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Psychological Medicine. 2007;37(12):1797-806."
        },
        {
          "study": "Steel, 2020",
          "ref": "Steel, C., Korrelboom, K., Baksh, M. F., Kingdon, D., Simon, J., Wykes, T., ... & van der Gaag, M. (2020). Positive memory training for the treatment of depression in schizophrenia: A randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 135, 103734."
        },
        {
          "study": "Strauss, 2012",
          "ref": "Strauss C, Hayward M, Chadwick P. Group person-based cognitive therapy for chronic depression: A pilot randomized controlled trial. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2012;51(3):345-50."
        },
        {
          "study": "Takagaki, 2016",
          "ref": "Takagaki K, Okamoto Y, Jinnin R, Mori A, Nishiyama Y, Yamamura T, et al. Behavioral activation for late adolescents with subthreshold depression: A randomized controlled trial. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2016;25(11):1171-82."
        },
        {
          "study": "Talbot, 2011",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tovote, 2014",
          "ref": "Tovote KA, Fleer J, Snippe E, Peeters A, Emmelkamp PMG, Sanderman R, et al. Individual mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for treating depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2014;37(9):2427-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner, 2013",
          "ref": "Turner A, Hambridge J, Baker A, Bowman J, McElduff P. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behaviour therapy versus brief intervention for depression in cardiac patients. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2013;47(3):235-43."
        },
        {
          "study": "Victor-Aigbodion, 2023",
          "ref": "Victor-Aigbodion, V., Eseadi, C., Ardi, Z., Sewagegn, A. A., Ololo, K., Abonor, L. B., . . . Effanga, O. A. (2023). Effectiveness of rational emotive behavior therapy in reducing depression among undergraduate medical students. Medicine (Baltimore), 102(4), e32724. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000032724"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013b",
          "ref": "Williams C, Wilson P, Morrison J, McMahon A, Andrew W, Allan L, et al. Guided self-help cognitive behavioural therapy for depression in primary care: A randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e52735."
        },
        {
          "study": "Winnebeck, 2017",
          "ref": "Winnebeck, E., Fissler, M., Gärtner, M., Chadwick, P., & Barnhofer, T. (2017). Brief training in mindfulness meditation reduces symptoms in patients with a chronic or recurrent lifetime history of depression: A randomized controlled study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 99, 124-130. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.10.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yang, 2018",
          "ref": "Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zu S, Zhao J. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: a six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. Journal of affective disorders 2018; 226: 251‐60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
      ]
    },
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      "refs": [
        {
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Fereydouni, 2022",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2012",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Williams, 2013",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Winnebeck, 2017",
          "ref": "Winnebeck, E., Fissler, M., Gärtner, M., Chadwick, P., & Barnhofer, T. (2017). Brief training in mindfulness meditation reduces symptoms in patients with a chronic or recurrent lifetime history of depression: A randomized controlled study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 99, 124-130. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.10.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        }
      ]
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
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        },
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          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
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        },
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          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 207,
      "instr": "BDI-II",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Recruitment",
      "sgv": "Other",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 40,
      "k_es": 46,
      "sd": 8.566,
      "lo": 7.384,
      "hi": 9.937,
      "tau2": 0.2207,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.371,
      "phi": 21.768,
      "i2": 97.3,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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        {
          "study": "Dekker, 2012",
          "ref": "Dekker RL, Moser DK, Peden AR, Lennie TA. Cognitive therapy improves three-month outcomes in hospitalized patients with heart failure. Journal of cardiac failure. 2012;18(1):10-20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Desautels, 2018",
          "ref": "Desautels, C., Savard, J., Ivers, H., Savard, M. H., & Caplette-Gingras, A. (2018). Treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive therapy and bright light therapy [Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial]. Health Psychology, 37(1), 1‐13. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000539"
        },
        {
          "study": "El-Monshed, 2024",
          "ref": "El-Monshed, A. H., Khonji, L. M., Altheeb, M., Saad, M. T. E., Elsheikh, M. A., Loutfy, A., . . . Zoromba, M. A. (2024). Does a program-based cognitive behavioral therapy affect insomnia and depression in menopausal women? A randomized controlled trial. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs, 21(2), 202-215. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12707"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eseadi, 2018",
          "ref": "Eseadi C, Obidoa MA, Ogbuabor SE, Ikechukwu-Ilomuanya AB. Effects of Group-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Coaching Program on Depressive Symptoms in a Sample of Inmates in a Nigerian Prison. International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology 2018; 62(6): 1589-602."
        },
        {
          "study": "Eseadi, 2022",
          "ref": "Eseadi, C., Ilechukwu, L. C., Victor-Aigbodion, V., Sewagegn, A. A., & Amedu, A. N. (2022). Intervention for depression among undergraduate religious education students: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore), 101(41), e31034. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000031034"
        },
        {
          "study": "Freedland, 2015",
          "ref": "Freedland KE, Carney RM, Rich MW, Steinmeyer BC, Rubin EH. Cognitive behavior therapy for depression and self-care in heart failure patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2015;175(11):1773-82."
        },
        {
          "study": "Furukawa, 2012",
          "ref": "Furukawa TA, Horikoshi M, Kawakami N, Kadota M, Sasaki M, Sekiya Y, et al. Telephone cognitive-behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression and presenteeism in workplace: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e35330."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jalali, 2019",
          "ref": "Jalali, F., Hasani, A., Hashemi, S. F., Kimiaei, S. A., & Babaei, A. (2019). Cognitive Group Therapy Based on Schema-Focused Approach for Reducing Depression in Prisoners Living With HIV. International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology, 63(2), 276‐288. doi:10.1177/0306624X18784185"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jesse, 2015",
          "ref": "Jesse DE, Gaynes BN, Feldhousen EB, Newton ER, Bunch S, Hollon SD. Performance of a culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention integrated in a public health setting to reduce risk of antepartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 2015;60(5):578-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Khoshbooii, 2021",
          "ref": "Khoshbooii, R., Hassan, S. A., Deylami, N., Muhamad, R., Engku Kamarudin, E. M., & Alareqe, N. A. (2021). Effects of Group and Individual Culturally Adapted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Depression and Sexual Satisfaction among Perimenopausal Women. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147711"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lexis, 2011",
          "ref": "Lexis MA, Jansen NW, Huibers MJ, Amelsvoort LG, Berkouwer A, Tjin ATG, et al. Prevention of long-term sickness absence and major depression in high-risk employees: A randomised controlled trial. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2011;68(6):400-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Majidzadeh, 2023",
          "ref": "Majidzadeh S, Mirghafourvand M, Farvareshi M, Yavarikia P. The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on depression and anxiety of women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2023;23(1):332."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mansour, 2022",
          "ref": "Mansour, N., Labib, N., Khalil, M., & Esmat, S. (2022). Brief Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Patients with Comorbid Depression and Type 2 Diabetes in an Urban Primary Care Facility: Randomized Controlled Trial. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 10, 60-67. doi:10.3889/oamjms.2022.7883"
        },
        {
          "study": "McKee, 2006",
          "ref": "McKee MD, Zayas LH, Fletcher J, Boyd RC, Nam SH. Results of an intervention to reduce perinatal depression among low-income minority women in community primary care. Journal of Social Service Research. 2006;32(4):63-81."
        },
        {
          "study": "Milgrom, 2011",
          "ref": "Milgrom J, Holt CJ, Gemmill AW, Ericksen J, Leigh B, Buist A, et al. Treating postnatal depressive symptoms in primary care: A randomised controlled trial of GP management, with and without adjunctive counselling. BMC psychiatry. 2011;11:95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nadort, 2022",
          "ref": "Nadort, E., Schouten, R. W., Boeschoten, R. E., Smets, Y., Chandie Shaw, P., Vleming, L. J., . . . Siegert, C. E. H. (2022). Internet-based treatment for depressive symptoms in hemodialysis patients: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 75, 46-53. doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2022.01.008"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nissen, 2020",
          "ref": "Nissen ER, O'Connor M, Kaldo V, Højris I, Borre M, Zachariae R, et al. Internet-delivered mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for anxiety and depression in cancer survivors: A randomized controlled trial. Psycho-oncology. 2020;29(1):68-75."
        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Olukolade, 2017",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Onuigbo, 2019",
          "ref": "Onuigbo, L. N., Eseadi, C., Ebifa, S., Ugwu, U. C., Onyishi, C. N., & Oyeoku, E. K. (2019). Effect of rational emotive behavior therapy program on depressive symptoms among university students with blindness in Nigeria. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 37(1), 17-38. doi:10.1007/s10942-018-0297-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Otu, 2023",
          "ref": "Otu MS, Ebizie EN, Otu FM, Eseadi C. Efficacy of a counselling video blog intervention from YouTube on depression reduction among primary school teachers. Psychological Studies. 2023;68(3):335-41."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pardini, 2014 (study 2)",
          "ref": "Pardini J, Scogin F, Schriver J, Domino M, Wilson D, LaRocca M. Efficacy and process of cognitive bibliotherapy for the treatment of depression in jail and prison inmates. Psychological services 2014-11(2): 141-52. (study2)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Raji, 2022",
          "ref": "Raji Lahiji, M., Sajadian, A., Haghighat, S., Zarrati, M., Dareini, H., Raji Lahiji, M., & Razmpoosh, E. (2022). Effectiveness of logotherapy and nutrition counseling on psychological status, quality of life, and dietary intake among breast cancer survivors with depressive disorder: a randomized clinical trial. Supportive Care in Cancer. doi:10.1007/s00520-022-07237-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2018",
          "ref": "Richards SH, Dickens C, Anderson R, et al. Assessing the effectiveness of Enhanced Psychological Care for patients with depressive symptoms attending cardiac rehabilitation compared with treatment as usual (CADENCE): a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial. Trials 2018; 19(1)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell, 2020",
          "ref": "Russell, A., Gaunt, D. M., Cooper, K., Barton, S., Horwood, J., Kessler, D., . . . et al. (2019). The feasibility of low-intensity psychological therapy for depression co-occurring with autism in adults: the Autism Depression Trial (ADEPT) – a pilot randomised controlled trial. Autism. doi:10.1177/1362361319889272"
        },
        {
          "study": "Serfaty, 2020",
          "ref": "Serfaty, M., King, M., Nazareth, I., Moorey, S., Aspden, T., Tookman, A., . . . Jones, L. (2019). Manualised cognitive and behavioural therapy in treating depression in advanced cancer: the CanTalk RCT. Health Technology Assessment, 23(19), 1‐106. doi:10.3310/hta23190"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
        {
          "study": "Takagaki, 2016",
          "ref": "Takagaki K, Okamoto Y, Jinnin R, Mori A, Nishiyama Y, Yamamura T, et al. Behavioral activation for late adolescents with subthreshold depression: A randomized controlled trial. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2016;25(11):1171-82."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tovote, 2014",
          "ref": "Tovote KA, Fleer J, Snippe E, Peeters A, Emmelkamp PMG, Sanderman R, et al. Individual mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for treating depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2014;37(9):2427-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Victor-Aigbodion, 2023",
          "ref": "Victor-Aigbodion, V., Eseadi, C., Ardi, Z., Sewagegn, A. A., Ololo, K., Abonor, L. B., . . . Effanga, O. A. (2023). Effectiveness of rational emotive behavior therapy in reducing depression among undergraduate medical students. Medicine (Baltimore), 102(4), e32724. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000032724"
        },
        {
          "study": "Yang, 2018",
          "ref": "Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zu S, Zhao J. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: a six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. Journal of affective disorders 2018; 226: 251‐60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
      ]
    },
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      "sg": "Recruitment",
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      "refs": [
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Cukor, 2014",
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          "study": "Dao, 2011",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Dekker, 2012",
          "ref": "Dekker RL, Moser DK, Peden AR, Lennie TA. Cognitive therapy improves three-month outcomes in hospitalized patients with heart failure. Journal of cardiac failure. 2012;18(1):10-20."
        },
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          "study": "Desautels, 2018",
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        },
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          "study": "Diaz-Garcia, 2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Dunn, 2007",
          "ref": "Dunn NJ, Rehm LP, Schillaci J, Souchek J, Mehta P, Ashton CM, et al. A randomized trial of self-management and psychoeducational group therapies for comorbid chronic posttraumatic stress disorder and depressive disorder. Journal of traumatic stress. 2007;20(3):221-37."
        },
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          "study": "Ekers, 2011",
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        },
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          "ref": "El-Monshed, A. H., Khonji, L. M., Altheeb, M., Saad, M. T. E., Elsheikh, M. A., Loutfy, A., . . . Zoromba, M. A. (2024). Does a program-based cognitive behavioral therapy affect insomnia and depression in menopausal women? A randomized controlled trial. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs, 21(2), 202-215. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12707"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eseadi, 2018",
          "ref": "Eseadi C, Obidoa MA, Ogbuabor SE, Ikechukwu-Ilomuanya AB. Effects of Group-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Coaching Program on Depressive Symptoms in a Sample of Inmates in a Nigerian Prison. International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology 2018; 62(6): 1589-602."
        },
        {
          "study": "Eseadi, 2022",
          "ref": "Eseadi, C., Ilechukwu, L. C., Victor-Aigbodion, V., Sewagegn, A. A., & Amedu, A. N. (2022). Intervention for depression among undergraduate religious education students: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore), 101(41), e31034. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000031034"
        },
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          "study": "Euteneuer, 2017",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Fissler, 2016",
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        },
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          "study": "Freedland, 2015",
          "ref": "Freedland KE, Carney RM, Rich MW, Steinmeyer BC, Rubin EH. Cognitive behavior therapy for depression and self-care in heart failure patients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2015;175(11):1773-82."
        },
        {
          "study": "Furukawa, 2012",
          "ref": "Furukawa TA, Horikoshi M, Kawakami N, Kadota M, Sasaki M, Sekiya Y, et al. Telephone cognitive-behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression and presenteeism in workplace: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e35330."
        },
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          "study": "Garcia, 2023",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Gawrysiak, 2009",
          "ref": "Gawrysiak M, Nicholas C, Hopko DR. Behavioral activation for moderately depressed university students: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 2009;56(3):468-75."
        },
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          "study": "Gonzalez-Robles, 2020",
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        },
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          "study": "Greenberg, 2018",
          "ref": "Greenberg J, Datta T, Shapero BG, Sevinc G, Mischoulon D, Lazar SW. Compassionate hearts protect against wandering minds: Self-compassion moderates the effect of mind-wandering on depression. Spirituality in Clinical Practice 2018; 5(3): 155-69."
        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Strauss, 2012",
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
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          "study": "Titov, 2010",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Tovote, 2014",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner, 2013",
          "ref": "Turner A, Hambridge J, Baker A, Bowman J, McElduff P. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behaviour therapy versus brief intervention for depression in cardiac patients. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2013;47(3):235-43."
        },
        {
          "study": "Victor-Aigbodion, 2023",
          "ref": "Victor-Aigbodion, V., Eseadi, C., Ardi, Z., Sewagegn, A. A., Ololo, K., Abonor, L. B., . . . Effanga, O. A. (2023). Effectiveness of rational emotive behavior therapy in reducing depression among undergraduate medical students. Medicine (Baltimore), 102(4), e32724. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000032724"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
          "ref": "Watkins ER, Taylor RS, Byng R, Baeyens C, Read R, Pearson K, et al. Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A Phase II randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(7):1359-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013b",
          "ref": "Williams C, Wilson P, Morrison J, McMahon A, Andrew W, Allan L, et al. Guided self-help cognitive behavioural therapy for depression in primary care: A randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e52735."
        },
        {
          "study": "Winnebeck, 2017",
          "ref": "Winnebeck, E., Fissler, M., Gärtner, M., Chadwick, P., & Barnhofer, T. (2017). Brief training in mindfulness meditation reduces symptoms in patients with a chronic or recurrent lifetime history of depression: A randomized controlled study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 99, 124-130. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.10.005"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Yang, 2018",
          "ref": "Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Zu S, Zhao J. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: a six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. Journal of affective disorders 2018; 226: 251‐60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 209,
      "instr": "BDI-II",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Low risk of bias",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 61,
      "k_es": 75,
      "sd": 9.721,
      "lo": 8.726,
      "hi": 10.83,
      "tau2": 0.1778,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 4.225,
      "phi": 22.368,
      "i2": 97.7,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Horrell, 2014",
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Milgrom, 2015b",
          "ref": "Milgrom J, Holt C, Holt CJ, Ross J, Ericksen J, Gemmill AW. Feasibility study and pilot randomised trial of an antenatal depression treatment with infant follow-up. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2015;18(5):717-30."
        },
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          "study": "Milgrom, 2016",
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          "study": "Milgrom, 2021",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Onuigbo, 2019",
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        },
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          "study": "Patel, 2017",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Williams, 2013a",
          "ref": "Williams AD, Blackwell SE, Mackenzie A, Holmes EA, Andrews G. Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2013;81(5):793-9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wong, 2018",
          "ref": "Wong SYS, Sun YY, Chan ATY, et al. Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness. Annals of family medicine 2018; 16(2): 111‐9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
          "ref": "Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for comorbid depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Women's Mental Health. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
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      "k": 143,
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      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 211,
      "instr": "BDI-II",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Not low risk of bias",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 83,
      "k_es": 97,
      "sd": 9.205,
      "lo": 8.543,
      "hi": 9.919,
      "tau2": 0.1108,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 4.773,
      "phi": 17.754,
      "i2": 94.7,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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        },
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 212,
      "instr": "BDI-II",
      "full": "Beck Depression Inventory II",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Not low risk of bias",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 143,
      "k_es": 172,
      "sd": 9.4,
      "lo": 8.819,
      "hi": 10.019,
      "tau2": 0.136,
      "tau2w": 0.0045,
      "plo": 4.496,
      "phi": 19.652,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Milgrom, 2021",
          "ref": "Milgrom, J., Danaher, B. G., Seeley, J. R., Holt, C. J., Holt, C., Ericksen, J., Tyler, M. S., Gau, J. M., & Gemmill, A. W. (2021). Internet and Face-to-face Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Postnatal Depression Compared With Treatment as Usual: Randomized Controlled Trial of MumMoodBooster. J Med Internet Res, 23(12), e17185. https://doi.org/10.2196/17185"
        },
        {
          "study": "Moldovan, 2013",
          "ref": "Moldovan R, Cobeanu O, David D. Cognitive bibliotherapy for mild depressive symptomatology: Randomized clinical trial of efficacy and mechanisms of change. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2013;20(6):482-93."
        },
        {
          "study": "Montero-Marin, 2016",
          "ref": "Montero-Marín, J., Araya, R., Pérez-Yus, M. C., Mayoral, F., Gili, M., Botella, C., . . . López-Del-Hoyo, Y. (2016). An internet-based intervention for depression in primary Care in Spain: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(8), e231. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mulcahy, 2010",
          "ref": "Mulcahy R, Reay RE, Wilkinson RB, Owen C. A randomised control trial for the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2010;13(2):125-39."
        },
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          "study": "Musa, 2021",
          "ref": "Musa, Z. A., Soh, K. L., Mukhtar, F., Soh, K. Y., Oladele, T. O., & Soh, K. G. (2021). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy among depressed individuals with disabilities in Nigeria: A randomized controlled trial. Psychiatry Res, 296, 113680. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113680"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nadort, 2022",
          "ref": "Nadort, E., Schouten, R. W., Boeschoten, R. E., Smets, Y., Chandie Shaw, P., Vleming, L. J., . . . Siegert, C. E. H. (2022). Internet-based treatment for depressive symptoms in hemodialysis patients: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 75, 46-53. doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2022.01.008"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakagawa, 2017",
          "ref": "Nakagawa, A., Mitsuda, D., Sado, M., Abe, T., Fujisawa, D., Kikuchi, T., . . . Ono, Y. (2017). Effectiveness of supplementary cognitive-behavioral therapy for pharmacotherapy-resistant depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of clinical psychiatry, 78(8), 1126-1135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nakao, 2018",
          "ref": "Nakao, S., Nakagawa, A., Oguchi, Y., Mitsuda, D., Kato, N., Nakagawa, Y., Tamura, N., Kudo, Y., Abe, T., Hiyama, M., Iwashita, S., Ono, Y., & Mimura, M. Web-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Blended With Face-to-Face Sessions for Major Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 20(9), e10743."
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2013",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Mackenzie A, Williams AD, McIntyre K, Watts S, Wong N. Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care [Wellbeing 6]. Psychological Medicine [Internet]. 2013; 43(12):[2635-48 pp.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-01038626/frame.html"
        },
        {
          "study": "Newby, 2014",
          "ref": "Newby JM, Lang T, Werner-Seidler A, Holmes E, Moulds ML. Alleviating distressing intrusive memories in depression: A comparison between computerised cognitive bias modification and cognitive behavioural education. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2014;56:60-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Niedermoser, 2020",
          "ref": "Niedermoser DW, Kalak N, Kiyhankhadiv A, et al. Workplace-Related Interpersonal Group Psychotherapy to Improve Life at Work in Individuals With Major Depressive Disorders: a Randomized Interventional Pilot Study. Frontiers in psychiatry. 2020;11."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nissen, 2020",
          "ref": "Nissen ER, O'Connor M, Kaldo V, Højris I, Borre M, Zachariae R, et al. Internet-delivered mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for anxiety and depression in cancer survivors: A randomized controlled trial. Psycho-oncology. 2020;29(1):68-75."
        },
        {
          "study": "O'Mahen, 2013a",
          "ref": "O'Mahen H, Himle JA, Fedock G, Henshaw E, Flynn H. A pilot randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for perinatal depression adapted for women with low incomes. Depression and anxiety. 2013;30(7):679-87."
        },
        {
          "study": "Olukolade, 2017",
          "ref": "Olukolade, O., & Osinowo, H. (2017). Efficacy of Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapy on Poststroke Depression among Survivors of First Stroke Attack in Ibadan, Nigeria. Behavioural Neurology, 2017"
        },
        {
          "study": "Onuigbo, 2019",
          "ref": "Onuigbo, L. N., Eseadi, C., Ebifa, S., Ugwu, U. C., Onyishi, C. N., & Oyeoku, E. K. (2019). Effect of rational emotive behavior therapy program on depressive symptoms among university students with blindness in Nigeria. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 37(1), 17-38. doi:10.1007/s10942-018-0297-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Otu, 2023",
          "ref": "Otu MS, Ebizie EN, Otu FM, Eseadi C. Efficacy of a counselling video blog intervention from YouTube on depression reduction among primary school teachers. Psychological Studies. 2023;68(3):335-41."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pardini, 2014 (study 2)",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Patel, 2017",
          "ref": "Patel, V., Weobong, B., Weiss, H., Anand, A., Bhat, B., Katti, B., . . . Fairburn, C. (2017). The Healthy Activity Program (HAP), a lay counsellor-delivered brief psychological treatment for severe depression, in primary care in India: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (london, england), 389(10065), 176-185."
        },
        {
          "study": "Perini, 2009",
          "ref": "Perini S, Titov N, Andrews G. Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for depression: Randomized controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;43(6):571-8."
        },
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          "study": "Peris-Baquero, 2023",
          "ref": "Peris-Baquero, O., & Osma, J. (2023). Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Group Format in Spain: Results of a Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial at 15 Months after Treatment Onset. Depression and Anxiety, 2023."
        },
        {
          "study": "Piers, 2023",
          "ref": "Piers, R. J., Farchione, T. J., Wong, B., Rosellini, A. J., & Cronin-Golomb, A. (2023). Telehealth Transdiagnostic Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression in Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Movement Disorders Clinical Practice, 10(1), 79-85. doi:10.1002/mdc3.13587"
        },
        {
          "study": "Preschl, 2012",
          "ref": "Preschl B, Maercker A, Wagner B, Forstmeier S, Banos RM, Alcaniz M, et al. Life-review therapy with computer supplements for depression in the elderly: A randomized controlled trial. Aging and Mental Health. 2012;16(8):964-74."
        },
        {
          "study": "Psarraki, 2021",
          "ref": "Psarraki, E. E., Bacopoulou, F., Panagoulias, E., Michou, M., Pelekasis, P., Artemiadis, A., . . . Darviri, C. (2021). The effects of Pythagorean Self-Awareness Intervention on patients with major depressive disorder: A pilot randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res, 138, 326-334. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.067"
        },
        {
          "study": "Raji, 2022",
          "ref": "Raji Lahiji, M., Sajadian, A., Haghighat, S., Zarrati, M., Dareini, H., Raji Lahiji, M., & Razmpoosh, E. (2022). Effectiveness of logotherapy and nutrition counseling on psychological status, quality of life, and dietary intake among breast cancer survivors with depressive disorder: a randomized clinical trial. Supportive Care in Cancer. doi:10.1007/s00520-022-07237-6"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ransom, 2008",
          "ref": "Ransom D, Heckman TG, Anderson T, Garske J, Holroyd K, Basta T. Telephone-delivered, interpersonal psychotherapy for HIV-infected rural persons with depression: A pilot trial. Psychiatric Services. 2008;59(8):871-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Raya-Tena, 2021",
          "ref": "Raya-Tena, A., Fernández-San-Martin, M. I., Martin-Royo, J., Casañas, R., Sauch-Valmaña, G., Cols-Sagarra, C., . . . Jiménez-Herrera, M. F. (2021). Effectiveness of a Psychoeducational Group Intervention Carried Out by Nurses for Patients with Depression and Physical Comorbidity in Primary Care: Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(6). doi:10.3390/ijerph18062948"
        },
        {
          "study": "Riccardi, 2017",
          "ref": "Riccardi, C. J., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy: A randomized study of a brief individual transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord, 46, 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.004"
        },
        {
          "study": "Richards, 2012",
          "ref": "Richards, D., Timulak, L., & Hevey, D. (2013). A comparison of two online cognitive-behavioural interventions for symptoms of depression in a student population: The role of therapist responsiveness. Counselling & Psychotherapy Research, 13(3), 184-193. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2013-30909-004&site=ehost-live ORCID: 0000-0003-2844-0449 ORCID: 0000-0003-2785-0753 ORCID: 0000-0003-0871-4078 derek.richards@tcd.ie"
        },
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          "study": "Richards, 2015",
          "ref": "Richards D, Timulak L, O'Brien E, Hayes C, Vigano N, Sharry J, et al. A randomized controlled trial of an internet-delivered treatment: Its potential as a low-intensity community intervention for adults with symptoms of depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2015;75:20-31."
        },
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          "study": "Richards, 2018",
          "ref": "Richards SH, Dickens C, Anderson R, et al. Assessing the effectiveness of Enhanced Psychological Care for patients with depressive symptoms attending cardiac rehabilitation compared with treatment as usual (CADENCE): a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial. Trials 2018; 19(1)."
        },
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          "study": "Rief, 2018",
          "ref": "Rief W, Bleichhardt G, Dannehl K, Euteneuer F, Wambach K. Comparing the Efficacy of CBASP with Two Versions of CBT for Depression in a Routine Care Center: a Randomized Clinical Trial. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics 2018;"
        },
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          "study": "Ritvo, 2021",
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        },
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          "ref": "Rogiers, R., Baeken, C., Van den Abbeele, D., Watkins, E. R., Remue, J., Colman, R., . . . Lemmens, G. M. D. (2022). Group intervention ‘Drop It!’ decreases repetitive negative thinking in major depressive disorder and/or generalized anxiety disorder: A randomised controlled study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 46(1), 182-196. doi:10.1007/s10608-021-10240-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rohan, 2007",
          "ref": "Rohan KJ, Roecklein KA, Lindsey KT, Johnson LG, Lippy RD, Lacy TJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, and their combination for seasonal affective disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2007;75(3):489-500."
        },
        {
          "study": "Russell, 2020",
          "ref": "Russell, A., Gaunt, D. M., Cooper, K., Barton, S., Horwood, J., Kessler, D., . . . et al. (2019). The feasibility of low-intensity psychological therapy for depression co-occurring with autism in adults: the Autism Depression Trial (ADEPT) – a pilot randomised controlled trial. Autism. doi:10.1177/1362361319889272"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sandoval, 2017",
          "ref": "Sandoval, L., Buckey, J., Ainslie, R., Tombari, M., Stone, W., & Hegel, M. (2017). Randomized Controlled Trial of a Computerized Interactive Media-Based Problem Solving Treatment for Depression. Behavior Therapy, 48(3), 413-425."
        },
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          "study": "Savari, 2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Schmidt, 2012",
          "ref": "Schmidt, N. B., Buckner, J. D., Pusser, A., Woolaway-Bickel, K., Preston, J. L., & Norr, A. (2012). Randomized controlled trial of false safety behavior elimination therapy: a unified cognitive behavioral treatment for anxiety psychopathology. Behav Ther, 43(3), 518-532. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2012.02.006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Serfaty, 2009",
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        },
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          "study": "Serfaty, 2020",
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        },
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          "study": "Sohanpal, 2024",
          "ref": "Sohanpal, R., Pinnock, H., Steed, L., Heslop-Marshall, K., Kelly, M. J., Chan, C., ... & Taylor, S. J. (2024). A tailored psychological intervention for anxiety and depression management in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: TANDEM RCT and process evaluation."
        },
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          "study": "Spek, 2007",
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Strauss, 2012",
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Talbot, 2011",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Titov, 2010",
          "ref": "Titov, N., et al. (2010). \"Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial.\" Behav Res Ther 48(9): 890-899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tovote, 2014",
          "ref": "Tovote KA, Fleer J, Snippe E, Peeters A, Emmelkamp PMG, Sanderman R, et al. Individual mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for treating depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2014;37(9):2427-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tulbure, 2018",
          "ref": "Tulbure BT, Andersson G, Salagean N, Pearce M, Koenig HG. Religious versus Conventional Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. J Relig Health 2018; 57(5): 1634-48."
        },
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          "study": "Turner, 2013",
          "ref": "Turner A, Hambridge J, Baker A, Bowman J, McElduff P. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behaviour therapy versus brief intervention for depression in cardiac patients. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2013;47(3):235-43."
        },
        {
          "study": "Victor-Aigbodion, 2023",
          "ref": "Victor-Aigbodion, V., Eseadi, C., Ardi, Z., Sewagegn, A. A., Ololo, K., Abonor, L. B., . . . Effanga, O. A. (2023). Effectiveness of rational emotive behavior therapy in reducing depression among undergraduate medical students. Medicine (Baltimore), 102(4), e32724. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000032724"
        },
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          "study": "Vollestad, 2011",
          "ref": "Vollestad, J., Sivertsen, B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for patients with anxiety disorders: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 49(4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.007"
        },
        {
          "study": "Watkins, 2012",
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        },
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          "study": "Williams, 2013",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Zagorscak, 2018",
          "ref": "Zagorscak P, Heinrich M, Sommer D, Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C. Benefits of Individualized Feedback in Internet-Based Interventions for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2018;87(1):32-45. doi: 10.1159/000481515. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306945."
        },
        {
          "study": "Zemestani, 2016",
          "ref": "Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health. 2016;25(6):479-85."
        },
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          "study": "Zemestani, 2020b",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Zhao, 2022",
          "ref": "Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an internet‐based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(7), 1354-1375. doi:10.1002/jclp.23329."
        },
        {
          "study": "de Graaf, 2009",
          "ref": "de Graaf LE, Gerhards SA, Arntz A, Riper H, Metsemakers JF, Evers SM, et al. Clinical effectiveness of online computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(1):73-80."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 213,
      "instr": "BPRS negative",
      "full": "Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (negative)",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 8,
      "k_es": 10,
      "sd": 2.385,
      "lo": 1.643,
      "hi": 3.461,
      "tau2": 0.2712,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 0.805,
      "phi": 7.068,
      "i2": 96.7,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Horan,2018",
          "ref": "Horan, W. P., Dolinsky, M., Lee, J., Kern, R. S., Hellemann, G., Sugar, C. A., Glynn, S. M., & Green, M. F. (2018). Social Cognitive Skills Training for Psychosis With Community-Based Training Exercises: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Schizophr Bull, 44(6), 1254-1266. https://doi.org/doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Khazaal,2015",
          "ref": "Khazaal, Y., Chatton, A., Dieben, K., Huguelet, P., Boucherie, M., Monney, G., ... & Favrod, J. (2015). Reducing delusional conviction through a cognitive-based group training game: a multicentre randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in psychiatry, 6, 66."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lopez-Leungo,2016",
          "ref": "Lopez-Luengo, B., & Muela-Martinez, J. A. (2016). Preliminary study of a rehabilitation program based on attentional processes to treat auditory hallucinations. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 21(4), 315-334. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mazza,2010",
          "ref": "Mazza, M., Lucci, G., Pacitti, F., Pino, M. C., Mariano, M., Casacchia, M., & Roncone, R. (2010). Could schizophrenic subjects improve their social cognition abilities only with observation and imitation of social situations? Neuropsychological rehabilitation, 20(5), 675-703. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Pino,2015",
          "ref": "Pino, M. C., Pettinelli, M., Clementi, D., Gianfelice, C., & Mazza, M. (2015). IMPROVEMENT IN COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE THEORY OF MIND WITH OBSERVATION AND IMITATION TREATMENT IN SUBJECTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA. Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 12(3)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Roncone,2004",
          "ref": "Roncone, R., Mazza, M., Frangou, I., De Risio, A., Ussorio, D., Tozzini, C., & Casacchia, M. (2004). Rehabilitation of theory of mind deficit in schizophrenia: a pilot study of metacognitive strategies in group treatment. Neuropsychological rehabilitation, 14(4), 421-435."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ruiz-Iriondo,2020",
          "ref": "Ruiz-Iriondo, M., Salaberría, K., Polo-López, R., Iruin, Á., & Echeburúa, E. (2020). Improving clinical symptoms, functioning, and quality of life in chronic schizophrenia with an integrated psychological therapy (IPT) plus emotional management training (EMT): A controlled clinical trial. Psychother Res, 30(8), 1026-1038. https://doi.org/doi:10.1080/10503307.2019.1683634 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Shin,2002",
          "ref": "Shin S-K, Lukens EP. Effects of psychoeducation for Korean Americans with chronic mental illness. Psychiatr Serv. 2002;53(9):1125–31."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 214,
      "instr": "BPRS negative",
      "full": "Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (negative)",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Three-level CHE model",
      "k": 8,
      "k_es": 10,
      "sd": 2.385,
      "lo": 1.521,
      "hi": 3.741,
      "tau2": 0.2712,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 0.805,
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      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        }
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        },
        {
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        {
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        {
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        {
          "study": "Aivalioti,2022",
          "ref": "Aivalioti, E. I., Simos, P., Basta, M., & Vgontzas, A. N. (2022). Brief Solution Focused Therapy on schizophrenia: A preliminary study of family characteristics and psychopathology. Psychiatrike = Psychiatriki. https://doi.org/doi:10.22365/jpsych.2022.085 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Awan,2017",
          "ref": "Awan, N. R., Jehangir, S. F., Irfan, M., Naeem, F., & Farooq, S. (2017). Explanatory model of illness of the patients with schizophrenia and the role of educational intervention. Schizophr Res, 190, 68-73. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.03.006 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bradley,2006",
          "ref": "Bradley GM, Couchman GM, Perlesz A, Nguyen AT, Singh B, Riess C. Multiple-family group treatment for families living with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2006;57(4):521–30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chan,2009",
          "ref": "Chan SW, Yip B, Tso S, Cheng B, Tam W. Evaluation of a psychoeducation program for Chinese clients with schizophrenia and their family caregivers. Patient Educ Couns. 2009;75:67–76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2013a",
          "ref": "Chien 2013a: Chien WT, Lee IYM. The mindfulness-based psychoeducation program for Chinese patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2013;64(4)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2013c",
          "ref": "Chien, W. T., & Leung, S. F. (2013). A controlled trial of a needs‐based, nurse‐led psychoeducation programme for C hinese patients with first‐onset mental disorders: 6 month follow up. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 19, 3-13. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2014",
          "ref": "Chien WT, Thompson DR. Effects of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation programme for Chinese patients with schizophrenia: 2-year follow-up. Br J Psychiatry. 2014;205:52–9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dickinson,2010",
          "ref": "Dickinson D, Ph D, Tenhula W, Ph D, Morris S, Ph D, et al. A randomized , controlled trial of computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:170–80."
        },
        {
          "study": "England,2007",
          "ref": "England M. Efficacy of cognitive nursing intervention for voice hearing. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2007;43(2):69–76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Garcia,2003",
          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gaudiano,2023",
          "ref": "Gaudiano, B. A., Ellenberg, S., Johnson, J. E., Mueser, K. T., & Miller, I. W. (2023). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for inpatients with psychosis: Implementation feasibility and acceptability from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Schizophrenia Research, 261, 72-79. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.017"
        },
        {
          "study": "Haddock,1999",
          "ref": "Haddock G, Tarrier N, Morrison AP, Hopkins R, Drake R, Lewis S. A pilot study evaluating the effectiveness of individual inpatient cognitive-behavioural therapy in early psychosis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1999;34:254–8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes,1995",
          "ref": "Hayes RL, Halford WK, Varghese FT. Social skills training with chronic schizophrenic patients: Effects on _negative symptoms and community functioning. Behav Ther. 1995;26:433–49."
        },
        {
          "study": "Horan,2018",
          "ref": "Horan, W. P., Dolinsky, M., Lee, J., Kern, R. S., Hellemann, G., Sugar, C. A., Glynn, S. M., & Green, M. F. (2018). Social Cognitive Skills Training for Psychosis With Community-Based Training Exercises: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Schizophr Bull, 44(6), 1254-1266. https://doi.org/doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Iuso,2023",
          "ref": "Iuso, S., Severo, M., Trotta, N., Ventriglio, A., Fiore, P., Bellomo, A., & Petito, A. (2023). Improvements in Treatment Adherence after Family Psychoeducation in Patients Affected by Psychosis: Preliminary Findings. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 13(10). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/jpm13101437"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jovanović,2022",
          "ref": "Jovanović, N., Russo, M., Pemovska, T., Francis, J. J., Arenliu, A., Bajraktarov, S., Džubur Kulenović, A., Injac Stevović, L., Novotni, A., Andrić Petrović, S., Radojičić, T., Ribić, E., Konjufca, J., & Marić, N. P. (2022). Improving treatment of patients with psychosis in low-and-middle-income countries in Southeast Europe: Results from a hybrid effectiveness-implementation, pragmatic, cluster-randomized clinical trial (IMPULSE). Eur Psychiatry, 65(1), e50. https://doi.org/doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2302 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kuipers,1997",
          "ref": "Kuipers E, Garety PA, Fowler D, Dunn G, Bebbington P, Freeman D, et al. London-East Anglia randomised controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for psychosis. Br J Psychiatry. 1997;171:319–27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Li,2018",
          "ref": "Li, J., Huang, Y. G., Ran, M. S., Fan, Y., Chen, W., Evans-Lacko, S., & Thornicroft, G. (2018). Community-based comprehensive intervention for people with schizophrenia in Guangzhou, China: Effects on clinical symptoms, social functioning, internalized stigma and discrimination. Asian J Psychiatr, 34, 21-30. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2018.04.017 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Lopez-Luengo,2016",
          "ref": "Lopez-Luengo, B., & Muela-Martinez, J. A. (2016). Preliminary study of a rehabilitation program based on attentional processes to treat auditory hallucinations. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 21(4), 315-334. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Marchira,2019",
          "ref": "Marchira, C. R., Supriyanto, I., Sub, i, S., Good, M. J. D., & Good, B. J. (2019). Brief interactive psychoeducation for caregivers of patients with early phase psychosis in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 13(3), 469-476. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/eip.12506 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mazza,2010",
          "ref": "Mazza, M., Lucci, G., Pacitti, F., Pino, M. C., Mariano, M., Casacchia, M., & Roncone, R. (2010). Could schizophrenic subjects improve their social cognition abilities only with observation and imitation of social situations? Neuropsychological rehabilitation, 20(5), 675-703. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ng,2006",
          "ref": "Ng RMK, Cheung MSL. Social skills training in Hong Kong Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia. Hong Kong J Pscyhiatry. 2006;16(1):14–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pinto,1999",
          "ref": "Pinto, A., Pia, S. L., Mennella, R., Giorgio, D., & DeSimone, L. (1999). Rehab rounds: cognitive-behavioral therapy and clozapine for clients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services, 50(7), 901-904. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ruiz-Iriondo,2020",
          "ref": "Ruiz-Iriondo, M., Salaberría, K., Polo-López, R., Iruin, Á., & Echeburúa, E. (2020). Improving clinical symptoms, functioning, and quality of life in chronic schizophrenia with an integrated psychological therapy (IPT) plus emotional management training (EMT): A controlled clinical trial. Psychother Res, 30(8), 1026-1038. https://doi.org/doi:10.1080/10503307.2019.1683634 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaub,2016",
          "ref": "Schaub A, Mueser KT, Werder T Von, Engel R, Möller H, Falkai P. A randomized controlled trial of group coping-oriented therapy vs supportive therapy in schizophrenia : Results of a 2- Year Follow-up. Schizophr Bull. 2016;42(1):s71-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shin,2002",
          "ref": "Shin S-K, Lukens EP. Effects of psychoeducation for Korean Americans with chronic mental illness. Psychiatr Serv. 2002;53(9):1125–31."
        },
        {
          "study": "Startup,2004",
          "ref": "Startup M, Jackson MC, Bendix S. North Wales randomized controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy for acute schizophrenia spectrum disorders : outcomes at 6 and 12 months. Psychol Med. 2004;34:413–22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Velligan,2015",
          "ref": "Velligan DI, Tai S, Roberts DL, Maples-Aguilar N, Brown M, Mintz J, et al. A randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive behavior therapy , cognitive adaptation training , their combination and treatment as usual in chronic schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2015;41(3):597–603."
        },
        {
          "study": "Weisman de Mamani,2014",
          "ref": "Weisman de Mamani, A., Weintraub, M. J., Gurak, K., & Maura, J. (2014). A randomized clinical trial to test the efficacy of a family-focused, culturally informed therapy for schizophrenia. Journal of Family Psychology, 28(6), 800. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wykes,1999",
          "ref": "Wykes T, Reeder C, Corner J, Wuliams C, Everitt B. The effects of neurocognitive remediation on executive processing in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1999;25(2):291–308."
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        },
        {
          "study": "Awan,2017",
          "ref": "Awan, N. R., Jehangir, S. F., Irfan, M., Naeem, F., & Farooq, S. (2017). Explanatory model of illness of the patients with schizophrenia and the role of educational intervention. Schizophr Res, 190, 68-73. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.03.006 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bradley,2006",
          "ref": "Bradley GM, Couchman GM, Perlesz A, Nguyen AT, Singh B, Riess C. Multiple-family group treatment for families living with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2006;57(4):521–30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chan,2009",
          "ref": "Chan SW, Yip B, Tso S, Cheng B, Tam W. Evaluation of a psychoeducation program for Chinese clients with schizophrenia and their family caregivers. Patient Educ Couns. 2009;75:67–76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2013a",
          "ref": "Chien 2013a: Chien WT, Lee IYM. The mindfulness-based psychoeducation program for Chinese patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2013;64(4)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2013c",
          "ref": "Chien, W. T., & Leung, S. F. (2013). A controlled trial of a needs‐based, nurse‐led psychoeducation programme for C hinese patients with first‐onset mental disorders: 6 month follow up. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 19, 3-13. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2014",
          "ref": "Chien WT, Thompson DR. Effects of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation programme for Chinese patients with schizophrenia: 2-year follow-up. Br J Psychiatry. 2014;205:52–9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dickinson,2010",
          "ref": "Dickinson D, Ph D, Tenhula W, Ph D, Morris S, Ph D, et al. A randomized , controlled trial of computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:170–80."
        },
        {
          "study": "England,2007",
          "ref": "England M. Efficacy of cognitive nursing intervention for voice hearing. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2007;43(2):69–76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Garcia,2003",
          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gaudiano,2023",
          "ref": "Gaudiano, B. A., Ellenberg, S., Johnson, J. E., Mueser, K. T., & Miller, I. W. (2023). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for inpatients with psychosis: Implementation feasibility and acceptability from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Schizophrenia Research, 261, 72-79. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.017"
        },
        {
          "study": "Haddock,1999",
          "ref": "Haddock G, Tarrier N, Morrison AP, Hopkins R, Drake R, Lewis S. A pilot study evaluating the effectiveness of individual inpatient cognitive-behavioural therapy in early psychosis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1999;34:254–8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes,1995",
          "ref": "Hayes RL, Halford WK, Varghese FT. Social skills training with chronic schizophrenic patients: Effects on _negative symptoms and community functioning. Behav Ther. 1995;26:433–49."
        },
        {
          "study": "Horan,2018",
          "ref": "Horan, W. P., Dolinsky, M., Lee, J., Kern, R. S., Hellemann, G., Sugar, C. A., Glynn, S. M., & Green, M. F. (2018). Social Cognitive Skills Training for Psychosis With Community-Based Training Exercises: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Schizophr Bull, 44(6), 1254-1266. https://doi.org/doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Iuso,2023",
          "ref": "Iuso, S., Severo, M., Trotta, N., Ventriglio, A., Fiore, P., Bellomo, A., & Petito, A. (2023). Improvements in Treatment Adherence after Family Psychoeducation in Patients Affected by Psychosis: Preliminary Findings. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 13(10). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/jpm13101437"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jovanović,2022",
          "ref": "Jovanović, N., Russo, M., Pemovska, T., Francis, J. J., Arenliu, A., Bajraktarov, S., Džubur Kulenović, A., Injac Stevović, L., Novotni, A., Andrić Petrović, S., Radojičić, T., Ribić, E., Konjufca, J., & Marić, N. P. (2022). Improving treatment of patients with psychosis in low-and-middle-income countries in Southeast Europe: Results from a hybrid effectiveness-implementation, pragmatic, cluster-randomized clinical trial (IMPULSE). Eur Psychiatry, 65(1), e50. https://doi.org/doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2302 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kuipers,1997",
          "ref": "Kuipers E, Garety PA, Fowler D, Dunn G, Bebbington P, Freeman D, et al. London-East Anglia randomised controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for psychosis. Br J Psychiatry. 1997;171:319–27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Li,2018",
          "ref": "Li, J., Huang, Y. G., Ran, M. S., Fan, Y., Chen, W., Evans-Lacko, S., & Thornicroft, G. (2018). Community-based comprehensive intervention for people with schizophrenia in Guangzhou, China: Effects on clinical symptoms, social functioning, internalized stigma and discrimination. Asian J Psychiatr, 34, 21-30. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2018.04.017 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Lopez-Luengo,2016",
          "ref": "Lopez-Luengo, B., & Muela-Martinez, J. A. (2016). Preliminary study of a rehabilitation program based on attentional processes to treat auditory hallucinations. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 21(4), 315-334. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Marchira,2019",
          "ref": "Marchira, C. R., Supriyanto, I., Sub, i, S., Good, M. J. D., & Good, B. J. (2019). Brief interactive psychoeducation for caregivers of patients with early phase psychosis in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 13(3), 469-476. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/eip.12506 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mazza,2010",
          "ref": "Mazza, M., Lucci, G., Pacitti, F., Pino, M. C., Mariano, M., Casacchia, M., & Roncone, R. (2010). Could schizophrenic subjects improve their social cognition abilities only with observation and imitation of social situations? Neuropsychological rehabilitation, 20(5), 675-703. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ng,2006",
          "ref": "Ng RMK, Cheung MSL. Social skills training in Hong Kong Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia. Hong Kong J Pscyhiatry. 2006;16(1):14–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pinto,1999",
          "ref": "Pinto, A., Pia, S. L., Mennella, R., Giorgio, D., & DeSimone, L. (1999). Rehab rounds: cognitive-behavioral therapy and clozapine for clients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services, 50(7), 901-904. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ruiz-Iriondo,2020",
          "ref": "Ruiz-Iriondo, M., Salaberría, K., Polo-López, R., Iruin, Á., & Echeburúa, E. (2020). Improving clinical symptoms, functioning, and quality of life in chronic schizophrenia with an integrated psychological therapy (IPT) plus emotional management training (EMT): A controlled clinical trial. Psychother Res, 30(8), 1026-1038. https://doi.org/doi:10.1080/10503307.2019.1683634 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaub,2016",
          "ref": "Schaub A, Mueser KT, Werder T Von, Engel R, Möller H, Falkai P. A randomized controlled trial of group coping-oriented therapy vs supportive therapy in schizophrenia : Results of a 2- Year Follow-up. Schizophr Bull. 2016;42(1):s71-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shin,2002",
          "ref": "Shin S-K, Lukens EP. Effects of psychoeducation for Korean Americans with chronic mental illness. Psychiatr Serv. 2002;53(9):1125–31."
        },
        {
          "study": "Startup,2004",
          "ref": "Startup M, Jackson MC, Bendix S. North Wales randomized controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy for acute schizophrenia spectrum disorders : outcomes at 6 and 12 months. Psychol Med. 2004;34:413–22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Velligan,2015",
          "ref": "Velligan DI, Tai S, Roberts DL, Maples-Aguilar N, Brown M, Mintz J, et al. A randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive behavior therapy , cognitive adaptation training , their combination and treatment as usual in chronic schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2015;41(3):597–603."
        },
        {
          "study": "Weisman de Mamani,2014",
          "ref": "Weisman de Mamani, A., Weintraub, M. J., Gurak, K., & Maura, J. (2014). A randomized clinical trial to test the efficacy of a family-focused, culturally informed therapy for schizophrenia. Journal of Family Psychology, 28(6), 800. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wykes,1999",
          "ref": "Wykes T, Reeder C, Corner J, Wuliams C, Everitt B. The effects of neurocognitive remediation on executive processing in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1999;25(2):291–308."
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        {
          "study": "Aivalioti,2022",
          "ref": "Aivalioti, E. I., Simos, P., Basta, M., & Vgontzas, A. N. (2022). Brief Solution Focused Therapy on schizophrenia: A preliminary study of family characteristics and psychopathology. Psychiatrike = Psychiatriki. https://doi.org/doi:10.22365/jpsych.2022.085 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Awan,2017",
          "ref": "Awan, N. R., Jehangir, S. F., Irfan, M., Naeem, F., & Farooq, S. (2017). Explanatory model of illness of the patients with schizophrenia and the role of educational intervention. Schizophr Res, 190, 68-73. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.03.006 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bradley,2006",
          "ref": "Bradley GM, Couchman GM, Perlesz A, Nguyen AT, Singh B, Riess C. Multiple-family group treatment for families living with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2006;57(4):521–30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chan,2009",
          "ref": "Chan SW, Yip B, Tso S, Cheng B, Tam W. Evaluation of a psychoeducation program for Chinese clients with schizophrenia and their family caregivers. Patient Educ Couns. 2009;75:67–76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2013a",
          "ref": "Chien 2013a: Chien WT, Lee IYM. The mindfulness-based psychoeducation program for Chinese patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2013;64(4)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2013c",
          "ref": "Chien, W. T., & Leung, S. F. (2013). A controlled trial of a needs‐based, nurse‐led psychoeducation programme for C hinese patients with first‐onset mental disorders: 6 month follow up. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 19, 3-13. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2014",
          "ref": "Chien WT, Thompson DR. Effects of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation programme for Chinese patients with schizophrenia: 2-year follow-up. Br J Psychiatry. 2014;205:52–9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dickinson,2010",
          "ref": "Dickinson D, Ph D, Tenhula W, Ph D, Morris S, Ph D, et al. A randomized , controlled trial of computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:170–80."
        },
        {
          "study": "England,2007",
          "ref": "England M. Efficacy of cognitive nursing intervention for voice hearing. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2007;43(2):69–76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Garcia,2003",
          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gaudiano,2023",
          "ref": "Gaudiano, B. A., Ellenberg, S., Johnson, J. E., Mueser, K. T., & Miller, I. W. (2023). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for inpatients with psychosis: Implementation feasibility and acceptability from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Schizophrenia Research, 261, 72-79. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.017"
        },
        {
          "study": "Haddock,1999",
          "ref": "Haddock G, Tarrier N, Morrison AP, Hopkins R, Drake R, Lewis S. A pilot study evaluating the effectiveness of individual inpatient cognitive-behavioural therapy in early psychosis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1999;34:254–8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes,1995",
          "ref": "Hayes RL, Halford WK, Varghese FT. Social skills training with chronic schizophrenic patients: Effects on _negative symptoms and community functioning. Behav Ther. 1995;26:433–49."
        },
        {
          "study": "Horan,2018",
          "ref": "Horan, W. P., Dolinsky, M., Lee, J., Kern, R. S., Hellemann, G., Sugar, C. A., Glynn, S. M., & Green, M. F. (2018). Social Cognitive Skills Training for Psychosis With Community-Based Training Exercises: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Schizophr Bull, 44(6), 1254-1266. https://doi.org/doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Iuso,2023",
          "ref": "Iuso, S., Severo, M., Trotta, N., Ventriglio, A., Fiore, P., Bellomo, A., & Petito, A. (2023). Improvements in Treatment Adherence after Family Psychoeducation in Patients Affected by Psychosis: Preliminary Findings. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 13(10). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/jpm13101437"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jovanović,2022",
          "ref": "Jovanović, N., Russo, M., Pemovska, T., Francis, J. J., Arenliu, A., Bajraktarov, S., Džubur Kulenović, A., Injac Stevović, L., Novotni, A., Andrić Petrović, S., Radojičić, T., Ribić, E., Konjufca, J., & Marić, N. P. (2022). Improving treatment of patients with psychosis in low-and-middle-income countries in Southeast Europe: Results from a hybrid effectiveness-implementation, pragmatic, cluster-randomized clinical trial (IMPULSE). Eur Psychiatry, 65(1), e50. https://doi.org/doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2302 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kuipers,1997",
          "ref": "Kuipers E, Garety PA, Fowler D, Dunn G, Bebbington P, Freeman D, et al. London-East Anglia randomised controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for psychosis. Br J Psychiatry. 1997;171:319–27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Li,2018",
          "ref": "Li, J., Huang, Y. G., Ran, M. S., Fan, Y., Chen, W., Evans-Lacko, S., & Thornicroft, G. (2018). Community-based comprehensive intervention for people with schizophrenia in Guangzhou, China: Effects on clinical symptoms, social functioning, internalized stigma and discrimination. Asian J Psychiatr, 34, 21-30. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2018.04.017 "
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          "ref": "Lopez-Luengo, B., & Muela-Martinez, J. A. (2016). Preliminary study of a rehabilitation program based on attentional processes to treat auditory hallucinations. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 21(4), 315-334. "
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          "ref": "Marchira, C. R., Supriyanto, I., Sub, i, S., Good, M. J. D., & Good, B. J. (2019). Brief interactive psychoeducation for caregivers of patients with early phase psychosis in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 13(3), 469-476. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/eip.12506 "
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          "ref": "Mazza, M., Lucci, G., Pacitti, F., Pino, M. C., Mariano, M., Casacchia, M., & Roncone, R. (2010). Could schizophrenic subjects improve their social cognition abilities only with observation and imitation of social situations? Neuropsychological rehabilitation, 20(5), 675-703. "
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          "study": "Ng,2006",
          "ref": "Ng RMK, Cheung MSL. Social skills training in Hong Kong Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia. Hong Kong J Pscyhiatry. 2006;16(1):14–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pinto,1999",
          "ref": "Pinto, A., Pia, S. L., Mennella, R., Giorgio, D., & DeSimone, L. (1999). Rehab rounds: cognitive-behavioral therapy and clozapine for clients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services, 50(7), 901-904. "
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          "study": "Ruiz-Iriondo,2020",
          "ref": "Ruiz-Iriondo, M., Salaberría, K., Polo-López, R., Iruin, Á., & Echeburúa, E. (2020). Improving clinical symptoms, functioning, and quality of life in chronic schizophrenia with an integrated psychological therapy (IPT) plus emotional management training (EMT): A controlled clinical trial. Psychother Res, 30(8), 1026-1038. https://doi.org/doi:10.1080/10503307.2019.1683634 "
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          "ref": "Schaub A, Mueser KT, Werder T Von, Engel R, Möller H, Falkai P. A randomized controlled trial of group coping-oriented therapy vs supportive therapy in schizophrenia : Results of a 2- Year Follow-up. Schizophr Bull. 2016;42(1):s71-80."
        },
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          "ref": "Shin S-K, Lukens EP. Effects of psychoeducation for Korean Americans with chronic mental illness. Psychiatr Serv. 2002;53(9):1125–31."
        },
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          "ref": "Startup M, Jackson MC, Bendix S. North Wales randomized controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy for acute schizophrenia spectrum disorders : outcomes at 6 and 12 months. Psychol Med. 2004;34:413–22."
        },
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          "study": "Velligan,2015",
          "ref": "Velligan DI, Tai S, Roberts DL, Maples-Aguilar N, Brown M, Mintz J, et al. A randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive behavior therapy , cognitive adaptation training , their combination and treatment as usual in chronic schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2015;41(3):597–603."
        },
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          "ref": "Weisman de Mamani, A., Weintraub, M. J., Gurak, K., & Maura, J. (2014). A randomized clinical trial to test the efficacy of a family-focused, culturally informed therapy for schizophrenia. Journal of Family Psychology, 28(6), 800. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wykes,1999",
          "ref": "Wykes T, Reeder C, Corner J, Wuliams C, Everitt B. The effects of neurocognitive remediation on executive processing in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1999;25(2):291–308."
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        {
          "study": "Aivalioti,2022",
          "ref": "Aivalioti, E. I., Simos, P., Basta, M., & Vgontzas, A. N. (2022). Brief Solution Focused Therapy on schizophrenia: A preliminary study of family characteristics and psychopathology. Psychiatrike = Psychiatriki. https://doi.org/doi:10.22365/jpsych.2022.085 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bradley,2006",
          "ref": "Bradley GM, Couchman GM, Perlesz A, Nguyen AT, Singh B, Riess C. Multiple-family group treatment for families living with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2006;57(4):521–30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chan,2009",
          "ref": "Chan SW, Yip B, Tso S, Cheng B, Tam W. Evaluation of a psychoeducation program for Chinese clients with schizophrenia and their family caregivers. Patient Educ Couns. 2009;75:67–76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2014",
          "ref": "Chien WT, Thompson DR. Effects of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation programme for Chinese patients with schizophrenia: 2-year follow-up. Br J Psychiatry. 2014;205:52–9."
        },
        {
          "study": "England,2007",
          "ref": "England M. Efficacy of cognitive nursing intervention for voice hearing. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2007;43(2):69–76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Garcia,2003",
          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gaudiano,2023",
          "ref": "Gaudiano, B. A., Ellenberg, S., Johnson, J. E., Mueser, K. T., & Miller, I. W. (2023). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for inpatients with psychosis: Implementation feasibility and acceptability from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Schizophrenia Research, 261, 72-79. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.017"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes,1995",
          "ref": "Hayes RL, Halford WK, Varghese FT. Social skills training with chronic schizophrenic patients: Effects on _negative symptoms and community functioning. Behav Ther. 1995;26:433–49."
        },
        {
          "study": "Horan,2018",
          "ref": "Horan, W. P., Dolinsky, M., Lee, J., Kern, R. S., Hellemann, G., Sugar, C. A., Glynn, S. M., & Green, M. F. (2018). Social Cognitive Skills Training for Psychosis With Community-Based Training Exercises: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Schizophr Bull, 44(6), 1254-1266. https://doi.org/doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kuipers,1997",
          "ref": "Kuipers E, Garety PA, Fowler D, Dunn G, Bebbington P, Freeman D, et al. London-East Anglia randomised controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for psychosis. Br J Psychiatry. 1997;171:319–27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Li,2018",
          "ref": "Li, J., Huang, Y. G., Ran, M. S., Fan, Y., Chen, W., Evans-Lacko, S., & Thornicroft, G. (2018). Community-based comprehensive intervention for people with schizophrenia in Guangzhou, China: Effects on clinical symptoms, social functioning, internalized stigma and discrimination. Asian J Psychiatr, 34, 21-30. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2018.04.017 "
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Lopez-Luengo, B., & Muela-Martinez, J. A. (2016). Preliminary study of a rehabilitation program based on attentional processes to treat auditory hallucinations. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 21(4), 315-334. "
        },
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          "study": "Ng,2006",
          "ref": "Ng RMK, Cheung MSL. Social skills training in Hong Kong Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia. Hong Kong J Pscyhiatry. 2006;16(1):14–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pinto,1999",
          "ref": "Pinto, A., Pia, S. L., Mennella, R., Giorgio, D., & DeSimone, L. (1999). Rehab rounds: cognitive-behavioral therapy and clozapine for clients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services, 50(7), 901-904. "
        },
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          "study": "Ruiz-Iriondo,2020",
          "ref": "Ruiz-Iriondo, M., Salaberría, K., Polo-López, R., Iruin, Á., & Echeburúa, E. (2020). Improving clinical symptoms, functioning, and quality of life in chronic schizophrenia with an integrated psychological therapy (IPT) plus emotional management training (EMT): A controlled clinical trial. Psychother Res, 30(8), 1026-1038. https://doi.org/doi:10.1080/10503307.2019.1683634 "
        },
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          "study": "Shin,2002",
          "ref": "Shin S-K, Lukens EP. Effects of psychoeducation for Korean Americans with chronic mental illness. Psychiatr Serv. 2002;53(9):1125–31."
        },
        {
          "study": "Startup,2004",
          "ref": "Startup M, Jackson MC, Bendix S. North Wales randomized controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy for acute schizophrenia spectrum disorders : outcomes at 6 and 12 months. Psychol Med. 2004;34:413–22."
        },
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        {
          "study": "Aivalioti,2022",
          "ref": "Aivalioti, E. I., Simos, P., Basta, M., & Vgontzas, A. N. (2022). Brief Solution Focused Therapy on schizophrenia: A preliminary study of family characteristics and psychopathology. Psychiatrike = Psychiatriki. https://doi.org/doi:10.22365/jpsych.2022.085 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Awan,2017",
          "ref": "Awan, N. R., Jehangir, S. F., Irfan, M., Naeem, F., & Farooq, S. (2017). Explanatory model of illness of the patients with schizophrenia and the role of educational intervention. Schizophr Res, 190, 68-73. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.03.006 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bradley,2006",
          "ref": "Bradley GM, Couchman GM, Perlesz A, Nguyen AT, Singh B, Riess C. Multiple-family group treatment for families living with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2006;57(4):521–30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chan,2009",
          "ref": "Chan SW, Yip B, Tso S, Cheng B, Tam W. Evaluation of a psychoeducation program for Chinese clients with schizophrenia and their family caregivers. Patient Educ Couns. 2009;75:67–76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2013a",
          "ref": "Chien 2013a: Chien WT, Lee IYM. The mindfulness-based psychoeducation program for Chinese patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2013;64(4)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2013c",
          "ref": "Chien, W. T., & Leung, S. F. (2013). A controlled trial of a needs‐based, nurse‐led psychoeducation programme for C hinese patients with first‐onset mental disorders: 6 month follow up. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 19, 3-13. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2014",
          "ref": "Chien WT, Thompson DR. Effects of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation programme for Chinese patients with schizophrenia: 2-year follow-up. Br J Psychiatry. 2014;205:52–9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dickinson,2010",
          "ref": "Dickinson D, Ph D, Tenhula W, Ph D, Morris S, Ph D, et al. A randomized , controlled trial of computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:170–80."
        },
        {
          "study": "England,2007",
          "ref": "England M. Efficacy of cognitive nursing intervention for voice hearing. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2007;43(2):69–76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Garcia,2003",
          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gaudiano,2023",
          "ref": "Gaudiano, B. A., Ellenberg, S., Johnson, J. E., Mueser, K. T., & Miller, I. W. (2023). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for inpatients with psychosis: Implementation feasibility and acceptability from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Schizophrenia Research, 261, 72-79. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.017"
        },
        {
          "study": "Haddock,1999",
          "ref": "Haddock G, Tarrier N, Morrison AP, Hopkins R, Drake R, Lewis S. A pilot study evaluating the effectiveness of individual inpatient cognitive-behavioural therapy in early psychosis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1999;34:254–8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes,1995",
          "ref": "Hayes RL, Halford WK, Varghese FT. Social skills training with chronic schizophrenic patients: Effects on _negative symptoms and community functioning. Behav Ther. 1995;26:433–49."
        },
        {
          "study": "Horan,2018",
          "ref": "Horan, W. P., Dolinsky, M., Lee, J., Kern, R. S., Hellemann, G., Sugar, C. A., Glynn, S. M., & Green, M. F. (2018). Social Cognitive Skills Training for Psychosis With Community-Based Training Exercises: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Schizophr Bull, 44(6), 1254-1266. https://doi.org/doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Iuso,2023",
          "ref": "Iuso, S., Severo, M., Trotta, N., Ventriglio, A., Fiore, P., Bellomo, A., & Petito, A. (2023). Improvements in Treatment Adherence after Family Psychoeducation in Patients Affected by Psychosis: Preliminary Findings. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 13(10). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/jpm13101437"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kuipers,1997",
          "ref": "Kuipers E, Garety PA, Fowler D, Dunn G, Bebbington P, Freeman D, et al. London-East Anglia randomised controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for psychosis. Br J Psychiatry. 1997;171:319–27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Li,2018",
          "ref": "Li, J., Huang, Y. G., Ran, M. S., Fan, Y., Chen, W., Evans-Lacko, S., & Thornicroft, G. (2018). Community-based comprehensive intervention for people with schizophrenia in Guangzhou, China: Effects on clinical symptoms, social functioning, internalized stigma and discrimination. Asian J Psychiatr, 34, 21-30. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2018.04.017 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Lopez-Luengo,2016",
          "ref": "Lopez-Luengo, B., & Muela-Martinez, J. A. (2016). Preliminary study of a rehabilitation program based on attentional processes to treat auditory hallucinations. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 21(4), 315-334. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Marchira,2019",
          "ref": "Marchira, C. R., Supriyanto, I., Sub, i, S., Good, M. J. D., & Good, B. J. (2019). Brief interactive psychoeducation for caregivers of patients with early phase psychosis in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 13(3), 469-476. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/eip.12506 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mazza,2010",
          "ref": "Mazza, M., Lucci, G., Pacitti, F., Pino, M. C., Mariano, M., Casacchia, M., & Roncone, R. (2010). Could schizophrenic subjects improve their social cognition abilities only with observation and imitation of social situations? Neuropsychological rehabilitation, 20(5), 675-703. "
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        {
          "study": "Ng,2006",
          "ref": "Ng RMK, Cheung MSL. Social skills training in Hong Kong Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia. Hong Kong J Pscyhiatry. 2006;16(1):14–20."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Pinto, A., Pia, S. L., Mennella, R., Giorgio, D., & DeSimone, L. (1999). Rehab rounds: cognitive-behavioral therapy and clozapine for clients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services, 50(7), 901-904. "
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          "ref": "Ruiz-Iriondo, M., Salaberría, K., Polo-López, R., Iruin, Á., & Echeburúa, E. (2020). Improving clinical symptoms, functioning, and quality of life in chronic schizophrenia with an integrated psychological therapy (IPT) plus emotional management training (EMT): A controlled clinical trial. Psychother Res, 30(8), 1026-1038. https://doi.org/doi:10.1080/10503307.2019.1683634 "
        },
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          "ref": "Schaub A, Mueser KT, Werder T Von, Engel R, Möller H, Falkai P. A randomized controlled trial of group coping-oriented therapy vs supportive therapy in schizophrenia : Results of a 2- Year Follow-up. Schizophr Bull. 2016;42(1):s71-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shin,2002",
          "ref": "Shin S-K, Lukens EP. Effects of psychoeducation for Korean Americans with chronic mental illness. Psychiatr Serv. 2002;53(9):1125–31."
        },
        {
          "study": "Startup,2004",
          "ref": "Startup M, Jackson MC, Bendix S. North Wales randomized controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy for acute schizophrenia spectrum disorders : outcomes at 6 and 12 months. Psychol Med. 2004;34:413–22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Velligan,2015",
          "ref": "Velligan DI, Tai S, Roberts DL, Maples-Aguilar N, Brown M, Mintz J, et al. A randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive behavior therapy , cognitive adaptation training , their combination and treatment as usual in chronic schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2015;41(3):597–603."
        },
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          "ref": "Weisman de Mamani, A., Weintraub, M. J., Gurak, K., & Maura, J. (2014). A randomized clinical trial to test the efficacy of a family-focused, culturally informed therapy for schizophrenia. Journal of Family Psychology, 28(6), 800. "
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          "study": "Wykes,1999",
          "ref": "Wykes T, Reeder C, Corner J, Wuliams C, Everitt B. The effects of neurocognitive remediation on executive processing in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1999;25(2):291–308."
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        {
          "study": "Aivalioti,2022",
          "ref": "Aivalioti, E. I., Simos, P., Basta, M., & Vgontzas, A. N. (2022). Brief Solution Focused Therapy on schizophrenia: A preliminary study of family characteristics and psychopathology. Psychiatrike = Psychiatriki. https://doi.org/doi:10.22365/jpsych.2022.085 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Awan,2017",
          "ref": "Awan, N. R., Jehangir, S. F., Irfan, M., Naeem, F., & Farooq, S. (2017). Explanatory model of illness of the patients with schizophrenia and the role of educational intervention. Schizophr Res, 190, 68-73. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.03.006 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bradley,2006",
          "ref": "Bradley GM, Couchman GM, Perlesz A, Nguyen AT, Singh B, Riess C. Multiple-family group treatment for families living with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2006;57(4):521–30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chan,2009",
          "ref": "Chan SW, Yip B, Tso S, Cheng B, Tam W. Evaluation of a psychoeducation program for Chinese clients with schizophrenia and their family caregivers. Patient Educ Couns. 2009;75:67–76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dickinson,2010",
          "ref": "Dickinson D, Ph D, Tenhula W, Ph D, Morris S, Ph D, et al. A randomized , controlled trial of computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:170–80."
        },
        {
          "study": "England,2007",
          "ref": "England M. Efficacy of cognitive nursing intervention for voice hearing. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2007;43(2):69–76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Garcia,2003",
          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gaudiano,2023",
          "ref": "Gaudiano, B. A., Ellenberg, S., Johnson, J. E., Mueser, K. T., & Miller, I. W. (2023). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for inpatients with psychosis: Implementation feasibility and acceptability from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Schizophrenia Research, 261, 72-79. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.017"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes,1995",
          "ref": "Hayes RL, Halford WK, Varghese FT. Social skills training with chronic schizophrenic patients: Effects on _negative symptoms and community functioning. Behav Ther. 1995;26:433–49."
        },
        {
          "study": "Horan,2018",
          "ref": "Horan, W. P., Dolinsky, M., Lee, J., Kern, R. S., Hellemann, G., Sugar, C. A., Glynn, S. M., & Green, M. F. (2018). Social Cognitive Skills Training for Psychosis With Community-Based Training Exercises: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Schizophr Bull, 44(6), 1254-1266. https://doi.org/doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Iuso,2023",
          "ref": "Iuso, S., Severo, M., Trotta, N., Ventriglio, A., Fiore, P., Bellomo, A., & Petito, A. (2023). Improvements in Treatment Adherence after Family Psychoeducation in Patients Affected by Psychosis: Preliminary Findings. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 13(10). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/jpm13101437"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jovanović,2022",
          "ref": "Jovanović, N., Russo, M., Pemovska, T., Francis, J. J., Arenliu, A., Bajraktarov, S., Džubur Kulenović, A., Injac Stevović, L., Novotni, A., Andrić Petrović, S., Radojičić, T., Ribić, E., Konjufca, J., & Marić, N. P. (2022). Improving treatment of patients with psychosis in low-and-middle-income countries in Southeast Europe: Results from a hybrid effectiveness-implementation, pragmatic, cluster-randomized clinical trial (IMPULSE). Eur Psychiatry, 65(1), e50. https://doi.org/doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2302 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kuipers,1997",
          "ref": "Kuipers E, Garety PA, Fowler D, Dunn G, Bebbington P, Freeman D, et al. London-East Anglia randomised controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for psychosis. Br J Psychiatry. 1997;171:319–27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Li,2018",
          "ref": "Li, J., Huang, Y. G., Ran, M. S., Fan, Y., Chen, W., Evans-Lacko, S., & Thornicroft, G. (2018). Community-based comprehensive intervention for people with schizophrenia in Guangzhou, China: Effects on clinical symptoms, social functioning, internalized stigma and discrimination. Asian J Psychiatr, 34, 21-30. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2018.04.017 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Lopez-Luengo,2016",
          "ref": "Lopez-Luengo, B., & Muela-Martinez, J. A. (2016). Preliminary study of a rehabilitation program based on attentional processes to treat auditory hallucinations. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 21(4), 315-334. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ng,2006",
          "ref": "Ng RMK, Cheung MSL. Social skills training in Hong Kong Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia. Hong Kong J Pscyhiatry. 2006;16(1):14–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pinto,1999",
          "ref": "Pinto, A., Pia, S. L., Mennella, R., Giorgio, D., & DeSimone, L. (1999). Rehab rounds: cognitive-behavioral therapy and clozapine for clients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services, 50(7), 901-904. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ruiz-Iriondo,2020",
          "ref": "Ruiz-Iriondo, M., Salaberría, K., Polo-López, R., Iruin, Á., & Echeburúa, E. (2020). Improving clinical symptoms, functioning, and quality of life in chronic schizophrenia with an integrated psychological therapy (IPT) plus emotional management training (EMT): A controlled clinical trial. Psychother Res, 30(8), 1026-1038. https://doi.org/doi:10.1080/10503307.2019.1683634 "
        },
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          "ref": "Chien WT, Thompson DR. Effects of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation programme for Chinese patients with schizophrenia: 2-year follow-up. Br J Psychiatry. 2014;205:52–9."
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          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
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          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
        },
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          "ref": "Gaudiano, B. A., Ellenberg, S., Johnson, J. E., Mueser, K. T., & Miller, I. W. (2023). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for inpatients with psychosis: Implementation feasibility and acceptability from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Schizophrenia Research, 261, 72-79. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.017"
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          "ref": "Lopez-Luengo, B., & Muela-Martinez, J. A. (2016). Preliminary study of a rehabilitation program based on attentional processes to treat auditory hallucinations. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 21(4), 315-334. "
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          "ref": "Chien, W. T., & Leung, S. F. (2013). A controlled trial of a needs‐based, nurse‐led psychoeducation programme for C hinese patients with first‐onset mental disorders: 6 month follow up. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 19, 3-13. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2014",
          "ref": "Chien WT, Thompson DR. Effects of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation programme for Chinese patients with schizophrenia: 2-year follow-up. Br J Psychiatry. 2014;205:52–9."
        },
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          "study": "England,2007",
          "ref": "England M. Efficacy of cognitive nursing intervention for voice hearing. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2007;43(2):69–76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Garcia,2003",
          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Jovanović, N., Russo, M., Pemovska, T., Francis, J. J., Arenliu, A., Bajraktarov, S., Džubur Kulenović, A., Injac Stevović, L., Novotni, A., Andrić Petrović, S., Radojičić, T., Ribić, E., Konjufca, J., & Marić, N. P. (2022). Improving treatment of patients with psychosis in low-and-middle-income countries in Southeast Europe: Results from a hybrid effectiveness-implementation, pragmatic, cluster-randomized clinical trial (IMPULSE). Eur Psychiatry, 65(1), e50. https://doi.org/doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2302 "
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          "ref": "Kuipers E, Garety PA, Fowler D, Dunn G, Bebbington P, Freeman D, et al. London-East Anglia randomised controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for psychosis. Br J Psychiatry. 1997;171:319–27."
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          "ref": "Lopez-Luengo, B., & Muela-Martinez, J. A. (2016). Preliminary study of a rehabilitation program based on attentional processes to treat auditory hallucinations. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 21(4), 315-334. "
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          "ref": "Marchira, C. R., Supriyanto, I., Sub, i, S., Good, M. J. D., & Good, B. J. (2019). Brief interactive psychoeducation for caregivers of patients with early phase psychosis in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 13(3), 469-476. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/eip.12506 "
        },
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          "ref": "Ruiz-Iriondo, M., Salaberría, K., Polo-López, R., Iruin, Á., & Echeburúa, E. (2020). Improving clinical symptoms, functioning, and quality of life in chronic schizophrenia with an integrated psychological therapy (IPT) plus emotional management training (EMT): A controlled clinical trial. Psychother Res, 30(8), 1026-1038. https://doi.org/doi:10.1080/10503307.2019.1683634 "
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          "ref": "Startup M, Jackson MC, Bendix S. North Wales randomized controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy for acute schizophrenia spectrum disorders : outcomes at 6 and 12 months. Psychol Med. 2004;34:413–22."
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          "ref": "Velligan DI, Tai S, Roberts DL, Maples-Aguilar N, Brown M, Mintz J, et al. A randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive behavior therapy , cognitive adaptation training , their combination and treatment as usual in chronic schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2015;41(3):597–603."
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        {
          "study": "Aivalioti,2022",
          "ref": "Aivalioti, E. I., Simos, P., Basta, M., & Vgontzas, A. N. (2022). Brief Solution Focused Therapy on schizophrenia: A preliminary study of family characteristics and psychopathology. Psychiatrike = Psychiatriki. https://doi.org/doi:10.22365/jpsych.2022.085 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Awan,2017",
          "ref": "Awan, N. R., Jehangir, S. F., Irfan, M., Naeem, F., & Farooq, S. (2017). Explanatory model of illness of the patients with schizophrenia and the role of educational intervention. Schizophr Res, 190, 68-73. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.03.006 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bradley,2006",
          "ref": "Bradley GM, Couchman GM, Perlesz A, Nguyen AT, Singh B, Riess C. Multiple-family group treatment for families living with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2006;57(4):521–30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chan,2009",
          "ref": "Chan SW, Yip B, Tso S, Cheng B, Tam W. Evaluation of a psychoeducation program for Chinese clients with schizophrenia and their family caregivers. Patient Educ Couns. 2009;75:67–76."
        },
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          "ref": "Chien 2013a: Chien WT, Lee IYM. The mindfulness-based psychoeducation program for Chinese patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2013;64(4)."
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        {
          "study": "Chien,2013c",
          "ref": "Chien, W. T., & Leung, S. F. (2013). A controlled trial of a needs‐based, nurse‐led psychoeducation programme for C hinese patients with first‐onset mental disorders: 6 month follow up. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 19, 3-13. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2014",
          "ref": "Chien WT, Thompson DR. Effects of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation programme for Chinese patients with schizophrenia: 2-year follow-up. Br J Psychiatry. 2014;205:52–9."
        },
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          "ref": "Dickinson D, Ph D, Tenhula W, Ph D, Morris S, Ph D, et al. A randomized , controlled trial of computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:170–80."
        },
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          "study": "England,2007",
          "ref": "England M. Efficacy of cognitive nursing intervention for voice hearing. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2007;43(2):69–76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Garcia,2003",
          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gaudiano,2023",
          "ref": "Gaudiano, B. A., Ellenberg, S., Johnson, J. E., Mueser, K. T., & Miller, I. W. (2023). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for inpatients with psychosis: Implementation feasibility and acceptability from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Schizophrenia Research, 261, 72-79. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.017"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Haddock G, Tarrier N, Morrison AP, Hopkins R, Drake R, Lewis S. A pilot study evaluating the effectiveness of individual inpatient cognitive-behavioural therapy in early psychosis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1999;34:254–8."
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          "ref": "Hayes RL, Halford WK, Varghese FT. Social skills training with chronic schizophrenic patients: Effects on _negative symptoms and community functioning. Behav Ther. 1995;26:433–49."
        },
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          "ref": "Horan, W. P., Dolinsky, M., Lee, J., Kern, R. S., Hellemann, G., Sugar, C. A., Glynn, S. M., & Green, M. F. (2018). Social Cognitive Skills Training for Psychosis With Community-Based Training Exercises: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Schizophr Bull, 44(6), 1254-1266. https://doi.org/doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx167 "
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        {
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          "ref": "Iuso, S., Severo, M., Trotta, N., Ventriglio, A., Fiore, P., Bellomo, A., & Petito, A. (2023). Improvements in Treatment Adherence after Family Psychoeducation in Patients Affected by Psychosis: Preliminary Findings. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 13(10). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/jpm13101437"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Jovanović, N., Russo, M., Pemovska, T., Francis, J. J., Arenliu, A., Bajraktarov, S., Džubur Kulenović, A., Injac Stevović, L., Novotni, A., Andrić Petrović, S., Radojičić, T., Ribić, E., Konjufca, J., & Marić, N. P. (2022). Improving treatment of patients with psychosis in low-and-middle-income countries in Southeast Europe: Results from a hybrid effectiveness-implementation, pragmatic, cluster-randomized clinical trial (IMPULSE). Eur Psychiatry, 65(1), e50. https://doi.org/doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2302 "
        },
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          "ref": "Kuipers E, Garety PA, Fowler D, Dunn G, Bebbington P, Freeman D, et al. London-East Anglia randomised controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for psychosis. Br J Psychiatry. 1997;171:319–27."
        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Lopez-Luengo,2016",
          "ref": "Lopez-Luengo, B., & Muela-Martinez, J. A. (2016). Preliminary study of a rehabilitation program based on attentional processes to treat auditory hallucinations. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 21(4), 315-334. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Marchira,2019",
          "ref": "Marchira, C. R., Supriyanto, I., Sub, i, S., Good, M. J. D., & Good, B. J. (2019). Brief interactive psychoeducation for caregivers of patients with early phase psychosis in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 13(3), 469-476. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/eip.12506 "
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Mazza, M., Lucci, G., Pacitti, F., Pino, M. C., Mariano, M., Casacchia, M., & Roncone, R. (2010). Could schizophrenic subjects improve their social cognition abilities only with observation and imitation of social situations? Neuropsychological rehabilitation, 20(5), 675-703. "
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          "study": "Ng,2006",
          "ref": "Ng RMK, Cheung MSL. Social skills training in Hong Kong Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia. Hong Kong J Pscyhiatry. 2006;16(1):14–20."
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          "ref": "Pinto, A., Pia, S. L., Mennella, R., Giorgio, D., & DeSimone, L. (1999). Rehab rounds: cognitive-behavioral therapy and clozapine for clients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services, 50(7), 901-904. "
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          "ref": "Schaub A, Mueser KT, Werder T Von, Engel R, Möller H, Falkai P. A randomized controlled trial of group coping-oriented therapy vs supportive therapy in schizophrenia : Results of a 2- Year Follow-up. Schizophr Bull. 2016;42(1):s71-80."
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          "ref": "Shin S-K, Lukens EP. Effects of psychoeducation for Korean Americans with chronic mental illness. Psychiatr Serv. 2002;53(9):1125–31."
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          "ref": "Startup M, Jackson MC, Bendix S. North Wales randomized controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy for acute schizophrenia spectrum disorders : outcomes at 6 and 12 months. Psychol Med. 2004;34:413–22."
        },
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          "ref": "Velligan DI, Tai S, Roberts DL, Maples-Aguilar N, Brown M, Mintz J, et al. A randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive behavior therapy , cognitive adaptation training , their combination and treatment as usual in chronic schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2015;41(3):597–603."
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        },
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          "ref": "Dickinson D, Ph D, Tenhula W, Ph D, Morris S, Ph D, et al. A randomized , controlled trial of computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:170–80."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Gaudiano, B. A., Ellenberg, S., Johnson, J. E., Mueser, K. T., & Miller, I. W. (2023). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for inpatients with psychosis: Implementation feasibility and acceptability from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Schizophrenia Research, 261, 72-79. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.017"
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Haddock G, Tarrier N, Morrison AP, Hopkins R, Drake R, Lewis S. A pilot study evaluating the effectiveness of individual inpatient cognitive-behavioural therapy in early psychosis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1999;34:254–8."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Hayes RL, Halford WK, Varghese FT. Social skills training with chronic schizophrenic patients: Effects on _negative symptoms and community functioning. Behav Ther. 1995;26:433–49."
        },
        {
          "study": "Horan,2018",
          "ref": "Horan, W. P., Dolinsky, M., Lee, J., Kern, R. S., Hellemann, G., Sugar, C. A., Glynn, S. M., & Green, M. F. (2018). Social Cognitive Skills Training for Psychosis With Community-Based Training Exercises: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Schizophr Bull, 44(6), 1254-1266. https://doi.org/doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx167 "
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Iuso, S., Severo, M., Trotta, N., Ventriglio, A., Fiore, P., Bellomo, A., & Petito, A. (2023). Improvements in Treatment Adherence after Family Psychoeducation in Patients Affected by Psychosis: Preliminary Findings. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 13(10). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/jpm13101437"
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          "ref": "Pinto, A., Pia, S. L., Mennella, R., Giorgio, D., & DeSimone, L. (1999). Rehab rounds: cognitive-behavioral therapy and clozapine for clients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services, 50(7), 901-904. "
        },
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          "ref": "Schaub A, Mueser KT, Werder T Von, Engel R, Möller H, Falkai P. A randomized controlled trial of group coping-oriented therapy vs supportive therapy in schizophrenia : Results of a 2- Year Follow-up. Schizophr Bull. 2016;42(1):s71-80."
        },
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          "ref": "Shin S-K, Lukens EP. Effects of psychoeducation for Korean Americans with chronic mental illness. Psychiatr Serv. 2002;53(9):1125–31."
        },
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          "ref": "Velligan DI, Tai S, Roberts DL, Maples-Aguilar N, Brown M, Mintz J, et al. A randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive behavior therapy , cognitive adaptation training , their combination and treatment as usual in chronic schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2015;41(3):597–603."
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          "ref": "Weisman de Mamani, A., Weintraub, M. J., Gurak, K., & Maura, J. (2014). A randomized clinical trial to test the efficacy of a family-focused, culturally informed therapy for schizophrenia. Journal of Family Psychology, 28(6), 800. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wykes,1999",
          "ref": "Wykes T, Reeder C, Corner J, Wuliams C, Everitt B. The effects of neurocognitive remediation on executive processing in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1999;25(2):291–308."
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        },
        {
          "study": "Awan,2017",
          "ref": "Awan, N. R., Jehangir, S. F., Irfan, M., Naeem, F., & Farooq, S. (2017). Explanatory model of illness of the patients with schizophrenia and the role of educational intervention. Schizophr Res, 190, 68-73. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.03.006 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bradley,2006",
          "ref": "Bradley GM, Couchman GM, Perlesz A, Nguyen AT, Singh B, Riess C. Multiple-family group treatment for families living with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2006;57(4):521–30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chan,2009",
          "ref": "Chan SW, Yip B, Tso S, Cheng B, Tam W. Evaluation of a psychoeducation program for Chinese clients with schizophrenia and their family caregivers. Patient Educ Couns. 2009;75:67–76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2013a",
          "ref": "Chien 2013a: Chien WT, Lee IYM. The mindfulness-based psychoeducation program for Chinese patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2013;64(4)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2013c",
          "ref": "Chien, W. T., & Leung, S. F. (2013). A controlled trial of a needs‐based, nurse‐led psychoeducation programme for C hinese patients with first‐onset mental disorders: 6 month follow up. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 19, 3-13. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2014",
          "ref": "Chien WT, Thompson DR. Effects of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation programme for Chinese patients with schizophrenia: 2-year follow-up. Br J Psychiatry. 2014;205:52–9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dickinson,2010",
          "ref": "Dickinson D, Ph D, Tenhula W, Ph D, Morris S, Ph D, et al. A randomized , controlled trial of computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:170–80."
        },
        {
          "study": "England,2007",
          "ref": "England M. Efficacy of cognitive nursing intervention for voice hearing. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2007;43(2):69–76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Garcia,2003",
          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gaudiano,2023",
          "ref": "Gaudiano, B. A., Ellenberg, S., Johnson, J. E., Mueser, K. T., & Miller, I. W. (2023). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for inpatients with psychosis: Implementation feasibility and acceptability from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Schizophrenia Research, 261, 72-79. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.017"
        },
        {
          "study": "Haddock,1999",
          "ref": "Haddock G, Tarrier N, Morrison AP, Hopkins R, Drake R, Lewis S. A pilot study evaluating the effectiveness of individual inpatient cognitive-behavioural therapy in early psychosis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1999;34:254–8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes,1995",
          "ref": "Hayes RL, Halford WK, Varghese FT. Social skills training with chronic schizophrenic patients: Effects on _negative symptoms and community functioning. Behav Ther. 1995;26:433–49."
        },
        {
          "study": "Horan,2018",
          "ref": "Horan, W. P., Dolinsky, M., Lee, J., Kern, R. S., Hellemann, G., Sugar, C. A., Glynn, S. M., & Green, M. F. (2018). Social Cognitive Skills Training for Psychosis With Community-Based Training Exercises: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Schizophr Bull, 44(6), 1254-1266. https://doi.org/doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Iuso,2023",
          "ref": "Iuso, S., Severo, M., Trotta, N., Ventriglio, A., Fiore, P., Bellomo, A., & Petito, A. (2023). Improvements in Treatment Adherence after Family Psychoeducation in Patients Affected by Psychosis: Preliminary Findings. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 13(10). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/jpm13101437"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jovanović,2022",
          "ref": "Jovanović, N., Russo, M., Pemovska, T., Francis, J. J., Arenliu, A., Bajraktarov, S., Džubur Kulenović, A., Injac Stevović, L., Novotni, A., Andrić Petrović, S., Radojičić, T., Ribić, E., Konjufca, J., & Marić, N. P. (2022). Improving treatment of patients with psychosis in low-and-middle-income countries in Southeast Europe: Results from a hybrid effectiveness-implementation, pragmatic, cluster-randomized clinical trial (IMPULSE). Eur Psychiatry, 65(1), e50. https://doi.org/doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2302 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kuipers,1997",
          "ref": "Kuipers E, Garety PA, Fowler D, Dunn G, Bebbington P, Freeman D, et al. London-East Anglia randomised controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for psychosis. Br J Psychiatry. 1997;171:319–27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Li,2018",
          "ref": "Li, J., Huang, Y. G., Ran, M. S., Fan, Y., Chen, W., Evans-Lacko, S., & Thornicroft, G. (2018). Community-based comprehensive intervention for people with schizophrenia in Guangzhou, China: Effects on clinical symptoms, social functioning, internalized stigma and discrimination. Asian J Psychiatr, 34, 21-30. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2018.04.017 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Lopez-Luengo,2016",
          "ref": "Lopez-Luengo, B., & Muela-Martinez, J. A. (2016). Preliminary study of a rehabilitation program based on attentional processes to treat auditory hallucinations. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 21(4), 315-334. "
        },
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          "ref": "Chien, W. T., & Leung, S. F. (2013). A controlled trial of a needs‐based, nurse‐led psychoeducation programme for C hinese patients with first‐onset mental disorders: 6 month follow up. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 19, 3-13. "
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          "ref": "Chien WT, Thompson DR. Effects of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation programme for Chinese patients with schizophrenia: 2-year follow-up. Br J Psychiatry. 2014;205:52–9."
        },
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          "ref": "Dickinson D, Ph D, Tenhula W, Ph D, Morris S, Ph D, et al. A randomized , controlled trial of computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:170–80."
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          "ref": "England M. Efficacy of cognitive nursing intervention for voice hearing. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2007;43(2):69–76."
        },
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          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
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        },
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          "ref": "Haddock G, Tarrier N, Morrison AP, Hopkins R, Drake R, Lewis S. A pilot study evaluating the effectiveness of individual inpatient cognitive-behavioural therapy in early psychosis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1999;34:254–8."
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          "ref": "Kuipers E, Garety PA, Fowler D, Dunn G, Bebbington P, Freeman D, et al. London-East Anglia randomised controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for psychosis. Br J Psychiatry. 1997;171:319–27."
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          "ref": "Lopez-Luengo, B., & Muela-Martinez, J. A. (2016). Preliminary study of a rehabilitation program based on attentional processes to treat auditory hallucinations. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 21(4), 315-334. "
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          "ref": "Marchira, C. R., Supriyanto, I., Sub, i, S., Good, M. J. D., & Good, B. J. (2019). Brief interactive psychoeducation for caregivers of patients with early phase psychosis in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 13(3), 469-476. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/eip.12506 "
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          "ref": "Ng RMK, Cheung MSL. Social skills training in Hong Kong Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia. Hong Kong J Pscyhiatry. 2006;16(1):14–20."
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          "ref": "Pinto, A., Pia, S. L., Mennella, R., Giorgio, D., & DeSimone, L. (1999). Rehab rounds: cognitive-behavioral therapy and clozapine for clients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services, 50(7), 901-904. "
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          "ref": "Ruiz-Iriondo, M., Salaberría, K., Polo-López, R., Iruin, Á., & Echeburúa, E. (2020). Improving clinical symptoms, functioning, and quality of life in chronic schizophrenia with an integrated psychological therapy (IPT) plus emotional management training (EMT): A controlled clinical trial. Psychother Res, 30(8), 1026-1038. https://doi.org/doi:10.1080/10503307.2019.1683634 "
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          "ref": "Shin S-K, Lukens EP. Effects of psychoeducation for Korean Americans with chronic mental illness. Psychiatr Serv. 2002;53(9):1125–31."
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          "ref": "Chan SW, Yip B, Tso S, Cheng B, Tam W. Evaluation of a psychoeducation program for Chinese clients with schizophrenia and their family caregivers. Patient Educ Couns. 2009;75:67–76."
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          "ref": "Chien, W. T., & Leung, S. F. (2013). A controlled trial of a needs‐based, nurse‐led psychoeducation programme for C hinese patients with first‐onset mental disorders: 6 month follow up. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 19, 3-13. "
        },
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          "ref": "Chien WT, Thompson DR. Effects of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation programme for Chinese patients with schizophrenia: 2-year follow-up. Br J Psychiatry. 2014;205:52–9."
        },
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          "ref": "Dickinson D, Ph D, Tenhula W, Ph D, Morris S, Ph D, et al. A randomized , controlled trial of computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:170–80."
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          "ref": "England M. Efficacy of cognitive nursing intervention for voice hearing. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2007;43(2):69–76."
        },
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          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
        },
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          "ref": "Gaudiano, B. A., Ellenberg, S., Johnson, J. E., Mueser, K. T., & Miller, I. W. (2023). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for inpatients with psychosis: Implementation feasibility and acceptability from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Schizophrenia Research, 261, 72-79. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.017"
        },
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          "study": "Haddock,1999",
          "ref": "Haddock G, Tarrier N, Morrison AP, Hopkins R, Drake R, Lewis S. A pilot study evaluating the effectiveness of individual inpatient cognitive-behavioural therapy in early psychosis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1999;34:254–8."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Hayes RL, Halford WK, Varghese FT. Social skills training with chronic schizophrenic patients: Effects on _negative symptoms and community functioning. Behav Ther. 1995;26:433–49."
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          "ref": "Chien WT, Thompson DR. Effects of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation programme for Chinese patients with schizophrenia: 2-year follow-up. Br J Psychiatry. 2014;205:52–9."
        },
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          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
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          "ref": "Chien WT, Thompson DR. Effects of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation programme for Chinese patients with schizophrenia: 2-year follow-up. Br J Psychiatry. 2014;205:52–9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dickinson,2010",
          "ref": "Dickinson D, Ph D, Tenhula W, Ph D, Morris S, Ph D, et al. A randomized , controlled trial of computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:170–80."
        },
        {
          "study": "England,2007",
          "ref": "England M. Efficacy of cognitive nursing intervention for voice hearing. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2007;43(2):69–76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Garcia,2003",
          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Gaudiano, B. A., Ellenberg, S., Johnson, J. E., Mueser, K. T., & Miller, I. W. (2023). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for inpatients with psychosis: Implementation feasibility and acceptability from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Schizophrenia Research, 261, 72-79. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.017"
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          "ref": "Hayes RL, Halford WK, Varghese FT. Social skills training with chronic schizophrenic patients: Effects on _negative symptoms and community functioning. Behav Ther. 1995;26:433–49."
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          "ref": "Horan, W. P., Dolinsky, M., Lee, J., Kern, R. S., Hellemann, G., Sugar, C. A., Glynn, S. M., & Green, M. F. (2018). Social Cognitive Skills Training for Psychosis With Community-Based Training Exercises: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Schizophr Bull, 44(6), 1254-1266. https://doi.org/doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx167 "
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          "ref": "Iuso, S., Severo, M., Trotta, N., Ventriglio, A., Fiore, P., Bellomo, A., & Petito, A. (2023). Improvements in Treatment Adherence after Family Psychoeducation in Patients Affected by Psychosis: Preliminary Findings. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 13(10). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/jpm13101437"
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          "ref": "Lopez-Luengo, B., & Muela-Martinez, J. A. (2016). Preliminary study of a rehabilitation program based on attentional processes to treat auditory hallucinations. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 21(4), 315-334. "
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Marchira, C. R., Supriyanto, I., Sub, i, S., Good, M. J. D., & Good, B. J. (2019). Brief interactive psychoeducation for caregivers of patients with early phase psychosis in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 13(3), 469-476. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/eip.12506 "
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        {
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          "ref": "Mazza, M., Lucci, G., Pacitti, F., Pino, M. C., Mariano, M., Casacchia, M., & Roncone, R. (2010). Could schizophrenic subjects improve their social cognition abilities only with observation and imitation of social situations? Neuropsychological rehabilitation, 20(5), 675-703. "
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          "ref": "Ng RMK, Cheung MSL. Social skills training in Hong Kong Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia. Hong Kong J Pscyhiatry. 2006;16(1):14–20."
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          "ref": "Pinto, A., Pia, S. L., Mennella, R., Giorgio, D., & DeSimone, L. (1999). Rehab rounds: cognitive-behavioral therapy and clozapine for clients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services, 50(7), 901-904. "
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          "ref": "Ruiz-Iriondo, M., Salaberría, K., Polo-López, R., Iruin, Á., & Echeburúa, E. (2020). Improving clinical symptoms, functioning, and quality of life in chronic schizophrenia with an integrated psychological therapy (IPT) plus emotional management training (EMT): A controlled clinical trial. Psychother Res, 30(8), 1026-1038. https://doi.org/doi:10.1080/10503307.2019.1683634 "
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          "ref": "Schaub A, Mueser KT, Werder T Von, Engel R, Möller H, Falkai P. A randomized controlled trial of group coping-oriented therapy vs supportive therapy in schizophrenia : Results of a 2- Year Follow-up. Schizophr Bull. 2016;42(1):s71-80."
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          "ref": "Shin S-K, Lukens EP. Effects of psychoeducation for Korean Americans with chronic mental illness. Psychiatr Serv. 2002;53(9):1125–31."
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          "ref": "Dickinson D, Ph D, Tenhula W, Ph D, Morris S, Ph D, et al. A randomized , controlled trial of computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:170–80."
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          "ref": "England M. Efficacy of cognitive nursing intervention for voice hearing. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2007;43(2):69–76."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Gaudiano, B. A., Ellenberg, S., Johnson, J. E., Mueser, K. T., & Miller, I. W. (2023). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for inpatients with psychosis: Implementation feasibility and acceptability from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Schizophrenia Research, 261, 72-79. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.017"
        },
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          "ref": "Hayes RL, Halford WK, Varghese FT. Social skills training with chronic schizophrenic patients: Effects on _negative symptoms and community functioning. Behav Ther. 1995;26:433–49."
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        {
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          "ref": "Iuso, S., Severo, M., Trotta, N., Ventriglio, A., Fiore, P., Bellomo, A., & Petito, A. (2023). Improvements in Treatment Adherence after Family Psychoeducation in Patients Affected by Psychosis: Preliminary Findings. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 13(10). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/jpm13101437"
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          "ref": "Kuipers E, Garety PA, Fowler D, Dunn G, Bebbington P, Freeman D, et al. London-East Anglia randomised controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for psychosis. Br J Psychiatry. 1997;171:319–27."
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          "ref": "Li, J., Huang, Y. G., Ran, M. S., Fan, Y., Chen, W., Evans-Lacko, S., & Thornicroft, G. (2018). Community-based comprehensive intervention for people with schizophrenia in Guangzhou, China: Effects on clinical symptoms, social functioning, internalized stigma and discrimination. Asian J Psychiatr, 34, 21-30. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2018.04.017 "
        },
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          "ref": "Lopez-Luengo, B., & Muela-Martinez, J. A. (2016). Preliminary study of a rehabilitation program based on attentional processes to treat auditory hallucinations. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 21(4), 315-334. "
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          "ref": "Marchira, C. R., Supriyanto, I., Sub, i, S., Good, M. J. D., & Good, B. J. (2019). Brief interactive psychoeducation for caregivers of patients with early phase psychosis in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 13(3), 469-476. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/eip.12506 "
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Mazza, M., Lucci, G., Pacitti, F., Pino, M. C., Mariano, M., Casacchia, M., & Roncone, R. (2010). Could schizophrenic subjects improve their social cognition abilities only with observation and imitation of social situations? Neuropsychological rehabilitation, 20(5), 675-703. "
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        },
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          "ref": "Awan, N. R., Jehangir, S. F., Irfan, M., Naeem, F., & Farooq, S. (2017). Explanatory model of illness of the patients with schizophrenia and the role of educational intervention. Schizophr Res, 190, 68-73. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.03.006 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bradley,2006",
          "ref": "Bradley GM, Couchman GM, Perlesz A, Nguyen AT, Singh B, Riess C. Multiple-family group treatment for families living with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2006;57(4):521–30."
        },
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          "ref": "Chan SW, Yip B, Tso S, Cheng B, Tam W. Evaluation of a psychoeducation program for Chinese clients with schizophrenia and their family caregivers. Patient Educ Couns. 2009;75:67–76."
        },
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          "ref": "Chien, W. T., & Leung, S. F. (2013). A controlled trial of a needs‐based, nurse‐led psychoeducation programme for C hinese patients with first‐onset mental disorders: 6 month follow up. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 19, 3-13. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2014",
          "ref": "Chien WT, Thompson DR. Effects of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation programme for Chinese patients with schizophrenia: 2-year follow-up. Br J Psychiatry. 2014;205:52–9."
        },
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          "study": "Dickinson,2010",
          "ref": "Dickinson D, Ph D, Tenhula W, Ph D, Morris S, Ph D, et al. A randomized , controlled trial of computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:170–80."
        },
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          "ref": "England M. Efficacy of cognitive nursing intervention for voice hearing. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2007;43(2):69–76."
        },
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          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
        },
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          "ref": "Haddock G, Tarrier N, Morrison AP, Hopkins R, Drake R, Lewis S. A pilot study evaluating the effectiveness of individual inpatient cognitive-behavioural therapy in early psychosis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1999;34:254–8."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hayes,1995",
          "ref": "Hayes RL, Halford WK, Varghese FT. Social skills training with chronic schizophrenic patients: Effects on _negative symptoms and community functioning. Behav Ther. 1995;26:433–49."
        },
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          "ref": "Horan, W. P., Dolinsky, M., Lee, J., Kern, R. S., Hellemann, G., Sugar, C. A., Glynn, S. M., & Green, M. F. (2018). Social Cognitive Skills Training for Psychosis With Community-Based Training Exercises: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Schizophr Bull, 44(6), 1254-1266. https://doi.org/doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx167 "
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Iuso, S., Severo, M., Trotta, N., Ventriglio, A., Fiore, P., Bellomo, A., & Petito, A. (2023). Improvements in Treatment Adherence after Family Psychoeducation in Patients Affected by Psychosis: Preliminary Findings. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 13(10). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/jpm13101437"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jovanović,2022",
          "ref": "Jovanović, N., Russo, M., Pemovska, T., Francis, J. J., Arenliu, A., Bajraktarov, S., Džubur Kulenović, A., Injac Stevović, L., Novotni, A., Andrić Petrović, S., Radojičić, T., Ribić, E., Konjufca, J., & Marić, N. P. (2022). Improving treatment of patients with psychosis in low-and-middle-income countries in Southeast Europe: Results from a hybrid effectiveness-implementation, pragmatic, cluster-randomized clinical trial (IMPULSE). Eur Psychiatry, 65(1), e50. https://doi.org/doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2302 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Kuipers,1997",
          "ref": "Kuipers E, Garety PA, Fowler D, Dunn G, Bebbington P, Freeman D, et al. London-East Anglia randomised controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for psychosis. Br J Psychiatry. 1997;171:319–27."
        },
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          "ref": "Li, J., Huang, Y. G., Ran, M. S., Fan, Y., Chen, W., Evans-Lacko, S., & Thornicroft, G. (2018). Community-based comprehensive intervention for people with schizophrenia in Guangzhou, China: Effects on clinical symptoms, social functioning, internalized stigma and discrimination. Asian J Psychiatr, 34, 21-30. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2018.04.017 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Lopez-Luengo,2016",
          "ref": "Lopez-Luengo, B., & Muela-Martinez, J. A. (2016). Preliminary study of a rehabilitation program based on attentional processes to treat auditory hallucinations. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 21(4), 315-334. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Marchira,2019",
          "ref": "Marchira, C. R., Supriyanto, I., Sub, i, S., Good, M. J. D., & Good, B. J. (2019). Brief interactive psychoeducation for caregivers of patients with early phase psychosis in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 13(3), 469-476. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/eip.12506 "
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Mazza, M., Lucci, G., Pacitti, F., Pino, M. C., Mariano, M., Casacchia, M., & Roncone, R. (2010). Could schizophrenic subjects improve their social cognition abilities only with observation and imitation of social situations? Neuropsychological rehabilitation, 20(5), 675-703. "
        },
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          "ref": "Ng RMK, Cheung MSL. Social skills training in Hong Kong Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia. Hong Kong J Pscyhiatry. 2006;16(1):14–20."
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          "ref": "Awan, N. R., Jehangir, S. F., Irfan, M., Naeem, F., & Farooq, S. (2017). Explanatory model of illness of the patients with schizophrenia and the role of educational intervention. Schizophr Res, 190, 68-73. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.03.006 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bradley,2006",
          "ref": "Bradley GM, Couchman GM, Perlesz A, Nguyen AT, Singh B, Riess C. Multiple-family group treatment for families living with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2006;57(4):521–30."
        },
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          "study": "Chan,2009",
          "ref": "Chan SW, Yip B, Tso S, Cheng B, Tam W. Evaluation of a psychoeducation program for Chinese clients with schizophrenia and their family caregivers. Patient Educ Couns. 2009;75:67–76."
        },
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          "ref": "Chien 2013a: Chien WT, Lee IYM. The mindfulness-based psychoeducation program for Chinese patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2013;64(4)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2013c",
          "ref": "Chien, W. T., & Leung, S. F. (2013). A controlled trial of a needs‐based, nurse‐led psychoeducation programme for C hinese patients with first‐onset mental disorders: 6 month follow up. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 19, 3-13. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2014",
          "ref": "Chien WT, Thompson DR. Effects of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation programme for Chinese patients with schizophrenia: 2-year follow-up. Br J Psychiatry. 2014;205:52–9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dickinson,2010",
          "ref": "Dickinson D, Ph D, Tenhula W, Ph D, Morris S, Ph D, et al. A randomized , controlled trial of computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:170–80."
        },
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          "study": "England,2007",
          "ref": "England M. Efficacy of cognitive nursing intervention for voice hearing. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2007;43(2):69–76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Garcia,2003",
          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gaudiano,2023",
          "ref": "Gaudiano, B. A., Ellenberg, S., Johnson, J. E., Mueser, K. T., & Miller, I. W. (2023). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for inpatients with psychosis: Implementation feasibility and acceptability from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Schizophrenia Research, 261, 72-79. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.017"
        },
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          "ref": "Haddock G, Tarrier N, Morrison AP, Hopkins R, Drake R, Lewis S. A pilot study evaluating the effectiveness of individual inpatient cognitive-behavioural therapy in early psychosis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1999;34:254–8."
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          "ref": "Hayes RL, Halford WK, Varghese FT. Social skills training with chronic schizophrenic patients: Effects on _negative symptoms and community functioning. Behav Ther. 1995;26:433–49."
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        },
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          "ref": "Lopez-Luengo, B., & Muela-Martinez, J. A. (2016). Preliminary study of a rehabilitation program based on attentional processes to treat auditory hallucinations. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 21(4), 315-334. "
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        },
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          "ref": "Ruiz-Iriondo, M., Salaberría, K., Polo-López, R., Iruin, Á., & Echeburúa, E. (2020). Improving clinical symptoms, functioning, and quality of life in chronic schizophrenia with an integrated psychological therapy (IPT) plus emotional management training (EMT): A controlled clinical trial. Psychother Res, 30(8), 1026-1038. https://doi.org/doi:10.1080/10503307.2019.1683634 "
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          "ref": "Shin S-K, Lukens EP. Effects of psychoeducation for Korean Americans with chronic mental illness. Psychiatr Serv. 2002;53(9):1125–31."
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        },
        {
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          "ref": "Awan, N. R., Jehangir, S. F., Irfan, M., Naeem, F., & Farooq, S. (2017). Explanatory model of illness of the patients with schizophrenia and the role of educational intervention. Schizophr Res, 190, 68-73. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.03.006 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Bradley,2006",
          "ref": "Bradley GM, Couchman GM, Perlesz A, Nguyen AT, Singh B, Riess C. Multiple-family group treatment for families living with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2006;57(4):521–30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chan,2009",
          "ref": "Chan SW, Yip B, Tso S, Cheng B, Tam W. Evaluation of a psychoeducation program for Chinese clients with schizophrenia and their family caregivers. Patient Educ Couns. 2009;75:67–76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2013a",
          "ref": "Chien 2013a: Chien WT, Lee IYM. The mindfulness-based psychoeducation program for Chinese patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2013;64(4)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2013c",
          "ref": "Chien, W. T., & Leung, S. F. (2013). A controlled trial of a needs‐based, nurse‐led psychoeducation programme for C hinese patients with first‐onset mental disorders: 6 month follow up. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 19, 3-13. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2014",
          "ref": "Chien WT, Thompson DR. Effects of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation programme for Chinese patients with schizophrenia: 2-year follow-up. Br J Psychiatry. 2014;205:52–9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dickinson,2010",
          "ref": "Dickinson D, Ph D, Tenhula W, Ph D, Morris S, Ph D, et al. A randomized , controlled trial of computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:170–80."
        },
        {
          "study": "England,2007",
          "ref": "England M. Efficacy of cognitive nursing intervention for voice hearing. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2007;43(2):69–76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Garcia,2003",
          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gaudiano,2023",
          "ref": "Gaudiano, B. A., Ellenberg, S., Johnson, J. E., Mueser, K. T., & Miller, I. W. (2023). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for inpatients with psychosis: Implementation feasibility and acceptability from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Schizophrenia Research, 261, 72-79. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.017"
        },
        {
          "study": "Haddock,1999",
          "ref": "Haddock G, Tarrier N, Morrison AP, Hopkins R, Drake R, Lewis S. A pilot study evaluating the effectiveness of individual inpatient cognitive-behavioural therapy in early psychosis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1999;34:254–8."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Hayes RL, Halford WK, Varghese FT. Social skills training with chronic schizophrenic patients: Effects on _negative symptoms and community functioning. Behav Ther. 1995;26:433–49."
        },
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          "ref": "Horan, W. P., Dolinsky, M., Lee, J., Kern, R. S., Hellemann, G., Sugar, C. A., Glynn, S. M., & Green, M. F. (2018). Social Cognitive Skills Training for Psychosis With Community-Based Training Exercises: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Schizophr Bull, 44(6), 1254-1266. https://doi.org/doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx167 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Iuso,2023",
          "ref": "Iuso, S., Severo, M., Trotta, N., Ventriglio, A., Fiore, P., Bellomo, A., & Petito, A. (2023). Improvements in Treatment Adherence after Family Psychoeducation in Patients Affected by Psychosis: Preliminary Findings. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 13(10). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/jpm13101437"
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          "ref": "Jovanović, N., Russo, M., Pemovska, T., Francis, J. J., Arenliu, A., Bajraktarov, S., Džubur Kulenović, A., Injac Stevović, L., Novotni, A., Andrić Petrović, S., Radojičić, T., Ribić, E., Konjufca, J., & Marić, N. P. (2022). Improving treatment of patients with psychosis in low-and-middle-income countries in Southeast Europe: Results from a hybrid effectiveness-implementation, pragmatic, cluster-randomized clinical trial (IMPULSE). Eur Psychiatry, 65(1), e50. https://doi.org/doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2302 "
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Kuipers E, Garety PA, Fowler D, Dunn G, Bebbington P, Freeman D, et al. London-East Anglia randomised controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for psychosis. Br J Psychiatry. 1997;171:319–27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Li,2018",
          "ref": "Li, J., Huang, Y. G., Ran, M. S., Fan, Y., Chen, W., Evans-Lacko, S., & Thornicroft, G. (2018). Community-based comprehensive intervention for people with schizophrenia in Guangzhou, China: Effects on clinical symptoms, social functioning, internalized stigma and discrimination. Asian J Psychiatr, 34, 21-30. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2018.04.017 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Lopez-Luengo,2016",
          "ref": "Lopez-Luengo, B., & Muela-Martinez, J. A. (2016). Preliminary study of a rehabilitation program based on attentional processes to treat auditory hallucinations. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 21(4), 315-334. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Marchira,2019",
          "ref": "Marchira, C. R., Supriyanto, I., Sub, i, S., Good, M. J. D., & Good, B. J. (2019). Brief interactive psychoeducation for caregivers of patients with early phase psychosis in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 13(3), 469-476. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/eip.12506 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mazza,2010",
          "ref": "Mazza, M., Lucci, G., Pacitti, F., Pino, M. C., Mariano, M., Casacchia, M., & Roncone, R. (2010). Could schizophrenic subjects improve their social cognition abilities only with observation and imitation of social situations? Neuropsychological rehabilitation, 20(5), 675-703. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ng,2006",
          "ref": "Ng RMK, Cheung MSL. Social skills training in Hong Kong Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia. Hong Kong J Pscyhiatry. 2006;16(1):14–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pinto,1999",
          "ref": "Pinto, A., Pia, S. L., Mennella, R., Giorgio, D., & DeSimone, L. (1999). Rehab rounds: cognitive-behavioral therapy and clozapine for clients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services, 50(7), 901-904. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ruiz-Iriondo,2020",
          "ref": "Ruiz-Iriondo, M., Salaberría, K., Polo-López, R., Iruin, Á., & Echeburúa, E. (2020). Improving clinical symptoms, functioning, and quality of life in chronic schizophrenia with an integrated psychological therapy (IPT) plus emotional management training (EMT): A controlled clinical trial. Psychother Res, 30(8), 1026-1038. https://doi.org/doi:10.1080/10503307.2019.1683634 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaub,2016",
          "ref": "Schaub A, Mueser KT, Werder T Von, Engel R, Möller H, Falkai P. A randomized controlled trial of group coping-oriented therapy vs supportive therapy in schizophrenia : Results of a 2- Year Follow-up. Schizophr Bull. 2016;42(1):s71-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shin,2002",
          "ref": "Shin S-K, Lukens EP. Effects of psychoeducation for Korean Americans with chronic mental illness. Psychiatr Serv. 2002;53(9):1125–31."
        },
        {
          "study": "Startup,2004",
          "ref": "Startup M, Jackson MC, Bendix S. North Wales randomized controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy for acute schizophrenia spectrum disorders : outcomes at 6 and 12 months. Psychol Med. 2004;34:413–22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Velligan,2015",
          "ref": "Velligan DI, Tai S, Roberts DL, Maples-Aguilar N, Brown M, Mintz J, et al. A randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive behavior therapy , cognitive adaptation training , their combination and treatment as usual in chronic schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2015;41(3):597–603."
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          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
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          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
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          "study": "Chien,2013c",
          "ref": "Chien, W. T., & Leung, S. F. (2013). A controlled trial of a needs‐based, nurse‐led psychoeducation programme for C hinese patients with first‐onset mental disorders: 6 month follow up. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 19, 3-13. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Chien,2014",
          "ref": "Chien WT, Thompson DR. Effects of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation programme for Chinese patients with schizophrenia: 2-year follow-up. Br J Psychiatry. 2014;205:52–9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Dickinson,2010",
          "ref": "Dickinson D, Ph D, Tenhula W, Ph D, Morris S, Ph D, et al. A randomized , controlled trial of computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:170–80."
        },
        {
          "study": "England,2007",
          "ref": "England M. Efficacy of cognitive nursing intervention for voice hearing. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2007;43(2):69–76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Garcia,2003",
          "ref": "García S, Fuentes I, Ruíz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample : Evaluation of the “Social Perception Subprogramme.” Int J Psychol Psychol Ther. 2003;3(2):299–310."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gaudiano,2023",
          "ref": "Gaudiano, B. A., Ellenberg, S., Johnson, J. E., Mueser, K. T., & Miller, I. W. (2023). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for inpatients with psychosis: Implementation feasibility and acceptability from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Schizophrenia Research, 261, 72-79. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.017"
        },
        {
          "study": "Haddock,1999",
          "ref": "Haddock G, Tarrier N, Morrison AP, Hopkins R, Drake R, Lewis S. A pilot study evaluating the effectiveness of individual inpatient cognitive-behavioural therapy in early psychosis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1999;34:254–8."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Hayes RL, Halford WK, Varghese FT. Social skills training with chronic schizophrenic patients: Effects on _negative symptoms and community functioning. Behav Ther. 1995;26:433–49."
        },
        {
          "study": "Horan,2018",
          "ref": "Horan, W. P., Dolinsky, M., Lee, J., Kern, R. S., Hellemann, G., Sugar, C. A., Glynn, S. M., & Green, M. F. (2018). Social Cognitive Skills Training for Psychosis With Community-Based Training Exercises: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Schizophr Bull, 44(6), 1254-1266. https://doi.org/doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx167 "
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        {
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          "ref": "Iuso, S., Severo, M., Trotta, N., Ventriglio, A., Fiore, P., Bellomo, A., & Petito, A. (2023). Improvements in Treatment Adherence after Family Psychoeducation in Patients Affected by Psychosis: Preliminary Findings. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 13(10). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/jpm13101437"
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        },
        {
          "study": "Kuipers,1997",
          "ref": "Kuipers E, Garety PA, Fowler D, Dunn G, Bebbington P, Freeman D, et al. London-East Anglia randomised controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for psychosis. Br J Psychiatry. 1997;171:319–27."
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        {
          "study": "Li,2018",
          "ref": "Li, J., Huang, Y. G., Ran, M. S., Fan, Y., Chen, W., Evans-Lacko, S., & Thornicroft, G. (2018). Community-based comprehensive intervention for people with schizophrenia in Guangzhou, China: Effects on clinical symptoms, social functioning, internalized stigma and discrimination. Asian J Psychiatr, 34, 21-30. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2018.04.017 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Lopez-Luengo,2016",
          "ref": "Lopez-Luengo, B., & Muela-Martinez, J. A. (2016). Preliminary study of a rehabilitation program based on attentional processes to treat auditory hallucinations. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 21(4), 315-334. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Marchira,2019",
          "ref": "Marchira, C. R., Supriyanto, I., Sub, i, S., Good, M. J. D., & Good, B. J. (2019). Brief interactive psychoeducation for caregivers of patients with early phase psychosis in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 13(3), 469-476. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/eip.12506 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Mazza,2010",
          "ref": "Mazza, M., Lucci, G., Pacitti, F., Pino, M. C., Mariano, M., Casacchia, M., & Roncone, R. (2010). Could schizophrenic subjects improve their social cognition abilities only with observation and imitation of social situations? Neuropsychological rehabilitation, 20(5), 675-703. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ng,2006",
          "ref": "Ng RMK, Cheung MSL. Social skills training in Hong Kong Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia. Hong Kong J Pscyhiatry. 2006;16(1):14–20."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pinto,1999",
          "ref": "Pinto, A., Pia, S. L., Mennella, R., Giorgio, D., & DeSimone, L. (1999). Rehab rounds: cognitive-behavioral therapy and clozapine for clients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services, 50(7), 901-904. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ruiz-Iriondo,2020",
          "ref": "Ruiz-Iriondo, M., Salaberría, K., Polo-López, R., Iruin, Á., & Echeburúa, E. (2020). Improving clinical symptoms, functioning, and quality of life in chronic schizophrenia with an integrated psychological therapy (IPT) plus emotional management training (EMT): A controlled clinical trial. Psychother Res, 30(8), 1026-1038. https://doi.org/doi:10.1080/10503307.2019.1683634 "
        },
        {
          "study": "Schaub,2016",
          "ref": "Schaub A, Mueser KT, Werder T Von, Engel R, Möller H, Falkai P. A randomized controlled trial of group coping-oriented therapy vs supportive therapy in schizophrenia : Results of a 2- Year Follow-up. Schizophr Bull. 2016;42(1):s71-80."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shin,2002",
          "ref": "Shin S-K, Lukens EP. Effects of psychoeducation for Korean Americans with chronic mental illness. Psychiatr Serv. 2002;53(9):1125–31."
        },
        {
          "study": "Startup,2004",
          "ref": "Startup M, Jackson MC, Bendix S. North Wales randomized controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy for acute schizophrenia spectrum disorders : outcomes at 6 and 12 months. Psychol Med. 2004;34:413–22."
        },
        {
          "study": "Velligan,2015",
          "ref": "Velligan DI, Tai S, Roberts DL, Maples-Aguilar N, Brown M, Mintz J, et al. A randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive behavior therapy , cognitive adaptation training , their combination and treatment as usual in chronic schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2015;41(3):597–603."
        },
        {
          "study": "Weisman de Mamani,2014",
          "ref": "Weisman de Mamani, A., Weintraub, M. J., Gurak, K., & Maura, J. (2014). A randomized clinical trial to test the efficacy of a family-focused, culturally informed therapy for schizophrenia. Journal of Family Psychology, 28(6), 800. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Wykes,1999",
          "ref": "Wykes T, Reeder C, Corner J, Wuliams C, Everitt B. The effects of neurocognitive remediation on executive processing in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1999;25(2):291–308."
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        },
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          "ref": "Davidson, J. R., Foa, E. B., Huppert, J. D., Keefe, F. J., Franklin, M. E., Compton, J. S., Zhao, N., Connor, K. M., Lynch, T. R., & Gadde, K. M. (2004). Fluoxetine, comprehensive cognitive behavioral therapy, and placebo in generalized social phobia. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 61(10), 1005-1013. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.61.10.1005 "
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 310,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 50,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 7.076,
      "lo": 6.377,
      "hi": 7.852,
      "tau2": 0.1283,
      "tau2w": null,
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      "phi": 14.388,
      "i2": 96,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 311,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Three-level CHE model",
      "k": 50,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 7.076,
      "lo": 6.36,
      "hi": 7.873,
      "tau2": 0.1283,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 3.48,
      "phi": 14.388,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 312,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Fixed-effect",
      "k": 50,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 7.062,
      "lo": 6.923,
      "hi": 7.204,
      "tau2": null,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": null,
      "phi": null,
      "i2": 94.4,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 313,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Outliers removed (sensitivity)",
      "k": 31,
      "k_es": 34,
      "sd": 7.149,
      "lo": 6.8,
      "hi": 7.517,
      "tau2": 0.0107,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 5.803,
      "phi": 8.808,
      "i2": 69,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 314,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Influence analysis (sensitivity)",
      "k": 49,
      "k_es": 52,
      "sd": 7.242,
      "lo": 6.581,
      "hi": 7.969,
      "tau2": 0.1044,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.817,
      "phi": 13.74,
      "i2": 95.2,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 315,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Age group",
      "sgv": "Adolescents",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 3,
      "k_es": 3,
      "sd": 9.034,
      "lo": 5.177,
      "hi": 15.764,
      "tau2": 0.2313,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.023,
      "phi": 26.995,
      "i2": 95.9,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 316,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Age group",
      "sgv": "Adolescents",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 50,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 7.076,
      "lo": 6.36,
      "hi": 7.873,
      "tau2": 0.1283,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 3.48,
      "phi": 14.388,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 317,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Age group",
      "sgv": "Adults",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 40,
      "k_es": 43,
      "sd": 6.916,
      "lo": 6.15,
      "hi": 7.776,
      "tau2": 0.1302,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.376,
      "phi": 14.165,
      "i2": 96.3,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 318,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Age group",
      "sgv": "Adults",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 50,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 7.076,
      "lo": 6.36,
      "hi": 7.873,
      "tau2": 0.1283,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 3.48,
      "phi": 14.388,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 319,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Age group",
      "sgv": "Young adults",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 6,
      "k_es": 6,
      "sd": 7.092,
      "lo": 5.386,
      "hi": 9.34,
      "tau2": 0.1077,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.523,
      "phi": 14.279,
      "i2": 93.5,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 320,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Age group",
      "sgv": "Young adults",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 50,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 7.076,
      "lo": 6.36,
      "hi": 7.873,
      "tau2": 0.1283,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 3.48,
      "phi": 14.388,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 321,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Control condition",
      "sgv": "Care as usual",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 32,
      "k_es": 34,
      "sd": 7.438,
      "lo": 6.63,
      "hi": 8.345,
      "tau2": 0.0995,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.966,
      "phi": 13.95,
      "i2": 95.7,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 322,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Control condition",
      "sgv": "Care as usual",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 50,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 7.076,
      "lo": 6.36,
      "hi": 7.873,
      "tau2": 0.1283,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 3.48,
      "phi": 14.388,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 323,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Control condition",
      "sgv": "Other",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 7,
      "k_es": 8,
      "sd": 8.225,
      "lo": 7.153,
      "hi": 9.458,
      "tau2": 0.0258,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 5.828,
      "phi": 11.608,
      "i2": 82.8,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 324,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Control condition",
      "sgv": "Other",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 50,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 7.076,
      "lo": 6.36,
      "hi": 7.873,
      "tau2": 0.1283,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 3.48,
      "phi": 14.388,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 325,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Control condition",
      "sgv": "Waitlist",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 11,
      "k_es": 11,
      "sd": 5.499,
      "lo": 4.097,
      "hi": 7.382,
      "tau2": 0.2308,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 2.051,
      "phi": 14.748,
      "i2": 93.7,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 326,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Control condition",
      "sgv": "Waitlist",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 50,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 7.076,
      "lo": 6.36,
      "hi": 7.873,
      "tau2": 0.1283,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 3.48,
      "phi": 14.388,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 327,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "Asia",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 3,
      "k_es": 3,
      "sd": 6.527,
      "lo": 4.302,
      "hi": 9.903,
      "tau2": 0.128,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 2.887,
      "phi": 14.756,
      "i2": 94.3,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 328,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "Asia",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 50,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 7.076,
      "lo": 6.36,
      "hi": 7.873,
      "tau2": 0.1283,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 3.48,
      "phi": 14.388,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 329,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "Europe",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 11,
      "k_es": 11,
      "sd": 7.999,
      "lo": 6.12,
      "hi": 10.455,
      "tau2": 0.1914,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.258,
      "phi": 19.644,
      "i2": 96.3,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 330,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "Europe",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 50,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 7.076,
      "lo": 6.36,
      "hi": 7.873,
      "tau2": 0.1283,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 3.48,
      "phi": 14.388,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 331,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "North America",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 16,
      "k_es": 19,
      "sd": 7.651,
      "lo": 6.45,
      "hi": 9.077,
      "tau2": 0.11,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.907,
      "phi": 14.985,
      "i2": 94.8,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 332,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "North America",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 50,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 7.076,
      "lo": 6.36,
      "hi": 7.873,
      "tau2": 0.1283,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 3.48,
      "phi": 14.388,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 333,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "Other",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 20,
      "k_es": 20,
      "sd": 6.291,
      "lo": 5.402,
      "hi": 7.326,
      "tau2": 0.1074,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.251,
      "phi": 12.173,
      "i2": 95.8,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 334,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "Other",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 50,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 7.076,
      "lo": 6.36,
      "hi": 7.873,
      "tau2": 0.1283,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 3.48,
      "phi": 14.388,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 335,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Format",
      "sgv": "Group",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 13,
      "k_es": 13,
      "sd": 6.464,
      "lo": 4.928,
      "hi": 8.477,
      "tau2": 0.2375,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 2.395,
      "phi": 17.445,
      "i2": 97.6,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 336,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Format",
      "sgv": "Group",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 50,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 7.076,
      "lo": 6.36,
      "hi": 7.873,
      "tau2": 0.1283,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 3.48,
      "phi": 14.388,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 337,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Format",
      "sgv": "Individual",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 32,
      "k_es": 35,
      "sd": 7.292,
      "lo": 6.558,
      "hi": 8.108,
      "tau2": 0.0804,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 4.142,
      "phi": 12.838,
      "i2": 93.6,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 338,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Format",
      "sgv": "Individual",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 50,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 7.076,
      "lo": 6.36,
      "hi": 7.873,
      "tau2": 0.1283,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 3.48,
      "phi": 14.388,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 339,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Format",
      "sgv": "Other",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 5,
      "k_es": 5,
      "sd": 7.58,
      "lo": 5.183,
      "hi": 11.086,
      "tau2": 0.1792,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.043,
      "phi": 18.882,
      "i2": 96.8,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 340,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Format",
      "sgv": "Other",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 50,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 7.076,
      "lo": 6.36,
      "hi": 7.873,
      "tau2": 0.1283,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 3.48,
      "phi": 14.388,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 341,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Recruitment",
      "sgv": "Clinic",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 27,
      "k_es": 30,
      "sd": 7.224,
      "lo": 6.416,
      "hi": 8.133,
      "tau2": 0.0883,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.987,
      "phi": 13.09,
      "i2": 94.8,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 342,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Recruitment",
      "sgv": "Clinic",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 50,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 7.076,
      "lo": 6.36,
      "hi": 7.873,
      "tau2": 0.1283,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 3.48,
      "phi": 14.388,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 343,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Recruitment",
      "sgv": "Community",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 5,
      "k_es": 5,
      "sd": 5.374,
      "lo": 4.213,
      "hi": 6.855,
      "tau2": 0.055,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.195,
      "phi": 9.039,
      "i2": 76.5,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 344,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Recruitment",
      "sgv": "Community",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 50,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 7.076,
      "lo": 6.36,
      "hi": 7.873,
      "tau2": 0.1283,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 3.48,
      "phi": 14.388,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 345,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Recruitment",
      "sgv": "Other",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 17,
      "k_es": 17,
      "sd": 7.435,
      "lo": 5.928,
      "hi": 9.325,
      "tau2": 0.2138,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 2.921,
      "phi": 18.922,
      "i2": 97.3,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 346,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Recruitment",
      "sgv": "Other",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 50,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 7.076,
      "lo": 6.36,
      "hi": 7.873,
      "tau2": 0.1283,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 3.48,
      "phi": 14.388,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 347,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Not low risk of bias",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 48,
      "k_es": 51,
      "sd": 7.234,
      "lo": 6.54,
      "hi": 8.001,
      "tau2": 0.1141,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 3.703,
      "phi": 14.134,
      "i2": 95.5,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 348,
      "instr": "BSS",
      "full": "Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Risk of Bias",
      "sgv": "Not low risk of bias",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 50,
      "k_es": 53,
      "sd": 7.076,
      "lo": 6.36,
      "hi": 7.873,
      "tau2": 0.1283,
      "tau2w": 0,
      "plo": 3.48,
      "phi": 14.388,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Alavi 2013",
          "ref": "Alavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness of the adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(4), 467–472."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ardashir 2018",
          "ref": "Afrasiabifar, Ardashir & Hosseini, Nazafarin & Haghgoo, Amin. (2018). The Effects of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (GCBT) on Suicidal Thoughts in Patients with Major Depression. World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 16. 228-235. 10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93293."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bannan 2010",
          "ref": "Bannan, Noreen, (2010), Group-based problem-solving therapy in self- poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10 doi: 10.1080/14733140903337292."
        },
        {
          "study": "Barnhofer 2009",
          "ref": "Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blomdahl 2018",
          "ref": "Blomdahl, C., Guregård, S., Rusner, M., & Wijk, H. (2018). A manual-based phenomenological art therapy for individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression (PATd): A randomized controlled study. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 41(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000300"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brenner 2018",
          "ref": "Brenner, L. A., Forster, J. E., Hoffberg, A. S., Matarazzo, B. B., Hostetter, T. A., Signoracci, G., & Simpson, G. K. (2018). Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 33(2), E64–E73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000351"
        },
        {
          "study": "Britton 2020",
          "ref": "Britton, P. C., Conner, K. R., Chapman, B. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2020). Motivational interviewing to address suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial in veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 233-248."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bryan 2017",
          "ref": "Bryan, C. J., Mintz, J., Clemans, T. A., Leeson, B., Burch, T. S., Williams, S. R., Maney, E., & Rudd, M. D. (2017). Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 212, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028"
        },
        {
          "study": "Chanen 2022",
          "ref": "Chanen, A. M., Betts, J. K., Jackson, H., Cotton, S. M., Gleeson, J., Davey, C. G., ... & McCutcheon, L. (2022). Effect of 3 forms of early intervention for young people with borderline personality disorder: The MOBY randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 109-119."
        },
        {
          "study": "Conner 2021",
          "ref": "Conner, K. R., Kearns, J. C., Esposito, E. C., Pizzarello, E., Wiegand, T. J., Britton, P. C., ... & Goldston, D. B. (2021). Pilot RCT of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) adapted for rapid delivery during hospitalization to adult suicide attempt patients with substance use problems. General hospital psychiatry, 72, 66-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Daneshvar 2022",
          "ref": "Daneshvar, S., Shafiei, M., & Basharpoor, S. (2022). Compassion-focused therapy: Proof of concept trial on suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in female survivors of intimate partner violence with PTSD. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(11-12), NP9613-NP9634."
        },
        {
          "study": "Davidson 2014",
          "ref": "Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: a feasibility trial. Psychiatric bulletin (2014), 38(3), 108– 111. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109"
        },
        {
          "study": "Diamond 2010",
          "ref": "Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010). Attachment-based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-201002000-00006"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ducasse 2019",
          "ref": "Ducasse, D., Dassa, D., Courtet, P., Brand-Arpon, V., Walter, A., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., & Olié, E. (2019). Gratitude diary for the management of suicidal inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and anxiety, 36(5), 400–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22877"
        },
        {
          "study": "Eylem 2021",
          "ref": "Eylem, O., van Straten, A., Bhui, K., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2015). Protocol: Reducing suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: effectiveness of an online intervention. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 27(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.996121"
        },
        {
          "study": "Fereidouni 2019",
          "ref": "Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M., Jahanfar, A., & Dehghan, A. (2019). The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on the severity of suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2459-2466."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway 2018",
          "ref": "Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., ... & Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46-53."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guthrie 2001",
          "ref": "Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., Marino-Francis, F., Sanderson, S., Turpin, C., Boddy, G., & Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7305), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135"
        },
        {
          "study": "Hatcher 2011",
          "ref": "Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., & Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen randomised controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 199(4), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090126"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2014",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., Hamirani, M., Chaudhry, N., Fatima, B., Husain, M., Naeem, F., & Chaudhry,B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 204(6), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370"
        },
        {
          "study": "Husain 2023",
          "ref": "Husain, N., Kiran, T., Chaudhry, I. B., Williams, C., Emsley, R., Arshad, U., ... & Chaudhry, N. (2023). A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC medicine, 21(1), 282."
        },
        {
          "study": "Interian 2021",
          "ref": "Interian, A., Chesin, M. S., Stanley, B., Latorre, M., Hill, L. M. S., Miller, R. B., ... & Kline, A. (2021). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicide in military veterans: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5), 36479."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jamshidi 2020",
          "ref": "Jamshidi, F., Rajabi, S., & Dehghani, Y. (2021). How to heal their psychological wounds? effectiveness of EMDR therapy on post‐traumatic stress symptoms, mind‐wandering and suicidal ideation in Iranian child abuse victims. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 412-421."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson (J) 2019",
          "ref": "Johnson, J. E., Stout, R. L., Miller, T. R., Zlotnick, C., Cerbo, L. A., Andrade,J. T., Nargiso, J., Bonner, J., & Wiltsey-Stirman, S. (2019). Randomized cost- effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 87(4), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000379"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kaslow 2010",
          "ref": "Kaslow, N. J., Leiner, A. S., Reviere, S., Jackson, E., Bethea, K., Bhaju, J., Rhodes, M., Gantt, M. J., Senter, H., & Thompson, M. P. (2010). Suicidal, abused African American women's response to a culturally informed intervention. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019692"
        },
        {
          "study": "LaCroix 2018",
          "ref": "LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological services, 15(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000224 100.Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E.,"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lin (C-J) 2020",
          "ref": "Lin, C. J., Huang, Y. H., Huang, K. Y., Wu, S. I., Chang, Y. H., Yeh, H. M., ... & Liu, S. I. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of transcultural validation of group-based psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113139."
        },
        {
          "study": "LoParo 2018",
          "ref": "LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., Patterson, B., Negi, L. T., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). The efficacy of cognitively-based compassion training for African American suicide attempters. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1941–1954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0940-1"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 men",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Marasinghe 2012 women",
          "ref": "Marasinghe, R. B., Edirippulige, S., Kavanagh, D., Smith, A., & Jiffry, M. T. (2012). Effect of mobile phone-based psychotherapy in suicide prevention: a randomized controlled trial in Sri Lanka. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 18(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.SFT107"
        },
        {
          "study": "Morley 2014",
          "ref": "Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: a multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(1), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035310"
        },
        {
          "study": "Patsiokas 1985",
          "ref": "Patsiokas, A. T., & Clum, G. A. (1985). Effects of psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of suicide attempters. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085507"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pfeiffer 2019",
          "ref": "Pfeiffer, P. N., King, C., Ilgen, M., Ganoczy, D., Clive, R., Garlick, J., Abraham, K., Kim, H. M., Vega, E., Ahmedani, B., & Valenstein, M. (2019). Development and pilot study of a suicide prevention intervention delivered by peer support specialists. Psychological services, 16(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000257"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pistorello 2020",
          "ref": "Pistorello, J., Jobes, D. A., Gallop, R., Compton, S. N., Locey, N. S., Au, J. S., Noose, S. K., Walloch, J. C., Johnson, J., Young, M., Dickens, Y., Chatham, P., & Jeffcoat, T. (2021). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College Students. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 25(4), 765–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pratt 2015",
          "ref": "Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001348"
        },
        {
          "study": "Rahnama 2016",
          "ref": "Rahnama, Shirin & Tarkhan, Morteza & Khalatbari, Javad. (2013). Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy on Suicidal Ideation in Individuals with Suicide Attempt History. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 84. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.706."
        },
        {
          "study": "Samaraweera 2007",
          "ref": "Samaraweera, S., Sivayogan, S., Sumathipala, A., Bhugra, D., & Siribaddana,S. (2007). RCT of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632007000300001"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sedghy 2022",
          "ref": "Sedghy, Z., Yoosefi, N., & Navidian, A. (2020). The effect of motivational interviewing-based training on the rate of using mental health services and intensity of suicidal ideation in individuals with suicide attempt admitted to the emergency department. Journal of education and health promotion, 9."
        },
        {
          "study": "Shaygan 2022",
          "ref": "Shaygan, M., Sheybani Negad, S., & Motazedian, S. (2022). The effect of combined sertraline and positive psychotherapy on hopelessness and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(5), 655-664."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sheaves 2019",
          "ref": "Sheaves, B., Holmes, E. A., Rek, S., Taylor, K. M., Nickless, A., Waite, F., Germain, A., Espie, C. A., Harrison, P. J., Foster, R., & Freeman, D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 64(10), 686–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719847422"
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson 2011",
          "ref": "Simpson, G. K., Tate, R. L., Whiting, D. L., & Cotter, R. E. (2011). Suicide prevention after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial of a program for the psychological treatment of hopelessness. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 26(4), 290–300."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sinniah 2017",
          "ref": "Sinniah, A., Oei, T., Maniam, T., & Subramaniam, P. (2017). Positive effects of Individual Cognitive Behavior Therapy for patients with unipolar mood disorders with suicidal ideation in Malaysia: A randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry research, 254, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.026"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tang 2009",
          "ref": "Tang, T. C., Jou, S. H., Ko, C. H., Huang, S. Y., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Randomized study of school-based intensive interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents with suicidal risk and parasuicide behaviors. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440- 1819.2009.01991.x"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tarrier 2014",
          "ref": "Tarrier, N., Kelly, J., Maqsood, S., Snelson, N., Maxwell, J., Law, H., Dunn, G., & Gooding, P. (2014). The cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis: a clinical trial. Schizophrenia research, 156(2-3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.029"
        },
        {
          "study": "Turner 2000",
          "ref": "Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapyoriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077- 7229(00)80052-8"
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Beek 2013",
          "ref": "Van Beek, W. Future thinking in suicidal patients, Ede: Print Service Ede B.V. , 2013, p226."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker 2016",
          "ref": "Walker, T., Shaw, J., Turpin, C., Reid, C., & Abel, K. (2017). The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(2), 158-171."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ward-Ciesielski 2017",
          "ref": "Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., Tidik, J. A., Edwards, A. J., & Linehan, M. M. (2017).Comparing brief interventions for suicidal individuals not engaged in treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of affective disorders, 222, 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.011"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wilks 2018",
          "ref": "Wilks, C. R., Lungu, A., Ang, S. Y., Matsumiya, B., Yin, Q., & Linehan, M.M. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of an Internet delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training for suicidal and heavy episodic drinkers. Journal of affective disorders, 232, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.053"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wu (R) 2021",
          "ref": "Wu, R., Zhong, S. Y., Wang, G. H., Wu, M. Y., Xu, J. F., Zhu, H., ... & Jiang, C. L. (2023). The effect of brief mindfulness meditation on suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. Archives of suicide research, 27(2), 215-230."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 349,
      "instr": "CAPS",
      "full": "Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 34,
      "k_es": 43,
      "sd": 21.757,
      "lo": 19.526,
      "hi": 24.242,
      "tau2": 0.0895,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 11.986,
      "phi": 39.493,
      "i2": 90.6,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Asukai, 2010",
          "ref": "Asukai N, Saito A, Tsuruta N, et al. Efficacy of exposure therapy for Japanese patients with posttraumatic stress disorder due to mixed traumatic events: A randomized controlled study. J Trauma Stress. 2010 Dec;23(6):744-50. doi: 10.1002/jts.20589. PMID: 21171135."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basoglu, 2005",
          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M, et al. Single-session behavioral treatment of earthquake-related posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized waiting list controlled trial. J Trauma Stress. 2005;18(1):1-11. doi: 10.1002/jts.20011. PMID: 16281190."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basoglu, 2007",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Beck, 2009",
          "ref": "Beck JG, Coffey SF, Foy DW, et al. Group cognitive behavior therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: an initial randomized pilot study. Behav Ther. 2009 Mar;40(1):82-92. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2008.01.003. PMID: 19187819."
        },
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          "study": "Blanchard, 2003",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Bohus, 2013",
          "ref": "Bohus MJ, Dyer AS, Priebe K, et al. Dialectical behaviour therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder after childhood sexual abuse in patients with and without borderline personality disorder: a randomised controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2013 Jun;82(4):221-33. doi: 10.1159/000348451. PMID: 23712109."
        },
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          "study": "Bradshaw, 2014",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Chard, 2005",
          "ref": "Chard KM. An evaluation of cognitive processing therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Oct;73(5):965-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.5.965. PMID: 16287396."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cloitre, 2002",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Ehlers, 2003",
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        },
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          "study": "Ehlers, 2014",
          "ref": "Ehlers A, Hackmann A, Grey N, et al. A randomized controlled trial of 7-day intensive and standard weekly cognitive therapy for PTSD and emotion-focused supportive therapy. Am J Psychiatry. 2014 Mar;171(3):294-304. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13040552. PMID: 24480899."
        },
        {
          "study": "ElBarazi, 2022",
          "ref": "ElBarazi A, Badary OA, Elmazar MM, et al. Cognitive Processing Therapy versus medication for the treatment of comorbid substance use disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder in Egyptian patients (randomized clinical trial). Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies. 2022;22(2):63-90. doi: 10.24193/jebp.2022.2.13."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fecteau, 1999",
          "ref": "Fecteau GW, Nicki RM. Cognitive behavioural treatment of post traumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accident. Behav. Cogn. Psychother. 1999 Jul;27(3):201-14."
        },
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          "study": "Fonzo, 2017",
          "ref": "Fonzo GA, Goodkind MS, Oathes DJ, et al. PTSD psychotherapy outcome predicted by brain activation during emotional reactivity and regulation. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Dec 1;174(12):1163-74. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091072. PMID: 28715908."
        },
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          "study": "Franklin, 2017",
          "ref": "Franklin CL, Cuccurullo LA, Walton JL, et al. Face to face but not in the same place: a pilot study of prolonged exposure therapy. J Trauma Dissociation. 2017 Jan-Feb;18(1):116-30. doi: 10.1080/15299732.2016.1205704. PMID: 27348462."
        },
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          "study": "Hinton, 2009",
          "ref": "Hinton DE, Hofmann SG, Pollack MH, et al. Mechanisms of efficacy of CBT for Cambodian refugees with PTSD: improvement in emotion regulation and orthostatic blood pressure response. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2009 Fall;15(3):255-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2009.00100.x. PMID: 19691545."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jacob, 2014",
          "ref": "Jacob N, Neuner F, Maedl A, et al. Dissemination of psychotherapy for trauma spectrum disorders in postconflict settings: a randomized controlled trial in Rwanda. Psychother Psychosom. 2014 Nov;83(6):354-63. doi: 10.1159/000365114. PMID: 25323203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnson DM, Zlotnick C, Perez SK. Cognitive behavioral treatment of PTSD in residents of battered women's shelters: results of a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2011 Aug;79(4):542-51. doi: 10.1037/a0023822. PMID: 21787052."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kubany, 2004",
          "ref": "Kubany ES, Hill EE, Owens JA, et al. Cognitive trauma therapy for battered women with PTSD (CTT-BW). J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004 Feb;72(1):3-18. doi: 10.1037/0022-006x.72.1.3. PMID: 14756610."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lewis, 2017",
          "ref": "Lewis CE, Farewell D, Groves V, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety. 2017 Jun;34(6):555-65. doi: 10.1002/da.22645. PMID: 28557299."
        },
        {
          "study": "McDonagh, 2005",
          "ref": "McDonagh A, Friedman MJ, McHugo GJ, et al. Randomized trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Jun;73(3):515-24. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.3.515. PMID: 15982149."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLay, 2011",
          "ref": "McLay RN, Wood DP, Webb-Murphy JA, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of virtual reality-graded exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in active duty service members with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011 Apr;14(4):223-9. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0003. PMID: 21332375."
        },
        {
          "study": "Miyahira, 2012",
          "ref": "Miyahira SD, Folen RA, Hoffman HG, et al. The effectiveness of VR exposure therapy for PTSD in returning warfighters. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2012;181:128-32. PMID: 22954842."
        },
        {
          "study": "Monson, 2012a",
          "ref": "Monson CM, Fredman SJ, Macdonald A, et al. Effect of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy for PTSD: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012 Aug 15;308(7):700-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.9307. PMID: 22893167."
        },
        {
          "study": "Morath, 2014",
          "ref": "Morath J, Gola H, Sommershof A, et al. The effect of trauma-focused therapy on the altered T cell distribution in individuals with PTSD: evidence from a randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res. 2014 Jul;54:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.03.016. PMID: 24726027."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mueser, 2008",
          "ref": "Mueser KT, Rosenberg SD, Xie HY, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in severe mental illness. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008 Apr;76(2):259-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.259. PMID: 18377122."
        },
        {
          "study": "Raabe, 2022",
          "ref": "Raabe S, Ehring T, Marquenie L, et al. Imagery rescripting as a stand-alone treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse: a randomized controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2022;77:101769. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101769. PMID: 36113906."
        },
        {
          "study": "Reger, 2016",
          "ref": "Reger GM, Koenen-Woods P, Zetocha K, et al. Randomized controlled trial of prolonged exposure using imaginal exposure vs. virtual reality exposure in active duty soldiers with deployment-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). J Consult Clin. Psychol. 2016 Nov;84(11):946-59. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000134. PMID: 27606699."
        },
        {
          "study": "Resick, 2002",
          "ref": "Resick PA, Nishith P, Weaver TL, et al. A comparison of cognitive-processing therapy with prolonged exposure and a waiting condition for the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in female rape victims. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Aug;70(4):867-79. PMID: 12182270."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson, 2022",
          "ref": "Simpson TL, Kaysen DL, Fleming CB, et al. Cognitive processing therapy or relapse prevention for comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorder: a randomized clinical trial. PLoS One. 2022;17(11):e0276111. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276111. PMID: 36445895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Kolk, 2007",
          "ref": "Van der Kolk BA, Spinazzola J, Blaustein ME, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), fluoxetine, and pill placebo in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: treatment effects and long-term maintenance. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007 Jan;68(1):37-46. doi: 10.4088/JCP.v68n0105. PMID: 17284128."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2011",
          "ref": "Vera M, Reyes-Rabanillo ML, Juarbe D, et al. Prolonged exposure for the treatment of Spanish-speaking Puerto Ricans with posttraumatic stress disorder: a feasibility study. BMC Res. Notes. 2011 Oct 17;4:415. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-415. PMID: 22005187."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wagner, 2019",
          "ref": "Wagner AW, Jakupcak M, Kowalski HM, et al. Behavioral activation as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder among returning veterans: a randomized trial. Psychiatr Serv. 2019 Oct 1;70(10):867-73. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201800572. PMID: 31337325."
        },
        {
          "study": "van den Berg, 2015",
          "ref": "van den Berg DP, de Bont PA, van der Vleugel BM, et al. Prolonged exposure vs Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing vs waiting list for posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with a psychotic disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015 Mar;72(3):259-67. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2637. PMID: 25607833."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "CAPS",
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      "sg": "No subgroup",
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      "k_es": 43,
      "sd": 21.757,
      "lo": 19.445,
      "hi": 24.344,
      "tau2": 0.0895,
      "tau2w": 0,
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      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Asukai, 2010",
          "ref": "Asukai N, Saito A, Tsuruta N, et al. Efficacy of exposure therapy for Japanese patients with posttraumatic stress disorder due to mixed traumatic events: A randomized controlled study. J Trauma Stress. 2010 Dec;23(6):744-50. doi: 10.1002/jts.20589. PMID: 21171135."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basoglu, 2005",
          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M, et al. Single-session behavioral treatment of earthquake-related posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized waiting list controlled trial. J Trauma Stress. 2005;18(1):1-11. doi: 10.1002/jts.20011. PMID: 16281190."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basoglu, 2007",
          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M. A randomized controlled study of single-session behavioural treatment of earthquake-related post-traumatic stress disorder using an earthquake simulator. Psychological Medicine. 2007;37(2):203-13. doi: 10.1017/S0033291706009123. PMID: 17254365."
        },
        {
          "study": "Beck, 2009",
          "ref": "Beck JG, Coffey SF, Foy DW, et al. Group cognitive behavior therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: an initial randomized pilot study. Behav Ther. 2009 Mar;40(1):82-92. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2008.01.003. PMID: 19187819."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanchard, 2003",
          "ref": "Blanchard EB, Hickling EJ, Devineni T, et al. A controlled evaluation of cognitive behavioural therapy for posttraumatic stress in motor vehicle accident survivors. Behav Res Ther. 2003 Jan;41(1):79-96. PMID: 12488121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bohus, 2013",
          "ref": "Bohus MJ, Dyer AS, Priebe K, et al. Dialectical behaviour therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder after childhood sexual abuse in patients with and without borderline personality disorder: a randomised controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2013 Jun;82(4):221-33. doi: 10.1159/000348451. PMID: 23712109."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bradshaw, 2014",
          "ref": "Bradshaw RA, McDonald MJ, Grace R, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Observed and Experiential Integration (OEI): a simple, innovative intervention for affect regulation in clients with PTSD. Traumatology (Tallahass Fla). 2014 Sep;20(3):161-71. doi: 10.1037/h0099401."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chard, 2005",
          "ref": "Chard KM. An evaluation of cognitive processing therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Oct;73(5):965-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.5.965. PMID: 16287396."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cloitre, 2002",
          "ref": "Cloitre M, Koenen KC, Cohen LR, et al. Skills training in affective and interpersonal regulation followed by exposure: a phase-based treatment for PTSD related to childhood abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Oct;70(5):1067-74. doi: 10.1037//0022-006X.70.5.1067. PMID: 12362957."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ehlers, 2003",
          "ref": "Ehlers A, Clark DM, Hackmann A, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive therapy, a self-help booklet, and repeated assessments as early interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60(10):1024-32. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.60.10.1024. PMID: 14557148."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ehlers, 2014",
          "ref": "Ehlers A, Hackmann A, Grey N, et al. A randomized controlled trial of 7-day intensive and standard weekly cognitive therapy for PTSD and emotion-focused supportive therapy. Am J Psychiatry. 2014 Mar;171(3):294-304. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13040552. PMID: 24480899."
        },
        {
          "study": "ElBarazi, 2022",
          "ref": "ElBarazi A, Badary OA, Elmazar MM, et al. Cognitive Processing Therapy versus medication for the treatment of comorbid substance use disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder in Egyptian patients (randomized clinical trial). Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies. 2022;22(2):63-90. doi: 10.24193/jebp.2022.2.13."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fecteau, 1999",
          "ref": "Fecteau GW, Nicki RM. Cognitive behavioural treatment of post traumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accident. Behav. Cogn. Psychother. 1999 Jul;27(3):201-14."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonzo, 2017",
          "ref": "Fonzo GA, Goodkind MS, Oathes DJ, et al. PTSD psychotherapy outcome predicted by brain activation during emotional reactivity and regulation. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Dec 1;174(12):1163-74. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091072. PMID: 28715908."
        },
        {
          "study": "Franklin, 2017",
          "ref": "Franklin CL, Cuccurullo LA, Walton JL, et al. Face to face but not in the same place: a pilot study of prolonged exposure therapy. J Trauma Dissociation. 2017 Jan-Feb;18(1):116-30. doi: 10.1080/15299732.2016.1205704. PMID: 27348462."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hinton, 2009",
          "ref": "Hinton DE, Hofmann SG, Pollack MH, et al. Mechanisms of efficacy of CBT for Cambodian refugees with PTSD: improvement in emotion regulation and orthostatic blood pressure response. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2009 Fall;15(3):255-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2009.00100.x. PMID: 19691545."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jacob, 2014",
          "ref": "Jacob N, Neuner F, Maedl A, et al. Dissemination of psychotherapy for trauma spectrum disorders in postconflict settings: a randomized controlled trial in Rwanda. Psychother Psychosom. 2014 Nov;83(6):354-63. doi: 10.1159/000365114. PMID: 25323203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnson DM, Zlotnick C, Perez SK. Cognitive behavioral treatment of PTSD in residents of battered women's shelters: results of a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2011 Aug;79(4):542-51. doi: 10.1037/a0023822. PMID: 21787052."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kubany, 2004",
          "ref": "Kubany ES, Hill EE, Owens JA, et al. Cognitive trauma therapy for battered women with PTSD (CTT-BW). J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004 Feb;72(1):3-18. doi: 10.1037/0022-006x.72.1.3. PMID: 14756610."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lewis, 2017",
          "ref": "Lewis CE, Farewell D, Groves V, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety. 2017 Jun;34(6):555-65. doi: 10.1002/da.22645. PMID: 28557299."
        },
        {
          "study": "McDonagh, 2005",
          "ref": "McDonagh A, Friedman MJ, McHugo GJ, et al. Randomized trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Jun;73(3):515-24. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.3.515. PMID: 15982149."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLay, 2011",
          "ref": "McLay RN, Wood DP, Webb-Murphy JA, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of virtual reality-graded exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in active duty service members with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011 Apr;14(4):223-9. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0003. PMID: 21332375."
        },
        {
          "study": "Miyahira, 2012",
          "ref": "Miyahira SD, Folen RA, Hoffman HG, et al. The effectiveness of VR exposure therapy for PTSD in returning warfighters. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2012;181:128-32. PMID: 22954842."
        },
        {
          "study": "Monson, 2012a",
          "ref": "Monson CM, Fredman SJ, Macdonald A, et al. Effect of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy for PTSD: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012 Aug 15;308(7):700-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.9307. PMID: 22893167."
        },
        {
          "study": "Morath, 2014",
          "ref": "Morath J, Gola H, Sommershof A, et al. The effect of trauma-focused therapy on the altered T cell distribution in individuals with PTSD: evidence from a randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res. 2014 Jul;54:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.03.016. PMID: 24726027."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mueser, 2008",
          "ref": "Mueser KT, Rosenberg SD, Xie HY, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in severe mental illness. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008 Apr;76(2):259-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.259. PMID: 18377122."
        },
        {
          "study": "Raabe, 2022",
          "ref": "Raabe S, Ehring T, Marquenie L, et al. Imagery rescripting as a stand-alone treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse: a randomized controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2022;77:101769. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101769. PMID: 36113906."
        },
        {
          "study": "Reger, 2016",
          "ref": "Reger GM, Koenen-Woods P, Zetocha K, et al. Randomized controlled trial of prolonged exposure using imaginal exposure vs. virtual reality exposure in active duty soldiers with deployment-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). J Consult Clin. Psychol. 2016 Nov;84(11):946-59. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000134. PMID: 27606699."
        },
        {
          "study": "Resick, 2002",
          "ref": "Resick PA, Nishith P, Weaver TL, et al. A comparison of cognitive-processing therapy with prolonged exposure and a waiting condition for the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in female rape victims. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Aug;70(4):867-79. PMID: 12182270."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson, 2022",
          "ref": "Simpson TL, Kaysen DL, Fleming CB, et al. Cognitive processing therapy or relapse prevention for comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorder: a randomized clinical trial. PLoS One. 2022;17(11):e0276111. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276111. PMID: 36445895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Kolk, 2007",
          "ref": "Van der Kolk BA, Spinazzola J, Blaustein ME, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), fluoxetine, and pill placebo in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: treatment effects and long-term maintenance. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007 Jan;68(1):37-46. doi: 10.4088/JCP.v68n0105. PMID: 17284128."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2011",
          "ref": "Vera M, Reyes-Rabanillo ML, Juarbe D, et al. Prolonged exposure for the treatment of Spanish-speaking Puerto Ricans with posttraumatic stress disorder: a feasibility study. BMC Res. Notes. 2011 Oct 17;4:415. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-415. PMID: 22005187."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wagner, 2019",
          "ref": "Wagner AW, Jakupcak M, Kowalski HM, et al. Behavioral activation as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder among returning veterans: a randomized trial. Psychiatr Serv. 2019 Oct 1;70(10):867-73. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201800572. PMID: 31337325."
        },
        {
          "study": "van den Berg, 2015",
          "ref": "van den Berg DP, de Bont PA, van der Vleugel BM, et al. Prolonged exposure vs Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing vs waiting list for posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with a psychotic disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015 Mar;72(3):259-67. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2637. PMID: 25607833."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 351,
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      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
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        {
          "study": "Asukai, 2010",
          "ref": "Asukai N, Saito A, Tsuruta N, et al. Efficacy of exposure therapy for Japanese patients with posttraumatic stress disorder due to mixed traumatic events: A randomized controlled study. J Trauma Stress. 2010 Dec;23(6):744-50. doi: 10.1002/jts.20589. PMID: 21171135."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basoglu, 2005",
          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M, et al. Single-session behavioral treatment of earthquake-related posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized waiting list controlled trial. J Trauma Stress. 2005;18(1):1-11. doi: 10.1002/jts.20011. PMID: 16281190."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basoglu, 2007",
          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M. A randomized controlled study of single-session behavioural treatment of earthquake-related post-traumatic stress disorder using an earthquake simulator. Psychological Medicine. 2007;37(2):203-13. doi: 10.1017/S0033291706009123. PMID: 17254365."
        },
        {
          "study": "Beck, 2009",
          "ref": "Beck JG, Coffey SF, Foy DW, et al. Group cognitive behavior therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: an initial randomized pilot study. Behav Ther. 2009 Mar;40(1):82-92. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2008.01.003. PMID: 19187819."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanchard, 2003",
          "ref": "Blanchard EB, Hickling EJ, Devineni T, et al. A controlled evaluation of cognitive behavioural therapy for posttraumatic stress in motor vehicle accident survivors. Behav Res Ther. 2003 Jan;41(1):79-96. PMID: 12488121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bohus, 2013",
          "ref": "Bohus MJ, Dyer AS, Priebe K, et al. Dialectical behaviour therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder after childhood sexual abuse in patients with and without borderline personality disorder: a randomised controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2013 Jun;82(4):221-33. doi: 10.1159/000348451. PMID: 23712109."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bradshaw, 2014",
          "ref": "Bradshaw RA, McDonald MJ, Grace R, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Observed and Experiential Integration (OEI): a simple, innovative intervention for affect regulation in clients with PTSD. Traumatology (Tallahass Fla). 2014 Sep;20(3):161-71. doi: 10.1037/h0099401."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chard, 2005",
          "ref": "Chard KM. An evaluation of cognitive processing therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Oct;73(5):965-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.5.965. PMID: 16287396."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cloitre, 2002",
          "ref": "Cloitre M, Koenen KC, Cohen LR, et al. Skills training in affective and interpersonal regulation followed by exposure: a phase-based treatment for PTSD related to childhood abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Oct;70(5):1067-74. doi: 10.1037//0022-006X.70.5.1067. PMID: 12362957."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ehlers, 2003",
          "ref": "Ehlers A, Clark DM, Hackmann A, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive therapy, a self-help booklet, and repeated assessments as early interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60(10):1024-32. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.60.10.1024. PMID: 14557148."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ehlers, 2014",
          "ref": "Ehlers A, Hackmann A, Grey N, et al. A randomized controlled trial of 7-day intensive and standard weekly cognitive therapy for PTSD and emotion-focused supportive therapy. Am J Psychiatry. 2014 Mar;171(3):294-304. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13040552. PMID: 24480899."
        },
        {
          "study": "ElBarazi, 2022",
          "ref": "ElBarazi A, Badary OA, Elmazar MM, et al. Cognitive Processing Therapy versus medication for the treatment of comorbid substance use disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder in Egyptian patients (randomized clinical trial). Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies. 2022;22(2):63-90. doi: 10.24193/jebp.2022.2.13."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fecteau, 1999",
          "ref": "Fecteau GW, Nicki RM. Cognitive behavioural treatment of post traumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accident. Behav. Cogn. Psychother. 1999 Jul;27(3):201-14."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonzo, 2017",
          "ref": "Fonzo GA, Goodkind MS, Oathes DJ, et al. PTSD psychotherapy outcome predicted by brain activation during emotional reactivity and regulation. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Dec 1;174(12):1163-74. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091072. PMID: 28715908."
        },
        {
          "study": "Franklin, 2017",
          "ref": "Franklin CL, Cuccurullo LA, Walton JL, et al. Face to face but not in the same place: a pilot study of prolonged exposure therapy. J Trauma Dissociation. 2017 Jan-Feb;18(1):116-30. doi: 10.1080/15299732.2016.1205704. PMID: 27348462."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hinton, 2009",
          "ref": "Hinton DE, Hofmann SG, Pollack MH, et al. Mechanisms of efficacy of CBT for Cambodian refugees with PTSD: improvement in emotion regulation and orthostatic blood pressure response. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2009 Fall;15(3):255-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2009.00100.x. PMID: 19691545."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jacob, 2014",
          "ref": "Jacob N, Neuner F, Maedl A, et al. Dissemination of psychotherapy for trauma spectrum disorders in postconflict settings: a randomized controlled trial in Rwanda. Psychother Psychosom. 2014 Nov;83(6):354-63. doi: 10.1159/000365114. PMID: 25323203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnson DM, Zlotnick C, Perez SK. Cognitive behavioral treatment of PTSD in residents of battered women's shelters: results of a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2011 Aug;79(4):542-51. doi: 10.1037/a0023822. PMID: 21787052."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kubany, 2004",
          "ref": "Kubany ES, Hill EE, Owens JA, et al. Cognitive trauma therapy for battered women with PTSD (CTT-BW). J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004 Feb;72(1):3-18. doi: 10.1037/0022-006x.72.1.3. PMID: 14756610."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lewis, 2017",
          "ref": "Lewis CE, Farewell D, Groves V, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety. 2017 Jun;34(6):555-65. doi: 10.1002/da.22645. PMID: 28557299."
        },
        {
          "study": "McDonagh, 2005",
          "ref": "McDonagh A, Friedman MJ, McHugo GJ, et al. Randomized trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Jun;73(3):515-24. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.3.515. PMID: 15982149."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLay, 2011",
          "ref": "McLay RN, Wood DP, Webb-Murphy JA, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of virtual reality-graded exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in active duty service members with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011 Apr;14(4):223-9. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0003. PMID: 21332375."
        },
        {
          "study": "Miyahira, 2012",
          "ref": "Miyahira SD, Folen RA, Hoffman HG, et al. The effectiveness of VR exposure therapy for PTSD in returning warfighters. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2012;181:128-32. PMID: 22954842."
        },
        {
          "study": "Monson, 2012a",
          "ref": "Monson CM, Fredman SJ, Macdonald A, et al. Effect of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy for PTSD: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012 Aug 15;308(7):700-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.9307. PMID: 22893167."
        },
        {
          "study": "Morath, 2014",
          "ref": "Morath J, Gola H, Sommershof A, et al. The effect of trauma-focused therapy on the altered T cell distribution in individuals with PTSD: evidence from a randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res. 2014 Jul;54:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.03.016. PMID: 24726027."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mueser, 2008",
          "ref": "Mueser KT, Rosenberg SD, Xie HY, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in severe mental illness. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008 Apr;76(2):259-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.259. PMID: 18377122."
        },
        {
          "study": "Raabe, 2022",
          "ref": "Raabe S, Ehring T, Marquenie L, et al. Imagery rescripting as a stand-alone treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse: a randomized controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2022;77:101769. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101769. PMID: 36113906."
        },
        {
          "study": "Reger, 2016",
          "ref": "Reger GM, Koenen-Woods P, Zetocha K, et al. Randomized controlled trial of prolonged exposure using imaginal exposure vs. virtual reality exposure in active duty soldiers with deployment-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). J Consult Clin. Psychol. 2016 Nov;84(11):946-59. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000134. PMID: 27606699."
        },
        {
          "study": "Resick, 2002",
          "ref": "Resick PA, Nishith P, Weaver TL, et al. A comparison of cognitive-processing therapy with prolonged exposure and a waiting condition for the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in female rape victims. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Aug;70(4):867-79. PMID: 12182270."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson, 2022",
          "ref": "Simpson TL, Kaysen DL, Fleming CB, et al. Cognitive processing therapy or relapse prevention for comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorder: a randomized clinical trial. PLoS One. 2022;17(11):e0276111. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276111. PMID: 36445895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Kolk, 2007",
          "ref": "Van der Kolk BA, Spinazzola J, Blaustein ME, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), fluoxetine, and pill placebo in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: treatment effects and long-term maintenance. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007 Jan;68(1):37-46. doi: 10.4088/JCP.v68n0105. PMID: 17284128."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2011",
          "ref": "Vera M, Reyes-Rabanillo ML, Juarbe D, et al. Prolonged exposure for the treatment of Spanish-speaking Puerto Ricans with posttraumatic stress disorder: a feasibility study. BMC Res. Notes. 2011 Oct 17;4:415. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-415. PMID: 22005187."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wagner, 2019",
          "ref": "Wagner AW, Jakupcak M, Kowalski HM, et al. Behavioral activation as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder among returning veterans: a randomized trial. Psychiatr Serv. 2019 Oct 1;70(10):867-73. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201800572. PMID: 31337325."
        },
        {
          "study": "van den Berg, 2015",
          "ref": "van den Berg DP, de Bont PA, van der Vleugel BM, et al. Prolonged exposure vs Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing vs waiting list for posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with a psychotic disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015 Mar;72(3):259-67. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2637. PMID: 25607833."
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    {
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        {
          "study": "Asukai, 2010",
          "ref": "Asukai N, Saito A, Tsuruta N, et al. Efficacy of exposure therapy for Japanese patients with posttraumatic stress disorder due to mixed traumatic events: A randomized controlled study. J Trauma Stress. 2010 Dec;23(6):744-50. doi: 10.1002/jts.20589. PMID: 21171135."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basoglu, 2005",
          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M, et al. Single-session behavioral treatment of earthquake-related posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized waiting list controlled trial. J Trauma Stress. 2005;18(1):1-11. doi: 10.1002/jts.20011. PMID: 16281190."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basoglu, 2007",
          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M. A randomized controlled study of single-session behavioural treatment of earthquake-related post-traumatic stress disorder using an earthquake simulator. Psychological Medicine. 2007;37(2):203-13. doi: 10.1017/S0033291706009123. PMID: 17254365."
        },
        {
          "study": "Beck, 2009",
          "ref": "Beck JG, Coffey SF, Foy DW, et al. Group cognitive behavior therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: an initial randomized pilot study. Behav Ther. 2009 Mar;40(1):82-92. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2008.01.003. PMID: 19187819."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanchard, 2003",
          "ref": "Blanchard EB, Hickling EJ, Devineni T, et al. A controlled evaluation of cognitive behavioural therapy for posttraumatic stress in motor vehicle accident survivors. Behav Res Ther. 2003 Jan;41(1):79-96. PMID: 12488121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bohus, 2013",
          "ref": "Bohus MJ, Dyer AS, Priebe K, et al. Dialectical behaviour therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder after childhood sexual abuse in patients with and without borderline personality disorder: a randomised controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2013 Jun;82(4):221-33. doi: 10.1159/000348451. PMID: 23712109."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bradshaw, 2014",
          "ref": "Bradshaw RA, McDonald MJ, Grace R, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Observed and Experiential Integration (OEI): a simple, innovative intervention for affect regulation in clients with PTSD. Traumatology (Tallahass Fla). 2014 Sep;20(3):161-71. doi: 10.1037/h0099401."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chard, 2005",
          "ref": "Chard KM. An evaluation of cognitive processing therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Oct;73(5):965-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.5.965. PMID: 16287396."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cloitre, 2002",
          "ref": "Cloitre M, Koenen KC, Cohen LR, et al. Skills training in affective and interpersonal regulation followed by exposure: a phase-based treatment for PTSD related to childhood abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Oct;70(5):1067-74. doi: 10.1037//0022-006X.70.5.1067. PMID: 12362957."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ehlers, 2014",
          "ref": "Ehlers A, Hackmann A, Grey N, et al. A randomized controlled trial of 7-day intensive and standard weekly cognitive therapy for PTSD and emotion-focused supportive therapy. Am J Psychiatry. 2014 Mar;171(3):294-304. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13040552. PMID: 24480899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fecteau, 1999",
          "ref": "Fecteau GW, Nicki RM. Cognitive behavioural treatment of post traumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accident. Behav. Cogn. Psychother. 1999 Jul;27(3):201-14."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonzo, 2017",
          "ref": "Fonzo GA, Goodkind MS, Oathes DJ, et al. PTSD psychotherapy outcome predicted by brain activation during emotional reactivity and regulation. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Dec 1;174(12):1163-74. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091072. PMID: 28715908."
        },
        {
          "study": "Franklin, 2017",
          "ref": "Franklin CL, Cuccurullo LA, Walton JL, et al. Face to face but not in the same place: a pilot study of prolonged exposure therapy. J Trauma Dissociation. 2017 Jan-Feb;18(1):116-30. doi: 10.1080/15299732.2016.1205704. PMID: 27348462."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jacob, 2014",
          "ref": "Jacob N, Neuner F, Maedl A, et al. Dissemination of psychotherapy for trauma spectrum disorders in postconflict settings: a randomized controlled trial in Rwanda. Psychother Psychosom. 2014 Nov;83(6):354-63. doi: 10.1159/000365114. PMID: 25323203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnson DM, Zlotnick C, Perez SK. Cognitive behavioral treatment of PTSD in residents of battered women's shelters: results of a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2011 Aug;79(4):542-51. doi: 10.1037/a0023822. PMID: 21787052."
        },
        {
          "study": "McDonagh, 2005",
          "ref": "McDonagh A, Friedman MJ, McHugo GJ, et al. Randomized trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Jun;73(3):515-24. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.3.515. PMID: 15982149."
        },
        {
          "study": "Miyahira, 2012",
          "ref": "Miyahira SD, Folen RA, Hoffman HG, et al. The effectiveness of VR exposure therapy for PTSD in returning warfighters. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2012;181:128-32. PMID: 22954842."
        },
        {
          "study": "Monson, 2012a",
          "ref": "Monson CM, Fredman SJ, Macdonald A, et al. Effect of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy for PTSD: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012 Aug 15;308(7):700-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.9307. PMID: 22893167."
        },
        {
          "study": "Morath, 2014",
          "ref": "Morath J, Gola H, Sommershof A, et al. The effect of trauma-focused therapy on the altered T cell distribution in individuals with PTSD: evidence from a randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res. 2014 Jul;54:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.03.016. PMID: 24726027."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mueser, 2008",
          "ref": "Mueser KT, Rosenberg SD, Xie HY, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in severe mental illness. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008 Apr;76(2):259-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.259. PMID: 18377122."
        },
        {
          "study": "Raabe, 2022",
          "ref": "Raabe S, Ehring T, Marquenie L, et al. Imagery rescripting as a stand-alone treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse: a randomized controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2022;77:101769. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101769. PMID: 36113906."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Kolk, 2007",
          "ref": "Van der Kolk BA, Spinazzola J, Blaustein ME, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), fluoxetine, and pill placebo in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: treatment effects and long-term maintenance. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007 Jan;68(1):37-46. doi: 10.4088/JCP.v68n0105. PMID: 17284128."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2011",
          "ref": "Vera M, Reyes-Rabanillo ML, Juarbe D, et al. Prolonged exposure for the treatment of Spanish-speaking Puerto Ricans with posttraumatic stress disorder: a feasibility study. BMC Res. Notes. 2011 Oct 17;4:415. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-415. PMID: 22005187."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wagner, 2019",
          "ref": "Wagner AW, Jakupcak M, Kowalski HM, et al. Behavioral activation as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder among returning veterans: a randomized trial. Psychiatr Serv. 2019 Oct 1;70(10):867-73. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201800572. PMID: 31337325."
        },
        {
          "study": "van den Berg, 2015",
          "ref": "van den Berg DP, de Bont PA, van der Vleugel BM, et al. Prolonged exposure vs Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing vs waiting list for posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with a psychotic disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015 Mar;72(3):259-67. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2637. PMID: 25607833."
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        {
          "study": "Asukai, 2010",
          "ref": "Asukai N, Saito A, Tsuruta N, et al. Efficacy of exposure therapy for Japanese patients with posttraumatic stress disorder due to mixed traumatic events: A randomized controlled study. J Trauma Stress. 2010 Dec;23(6):744-50. doi: 10.1002/jts.20589. PMID: 21171135."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basoglu, 2005",
          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M, et al. Single-session behavioral treatment of earthquake-related posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized waiting list controlled trial. J Trauma Stress. 2005;18(1):1-11. doi: 10.1002/jts.20011. PMID: 16281190."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basoglu, 2007",
          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M. A randomized controlled study of single-session behavioural treatment of earthquake-related post-traumatic stress disorder using an earthquake simulator. Psychological Medicine. 2007;37(2):203-13. doi: 10.1017/S0033291706009123. PMID: 17254365."
        },
        {
          "study": "Beck, 2009",
          "ref": "Beck JG, Coffey SF, Foy DW, et al. Group cognitive behavior therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: an initial randomized pilot study. Behav Ther. 2009 Mar;40(1):82-92. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2008.01.003. PMID: 19187819."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanchard, 2003",
          "ref": "Blanchard EB, Hickling EJ, Devineni T, et al. A controlled evaluation of cognitive behavioural therapy for posttraumatic stress in motor vehicle accident survivors. Behav Res Ther. 2003 Jan;41(1):79-96. PMID: 12488121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bohus, 2013",
          "ref": "Bohus MJ, Dyer AS, Priebe K, et al. Dialectical behaviour therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder after childhood sexual abuse in patients with and without borderline personality disorder: a randomised controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2013 Jun;82(4):221-33. doi: 10.1159/000348451. PMID: 23712109."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bradshaw, 2014",
          "ref": "Bradshaw RA, McDonald MJ, Grace R, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Observed and Experiential Integration (OEI): a simple, innovative intervention for affect regulation in clients with PTSD. Traumatology (Tallahass Fla). 2014 Sep;20(3):161-71. doi: 10.1037/h0099401."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chard, 2005",
          "ref": "Chard KM. An evaluation of cognitive processing therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Oct;73(5):965-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.5.965. PMID: 16287396."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cloitre, 2002",
          "ref": "Cloitre M, Koenen KC, Cohen LR, et al. Skills training in affective and interpersonal regulation followed by exposure: a phase-based treatment for PTSD related to childhood abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Oct;70(5):1067-74. doi: 10.1037//0022-006X.70.5.1067. PMID: 12362957."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ehlers, 2003",
          "ref": "Ehlers A, Clark DM, Hackmann A, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive therapy, a self-help booklet, and repeated assessments as early interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60(10):1024-32. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.60.10.1024. PMID: 14557148."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ehlers, 2014",
          "ref": "Ehlers A, Hackmann A, Grey N, et al. A randomized controlled trial of 7-day intensive and standard weekly cognitive therapy for PTSD and emotion-focused supportive therapy. Am J Psychiatry. 2014 Mar;171(3):294-304. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13040552. PMID: 24480899."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fecteau, 1999",
          "ref": "Fecteau GW, Nicki RM. Cognitive behavioural treatment of post traumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accident. Behav. Cogn. Psychother. 1999 Jul;27(3):201-14."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonzo, 2017",
          "ref": "Fonzo GA, Goodkind MS, Oathes DJ, et al. PTSD psychotherapy outcome predicted by brain activation during emotional reactivity and regulation. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Dec 1;174(12):1163-74. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091072. PMID: 28715908."
        },
        {
          "study": "Franklin, 2017",
          "ref": "Franklin CL, Cuccurullo LA, Walton JL, et al. Face to face but not in the same place: a pilot study of prolonged exposure therapy. J Trauma Dissociation. 2017 Jan-Feb;18(1):116-30. doi: 10.1080/15299732.2016.1205704. PMID: 27348462."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hinton, 2009",
          "ref": "Hinton DE, Hofmann SG, Pollack MH, et al. Mechanisms of efficacy of CBT for Cambodian refugees with PTSD: improvement in emotion regulation and orthostatic blood pressure response. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2009 Fall;15(3):255-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2009.00100.x. PMID: 19691545."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jacob, 2014",
          "ref": "Jacob N, Neuner F, Maedl A, et al. Dissemination of psychotherapy for trauma spectrum disorders in postconflict settings: a randomized controlled trial in Rwanda. Psychother Psychosom. 2014 Nov;83(6):354-63. doi: 10.1159/000365114. PMID: 25323203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnson DM, Zlotnick C, Perez SK. Cognitive behavioral treatment of PTSD in residents of battered women's shelters: results of a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2011 Aug;79(4):542-51. doi: 10.1037/a0023822. PMID: 21787052."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kubany, 2004",
          "ref": "Kubany ES, Hill EE, Owens JA, et al. Cognitive trauma therapy for battered women with PTSD (CTT-BW). J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004 Feb;72(1):3-18. doi: 10.1037/0022-006x.72.1.3. PMID: 14756610."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lewis, 2017",
          "ref": "Lewis CE, Farewell D, Groves V, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety. 2017 Jun;34(6):555-65. doi: 10.1002/da.22645. PMID: 28557299."
        },
        {
          "study": "McDonagh, 2005",
          "ref": "McDonagh A, Friedman MJ, McHugo GJ, et al. Randomized trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Jun;73(3):515-24. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.3.515. PMID: 15982149."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLay, 2011",
          "ref": "McLay RN, Wood DP, Webb-Murphy JA, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of virtual reality-graded exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in active duty service members with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011 Apr;14(4):223-9. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0003. PMID: 21332375."
        },
        {
          "study": "Miyahira, 2012",
          "ref": "Miyahira SD, Folen RA, Hoffman HG, et al. The effectiveness of VR exposure therapy for PTSD in returning warfighters. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2012;181:128-32. PMID: 22954842."
        },
        {
          "study": "Monson, 2012a",
          "ref": "Monson CM, Fredman SJ, Macdonald A, et al. Effect of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy for PTSD: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012 Aug 15;308(7):700-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.9307. PMID: 22893167."
        },
        {
          "study": "Morath, 2014",
          "ref": "Morath J, Gola H, Sommershof A, et al. The effect of trauma-focused therapy on the altered T cell distribution in individuals with PTSD: evidence from a randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res. 2014 Jul;54:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.03.016. PMID: 24726027."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mueser, 2008",
          "ref": "Mueser KT, Rosenberg SD, Xie HY, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in severe mental illness. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008 Apr;76(2):259-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.259. PMID: 18377122."
        },
        {
          "study": "Raabe, 2022",
          "ref": "Raabe S, Ehring T, Marquenie L, et al. Imagery rescripting as a stand-alone treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse: a randomized controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2022;77:101769. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101769. PMID: 36113906."
        },
        {
          "study": "Reger, 2016",
          "ref": "Reger GM, Koenen-Woods P, Zetocha K, et al. Randomized controlled trial of prolonged exposure using imaginal exposure vs. virtual reality exposure in active duty soldiers with deployment-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). J Consult Clin. Psychol. 2016 Nov;84(11):946-59. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000134. PMID: 27606699."
        },
        {
          "study": "Resick, 2002",
          "ref": "Resick PA, Nishith P, Weaver TL, et al. A comparison of cognitive-processing therapy with prolonged exposure and a waiting condition for the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in female rape victims. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Aug;70(4):867-79. PMID: 12182270."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson, 2022",
          "ref": "Simpson TL, Kaysen DL, Fleming CB, et al. Cognitive processing therapy or relapse prevention for comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorder: a randomized clinical trial. PLoS One. 2022;17(11):e0276111. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276111. PMID: 36445895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Kolk, 2007",
          "ref": "Van der Kolk BA, Spinazzola J, Blaustein ME, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), fluoxetine, and pill placebo in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: treatment effects and long-term maintenance. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007 Jan;68(1):37-46. doi: 10.4088/JCP.v68n0105. PMID: 17284128."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2011",
          "ref": "Vera M, Reyes-Rabanillo ML, Juarbe D, et al. Prolonged exposure for the treatment of Spanish-speaking Puerto Ricans with posttraumatic stress disorder: a feasibility study. BMC Res. Notes. 2011 Oct 17;4:415. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-415. PMID: 22005187."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wagner, 2019",
          "ref": "Wagner AW, Jakupcak M, Kowalski HM, et al. Behavioral activation as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder among returning veterans: a randomized trial. Psychiatr Serv. 2019 Oct 1;70(10):867-73. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201800572. PMID: 31337325."
        },
        {
          "study": "van den Berg, 2015",
          "ref": "van den Berg DP, de Bont PA, van der Vleugel BM, et al. Prolonged exposure vs Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing vs waiting list for posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with a psychotic disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015 Mar;72(3):259-67. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2637. PMID: 25607833."
        }
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    },
    {
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      "instr": "CAPS",
      "full": "Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale",
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      "sg": "Age group",
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      "k_es": 38,
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      "lo": 20.517,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Basoglu, 2005",
          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M, et al. Single-session behavioral treatment of earthquake-related posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized waiting list controlled trial. J Trauma Stress. 2005;18(1):1-11. doi: 10.1002/jts.20011. PMID: 16281190."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basoglu, 2007",
          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M. A randomized controlled study of single-session behavioural treatment of earthquake-related post-traumatic stress disorder using an earthquake simulator. Psychological Medicine. 2007;37(2):203-13. doi: 10.1017/S0033291706009123. PMID: 17254365."
        },
        {
          "study": "Beck, 2009",
          "ref": "Beck JG, Coffey SF, Foy DW, et al. Group cognitive behavior therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: an initial randomized pilot study. Behav Ther. 2009 Mar;40(1):82-92. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2008.01.003. PMID: 19187819."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanchard, 2003",
          "ref": "Blanchard EB, Hickling EJ, Devineni T, et al. A controlled evaluation of cognitive behavioural therapy for posttraumatic stress in motor vehicle accident survivors. Behav Res Ther. 2003 Jan;41(1):79-96. PMID: 12488121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bohus, 2013",
          "ref": "Bohus MJ, Dyer AS, Priebe K, et al. Dialectical behaviour therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder after childhood sexual abuse in patients with and without borderline personality disorder: a randomised controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2013 Jun;82(4):221-33. doi: 10.1159/000348451. PMID: 23712109."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bradshaw, 2014",
          "ref": "Bradshaw RA, McDonald MJ, Grace R, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Observed and Experiential Integration (OEI): a simple, innovative intervention for affect regulation in clients with PTSD. Traumatology (Tallahass Fla). 2014 Sep;20(3):161-71. doi: 10.1037/h0099401."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chard, 2005",
          "ref": "Chard KM. An evaluation of cognitive processing therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Oct;73(5):965-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.5.965. PMID: 16287396."
        },
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          "ref": "Fonzo GA, Goodkind MS, Oathes DJ, et al. PTSD psychotherapy outcome predicted by brain activation during emotional reactivity and regulation. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Dec 1;174(12):1163-74. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091072. PMID: 28715908."
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          "ref": "Franklin CL, Cuccurullo LA, Walton JL, et al. Face to face but not in the same place: a pilot study of prolonged exposure therapy. J Trauma Dissociation. 2017 Jan-Feb;18(1):116-30. doi: 10.1080/15299732.2016.1205704. PMID: 27348462."
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          "ref": "Morath J, Gola H, Sommershof A, et al. The effect of trauma-focused therapy on the altered T cell distribution in individuals with PTSD: evidence from a randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res. 2014 Jul;54:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.03.016. PMID: 24726027."
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          "ref": "Raabe S, Ehring T, Marquenie L, et al. Imagery rescripting as a stand-alone treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse: a randomized controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2022;77:101769. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101769. PMID: 36113906."
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          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M. A randomized controlled study of single-session behavioural treatment of earthquake-related post-traumatic stress disorder using an earthquake simulator. Psychological Medicine. 2007;37(2):203-13. doi: 10.1017/S0033291706009123. PMID: 17254365."
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          "ref": "Beck JG, Coffey SF, Foy DW, et al. Group cognitive behavior therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: an initial randomized pilot study. Behav Ther. 2009 Mar;40(1):82-92. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2008.01.003. PMID: 19187819."
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        {
          "study": "Blanchard, 2003",
          "ref": "Blanchard EB, Hickling EJ, Devineni T, et al. A controlled evaluation of cognitive behavioural therapy for posttraumatic stress in motor vehicle accident survivors. Behav Res Ther. 2003 Jan;41(1):79-96. PMID: 12488121."
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          "ref": "Bohus MJ, Dyer AS, Priebe K, et al. Dialectical behaviour therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder after childhood sexual abuse in patients with and without borderline personality disorder: a randomised controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2013 Jun;82(4):221-33. doi: 10.1159/000348451. PMID: 23712109."
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          "ref": "Bradshaw RA, McDonald MJ, Grace R, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Observed and Experiential Integration (OEI): a simple, innovative intervention for affect regulation in clients with PTSD. Traumatology (Tallahass Fla). 2014 Sep;20(3):161-71. doi: 10.1037/h0099401."
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          "ref": "Chard KM. An evaluation of cognitive processing therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Oct;73(5):965-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.5.965. PMID: 16287396."
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        },
        {
          "study": "Ehlers, 2003",
          "ref": "Ehlers A, Clark DM, Hackmann A, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive therapy, a self-help booklet, and repeated assessments as early interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60(10):1024-32. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.60.10.1024. PMID: 14557148."
        },
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          "ref": "Ehlers A, Hackmann A, Grey N, et al. A randomized controlled trial of 7-day intensive and standard weekly cognitive therapy for PTSD and emotion-focused supportive therapy. Am J Psychiatry. 2014 Mar;171(3):294-304. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13040552. PMID: 24480899."
        },
        {
          "study": "ElBarazi, 2022",
          "ref": "ElBarazi A, Badary OA, Elmazar MM, et al. Cognitive Processing Therapy versus medication for the treatment of comorbid substance use disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder in Egyptian patients (randomized clinical trial). Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies. 2022;22(2):63-90. doi: 10.24193/jebp.2022.2.13."
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          "ref": "Fecteau GW, Nicki RM. Cognitive behavioural treatment of post traumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accident. Behav. Cogn. Psychother. 1999 Jul;27(3):201-14."
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          "ref": "Fonzo GA, Goodkind MS, Oathes DJ, et al. PTSD psychotherapy outcome predicted by brain activation during emotional reactivity and regulation. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Dec 1;174(12):1163-74. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091072. PMID: 28715908."
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          "ref": "Hinton DE, Hofmann SG, Pollack MH, et al. Mechanisms of efficacy of CBT for Cambodian refugees with PTSD: improvement in emotion regulation and orthostatic blood pressure response. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2009 Fall;15(3):255-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2009.00100.x. PMID: 19691545."
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        {
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          "ref": "Miyahira SD, Folen RA, Hoffman HG, et al. The effectiveness of VR exposure therapy for PTSD in returning warfighters. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2012;181:128-32. PMID: 22954842."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Monson CM, Fredman SJ, Macdonald A, et al. Effect of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy for PTSD: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012 Aug 15;308(7):700-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.9307. PMID: 22893167."
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          "ref": "Bradshaw RA, McDonald MJ, Grace R, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Observed and Experiential Integration (OEI): a simple, innovative intervention for affect regulation in clients with PTSD. Traumatology (Tallahass Fla). 2014 Sep;20(3):161-71. doi: 10.1037/h0099401."
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          "study": "Cloitre, 2002",
          "ref": "Cloitre M, Koenen KC, Cohen LR, et al. Skills training in affective and interpersonal regulation followed by exposure: a phase-based treatment for PTSD related to childhood abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Oct;70(5):1067-74. doi: 10.1037//0022-006X.70.5.1067. PMID: 12362957."
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        {
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          "ref": "Ehlers A, Clark DM, Hackmann A, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive therapy, a self-help booklet, and repeated assessments as early interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60(10):1024-32. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.60.10.1024. PMID: 14557148."
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          "ref": "Ehlers A, Hackmann A, Grey N, et al. A randomized controlled trial of 7-day intensive and standard weekly cognitive therapy for PTSD and emotion-focused supportive therapy. Am J Psychiatry. 2014 Mar;171(3):294-304. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13040552. PMID: 24480899."
        },
        {
          "study": "ElBarazi, 2022",
          "ref": "ElBarazi A, Badary OA, Elmazar MM, et al. Cognitive Processing Therapy versus medication for the treatment of comorbid substance use disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder in Egyptian patients (randomized clinical trial). Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies. 2022;22(2):63-90. doi: 10.24193/jebp.2022.2.13."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fecteau, 1999",
          "ref": "Fecteau GW, Nicki RM. Cognitive behavioural treatment of post traumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accident. Behav. Cogn. Psychother. 1999 Jul;27(3):201-14."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonzo, 2017",
          "ref": "Fonzo GA, Goodkind MS, Oathes DJ, et al. PTSD psychotherapy outcome predicted by brain activation during emotional reactivity and regulation. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Dec 1;174(12):1163-74. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091072. PMID: 28715908."
        },
        {
          "study": "Franklin, 2017",
          "ref": "Franklin CL, Cuccurullo LA, Walton JL, et al. Face to face but not in the same place: a pilot study of prolonged exposure therapy. J Trauma Dissociation. 2017 Jan-Feb;18(1):116-30. doi: 10.1080/15299732.2016.1205704. PMID: 27348462."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hinton, 2009",
          "ref": "Hinton DE, Hofmann SG, Pollack MH, et al. Mechanisms of efficacy of CBT for Cambodian refugees with PTSD: improvement in emotion regulation and orthostatic blood pressure response. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2009 Fall;15(3):255-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2009.00100.x. PMID: 19691545."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jacob, 2014",
          "ref": "Jacob N, Neuner F, Maedl A, et al. Dissemination of psychotherapy for trauma spectrum disorders in postconflict settings: a randomized controlled trial in Rwanda. Psychother Psychosom. 2014 Nov;83(6):354-63. doi: 10.1159/000365114. PMID: 25323203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnson DM, Zlotnick C, Perez SK. Cognitive behavioral treatment of PTSD in residents of battered women's shelters: results of a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2011 Aug;79(4):542-51. doi: 10.1037/a0023822. PMID: 21787052."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kubany, 2004",
          "ref": "Kubany ES, Hill EE, Owens JA, et al. Cognitive trauma therapy for battered women with PTSD (CTT-BW). J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004 Feb;72(1):3-18. doi: 10.1037/0022-006x.72.1.3. PMID: 14756610."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lewis, 2017",
          "ref": "Lewis CE, Farewell D, Groves V, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety. 2017 Jun;34(6):555-65. doi: 10.1002/da.22645. PMID: 28557299."
        },
        {
          "study": "McDonagh, 2005",
          "ref": "McDonagh A, Friedman MJ, McHugo GJ, et al. Randomized trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Jun;73(3):515-24. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.3.515. PMID: 15982149."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLay, 2011",
          "ref": "McLay RN, Wood DP, Webb-Murphy JA, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of virtual reality-graded exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in active duty service members with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011 Apr;14(4):223-9. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0003. PMID: 21332375."
        },
        {
          "study": "Miyahira, 2012",
          "ref": "Miyahira SD, Folen RA, Hoffman HG, et al. The effectiveness of VR exposure therapy for PTSD in returning warfighters. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2012;181:128-32. PMID: 22954842."
        },
        {
          "study": "Monson, 2012a",
          "ref": "Monson CM, Fredman SJ, Macdonald A, et al. Effect of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy for PTSD: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012 Aug 15;308(7):700-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.9307. PMID: 22893167."
        },
        {
          "study": "Morath, 2014",
          "ref": "Morath J, Gola H, Sommershof A, et al. The effect of trauma-focused therapy on the altered T cell distribution in individuals with PTSD: evidence from a randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res. 2014 Jul;54:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.03.016. PMID: 24726027."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mueser, 2008",
          "ref": "Mueser KT, Rosenberg SD, Xie HY, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in severe mental illness. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008 Apr;76(2):259-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.259. PMID: 18377122."
        },
        {
          "study": "Raabe, 2022",
          "ref": "Raabe S, Ehring T, Marquenie L, et al. Imagery rescripting as a stand-alone treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse: a randomized controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2022;77:101769. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101769. PMID: 36113906."
        },
        {
          "study": "Reger, 2016",
          "ref": "Reger GM, Koenen-Woods P, Zetocha K, et al. Randomized controlled trial of prolonged exposure using imaginal exposure vs. virtual reality exposure in active duty soldiers with deployment-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). J Consult Clin. Psychol. 2016 Nov;84(11):946-59. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000134. PMID: 27606699."
        },
        {
          "study": "Resick, 2002",
          "ref": "Resick PA, Nishith P, Weaver TL, et al. A comparison of cognitive-processing therapy with prolonged exposure and a waiting condition for the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in female rape victims. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Aug;70(4):867-79. PMID: 12182270."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson, 2022",
          "ref": "Simpson TL, Kaysen DL, Fleming CB, et al. Cognitive processing therapy or relapse prevention for comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorder: a randomized clinical trial. PLoS One. 2022;17(11):e0276111. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276111. PMID: 36445895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Kolk, 2007",
          "ref": "Van der Kolk BA, Spinazzola J, Blaustein ME, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), fluoxetine, and pill placebo in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: treatment effects and long-term maintenance. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007 Jan;68(1):37-46. doi: 10.4088/JCP.v68n0105. PMID: 17284128."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2011",
          "ref": "Vera M, Reyes-Rabanillo ML, Juarbe D, et al. Prolonged exposure for the treatment of Spanish-speaking Puerto Ricans with posttraumatic stress disorder: a feasibility study. BMC Res. Notes. 2011 Oct 17;4:415. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-415. PMID: 22005187."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wagner, 2019",
          "ref": "Wagner AW, Jakupcak M, Kowalski HM, et al. Behavioral activation as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder among returning veterans: a randomized trial. Psychiatr Serv. 2019 Oct 1;70(10):867-73. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201800572. PMID: 31337325."
        },
        {
          "study": "van den Berg, 2015",
          "ref": "van den Berg DP, de Bont PA, van der Vleugel BM, et al. Prolonged exposure vs Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing vs waiting list for posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with a psychotic disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015 Mar;72(3):259-67. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2637. PMID: 25607833."
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        {
          "study": "Chard, 2005",
          "ref": "Chard KM. An evaluation of cognitive processing therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Oct;73(5):965-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.5.965. PMID: 16287396."
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          "ref": "Cloitre M, Koenen KC, Cohen LR, et al. Skills training in affective and interpersonal regulation followed by exposure: a phase-based treatment for PTSD related to childhood abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Oct;70(5):1067-74. doi: 10.1037//0022-006X.70.5.1067. PMID: 12362957."
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          "ref": "ElBarazi A, Badary OA, Elmazar MM, et al. Cognitive Processing Therapy versus medication for the treatment of comorbid substance use disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder in Egyptian patients (randomized clinical trial). Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies. 2022;22(2):63-90. doi: 10.24193/jebp.2022.2.13."
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        {
          "study": "Miyahira, 2012",
          "ref": "Miyahira SD, Folen RA, Hoffman HG, et al. The effectiveness of VR exposure therapy for PTSD in returning warfighters. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2012;181:128-32. PMID: 22954842."
        },
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          "study": "Resick, 2002",
          "ref": "Resick PA, Nishith P, Weaver TL, et al. A comparison of cognitive-processing therapy with prolonged exposure and a waiting condition for the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in female rape victims. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Aug;70(4):867-79. PMID: 12182270."
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          "ref": "Simpson TL, Kaysen DL, Fleming CB, et al. Cognitive processing therapy or relapse prevention for comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorder: a randomized clinical trial. PLoS One. 2022;17(11):e0276111. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276111. PMID: 36445895."
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          "ref": "Van der Kolk BA, Spinazzola J, Blaustein ME, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), fluoxetine, and pill placebo in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: treatment effects and long-term maintenance. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007 Jan;68(1):37-46. doi: 10.4088/JCP.v68n0105. PMID: 17284128."
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        {
          "study": "Asukai, 2010",
          "ref": "Asukai N, Saito A, Tsuruta N, et al. Efficacy of exposure therapy for Japanese patients with posttraumatic stress disorder due to mixed traumatic events: A randomized controlled study. J Trauma Stress. 2010 Dec;23(6):744-50. doi: 10.1002/jts.20589. PMID: 21171135."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basoglu, 2005",
          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M, et al. Single-session behavioral treatment of earthquake-related posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized waiting list controlled trial. J Trauma Stress. 2005;18(1):1-11. doi: 10.1002/jts.20011. PMID: 16281190."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basoglu, 2007",
          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M. A randomized controlled study of single-session behavioural treatment of earthquake-related post-traumatic stress disorder using an earthquake simulator. Psychological Medicine. 2007;37(2):203-13. doi: 10.1017/S0033291706009123. PMID: 17254365."
        },
        {
          "study": "Beck, 2009",
          "ref": "Beck JG, Coffey SF, Foy DW, et al. Group cognitive behavior therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: an initial randomized pilot study. Behav Ther. 2009 Mar;40(1):82-92. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2008.01.003. PMID: 19187819."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanchard, 2003",
          "ref": "Blanchard EB, Hickling EJ, Devineni T, et al. A controlled evaluation of cognitive behavioural therapy for posttraumatic stress in motor vehicle accident survivors. Behav Res Ther. 2003 Jan;41(1):79-96. PMID: 12488121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bohus, 2013",
          "ref": "Bohus MJ, Dyer AS, Priebe K, et al. Dialectical behaviour therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder after childhood sexual abuse in patients with and without borderline personality disorder: a randomised controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2013 Jun;82(4):221-33. doi: 10.1159/000348451. PMID: 23712109."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bradshaw, 2014",
          "ref": "Bradshaw RA, McDonald MJ, Grace R, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Observed and Experiential Integration (OEI): a simple, innovative intervention for affect regulation in clients with PTSD. Traumatology (Tallahass Fla). 2014 Sep;20(3):161-71. doi: 10.1037/h0099401."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chard, 2005",
          "ref": "Chard KM. An evaluation of cognitive processing therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Oct;73(5):965-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.5.965. PMID: 16287396."
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        {
          "study": "Cloitre, 2002",
          "ref": "Cloitre M, Koenen KC, Cohen LR, et al. Skills training in affective and interpersonal regulation followed by exposure: a phase-based treatment for PTSD related to childhood abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Oct;70(5):1067-74. doi: 10.1037//0022-006X.70.5.1067. PMID: 12362957."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ehlers, 2003",
          "ref": "Ehlers A, Clark DM, Hackmann A, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive therapy, a self-help booklet, and repeated assessments as early interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60(10):1024-32. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.60.10.1024. PMID: 14557148."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ehlers, 2014",
          "ref": "Ehlers A, Hackmann A, Grey N, et al. A randomized controlled trial of 7-day intensive and standard weekly cognitive therapy for PTSD and emotion-focused supportive therapy. Am J Psychiatry. 2014 Mar;171(3):294-304. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13040552. PMID: 24480899."
        },
        {
          "study": "ElBarazi, 2022",
          "ref": "ElBarazi A, Badary OA, Elmazar MM, et al. Cognitive Processing Therapy versus medication for the treatment of comorbid substance use disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder in Egyptian patients (randomized clinical trial). Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies. 2022;22(2):63-90. doi: 10.24193/jebp.2022.2.13."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fecteau, 1999",
          "ref": "Fecteau GW, Nicki RM. Cognitive behavioural treatment of post traumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accident. Behav. Cogn. Psychother. 1999 Jul;27(3):201-14."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonzo, 2017",
          "ref": "Fonzo GA, Goodkind MS, Oathes DJ, et al. PTSD psychotherapy outcome predicted by brain activation during emotional reactivity and regulation. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Dec 1;174(12):1163-74. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091072. PMID: 28715908."
        },
        {
          "study": "Franklin, 2017",
          "ref": "Franklin CL, Cuccurullo LA, Walton JL, et al. Face to face but not in the same place: a pilot study of prolonged exposure therapy. J Trauma Dissociation. 2017 Jan-Feb;18(1):116-30. doi: 10.1080/15299732.2016.1205704. PMID: 27348462."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hinton, 2009",
          "ref": "Hinton DE, Hofmann SG, Pollack MH, et al. Mechanisms of efficacy of CBT for Cambodian refugees with PTSD: improvement in emotion regulation and orthostatic blood pressure response. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2009 Fall;15(3):255-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2009.00100.x. PMID: 19691545."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jacob, 2014",
          "ref": "Jacob N, Neuner F, Maedl A, et al. Dissemination of psychotherapy for trauma spectrum disorders in postconflict settings: a randomized controlled trial in Rwanda. Psychother Psychosom. 2014 Nov;83(6):354-63. doi: 10.1159/000365114. PMID: 25323203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnson DM, Zlotnick C, Perez SK. Cognitive behavioral treatment of PTSD in residents of battered women's shelters: results of a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2011 Aug;79(4):542-51. doi: 10.1037/a0023822. PMID: 21787052."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kubany, 2004",
          "ref": "Kubany ES, Hill EE, Owens JA, et al. Cognitive trauma therapy for battered women with PTSD (CTT-BW). J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004 Feb;72(1):3-18. doi: 10.1037/0022-006x.72.1.3. PMID: 14756610."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lewis, 2017",
          "ref": "Lewis CE, Farewell D, Groves V, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety. 2017 Jun;34(6):555-65. doi: 10.1002/da.22645. PMID: 28557299."
        },
        {
          "study": "McDonagh, 2005",
          "ref": "McDonagh A, Friedman MJ, McHugo GJ, et al. Randomized trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Jun;73(3):515-24. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.3.515. PMID: 15982149."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLay, 2011",
          "ref": "McLay RN, Wood DP, Webb-Murphy JA, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of virtual reality-graded exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in active duty service members with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011 Apr;14(4):223-9. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0003. PMID: 21332375."
        },
        {
          "study": "Miyahira, 2012",
          "ref": "Miyahira SD, Folen RA, Hoffman HG, et al. The effectiveness of VR exposure therapy for PTSD in returning warfighters. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2012;181:128-32. PMID: 22954842."
        },
        {
          "study": "Monson, 2012a",
          "ref": "Monson CM, Fredman SJ, Macdonald A, et al. Effect of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy for PTSD: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012 Aug 15;308(7):700-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.9307. PMID: 22893167."
        },
        {
          "study": "Morath, 2014",
          "ref": "Morath J, Gola H, Sommershof A, et al. The effect of trauma-focused therapy on the altered T cell distribution in individuals with PTSD: evidence from a randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res. 2014 Jul;54:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.03.016. PMID: 24726027."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mueser, 2008",
          "ref": "Mueser KT, Rosenberg SD, Xie HY, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in severe mental illness. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008 Apr;76(2):259-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.259. PMID: 18377122."
        },
        {
          "study": "Raabe, 2022",
          "ref": "Raabe S, Ehring T, Marquenie L, et al. Imagery rescripting as a stand-alone treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse: a randomized controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2022;77:101769. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101769. PMID: 36113906."
        },
        {
          "study": "Reger, 2016",
          "ref": "Reger GM, Koenen-Woods P, Zetocha K, et al. Randomized controlled trial of prolonged exposure using imaginal exposure vs. virtual reality exposure in active duty soldiers with deployment-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). J Consult Clin. Psychol. 2016 Nov;84(11):946-59. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000134. PMID: 27606699."
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          "study": "Resick, 2002",
          "ref": "Resick PA, Nishith P, Weaver TL, et al. A comparison of cognitive-processing therapy with prolonged exposure and a waiting condition for the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in female rape victims. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Aug;70(4):867-79. PMID: 12182270."
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          "ref": "Simpson TL, Kaysen DL, Fleming CB, et al. Cognitive processing therapy or relapse prevention for comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorder: a randomized clinical trial. PLoS One. 2022;17(11):e0276111. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276111. PMID: 36445895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Kolk, 2007",
          "ref": "Van der Kolk BA, Spinazzola J, Blaustein ME, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), fluoxetine, and pill placebo in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: treatment effects and long-term maintenance. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007 Jan;68(1):37-46. doi: 10.4088/JCP.v68n0105. PMID: 17284128."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2011",
          "ref": "Vera M, Reyes-Rabanillo ML, Juarbe D, et al. Prolonged exposure for the treatment of Spanish-speaking Puerto Ricans with posttraumatic stress disorder: a feasibility study. BMC Res. Notes. 2011 Oct 17;4:415. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-415. PMID: 22005187."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wagner, 2019",
          "ref": "Wagner AW, Jakupcak M, Kowalski HM, et al. Behavioral activation as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder among returning veterans: a randomized trial. Psychiatr Serv. 2019 Oct 1;70(10):867-73. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201800572. PMID: 31337325."
        },
        {
          "study": "van den Berg, 2015",
          "ref": "van den Berg DP, de Bont PA, van der Vleugel BM, et al. Prolonged exposure vs Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing vs waiting list for posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with a psychotic disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015 Mar;72(3):259-67. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2637. PMID: 25607833."
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          "study": "Basoglu, 2005",
          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M, et al. Single-session behavioral treatment of earthquake-related posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized waiting list controlled trial. J Trauma Stress. 2005;18(1):1-11. doi: 10.1002/jts.20011. PMID: 16281190."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basoglu, 2007",
          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M. A randomized controlled study of single-session behavioural treatment of earthquake-related post-traumatic stress disorder using an earthquake simulator. Psychological Medicine. 2007;37(2):203-13. doi: 10.1017/S0033291706009123. PMID: 17254365."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanchard, 2003",
          "ref": "Blanchard EB, Hickling EJ, Devineni T, et al. A controlled evaluation of cognitive behavioural therapy for posttraumatic stress in motor vehicle accident survivors. Behav Res Ther. 2003 Jan;41(1):79-96. PMID: 12488121."
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          "ref": "McLay RN, Wood DP, Webb-Murphy JA, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of virtual reality-graded exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in active duty service members with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011 Apr;14(4):223-9. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0003. PMID: 21332375."
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          "ref": "Mueser KT, Rosenberg SD, Xie HY, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in severe mental illness. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008 Apr;76(2):259-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.259. PMID: 18377122."
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          "ref": "Van der Kolk BA, Spinazzola J, Blaustein ME, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), fluoxetine, and pill placebo in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: treatment effects and long-term maintenance. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007 Jan;68(1):37-46. doi: 10.4088/JCP.v68n0105. PMID: 17284128."
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          "ref": "Vera M, Reyes-Rabanillo ML, Juarbe D, et al. Prolonged exposure for the treatment of Spanish-speaking Puerto Ricans with posttraumatic stress disorder: a feasibility study. BMC Res. Notes. 2011 Oct 17;4:415. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-415. PMID: 22005187."
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          "ref": "McLay RN, Wood DP, Webb-Murphy JA, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of virtual reality-graded exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in active duty service members with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011 Apr;14(4):223-9. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0003. PMID: 21332375."
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          "ref": "Monson CM, Fredman SJ, Macdonald A, et al. Effect of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy for PTSD: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012 Aug 15;308(7):700-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.9307. PMID: 22893167."
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          "ref": "Raabe S, Ehring T, Marquenie L, et al. Imagery rescripting as a stand-alone treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse: a randomized controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2022;77:101769. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101769. PMID: 36113906."
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          "ref": "Vera M, Reyes-Rabanillo ML, Juarbe D, et al. Prolonged exposure for the treatment of Spanish-speaking Puerto Ricans with posttraumatic stress disorder: a feasibility study. BMC Res. Notes. 2011 Oct 17;4:415. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-415. PMID: 22005187."
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          "ref": "Wagner AW, Jakupcak M, Kowalski HM, et al. Behavioral activation as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder among returning veterans: a randomized trial. Psychiatr Serv. 2019 Oct 1;70(10):867-73. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201800572. PMID: 31337325."
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        {
          "study": "Asukai, 2010",
          "ref": "Asukai N, Saito A, Tsuruta N, et al. Efficacy of exposure therapy for Japanese patients with posttraumatic stress disorder due to mixed traumatic events: A randomized controlled study. J Trauma Stress. 2010 Dec;23(6):744-50. doi: 10.1002/jts.20589. PMID: 21171135."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basoglu, 2005",
          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M, et al. Single-session behavioral treatment of earthquake-related posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized waiting list controlled trial. J Trauma Stress. 2005;18(1):1-11. doi: 10.1002/jts.20011. PMID: 16281190."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basoglu, 2007",
          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M. A randomized controlled study of single-session behavioural treatment of earthquake-related post-traumatic stress disorder using an earthquake simulator. Psychological Medicine. 2007;37(2):203-13. doi: 10.1017/S0033291706009123. PMID: 17254365."
        },
        {
          "study": "Beck, 2009",
          "ref": "Beck JG, Coffey SF, Foy DW, et al. Group cognitive behavior therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: an initial randomized pilot study. Behav Ther. 2009 Mar;40(1):82-92. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2008.01.003. PMID: 19187819."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanchard, 2003",
          "ref": "Blanchard EB, Hickling EJ, Devineni T, et al. A controlled evaluation of cognitive behavioural therapy for posttraumatic stress in motor vehicle accident survivors. Behav Res Ther. 2003 Jan;41(1):79-96. PMID: 12488121."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Bohus MJ, Dyer AS, Priebe K, et al. Dialectical behaviour therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder after childhood sexual abuse in patients with and without borderline personality disorder: a randomised controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2013 Jun;82(4):221-33. doi: 10.1159/000348451. PMID: 23712109."
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        {
          "study": "Bradshaw, 2014",
          "ref": "Bradshaw RA, McDonald MJ, Grace R, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Observed and Experiential Integration (OEI): a simple, innovative intervention for affect regulation in clients with PTSD. Traumatology (Tallahass Fla). 2014 Sep;20(3):161-71. doi: 10.1037/h0099401."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chard, 2005",
          "ref": "Chard KM. An evaluation of cognitive processing therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Oct;73(5):965-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.5.965. PMID: 16287396."
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        {
          "study": "Cloitre, 2002",
          "ref": "Cloitre M, Koenen KC, Cohen LR, et al. Skills training in affective and interpersonal regulation followed by exposure: a phase-based treatment for PTSD related to childhood abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Oct;70(5):1067-74. doi: 10.1037//0022-006X.70.5.1067. PMID: 12362957."
        },
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          "ref": "Ehlers A, Clark DM, Hackmann A, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive therapy, a self-help booklet, and repeated assessments as early interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60(10):1024-32. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.60.10.1024. PMID: 14557148."
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          "ref": "Ehlers A, Hackmann A, Grey N, et al. A randomized controlled trial of 7-day intensive and standard weekly cognitive therapy for PTSD and emotion-focused supportive therapy. Am J Psychiatry. 2014 Mar;171(3):294-304. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13040552. PMID: 24480899."
        },
        {
          "study": "ElBarazi, 2022",
          "ref": "ElBarazi A, Badary OA, Elmazar MM, et al. Cognitive Processing Therapy versus medication for the treatment of comorbid substance use disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder in Egyptian patients (randomized clinical trial). Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies. 2022;22(2):63-90. doi: 10.24193/jebp.2022.2.13."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fecteau, 1999",
          "ref": "Fecteau GW, Nicki RM. Cognitive behavioural treatment of post traumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accident. Behav. Cogn. Psychother. 1999 Jul;27(3):201-14."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonzo, 2017",
          "ref": "Fonzo GA, Goodkind MS, Oathes DJ, et al. PTSD psychotherapy outcome predicted by brain activation during emotional reactivity and regulation. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Dec 1;174(12):1163-74. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091072. PMID: 28715908."
        },
        {
          "study": "Franklin, 2017",
          "ref": "Franklin CL, Cuccurullo LA, Walton JL, et al. Face to face but not in the same place: a pilot study of prolonged exposure therapy. J Trauma Dissociation. 2017 Jan-Feb;18(1):116-30. doi: 10.1080/15299732.2016.1205704. PMID: 27348462."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hinton, 2009",
          "ref": "Hinton DE, Hofmann SG, Pollack MH, et al. Mechanisms of efficacy of CBT for Cambodian refugees with PTSD: improvement in emotion regulation and orthostatic blood pressure response. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2009 Fall;15(3):255-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2009.00100.x. PMID: 19691545."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jacob, 2014",
          "ref": "Jacob N, Neuner F, Maedl A, et al. Dissemination of psychotherapy for trauma spectrum disorders in postconflict settings: a randomized controlled trial in Rwanda. Psychother Psychosom. 2014 Nov;83(6):354-63. doi: 10.1159/000365114. PMID: 25323203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnson DM, Zlotnick C, Perez SK. Cognitive behavioral treatment of PTSD in residents of battered women's shelters: results of a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2011 Aug;79(4):542-51. doi: 10.1037/a0023822. PMID: 21787052."
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          "ref": "Kubany ES, Hill EE, Owens JA, et al. Cognitive trauma therapy for battered women with PTSD (CTT-BW). J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004 Feb;72(1):3-18. doi: 10.1037/0022-006x.72.1.3. PMID: 14756610."
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        {
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          "ref": "Lewis CE, Farewell D, Groves V, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety. 2017 Jun;34(6):555-65. doi: 10.1002/da.22645. PMID: 28557299."
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          "ref": "McDonagh A, Friedman MJ, McHugo GJ, et al. Randomized trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Jun;73(3):515-24. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.3.515. PMID: 15982149."
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        {
          "study": "McLay, 2011",
          "ref": "McLay RN, Wood DP, Webb-Murphy JA, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of virtual reality-graded exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in active duty service members with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011 Apr;14(4):223-9. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0003. PMID: 21332375."
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          "study": "Monson, 2012a",
          "ref": "Monson CM, Fredman SJ, Macdonald A, et al. Effect of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy for PTSD: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012 Aug 15;308(7):700-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.9307. PMID: 22893167."
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          "ref": "Morath J, Gola H, Sommershof A, et al. The effect of trauma-focused therapy on the altered T cell distribution in individuals with PTSD: evidence from a randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res. 2014 Jul;54:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.03.016. PMID: 24726027."
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          "ref": "Mueser KT, Rosenberg SD, Xie HY, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in severe mental illness. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008 Apr;76(2):259-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.259. PMID: 18377122."
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          "ref": "Raabe S, Ehring T, Marquenie L, et al. Imagery rescripting as a stand-alone treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse: a randomized controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2022;77:101769. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101769. PMID: 36113906."
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          "ref": "Vera M, Reyes-Rabanillo ML, Juarbe D, et al. Prolonged exposure for the treatment of Spanish-speaking Puerto Ricans with posttraumatic stress disorder: a feasibility study. BMC Res. Notes. 2011 Oct 17;4:415. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-415. PMID: 22005187."
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          "ref": "Wagner AW, Jakupcak M, Kowalski HM, et al. Behavioral activation as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder among returning veterans: a randomized trial. Psychiatr Serv. 2019 Oct 1;70(10):867-73. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201800572. PMID: 31337325."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "van den Berg DP, de Bont PA, van der Vleugel BM, et al. Prolonged exposure vs Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing vs waiting list for posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with a psychotic disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015 Mar;72(3):259-67. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2637. PMID: 25607833."
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        {
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          "ref": "Blanchard EB, Hickling EJ, Devineni T, et al. A controlled evaluation of cognitive behavioural therapy for posttraumatic stress in motor vehicle accident survivors. Behav Res Ther. 2003 Jan;41(1):79-96. PMID: 12488121."
        },
        {
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          "ref": "Bradshaw RA, McDonald MJ, Grace R, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Observed and Experiential Integration (OEI): a simple, innovative intervention for affect regulation in clients with PTSD. Traumatology (Tallahass Fla). 2014 Sep;20(3):161-71. doi: 10.1037/h0099401."
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          "ref": "Fonzo GA, Goodkind MS, Oathes DJ, et al. PTSD psychotherapy outcome predicted by brain activation during emotional reactivity and regulation. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Dec 1;174(12):1163-74. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091072. PMID: 28715908."
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          "ref": "Franklin CL, Cuccurullo LA, Walton JL, et al. Face to face but not in the same place: a pilot study of prolonged exposure therapy. J Trauma Dissociation. 2017 Jan-Feb;18(1):116-30. doi: 10.1080/15299732.2016.1205704. PMID: 27348462."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hinton, 2009",
          "ref": "Hinton DE, Hofmann SG, Pollack MH, et al. Mechanisms of efficacy of CBT for Cambodian refugees with PTSD: improvement in emotion regulation and orthostatic blood pressure response. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2009 Fall;15(3):255-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2009.00100.x. PMID: 19691545."
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          "ref": "Johnson DM, Zlotnick C, Perez SK. Cognitive behavioral treatment of PTSD in residents of battered women's shelters: results of a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2011 Aug;79(4):542-51. doi: 10.1037/a0023822. PMID: 21787052."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kubany, 2004",
          "ref": "Kubany ES, Hill EE, Owens JA, et al. Cognitive trauma therapy for battered women with PTSD (CTT-BW). J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004 Feb;72(1):3-18. doi: 10.1037/0022-006x.72.1.3. PMID: 14756610."
        },
        {
          "study": "McDonagh, 2005",
          "ref": "McDonagh A, Friedman MJ, McHugo GJ, et al. Randomized trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Jun;73(3):515-24. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.3.515. PMID: 15982149."
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          "ref": "McLay RN, Wood DP, Webb-Murphy JA, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of virtual reality-graded exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in active duty service members with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011 Apr;14(4):223-9. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0003. PMID: 21332375."
        },
        {
          "study": "Miyahira, 2012",
          "ref": "Miyahira SD, Folen RA, Hoffman HG, et al. The effectiveness of VR exposure therapy for PTSD in returning warfighters. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2012;181:128-32. PMID: 22954842."
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          "ref": "Monson CM, Fredman SJ, Macdonald A, et al. Effect of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy for PTSD: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012 Aug 15;308(7):700-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.9307. PMID: 22893167."
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          "ref": "Mueser KT, Rosenberg SD, Xie HY, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in severe mental illness. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008 Apr;76(2):259-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.259. PMID: 18377122."
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          "ref": "Reger GM, Koenen-Woods P, Zetocha K, et al. Randomized controlled trial of prolonged exposure using imaginal exposure vs. virtual reality exposure in active duty soldiers with deployment-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). J Consult Clin. Psychol. 2016 Nov;84(11):946-59. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000134. PMID: 27606699."
        },
        {
          "study": "Resick, 2002",
          "ref": "Resick PA, Nishith P, Weaver TL, et al. A comparison of cognitive-processing therapy with prolonged exposure and a waiting condition for the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in female rape victims. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Aug;70(4):867-79. PMID: 12182270."
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          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M. A randomized controlled study of single-session behavioural treatment of earthquake-related post-traumatic stress disorder using an earthquake simulator. Psychological Medicine. 2007;37(2):203-13. doi: 10.1017/S0033291706009123. PMID: 17254365."
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          "study": "Beck, 2009",
          "ref": "Beck JG, Coffey SF, Foy DW, et al. Group cognitive behavior therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: an initial randomized pilot study. Behav Ther. 2009 Mar;40(1):82-92. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2008.01.003. PMID: 19187819."
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          "ref": "Blanchard EB, Hickling EJ, Devineni T, et al. A controlled evaluation of cognitive behavioural therapy for posttraumatic stress in motor vehicle accident survivors. Behav Res Ther. 2003 Jan;41(1):79-96. PMID: 12488121."
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          "study": "Bohus, 2013",
          "ref": "Bohus MJ, Dyer AS, Priebe K, et al. Dialectical behaviour therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder after childhood sexual abuse in patients with and without borderline personality disorder: a randomised controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2013 Jun;82(4):221-33. doi: 10.1159/000348451. PMID: 23712109."
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          "ref": "Bradshaw RA, McDonald MJ, Grace R, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Observed and Experiential Integration (OEI): a simple, innovative intervention for affect regulation in clients with PTSD. Traumatology (Tallahass Fla). 2014 Sep;20(3):161-71. doi: 10.1037/h0099401."
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          "study": "Chard, 2005",
          "ref": "Chard KM. An evaluation of cognitive processing therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Oct;73(5):965-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.5.965. PMID: 16287396."
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          "ref": "Cloitre M, Koenen KC, Cohen LR, et al. Skills training in affective and interpersonal regulation followed by exposure: a phase-based treatment for PTSD related to childhood abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Oct;70(5):1067-74. doi: 10.1037//0022-006X.70.5.1067. PMID: 12362957."
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          "ref": "Ehlers A, Clark DM, Hackmann A, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive therapy, a self-help booklet, and repeated assessments as early interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60(10):1024-32. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.60.10.1024. PMID: 14557148."
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          "ref": "Ehlers A, Hackmann A, Grey N, et al. A randomized controlled trial of 7-day intensive and standard weekly cognitive therapy for PTSD and emotion-focused supportive therapy. Am J Psychiatry. 2014 Mar;171(3):294-304. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13040552. PMID: 24480899."
        },
        {
          "study": "ElBarazi, 2022",
          "ref": "ElBarazi A, Badary OA, Elmazar MM, et al. Cognitive Processing Therapy versus medication for the treatment of comorbid substance use disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder in Egyptian patients (randomized clinical trial). Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies. 2022;22(2):63-90. doi: 10.24193/jebp.2022.2.13."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fecteau, 1999",
          "ref": "Fecteau GW, Nicki RM. Cognitive behavioural treatment of post traumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accident. Behav. Cogn. Psychother. 1999 Jul;27(3):201-14."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonzo, 2017",
          "ref": "Fonzo GA, Goodkind MS, Oathes DJ, et al. PTSD psychotherapy outcome predicted by brain activation during emotional reactivity and regulation. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Dec 1;174(12):1163-74. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091072. PMID: 28715908."
        },
        {
          "study": "Franklin, 2017",
          "ref": "Franklin CL, Cuccurullo LA, Walton JL, et al. Face to face but not in the same place: a pilot study of prolonged exposure therapy. J Trauma Dissociation. 2017 Jan-Feb;18(1):116-30. doi: 10.1080/15299732.2016.1205704. PMID: 27348462."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hinton, 2009",
          "ref": "Hinton DE, Hofmann SG, Pollack MH, et al. Mechanisms of efficacy of CBT for Cambodian refugees with PTSD: improvement in emotion regulation and orthostatic blood pressure response. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2009 Fall;15(3):255-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2009.00100.x. PMID: 19691545."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jacob, 2014",
          "ref": "Jacob N, Neuner F, Maedl A, et al. Dissemination of psychotherapy for trauma spectrum disorders in postconflict settings: a randomized controlled trial in Rwanda. Psychother Psychosom. 2014 Nov;83(6):354-63. doi: 10.1159/000365114. PMID: 25323203."
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          "ref": "Johnson DM, Zlotnick C, Perez SK. Cognitive behavioral treatment of PTSD in residents of battered women's shelters: results of a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2011 Aug;79(4):542-51. doi: 10.1037/a0023822. PMID: 21787052."
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        {
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          "ref": "Lewis CE, Farewell D, Groves V, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety. 2017 Jun;34(6):555-65. doi: 10.1002/da.22645. PMID: 28557299."
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        {
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          "ref": "McLay RN, Wood DP, Webb-Murphy JA, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of virtual reality-graded exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in active duty service members with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011 Apr;14(4):223-9. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0003. PMID: 21332375."
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          "ref": "Monson CM, Fredman SJ, Macdonald A, et al. Effect of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy for PTSD: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012 Aug 15;308(7):700-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.9307. PMID: 22893167."
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        {
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          "ref": "Morath J, Gola H, Sommershof A, et al. The effect of trauma-focused therapy on the altered T cell distribution in individuals with PTSD: evidence from a randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res. 2014 Jul;54:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.03.016. PMID: 24726027."
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          "ref": "Mueser KT, Rosenberg SD, Xie HY, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in severe mental illness. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008 Apr;76(2):259-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.259. PMID: 18377122."
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          "ref": "Raabe S, Ehring T, Marquenie L, et al. Imagery rescripting as a stand-alone treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse: a randomized controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2022;77:101769. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101769. PMID: 36113906."
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          "ref": "van den Berg DP, de Bont PA, van der Vleugel BM, et al. Prolonged exposure vs Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing vs waiting list for posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with a psychotic disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015 Mar;72(3):259-67. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2637. PMID: 25607833."
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          "ref": "Fonzo GA, Goodkind MS, Oathes DJ, et al. PTSD psychotherapy outcome predicted by brain activation during emotional reactivity and regulation. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Dec 1;174(12):1163-74. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091072. PMID: 28715908."
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          "ref": "Jacob N, Neuner F, Maedl A, et al. Dissemination of psychotherapy for trauma spectrum disorders in postconflict settings: a randomized controlled trial in Rwanda. Psychother Psychosom. 2014 Nov;83(6):354-63. doi: 10.1159/000365114. PMID: 25323203."
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          "ref": "Johnson DM, Zlotnick C, Perez SK. Cognitive behavioral treatment of PTSD in residents of battered women's shelters: results of a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2011 Aug;79(4):542-51. doi: 10.1037/a0023822. PMID: 21787052."
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          "ref": "McLay RN, Wood DP, Webb-Murphy JA, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of virtual reality-graded exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in active duty service members with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011 Apr;14(4):223-9. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0003. PMID: 21332375."
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          "ref": "Monson CM, Fredman SJ, Macdonald A, et al. Effect of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy for PTSD: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012 Aug 15;308(7):700-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.9307. PMID: 22893167."
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          "ref": "Morath J, Gola H, Sommershof A, et al. The effect of trauma-focused therapy on the altered T cell distribution in individuals with PTSD: evidence from a randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res. 2014 Jul;54:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.03.016. PMID: 24726027."
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          "ref": "Mueser KT, Rosenberg SD, Xie HY, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in severe mental illness. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008 Apr;76(2):259-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.259. PMID: 18377122."
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          "ref": "Raabe S, Ehring T, Marquenie L, et al. Imagery rescripting as a stand-alone treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse: a randomized controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2022;77:101769. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101769. PMID: 36113906."
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          "ref": "Vera M, Reyes-Rabanillo ML, Juarbe D, et al. Prolonged exposure for the treatment of Spanish-speaking Puerto Ricans with posttraumatic stress disorder: a feasibility study. BMC Res. Notes. 2011 Oct 17;4:415. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-415. PMID: 22005187."
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          "ref": "Wagner AW, Jakupcak M, Kowalski HM, et al. Behavioral activation as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder among returning veterans: a randomized trial. Psychiatr Serv. 2019 Oct 1;70(10):867-73. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201800572. PMID: 31337325."
        },
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        },
        {
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          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M, et al. Single-session behavioral treatment of earthquake-related posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized waiting list controlled trial. J Trauma Stress. 2005;18(1):1-11. doi: 10.1002/jts.20011. PMID: 16281190."
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          "ref": "Beck JG, Coffey SF, Foy DW, et al. Group cognitive behavior therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: an initial randomized pilot study. Behav Ther. 2009 Mar;40(1):82-92. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2008.01.003. PMID: 19187819."
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          "ref": "Fonzo GA, Goodkind MS, Oathes DJ, et al. PTSD psychotherapy outcome predicted by brain activation during emotional reactivity and regulation. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Dec 1;174(12):1163-74. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091072. PMID: 28715908."
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          "ref": "Franklin CL, Cuccurullo LA, Walton JL, et al. Face to face but not in the same place: a pilot study of prolonged exposure therapy. J Trauma Dissociation. 2017 Jan-Feb;18(1):116-30. doi: 10.1080/15299732.2016.1205704. PMID: 27348462."
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          "ref": "Hinton DE, Hofmann SG, Pollack MH, et al. Mechanisms of efficacy of CBT for Cambodian refugees with PTSD: improvement in emotion regulation and orthostatic blood pressure response. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2009 Fall;15(3):255-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2009.00100.x. PMID: 19691545."
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          "ref": "Lewis CE, Farewell D, Groves V, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety. 2017 Jun;34(6):555-65. doi: 10.1002/da.22645. PMID: 28557299."
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          "ref": "McLay RN, Wood DP, Webb-Murphy JA, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of virtual reality-graded exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in active duty service members with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011 Apr;14(4):223-9. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0003. PMID: 21332375."
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          "ref": "Monson CM, Fredman SJ, Macdonald A, et al. Effect of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy for PTSD: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012 Aug 15;308(7):700-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.9307. PMID: 22893167."
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        {
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          "ref": "Morath J, Gola H, Sommershof A, et al. The effect of trauma-focused therapy on the altered T cell distribution in individuals with PTSD: evidence from a randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res. 2014 Jul;54:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.03.016. PMID: 24726027."
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          "ref": "Mueser KT, Rosenberg SD, Xie HY, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in severe mental illness. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008 Apr;76(2):259-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.259. PMID: 18377122."
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          "ref": "Raabe S, Ehring T, Marquenie L, et al. Imagery rescripting as a stand-alone treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse: a randomized controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2022;77:101769. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101769. PMID: 36113906."
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        },
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          "ref": "Wagner AW, Jakupcak M, Kowalski HM, et al. Behavioral activation as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder among returning veterans: a randomized trial. Psychiatr Serv. 2019 Oct 1;70(10):867-73. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201800572. PMID: 31337325."
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          "ref": "Fonzo GA, Goodkind MS, Oathes DJ, et al. PTSD psychotherapy outcome predicted by brain activation during emotional reactivity and regulation. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Dec 1;174(12):1163-74. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091072. PMID: 28715908."
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          "ref": "McLay RN, Wood DP, Webb-Murphy JA, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of virtual reality-graded exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in active duty service members with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011 Apr;14(4):223-9. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0003. PMID: 21332375."
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          "ref": "Lewis CE, Farewell D, Groves V, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety. 2017 Jun;34(6):555-65. doi: 10.1002/da.22645. PMID: 28557299."
        },
        {
          "study": "McDonagh, 2005",
          "ref": "McDonagh A, Friedman MJ, McHugo GJ, et al. Randomized trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Jun;73(3):515-24. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.3.515. PMID: 15982149."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLay, 2011",
          "ref": "McLay RN, Wood DP, Webb-Murphy JA, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of virtual reality-graded exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in active duty service members with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011 Apr;14(4):223-9. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0003. PMID: 21332375."
        },
        {
          "study": "Miyahira, 2012",
          "ref": "Miyahira SD, Folen RA, Hoffman HG, et al. The effectiveness of VR exposure therapy for PTSD in returning warfighters. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2012;181:128-32. PMID: 22954842."
        },
        {
          "study": "Monson, 2012a",
          "ref": "Monson CM, Fredman SJ, Macdonald A, et al. Effect of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy for PTSD: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012 Aug 15;308(7):700-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.9307. PMID: 22893167."
        },
        {
          "study": "Morath, 2014",
          "ref": "Morath J, Gola H, Sommershof A, et al. The effect of trauma-focused therapy on the altered T cell distribution in individuals with PTSD: evidence from a randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res. 2014 Jul;54:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.03.016. PMID: 24726027."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mueser, 2008",
          "ref": "Mueser KT, Rosenberg SD, Xie HY, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in severe mental illness. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008 Apr;76(2):259-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.259. PMID: 18377122."
        },
        {
          "study": "Raabe, 2022",
          "ref": "Raabe S, Ehring T, Marquenie L, et al. Imagery rescripting as a stand-alone treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse: a randomized controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2022;77:101769. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101769. PMID: 36113906."
        },
        {
          "study": "Reger, 2016",
          "ref": "Reger GM, Koenen-Woods P, Zetocha K, et al. Randomized controlled trial of prolonged exposure using imaginal exposure vs. virtual reality exposure in active duty soldiers with deployment-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). J Consult Clin. Psychol. 2016 Nov;84(11):946-59. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000134. PMID: 27606699."
        },
        {
          "study": "Resick, 2002",
          "ref": "Resick PA, Nishith P, Weaver TL, et al. A comparison of cognitive-processing therapy with prolonged exposure and a waiting condition for the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in female rape victims. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Aug;70(4):867-79. PMID: 12182270."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson, 2022",
          "ref": "Simpson TL, Kaysen DL, Fleming CB, et al. Cognitive processing therapy or relapse prevention for comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorder: a randomized clinical trial. PLoS One. 2022;17(11):e0276111. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276111. PMID: 36445895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Kolk, 2007",
          "ref": "Van der Kolk BA, Spinazzola J, Blaustein ME, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), fluoxetine, and pill placebo in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: treatment effects and long-term maintenance. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007 Jan;68(1):37-46. doi: 10.4088/JCP.v68n0105. PMID: 17284128."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2011",
          "ref": "Vera M, Reyes-Rabanillo ML, Juarbe D, et al. Prolonged exposure for the treatment of Spanish-speaking Puerto Ricans with posttraumatic stress disorder: a feasibility study. BMC Res. Notes. 2011 Oct 17;4:415. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-415. PMID: 22005187."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wagner, 2019",
          "ref": "Wagner AW, Jakupcak M, Kowalski HM, et al. Behavioral activation as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder among returning veterans: a randomized trial. Psychiatr Serv. 2019 Oct 1;70(10):867-73. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201800572. PMID: 31337325."
        },
        {
          "study": "van den Berg, 2015",
          "ref": "van den Berg DP, de Bont PA, van der Vleugel BM, et al. Prolonged exposure vs Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing vs waiting list for posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with a psychotic disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015 Mar;72(3):259-67. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2637. PMID: 25607833."
        }
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Asukai, 2010",
          "ref": "Asukai N, Saito A, Tsuruta N, et al. Efficacy of exposure therapy for Japanese patients with posttraumatic stress disorder due to mixed traumatic events: A randomized controlled study. J Trauma Stress. 2010 Dec;23(6):744-50. doi: 10.1002/jts.20589. PMID: 21171135."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basoglu, 2007",
          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M. A randomized controlled study of single-session behavioural treatment of earthquake-related post-traumatic stress disorder using an earthquake simulator. Psychological Medicine. 2007;37(2):203-13. doi: 10.1017/S0033291706009123. PMID: 17254365."
        },
        {
          "study": "Beck, 2009",
          "ref": "Beck JG, Coffey SF, Foy DW, et al. Group cognitive behavior therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: an initial randomized pilot study. Behav Ther. 2009 Mar;40(1):82-92. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2008.01.003. PMID: 19187819."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanchard, 2003",
          "ref": "Blanchard EB, Hickling EJ, Devineni T, et al. A controlled evaluation of cognitive behavioural therapy for posttraumatic stress in motor vehicle accident survivors. Behav Res Ther. 2003 Jan;41(1):79-96. PMID: 12488121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bohus, 2013",
          "ref": "Bohus MJ, Dyer AS, Priebe K, et al. Dialectical behaviour therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder after childhood sexual abuse in patients with and without borderline personality disorder: a randomised controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2013 Jun;82(4):221-33. doi: 10.1159/000348451. PMID: 23712109."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bradshaw, 2014",
          "ref": "Bradshaw RA, McDonald MJ, Grace R, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Observed and Experiential Integration (OEI): a simple, innovative intervention for affect regulation in clients with PTSD. Traumatology (Tallahass Fla). 2014 Sep;20(3):161-71. doi: 10.1037/h0099401."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chard, 2005",
          "ref": "Chard KM. An evaluation of cognitive processing therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Oct;73(5):965-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.5.965. PMID: 16287396."
        },
        {
          "study": "Cloitre, 2002",
          "ref": "Cloitre M, Koenen KC, Cohen LR, et al. Skills training in affective and interpersonal regulation followed by exposure: a phase-based treatment for PTSD related to childhood abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Oct;70(5):1067-74. doi: 10.1037//0022-006X.70.5.1067. PMID: 12362957."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ehlers, 2003",
          "ref": "Ehlers A, Clark DM, Hackmann A, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive therapy, a self-help booklet, and repeated assessments as early interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60(10):1024-32. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.60.10.1024. PMID: 14557148."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ehlers, 2014",
          "ref": "Ehlers A, Hackmann A, Grey N, et al. A randomized controlled trial of 7-day intensive and standard weekly cognitive therapy for PTSD and emotion-focused supportive therapy. Am J Psychiatry. 2014 Mar;171(3):294-304. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13040552. PMID: 24480899."
        },
        {
          "study": "ElBarazi, 2022",
          "ref": "ElBarazi A, Badary OA, Elmazar MM, et al. Cognitive Processing Therapy versus medication for the treatment of comorbid substance use disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder in Egyptian patients (randomized clinical trial). Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies. 2022;22(2):63-90. doi: 10.24193/jebp.2022.2.13."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fecteau, 1999",
          "ref": "Fecteau GW, Nicki RM. Cognitive behavioural treatment of post traumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accident. Behav. Cogn. Psychother. 1999 Jul;27(3):201-14."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonzo, 2017",
          "ref": "Fonzo GA, Goodkind MS, Oathes DJ, et al. PTSD psychotherapy outcome predicted by brain activation during emotional reactivity and regulation. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Dec 1;174(12):1163-74. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091072. PMID: 28715908."
        },
        {
          "study": "Franklin, 2017",
          "ref": "Franklin CL, Cuccurullo LA, Walton JL, et al. Face to face but not in the same place: a pilot study of prolonged exposure therapy. J Trauma Dissociation. 2017 Jan-Feb;18(1):116-30. doi: 10.1080/15299732.2016.1205704. PMID: 27348462."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hinton, 2009",
          "ref": "Hinton DE, Hofmann SG, Pollack MH, et al. Mechanisms of efficacy of CBT for Cambodian refugees with PTSD: improvement in emotion regulation and orthostatic blood pressure response. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2009 Fall;15(3):255-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2009.00100.x. PMID: 19691545."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jacob, 2014",
          "ref": "Jacob N, Neuner F, Maedl A, et al. Dissemination of psychotherapy for trauma spectrum disorders in postconflict settings: a randomized controlled trial in Rwanda. Psychother Psychosom. 2014 Nov;83(6):354-63. doi: 10.1159/000365114. PMID: 25323203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnson DM, Zlotnick C, Perez SK. Cognitive behavioral treatment of PTSD in residents of battered women's shelters: results of a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2011 Aug;79(4):542-51. doi: 10.1037/a0023822. PMID: 21787052."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kubany, 2004",
          "ref": "Kubany ES, Hill EE, Owens JA, et al. Cognitive trauma therapy for battered women with PTSD (CTT-BW). J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004 Feb;72(1):3-18. doi: 10.1037/0022-006x.72.1.3. PMID: 14756610."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lewis, 2017",
          "ref": "Lewis CE, Farewell D, Groves V, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety. 2017 Jun;34(6):555-65. doi: 10.1002/da.22645. PMID: 28557299."
        },
        {
          "study": "McDonagh, 2005",
          "ref": "McDonagh A, Friedman MJ, McHugo GJ, et al. Randomized trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Jun;73(3):515-24. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.3.515. PMID: 15982149."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLay, 2011",
          "ref": "McLay RN, Wood DP, Webb-Murphy JA, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of virtual reality-graded exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in active duty service members with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011 Apr;14(4):223-9. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0003. PMID: 21332375."
        },
        {
          "study": "Miyahira, 2012",
          "ref": "Miyahira SD, Folen RA, Hoffman HG, et al. The effectiveness of VR exposure therapy for PTSD in returning warfighters. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2012;181:128-32. PMID: 22954842."
        },
        {
          "study": "Morath, 2014",
          "ref": "Morath J, Gola H, Sommershof A, et al. The effect of trauma-focused therapy on the altered T cell distribution in individuals with PTSD: evidence from a randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res. 2014 Jul;54:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.03.016. PMID: 24726027."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mueser, 2008",
          "ref": "Mueser KT, Rosenberg SD, Xie HY, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in severe mental illness. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008 Apr;76(2):259-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.259. PMID: 18377122."
        },
        {
          "study": "Raabe, 2022",
          "ref": "Raabe S, Ehring T, Marquenie L, et al. Imagery rescripting as a stand-alone treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse: a randomized controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2022;77:101769. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101769. PMID: 36113906."
        },
        {
          "study": "Reger, 2016",
          "ref": "Reger GM, Koenen-Woods P, Zetocha K, et al. Randomized controlled trial of prolonged exposure using imaginal exposure vs. virtual reality exposure in active duty soldiers with deployment-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). J Consult Clin. Psychol. 2016 Nov;84(11):946-59. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000134. PMID: 27606699."
        },
        {
          "study": "Resick, 2002",
          "ref": "Resick PA, Nishith P, Weaver TL, et al. A comparison of cognitive-processing therapy with prolonged exposure and a waiting condition for the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in female rape victims. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Aug;70(4):867-79. PMID: 12182270."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Kolk, 2007",
          "ref": "Van der Kolk BA, Spinazzola J, Blaustein ME, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), fluoxetine, and pill placebo in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: treatment effects and long-term maintenance. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007 Jan;68(1):37-46. doi: 10.4088/JCP.v68n0105. PMID: 17284128."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2011",
          "ref": "Vera M, Reyes-Rabanillo ML, Juarbe D, et al. Prolonged exposure for the treatment of Spanish-speaking Puerto Ricans with posttraumatic stress disorder: a feasibility study. BMC Res. Notes. 2011 Oct 17;4:415. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-415. PMID: 22005187."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wagner, 2019",
          "ref": "Wagner AW, Jakupcak M, Kowalski HM, et al. Behavioral activation as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder among returning veterans: a randomized trial. Psychiatr Serv. 2019 Oct 1;70(10):867-73. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201800572. PMID: 31337325."
        },
        {
          "study": "van den Berg, 2015",
          "ref": "van den Berg DP, de Bont PA, van der Vleugel BM, et al. Prolonged exposure vs Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing vs waiting list for posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with a psychotic disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015 Mar;72(3):259-67. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2637. PMID: 25607833."
        }
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      "full": "Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Asukai, 2010",
          "ref": "Asukai N, Saito A, Tsuruta N, et al. Efficacy of exposure therapy for Japanese patients with posttraumatic stress disorder due to mixed traumatic events: A randomized controlled study. J Trauma Stress. 2010 Dec;23(6):744-50. doi: 10.1002/jts.20589. PMID: 21171135."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basoglu, 2005",
          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M, et al. Single-session behavioral treatment of earthquake-related posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized waiting list controlled trial. J Trauma Stress. 2005;18(1):1-11. doi: 10.1002/jts.20011. PMID: 16281190."
        },
        {
          "study": "Basoglu, 2007",
          "ref": "Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M. A randomized controlled study of single-session behavioural treatment of earthquake-related post-traumatic stress disorder using an earthquake simulator. Psychological Medicine. 2007;37(2):203-13. doi: 10.1017/S0033291706009123. PMID: 17254365."
        },
        {
          "study": "Beck, 2009",
          "ref": "Beck JG, Coffey SF, Foy DW, et al. Group cognitive behavior therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: an initial randomized pilot study. Behav Ther. 2009 Mar;40(1):82-92. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2008.01.003. PMID: 19187819."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanchard, 2003",
          "ref": "Blanchard EB, Hickling EJ, Devineni T, et al. A controlled evaluation of cognitive behavioural therapy for posttraumatic stress in motor vehicle accident survivors. Behav Res Ther. 2003 Jan;41(1):79-96. PMID: 12488121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bohus, 2013",
          "ref": "Bohus MJ, Dyer AS, Priebe K, et al. Dialectical behaviour therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder after childhood sexual abuse in patients with and without borderline personality disorder: a randomised controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2013 Jun;82(4):221-33. doi: 10.1159/000348451. PMID: 23712109."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bradshaw, 2014",
          "ref": "Bradshaw RA, McDonald MJ, Grace R, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Observed and Experiential Integration (OEI): a simple, innovative intervention for affect regulation in clients with PTSD. Traumatology (Tallahass Fla). 2014 Sep;20(3):161-71. doi: 10.1037/h0099401."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chard, 2005",
          "ref": "Chard KM. An evaluation of cognitive processing therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Oct;73(5):965-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.5.965. PMID: 16287396."
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        {
          "study": "Cloitre, 2002",
          "ref": "Cloitre M, Koenen KC, Cohen LR, et al. Skills training in affective and interpersonal regulation followed by exposure: a phase-based treatment for PTSD related to childhood abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Oct;70(5):1067-74. doi: 10.1037//0022-006X.70.5.1067. PMID: 12362957."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ehlers, 2003",
          "ref": "Ehlers A, Clark DM, Hackmann A, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive therapy, a self-help booklet, and repeated assessments as early interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60(10):1024-32. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.60.10.1024. PMID: 14557148."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ehlers, 2014",
          "ref": "Ehlers A, Hackmann A, Grey N, et al. A randomized controlled trial of 7-day intensive and standard weekly cognitive therapy for PTSD and emotion-focused supportive therapy. Am J Psychiatry. 2014 Mar;171(3):294-304. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13040552. PMID: 24480899."
        },
        {
          "study": "ElBarazi, 2022",
          "ref": "ElBarazi A, Badary OA, Elmazar MM, et al. Cognitive Processing Therapy versus medication for the treatment of comorbid substance use disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder in Egyptian patients (randomized clinical trial). Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies. 2022;22(2):63-90. doi: 10.24193/jebp.2022.2.13."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fecteau, 1999",
          "ref": "Fecteau GW, Nicki RM. Cognitive behavioural treatment of post traumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accident. Behav. Cogn. Psychother. 1999 Jul;27(3):201-14."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fonzo, 2017",
          "ref": "Fonzo GA, Goodkind MS, Oathes DJ, et al. PTSD psychotherapy outcome predicted by brain activation during emotional reactivity and regulation. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Dec 1;174(12):1163-74. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091072. PMID: 28715908."
        },
        {
          "study": "Franklin, 2017",
          "ref": "Franklin CL, Cuccurullo LA, Walton JL, et al. Face to face but not in the same place: a pilot study of prolonged exposure therapy. J Trauma Dissociation. 2017 Jan-Feb;18(1):116-30. doi: 10.1080/15299732.2016.1205704. PMID: 27348462."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hinton, 2009",
          "ref": "Hinton DE, Hofmann SG, Pollack MH, et al. Mechanisms of efficacy of CBT for Cambodian refugees with PTSD: improvement in emotion regulation and orthostatic blood pressure response. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2009 Fall;15(3):255-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2009.00100.x. PMID: 19691545."
        },
        {
          "study": "Jacob, 2014",
          "ref": "Jacob N, Neuner F, Maedl A, et al. Dissemination of psychotherapy for trauma spectrum disorders in postconflict settings: a randomized controlled trial in Rwanda. Psychother Psychosom. 2014 Nov;83(6):354-63. doi: 10.1159/000365114. PMID: 25323203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Johnson, 2011",
          "ref": "Johnson DM, Zlotnick C, Perez SK. Cognitive behavioral treatment of PTSD in residents of battered women's shelters: results of a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2011 Aug;79(4):542-51. doi: 10.1037/a0023822. PMID: 21787052."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kubany, 2004",
          "ref": "Kubany ES, Hill EE, Owens JA, et al. Cognitive trauma therapy for battered women with PTSD (CTT-BW). J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004 Feb;72(1):3-18. doi: 10.1037/0022-006x.72.1.3. PMID: 14756610."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lewis, 2017",
          "ref": "Lewis CE, Farewell D, Groves V, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety. 2017 Jun;34(6):555-65. doi: 10.1002/da.22645. PMID: 28557299."
        },
        {
          "study": "McDonagh, 2005",
          "ref": "McDonagh A, Friedman MJ, McHugo GJ, et al. Randomized trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Jun;73(3):515-24. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.3.515. PMID: 15982149."
        },
        {
          "study": "McLay, 2011",
          "ref": "McLay RN, Wood DP, Webb-Murphy JA, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of virtual reality-graded exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in active duty service members with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011 Apr;14(4):223-9. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0003. PMID: 21332375."
        },
        {
          "study": "Miyahira, 2012",
          "ref": "Miyahira SD, Folen RA, Hoffman HG, et al. The effectiveness of VR exposure therapy for PTSD in returning warfighters. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2012;181:128-32. PMID: 22954842."
        },
        {
          "study": "Monson, 2012a",
          "ref": "Monson CM, Fredman SJ, Macdonald A, et al. Effect of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy for PTSD: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012 Aug 15;308(7):700-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.9307. PMID: 22893167."
        },
        {
          "study": "Morath, 2014",
          "ref": "Morath J, Gola H, Sommershof A, et al. The effect of trauma-focused therapy on the altered T cell distribution in individuals with PTSD: evidence from a randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res. 2014 Jul;54:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.03.016. PMID: 24726027."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mueser, 2008",
          "ref": "Mueser KT, Rosenberg SD, Xie HY, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in severe mental illness. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008 Apr;76(2):259-71. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.259. PMID: 18377122."
        },
        {
          "study": "Raabe, 2022",
          "ref": "Raabe S, Ehring T, Marquenie L, et al. Imagery rescripting as a stand-alone treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse: a randomized controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2022;77:101769. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101769. PMID: 36113906."
        },
        {
          "study": "Reger, 2016",
          "ref": "Reger GM, Koenen-Woods P, Zetocha K, et al. Randomized controlled trial of prolonged exposure using imaginal exposure vs. virtual reality exposure in active duty soldiers with deployment-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). J Consult Clin. Psychol. 2016 Nov;84(11):946-59. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000134. PMID: 27606699."
        },
        {
          "study": "Resick, 2002",
          "ref": "Resick PA, Nishith P, Weaver TL, et al. A comparison of cognitive-processing therapy with prolonged exposure and a waiting condition for the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in female rape victims. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Aug;70(4):867-79. PMID: 12182270."
        },
        {
          "study": "Simpson, 2022",
          "ref": "Simpson TL, Kaysen DL, Fleming CB, et al. Cognitive processing therapy or relapse prevention for comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorder: a randomized clinical trial. PLoS One. 2022;17(11):e0276111. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276111. PMID: 36445895."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van der Kolk, 2007",
          "ref": "Van der Kolk BA, Spinazzola J, Blaustein ME, et al. A randomized clinical trial of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), fluoxetine, and pill placebo in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: treatment effects and long-term maintenance. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007 Jan;68(1):37-46. doi: 10.4088/JCP.v68n0105. PMID: 17284128."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vera, 2011",
          "ref": "Vera M, Reyes-Rabanillo ML, Juarbe D, et al. Prolonged exposure for the treatment of Spanish-speaking Puerto Ricans with posttraumatic stress disorder: a feasibility study. BMC Res. Notes. 2011 Oct 17;4:415. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-415. PMID: 22005187."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wagner, 2019",
          "ref": "Wagner AW, Jakupcak M, Kowalski HM, et al. Behavioral activation as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder among returning veterans: a randomized trial. Psychiatr Serv. 2019 Oct 1;70(10):867-73. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201800572. PMID: 31337325."
        },
        {
          "study": "van den Berg, 2015",
          "ref": "van den Berg DP, de Bont PA, van der Vleugel BM, et al. Prolonged exposure vs Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing vs waiting list for posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with a psychotic disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015 Mar;72(3):259-67. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2637. PMID: 25607833."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 380,
      "instr": "CES-D",
      "full": "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
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      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 68,
      "k_es": 95,
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      "lo": 8.244,
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      "tau2": 0.21,
      "tau2w": null,
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      "i2": 98.4,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
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        },
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          "study": "Beeber, 2010",
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        },
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          "study": "Boele, 2018",
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          "study": "Boele, 2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Brown, 1984",
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        },
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          "study": "Ebert, 2014",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "ref": "Harrer, M., Apolinário-Hagen, J., Fritsche, L., Salewski, C., Zarski, A. C., Lehr, D., Baumeister, H., Cuijpers, P., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effect of an internet- and app-based stress intervention compared to online psychoeducation in university students with depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Internet Interventions, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100374"
        },
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          "study": "Heller, 2020",
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        },
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          "study": "Hermanns, 2015",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Joling, 2011",
          "ref": "Joling KJ, Hout HP, van't Veer-Tazelaar PJ, Horst HE, Cuijpers P, Ven PM, et al. How effective is bibliotherapy for very old adults with subthreshold depression? A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2011;19(3):256-65."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kelly, 1993",
          "ref": "Kelly JA, Murphy DA, Bahr GR, Kalichman SC, Morgan MG, Stevenson LY, et al. Outcome of cognitive-behavioral and support group brief therapies for depressed, HIV-infected persons. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1993;150(11):1679-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kenter, 2016",
          "ref": "Kenter, R. M. F., Cuijpers, P., Beekman, A., & van Straten, A. (2016). Effectiveness of a Web-based guided self-help intervention for outpatients with a depressive disorder: Short-term results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(3)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Korte, 2012",
          "ref": "Korte J, Bohlmeijer ET, Cappeliez P, Smit F, Westerhof GJ. Life review therapy for older adults with moderate depressive symptomatology: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(6):1163-73."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2014",
          "ref": "Kramer, J., Conijn, B., Oijevaar, P., & Riper, H. (2014). Effectiveness of a web-based solution-focused brief chat treatment for depressed adolescents and young adults: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res, 16(5), e141. doi:10.2196/jmir.3261"
        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Nobis, 2015",
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        },
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        },
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 381,
      "instr": "CES-D",
      "full": "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Three-level CHE model",
      "k": 68,
      "k_es": 95,
      "sd": 9.193,
      "lo": 8.22,
      "hi": 10.281,
      "tau2": 0.1993,
      "tau2w": 0.011,
      "plo": 3.717,
      "phi": 22.739,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afonso, 2009",
          "ref": "Afonso, R., & Bueno, B. (2009). Efectos de un programa de reminiscencia sobre la sintomatología depresiva en una muestra de población mayor portuguesa. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 44(6), 317-322."
        },
        {
          "study": "Baumgartner, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumgartner, C., Schaub, M. P., Wenger, A., Malischnig, D., Augsburger, M., Lehr, D., . . . Haug, S. (2021). \"Take Care of You\" - Efficacy of integrated, minimal-guidance, internet-based self-help for reducing co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression symptoms in adults: Results of a three-arm randomized controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Depend, 225, 108806. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108806"
        },
        {
          "study": "Beeber, 2010",
          "ref": "Beeber LS, Holditch-Davis D, Perreira K, Schwartz TA, Lewis V, Blanchard H, et al. Short-term in-home intervention reduces depressive symptoms in Early Head Start Latina mothers of infants and toddlers. Research in Nursing and Health. 2010;33(1):60-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2023",
          "ref": "Blanco V, Otero P, Vázquez FL. A pilot study for a smartphone app for the prevention of depression in non-professional caregivers. Aging Ment Health. 2023 Jan;27(1):166-175. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2056878. Epub 2022 Mar 30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2018",
          "ref": "Boele FW, Klein M, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for glioma patients with depressive symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of neuro-oncology 2018; 137(1): 191‐203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2021",
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
        {
          "study": "Buntrock, 2015",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Chesney, 2003",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2014",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2018",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Ede, 2020",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Farrer, 2011",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Fledderus, 2012",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Geraedts, 2014",
          "ref": "Geraedts AS, Kleiboer AM, Wiezer NM, van Mechelen W, Cuijpers P. Short-term effects of a web-based guided self-help intervention for employees with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2014;16(5):e121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gitlin, 2013",
          "ref": "Gitlin LN, Harris LF, McCoy MC, Chernett NL, Pizzi LT, Jutkowitz E, et al. A home-based intervention to reduce depressive symptoms and improve quality of life in older African Americans: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;159(4):243-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guo, 2020",
          "ref": "Guo Y, Hong YA, Cai W, et al. Effect of a WeChat-Based Intervention (Run4Love) on Depressive Symptoms Among People Living With HIV in China: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(2):e16715."
        },
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          "study": "Haringsma, 2006",
          "ref": "Haringsma R, Engels G, Cuijpers P, Spinhoven P. Effectiveness of the Coping With Depression (CWD) course for older adults provided by the community-based mental health care system in the Netherlands: A randomized controlled field trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2006;18(02):307-25."
        },
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          "study": "Harrer, 2021",
          "ref": "Harrer, M., Apolinário-Hagen, J., Fritsche, L., Salewski, C., Zarski, A. C., Lehr, D., Baumeister, H., Cuijpers, P., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effect of an internet- and app-based stress intervention compared to online psychoeducation in university students with depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Internet Interventions, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100374"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heller, 2020",
          "ref": "Heller HM, Hoogendoorn AW, Honig A, Broekman BFP, van Straten A. The Effectiveness of a Guided Internet-Based Tool for the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety in Pregnancy (MamaKits Online): Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(3):e15172."
        },
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          "study": "Hermanns, 2015",
          "ref": "Hermanns N, Schmitt A, Gahr A, Herder C, Nowotny B, Roden M, et al. The effect of a diabetes-specific cognitive behavioral treatment program (DIAMOS) for patients with diabetes and subclinical depression: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(4):551-60."
        },
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          "study": "Huang, 2016",
          "ref": "Huang, C.-Y., Lai, H.-L., Chen, C.-I., Lu, Y.-C., Li, S.-C., Wang, L.-W., & Su, Y. (2016). Effects of motivational enhancement therapy plus cognitive behaviour therapy on depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life in adults with type II diabetes mellitus: A randomised controlled trial. Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care & Rehabilitation, 25(5), 1275-1283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Joling, 2011",
          "ref": "Joling KJ, Hout HP, van't Veer-Tazelaar PJ, Horst HE, Cuijpers P, Ven PM, et al. How effective is bibliotherapy for very old adults with subthreshold depression? A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2011;19(3):256-65."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kelly, 1993",
          "ref": "Kelly JA, Murphy DA, Bahr GR, Kalichman SC, Morgan MG, Stevenson LY, et al. Outcome of cognitive-behavioral and support group brief therapies for depressed, HIV-infected persons. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1993;150(11):1679-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kenter, 2016",
          "ref": "Kenter, R. M. F., Cuijpers, P., Beekman, A., & van Straten, A. (2016). Effectiveness of a Web-based guided self-help intervention for outpatients with a depressive disorder: Short-term results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(3)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Korte, 2012",
          "ref": "Korte J, Bohlmeijer ET, Cappeliez P, Smit F, Westerhof GJ. Life review therapy for older adults with moderate depressive symptomatology: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(6):1163-73."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2014",
          "ref": "Kramer, J., Conijn, B., Oijevaar, P., & Riper, H. (2014). Effectiveness of a web-based solution-focused brief chat treatment for depressed adolescents and young adults: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res, 16(5), e141. doi:10.2196/jmir.3261"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2021",
          "ref": "Krämer, L. V., Grünzig, S. D., Baumeister, H., Ebert, D. D., & Bengel, J. (2021). Effectiveness of a Guided Web-Based Intervention to Reduce Depressive Symptoms before Outpatient Psychotherapy: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 90(4), 233-242. https://doi.org/10.1159/000515625"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lamers, 2015",
          "ref": "Lamers SMA, Bohlmeijer ET, Korte J, Westerhof GJ. The efficacy of life-review as online-guided self-help for adults: A randomized trial. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 2015; 70B(1): 24-34."
        },
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          "study": "Lee, 2021",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Lintvedt, 2013",
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        },
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          "study": "Losada, 2015",
          "ref": "Losada A, Márquez-González M, Romero-Moreno R, Mausbach BT, López J, Fernández-Fernández V, et al. Cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for dementia family caregivers with significant depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(4):760-72."
        },
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          "study": "McCusker, 2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Mennen, 2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Moskowitz, 2021",
          "ref": "Moskowitz, J. T., Addington, E. L., Shiu, E., Bassett, S. M., Schuette, S., Kwok, I., Freedman, M. E., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., Cohn, M. A., & Cheung, E. O. Facilitator Contact, Discussion Boards, and Virtual Badges as Adherence Enhancements to a Web-Based, Self-guided, Positive Psychological Intervention for Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 23(9), e25922."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nobis, 2015",
          "ref": "Nobis S, Lehr D, Ebert DD, Baumeister H, Snoek F, Riper H, et al. Efficacy of a web-based intervention with mobile phone support in treating depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(5):776-83."
        },
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          "study": "Pachankis, 2020",
          "ref": "Pachankis JE, McConocha EM, Clark KA, Wang K, Behari K, Fetzner BK, et al. A transdiagnostic minority stress intervention for gender diverse sexual minority women's depression, anxiety, and unhealthy alcohol use: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 2020;88(7):613-30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Penckofer, 2012",
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        },
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          "study": "Pibernik-Okanovic, 2015",
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        },
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          "study": "Pot, 2010",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Schlicker, 2020",
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        },
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          "study": "Schuster, 2017",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Serrano, 2004",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Tobin, 2017",
          "ref": "Tobin, K., Davey-Rothwell, M. A., Nonyane, B. A. S., Knowlton, A., Wissow, L., & Latkin, C. A. (2017). RCT of an integrated CBT-HIV intervention on depressive symptoms and HIV risk."
        },
        {
          "study": "Unlu-Ince, 2013",
          "ref": "Unlu Ince B, Cuijpers P, t Hof E, Ballegooijen W, Christensen H, Riper H. Internet-based, culturally sensitive, problem-solving therapy for Turkish migrants with depression: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2013;15(10):e227."
        },
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          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
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        },
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          "study": "Vazquez, 2017",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Torres, Á., Otero, P., Blanco, V., Díaz, O., & Estévez, L. E. (2017). Analysis of the components of a cognitive-behavioral intervention administered via conference call for preventing depression among non-professional caregivers: A pilot study. Aging Ment Health, 21(9), 938-946."
        },
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          "study": "Vazquez, 2020",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Blanco, V., Hita, I., Torres, Á. J., Otero, P., Páramo, M., & Salmerón, M. (2023). Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(18)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez-Gonzalez, 2013",
          "ref": "Vázquez González FL, Otero Otero P, Torres Iglesias A, Hermida Garcìa E, Blanco Seoane V, Dìaz Fernández O. A brief problem-solving indicated-prevention intervention for prevention of depression in nonprofessional caregivers. Psicothema. 2013;25(1):87-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vázquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., et al. (2023). \"Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial.\" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12(18). "
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker, 2014",
          "ref": "Walker JV, Lampropoulos GK. A comparison of self-help (homework) activities for mood enhancement: Results from a brief randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration. 2014;24(1):46-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Warmerdam, 2008",
          "ref": "Warmerdam L, Straten A, Twisk J, Riper H, Cuijpers P. Internet-based treatment for adults with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2008;10(4):e44."
        },
        {
          "study": "Westerhof, 2019",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Wuthrich, 2013",
          "ref": "Wuthrich VM, Rapee RM. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behavioural therapy for comorbid anxiety and depression in older adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2013;51(12):779-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
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        },
        {
          "study": "van der Zanden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Zanden, R., Kramer, J., Gerrits, R., & Cuijpers, P. (2012). Effectiveness of an online group course for depression in adolescents and young adults: a randomized trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 14(3), e86."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 382,
      "instr": "CES-D",
      "full": "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Fixed-effect",
      "k": 68,
      "k_es": 95,
      "sd": 9.204,
      "lo": 9.079,
      "hi": 9.33,
      "tau2": null,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": null,
      "phi": null,
      "i2": 98.1,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afonso, 2009",
          "ref": "Afonso, R., & Bueno, B. (2009). Efectos de un programa de reminiscencia sobre la sintomatología depresiva en una muestra de población mayor portuguesa. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 44(6), 317-322."
        },
        {
          "study": "Baumgartner, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumgartner, C., Schaub, M. P., Wenger, A., Malischnig, D., Augsburger, M., Lehr, D., . . . Haug, S. (2021). \"Take Care of You\" - Efficacy of integrated, minimal-guidance, internet-based self-help for reducing co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression symptoms in adults: Results of a three-arm randomized controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Depend, 225, 108806. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108806"
        },
        {
          "study": "Beeber, 2010",
          "ref": "Beeber LS, Holditch-Davis D, Perreira K, Schwartz TA, Lewis V, Blanchard H, et al. Short-term in-home intervention reduces depressive symptoms in Early Head Start Latina mothers of infants and toddlers. Research in Nursing and Health. 2010;33(1):60-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2023",
          "ref": "Blanco V, Otero P, Vázquez FL. A pilot study for a smartphone app for the prevention of depression in non-professional caregivers. Aging Ment Health. 2023 Jan;27(1):166-175. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2056878. Epub 2022 Mar 30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2018",
          "ref": "Boele FW, Klein M, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for glioma patients with depressive symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of neuro-oncology 2018; 137(1): 191‐203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2021",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Kramer, 2014",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "ref": "Vázquez González FL, Otero Otero P, Torres Iglesias A, Hermida Garcìa E, Blanco Seoane V, Dìaz Fernández O. A brief problem-solving indicated-prevention intervention for prevention of depression in nonprofessional caregivers. Psicothema. 2013;25(1):87-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vázquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., et al. (2023). \"Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial.\" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12(18). "
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker, 2014",
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          "study": "Warmerdam, 2008",
          "ref": "Warmerdam L, Straten A, Twisk J, Riper H, Cuijpers P. Internet-based treatment for adults with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2008;10(4):e44."
        },
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          "study": "Westerhof, 2019",
          "ref": "Westerhof, G. J., Lamers, S. M. A., Postel, M. G., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2019). Online Therapy for Depressive Symptoms: An Evaluation of Counselor-Led and Peer-Supported Life Review Therapy. The Gerontologist, 59(1), 135-146. doi:10.1093/geront/gnx140"
        },
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          "ref": "Wuthrich VM, Rapee RM. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behavioural therapy for comorbid anxiety and depression in older adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2013;51(12):779-86."
        },
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        },
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          "study": "van der Zanden, 2012",
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 383,
      "instr": "CES-D",
      "full": "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Outliers removed (sensitivity)",
      "k": 45,
      "k_es": 60,
      "sd": 9.551,
      "lo": 9.215,
      "hi": 9.9,
      "tau2": 0.0108,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 7.766,
      "phi": 11.746,
      "i2": 77.2,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Guo, 2020",
          "ref": "Guo Y, Hong YA, Cai W, et al. Effect of a WeChat-Based Intervention (Run4Love) on Depressive Symptoms Among People Living With HIV in China: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(2):e16715."
        },
        {
          "study": "Haringsma, 2006",
          "ref": "Haringsma R, Engels G, Cuijpers P, Spinhoven P. Effectiveness of the Coping With Depression (CWD) course for older adults provided by the community-based mental health care system in the Netherlands: A randomized controlled field trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2006;18(02):307-25."
        },
        {
          "study": "Harrer, 2021",
          "ref": "Harrer, M., Apolinário-Hagen, J., Fritsche, L., Salewski, C., Zarski, A. C., Lehr, D., Baumeister, H., Cuijpers, P., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effect of an internet- and app-based stress intervention compared to online psychoeducation in university students with depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Internet Interventions, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100374"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heller, 2020",
          "ref": "Heller HM, Hoogendoorn AW, Honig A, Broekman BFP, van Straten A. The Effectiveness of a Guided Internet-Based Tool for the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety in Pregnancy (MamaKits Online): Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(3):e15172."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hermanns, 2015",
          "ref": "Hermanns N, Schmitt A, Gahr A, Herder C, Nowotny B, Roden M, et al. The effect of a diabetes-specific cognitive behavioral treatment program (DIAMOS) for patients with diabetes and subclinical depression: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(4):551-60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kelly, 1993",
          "ref": "Kelly JA, Murphy DA, Bahr GR, Kalichman SC, Morgan MG, Stevenson LY, et al. Outcome of cognitive-behavioral and support group brief therapies for depressed, HIV-infected persons. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1993;150(11):1679-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Korte, 2012",
          "ref": "Korte J, Bohlmeijer ET, Cappeliez P, Smit F, Westerhof GJ. Life review therapy for older adults with moderate depressive symptomatology: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(6):1163-73."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2014",
          "ref": "Kramer, J., Conijn, B., Oijevaar, P., & Riper, H. (2014). Effectiveness of a web-based solution-focused brief chat treatment for depressed adolescents and young adults: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res, 16(5), e141. doi:10.2196/jmir.3261"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2021",
          "ref": "Krämer, L. V., Grünzig, S. D., Baumeister, H., Ebert, D. D., & Bengel, J. (2021). Effectiveness of a Guided Web-Based Intervention to Reduce Depressive Symptoms before Outpatient Psychotherapy: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 90(4), 233-242. https://doi.org/10.1159/000515625"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lamers, 2015",
          "ref": "Lamers SMA, Bohlmeijer ET, Korte J, Westerhof GJ. The efficacy of life-review as online-guided self-help for adults: A randomized trial. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 2015; 70B(1): 24-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Losada, 2015",
          "ref": "Losada A, Márquez-González M, Romero-Moreno R, Mausbach BT, López J, Fernández-Fernández V, et al. Cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for dementia family caregivers with significant depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(4):760-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "McCusker, 2021",
          "ref": "McCusker, J., Jones, J. M., Li, M., Faria, R., Yaffe, M. J., Lambert, S. D., Ciampi, A., Belzile, E., & de Raad, M. (2021). CanDirect: Effectiveness of a Telephone-Supported Depression Self-Care Intervention for Cancer Survivors. J Clin Oncol, 39(10), 1150-1161. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.20.01802"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennen, 2021",
          "ref": "Mennen, F. E., Palmer Molina, A., Monro, W. L., Duan, L., Stuart, S., & Sosna, T. (2021). Effectiveness of an Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) Group Depression Treatment for Head Start Mothers: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. J Affect Disord, 280(Pt B), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.074"
        },
        {
          "study": "Nobis, 2015",
          "ref": "Nobis S, Lehr D, Ebert DD, Baumeister H, Snoek F, Riper H, et al. Efficacy of a web-based intervention with mobile phone support in treating depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(5):776-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pachankis, 2020",
          "ref": "Pachankis JE, McConocha EM, Clark KA, Wang K, Behari K, Fetzner BK, et al. A transdiagnostic minority stress intervention for gender diverse sexual minority women's depression, anxiety, and unhealthy alcohol use: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 2020;88(7):613-30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Penckofer, 2012",
          "ref": "Penckofer SM, Ferrans C, Mumby P, Byrn M, Emanuele MA, Harrison PR, et al. A psychoeducational intervention (SWEEP) for depressed women with diabetes. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2012;44(2):192-206."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pibernik-Okanovic, 2015",
          "ref": "Pibernik-Okanović M, Hermanns N, Ajduković D, Kos J, Prašek M, Šekerija M, Lovrenčić MV. Does treatment of subsyndromal depression improve depression-related and diabetes-related outcomes? A randomised controlled comparison of psychoeducation, physical exercise and enhanced treatment as usual. Trials. 2015 Jul 15;16:305."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pot, 2010",
          "ref": "Pot AM, Bohlmeijer ET, Onrust S, Melenhorst A-S, Veerbeek M, De Vries W. The impact of life review on depression in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2010;22(4):572-81."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pots, 2014",
          "ref": "Pots WTM, Meulenbeek PAM, Veehof MM, Klungers J, Bohlmeijer ET. The efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a public mental health intervention for adults with mild to moderate depressive symptomatology: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2014;9(10)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pots, 2016",
          "ref": "Pots WT, Fledderus M, Meulenbeek PA, ten Klooster PM, Schreurs KM, Bohlmeijer ET. Acceptance and commitment therapy as a web-based intervention for depressive symptoms: Randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2016;208(1):69-77."
        },
        {
          "study": "Roepke, 2015",
          "ref": "Roepke AM, Jaffee SR, Riffle OM, McGonigal J, Broome R, Maxwell B. Randomized controlled trial of SuperBetter, a smartphone-based/internet-based self-help tool to reduce depressive symptoms. Games for Health 2015-4(3): 235-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2016",
          "ref": "Safren SA, Bedoya CA, O'Cleirigh C, Biello KB, Pinkston MM, Stein MD, et al. Cognitive behavioural therapy for adherence and depression in patients with HIV: A three-arm randomised controlled trial. The Lancet HIV. 2016;3(11):e529-e38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schlicker, 2020",
          "ref": "Schlicker S, Baumeister H, Buntrock C, et al. A web- And mobile-based intervention for comorbid, recurrent depression in patients with chronic back pain on sick leave (get.back): Pilot randomized controlled trial on feasibility, user satisfaction, and effectiveness. JMIR Mental Health. 2020;7(4)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Serrano, 2004",
          "ref": "Serrano JP, Latorre JM, Gatz M, Montanes J. Life review therapy using autobiographical retrieval practice for older adults with depressive symptomatology. Psychology and Aging. 2004;19(2):270-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tobin, 2017",
          "ref": "Tobin, K., Davey-Rothwell, M. A., Nonyane, B. A. S., Knowlton, A., Wissow, L., & Latkin, C. A. (2017). RCT of an integrated CBT-HIV intervention on depressive symptoms and HIV risk."
        },
        {
          "study": "Unlu-Ince, 2013",
          "ref": "Unlu Ince B, Cuijpers P, t Hof E, Ballegooijen W, Christensen H, Riper H. Internet-based, culturally sensitive, problem-solving therapy for Turkish migrants with depression: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2013;15(10):e227."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Blanco, V., Hita, I., Torres, Á. J., Otero, P., Páramo, M., & Salmerón, M. (2023). Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(18)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vázquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., et al. (2023). \"Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial.\" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12(18). "
        },
        {
          "study": "Warmerdam, 2008",
          "ref": "Warmerdam L, Straten A, Twisk J, Riper H, Cuijpers P. Internet-based treatment for adults with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2008;10(4):e44."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wuthrich, 2013",
          "ref": "Wuthrich VM, Rapee RM. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behavioural therapy for comorbid anxiety and depression in older adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2013;51(12):779-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "van der Zanden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Zanden, R., Kramer, J., Gerrits, R., & Cuijpers, P. (2012). Effectiveness of an online group course for depression in adolescents and young adults: a randomized trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 14(3), e86."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 384,
      "instr": "CES-D",
      "full": "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "No subgroup",
      "sgv": "-",
      "model": "Influence analysis (sensitivity)",
      "k": 65,
      "k_es": 92,
      "sd": 8.978,
      "lo": 8.346,
      "hi": 9.659,
      "tau2": 0.0854,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 5.04,
      "phi": 15.995,
      "i2": 96.3,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afonso, 2009",
          "ref": "Afonso, R., & Bueno, B. (2009). Efectos de un programa de reminiscencia sobre la sintomatología depresiva en una muestra de población mayor portuguesa. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 44(6), 317-322."
        },
        {
          "study": "Baumgartner, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumgartner, C., Schaub, M. P., Wenger, A., Malischnig, D., Augsburger, M., Lehr, D., . . . Haug, S. (2021). \"Take Care of You\" - Efficacy of integrated, minimal-guidance, internet-based self-help for reducing co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression symptoms in adults: Results of a three-arm randomized controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Depend, 225, 108806. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108806"
        },
        {
          "study": "Beeber, 2010",
          "ref": "Beeber LS, Holditch-Davis D, Perreira K, Schwartz TA, Lewis V, Blanchard H, et al. Short-term in-home intervention reduces depressive symptoms in Early Head Start Latina mothers of infants and toddlers. Research in Nursing and Health. 2010;33(1):60-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2023",
          "ref": "Blanco V, Otero P, Vázquez FL. A pilot study for a smartphone app for the prevention of depression in non-professional caregivers. Aging Ment Health. 2023 Jan;27(1):166-175. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2056878. Epub 2022 Mar 30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2018",
          "ref": "Boele FW, Klein M, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for glioma patients with depressive symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of neuro-oncology 2018; 137(1): 191‐203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bohlmeijer, 2011",
          "ref": "Bohlmeijer ET, Fledderus M, Rokx TA, Pieterse ME. Efficacy of an early intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy for adults with depressive symptomatology: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy. 2011;49(1):62-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bower, 2021",
          "ref": "Bower, J. E., Partridge, A. H., Wolff, A. C., Thorner, E. D., Irwin, M. R., Joffe, H., Petersen, L., Crespi, C. M., & Ganz, P. A. (2021, Nov 1). Targeting Depressive Symptoms in Younger Breast Cancer Survivors: The Pathways to Wellness Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness Meditation and Survivorship Education. J Clin Oncol, 39(31), 3473-3484. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.21.00279"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
        {
          "study": "Buntrock, 2015",
          "ref": "Buntrock C, Ebert D, Lehr D, Riper H, Smit F, Cuijpers P, et al. Effectiveness of a web-based cognitive behavioural intervention for subthreshold depression: Pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(6):348-58."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chesney, 2003",
          "ref": "Chesney MA, Chambers DB, Taylor JM, Johnson LM, Folkman S. Coping effectiveness training for men living with HIV: Results from a randomized clinical trial testing a group-based intervention. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2003;65(6):1038-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2014",
          "ref": "Ebert, D. D., Lehr, D., Boß, L., Riper, H., Cuijpers, P., Andersson, G., . . . Berking, M. (2014). Efficacy of an internet-based problem-solving training for teachers: results of a randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 582-596. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2018",
          "ref": "Ebert DD, Buntrock C, Lehr D, et al. Effectiveness of Web- and Mobile-Based Treatment of Subthreshold Depression With Adherence-Focused Guidance: a Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior therapy 2018; 49(1): 71‐83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Farrer, 2011",
          "ref": "Farrer L, Christensen H, Griffiths KM, Mackinnon A. Internet-based CBT for depression with and without telephone tracking in a national helpline: Randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e28099."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fledderus, 2012",
          "ref": "Fledderus M, Bohlmeijer ET, Pieterse ME, Schreurs KM. Acceptance and commitment therapy as guided self-help for psychological distress and positive mental health: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(3):485-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Geraedts, 2014",
          "ref": "Geraedts AS, Kleiboer AM, Wiezer NM, van Mechelen W, Cuijpers P. Short-term effects of a web-based guided self-help intervention for employees with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2014;16(5):e121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gitlin, 2013",
          "ref": "Gitlin LN, Harris LF, McCoy MC, Chernett NL, Pizzi LT, Jutkowitz E, et al. A home-based intervention to reduce depressive symptoms and improve quality of life in older African Americans: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;159(4):243-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guo, 2020",
          "ref": "Guo Y, Hong YA, Cai W, et al. Effect of a WeChat-Based Intervention (Run4Love) on Depressive Symptoms Among People Living With HIV in China: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(2):e16715."
        },
        {
          "study": "Haringsma, 2006",
          "ref": "Haringsma R, Engels G, Cuijpers P, Spinhoven P. Effectiveness of the Coping With Depression (CWD) course for older adults provided by the community-based mental health care system in the Netherlands: A randomized controlled field trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2006;18(02):307-25."
        },
        {
          "study": "Harrer, 2021",
          "ref": "Harrer, M., Apolinário-Hagen, J., Fritsche, L., Salewski, C., Zarski, A. C., Lehr, D., Baumeister, H., Cuijpers, P., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effect of an internet- and app-based stress intervention compared to online psychoeducation in university students with depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Internet Interventions, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100374"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heller, 2020",
          "ref": "Heller HM, Hoogendoorn AW, Honig A, Broekman BFP, van Straten A. The Effectiveness of a Guided Internet-Based Tool for the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety in Pregnancy (MamaKits Online): Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(3):e15172."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hermanns, 2015",
          "ref": "Hermanns N, Schmitt A, Gahr A, Herder C, Nowotny B, Roden M, et al. The effect of a diabetes-specific cognitive behavioral treatment program (DIAMOS) for patients with diabetes and subclinical depression: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(4):551-60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2016",
          "ref": "Huang, C.-Y., Lai, H.-L., Chen, C.-I., Lu, Y.-C., Li, S.-C., Wang, L.-W., & Su, Y. (2016). Effects of motivational enhancement therapy plus cognitive behaviour therapy on depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life in adults with type II diabetes mellitus: A randomised controlled trial. Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care & Rehabilitation, 25(5), 1275-1283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Joling, 2011",
          "ref": "Joling KJ, Hout HP, van't Veer-Tazelaar PJ, Horst HE, Cuijpers P, Ven PM, et al. How effective is bibliotherapy for very old adults with subthreshold depression? A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2011;19(3):256-65."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kelly, 1993",
          "ref": "Kelly JA, Murphy DA, Bahr GR, Kalichman SC, Morgan MG, Stevenson LY, et al. Outcome of cognitive-behavioral and support group brief therapies for depressed, HIV-infected persons. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1993;150(11):1679-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kenter, 2016",
          "ref": "Kenter, R. M. F., Cuijpers, P., Beekman, A., & van Straten, A. (2016). Effectiveness of a Web-based guided self-help intervention for outpatients with a depressive disorder: Short-term results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(3)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Korte, 2012",
          "ref": "Korte J, Bohlmeijer ET, Cappeliez P, Smit F, Westerhof GJ. Life review therapy for older adults with moderate depressive symptomatology: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(6):1163-73."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2014",
          "ref": "Kramer, J., Conijn, B., Oijevaar, P., & Riper, H. (2014). Effectiveness of a web-based solution-focused brief chat treatment for depressed adolescents and young adults: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res, 16(5), e141. doi:10.2196/jmir.3261"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2021",
          "ref": "Krämer, L. V., Grünzig, S. D., Baumeister, H., Ebert, D. D., & Bengel, J. (2021). Effectiveness of a Guided Web-Based Intervention to Reduce Depressive Symptoms before Outpatient Psychotherapy: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 90(4), 233-242. https://doi.org/10.1159/000515625"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lamers, 2015",
          "ref": "Lamers SMA, Bohlmeijer ET, Korte J, Westerhof GJ. The efficacy of life-review as online-guided self-help for adults: A randomized trial. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 2015; 70B(1): 24-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee, 2021",
          "ref": "Lee, E., Han, Y., Cha, Y. J., Oh, J. H., Hwang, N. R., Seo, H. J., & Choi, K. H. (2021). Community-Based Multi-Site Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation for Patients with Depressive Disorders [Article in Press]. Community mental health journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-021-00828-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Levin, 2011",
          "ref": "Levin W, Campbell DR, McGovern KB, Gau JM, Kosty DB, Seeley JR, et al. A computer-assisted depression intervention in primary care. Psychological Medicine. 2011;41(7):1373-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lintvedt, 2013",
          "ref": "Lintvedt OK, Griffiths KM, Sorensen K, ÿstvik AR, Wang CE, Eisemann M, et al. Evaluating the effectiveness and efficacy of unguided internet-based self-help intervention for the prevention of depression: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2013;20(1):10-27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Losada, 2015",
          "ref": "Losada A, Márquez-González M, Romero-Moreno R, Mausbach BT, López J, Fernández-Fernández V, et al. Cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for dementia family caregivers with significant depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(4):760-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "McCusker, 2021",
          "ref": "McCusker, J., Jones, J. M., Li, M., Faria, R., Yaffe, M. J., Lambert, S. D., Ciampi, A., Belzile, E., & de Raad, M. (2021). CanDirect: Effectiveness of a Telephone-Supported Depression Self-Care Intervention for Cancer Survivors. J Clin Oncol, 39(10), 1150-1161. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.20.01802"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennen, 2021",
          "ref": "Mennen, F. E., Palmer Molina, A., Monro, W. L., Duan, L., Stuart, S., & Sosna, T. (2021). Effectiveness of an Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) Group Depression Treatment for Head Start Mothers: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. J Affect Disord, 280(Pt B), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.074"
        },
        {
          "study": "Moskowitz, 2021",
          "ref": "Moskowitz, J. T., Addington, E. L., Shiu, E., Bassett, S. M., Schuette, S., Kwok, I., Freedman, M. E., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., Cohn, M. A., & Cheung, E. O. Facilitator Contact, Discussion Boards, and Virtual Badges as Adherence Enhancements to a Web-Based, Self-guided, Positive Psychological Intervention for Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 23(9), e25922."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nobis, 2015",
          "ref": "Nobis S, Lehr D, Ebert DD, Baumeister H, Snoek F, Riper H, et al. Efficacy of a web-based intervention with mobile phone support in treating depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(5):776-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pachankis, 2020",
          "ref": "Pachankis JE, McConocha EM, Clark KA, Wang K, Behari K, Fetzner BK, et al. A transdiagnostic minority stress intervention for gender diverse sexual minority women's depression, anxiety, and unhealthy alcohol use: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 2020;88(7):613-30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Penckofer, 2012",
          "ref": "Penckofer SM, Ferrans C, Mumby P, Byrn M, Emanuele MA, Harrison PR, et al. A psychoeducational intervention (SWEEP) for depressed women with diabetes. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2012;44(2):192-206."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pibernik-Okanovic, 2015",
          "ref": "Pibernik-Okanović M, Hermanns N, Ajduković D, Kos J, Prašek M, Šekerija M, Lovrenčić MV. Does treatment of subsyndromal depression improve depression-related and diabetes-related outcomes? A randomised controlled comparison of psychoeducation, physical exercise and enhanced treatment as usual. Trials. 2015 Jul 15;16:305."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pot, 2010",
          "ref": "Pot AM, Bohlmeijer ET, Onrust S, Melenhorst A-S, Veerbeek M, De Vries W. The impact of life review on depression in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2010;22(4):572-81."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pots, 2014",
          "ref": "Pots WTM, Meulenbeek PAM, Veehof MM, Klungers J, Bohlmeijer ET. The efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a public mental health intervention for adults with mild to moderate depressive symptomatology: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2014;9(10)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pots, 2016",
          "ref": "Pots WT, Fledderus M, Meulenbeek PA, ten Klooster PM, Schreurs KM, Bohlmeijer ET. Acceptance and commitment therapy as a web-based intervention for depressive symptoms: Randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2016;208(1):69-77."
        },
        {
          "study": "Roepke, 2015",
          "ref": "Roepke AM, Jaffee SR, Riffle OM, McGonigal J, Broome R, Maxwell B. Randomized controlled trial of SuperBetter, a smartphone-based/internet-based self-help tool to reduce depressive symptoms. Games for Health 2015-4(3): 235-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2016",
          "ref": "Safren SA, Bedoya CA, O'Cleirigh C, Biello KB, Pinkston MM, Stein MD, et al. Cognitive behavioural therapy for adherence and depression in patients with HIV: A three-arm randomised controlled trial. The Lancet HIV. 2016;3(11):e529-e38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2021",
          "ref": "Safren, S. A., O'Cleirigh, C., Andersen, L. S., Magidson, J. F., Lee, J. S., Bainter, S. A., . . . Joska, J. A. (2021). Treating depression and improving adherence in HIV care with task-shared cognitive behavioural therapy in Khayelitsha, South Africa: a randomized controlled trial. J Int AIDS Soc, 24(10), e25823. doi:10.1002/jia2.25823"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schlicker, 2020",
          "ref": "Schlicker S, Baumeister H, Buntrock C, et al. A web- And mobile-based intervention for comorbid, recurrent depression in patients with chronic back pain on sick leave (get.back): Pilot randomized controlled trial on feasibility, user satisfaction, and effectiveness. JMIR Mental Health. 2020;7(4)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schuster, 2017",
          "ref": "Schuster, R., Leitner, I., Carlbring, P., & Laireiter, A.-R. (2017). Exploring blended group interventions for depression: randomised controlled feasibility study of a blended computer- and multimedia-supported psychoeducational group intervention for adults with depressive symptoms. Internet Interventions, 8, 63-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Serrano, 2004",
          "ref": "Serrano JP, Latorre JM, Gatz M, Montanes J. Life review therapy using autobiographical retrieval practice for older adults with depressive symptomatology. Psychology and Aging. 2004;19(2):270-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tobin, 2017",
          "ref": "Tobin, K., Davey-Rothwell, M. A., Nonyane, B. A. S., Knowlton, A., Wissow, L., & Latkin, C. A. (2017). RCT of an integrated CBT-HIV intervention on depressive symptoms and HIV risk."
        },
        {
          "study": "Unlu-Ince, 2013",
          "ref": "Unlu Ince B, Cuijpers P, t Hof E, Ballegooijen W, Christensen H, Riper H. Internet-based, culturally sensitive, problem-solving therapy for Turkish migrants with depression: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2013;15(10):e227."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
          "ref": "van Luenen, S., Garnefski, N., Spinhoven, P., & Kraaij, V. (2018). Guided internet-based intervention for people with HIV and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial in the Netherlands. The lancet HIV, 5(9), e488-e497."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2017",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Torres, Á., Otero, P., Blanco, V., Díaz, O., & Estévez, L. E. (2017). Analysis of the components of a cognitive-behavioral intervention administered via conference call for preventing depression among non-professional caregivers: A pilot study. Aging Ment Health, 21(9), 938-946."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2020",
          "ref": "Vázquez FL, López L, Torres Á J, et al. Analysis of the Components of a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for the prevention of Depression Administered via Conference Call to Nonprofessional Caregivers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(6)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Blanco, V., Hita, I., Torres, Á. J., Otero, P., Páramo, M., & Salmerón, M. (2023). Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(18)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez-Gonzalez, 2013",
          "ref": "Vázquez González FL, Otero Otero P, Torres Iglesias A, Hermida Garcìa E, Blanco Seoane V, Dìaz Fernández O. A brief problem-solving indicated-prevention intervention for prevention of depression in nonprofessional caregivers. Psicothema. 2013;25(1):87-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vázquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., et al. (2023). \"Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial.\" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12(18). "
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker, 2014",
          "ref": "Walker JV, Lampropoulos GK. A comparison of self-help (homework) activities for mood enhancement: Results from a brief randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration. 2014;24(1):46-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Warmerdam, 2008",
          "ref": "Warmerdam L, Straten A, Twisk J, Riper H, Cuijpers P. Internet-based treatment for adults with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2008;10(4):e44."
        },
        {
          "study": "Westerhof, 2019",
          "ref": "Westerhof, G. J., Lamers, S. M. A., Postel, M. G., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2019). Online Therapy for Depressive Symptoms: An Evaluation of Counselor-Led and Peer-Supported Life Review Therapy. The Gerontologist, 59(1), 135-146. doi:10.1093/geront/gnx140"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wuthrich, 2013",
          "ref": "Wuthrich VM, Rapee RM. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behavioural therapy for comorbid anxiety and depression in older adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2013;51(12):779-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "van der Zanden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Zanden, R., Kramer, J., Gerrits, R., & Cuijpers, P. (2012). Effectiveness of an online group course for depression in adolescents and young adults: a randomized trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 14(3), e86."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Baumgartner, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumgartner, C., Schaub, M. P., Wenger, A., Malischnig, D., Augsburger, M., Lehr, D., . . . Haug, S. (2021). \"Take Care of You\" - Efficacy of integrated, minimal-guidance, internet-based self-help for reducing co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression symptoms in adults: Results of a three-arm randomized controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Depend, 225, 108806. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108806"
        },
        {
          "study": "Beeber, 2010",
          "ref": "Beeber LS, Holditch-Davis D, Perreira K, Schwartz TA, Lewis V, Blanchard H, et al. Short-term in-home intervention reduces depressive symptoms in Early Head Start Latina mothers of infants and toddlers. Research in Nursing and Health. 2010;33(1):60-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2023",
          "ref": "Blanco V, Otero P, Vázquez FL. A pilot study for a smartphone app for the prevention of depression in non-professional caregivers. Aging Ment Health. 2023 Jan;27(1):166-175. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2056878. Epub 2022 Mar 30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2018",
          "ref": "Boele FW, Klein M, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for glioma patients with depressive symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of neuro-oncology 2018; 137(1): 191‐203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2021",
          "ref": "Boele, F. W., et al. (2021). \"The effects of SmartCare© on neuro-oncology family caregivers’ distress: a randomized controlled trial.\" Supportive Care in Cancer."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bohlmeijer, 2011",
          "ref": "Bohlmeijer ET, Fledderus M, Rokx TA, Pieterse ME. Efficacy of an early intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy for adults with depressive symptomatology: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy. 2011;49(1):62-7."
        },
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          "study": "Bower, 2021",
          "ref": "Bower, J. E., Partridge, A. H., Wolff, A. C., Thorner, E. D., Irwin, M. R., Joffe, H., Petersen, L., Crespi, C. M., & Ganz, P. A. (2021, Nov 1). Targeting Depressive Symptoms in Younger Breast Cancer Survivors: The Pathways to Wellness Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness Meditation and Survivorship Education. J Clin Oncol, 39(31), 3473-3484. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.21.00279"
        },
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          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
        {
          "study": "Buntrock, 2015",
          "ref": "Buntrock C, Ebert D, Lehr D, Riper H, Smit F, Cuijpers P, et al. Effectiveness of a web-based cognitive behavioural intervention for subthreshold depression: Pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(6):348-58."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chesney, 2003",
          "ref": "Chesney MA, Chambers DB, Taylor JM, Johnson LM, Folkman S. Coping effectiveness training for men living with HIV: Results from a randomized clinical trial testing a group-based intervention. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2003;65(6):1038-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2014",
          "ref": "Ebert, D. D., Lehr, D., Boß, L., Riper, H., Cuijpers, P., Andersson, G., . . . Berking, M. (2014). Efficacy of an internet-based problem-solving training for teachers: results of a randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 582-596. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2018",
          "ref": "Ebert DD, Buntrock C, Lehr D, et al. Effectiveness of Web- and Mobile-Based Treatment of Subthreshold Depression With Adherence-Focused Guidance: a Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior therapy 2018; 49(1): 71‐83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Farrer, 2011",
          "ref": "Farrer L, Christensen H, Griffiths KM, Mackinnon A. Internet-based CBT for depression with and without telephone tracking in a national helpline: Randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e28099."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fledderus, 2012",
          "ref": "Fledderus M, Bohlmeijer ET, Pieterse ME, Schreurs KM. Acceptance and commitment therapy as guided self-help for psychological distress and positive mental health: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(3):485-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Geraedts, 2014",
          "ref": "Geraedts AS, Kleiboer AM, Wiezer NM, van Mechelen W, Cuijpers P. Short-term effects of a web-based guided self-help intervention for employees with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2014;16(5):e121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guo, 2020",
          "ref": "Guo Y, Hong YA, Cai W, et al. Effect of a WeChat-Based Intervention (Run4Love) on Depressive Symptoms Among People Living With HIV in China: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(2):e16715."
        },
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          "study": "Harrer, 2021",
          "ref": "Harrer, M., Apolinário-Hagen, J., Fritsche, L., Salewski, C., Zarski, A. C., Lehr, D., Baumeister, H., Cuijpers, P., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effect of an internet- and app-based stress intervention compared to online psychoeducation in university students with depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Internet Interventions, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100374"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heller, 2020",
          "ref": "Heller HM, Hoogendoorn AW, Honig A, Broekman BFP, van Straten A. The Effectiveness of a Guided Internet-Based Tool for the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety in Pregnancy (MamaKits Online): Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(3):e15172."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hermanns, 2015",
          "ref": "Hermanns N, Schmitt A, Gahr A, Herder C, Nowotny B, Roden M, et al. The effect of a diabetes-specific cognitive behavioral treatment program (DIAMOS) for patients with diabetes and subclinical depression: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(4):551-60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kelly, 1993",
          "ref": "Kelly JA, Murphy DA, Bahr GR, Kalichman SC, Morgan MG, Stevenson LY, et al. Outcome of cognitive-behavioral and support group brief therapies for depressed, HIV-infected persons. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1993;150(11):1679-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kenter, 2016",
          "ref": "Kenter, R. M. F., Cuijpers, P., Beekman, A., & van Straten, A. (2016). Effectiveness of a Web-based guided self-help intervention for outpatients with a depressive disorder: Short-term results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(3)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2021",
          "ref": "Krämer, L. V., Grünzig, S. D., Baumeister, H., Ebert, D. D., & Bengel, J. (2021). Effectiveness of a Guided Web-Based Intervention to Reduce Depressive Symptoms before Outpatient Psychotherapy: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 90(4), 233-242. https://doi.org/10.1159/000515625"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee, 2021",
          "ref": "Lee, E., Han, Y., Cha, Y. J., Oh, J. H., Hwang, N. R., Seo, H. J., & Choi, K. H. (2021). Community-Based Multi-Site Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation for Patients with Depressive Disorders [Article in Press]. Community mental health journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-021-00828-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Levin, 2011",
          "ref": "Levin W, Campbell DR, McGovern KB, Gau JM, Kosty DB, Seeley JR, et al. A computer-assisted depression intervention in primary care. Psychological Medicine. 2011;41(7):1373-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lintvedt, 2013",
          "ref": "Lintvedt OK, Griffiths KM, Sorensen K, ÿstvik AR, Wang CE, Eisemann M, et al. Evaluating the effectiveness and efficacy of unguided internet-based self-help intervention for the prevention of depression: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2013;20(1):10-27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennen, 2021",
          "ref": "Mennen, F. E., Palmer Molina, A., Monro, W. L., Duan, L., Stuart, S., & Sosna, T. (2021). Effectiveness of an Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) Group Depression Treatment for Head Start Mothers: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. J Affect Disord, 280(Pt B), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.074"
        },
        {
          "study": "Moskowitz, 2021",
          "ref": "Moskowitz, J. T., Addington, E. L., Shiu, E., Bassett, S. M., Schuette, S., Kwok, I., Freedman, M. E., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., Cohn, M. A., & Cheung, E. O. Facilitator Contact, Discussion Boards, and Virtual Badges as Adherence Enhancements to a Web-Based, Self-guided, Positive Psychological Intervention for Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 23(9), e25922."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nobis, 2015",
          "ref": "Nobis S, Lehr D, Ebert DD, Baumeister H, Snoek F, Riper H, et al. Efficacy of a web-based intervention with mobile phone support in treating depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(5):776-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Penckofer, 2012",
          "ref": "Penckofer SM, Ferrans C, Mumby P, Byrn M, Emanuele MA, Harrison PR, et al. A psychoeducational intervention (SWEEP) for depressed women with diabetes. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2012;44(2):192-206."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pots, 2014",
          "ref": "Pots WTM, Meulenbeek PAM, Veehof MM, Klungers J, Bohlmeijer ET. The efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a public mental health intervention for adults with mild to moderate depressive symptomatology: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2014;9(10)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pots, 2016",
          "ref": "Pots WT, Fledderus M, Meulenbeek PA, ten Klooster PM, Schreurs KM, Bohlmeijer ET. Acceptance and commitment therapy as a web-based intervention for depressive symptoms: Randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2016;208(1):69-77."
        },
        {
          "study": "Roepke, 2015",
          "ref": "Roepke AM, Jaffee SR, Riffle OM, McGonigal J, Broome R, Maxwell B. Randomized controlled trial of SuperBetter, a smartphone-based/internet-based self-help tool to reduce depressive symptoms. Games for Health 2015-4(3): 235-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2016",
          "ref": "Safren SA, Bedoya CA, O'Cleirigh C, Biello KB, Pinkston MM, Stein MD, et al. Cognitive behavioural therapy for adherence and depression in patients with HIV: A three-arm randomised controlled trial. The Lancet HIV. 2016;3(11):e529-e38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schlicker, 2020",
          "ref": "Schlicker S, Baumeister H, Buntrock C, et al. A web- And mobile-based intervention for comorbid, recurrent depression in patients with chronic back pain on sick leave (get.back): Pilot randomized controlled trial on feasibility, user satisfaction, and effectiveness. JMIR Mental Health. 2020;7(4)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schuster, 2017",
          "ref": "Schuster, R., Leitner, I., Carlbring, P., & Laireiter, A.-R. (2017). Exploring blended group interventions for depression: randomised controlled feasibility study of a blended computer- and multimedia-supported psychoeducational group intervention for adults with depressive symptoms. Internet Interventions, 8, 63-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tobin, 2017",
          "ref": "Tobin, K., Davey-Rothwell, M. A., Nonyane, B. A. S., Knowlton, A., Wissow, L., & Latkin, C. A. (2017). RCT of an integrated CBT-HIV intervention on depressive symptoms and HIV risk."
        },
        {
          "study": "Unlu-Ince, 2013",
          "ref": "Unlu Ince B, Cuijpers P, t Hof E, Ballegooijen W, Christensen H, Riper H. Internet-based, culturally sensitive, problem-solving therapy for Turkish migrants with depression: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2013;15(10):e227."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
          "ref": "van Luenen, S., Garnefski, N., Spinhoven, P., & Kraaij, V. (2018). Guided internet-based intervention for people with HIV and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial in the Netherlands. The lancet HIV, 5(9), e488-e497."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2020",
          "ref": "Vázquez FL, López L, Torres Á J, et al. Analysis of the Components of a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for the prevention of Depression Administered via Conference Call to Nonprofessional Caregivers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(6)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Blanco, V., Hita, I., Torres, Á. J., Otero, P., Páramo, M., & Salmerón, M. (2023). Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(18)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez-Gonzalez, 2013",
          "ref": "Vázquez González FL, Otero Otero P, Torres Iglesias A, Hermida Garcìa E, Blanco Seoane V, Dìaz Fernández O. A brief problem-solving indicated-prevention intervention for prevention of depression in nonprofessional caregivers. Psicothema. 2013;25(1):87-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vázquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., et al. (2023). \"Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial.\" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12(18). "
        },
        {
          "study": "Warmerdam, 2008",
          "ref": "Warmerdam L, Straten A, Twisk J, Riper H, Cuijpers P. Internet-based treatment for adults with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2008;10(4):e44."
        },
        {
          "study": "Westerhof, 2019",
          "ref": "Westerhof, G. J., Lamers, S. M. A., Postel, M. G., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2019). Online Therapy for Depressive Symptoms: An Evaluation of Counselor-Led and Peer-Supported Life Review Therapy. The Gerontologist, 59(1), 135-146. doi:10.1093/geront/gnx140"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 386,
      "instr": "CES-D",
      "full": "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale",
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      "sg": "Age group",
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      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 68,
      "k_es": 95,
      "sd": 9.193,
      "lo": 8.22,
      "hi": 10.281,
      "tau2": 0.1993,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afonso, 2009",
          "ref": "Afonso, R., & Bueno, B. (2009). Efectos de un programa de reminiscencia sobre la sintomatología depresiva en una muestra de población mayor portuguesa. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 44(6), 317-322."
        },
        {
          "study": "Baumgartner, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumgartner, C., Schaub, M. P., Wenger, A., Malischnig, D., Augsburger, M., Lehr, D., . . . Haug, S. (2021). \"Take Care of You\" - Efficacy of integrated, minimal-guidance, internet-based self-help for reducing co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression symptoms in adults: Results of a three-arm randomized controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Depend, 225, 108806. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108806"
        },
        {
          "study": "Beeber, 2010",
          "ref": "Beeber LS, Holditch-Davis D, Perreira K, Schwartz TA, Lewis V, Blanchard H, et al. Short-term in-home intervention reduces depressive symptoms in Early Head Start Latina mothers of infants and toddlers. Research in Nursing and Health. 2010;33(1):60-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2023",
          "ref": "Blanco V, Otero P, Vázquez FL. A pilot study for a smartphone app for the prevention of depression in non-professional caregivers. Aging Ment Health. 2023 Jan;27(1):166-175. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2056878. Epub 2022 Mar 30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2018",
          "ref": "Boele FW, Klein M, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for glioma patients with depressive symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of neuro-oncology 2018; 137(1): 191‐203."
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        },
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        },
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 387,
      "instr": "CES-D",
      "full": "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Age group",
      "sgv": "Older adults",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 15,
      "k_es": 18,
      "sd": 7.223,
      "lo": 5.62,
      "hi": 9.283,
      "tau2": 0.2403,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 2.676,
      "phi": 19.495,
      "i2": 98.2,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "study": "Losada, 2015",
          "ref": "Losada A, Márquez-González M, Romero-Moreno R, Mausbach BT, López J, Fernández-Fernández V, et al. Cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for dementia family caregivers with significant depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(4):760-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "McCusker, 2021",
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Pot, 2010",
          "ref": "Pot AM, Bohlmeijer ET, Onrust S, Melenhorst A-S, Veerbeek M, De Vries W. The impact of life review on depression in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2010;22(4):572-81."
        },
        {
          "study": "Serrano, 2004",
          "ref": "Serrano JP, Latorre JM, Gatz M, Montanes J. Life review therapy using autobiographical retrieval practice for older adults with depressive symptomatology. Psychology and Aging. 2004;19(2):270-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2017",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Torres, Á., Otero, P., Blanco, V., Díaz, O., & Estévez, L. E. (2017). Analysis of the components of a cognitive-behavioral intervention administered via conference call for preventing depression among non-professional caregivers: A pilot study. Aging Ment Health, 21(9), 938-946."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wuthrich, 2013",
          "ref": "Wuthrich VM, Rapee RM. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behavioural therapy for comorbid anxiety and depression in older adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2013;51(12):779-86."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Chesney, 2003",
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        },
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          "study": "Ebert, 2014",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2018",
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Joling, 2011",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Kelly, 1993",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Kenter, 2016",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Korte, 2012",
          "ref": "Korte J, Bohlmeijer ET, Cappeliez P, Smit F, Westerhof GJ. Life review therapy for older adults with moderate depressive symptomatology: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(6):1163-73."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2014",
          "ref": "Kramer, J., Conijn, B., Oijevaar, P., & Riper, H. (2014). Effectiveness of a web-based solution-focused brief chat treatment for depressed adolescents and young adults: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res, 16(5), e141. doi:10.2196/jmir.3261"
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Walker, 2014",
          "ref": "Walker JV, Lampropoulos GK. A comparison of self-help (homework) activities for mood enhancement: Results from a brief randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration. 2014;24(1):46-64."
        },
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        },
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          "ref": "Wuthrich VM, Rapee RM. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behavioural therapy for comorbid anxiety and depression in older adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2013;51(12):779-86."
        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "van der Zanden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Zanden, R., Kramer, J., Gerrits, R., & Cuijpers, P. (2012). Effectiveness of an online group course for depression in adolescents and young adults: a randomized trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 14(3), e86."
        }
      ]
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Ede, 2020",
          "ref": "Ede MO, Igbo JN, Eseadi C, et al. Effect of group cognitive behavioural therapy on depressive symptoms in a sample of college adolescents in Nigeria. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. 2020;38(3):306-318."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2014",
          "ref": "Kramer, J., Conijn, B., Oijevaar, P., & Riper, H. (2014). Effectiveness of a web-based solution-focused brief chat treatment for depressed adolescents and young adults: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res, 16(5), e141. doi:10.2196/jmir.3261"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pachankis, 2020",
          "ref": "Pachankis JE, McConocha EM, Clark KA, Wang K, Behari K, Fetzner BK, et al. A transdiagnostic minority stress intervention for gender diverse sexual minority women's depression, anxiety, and unhealthy alcohol use: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 2020;88(7):613-30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker, 2014",
          "ref": "Walker JV, Lampropoulos GK. A comparison of self-help (homework) activities for mood enhancement: Results from a brief randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration. 2014;24(1):46-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "van der Zanden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Zanden, R., Kramer, J., Gerrits, R., & Cuijpers, P. (2012). Effectiveness of an online group course for depression in adolescents and young adults: a randomized trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 14(3), e86."
        }
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      "sg": "Age group",
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      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 68,
      "k_es": 95,
      "sd": 9.193,
      "lo": 8.22,
      "hi": 10.281,
      "tau2": 0.1993,
      "tau2w": 0.011,
      "plo": 3.717,
      "phi": 22.739,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Beeber, 2010",
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        },
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          "study": "Blanco, 2023",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Kenter, 2016",
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        },
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          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2014",
          "ref": "Kramer, J., Conijn, B., Oijevaar, P., & Riper, H. (2014). Effectiveness of a web-based solution-focused brief chat treatment for depressed adolescents and young adults: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res, 16(5), e141. doi:10.2196/jmir.3261"
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "instr": "CES-D",
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      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Comorbidity",
      "sgv": "No comorbidity",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
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      "k_es": 88,
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      "tau2": 0.2245,
      "tau2w": null,
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      "phi": 23.369,
      "i2": 98.5,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Beeber, 2010",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2023",
          "ref": "Blanco V, Otero P, Vázquez FL. A pilot study for a smartphone app for the prevention of depression in non-professional caregivers. Aging Ment Health. 2023 Jan;27(1):166-175. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2056878. Epub 2022 Mar 30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2018",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Bohlmeijer, 2011",
          "ref": "Bohlmeijer ET, Fledderus M, Rokx TA, Pieterse ME. Efficacy of an early intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy for adults with depressive symptomatology: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy. 2011;49(1):62-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bower, 2021",
          "ref": "Bower, J. E., Partridge, A. H., Wolff, A. C., Thorner, E. D., Irwin, M. R., Joffe, H., Petersen, L., Crespi, C. M., & Ganz, P. A. (2021, Nov 1). Targeting Depressive Symptoms in Younger Breast Cancer Survivors: The Pathways to Wellness Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness Meditation and Survivorship Education. J Clin Oncol, 39(31), 3473-3484. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.21.00279"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
        {
          "study": "Buntrock, 2015",
          "ref": "Buntrock C, Ebert D, Lehr D, Riper H, Smit F, Cuijpers P, et al. Effectiveness of a web-based cognitive behavioural intervention for subthreshold depression: Pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(6):348-58."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chesney, 2003",
          "ref": "Chesney MA, Chambers DB, Taylor JM, Johnson LM, Folkman S. Coping effectiveness training for men living with HIV: Results from a randomized clinical trial testing a group-based intervention. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2003;65(6):1038-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2014",
          "ref": "Ebert, D. D., Lehr, D., Boß, L., Riper, H., Cuijpers, P., Andersson, G., . . . Berking, M. (2014). Efficacy of an internet-based problem-solving training for teachers: results of a randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 582-596. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2018",
          "ref": "Ebert DD, Buntrock C, Lehr D, et al. Effectiveness of Web- and Mobile-Based Treatment of Subthreshold Depression With Adherence-Focused Guidance: a Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior therapy 2018; 49(1): 71‐83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ede, 2020",
          "ref": "Ede MO, Igbo JN, Eseadi C, et al. Effect of group cognitive behavioural therapy on depressive symptoms in a sample of college adolescents in Nigeria. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. 2020;38(3):306-318."
        },
        {
          "study": "Farrer, 2011",
          "ref": "Farrer L, Christensen H, Griffiths KM, Mackinnon A. Internet-based CBT for depression with and without telephone tracking in a national helpline: Randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e28099."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fledderus, 2012",
          "ref": "Fledderus M, Bohlmeijer ET, Pieterse ME, Schreurs KM. Acceptance and commitment therapy as guided self-help for psychological distress and positive mental health: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(3):485-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Geraedts, 2014",
          "ref": "Geraedts AS, Kleiboer AM, Wiezer NM, van Mechelen W, Cuijpers P. Short-term effects of a web-based guided self-help intervention for employees with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2014;16(5):e121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gitlin, 2013",
          "ref": "Gitlin LN, Harris LF, McCoy MC, Chernett NL, Pizzi LT, Jutkowitz E, et al. A home-based intervention to reduce depressive symptoms and improve quality of life in older African Americans: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;159(4):243-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guo, 2020",
          "ref": "Guo Y, Hong YA, Cai W, et al. Effect of a WeChat-Based Intervention (Run4Love) on Depressive Symptoms Among People Living With HIV in China: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(2):e16715."
        },
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          "study": "Haringsma, 2006",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Harrer, 2021",
          "ref": "Harrer, M., Apolinário-Hagen, J., Fritsche, L., Salewski, C., Zarski, A. C., Lehr, D., Baumeister, H., Cuijpers, P., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effect of an internet- and app-based stress intervention compared to online psychoeducation in university students with depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Internet Interventions, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100374"
        },
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          "study": "Hermanns, 2015",
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        },
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          "study": "Huang, 2016",
          "ref": "Huang, C.-Y., Lai, H.-L., Chen, C.-I., Lu, Y.-C., Li, S.-C., Wang, L.-W., & Su, Y. (2016). Effects of motivational enhancement therapy plus cognitive behaviour therapy on depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life in adults with type II diabetes mellitus: A randomised controlled trial. Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care & Rehabilitation, 25(5), 1275-1283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Joling, 2011",
          "ref": "Joling KJ, Hout HP, van't Veer-Tazelaar PJ, Horst HE, Cuijpers P, Ven PM, et al. How effective is bibliotherapy for very old adults with subthreshold depression? A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2011;19(3):256-65."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kelly, 1993",
          "ref": "Kelly JA, Murphy DA, Bahr GR, Kalichman SC, Morgan MG, Stevenson LY, et al. Outcome of cognitive-behavioral and support group brief therapies for depressed, HIV-infected persons. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1993;150(11):1679-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kenter, 2016",
          "ref": "Kenter, R. M. F., Cuijpers, P., Beekman, A., & van Straten, A. (2016). Effectiveness of a Web-based guided self-help intervention for outpatients with a depressive disorder: Short-term results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(3)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Korte, 2012",
          "ref": "Korte J, Bohlmeijer ET, Cappeliez P, Smit F, Westerhof GJ. Life review therapy for older adults with moderate depressive symptomatology: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(6):1163-73."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2014",
          "ref": "Kramer, J., Conijn, B., Oijevaar, P., & Riper, H. (2014). Effectiveness of a web-based solution-focused brief chat treatment for depressed adolescents and young adults: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res, 16(5), e141. doi:10.2196/jmir.3261"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2021",
          "ref": "Krämer, L. V., Grünzig, S. D., Baumeister, H., Ebert, D. D., & Bengel, J. (2021). Effectiveness of a Guided Web-Based Intervention to Reduce Depressive Symptoms before Outpatient Psychotherapy: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 90(4), 233-242. https://doi.org/10.1159/000515625"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lamers, 2015",
          "ref": "Lamers SMA, Bohlmeijer ET, Korte J, Westerhof GJ. The efficacy of life-review as online-guided self-help for adults: A randomized trial. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 2015; 70B(1): 24-34."
        },
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          "study": "Lee, 2021",
          "ref": "Lee, E., Han, Y., Cha, Y. J., Oh, J. H., Hwang, N. R., Seo, H. J., & Choi, K. H. (2021). Community-Based Multi-Site Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation for Patients with Depressive Disorders [Article in Press]. Community mental health journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-021-00828-3"
        },
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          "study": "Levin, 2011",
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Losada, 2015",
          "ref": "Losada A, Márquez-González M, Romero-Moreno R, Mausbach BT, López J, Fernández-Fernández V, et al. Cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for dementia family caregivers with significant depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(4):760-72."
        },
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          "study": "McCusker, 2021",
          "ref": "McCusker, J., Jones, J. M., Li, M., Faria, R., Yaffe, M. J., Lambert, S. D., Ciampi, A., Belzile, E., & de Raad, M. (2021). CanDirect: Effectiveness of a Telephone-Supported Depression Self-Care Intervention for Cancer Survivors. J Clin Oncol, 39(10), 1150-1161. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.20.01802"
        },
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          "study": "Mennen, 2021",
          "ref": "Mennen, F. E., Palmer Molina, A., Monro, W. L., Duan, L., Stuart, S., & Sosna, T. (2021). Effectiveness of an Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) Group Depression Treatment for Head Start Mothers: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. J Affect Disord, 280(Pt B), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.074"
        },
        {
          "study": "Moskowitz, 2021",
          "ref": "Moskowitz, J. T., Addington, E. L., Shiu, E., Bassett, S. M., Schuette, S., Kwok, I., Freedman, M. E., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., Cohn, M. A., & Cheung, E. O. Facilitator Contact, Discussion Boards, and Virtual Badges as Adherence Enhancements to a Web-Based, Self-guided, Positive Psychological Intervention for Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 23(9), e25922."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nobis, 2015",
          "ref": "Nobis S, Lehr D, Ebert DD, Baumeister H, Snoek F, Riper H, et al. Efficacy of a web-based intervention with mobile phone support in treating depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(5):776-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Penckofer, 2012",
          "ref": "Penckofer SM, Ferrans C, Mumby P, Byrn M, Emanuele MA, Harrison PR, et al. A psychoeducational intervention (SWEEP) for depressed women with diabetes. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2012;44(2):192-206."
        },
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          "study": "Pibernik-Okanovic, 2015",
          "ref": "Pibernik-Okanović M, Hermanns N, Ajduković D, Kos J, Prašek M, Šekerija M, Lovrenčić MV. Does treatment of subsyndromal depression improve depression-related and diabetes-related outcomes? A randomised controlled comparison of psychoeducation, physical exercise and enhanced treatment as usual. Trials. 2015 Jul 15;16:305."
        },
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          "study": "Pot, 2010",
          "ref": "Pot AM, Bohlmeijer ET, Onrust S, Melenhorst A-S, Veerbeek M, De Vries W. The impact of life review on depression in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2010;22(4):572-81."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pots, 2014",
          "ref": "Pots WTM, Meulenbeek PAM, Veehof MM, Klungers J, Bohlmeijer ET. The efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a public mental health intervention for adults with mild to moderate depressive symptomatology: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2014;9(10)."
        },
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          "study": "Pots, 2016",
          "ref": "Pots WT, Fledderus M, Meulenbeek PA, ten Klooster PM, Schreurs KM, Bohlmeijer ET. Acceptance and commitment therapy as a web-based intervention for depressive symptoms: Randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2016;208(1):69-77."
        },
        {
          "study": "Roepke, 2015",
          "ref": "Roepke AM, Jaffee SR, Riffle OM, McGonigal J, Broome R, Maxwell B. Randomized controlled trial of SuperBetter, a smartphone-based/internet-based self-help tool to reduce depressive symptoms. Games for Health 2015-4(3): 235-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2016",
          "ref": "Safren SA, Bedoya CA, O'Cleirigh C, Biello KB, Pinkston MM, Stein MD, et al. Cognitive behavioural therapy for adherence and depression in patients with HIV: A three-arm randomised controlled trial. The Lancet HIV. 2016;3(11):e529-e38."
        },
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          "study": "Safren, 2021",
          "ref": "Safren, S. A., O'Cleirigh, C., Andersen, L. S., Magidson, J. F., Lee, J. S., Bainter, S. A., . . . Joska, J. A. (2021). Treating depression and improving adherence in HIV care with task-shared cognitive behavioural therapy in Khayelitsha, South Africa: a randomized controlled trial. J Int AIDS Soc, 24(10), e25823. doi:10.1002/jia2.25823"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schlicker, 2020",
          "ref": "Schlicker S, Baumeister H, Buntrock C, et al. A web- And mobile-based intervention for comorbid, recurrent depression in patients with chronic back pain on sick leave (get.back): Pilot randomized controlled trial on feasibility, user satisfaction, and effectiveness. JMIR Mental Health. 2020;7(4)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schuster, 2017",
          "ref": "Schuster, R., Leitner, I., Carlbring, P., & Laireiter, A.-R. (2017). Exploring blended group interventions for depression: randomised controlled feasibility study of a blended computer- and multimedia-supported psychoeducational group intervention for adults with depressive symptoms. Internet Interventions, 8, 63-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Serrano, 2004",
          "ref": "Serrano JP, Latorre JM, Gatz M, Montanes J. Life review therapy using autobiographical retrieval practice for older adults with depressive symptomatology. Psychology and Aging. 2004;19(2):270-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tobin, 2017",
          "ref": "Tobin, K., Davey-Rothwell, M. A., Nonyane, B. A. S., Knowlton, A., Wissow, L., & Latkin, C. A. (2017). RCT of an integrated CBT-HIV intervention on depressive symptoms and HIV risk."
        },
        {
          "study": "Unlu-Ince, 2013",
          "ref": "Unlu Ince B, Cuijpers P, t Hof E, Ballegooijen W, Christensen H, Riper H. Internet-based, culturally sensitive, problem-solving therapy for Turkish migrants with depression: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2013;15(10):e227."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
          "ref": "van Luenen, S., Garnefski, N., Spinhoven, P., & Kraaij, V. (2018). Guided internet-based intervention for people with HIV and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial in the Netherlands. The lancet HIV, 5(9), e488-e497."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2017",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Torres, Á., Otero, P., Blanco, V., Díaz, O., & Estévez, L. E. (2017). Analysis of the components of a cognitive-behavioral intervention administered via conference call for preventing depression among non-professional caregivers: A pilot study. Aging Ment Health, 21(9), 938-946."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2020",
          "ref": "Vázquez FL, López L, Torres Á J, et al. Analysis of the Components of a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for the prevention of Depression Administered via Conference Call to Nonprofessional Caregivers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(6)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Blanco, V., Hita, I., Torres, Á. J., Otero, P., Páramo, M., & Salmerón, M. (2023). Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(18)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez-Gonzalez, 2013",
          "ref": "Vázquez González FL, Otero Otero P, Torres Iglesias A, Hermida Garcìa E, Blanco Seoane V, Dìaz Fernández O. A brief problem-solving indicated-prevention intervention for prevention of depression in nonprofessional caregivers. Psicothema. 2013;25(1):87-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vázquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., et al. (2023). \"Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial.\" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12(18). "
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker, 2014",
          "ref": "Walker JV, Lampropoulos GK. A comparison of self-help (homework) activities for mood enhancement: Results from a brief randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration. 2014;24(1):46-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Warmerdam, 2008",
          "ref": "Warmerdam L, Straten A, Twisk J, Riper H, Cuijpers P. Internet-based treatment for adults with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2008;10(4):e44."
        },
        {
          "study": "Westerhof, 2019",
          "ref": "Westerhof, G. J., Lamers, S. M. A., Postel, M. G., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2019). Online Therapy for Depressive Symptoms: An Evaluation of Counselor-Led and Peer-Supported Life Review Therapy. The Gerontologist, 59(1), 135-146. doi:10.1093/geront/gnx140"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "van der Zanden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Zanden, R., Kramer, J., Gerrits, R., & Cuijpers, P. (2012). Effectiveness of an online group course for depression in adolescents and young adults: a randomized trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 14(3), e86."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 392,
      "instr": "CES-D",
      "full": "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Comorbidity",
      "sgv": "No comorbidity",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 68,
      "k_es": 95,
      "sd": 9.193,
      "lo": 8.22,
      "hi": 10.281,
      "tau2": 0.1993,
      "tau2w": 0.011,
      "plo": 3.717,
      "phi": 22.739,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
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        },
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          "study": "Beeber, 2010",
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        },
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          "study": "Blanco, 2023",
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        },
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          "study": "Boele, 2018",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2021",
          "ref": "Boele, F. W., et al. (2021). \"The effects of SmartCare© on neuro-oncology family caregivers’ distress: a randomized controlled trial.\" Supportive Care in Cancer."
        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Bower, 2021",
          "ref": "Bower, J. E., Partridge, A. H., Wolff, A. C., Thorner, E. D., Irwin, M. R., Joffe, H., Petersen, L., Crespi, C. M., & Ganz, P. A. (2021, Nov 1). Targeting Depressive Symptoms in Younger Breast Cancer Survivors: The Pathways to Wellness Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness Meditation and Survivorship Education. J Clin Oncol, 39(31), 3473-3484. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.21.00279"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
        {
          "study": "Buntrock, 2015",
          "ref": "Buntrock C, Ebert D, Lehr D, Riper H, Smit F, Cuijpers P, et al. Effectiveness of a web-based cognitive behavioural intervention for subthreshold depression: Pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(6):348-58."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chesney, 2003",
          "ref": "Chesney MA, Chambers DB, Taylor JM, Johnson LM, Folkman S. Coping effectiveness training for men living with HIV: Results from a randomized clinical trial testing a group-based intervention. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2003;65(6):1038-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2014",
          "ref": "Ebert, D. D., Lehr, D., Boß, L., Riper, H., Cuijpers, P., Andersson, G., . . . Berking, M. (2014). Efficacy of an internet-based problem-solving training for teachers: results of a randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 582-596. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2018",
          "ref": "Ebert DD, Buntrock C, Lehr D, et al. Effectiveness of Web- and Mobile-Based Treatment of Subthreshold Depression With Adherence-Focused Guidance: a Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior therapy 2018; 49(1): 71‐83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ede, 2020",
          "ref": "Ede MO, Igbo JN, Eseadi C, et al. Effect of group cognitive behavioural therapy on depressive symptoms in a sample of college adolescents in Nigeria. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. 2020;38(3):306-318."
        },
        {
          "study": "Farrer, 2011",
          "ref": "Farrer L, Christensen H, Griffiths KM, Mackinnon A. Internet-based CBT for depression with and without telephone tracking in a national helpline: Randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e28099."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fledderus, 2012",
          "ref": "Fledderus M, Bohlmeijer ET, Pieterse ME, Schreurs KM. Acceptance and commitment therapy as guided self-help for psychological distress and positive mental health: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(3):485-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Geraedts, 2014",
          "ref": "Geraedts AS, Kleiboer AM, Wiezer NM, van Mechelen W, Cuijpers P. Short-term effects of a web-based guided self-help intervention for employees with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2014;16(5):e121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gitlin, 2013",
          "ref": "Gitlin LN, Harris LF, McCoy MC, Chernett NL, Pizzi LT, Jutkowitz E, et al. A home-based intervention to reduce depressive symptoms and improve quality of life in older African Americans: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;159(4):243-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guo, 2020",
          "ref": "Guo Y, Hong YA, Cai W, et al. Effect of a WeChat-Based Intervention (Run4Love) on Depressive Symptoms Among People Living With HIV in China: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(2):e16715."
        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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        }
      ]
    },
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        {
          "study": "Afonso, 2009",
          "ref": "Afonso, R., & Bueno, B. (2009). Efectos de un programa de reminiscencia sobre la sintomatología depresiva en una muestra de población mayor portuguesa. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 44(6), 317-322."
        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Heller, 2020",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Hermanns, 2015",
          "ref": "Hermanns N, Schmitt A, Gahr A, Herder C, Nowotny B, Roden M, et al. The effect of a diabetes-specific cognitive behavioral treatment program (DIAMOS) for patients with diabetes and subclinical depression: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(4):551-60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2016",
          "ref": "Huang, C.-Y., Lai, H.-L., Chen, C.-I., Lu, Y.-C., Li, S.-C., Wang, L.-W., & Su, Y. (2016). Effects of motivational enhancement therapy plus cognitive behaviour therapy on depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life in adults with type II diabetes mellitus: A randomised controlled trial. Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care & Rehabilitation, 25(5), 1275-1283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Joling, 2011",
          "ref": "Joling KJ, Hout HP, van't Veer-Tazelaar PJ, Horst HE, Cuijpers P, Ven PM, et al. How effective is bibliotherapy for very old adults with subthreshold depression? A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2011;19(3):256-65."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee, 2021",
          "ref": "Lee, E., Han, Y., Cha, Y. J., Oh, J. H., Hwang, N. R., Seo, H. J., & Choi, K. H. (2021). Community-Based Multi-Site Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation for Patients with Depressive Disorders [Article in Press]. Community mental health journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-021-00828-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Levin, 2011",
          "ref": "Levin W, Campbell DR, McGovern KB, Gau JM, Kosty DB, Seeley JR, et al. A computer-assisted depression intervention in primary care. Psychological Medicine. 2011;41(7):1373-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennen, 2021",
          "ref": "Mennen, F. E., Palmer Molina, A., Monro, W. L., Duan, L., Stuart, S., & Sosna, T. (2021). Effectiveness of an Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) Group Depression Treatment for Head Start Mothers: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. J Affect Disord, 280(Pt B), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.074"
        },
        {
          "study": "Penckofer, 2012",
          "ref": "Penckofer SM, Ferrans C, Mumby P, Byrn M, Emanuele MA, Harrison PR, et al. A psychoeducational intervention (SWEEP) for depressed women with diabetes. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2012;44(2):192-206."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2016",
          "ref": "Safren SA, Bedoya CA, O'Cleirigh C, Biello KB, Pinkston MM, Stein MD, et al. Cognitive behavioural therapy for adherence and depression in patients with HIV: A three-arm randomised controlled trial. The Lancet HIV. 2016;3(11):e529-e38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2021",
          "ref": "Safren, S. A., O'Cleirigh, C., Andersen, L. S., Magidson, J. F., Lee, J. S., Bainter, S. A., . . . Joska, J. A. (2021). Treating depression and improving adherence in HIV care with task-shared cognitive behavioural therapy in Khayelitsha, South Africa: a randomized controlled trial. J Int AIDS Soc, 24(10), e25823. doi:10.1002/jia2.25823"
        },
        {
          "study": "Serrano, 2004",
          "ref": "Serrano JP, Latorre JM, Gatz M, Montanes J. Life review therapy using autobiographical retrieval practice for older adults with depressive symptomatology. Psychology and Aging. 2004;19(2):270-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2017",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Torres, Á., Otero, P., Blanco, V., Díaz, O., & Estévez, L. E. (2017). Analysis of the components of a cognitive-behavioral intervention administered via conference call for preventing depression among non-professional caregivers: A pilot study. Aging Ment Health, 21(9), 938-946."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2020",
          "ref": "Vázquez FL, López L, Torres Á J, et al. Analysis of the Components of a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for the prevention of Depression Administered via Conference Call to Nonprofessional Caregivers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(6)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez-Gonzalez, 2013",
          "ref": "Vázquez González FL, Otero Otero P, Torres Iglesias A, Hermida Garcìa E, Blanco Seoane V, Dìaz Fernández O. A brief problem-solving indicated-prevention intervention for prevention of depression in nonprofessional caregivers. Psicothema. 2013;25(1):87-92."
        }
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 395,
      "instr": "CES-D",
      "full": "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Control condition",
      "sgv": "Other",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 16,
      "k_es": 23,
      "sd": 9.849,
      "lo": 9.174,
      "hi": 10.573,
      "tau2": 0.0162,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 7.599,
      "phi": 12.763,
      "i2": 80.6,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Nobis, 2015",
          "ref": "Nobis S, Lehr D, Ebert DD, Baumeister H, Snoek F, Riper H, et al. Efficacy of a web-based intervention with mobile phone support in treating depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(5):776-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pibernik-Okanovic, 2015",
          "ref": "Pibernik-Okanović M, Hermanns N, Ajduković D, Kos J, Prašek M, Šekerija M, Lovrenčić MV. Does treatment of subsyndromal depression improve depression-related and diabetes-related outcomes? A randomised controlled comparison of psychoeducation, physical exercise and enhanced treatment as usual. Trials. 2015 Jul 15;16:305."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pot, 2010",
          "ref": "Pot AM, Bohlmeijer ET, Onrust S, Melenhorst A-S, Veerbeek M, De Vries W. The impact of life review on depression in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2010;22(4):572-81."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tobin, 2017",
          "ref": "Tobin, K., Davey-Rothwell, M. A., Nonyane, B. A. S., Knowlton, A., Wissow, L., & Latkin, C. A. (2017). RCT of an integrated CBT-HIV intervention on depressive symptoms and HIV risk."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Blanco, V., Hita, I., Torres, Á. J., Otero, P., Páramo, M., & Salmerón, M. (2023). Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(18)."
        },
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          "study": "Vázquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., et al. (2023). \"Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial.\" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12(18). "
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        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Kramer, 2014",
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          "study": "Nobis, 2015",
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        }
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        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Baumgartner, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumgartner, C., Schaub, M. P., Wenger, A., Malischnig, D., Augsburger, M., Lehr, D., . . . Haug, S. (2021). \"Take Care of You\" - Efficacy of integrated, minimal-guidance, internet-based self-help for reducing co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression symptoms in adults: Results of a three-arm randomized controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Depend, 225, 108806. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108806"
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2018",
          "ref": "Boele FW, Klein M, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for glioma patients with depressive symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of neuro-oncology 2018; 137(1): 191‐203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bohlmeijer, 2011",
          "ref": "Bohlmeijer ET, Fledderus M, Rokx TA, Pieterse ME. Efficacy of an early intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy for adults with depressive symptomatology: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy. 2011;49(1):62-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bower, 2021",
          "ref": "Bower, J. E., Partridge, A. H., Wolff, A. C., Thorner, E. D., Irwin, M. R., Joffe, H., Petersen, L., Crespi, C. M., & Ganz, P. A. (2021, Nov 1). Targeting Depressive Symptoms in Younger Breast Cancer Survivors: The Pathways to Wellness Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness Meditation and Survivorship Education. J Clin Oncol, 39(31), 3473-3484. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.21.00279"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chesney, 2003",
          "ref": "Chesney MA, Chambers DB, Taylor JM, Johnson LM, Folkman S. Coping effectiveness training for men living with HIV: Results from a randomized clinical trial testing a group-based intervention. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2003;65(6):1038-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2014",
          "ref": "Ebert, D. D., Lehr, D., Boß, L., Riper, H., Cuijpers, P., Andersson, G., . . . Berking, M. (2014). Efficacy of an internet-based problem-solving training for teachers: results of a randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 582-596. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2018",
          "ref": "Ebert DD, Buntrock C, Lehr D, et al. Effectiveness of Web- and Mobile-Based Treatment of Subthreshold Depression With Adherence-Focused Guidance: a Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior therapy 2018; 49(1): 71‐83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ede, 2020",
          "ref": "Ede MO, Igbo JN, Eseadi C, et al. Effect of group cognitive behavioural therapy on depressive symptoms in a sample of college adolescents in Nigeria. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. 2020;38(3):306-318."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fledderus, 2012",
          "ref": "Fledderus M, Bohlmeijer ET, Pieterse ME, Schreurs KM. Acceptance and commitment therapy as guided self-help for psychological distress and positive mental health: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(3):485-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gitlin, 2013",
          "ref": "Gitlin LN, Harris LF, McCoy MC, Chernett NL, Pizzi LT, Jutkowitz E, et al. A home-based intervention to reduce depressive symptoms and improve quality of life in older African Americans: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;159(4):243-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guo, 2020",
          "ref": "Guo Y, Hong YA, Cai W, et al. Effect of a WeChat-Based Intervention (Run4Love) on Depressive Symptoms Among People Living With HIV in China: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(2):e16715."
        },
        {
          "study": "Haringsma, 2006",
          "ref": "Haringsma R, Engels G, Cuijpers P, Spinhoven P. Effectiveness of the Coping With Depression (CWD) course for older adults provided by the community-based mental health care system in the Netherlands: A randomized controlled field trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2006;18(02):307-25."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kenter, 2016",
          "ref": "Kenter, R. M. F., Cuijpers, P., Beekman, A., & van Straten, A. (2016). Effectiveness of a Web-based guided self-help intervention for outpatients with a depressive disorder: Short-term results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(3)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Korte, 2012",
          "ref": "Korte J, Bohlmeijer ET, Cappeliez P, Smit F, Westerhof GJ. Life review therapy for older adults with moderate depressive symptomatology: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(6):1163-73."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2014",
          "ref": "Kramer, J., Conijn, B., Oijevaar, P., & Riper, H. (2014). Effectiveness of a web-based solution-focused brief chat treatment for depressed adolescents and young adults: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res, 16(5), e141. doi:10.2196/jmir.3261"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2021",
          "ref": "Krämer, L. V., Grünzig, S. D., Baumeister, H., Ebert, D. D., & Bengel, J. (2021). Effectiveness of a Guided Web-Based Intervention to Reduce Depressive Symptoms before Outpatient Psychotherapy: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 90(4), 233-242. https://doi.org/10.1159/000515625"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lamers, 2015",
          "ref": "Lamers SMA, Bohlmeijer ET, Korte J, Westerhof GJ. The efficacy of life-review as online-guided self-help for adults: A randomized trial. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 2015; 70B(1): 24-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lintvedt, 2013",
          "ref": "Lintvedt OK, Griffiths KM, Sorensen K, ÿstvik AR, Wang CE, Eisemann M, et al. Evaluating the effectiveness and efficacy of unguided internet-based self-help intervention for the prevention of depression: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2013;20(1):10-27."
        },
        {
          "study": "McCusker, 2021",
          "ref": "McCusker, J., Jones, J. M., Li, M., Faria, R., Yaffe, M. J., Lambert, S. D., Ciampi, A., Belzile, E., & de Raad, M. (2021). CanDirect: Effectiveness of a Telephone-Supported Depression Self-Care Intervention for Cancer Survivors. J Clin Oncol, 39(10), 1150-1161. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.20.01802"
        },
        {
          "study": "Pachankis, 2020",
          "ref": "Pachankis JE, McConocha EM, Clark KA, Wang K, Behari K, Fetzner BK, et al. A transdiagnostic minority stress intervention for gender diverse sexual minority women's depression, anxiety, and unhealthy alcohol use: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 2020;88(7):613-30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pots, 2014",
          "ref": "Pots WTM, Meulenbeek PAM, Veehof MM, Klungers J, Bohlmeijer ET. The efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a public mental health intervention for adults with mild to moderate depressive symptomatology: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2014;9(10)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pots, 2016",
          "ref": "Pots WT, Fledderus M, Meulenbeek PA, ten Klooster PM, Schreurs KM, Bohlmeijer ET. Acceptance and commitment therapy as a web-based intervention for depressive symptoms: Randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2016;208(1):69-77."
        },
        {
          "study": "Roepke, 2015",
          "ref": "Roepke AM, Jaffee SR, Riffle OM, McGonigal J, Broome R, Maxwell B. Randomized controlled trial of SuperBetter, a smartphone-based/internet-based self-help tool to reduce depressive symptoms. Games for Health 2015-4(3): 235-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schlicker, 2020",
          "ref": "Schlicker S, Baumeister H, Buntrock C, et al. A web- And mobile-based intervention for comorbid, recurrent depression in patients with chronic back pain on sick leave (get.back): Pilot randomized controlled trial on feasibility, user satisfaction, and effectiveness. JMIR Mental Health. 2020;7(4)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schuster, 2017",
          "ref": "Schuster, R., Leitner, I., Carlbring, P., & Laireiter, A.-R. (2017). Exploring blended group interventions for depression: randomised controlled feasibility study of a blended computer- and multimedia-supported psychoeducational group intervention for adults with depressive symptoms. Internet Interventions, 8, 63-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Unlu-Ince, 2013",
          "ref": "Unlu Ince B, Cuijpers P, t Hof E, Ballegooijen W, Christensen H, Riper H. Internet-based, culturally sensitive, problem-solving therapy for Turkish migrants with depression: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2013;15(10):e227."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
          "ref": "van Luenen, S., Garnefski, N., Spinhoven, P., & Kraaij, V. (2018). Guided internet-based intervention for people with HIV and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial in the Netherlands. The lancet HIV, 5(9), e488-e497."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker, 2014",
          "ref": "Walker JV, Lampropoulos GK. A comparison of self-help (homework) activities for mood enhancement: Results from a brief randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration. 2014;24(1):46-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Warmerdam, 2008",
          "ref": "Warmerdam L, Straten A, Twisk J, Riper H, Cuijpers P. Internet-based treatment for adults with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2008;10(4):e44."
        },
        {
          "study": "Westerhof, 2019",
          "ref": "Westerhof, G. J., Lamers, S. M. A., Postel, M. G., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2019). Online Therapy for Depressive Symptoms: An Evaluation of Counselor-Led and Peer-Supported Life Review Therapy. The Gerontologist, 59(1), 135-146. doi:10.1093/geront/gnx140"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wuthrich, 2013",
          "ref": "Wuthrich VM, Rapee RM. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behavioural therapy for comorbid anxiety and depression in older adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2013;51(12):779-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "van der Zanden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Zanden, R., Kramer, J., Gerrits, R., & Cuijpers, P. (2012). Effectiveness of an online group course for depression in adolescents and young adults: a randomized trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 14(3), e86."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 398,
      "instr": "CES-D",
      "full": "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Control condition",
      "sgv": "Waitlist",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 68,
      "k_es": 95,
      "sd": 9.193,
      "lo": 8.22,
      "hi": 10.281,
      "tau2": 0.1993,
      "tau2w": 0.011,
      "plo": 3.717,
      "phi": 22.739,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afonso, 2009",
          "ref": "Afonso, R., & Bueno, B. (2009). Efectos de un programa de reminiscencia sobre la sintomatología depresiva en una muestra de población mayor portuguesa. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 44(6), 317-322."
        },
        {
          "study": "Baumgartner, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumgartner, C., Schaub, M. P., Wenger, A., Malischnig, D., Augsburger, M., Lehr, D., . . . Haug, S. (2021). \"Take Care of You\" - Efficacy of integrated, minimal-guidance, internet-based self-help for reducing co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression symptoms in adults: Results of a three-arm randomized controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Depend, 225, 108806. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108806"
        },
        {
          "study": "Beeber, 2010",
          "ref": "Beeber LS, Holditch-Davis D, Perreira K, Schwartz TA, Lewis V, Blanchard H, et al. Short-term in-home intervention reduces depressive symptoms in Early Head Start Latina mothers of infants and toddlers. Research in Nursing and Health. 2010;33(1):60-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2023",
          "ref": "Blanco V, Otero P, Vázquez FL. A pilot study for a smartphone app for the prevention of depression in non-professional caregivers. Aging Ment Health. 2023 Jan;27(1):166-175. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2056878. Epub 2022 Mar 30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2018",
          "ref": "Boele FW, Klein M, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for glioma patients with depressive symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of neuro-oncology 2018; 137(1): 191‐203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2021",
          "ref": "Boele, F. W., et al. (2021). \"The effects of SmartCare© on neuro-oncology family caregivers’ distress: a randomized controlled trial.\" Supportive Care in Cancer."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bohlmeijer, 2011",
          "ref": "Bohlmeijer ET, Fledderus M, Rokx TA, Pieterse ME. Efficacy of an early intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy for adults with depressive symptomatology: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy. 2011;49(1):62-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bower, 2021",
          "ref": "Bower, J. E., Partridge, A. H., Wolff, A. C., Thorner, E. D., Irwin, M. R., Joffe, H., Petersen, L., Crespi, C. M., & Ganz, P. A. (2021, Nov 1). Targeting Depressive Symptoms in Younger Breast Cancer Survivors: The Pathways to Wellness Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness Meditation and Survivorship Education. J Clin Oncol, 39(31), 3473-3484. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.21.00279"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
        {
          "study": "Buntrock, 2015",
          "ref": "Buntrock C, Ebert D, Lehr D, Riper H, Smit F, Cuijpers P, et al. Effectiveness of a web-based cognitive behavioural intervention for subthreshold depression: Pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(6):348-58."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chesney, 2003",
          "ref": "Chesney MA, Chambers DB, Taylor JM, Johnson LM, Folkman S. Coping effectiveness training for men living with HIV: Results from a randomized clinical trial testing a group-based intervention. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2003;65(6):1038-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2014",
          "ref": "Ebert, D. D., Lehr, D., Boß, L., Riper, H., Cuijpers, P., Andersson, G., . . . Berking, M. (2014). Efficacy of an internet-based problem-solving training for teachers: results of a randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 582-596. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2018",
          "ref": "Ebert DD, Buntrock C, Lehr D, et al. Effectiveness of Web- and Mobile-Based Treatment of Subthreshold Depression With Adherence-Focused Guidance: a Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior therapy 2018; 49(1): 71‐83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ede, 2020",
          "ref": "Ede MO, Igbo JN, Eseadi C, et al. Effect of group cognitive behavioural therapy on depressive symptoms in a sample of college adolescents in Nigeria. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. 2020;38(3):306-318."
        },
        {
          "study": "Farrer, 2011",
          "ref": "Farrer L, Christensen H, Griffiths KM, Mackinnon A. Internet-based CBT for depression with and without telephone tracking in a national helpline: Randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e28099."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fledderus, 2012",
          "ref": "Fledderus M, Bohlmeijer ET, Pieterse ME, Schreurs KM. Acceptance and commitment therapy as guided self-help for psychological distress and positive mental health: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(3):485-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Geraedts, 2014",
          "ref": "Geraedts AS, Kleiboer AM, Wiezer NM, van Mechelen W, Cuijpers P. Short-term effects of a web-based guided self-help intervention for employees with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2014;16(5):e121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gitlin, 2013",
          "ref": "Gitlin LN, Harris LF, McCoy MC, Chernett NL, Pizzi LT, Jutkowitz E, et al. A home-based intervention to reduce depressive symptoms and improve quality of life in older African Americans: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;159(4):243-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guo, 2020",
          "ref": "Guo Y, Hong YA, Cai W, et al. Effect of a WeChat-Based Intervention (Run4Love) on Depressive Symptoms Among People Living With HIV in China: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(2):e16715."
        },
        {
          "study": "Haringsma, 2006",
          "ref": "Haringsma R, Engels G, Cuijpers P, Spinhoven P. Effectiveness of the Coping With Depression (CWD) course for older adults provided by the community-based mental health care system in the Netherlands: A randomized controlled field trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2006;18(02):307-25."
        },
        {
          "study": "Harrer, 2021",
          "ref": "Harrer, M., Apolinário-Hagen, J., Fritsche, L., Salewski, C., Zarski, A. C., Lehr, D., Baumeister, H., Cuijpers, P., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effect of an internet- and app-based stress intervention compared to online psychoeducation in university students with depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Internet Interventions, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100374"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heller, 2020",
          "ref": "Heller HM, Hoogendoorn AW, Honig A, Broekman BFP, van Straten A. The Effectiveness of a Guided Internet-Based Tool for the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety in Pregnancy (MamaKits Online): Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(3):e15172."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hermanns, 2015",
          "ref": "Hermanns N, Schmitt A, Gahr A, Herder C, Nowotny B, Roden M, et al. The effect of a diabetes-specific cognitive behavioral treatment program (DIAMOS) for patients with diabetes and subclinical depression: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(4):551-60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2016",
          "ref": "Huang, C.-Y., Lai, H.-L., Chen, C.-I., Lu, Y.-C., Li, S.-C., Wang, L.-W., & Su, Y. (2016). Effects of motivational enhancement therapy plus cognitive behaviour therapy on depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life in adults with type II diabetes mellitus: A randomised controlled trial. Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care & Rehabilitation, 25(5), 1275-1283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Joling, 2011",
          "ref": "Joling KJ, Hout HP, van't Veer-Tazelaar PJ, Horst HE, Cuijpers P, Ven PM, et al. How effective is bibliotherapy for very old adults with subthreshold depression? A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2011;19(3):256-65."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kelly, 1993",
          "ref": "Kelly JA, Murphy DA, Bahr GR, Kalichman SC, Morgan MG, Stevenson LY, et al. Outcome of cognitive-behavioral and support group brief therapies for depressed, HIV-infected persons. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1993;150(11):1679-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kenter, 2016",
          "ref": "Kenter, R. M. F., Cuijpers, P., Beekman, A., & van Straten, A. (2016). Effectiveness of a Web-based guided self-help intervention for outpatients with a depressive disorder: Short-term results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(3)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Korte, 2012",
          "ref": "Korte J, Bohlmeijer ET, Cappeliez P, Smit F, Westerhof GJ. Life review therapy for older adults with moderate depressive symptomatology: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(6):1163-73."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2014",
          "ref": "Kramer, J., Conijn, B., Oijevaar, P., & Riper, H. (2014). Effectiveness of a web-based solution-focused brief chat treatment for depressed adolescents and young adults: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res, 16(5), e141. doi:10.2196/jmir.3261"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2021",
          "ref": "Krämer, L. V., Grünzig, S. D., Baumeister, H., Ebert, D. D., & Bengel, J. (2021). Effectiveness of a Guided Web-Based Intervention to Reduce Depressive Symptoms before Outpatient Psychotherapy: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 90(4), 233-242. https://doi.org/10.1159/000515625"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lamers, 2015",
          "ref": "Lamers SMA, Bohlmeijer ET, Korte J, Westerhof GJ. The efficacy of life-review as online-guided self-help for adults: A randomized trial. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 2015; 70B(1): 24-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee, 2021",
          "ref": "Lee, E., Han, Y., Cha, Y. J., Oh, J. H., Hwang, N. R., Seo, H. J., & Choi, K. H. (2021). Community-Based Multi-Site Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation for Patients with Depressive Disorders [Article in Press]. Community mental health journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-021-00828-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Levin, 2011",
          "ref": "Levin W, Campbell DR, McGovern KB, Gau JM, Kosty DB, Seeley JR, et al. A computer-assisted depression intervention in primary care. Psychological Medicine. 2011;41(7):1373-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lintvedt, 2013",
          "ref": "Lintvedt OK, Griffiths KM, Sorensen K, ÿstvik AR, Wang CE, Eisemann M, et al. Evaluating the effectiveness and efficacy of unguided internet-based self-help intervention for the prevention of depression: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2013;20(1):10-27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Losada, 2015",
          "ref": "Losada A, Márquez-González M, Romero-Moreno R, Mausbach BT, López J, Fernández-Fernández V, et al. Cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for dementia family caregivers with significant depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(4):760-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "McCusker, 2021",
          "ref": "McCusker, J., Jones, J. M., Li, M., Faria, R., Yaffe, M. J., Lambert, S. D., Ciampi, A., Belzile, E., & de Raad, M. (2021). CanDirect: Effectiveness of a Telephone-Supported Depression Self-Care Intervention for Cancer Survivors. J Clin Oncol, 39(10), 1150-1161. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.20.01802"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennen, 2021",
          "ref": "Mennen, F. E., Palmer Molina, A., Monro, W. L., Duan, L., Stuart, S., & Sosna, T. (2021). Effectiveness of an Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) Group Depression Treatment for Head Start Mothers: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. J Affect Disord, 280(Pt B), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.074"
        },
        {
          "study": "Moskowitz, 2021",
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        },
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        },
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        }
      ]
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Guo, 2020",
          "ref": "Guo Y, Hong YA, Cai W, et al. Effect of a WeChat-Based Intervention (Run4Love) on Depressive Symptoms Among People Living With HIV in China: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(2):e16715."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2016",
          "ref": "Huang, C.-Y., Lai, H.-L., Chen, C.-I., Lu, Y.-C., Li, S.-C., Wang, L.-W., & Su, Y. (2016). Effects of motivational enhancement therapy plus cognitive behaviour therapy on depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life in adults with type II diabetes mellitus: A randomised controlled trial. Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care & Rehabilitation, 25(5), 1275-1283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee, 2021",
          "ref": "Lee, E., Han, Y., Cha, Y. J., Oh, J. H., Hwang, N. R., Seo, H. J., & Choi, K. H. (2021). Community-Based Multi-Site Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation for Patients with Depressive Disorders [Article in Press]. Community mental health journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-021-00828-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "refs": [
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        {
          "study": "Moskowitz, 2021",
          "ref": "Moskowitz, J. T., Addington, E. L., Shiu, E., Bassett, S. M., Schuette, S., Kwok, I., Freedman, M. E., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., Cohn, M. A., & Cheung, E. O. Facilitator Contact, Discussion Boards, and Virtual Badges as Adherence Enhancements to a Web-Based, Self-guided, Positive Psychological Intervention for Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 23(9), e25922."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nobis, 2015",
          "ref": "Nobis S, Lehr D, Ebert DD, Baumeister H, Snoek F, Riper H, et al. Efficacy of a web-based intervention with mobile phone support in treating depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(5):776-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pachankis, 2020",
          "ref": "Pachankis JE, McConocha EM, Clark KA, Wang K, Behari K, Fetzner BK, et al. A transdiagnostic minority stress intervention for gender diverse sexual minority women's depression, anxiety, and unhealthy alcohol use: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 2020;88(7):613-30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Penckofer, 2012",
          "ref": "Penckofer SM, Ferrans C, Mumby P, Byrn M, Emanuele MA, Harrison PR, et al. A psychoeducational intervention (SWEEP) for depressed women with diabetes. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2012;44(2):192-206."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pibernik-Okanovic, 2015",
          "ref": "Pibernik-Okanović M, Hermanns N, Ajduković D, Kos J, Prašek M, Šekerija M, Lovrenčić MV. Does treatment of subsyndromal depression improve depression-related and diabetes-related outcomes? A randomised controlled comparison of psychoeducation, physical exercise and enhanced treatment as usual. Trials. 2015 Jul 15;16:305."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pot, 2010",
          "ref": "Pot AM, Bohlmeijer ET, Onrust S, Melenhorst A-S, Veerbeek M, De Vries W. The impact of life review on depression in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2010;22(4):572-81."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pots, 2014",
          "ref": "Pots WTM, Meulenbeek PAM, Veehof MM, Klungers J, Bohlmeijer ET. The efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a public mental health intervention for adults with mild to moderate depressive symptomatology: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2014;9(10)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pots, 2016",
          "ref": "Pots WT, Fledderus M, Meulenbeek PA, ten Klooster PM, Schreurs KM, Bohlmeijer ET. Acceptance and commitment therapy as a web-based intervention for depressive symptoms: Randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2016;208(1):69-77."
        },
        {
          "study": "Roepke, 2015",
          "ref": "Roepke AM, Jaffee SR, Riffle OM, McGonigal J, Broome R, Maxwell B. Randomized controlled trial of SuperBetter, a smartphone-based/internet-based self-help tool to reduce depressive symptoms. Games for Health 2015-4(3): 235-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2016",
          "ref": "Safren SA, Bedoya CA, O'Cleirigh C, Biello KB, Pinkston MM, Stein MD, et al. Cognitive behavioural therapy for adherence and depression in patients with HIV: A three-arm randomised controlled trial. The Lancet HIV. 2016;3(11):e529-e38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2021",
          "ref": "Safren, S. A., O'Cleirigh, C., Andersen, L. S., Magidson, J. F., Lee, J. S., Bainter, S. A., . . . Joska, J. A. (2021). Treating depression and improving adherence in HIV care with task-shared cognitive behavioural therapy in Khayelitsha, South Africa: a randomized controlled trial. J Int AIDS Soc, 24(10), e25823. doi:10.1002/jia2.25823"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schlicker, 2020",
          "ref": "Schlicker S, Baumeister H, Buntrock C, et al. A web- And mobile-based intervention for comorbid, recurrent depression in patients with chronic back pain on sick leave (get.back): Pilot randomized controlled trial on feasibility, user satisfaction, and effectiveness. JMIR Mental Health. 2020;7(4)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schuster, 2017",
          "ref": "Schuster, R., Leitner, I., Carlbring, P., & Laireiter, A.-R. (2017). Exploring blended group interventions for depression: randomised controlled feasibility study of a blended computer- and multimedia-supported psychoeducational group intervention for adults with depressive symptoms. Internet Interventions, 8, 63-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Serrano, 2004",
          "ref": "Serrano JP, Latorre JM, Gatz M, Montanes J. Life review therapy using autobiographical retrieval practice for older adults with depressive symptomatology. Psychology and Aging. 2004;19(2):270-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tobin, 2017",
          "ref": "Tobin, K., Davey-Rothwell, M. A., Nonyane, B. A. S., Knowlton, A., Wissow, L., & Latkin, C. A. (2017). RCT of an integrated CBT-HIV intervention on depressive symptoms and HIV risk."
        },
        {
          "study": "Unlu-Ince, 2013",
          "ref": "Unlu Ince B, Cuijpers P, t Hof E, Ballegooijen W, Christensen H, Riper H. Internet-based, culturally sensitive, problem-solving therapy for Turkish migrants with depression: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2013;15(10):e227."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
          "ref": "van Luenen, S., Garnefski, N., Spinhoven, P., & Kraaij, V. (2018). Guided internet-based intervention for people with HIV and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial in the Netherlands. The lancet HIV, 5(9), e488-e497."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2017",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Torres, Á., Otero, P., Blanco, V., Díaz, O., & Estévez, L. E. (2017). Analysis of the components of a cognitive-behavioral intervention administered via conference call for preventing depression among non-professional caregivers: A pilot study. Aging Ment Health, 21(9), 938-946."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2020",
          "ref": "Vázquez FL, López L, Torres Á J, et al. Analysis of the Components of a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for the prevention of Depression Administered via Conference Call to Nonprofessional Caregivers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(6)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Blanco, V., Hita, I., Torres, Á. J., Otero, P., Páramo, M., & Salmerón, M. (2023). Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(18)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez-Gonzalez, 2013",
          "ref": "Vázquez González FL, Otero Otero P, Torres Iglesias A, Hermida Garcìa E, Blanco Seoane V, Dìaz Fernández O. A brief problem-solving indicated-prevention intervention for prevention of depression in nonprofessional caregivers. Psicothema. 2013;25(1):87-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vázquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., et al. (2023). \"Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial.\" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12(18). "
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker, 2014",
          "ref": "Walker JV, Lampropoulos GK. A comparison of self-help (homework) activities for mood enhancement: Results from a brief randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration. 2014;24(1):46-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Warmerdam, 2008",
          "ref": "Warmerdam L, Straten A, Twisk J, Riper H, Cuijpers P. Internet-based treatment for adults with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2008;10(4):e44."
        },
        {
          "study": "Westerhof, 2019",
          "ref": "Westerhof, G. J., Lamers, S. M. A., Postel, M. G., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2019). Online Therapy for Depressive Symptoms: An Evaluation of Counselor-Led and Peer-Supported Life Review Therapy. The Gerontologist, 59(1), 135-146. doi:10.1093/geront/gnx140"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wuthrich, 2013",
          "ref": "Wuthrich VM, Rapee RM. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behavioural therapy for comorbid anxiety and depression in older adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2013;51(12):779-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "van der Zanden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Zanden, R., Kramer, J., Gerrits, R., & Cuijpers, P. (2012). Effectiveness of an online group course for depression in adolescents and young adults: a randomized trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 14(3), e86."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 401,
      "instr": "CES-D",
      "full": "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "Europe",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 41,
      "k_es": 52,
      "sd": 8.853,
      "lo": 8.258,
      "hi": 9.492,
      "tau2": 0.0476,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 5.741,
      "phi": 13.652,
      "i2": 94.1,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Afonso, 2009",
          "ref": "Afonso, R., & Bueno, B. (2009). Efectos de un programa de reminiscencia sobre la sintomatología depresiva en una muestra de población mayor portuguesa. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 44(6), 317-322."
        },
        {
          "study": "Baumgartner, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumgartner, C., Schaub, M. P., Wenger, A., Malischnig, D., Augsburger, M., Lehr, D., . . . Haug, S. (2021). \"Take Care of You\" - Efficacy of integrated, minimal-guidance, internet-based self-help for reducing co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression symptoms in adults: Results of a three-arm randomized controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Depend, 225, 108806. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108806"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2023",
          "ref": "Blanco V, Otero P, Vázquez FL. A pilot study for a smartphone app for the prevention of depression in non-professional caregivers. Aging Ment Health. 2023 Jan;27(1):166-175. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2056878. Epub 2022 Mar 30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2018",
          "ref": "Boele FW, Klein M, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for glioma patients with depressive symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of neuro-oncology 2018; 137(1): 191‐203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bohlmeijer, 2011",
          "ref": "Bohlmeijer ET, Fledderus M, Rokx TA, Pieterse ME. Efficacy of an early intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy for adults with depressive symptomatology: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy. 2011;49(1):62-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Buntrock, 2015",
          "ref": "Buntrock C, Ebert D, Lehr D, Riper H, Smit F, Cuijpers P, et al. Effectiveness of a web-based cognitive behavioural intervention for subthreshold depression: Pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(6):348-58."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2014",
          "ref": "Ebert, D. D., Lehr, D., Boß, L., Riper, H., Cuijpers, P., Andersson, G., . . . Berking, M. (2014). Efficacy of an internet-based problem-solving training for teachers: results of a randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 582-596. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2018",
          "ref": "Ebert DD, Buntrock C, Lehr D, et al. Effectiveness of Web- and Mobile-Based Treatment of Subthreshold Depression With Adherence-Focused Guidance: a Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior therapy 2018; 49(1): 71‐83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fledderus, 2012",
          "ref": "Fledderus M, Bohlmeijer ET, Pieterse ME, Schreurs KM. Acceptance and commitment therapy as guided self-help for psychological distress and positive mental health: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(3):485-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Geraedts, 2014",
          "ref": "Geraedts AS, Kleiboer AM, Wiezer NM, van Mechelen W, Cuijpers P. Short-term effects of a web-based guided self-help intervention for employees with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2014;16(5):e121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Haringsma, 2006",
          "ref": "Haringsma R, Engels G, Cuijpers P, Spinhoven P. Effectiveness of the Coping With Depression (CWD) course for older adults provided by the community-based mental health care system in the Netherlands: A randomized controlled field trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2006;18(02):307-25."
        },
        {
          "study": "Harrer, 2021",
          "ref": "Harrer, M., Apolinário-Hagen, J., Fritsche, L., Salewski, C., Zarski, A. C., Lehr, D., Baumeister, H., Cuijpers, P., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effect of an internet- and app-based stress intervention compared to online psychoeducation in university students with depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Internet Interventions, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100374"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heller, 2020",
          "ref": "Heller HM, Hoogendoorn AW, Honig A, Broekman BFP, van Straten A. The Effectiveness of a Guided Internet-Based Tool for the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety in Pregnancy (MamaKits Online): Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(3):e15172."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hermanns, 2015",
          "ref": "Hermanns N, Schmitt A, Gahr A, Herder C, Nowotny B, Roden M, et al. The effect of a diabetes-specific cognitive behavioral treatment program (DIAMOS) for patients with diabetes and subclinical depression: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(4):551-60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Joling, 2011",
          "ref": "Joling KJ, Hout HP, van't Veer-Tazelaar PJ, Horst HE, Cuijpers P, Ven PM, et al. How effective is bibliotherapy for very old adults with subthreshold depression? A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2011;19(3):256-65."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kenter, 2016",
          "ref": "Kenter, R. M. F., Cuijpers, P., Beekman, A., & van Straten, A. (2016). Effectiveness of a Web-based guided self-help intervention for outpatients with a depressive disorder: Short-term results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(3)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Korte, 2012",
          "ref": "Korte J, Bohlmeijer ET, Cappeliez P, Smit F, Westerhof GJ. Life review therapy for older adults with moderate depressive symptomatology: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(6):1163-73."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2014",
          "ref": "Kramer, J., Conijn, B., Oijevaar, P., & Riper, H. (2014). Effectiveness of a web-based solution-focused brief chat treatment for depressed adolescents and young adults: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res, 16(5), e141. doi:10.2196/jmir.3261"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2021",
          "ref": "Krämer, L. V., Grünzig, S. D., Baumeister, H., Ebert, D. D., & Bengel, J. (2021). Effectiveness of a Guided Web-Based Intervention to Reduce Depressive Symptoms before Outpatient Psychotherapy: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 90(4), 233-242. https://doi.org/10.1159/000515625"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lamers, 2015",
          "ref": "Lamers SMA, Bohlmeijer ET, Korte J, Westerhof GJ. The efficacy of life-review as online-guided self-help for adults: A randomized trial. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 2015; 70B(1): 24-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lintvedt, 2013",
          "ref": "Lintvedt OK, Griffiths KM, Sorensen K, ÿstvik AR, Wang CE, Eisemann M, et al. Evaluating the effectiveness and efficacy of unguided internet-based self-help intervention for the prevention of depression: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2013;20(1):10-27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Losada, 2015",
          "ref": "Losada A, Márquez-González M, Romero-Moreno R, Mausbach BT, López J, Fernández-Fernández V, et al. Cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for dementia family caregivers with significant depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(4):760-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nobis, 2015",
          "ref": "Nobis S, Lehr D, Ebert DD, Baumeister H, Snoek F, Riper H, et al. Efficacy of a web-based intervention with mobile phone support in treating depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(5):776-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pibernik-Okanovic, 2015",
          "ref": "Pibernik-Okanović M, Hermanns N, Ajduković D, Kos J, Prašek M, Šekerija M, Lovrenčić MV. Does treatment of subsyndromal depression improve depression-related and diabetes-related outcomes? A randomised controlled comparison of psychoeducation, physical exercise and enhanced treatment as usual. Trials. 2015 Jul 15;16:305."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pot, 2010",
          "ref": "Pot AM, Bohlmeijer ET, Onrust S, Melenhorst A-S, Veerbeek M, De Vries W. The impact of life review on depression in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2010;22(4):572-81."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pots, 2014",
          "ref": "Pots WTM, Meulenbeek PAM, Veehof MM, Klungers J, Bohlmeijer ET. The efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a public mental health intervention for adults with mild to moderate depressive symptomatology: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2014;9(10)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pots, 2016",
          "ref": "Pots WT, Fledderus M, Meulenbeek PA, ten Klooster PM, Schreurs KM, Bohlmeijer ET. Acceptance and commitment therapy as a web-based intervention for depressive symptoms: Randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2016;208(1):69-77."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schlicker, 2020",
          "ref": "Schlicker S, Baumeister H, Buntrock C, et al. A web- And mobile-based intervention for comorbid, recurrent depression in patients with chronic back pain on sick leave (get.back): Pilot randomized controlled trial on feasibility, user satisfaction, and effectiveness. JMIR Mental Health. 2020;7(4)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schuster, 2017",
          "ref": "Schuster, R., Leitner, I., Carlbring, P., & Laireiter, A.-R. (2017). Exploring blended group interventions for depression: randomised controlled feasibility study of a blended computer- and multimedia-supported psychoeducational group intervention for adults with depressive symptoms. Internet Interventions, 8, 63-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Serrano, 2004",
          "ref": "Serrano JP, Latorre JM, Gatz M, Montanes J. Life review therapy using autobiographical retrieval practice for older adults with depressive symptomatology. Psychology and Aging. 2004;19(2):270-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Unlu-Ince, 2013",
          "ref": "Unlu Ince B, Cuijpers P, t Hof E, Ballegooijen W, Christensen H, Riper H. Internet-based, culturally sensitive, problem-solving therapy for Turkish migrants with depression: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2013;15(10):e227."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
          "ref": "van Luenen, S., Garnefski, N., Spinhoven, P., & Kraaij, V. (2018). Guided internet-based intervention for people with HIV and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial in the Netherlands. The lancet HIV, 5(9), e488-e497."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2017",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Torres, Á., Otero, P., Blanco, V., Díaz, O., & Estévez, L. E. (2017). Analysis of the components of a cognitive-behavioral intervention administered via conference call for preventing depression among non-professional caregivers: A pilot study. Aging Ment Health, 21(9), 938-946."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2020",
          "ref": "Vázquez FL, López L, Torres Á J, et al. Analysis of the Components of a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for the prevention of Depression Administered via Conference Call to Nonprofessional Caregivers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(6)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Blanco, V., Hita, I., Torres, Á. J., Otero, P., Páramo, M., & Salmerón, M. (2023). Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(18)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez-Gonzalez, 2013",
          "ref": "Vázquez González FL, Otero Otero P, Torres Iglesias A, Hermida Garcìa E, Blanco Seoane V, Dìaz Fernández O. A brief problem-solving indicated-prevention intervention for prevention of depression in nonprofessional caregivers. Psicothema. 2013;25(1):87-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vázquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., et al. (2023). \"Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial.\" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12(18). "
        },
        {
          "study": "Warmerdam, 2008",
          "ref": "Warmerdam L, Straten A, Twisk J, Riper H, Cuijpers P. Internet-based treatment for adults with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2008;10(4):e44."
        },
        {
          "study": "Westerhof, 2019",
          "ref": "Westerhof, G. J., Lamers, S. M. A., Postel, M. G., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2019). Online Therapy for Depressive Symptoms: An Evaluation of Counselor-Led and Peer-Supported Life Review Therapy. The Gerontologist, 59(1), 135-146. doi:10.1093/geront/gnx140"
        },
        {
          "study": "van der Zanden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Zanden, R., Kramer, J., Gerrits, R., & Cuijpers, P. (2012). Effectiveness of an online group course for depression in adolescents and young adults: a randomized trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 14(3), e86."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 402,
      "instr": "CES-D",
      "full": "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "Europe",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 68,
      "k_es": 95,
      "sd": 9.193,
      "lo": 8.22,
      "hi": 10.281,
      "tau2": 0.1993,
      "tau2w": 0.011,
      "plo": 3.717,
      "phi": 22.739,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afonso, 2009",
          "ref": "Afonso, R., & Bueno, B. (2009). Efectos de un programa de reminiscencia sobre la sintomatología depresiva en una muestra de población mayor portuguesa. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 44(6), 317-322."
        },
        {
          "study": "Baumgartner, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumgartner, C., Schaub, M. P., Wenger, A., Malischnig, D., Augsburger, M., Lehr, D., . . . Haug, S. (2021). \"Take Care of You\" - Efficacy of integrated, minimal-guidance, internet-based self-help for reducing co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression symptoms in adults: Results of a three-arm randomized controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Depend, 225, 108806. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108806"
        },
        {
          "study": "Beeber, 2010",
          "ref": "Beeber LS, Holditch-Davis D, Perreira K, Schwartz TA, Lewis V, Blanchard H, et al. Short-term in-home intervention reduces depressive symptoms in Early Head Start Latina mothers of infants and toddlers. Research in Nursing and Health. 2010;33(1):60-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2023",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2018",
          "ref": "Boele FW, Klein M, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for glioma patients with depressive symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of neuro-oncology 2018; 137(1): 191‐203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2021",
          "ref": "Boele, F. W., et al. (2021). \"The effects of SmartCare© on neuro-oncology family caregivers’ distress: a randomized controlled trial.\" Supportive Care in Cancer."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bohlmeijer, 2011",
          "ref": "Bohlmeijer ET, Fledderus M, Rokx TA, Pieterse ME. Efficacy of an early intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy for adults with depressive symptomatology: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy. 2011;49(1):62-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bower, 2021",
          "ref": "Bower, J. E., Partridge, A. H., Wolff, A. C., Thorner, E. D., Irwin, M. R., Joffe, H., Petersen, L., Crespi, C. M., & Ganz, P. A. (2021, Nov 1). Targeting Depressive Symptoms in Younger Breast Cancer Survivors: The Pathways to Wellness Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness Meditation and Survivorship Education. J Clin Oncol, 39(31), 3473-3484. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.21.00279"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
        {
          "study": "Buntrock, 2015",
          "ref": "Buntrock C, Ebert D, Lehr D, Riper H, Smit F, Cuijpers P, et al. Effectiveness of a web-based cognitive behavioural intervention for subthreshold depression: Pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(6):348-58."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chesney, 2003",
          "ref": "Chesney MA, Chambers DB, Taylor JM, Johnson LM, Folkman S. Coping effectiveness training for men living with HIV: Results from a randomized clinical trial testing a group-based intervention. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2003;65(6):1038-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2014",
          "ref": "Ebert, D. D., Lehr, D., Boß, L., Riper, H., Cuijpers, P., Andersson, G., . . . Berking, M. (2014). Efficacy of an internet-based problem-solving training for teachers: results of a randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 582-596. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2018",
          "ref": "Ebert DD, Buntrock C, Lehr D, et al. Effectiveness of Web- and Mobile-Based Treatment of Subthreshold Depression With Adherence-Focused Guidance: a Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior therapy 2018; 49(1): 71‐83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ede, 2020",
          "ref": "Ede MO, Igbo JN, Eseadi C, et al. Effect of group cognitive behavioural therapy on depressive symptoms in a sample of college adolescents in Nigeria. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. 2020;38(3):306-318."
        },
        {
          "study": "Farrer, 2011",
          "ref": "Farrer L, Christensen H, Griffiths KM, Mackinnon A. Internet-based CBT for depression with and without telephone tracking in a national helpline: Randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e28099."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fledderus, 2012",
          "ref": "Fledderus M, Bohlmeijer ET, Pieterse ME, Schreurs KM. Acceptance and commitment therapy as guided self-help for psychological distress and positive mental health: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(3):485-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Geraedts, 2014",
          "ref": "Geraedts AS, Kleiboer AM, Wiezer NM, van Mechelen W, Cuijpers P. Short-term effects of a web-based guided self-help intervention for employees with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2014;16(5):e121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gitlin, 2013",
          "ref": "Gitlin LN, Harris LF, McCoy MC, Chernett NL, Pizzi LT, Jutkowitz E, et al. A home-based intervention to reduce depressive symptoms and improve quality of life in older African Americans: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;159(4):243-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guo, 2020",
          "ref": "Guo Y, Hong YA, Cai W, et al. Effect of a WeChat-Based Intervention (Run4Love) on Depressive Symptoms Among People Living With HIV in China: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(2):e16715."
        },
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          "study": "Haringsma, 2006",
          "ref": "Haringsma R, Engels G, Cuijpers P, Spinhoven P. Effectiveness of the Coping With Depression (CWD) course for older adults provided by the community-based mental health care system in the Netherlands: A randomized controlled field trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2006;18(02):307-25."
        },
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          "study": "Harrer, 2021",
          "ref": "Harrer, M., Apolinário-Hagen, J., Fritsche, L., Salewski, C., Zarski, A. C., Lehr, D., Baumeister, H., Cuijpers, P., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effect of an internet- and app-based stress intervention compared to online psychoeducation in university students with depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Internet Interventions, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100374"
        },
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          "ref": "Heller HM, Hoogendoorn AW, Honig A, Broekman BFP, van Straten A. The Effectiveness of a Guided Internet-Based Tool for the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety in Pregnancy (MamaKits Online): Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(3):e15172."
        },
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          "study": "Hermanns, 2015",
          "ref": "Hermanns N, Schmitt A, Gahr A, Herder C, Nowotny B, Roden M, et al. The effect of a diabetes-specific cognitive behavioral treatment program (DIAMOS) for patients with diabetes and subclinical depression: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(4):551-60."
        },
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          "study": "Huang, 2016",
          "ref": "Huang, C.-Y., Lai, H.-L., Chen, C.-I., Lu, Y.-C., Li, S.-C., Wang, L.-W., & Su, Y. (2016). Effects of motivational enhancement therapy plus cognitive behaviour therapy on depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life in adults with type II diabetes mellitus: A randomised controlled trial. Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care & Rehabilitation, 25(5), 1275-1283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Joling, 2011",
          "ref": "Joling KJ, Hout HP, van't Veer-Tazelaar PJ, Horst HE, Cuijpers P, Ven PM, et al. How effective is bibliotherapy for very old adults with subthreshold depression? A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2011;19(3):256-65."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kelly, 1993",
          "ref": "Kelly JA, Murphy DA, Bahr GR, Kalichman SC, Morgan MG, Stevenson LY, et al. Outcome of cognitive-behavioral and support group brief therapies for depressed, HIV-infected persons. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1993;150(11):1679-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kenter, 2016",
          "ref": "Kenter, R. M. F., Cuijpers, P., Beekman, A., & van Straten, A. (2016). Effectiveness of a Web-based guided self-help intervention for outpatients with a depressive disorder: Short-term results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(3)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Korte, 2012",
          "ref": "Korte J, Bohlmeijer ET, Cappeliez P, Smit F, Westerhof GJ. Life review therapy for older adults with moderate depressive symptomatology: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(6):1163-73."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2014",
          "ref": "Kramer, J., Conijn, B., Oijevaar, P., & Riper, H. (2014). Effectiveness of a web-based solution-focused brief chat treatment for depressed adolescents and young adults: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res, 16(5), e141. doi:10.2196/jmir.3261"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2021",
          "ref": "Krämer, L. V., Grünzig, S. D., Baumeister, H., Ebert, D. D., & Bengel, J. (2021). Effectiveness of a Guided Web-Based Intervention to Reduce Depressive Symptoms before Outpatient Psychotherapy: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 90(4), 233-242. https://doi.org/10.1159/000515625"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lamers, 2015",
          "ref": "Lamers SMA, Bohlmeijer ET, Korte J, Westerhof GJ. The efficacy of life-review as online-guided self-help for adults: A randomized trial. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 2015; 70B(1): 24-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee, 2021",
          "ref": "Lee, E., Han, Y., Cha, Y. J., Oh, J. H., Hwang, N. R., Seo, H. J., & Choi, K. H. (2021). Community-Based Multi-Site Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation for Patients with Depressive Disorders [Article in Press]. Community mental health journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-021-00828-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Levin, 2011",
          "ref": "Levin W, Campbell DR, McGovern KB, Gau JM, Kosty DB, Seeley JR, et al. A computer-assisted depression intervention in primary care. Psychological Medicine. 2011;41(7):1373-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lintvedt, 2013",
          "ref": "Lintvedt OK, Griffiths KM, Sorensen K, ÿstvik AR, Wang CE, Eisemann M, et al. Evaluating the effectiveness and efficacy of unguided internet-based self-help intervention for the prevention of depression: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2013;20(1):10-27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Losada, 2015",
          "ref": "Losada A, Márquez-González M, Romero-Moreno R, Mausbach BT, López J, Fernández-Fernández V, et al. Cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for dementia family caregivers with significant depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(4):760-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "McCusker, 2021",
          "ref": "McCusker, J., Jones, J. M., Li, M., Faria, R., Yaffe, M. J., Lambert, S. D., Ciampi, A., Belzile, E., & de Raad, M. (2021). CanDirect: Effectiveness of a Telephone-Supported Depression Self-Care Intervention for Cancer Survivors. J Clin Oncol, 39(10), 1150-1161. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.20.01802"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennen, 2021",
          "ref": "Mennen, F. E., Palmer Molina, A., Monro, W. L., Duan, L., Stuart, S., & Sosna, T. (2021). Effectiveness of an Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) Group Depression Treatment for Head Start Mothers: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. J Affect Disord, 280(Pt B), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.074"
        },
        {
          "study": "Moskowitz, 2021",
          "ref": "Moskowitz, J. T., Addington, E. L., Shiu, E., Bassett, S. M., Schuette, S., Kwok, I., Freedman, M. E., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., Cohn, M. A., & Cheung, E. O. Facilitator Contact, Discussion Boards, and Virtual Badges as Adherence Enhancements to a Web-Based, Self-guided, Positive Psychological Intervention for Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 23(9), e25922."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nobis, 2015",
          "ref": "Nobis S, Lehr D, Ebert DD, Baumeister H, Snoek F, Riper H, et al. Efficacy of a web-based intervention with mobile phone support in treating depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(5):776-83."
        },
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          "study": "Pachankis, 2020",
          "ref": "Pachankis JE, McConocha EM, Clark KA, Wang K, Behari K, Fetzner BK, et al. A transdiagnostic minority stress intervention for gender diverse sexual minority women's depression, anxiety, and unhealthy alcohol use: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 2020;88(7):613-30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Penckofer, 2012",
          "ref": "Penckofer SM, Ferrans C, Mumby P, Byrn M, Emanuele MA, Harrison PR, et al. A psychoeducational intervention (SWEEP) for depressed women with diabetes. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2012;44(2):192-206."
        },
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          "study": "Pibernik-Okanovic, 2015",
          "ref": "Pibernik-Okanović M, Hermanns N, Ajduković D, Kos J, Prašek M, Šekerija M, Lovrenčić MV. Does treatment of subsyndromal depression improve depression-related and diabetes-related outcomes? A randomised controlled comparison of psychoeducation, physical exercise and enhanced treatment as usual. Trials. 2015 Jul 15;16:305."
        },
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          "study": "Pot, 2010",
          "ref": "Pot AM, Bohlmeijer ET, Onrust S, Melenhorst A-S, Veerbeek M, De Vries W. The impact of life review on depression in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2010;22(4):572-81."
        },
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          "study": "Pots, 2014",
          "ref": "Pots WTM, Meulenbeek PAM, Veehof MM, Klungers J, Bohlmeijer ET. The efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a public mental health intervention for adults with mild to moderate depressive symptomatology: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2014;9(10)."
        },
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          "study": "Pots, 2016",
          "ref": "Pots WT, Fledderus M, Meulenbeek PA, ten Klooster PM, Schreurs KM, Bohlmeijer ET. Acceptance and commitment therapy as a web-based intervention for depressive symptoms: Randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2016;208(1):69-77."
        },
        {
          "study": "Roepke, 2015",
          "ref": "Roepke AM, Jaffee SR, Riffle OM, McGonigal J, Broome R, Maxwell B. Randomized controlled trial of SuperBetter, a smartphone-based/internet-based self-help tool to reduce depressive symptoms. Games for Health 2015-4(3): 235-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2016",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2021",
          "ref": "Safren, S. A., O'Cleirigh, C., Andersen, L. S., Magidson, J. F., Lee, J. S., Bainter, S. A., . . . Joska, J. A. (2021). Treating depression and improving adherence in HIV care with task-shared cognitive behavioural therapy in Khayelitsha, South Africa: a randomized controlled trial. J Int AIDS Soc, 24(10), e25823. doi:10.1002/jia2.25823"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schlicker, 2020",
          "ref": "Schlicker S, Baumeister H, Buntrock C, et al. A web- And mobile-based intervention for comorbid, recurrent depression in patients with chronic back pain on sick leave (get.back): Pilot randomized controlled trial on feasibility, user satisfaction, and effectiveness. JMIR Mental Health. 2020;7(4)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schuster, 2017",
          "ref": "Schuster, R., Leitner, I., Carlbring, P., & Laireiter, A.-R. (2017). Exploring blended group interventions for depression: randomised controlled feasibility study of a blended computer- and multimedia-supported psychoeducational group intervention for adults with depressive symptoms. Internet Interventions, 8, 63-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Serrano, 2004",
          "ref": "Serrano JP, Latorre JM, Gatz M, Montanes J. Life review therapy using autobiographical retrieval practice for older adults with depressive symptomatology. Psychology and Aging. 2004;19(2):270-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tobin, 2017",
          "ref": "Tobin, K., Davey-Rothwell, M. A., Nonyane, B. A. S., Knowlton, A., Wissow, L., & Latkin, C. A. (2017). RCT of an integrated CBT-HIV intervention on depressive symptoms and HIV risk."
        },
        {
          "study": "Unlu-Ince, 2013",
          "ref": "Unlu Ince B, Cuijpers P, t Hof E, Ballegooijen W, Christensen H, Riper H. Internet-based, culturally sensitive, problem-solving therapy for Turkish migrants with depression: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2013;15(10):e227."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
          "ref": "van Luenen, S., Garnefski, N., Spinhoven, P., & Kraaij, V. (2018). Guided internet-based intervention for people with HIV and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial in the Netherlands. The lancet HIV, 5(9), e488-e497."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2017",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Torres, Á., Otero, P., Blanco, V., Díaz, O., & Estévez, L. E. (2017). Analysis of the components of a cognitive-behavioral intervention administered via conference call for preventing depression among non-professional caregivers: A pilot study. Aging Ment Health, 21(9), 938-946."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2020",
          "ref": "Vázquez FL, López L, Torres Á J, et al. Analysis of the Components of a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for the prevention of Depression Administered via Conference Call to Nonprofessional Caregivers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(6)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Blanco, V., Hita, I., Torres, Á. J., Otero, P., Páramo, M., & Salmerón, M. (2023). Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(18)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez-Gonzalez, 2013",
          "ref": "Vázquez González FL, Otero Otero P, Torres Iglesias A, Hermida Garcìa E, Blanco Seoane V, Dìaz Fernández O. A brief problem-solving indicated-prevention intervention for prevention of depression in nonprofessional caregivers. Psicothema. 2013;25(1):87-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vázquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., et al. (2023). \"Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial.\" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12(18). "
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker, 2014",
          "ref": "Walker JV, Lampropoulos GK. A comparison of self-help (homework) activities for mood enhancement: Results from a brief randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration. 2014;24(1):46-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Warmerdam, 2008",
          "ref": "Warmerdam L, Straten A, Twisk J, Riper H, Cuijpers P. Internet-based treatment for adults with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2008;10(4):e44."
        },
        {
          "study": "Westerhof, 2019",
          "ref": "Westerhof, G. J., Lamers, S. M. A., Postel, M. G., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2019). Online Therapy for Depressive Symptoms: An Evaluation of Counselor-Led and Peer-Supported Life Review Therapy. The Gerontologist, 59(1), 135-146. doi:10.1093/geront/gnx140"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wuthrich, 2013",
          "ref": "Wuthrich VM, Rapee RM. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behavioural therapy for comorbid anxiety and depression in older adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2013;51(12):779-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "van der Zanden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Zanden, R., Kramer, J., Gerrits, R., & Cuijpers, P. (2012). Effectiveness of an online group course for depression in adolescents and young adults: a randomized trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 14(3), e86."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 403,
      "instr": "CES-D",
      "full": "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Country / Region",
      "sgv": "North America",
      "model": "Random-effects (RE)",
      "k": 18,
      "k_es": 30,
      "sd": 10.518,
      "lo": 8.665,
      "hi": 12.768,
      "tau2": 0.17,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 4.581,
      "phi": 24.148,
      "i2": 97.6,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Beeber, 2010",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Bower, 2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chesney, 2003",
          "ref": "Chesney MA, Chambers DB, Taylor JM, Johnson LM, Folkman S. Coping effectiveness training for men living with HIV: Results from a randomized clinical trial testing a group-based intervention. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2003;65(6):1038-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gitlin, 2013",
          "ref": "Gitlin LN, Harris LF, McCoy MC, Chernett NL, Pizzi LT, Jutkowitz E, et al. A home-based intervention to reduce depressive symptoms and improve quality of life in older African Americans: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;159(4):243-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kelly, 1993",
          "ref": "Kelly JA, Murphy DA, Bahr GR, Kalichman SC, Morgan MG, Stevenson LY, et al. Outcome of cognitive-behavioral and support group brief therapies for depressed, HIV-infected persons. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1993;150(11):1679-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levin, 2011",
          "ref": "Levin W, Campbell DR, McGovern KB, Gau JM, Kosty DB, Seeley JR, et al. A computer-assisted depression intervention in primary care. Psychological Medicine. 2011;41(7):1373-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "McCusker, 2021",
          "ref": "McCusker, J., Jones, J. M., Li, M., Faria, R., Yaffe, M. J., Lambert, S. D., Ciampi, A., Belzile, E., & de Raad, M. (2021). CanDirect: Effectiveness of a Telephone-Supported Depression Self-Care Intervention for Cancer Survivors. J Clin Oncol, 39(10), 1150-1161. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.20.01802"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennen, 2021",
          "ref": "Mennen, F. E., Palmer Molina, A., Monro, W. L., Duan, L., Stuart, S., & Sosna, T. (2021). Effectiveness of an Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) Group Depression Treatment for Head Start Mothers: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. J Affect Disord, 280(Pt B), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.074"
        },
        {
          "study": "Moskowitz, 2021",
          "ref": "Moskowitz, J. T., Addington, E. L., Shiu, E., Bassett, S. M., Schuette, S., Kwok, I., Freedman, M. E., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., Cohn, M. A., & Cheung, E. O. Facilitator Contact, Discussion Boards, and Virtual Badges as Adherence Enhancements to a Web-Based, Self-guided, Positive Psychological Intervention for Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 23(9), e25922."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pachankis, 2020",
          "ref": "Pachankis JE, McConocha EM, Clark KA, Wang K, Behari K, Fetzner BK, et al. A transdiagnostic minority stress intervention for gender diverse sexual minority women's depression, anxiety, and unhealthy alcohol use: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 2020;88(7):613-30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Penckofer, 2012",
          "ref": "Penckofer SM, Ferrans C, Mumby P, Byrn M, Emanuele MA, Harrison PR, et al. A psychoeducational intervention (SWEEP) for depressed women with diabetes. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2012;44(2):192-206."
        },
        {
          "study": "Roepke, 2015",
          "ref": "Roepke AM, Jaffee SR, Riffle OM, McGonigal J, Broome R, Maxwell B. Randomized controlled trial of SuperBetter, a smartphone-based/internet-based self-help tool to reduce depressive symptoms. Games for Health 2015-4(3): 235-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2016",
          "ref": "Safren SA, Bedoya CA, O'Cleirigh C, Biello KB, Pinkston MM, Stein MD, et al. Cognitive behavioural therapy for adherence and depression in patients with HIV: A three-arm randomised controlled trial. The Lancet HIV. 2016;3(11):e529-e38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Tobin, 2017",
          "ref": "Tobin, K., Davey-Rothwell, M. A., Nonyane, B. A. S., Knowlton, A., Wissow, L., & Latkin, C. A. (2017). RCT of an integrated CBT-HIV intervention on depressive symptoms and HIV risk."
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker, 2014",
          "ref": "Walker JV, Lampropoulos GK. A comparison of self-help (homework) activities for mood enhancement: Results from a brief randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration. 2014;24(1):46-64."
        }
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
        },
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          "study": "Afonso, 2009",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Baumgartner, 2021",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Beeber, 2010",
          "ref": "Beeber LS, Holditch-Davis D, Perreira K, Schwartz TA, Lewis V, Blanchard H, et al. Short-term in-home intervention reduces depressive symptoms in Early Head Start Latina mothers of infants and toddlers. Research in Nursing and Health. 2010;33(1):60-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2023",
          "ref": "Blanco V, Otero P, Vázquez FL. A pilot study for a smartphone app for the prevention of depression in non-professional caregivers. Aging Ment Health. 2023 Jan;27(1):166-175. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2056878. Epub 2022 Mar 30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2018",
          "ref": "Boele FW, Klein M, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for glioma patients with depressive symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of neuro-oncology 2018; 137(1): 191‐203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2021",
          "ref": "Boele, F. W., et al. (2021). \"The effects of SmartCare© on neuro-oncology family caregivers’ distress: a randomized controlled trial.\" Supportive Care in Cancer."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bohlmeijer, 2011",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Bower, 2021",
          "ref": "Bower, J. E., Partridge, A. H., Wolff, A. C., Thorner, E. D., Irwin, M. R., Joffe, H., Petersen, L., Crespi, C. M., & Ganz, P. A. (2021, Nov 1). Targeting Depressive Symptoms in Younger Breast Cancer Survivors: The Pathways to Wellness Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness Meditation and Survivorship Education. J Clin Oncol, 39(31), 3473-3484. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.21.00279"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
        {
          "study": "Buntrock, 2015",
          "ref": "Buntrock C, Ebert D, Lehr D, Riper H, Smit F, Cuijpers P, et al. Effectiveness of a web-based cognitive behavioural intervention for subthreshold depression: Pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(6):348-58."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chesney, 2003",
          "ref": "Chesney MA, Chambers DB, Taylor JM, Johnson LM, Folkman S. Coping effectiveness training for men living with HIV: Results from a randomized clinical trial testing a group-based intervention. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2003;65(6):1038-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2014",
          "ref": "Ebert, D. D., Lehr, D., Boß, L., Riper, H., Cuijpers, P., Andersson, G., . . . Berking, M. (2014). Efficacy of an internet-based problem-solving training for teachers: results of a randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 582-596. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2018",
          "ref": "Ebert DD, Buntrock C, Lehr D, et al. Effectiveness of Web- and Mobile-Based Treatment of Subthreshold Depression With Adherence-Focused Guidance: a Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior therapy 2018; 49(1): 71‐83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ede, 2020",
          "ref": "Ede MO, Igbo JN, Eseadi C, et al. Effect of group cognitive behavioural therapy on depressive symptoms in a sample of college adolescents in Nigeria. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. 2020;38(3):306-318."
        },
        {
          "study": "Farrer, 2011",
          "ref": "Farrer L, Christensen H, Griffiths KM, Mackinnon A. Internet-based CBT for depression with and without telephone tracking in a national helpline: Randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e28099."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fledderus, 2012",
          "ref": "Fledderus M, Bohlmeijer ET, Pieterse ME, Schreurs KM. Acceptance and commitment therapy as guided self-help for psychological distress and positive mental health: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(3):485-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Geraedts, 2014",
          "ref": "Geraedts AS, Kleiboer AM, Wiezer NM, van Mechelen W, Cuijpers P. Short-term effects of a web-based guided self-help intervention for employees with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2014;16(5):e121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gitlin, 2013",
          "ref": "Gitlin LN, Harris LF, McCoy MC, Chernett NL, Pizzi LT, Jutkowitz E, et al. A home-based intervention to reduce depressive symptoms and improve quality of life in older African Americans: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;159(4):243-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guo, 2020",
          "ref": "Guo Y, Hong YA, Cai W, et al. Effect of a WeChat-Based Intervention (Run4Love) on Depressive Symptoms Among People Living With HIV in China: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(2):e16715."
        },
        {
          "study": "Haringsma, 2006",
          "ref": "Haringsma R, Engels G, Cuijpers P, Spinhoven P. Effectiveness of the Coping With Depression (CWD) course for older adults provided by the community-based mental health care system in the Netherlands: A randomized controlled field trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2006;18(02):307-25."
        },
        {
          "study": "Harrer, 2021",
          "ref": "Harrer, M., Apolinário-Hagen, J., Fritsche, L., Salewski, C., Zarski, A. C., Lehr, D., Baumeister, H., Cuijpers, P., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effect of an internet- and app-based stress intervention compared to online psychoeducation in university students with depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Internet Interventions, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100374"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heller, 2020",
          "ref": "Heller HM, Hoogendoorn AW, Honig A, Broekman BFP, van Straten A. The Effectiveness of a Guided Internet-Based Tool for the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety in Pregnancy (MamaKits Online): Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(3):e15172."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hermanns, 2015",
          "ref": "Hermanns N, Schmitt A, Gahr A, Herder C, Nowotny B, Roden M, et al. The effect of a diabetes-specific cognitive behavioral treatment program (DIAMOS) for patients with diabetes and subclinical depression: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(4):551-60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2016",
          "ref": "Huang, C.-Y., Lai, H.-L., Chen, C.-I., Lu, Y.-C., Li, S.-C., Wang, L.-W., & Su, Y. (2016). Effects of motivational enhancement therapy plus cognitive behaviour therapy on depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life in adults with type II diabetes mellitus: A randomised controlled trial. Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care & Rehabilitation, 25(5), 1275-1283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Joling, 2011",
          "ref": "Joling KJ, Hout HP, van't Veer-Tazelaar PJ, Horst HE, Cuijpers P, Ven PM, et al. How effective is bibliotherapy for very old adults with subthreshold depression? A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2011;19(3):256-65."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kelly, 1993",
          "ref": "Kelly JA, Murphy DA, Bahr GR, Kalichman SC, Morgan MG, Stevenson LY, et al. Outcome of cognitive-behavioral and support group brief therapies for depressed, HIV-infected persons. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1993;150(11):1679-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kenter, 2016",
          "ref": "Kenter, R. M. F., Cuijpers, P., Beekman, A., & van Straten, A. (2016). Effectiveness of a Web-based guided self-help intervention for outpatients with a depressive disorder: Short-term results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(3)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Korte, 2012",
          "ref": "Korte J, Bohlmeijer ET, Cappeliez P, Smit F, Westerhof GJ. Life review therapy for older adults with moderate depressive symptomatology: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(6):1163-73."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2014",
          "ref": "Kramer, J., Conijn, B., Oijevaar, P., & Riper, H. (2014). Effectiveness of a web-based solution-focused brief chat treatment for depressed adolescents and young adults: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res, 16(5), e141. doi:10.2196/jmir.3261"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2021",
          "ref": "Krämer, L. V., Grünzig, S. D., Baumeister, H., Ebert, D. D., & Bengel, J. (2021). Effectiveness of a Guided Web-Based Intervention to Reduce Depressive Symptoms before Outpatient Psychotherapy: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 90(4), 233-242. https://doi.org/10.1159/000515625"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lamers, 2015",
          "ref": "Lamers SMA, Bohlmeijer ET, Korte J, Westerhof GJ. The efficacy of life-review as online-guided self-help for adults: A randomized trial. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 2015; 70B(1): 24-34."
        },
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          "study": "Lee, 2021",
          "ref": "Lee, E., Han, Y., Cha, Y. J., Oh, J. H., Hwang, N. R., Seo, H. J., & Choi, K. H. (2021). Community-Based Multi-Site Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation for Patients with Depressive Disorders [Article in Press]. Community mental health journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-021-00828-3"
        },
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        },
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          "study": "Lintvedt, 2013",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Losada, 2015",
          "ref": "Losada A, Márquez-González M, Romero-Moreno R, Mausbach BT, López J, Fernández-Fernández V, et al. Cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for dementia family caregivers with significant depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(4):760-72."
        },
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          "study": "McCusker, 2021",
          "ref": "McCusker, J., Jones, J. M., Li, M., Faria, R., Yaffe, M. J., Lambert, S. D., Ciampi, A., Belzile, E., & de Raad, M. (2021). CanDirect: Effectiveness of a Telephone-Supported Depression Self-Care Intervention for Cancer Survivors. J Clin Oncol, 39(10), 1150-1161. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.20.01802"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennen, 2021",
          "ref": "Mennen, F. E., Palmer Molina, A., Monro, W. L., Duan, L., Stuart, S., & Sosna, T. (2021). Effectiveness of an Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) Group Depression Treatment for Head Start Mothers: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. J Affect Disord, 280(Pt B), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.074"
        },
        {
          "study": "Moskowitz, 2021",
          "ref": "Moskowitz, J. T., Addington, E. L., Shiu, E., Bassett, S. M., Schuette, S., Kwok, I., Freedman, M. E., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., Cohn, M. A., & Cheung, E. O. Facilitator Contact, Discussion Boards, and Virtual Badges as Adherence Enhancements to a Web-Based, Self-guided, Positive Psychological Intervention for Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 23(9), e25922."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nobis, 2015",
          "ref": "Nobis S, Lehr D, Ebert DD, Baumeister H, Snoek F, Riper H, et al. Efficacy of a web-based intervention with mobile phone support in treating depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(5):776-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pachankis, 2020",
          "ref": "Pachankis JE, McConocha EM, Clark KA, Wang K, Behari K, Fetzner BK, et al. A transdiagnostic minority stress intervention for gender diverse sexual minority women's depression, anxiety, and unhealthy alcohol use: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 2020;88(7):613-30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Penckofer, 2012",
          "ref": "Penckofer SM, Ferrans C, Mumby P, Byrn M, Emanuele MA, Harrison PR, et al. A psychoeducational intervention (SWEEP) for depressed women with diabetes. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2012;44(2):192-206."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pibernik-Okanovic, 2015",
          "ref": "Pibernik-Okanović M, Hermanns N, Ajduković D, Kos J, Prašek M, Šekerija M, Lovrenčić MV. Does treatment of subsyndromal depression improve depression-related and diabetes-related outcomes? A randomised controlled comparison of psychoeducation, physical exercise and enhanced treatment as usual. Trials. 2015 Jul 15;16:305."
        },
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          "study": "Pot, 2010",
          "ref": "Pot AM, Bohlmeijer ET, Onrust S, Melenhorst A-S, Veerbeek M, De Vries W. The impact of life review on depression in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2010;22(4):572-81."
        },
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          "study": "Pots, 2014",
          "ref": "Pots WTM, Meulenbeek PAM, Veehof MM, Klungers J, Bohlmeijer ET. The efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a public mental health intervention for adults with mild to moderate depressive symptomatology: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2014;9(10)."
        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Roepke, 2015",
          "ref": "Roepke AM, Jaffee SR, Riffle OM, McGonigal J, Broome R, Maxwell B. Randomized controlled trial of SuperBetter, a smartphone-based/internet-based self-help tool to reduce depressive symptoms. Games for Health 2015-4(3): 235-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2016",
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        },
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          "study": "Safren, 2021",
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        },
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          "study": "Schlicker, 2020",
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        },
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          "study": "Schuster, 2017",
          "ref": "Schuster, R., Leitner, I., Carlbring, P., & Laireiter, A.-R. (2017). Exploring blended group interventions for depression: randomised controlled feasibility study of a blended computer- and multimedia-supported psychoeducational group intervention for adults with depressive symptoms. Internet Interventions, 8, 63-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Serrano, 2004",
          "ref": "Serrano JP, Latorre JM, Gatz M, Montanes J. Life review therapy using autobiographical retrieval practice for older adults with depressive symptomatology. Psychology and Aging. 2004;19(2):270-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tobin, 2017",
          "ref": "Tobin, K., Davey-Rothwell, M. A., Nonyane, B. A. S., Knowlton, A., Wissow, L., & Latkin, C. A. (2017). RCT of an integrated CBT-HIV intervention on depressive symptoms and HIV risk."
        },
        {
          "study": "Unlu-Ince, 2013",
          "ref": "Unlu Ince B, Cuijpers P, t Hof E, Ballegooijen W, Christensen H, Riper H. Internet-based, culturally sensitive, problem-solving therapy for Turkish migrants with depression: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2013;15(10):e227."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
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        },
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          "study": "Vazquez, 2017",
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        },
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          "study": "Vazquez, 2020",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2023",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez-Gonzalez, 2013",
          "ref": "Vázquez González FL, Otero Otero P, Torres Iglesias A, Hermida Garcìa E, Blanco Seoane V, Dìaz Fernández O. A brief problem-solving indicated-prevention intervention for prevention of depression in nonprofessional caregivers. Psicothema. 2013;25(1):87-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vázquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., et al. (2023). \"Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial.\" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12(18). "
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker, 2014",
          "ref": "Walker JV, Lampropoulos GK. A comparison of self-help (homework) activities for mood enhancement: Results from a brief randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration. 2014;24(1):46-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Warmerdam, 2008",
          "ref": "Warmerdam L, Straten A, Twisk J, Riper H, Cuijpers P. Internet-based treatment for adults with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2008;10(4):e44."
        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "van der Zanden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Zanden, R., Kramer, J., Gerrits, R., & Cuijpers, P. (2012). Effectiveness of an online group course for depression in adolescents and young adults: a randomized trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 14(3), e86."
        }
      ]
    },
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Ede, 2020",
          "ref": "Ede MO, Igbo JN, Eseadi C, et al. Effect of group cognitive behavioural therapy on depressive symptoms in a sample of college adolescents in Nigeria. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. 2020;38(3):306-318."
        },
        {
          "study": "Farrer, 2011",
          "ref": "Farrer L, Christensen H, Griffiths KM, Mackinnon A. Internet-based CBT for depression with and without telephone tracking in a national helpline: Randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e28099."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2021",
          "ref": "Safren, S. A., O'Cleirigh, C., Andersen, L. S., Magidson, J. F., Lee, J. S., Bainter, S. A., . . . Joska, J. A. (2021). Treating depression and improving adherence in HIV care with task-shared cognitive behavioural therapy in Khayelitsha, South Africa: a randomized controlled trial. J Int AIDS Soc, 24(10), e25823. doi:10.1002/jia2.25823"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wuthrich, 2013",
          "ref": "Wuthrich VM, Rapee RM. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behavioural therapy for comorbid anxiety and depression in older adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2013;51(12):779-86."
        }
      ]
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    {
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      "sg": "Country / Region",
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      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afonso, 2009",
          "ref": "Afonso, R., & Bueno, B. (2009). Efectos de un programa de reminiscencia sobre la sintomatología depresiva en una muestra de población mayor portuguesa. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 44(6), 317-322."
        },
        {
          "study": "Baumgartner, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumgartner, C., Schaub, M. P., Wenger, A., Malischnig, D., Augsburger, M., Lehr, D., . . . Haug, S. (2021). \"Take Care of You\" - Efficacy of integrated, minimal-guidance, internet-based self-help for reducing co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression symptoms in adults: Results of a three-arm randomized controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Depend, 225, 108806. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108806"
        },
        {
          "study": "Beeber, 2010",
          "ref": "Beeber LS, Holditch-Davis D, Perreira K, Schwartz TA, Lewis V, Blanchard H, et al. Short-term in-home intervention reduces depressive symptoms in Early Head Start Latina mothers of infants and toddlers. Research in Nursing and Health. 2010;33(1):60-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2023",
          "ref": "Blanco V, Otero P, Vázquez FL. A pilot study for a smartphone app for the prevention of depression in non-professional caregivers. Aging Ment Health. 2023 Jan;27(1):166-175. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2056878. Epub 2022 Mar 30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2018",
          "ref": "Boele FW, Klein M, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for glioma patients with depressive symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of neuro-oncology 2018; 137(1): 191‐203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2021",
          "ref": "Boele, F. W., et al. (2021). \"The effects of SmartCare© on neuro-oncology family caregivers’ distress: a randomized controlled trial.\" Supportive Care in Cancer."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bohlmeijer, 2011",
          "ref": "Bohlmeijer ET, Fledderus M, Rokx TA, Pieterse ME. Efficacy of an early intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy for adults with depressive symptomatology: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy. 2011;49(1):62-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bower, 2021",
          "ref": "Bower, J. E., Partridge, A. H., Wolff, A. C., Thorner, E. D., Irwin, M. R., Joffe, H., Petersen, L., Crespi, C. M., & Ganz, P. A. (2021, Nov 1). Targeting Depressive Symptoms in Younger Breast Cancer Survivors: The Pathways to Wellness Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness Meditation and Survivorship Education. J Clin Oncol, 39(31), 3473-3484. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.21.00279"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
        {
          "study": "Buntrock, 2015",
          "ref": "Buntrock C, Ebert D, Lehr D, Riper H, Smit F, Cuijpers P, et al. Effectiveness of a web-based cognitive behavioural intervention for subthreshold depression: Pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(6):348-58."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chesney, 2003",
          "ref": "Chesney MA, Chambers DB, Taylor JM, Johnson LM, Folkman S. Coping effectiveness training for men living with HIV: Results from a randomized clinical trial testing a group-based intervention. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2003;65(6):1038-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2014",
          "ref": "Ebert, D. D., Lehr, D., Boß, L., Riper, H., Cuijpers, P., Andersson, G., . . . Berking, M. (2014). Efficacy of an internet-based problem-solving training for teachers: results of a randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 582-596. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2018",
          "ref": "Ebert DD, Buntrock C, Lehr D, et al. Effectiveness of Web- and Mobile-Based Treatment of Subthreshold Depression With Adherence-Focused Guidance: a Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior therapy 2018; 49(1): 71‐83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ede, 2020",
          "ref": "Ede MO, Igbo JN, Eseadi C, et al. Effect of group cognitive behavioural therapy on depressive symptoms in a sample of college adolescents in Nigeria. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. 2020;38(3):306-318."
        },
        {
          "study": "Farrer, 2011",
          "ref": "Farrer L, Christensen H, Griffiths KM, Mackinnon A. Internet-based CBT for depression with and without telephone tracking in a national helpline: Randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e28099."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fledderus, 2012",
          "ref": "Fledderus M, Bohlmeijer ET, Pieterse ME, Schreurs KM. Acceptance and commitment therapy as guided self-help for psychological distress and positive mental health: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(3):485-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Geraedts, 2014",
          "ref": "Geraedts AS, Kleiboer AM, Wiezer NM, van Mechelen W, Cuijpers P. Short-term effects of a web-based guided self-help intervention for employees with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2014;16(5):e121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gitlin, 2013",
          "ref": "Gitlin LN, Harris LF, McCoy MC, Chernett NL, Pizzi LT, Jutkowitz E, et al. A home-based intervention to reduce depressive symptoms and improve quality of life in older African Americans: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;159(4):243-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guo, 2020",
          "ref": "Guo Y, Hong YA, Cai W, et al. Effect of a WeChat-Based Intervention (Run4Love) on Depressive Symptoms Among People Living With HIV in China: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(2):e16715."
        },
        {
          "study": "Haringsma, 2006",
          "ref": "Haringsma R, Engels G, Cuijpers P, Spinhoven P. Effectiveness of the Coping With Depression (CWD) course for older adults provided by the community-based mental health care system in the Netherlands: A randomized controlled field trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2006;18(02):307-25."
        },
        {
          "study": "Harrer, 2021",
          "ref": "Harrer, M., Apolinário-Hagen, J., Fritsche, L., Salewski, C., Zarski, A. C., Lehr, D., Baumeister, H., Cuijpers, P., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effect of an internet- and app-based stress intervention compared to online psychoeducation in university students with depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Internet Interventions, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100374"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heller, 2020",
          "ref": "Heller HM, Hoogendoorn AW, Honig A, Broekman BFP, van Straten A. The Effectiveness of a Guided Internet-Based Tool for the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety in Pregnancy (MamaKits Online): Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(3):e15172."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hermanns, 2015",
          "ref": "Hermanns N, Schmitt A, Gahr A, Herder C, Nowotny B, Roden M, et al. The effect of a diabetes-specific cognitive behavioral treatment program (DIAMOS) for patients with diabetes and subclinical depression: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(4):551-60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2016",
          "ref": "Huang, C.-Y., Lai, H.-L., Chen, C.-I., Lu, Y.-C., Li, S.-C., Wang, L.-W., & Su, Y. (2016). Effects of motivational enhancement therapy plus cognitive behaviour therapy on depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life in adults with type II diabetes mellitus: A randomised controlled trial. Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care & Rehabilitation, 25(5), 1275-1283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Joling, 2011",
          "ref": "Joling KJ, Hout HP, van't Veer-Tazelaar PJ, Horst HE, Cuijpers P, Ven PM, et al. How effective is bibliotherapy for very old adults with subthreshold depression? A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2011;19(3):256-65."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kelly, 1993",
          "ref": "Kelly JA, Murphy DA, Bahr GR, Kalichman SC, Morgan MG, Stevenson LY, et al. Outcome of cognitive-behavioral and support group brief therapies for depressed, HIV-infected persons. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1993;150(11):1679-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kenter, 2016",
          "ref": "Kenter, R. M. F., Cuijpers, P., Beekman, A., & van Straten, A. (2016). Effectiveness of a Web-based guided self-help intervention for outpatients with a depressive disorder: Short-term results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(3)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Korte, 2012",
          "ref": "Korte J, Bohlmeijer ET, Cappeliez P, Smit F, Westerhof GJ. Life review therapy for older adults with moderate depressive symptomatology: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(6):1163-73."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2014",
          "ref": "Kramer, J., Conijn, B., Oijevaar, P., & Riper, H. (2014). Effectiveness of a web-based solution-focused brief chat treatment for depressed adolescents and young adults: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res, 16(5), e141. doi:10.2196/jmir.3261"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2021",
          "ref": "Krämer, L. V., Grünzig, S. D., Baumeister, H., Ebert, D. D., & Bengel, J. (2021). Effectiveness of a Guided Web-Based Intervention to Reduce Depressive Symptoms before Outpatient Psychotherapy: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 90(4), 233-242. https://doi.org/10.1159/000515625"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lamers, 2015",
          "ref": "Lamers SMA, Bohlmeijer ET, Korte J, Westerhof GJ. The efficacy of life-review as online-guided self-help for adults: A randomized trial. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 2015; 70B(1): 24-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee, 2021",
          "ref": "Lee, E., Han, Y., Cha, Y. J., Oh, J. H., Hwang, N. R., Seo, H. J., & Choi, K. H. (2021). Community-Based Multi-Site Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation for Patients with Depressive Disorders [Article in Press]. Community mental health journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-021-00828-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Levin, 2011",
          "ref": "Levin W, Campbell DR, McGovern KB, Gau JM, Kosty DB, Seeley JR, et al. A computer-assisted depression intervention in primary care. Psychological Medicine. 2011;41(7):1373-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lintvedt, 2013",
          "ref": "Lintvedt OK, Griffiths KM, Sorensen K, ÿstvik AR, Wang CE, Eisemann M, et al. Evaluating the effectiveness and efficacy of unguided internet-based self-help intervention for the prevention of depression: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2013;20(1):10-27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Losada, 2015",
          "ref": "Losada A, Márquez-González M, Romero-Moreno R, Mausbach BT, López J, Fernández-Fernández V, et al. Cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for dementia family caregivers with significant depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(4):760-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "McCusker, 2021",
          "ref": "McCusker, J., Jones, J. M., Li, M., Faria, R., Yaffe, M. J., Lambert, S. D., Ciampi, A., Belzile, E., & de Raad, M. (2021). CanDirect: Effectiveness of a Telephone-Supported Depression Self-Care Intervention for Cancer Survivors. J Clin Oncol, 39(10), 1150-1161. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.20.01802"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennen, 2021",
          "ref": "Mennen, F. E., Palmer Molina, A., Monro, W. L., Duan, L., Stuart, S., & Sosna, T. (2021). Effectiveness of an Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) Group Depression Treatment for Head Start Mothers: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. J Affect Disord, 280(Pt B), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.074"
        },
        {
          "study": "Moskowitz, 2021",
          "ref": "Moskowitz, J. T., Addington, E. L., Shiu, E., Bassett, S. M., Schuette, S., Kwok, I., Freedman, M. E., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., Cohn, M. A., & Cheung, E. O. Facilitator Contact, Discussion Boards, and Virtual Badges as Adherence Enhancements to a Web-Based, Self-guided, Positive Psychological Intervention for Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 23(9), e25922."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nobis, 2015",
          "ref": "Nobis S, Lehr D, Ebert DD, Baumeister H, Snoek F, Riper H, et al. Efficacy of a web-based intervention with mobile phone support in treating depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(5):776-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pachankis, 2020",
          "ref": "Pachankis JE, McConocha EM, Clark KA, Wang K, Behari K, Fetzner BK, et al. A transdiagnostic minority stress intervention for gender diverse sexual minority women's depression, anxiety, and unhealthy alcohol use: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 2020;88(7):613-30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Penckofer, 2012",
          "ref": "Penckofer SM, Ferrans C, Mumby P, Byrn M, Emanuele MA, Harrison PR, et al. A psychoeducational intervention (SWEEP) for depressed women with diabetes. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2012;44(2):192-206."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pibernik-Okanovic, 2015",
          "ref": "Pibernik-Okanović M, Hermanns N, Ajduković D, Kos J, Prašek M, Šekerija M, Lovrenčić MV. Does treatment of subsyndromal depression improve depression-related and diabetes-related outcomes? A randomised controlled comparison of psychoeducation, physical exercise and enhanced treatment as usual. Trials. 2015 Jul 15;16:305."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pot, 2010",
          "ref": "Pot AM, Bohlmeijer ET, Onrust S, Melenhorst A-S, Veerbeek M, De Vries W. The impact of life review on depression in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2010;22(4):572-81."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pots, 2014",
          "ref": "Pots WTM, Meulenbeek PAM, Veehof MM, Klungers J, Bohlmeijer ET. The efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a public mental health intervention for adults with mild to moderate depressive symptomatology: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2014;9(10)."
        },
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          "study": "Pots, 2016",
          "ref": "Pots WT, Fledderus M, Meulenbeek PA, ten Klooster PM, Schreurs KM, Bohlmeijer ET. Acceptance and commitment therapy as a web-based intervention for depressive symptoms: Randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2016;208(1):69-77."
        },
        {
          "study": "Roepke, 2015",
          "ref": "Roepke AM, Jaffee SR, Riffle OM, McGonigal J, Broome R, Maxwell B. Randomized controlled trial of SuperBetter, a smartphone-based/internet-based self-help tool to reduce depressive symptoms. Games for Health 2015-4(3): 235-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2016",
          "ref": "Safren SA, Bedoya CA, O'Cleirigh C, Biello KB, Pinkston MM, Stein MD, et al. Cognitive behavioural therapy for adherence and depression in patients with HIV: A three-arm randomised controlled trial. The Lancet HIV. 2016;3(11):e529-e38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2021",
          "ref": "Safren, S. A., O'Cleirigh, C., Andersen, L. S., Magidson, J. F., Lee, J. S., Bainter, S. A., . . . Joska, J. A. (2021). Treating depression and improving adherence in HIV care with task-shared cognitive behavioural therapy in Khayelitsha, South Africa: a randomized controlled trial. J Int AIDS Soc, 24(10), e25823. doi:10.1002/jia2.25823"
        },
        {
          "study": "Schlicker, 2020",
          "ref": "Schlicker S, Baumeister H, Buntrock C, et al. A web- And mobile-based intervention for comorbid, recurrent depression in patients with chronic back pain on sick leave (get.back): Pilot randomized controlled trial on feasibility, user satisfaction, and effectiveness. JMIR Mental Health. 2020;7(4)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schuster, 2017",
          "ref": "Schuster, R., Leitner, I., Carlbring, P., & Laireiter, A.-R. (2017). Exploring blended group interventions for depression: randomised controlled feasibility study of a blended computer- and multimedia-supported psychoeducational group intervention for adults with depressive symptoms. Internet Interventions, 8, 63-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Serrano, 2004",
          "ref": "Serrano JP, Latorre JM, Gatz M, Montanes J. Life review therapy using autobiographical retrieval practice for older adults with depressive symptomatology. Psychology and Aging. 2004;19(2):270-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        },
        {
          "study": "Tobin, 2017",
          "ref": "Tobin, K., Davey-Rothwell, M. A., Nonyane, B. A. S., Knowlton, A., Wissow, L., & Latkin, C. A. (2017). RCT of an integrated CBT-HIV intervention on depressive symptoms and HIV risk."
        },
        {
          "study": "Unlu-Ince, 2013",
          "ref": "Unlu Ince B, Cuijpers P, t Hof E, Ballegooijen W, Christensen H, Riper H. Internet-based, culturally sensitive, problem-solving therapy for Turkish migrants with depression: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2013;15(10):e227."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
          "ref": "van Luenen, S., Garnefski, N., Spinhoven, P., & Kraaij, V. (2018). Guided internet-based intervention for people with HIV and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial in the Netherlands. The lancet HIV, 5(9), e488-e497."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2017",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Torres, Á., Otero, P., Blanco, V., Díaz, O., & Estévez, L. E. (2017). Analysis of the components of a cognitive-behavioral intervention administered via conference call for preventing depression among non-professional caregivers: A pilot study. Aging Ment Health, 21(9), 938-946."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2020",
          "ref": "Vázquez FL, López L, Torres Á J, et al. Analysis of the Components of a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for the prevention of Depression Administered via Conference Call to Nonprofessional Caregivers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(6)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Blanco, V., Hita, I., Torres, Á. J., Otero, P., Páramo, M., & Salmerón, M. (2023). Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(18)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez-Gonzalez, 2013",
          "ref": "Vázquez González FL, Otero Otero P, Torres Iglesias A, Hermida Garcìa E, Blanco Seoane V, Dìaz Fernández O. A brief problem-solving indicated-prevention intervention for prevention of depression in nonprofessional caregivers. Psicothema. 2013;25(1):87-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vázquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., et al. (2023). \"Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial.\" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12(18). "
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker, 2014",
          "ref": "Walker JV, Lampropoulos GK. A comparison of self-help (homework) activities for mood enhancement: Results from a brief randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration. 2014;24(1):46-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Warmerdam, 2008",
          "ref": "Warmerdam L, Straten A, Twisk J, Riper H, Cuijpers P. Internet-based treatment for adults with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2008;10(4):e44."
        },
        {
          "study": "Westerhof, 2019",
          "ref": "Westerhof, G. J., Lamers, S. M. A., Postel, M. G., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2019). Online Therapy for Depressive Symptoms: An Evaluation of Counselor-Led and Peer-Supported Life Review Therapy. The Gerontologist, 59(1), 135-146. doi:10.1093/geront/gnx140"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wuthrich, 2013",
          "ref": "Wuthrich VM, Rapee RM. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behavioural therapy for comorbid anxiety and depression in older adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2013;51(12):779-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "van der Zanden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Zanden, R., Kramer, J., Gerrits, R., & Cuijpers, P. (2012). Effectiveness of an online group course for depression in adolescents and young adults: a randomized trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 14(3), e86."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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      "phi": 30.012,
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      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Bohlmeijer, 2011",
          "ref": "Bohlmeijer ET, Fledderus M, Rokx TA, Pieterse ME. Efficacy of an early intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy for adults with depressive symptomatology: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy. 2011;49(1):62-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bower, 2021",
          "ref": "Bower, J. E., Partridge, A. H., Wolff, A. C., Thorner, E. D., Irwin, M. R., Joffe, H., Petersen, L., Crespi, C. M., & Ganz, P. A. (2021, Nov 1). Targeting Depressive Symptoms in Younger Breast Cancer Survivors: The Pathways to Wellness Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness Meditation and Survivorship Education. J Clin Oncol, 39(31), 3473-3484. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.21.00279"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chesney, 2003",
          "ref": "Chesney MA, Chambers DB, Taylor JM, Johnson LM, Folkman S. Coping effectiveness training for men living with HIV: Results from a randomized clinical trial testing a group-based intervention. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2003;65(6):1038-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ede, 2020",
          "ref": "Ede MO, Igbo JN, Eseadi C, et al. Effect of group cognitive behavioural therapy on depressive symptoms in a sample of college adolescents in Nigeria. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. 2020;38(3):306-318."
        },
        {
          "study": "Haringsma, 2006",
          "ref": "Haringsma R, Engels G, Cuijpers P, Spinhoven P. Effectiveness of the Coping With Depression (CWD) course for older adults provided by the community-based mental health care system in the Netherlands: A randomized controlled field trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2006;18(02):307-25."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hermanns, 2015",
          "ref": "Hermanns N, Schmitt A, Gahr A, Herder C, Nowotny B, Roden M, et al. The effect of a diabetes-specific cognitive behavioral treatment program (DIAMOS) for patients with diabetes and subclinical depression: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(4):551-60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2016",
          "ref": "Huang, C.-Y., Lai, H.-L., Chen, C.-I., Lu, Y.-C., Li, S.-C., Wang, L.-W., & Su, Y. (2016). Effects of motivational enhancement therapy plus cognitive behaviour therapy on depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life in adults with type II diabetes mellitus: A randomised controlled trial. Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care & Rehabilitation, 25(5), 1275-1283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kelly, 1993",
          "ref": "Kelly JA, Murphy DA, Bahr GR, Kalichman SC, Morgan MG, Stevenson LY, et al. Outcome of cognitive-behavioral and support group brief therapies for depressed, HIV-infected persons. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1993;150(11):1679-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Korte, 2012",
          "ref": "Korte J, Bohlmeijer ET, Cappeliez P, Smit F, Westerhof GJ. Life review therapy for older adults with moderate depressive symptomatology: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(6):1163-73."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee, 2021",
          "ref": "Lee, E., Han, Y., Cha, Y. J., Oh, J. H., Hwang, N. R., Seo, H. J., & Choi, K. H. (2021). Community-Based Multi-Site Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation for Patients with Depressive Disorders [Article in Press]. Community mental health journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-021-00828-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennen, 2021",
          "ref": "Mennen, F. E., Palmer Molina, A., Monro, W. L., Duan, L., Stuart, S., & Sosna, T. (2021). Effectiveness of an Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) Group Depression Treatment for Head Start Mothers: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. J Affect Disord, 280(Pt B), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.074"
        },
        {
          "study": "Penckofer, 2012",
          "ref": "Penckofer SM, Ferrans C, Mumby P, Byrn M, Emanuele MA, Harrison PR, et al. A psychoeducational intervention (SWEEP) for depressed women with diabetes. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2012;44(2):192-206."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pibernik-Okanovic, 2015",
          "ref": "Pibernik-Okanović M, Hermanns N, Ajduković D, Kos J, Prašek M, Šekerija M, Lovrenčić MV. Does treatment of subsyndromal depression improve depression-related and diabetes-related outcomes? A randomised controlled comparison of psychoeducation, physical exercise and enhanced treatment as usual. Trials. 2015 Jul 15;16:305."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pot, 2010",
          "ref": "Pot AM, Bohlmeijer ET, Onrust S, Melenhorst A-S, Veerbeek M, De Vries W. The impact of life review on depression in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2010;22(4):572-81."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pots, 2014",
          "ref": "Pots WTM, Meulenbeek PAM, Veehof MM, Klungers J, Bohlmeijer ET. The efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a public mental health intervention for adults with mild to moderate depressive symptomatology: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2014;9(10)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schuster, 2017",
          "ref": "Schuster, R., Leitner, I., Carlbring, P., & Laireiter, A.-R. (2017). Exploring blended group interventions for depression: randomised controlled feasibility study of a blended computer- and multimedia-supported psychoeducational group intervention for adults with depressive symptoms. Internet Interventions, 8, 63-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez-Gonzalez, 2013",
          "ref": "Vázquez González FL, Otero Otero P, Torres Iglesias A, Hermida Garcìa E, Blanco Seoane V, Dìaz Fernández O. A brief problem-solving indicated-prevention intervention for prevention of depression in nonprofessional caregivers. Psicothema. 2013;25(1):87-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Wuthrich, 2013",
          "ref": "Wuthrich VM, Rapee RM. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behavioural therapy for comorbid anxiety and depression in older adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2013;51(12):779-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 408,
      "instr": "CES-D",
      "full": "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Format",
      "sgv": "Group",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 68,
      "k_es": 95,
      "sd": 9.193,
      "lo": 8.22,
      "hi": 10.281,
      "tau2": 0.1993,
      "tau2w": 0.011,
      "plo": 3.717,
      "phi": 22.739,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afonso, 2009",
          "ref": "Afonso, R., & Bueno, B. (2009). Efectos de un programa de reminiscencia sobre la sintomatología depresiva en una muestra de población mayor portuguesa. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 44(6), 317-322."
        },
        {
          "study": "Baumgartner, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumgartner, C., Schaub, M. P., Wenger, A., Malischnig, D., Augsburger, M., Lehr, D., . . . Haug, S. (2021). \"Take Care of You\" - Efficacy of integrated, minimal-guidance, internet-based self-help for reducing co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression symptoms in adults: Results of a three-arm randomized controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Depend, 225, 108806. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108806"
        },
        {
          "study": "Beeber, 2010",
          "ref": "Beeber LS, Holditch-Davis D, Perreira K, Schwartz TA, Lewis V, Blanchard H, et al. Short-term in-home intervention reduces depressive symptoms in Early Head Start Latina mothers of infants and toddlers. Research in Nursing and Health. 2010;33(1):60-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2023",
          "ref": "Blanco V, Otero P, Vázquez FL. A pilot study for a smartphone app for the prevention of depression in non-professional caregivers. Aging Ment Health. 2023 Jan;27(1):166-175. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2056878. Epub 2022 Mar 30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2018",
          "ref": "Boele FW, Klein M, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for glioma patients with depressive symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of neuro-oncology 2018; 137(1): 191‐203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2021",
          "ref": "Boele, F. W., et al. (2021). \"The effects of SmartCare© on neuro-oncology family caregivers’ distress: a randomized controlled trial.\" Supportive Care in Cancer."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bohlmeijer, 2011",
          "ref": "Bohlmeijer ET, Fledderus M, Rokx TA, Pieterse ME. Efficacy of an early intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy for adults with depressive symptomatology: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy. 2011;49(1):62-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bower, 2021",
          "ref": "Bower, J. E., Partridge, A. H., Wolff, A. C., Thorner, E. D., Irwin, M. R., Joffe, H., Petersen, L., Crespi, C. M., & Ganz, P. A. (2021, Nov 1). Targeting Depressive Symptoms in Younger Breast Cancer Survivors: The Pathways to Wellness Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness Meditation and Survivorship Education. J Clin Oncol, 39(31), 3473-3484. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.21.00279"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
        {
          "study": "Buntrock, 2015",
          "ref": "Buntrock C, Ebert D, Lehr D, Riper H, Smit F, Cuijpers P, et al. Effectiveness of a web-based cognitive behavioural intervention for subthreshold depression: Pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(6):348-58."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chesney, 2003",
          "ref": "Chesney MA, Chambers DB, Taylor JM, Johnson LM, Folkman S. Coping effectiveness training for men living with HIV: Results from a randomized clinical trial testing a group-based intervention. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2003;65(6):1038-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2014",
          "ref": "Ebert, D. D., Lehr, D., Boß, L., Riper, H., Cuijpers, P., Andersson, G., . . . Berking, M. (2014). Efficacy of an internet-based problem-solving training for teachers: results of a randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 582-596. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2018",
          "ref": "Ebert DD, Buntrock C, Lehr D, et al. Effectiveness of Web- and Mobile-Based Treatment of Subthreshold Depression With Adherence-Focused Guidance: a Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior therapy 2018; 49(1): 71‐83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ede, 2020",
          "ref": "Ede MO, Igbo JN, Eseadi C, et al. Effect of group cognitive behavioural therapy on depressive symptoms in a sample of college adolescents in Nigeria. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. 2020;38(3):306-318."
        },
        {
          "study": "Farrer, 2011",
          "ref": "Farrer L, Christensen H, Griffiths KM, Mackinnon A. Internet-based CBT for depression with and without telephone tracking in a national helpline: Randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e28099."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fledderus, 2012",
          "ref": "Fledderus M, Bohlmeijer ET, Pieterse ME, Schreurs KM. Acceptance and commitment therapy as guided self-help for psychological distress and positive mental health: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(3):485-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Geraedts, 2014",
          "ref": "Geraedts AS, Kleiboer AM, Wiezer NM, van Mechelen W, Cuijpers P. Short-term effects of a web-based guided self-help intervention for employees with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2014;16(5):e121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gitlin, 2013",
          "ref": "Gitlin LN, Harris LF, McCoy MC, Chernett NL, Pizzi LT, Jutkowitz E, et al. A home-based intervention to reduce depressive symptoms and improve quality of life in older African Americans: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;159(4):243-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guo, 2020",
          "ref": "Guo Y, Hong YA, Cai W, et al. Effect of a WeChat-Based Intervention (Run4Love) on Depressive Symptoms Among People Living With HIV in China: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(2):e16715."
        },
        {
          "study": "Haringsma, 2006",
          "ref": "Haringsma R, Engels G, Cuijpers P, Spinhoven P. Effectiveness of the Coping With Depression (CWD) course for older adults provided by the community-based mental health care system in the Netherlands: A randomized controlled field trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2006;18(02):307-25."
        },
        {
          "study": "Harrer, 2021",
          "ref": "Harrer, M., Apolinário-Hagen, J., Fritsche, L., Salewski, C., Zarski, A. C., Lehr, D., Baumeister, H., Cuijpers, P., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effect of an internet- and app-based stress intervention compared to online psychoeducation in university students with depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Internet Interventions, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100374"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heller, 2020",
          "ref": "Heller HM, Hoogendoorn AW, Honig A, Broekman BFP, van Straten A. The Effectiveness of a Guided Internet-Based Tool for the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety in Pregnancy (MamaKits Online): Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(3):e15172."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hermanns, 2015",
          "ref": "Hermanns N, Schmitt A, Gahr A, Herder C, Nowotny B, Roden M, et al. The effect of a diabetes-specific cognitive behavioral treatment program (DIAMOS) for patients with diabetes and subclinical depression: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(4):551-60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2016",
          "ref": "Huang, C.-Y., Lai, H.-L., Chen, C.-I., Lu, Y.-C., Li, S.-C., Wang, L.-W., & Su, Y. (2016). Effects of motivational enhancement therapy plus cognitive behaviour therapy on depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life in adults with type II diabetes mellitus: A randomised controlled trial. Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care & Rehabilitation, 25(5), 1275-1283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Joling, 2011",
          "ref": "Joling KJ, Hout HP, van't Veer-Tazelaar PJ, Horst HE, Cuijpers P, Ven PM, et al. How effective is bibliotherapy for very old adults with subthreshold depression? A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2011;19(3):256-65."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kelly, 1993",
          "ref": "Kelly JA, Murphy DA, Bahr GR, Kalichman SC, Morgan MG, Stevenson LY, et al. Outcome of cognitive-behavioral and support group brief therapies for depressed, HIV-infected persons. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1993;150(11):1679-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kenter, 2016",
          "ref": "Kenter, R. M. F., Cuijpers, P., Beekman, A., & van Straten, A. (2016). Effectiveness of a Web-based guided self-help intervention for outpatients with a depressive disorder: Short-term results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(3)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Korte, 2012",
          "ref": "Korte J, Bohlmeijer ET, Cappeliez P, Smit F, Westerhof GJ. Life review therapy for older adults with moderate depressive symptomatology: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(6):1163-73."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2014",
          "ref": "Kramer, J., Conijn, B., Oijevaar, P., & Riper, H. (2014). Effectiveness of a web-based solution-focused brief chat treatment for depressed adolescents and young adults: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res, 16(5), e141. doi:10.2196/jmir.3261"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2021",
          "ref": "Krämer, L. V., Grünzig, S. D., Baumeister, H., Ebert, D. D., & Bengel, J. (2021). Effectiveness of a Guided Web-Based Intervention to Reduce Depressive Symptoms before Outpatient Psychotherapy: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 90(4), 233-242. https://doi.org/10.1159/000515625"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lamers, 2015",
          "ref": "Lamers SMA, Bohlmeijer ET, Korte J, Westerhof GJ. The efficacy of life-review as online-guided self-help for adults: A randomized trial. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 2015; 70B(1): 24-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lee, 2021",
          "ref": "Lee, E., Han, Y., Cha, Y. J., Oh, J. H., Hwang, N. R., Seo, H. J., & Choi, K. H. (2021). Community-Based Multi-Site Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation for Patients with Depressive Disorders [Article in Press]. Community mental health journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-021-00828-3"
        },
        {
          "study": "Levin, 2011",
          "ref": "Levin W, Campbell DR, McGovern KB, Gau JM, Kosty DB, Seeley JR, et al. A computer-assisted depression intervention in primary care. Psychological Medicine. 2011;41(7):1373-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lintvedt, 2013",
          "ref": "Lintvedt OK, Griffiths KM, Sorensen K, ÿstvik AR, Wang CE, Eisemann M, et al. Evaluating the effectiveness and efficacy of unguided internet-based self-help intervention for the prevention of depression: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2013;20(1):10-27."
        },
        {
          "study": "Losada, 2015",
          "ref": "Losada A, Márquez-González M, Romero-Moreno R, Mausbach BT, López J, Fernández-Fernández V, et al. Cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for dementia family caregivers with significant depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(4):760-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "McCusker, 2021",
          "ref": "McCusker, J., Jones, J. M., Li, M., Faria, R., Yaffe, M. J., Lambert, S. D., Ciampi, A., Belzile, E., & de Raad, M. (2021). CanDirect: Effectiveness of a Telephone-Supported Depression Self-Care Intervention for Cancer Survivors. J Clin Oncol, 39(10), 1150-1161. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.20.01802"
        },
        {
          "study": "Mennen, 2021",
          "ref": "Mennen, F. E., Palmer Molina, A., Monro, W. L., Duan, L., Stuart, S., & Sosna, T. (2021). Effectiveness of an Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) Group Depression Treatment for Head Start Mothers: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. J Affect Disord, 280(Pt B), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.074"
        },
        {
          "study": "Moskowitz, 2021",
          "ref": "Moskowitz, J. T., Addington, E. L., Shiu, E., Bassett, S. M., Schuette, S., Kwok, I., Freedman, M. E., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., Cohn, M. A., & Cheung, E. O. Facilitator Contact, Discussion Boards, and Virtual Badges as Adherence Enhancements to a Web-Based, Self-guided, Positive Psychological Intervention for Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 23(9), e25922."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nobis, 2015",
          "ref": "Nobis S, Lehr D, Ebert DD, Baumeister H, Snoek F, Riper H, et al. Efficacy of a web-based intervention with mobile phone support in treating depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(5):776-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pachankis, 2020",
          "ref": "Pachankis JE, McConocha EM, Clark KA, Wang K, Behari K, Fetzner BK, et al. A transdiagnostic minority stress intervention for gender diverse sexual minority women's depression, anxiety, and unhealthy alcohol use: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 2020;88(7):613-30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Penckofer, 2012",
          "ref": "Penckofer SM, Ferrans C, Mumby P, Byrn M, Emanuele MA, Harrison PR, et al. A psychoeducational intervention (SWEEP) for depressed women with diabetes. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2012;44(2):192-206."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pibernik-Okanovic, 2015",
          "ref": "Pibernik-Okanović M, Hermanns N, Ajduković D, Kos J, Prašek M, Šekerija M, Lovrenčić MV. Does treatment of subsyndromal depression improve depression-related and diabetes-related outcomes? A randomised controlled comparison of psychoeducation, physical exercise and enhanced treatment as usual. Trials. 2015 Jul 15;16:305."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pot, 2010",
          "ref": "Pot AM, Bohlmeijer ET, Onrust S, Melenhorst A-S, Veerbeek M, De Vries W. The impact of life review on depression in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2010;22(4):572-81."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pots, 2014",
          "ref": "Pots WTM, Meulenbeek PAM, Veehof MM, Klungers J, Bohlmeijer ET. The efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a public mental health intervention for adults with mild to moderate depressive symptomatology: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2014;9(10)."
        },
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          "study": "Pots, 2016",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "study": "Schuster, 2017",
          "ref": "Schuster, R., Leitner, I., Carlbring, P., & Laireiter, A.-R. (2017). Exploring blended group interventions for depression: randomised controlled feasibility study of a blended computer- and multimedia-supported psychoeducational group intervention for adults with depressive symptoms. Internet Interventions, 8, 63-71."
        },
        {
          "study": "Serrano, 2004",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Tobin, 2017",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Unlu-Ince, 2013",
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        },
        {
          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
          "ref": "van Luenen, S., Garnefski, N., Spinhoven, P., & Kraaij, V. (2018). Guided internet-based intervention for people with HIV and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial in the Netherlands. The lancet HIV, 5(9), e488-e497."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2017",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Torres, Á., Otero, P., Blanco, V., Díaz, O., & Estévez, L. E. (2017). Analysis of the components of a cognitive-behavioral intervention administered via conference call for preventing depression among non-professional caregivers: A pilot study. Aging Ment Health, 21(9), 938-946."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2020",
          "ref": "Vázquez FL, López L, Torres Á J, et al. Analysis of the Components of a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for the prevention of Depression Administered via Conference Call to Nonprofessional Caregivers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(6)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Blanco, V., Hita, I., Torres, Á. J., Otero, P., Páramo, M., & Salmerón, M. (2023). Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(18)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez-Gonzalez, 2013",
          "ref": "Vázquez González FL, Otero Otero P, Torres Iglesias A, Hermida Garcìa E, Blanco Seoane V, Dìaz Fernández O. A brief problem-solving indicated-prevention intervention for prevention of depression in nonprofessional caregivers. Psicothema. 2013;25(1):87-92."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vázquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., et al. (2023). \"Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial.\" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12(18). "
        },
        {
          "study": "Walker, 2014",
          "ref": "Walker JV, Lampropoulos GK. A comparison of self-help (homework) activities for mood enhancement: Results from a brief randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration. 2014;24(1):46-64."
        },
        {
          "study": "Warmerdam, 2008",
          "ref": "Warmerdam L, Straten A, Twisk J, Riper H, Cuijpers P. Internet-based treatment for adults with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2008;10(4):e44."
        },
        {
          "study": "Westerhof, 2019",
          "ref": "Westerhof, G. J., Lamers, S. M. A., Postel, M. G., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2019). Online Therapy for Depressive Symptoms: An Evaluation of Counselor-Led and Peer-Supported Life Review Therapy. The Gerontologist, 59(1), 135-146. doi:10.1093/geront/gnx140"
        },
        {
          "study": "Wuthrich, 2013",
          "ref": "Wuthrich VM, Rapee RM. Randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behavioural therapy for comorbid anxiety and depression in older adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2013;51(12):779-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        },
        {
          "study": "van der Zanden, 2012",
          "ref": "van der Zanden, R., Kramer, J., Gerrits, R., & Cuijpers, P. (2012). Effectiveness of an online group course for depression in adolescents and young adults: a randomized trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 14(3), e86."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 409,
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      "k": 33,
      "k_es": 45,
      "sd": 9.576,
      "lo": 8.332,
      "hi": 11.006,
      "tau2": 0.1614,
      "tau2w": null,
      "plo": 4.305,
      "phi": 21.302,
      "i2": 98.2,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Baumgartner, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumgartner, C., Schaub, M. P., Wenger, A., Malischnig, D., Augsburger, M., Lehr, D., . . . Haug, S. (2021). \"Take Care of You\" - Efficacy of integrated, minimal-guidance, internet-based self-help for reducing co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression symptoms in adults: Results of a three-arm randomized controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Depend, 225, 108806. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108806"
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2023",
          "ref": "Blanco V, Otero P, Vázquez FL. A pilot study for a smartphone app for the prevention of depression in non-professional caregivers. Aging Ment Health. 2023 Jan;27(1):166-175. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2056878. Epub 2022 Mar 30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2018",
          "ref": "Boele FW, Klein M, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for glioma patients with depressive symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of neuro-oncology 2018; 137(1): 191‐203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2021",
          "ref": "Boele, F. W., et al. (2021). \"The effects of SmartCare© on neuro-oncology family caregivers’ distress: a randomized controlled trial.\" Supportive Care in Cancer."
        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
        {
          "study": "Buntrock, 2015",
          "ref": "Buntrock C, Ebert D, Lehr D, Riper H, Smit F, Cuijpers P, et al. Effectiveness of a web-based cognitive behavioural intervention for subthreshold depression: Pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(6):348-58."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2014",
          "ref": "Ebert, D. D., Lehr, D., Boß, L., Riper, H., Cuijpers, P., Andersson, G., . . . Berking, M. (2014). Efficacy of an internet-based problem-solving training for teachers: results of a randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 582-596. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2018",
          "ref": "Ebert DD, Buntrock C, Lehr D, et al. Effectiveness of Web- and Mobile-Based Treatment of Subthreshold Depression With Adherence-Focused Guidance: a Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior therapy 2018; 49(1): 71‐83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Farrer, 2011",
          "ref": "Farrer L, Christensen H, Griffiths KM, Mackinnon A. Internet-based CBT for depression with and without telephone tracking in a national helpline: Randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e28099."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fledderus, 2012",
          "ref": "Fledderus M, Bohlmeijer ET, Pieterse ME, Schreurs KM. Acceptance and commitment therapy as guided self-help for psychological distress and positive mental health: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(3):485-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Geraedts, 2014",
          "ref": "Geraedts AS, Kleiboer AM, Wiezer NM, van Mechelen W, Cuijpers P. Short-term effects of a web-based guided self-help intervention for employees with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2014;16(5):e121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guo, 2020",
          "ref": "Guo Y, Hong YA, Cai W, et al. Effect of a WeChat-Based Intervention (Run4Love) on Depressive Symptoms Among People Living With HIV in China: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(2):e16715."
        },
        {
          "study": "Harrer, 2021",
          "ref": "Harrer, M., Apolinário-Hagen, J., Fritsche, L., Salewski, C., Zarski, A. C., Lehr, D., Baumeister, H., Cuijpers, P., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effect of an internet- and app-based stress intervention compared to online psychoeducation in university students with depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Internet Interventions, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100374"
        },
        {
          "study": "Joling, 2011",
          "ref": "Joling KJ, Hout HP, van't Veer-Tazelaar PJ, Horst HE, Cuijpers P, Ven PM, et al. How effective is bibliotherapy for very old adults with subthreshold depression? A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2011;19(3):256-65."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kenter, 2016",
          "ref": "Kenter, R. M. F., Cuijpers, P., Beekman, A., & van Straten, A. (2016). Effectiveness of a Web-based guided self-help intervention for outpatients with a depressive disorder: Short-term results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(3)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2021",
          "ref": "Krämer, L. V., Grünzig, S. D., Baumeister, H., Ebert, D. D., & Bengel, J. (2021). Effectiveness of a Guided Web-Based Intervention to Reduce Depressive Symptoms before Outpatient Psychotherapy: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychother Psychosom, 90(4), 233-242. https://doi.org/10.1159/000515625"
        },
        {
          "study": "Lamers, 2015",
          "ref": "Lamers SMA, Bohlmeijer ET, Korte J, Westerhof GJ. The efficacy of life-review as online-guided self-help for adults: A randomized trial. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 2015; 70B(1): 24-34."
        },
        {
          "study": "Levin, 2011",
          "ref": "Levin W, Campbell DR, McGovern KB, Gau JM, Kosty DB, Seeley JR, et al. A computer-assisted depression intervention in primary care. Psychological Medicine. 2011;41(7):1373-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Lintvedt, 2013",
          "ref": "Lintvedt OK, Griffiths KM, Sorensen K, ÿstvik AR, Wang CE, Eisemann M, et al. Evaluating the effectiveness and efficacy of unguided internet-based self-help intervention for the prevention of depression: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2013;20(1):10-27."
        },
        {
          "study": "McCusker, 2021",
          "ref": "McCusker, J., Jones, J. M., Li, M., Faria, R., Yaffe, M. J., Lambert, S. D., Ciampi, A., Belzile, E., & de Raad, M. (2021). CanDirect: Effectiveness of a Telephone-Supported Depression Self-Care Intervention for Cancer Survivors. J Clin Oncol, 39(10), 1150-1161. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.20.01802"
        },
        {
          "study": "Moskowitz, 2021",
          "ref": "Moskowitz, J. T., Addington, E. L., Shiu, E., Bassett, S. M., Schuette, S., Kwok, I., Freedman, M. E., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., Cohn, M. A., & Cheung, E. O. Facilitator Contact, Discussion Boards, and Virtual Badges as Adherence Enhancements to a Web-Based, Self-guided, Positive Psychological Intervention for Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res, 23(9), e25922."
        },
        {
          "study": "Nobis, 2015",
          "ref": "Nobis S, Lehr D, Ebert DD, Baumeister H, Snoek F, Riper H, et al. Efficacy of a web-based intervention with mobile phone support in treating depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(5):776-83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pots, 2016",
          "ref": "Pots WT, Fledderus M, Meulenbeek PA, ten Klooster PM, Schreurs KM, Bohlmeijer ET. Acceptance and commitment therapy as a web-based intervention for depressive symptoms: Randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2016;208(1):69-77."
        },
        {
          "study": "Roepke, 2015",
          "ref": "Roepke AM, Jaffee SR, Riffle OM, McGonigal J, Broome R, Maxwell B. Randomized controlled trial of SuperBetter, a smartphone-based/internet-based self-help tool to reduce depressive symptoms. Games for Health 2015-4(3): 235-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Schlicker, 2020",
          "ref": "Schlicker S, Baumeister H, Buntrock C, et al. A web- And mobile-based intervention for comorbid, recurrent depression in patients with chronic back pain on sick leave (get.back): Pilot randomized controlled trial on feasibility, user satisfaction, and effectiveness. JMIR Mental Health. 2020;7(4)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Unlu-Ince, 2013",
          "ref": "Unlu Ince B, Cuijpers P, t Hof E, Ballegooijen W, Christensen H, Riper H. Internet-based, culturally sensitive, problem-solving therapy for Turkish migrants with depression: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2013;15(10):e227."
        },
        {
          "study": "Van Luenen, 2018",
          "ref": "van Luenen, S., Garnefski, N., Spinhoven, P., & Kraaij, V. (2018). Guided internet-based intervention for people with HIV and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial in the Netherlands. The lancet HIV, 5(9), e488-e497."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vazquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., Blanco, V., Hita, I., Torres, Á. J., Otero, P., Páramo, M., & Salmerón, M. (2023). Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(18)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Vázquez, 2023",
          "ref": "Vázquez, F. L., et al. (2023). \"Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial.\" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12(18). "
        },
        {
          "study": "Warmerdam, 2008",
          "ref": "Warmerdam L, Straten A, Twisk J, Riper H, Cuijpers P. Internet-based treatment for adults with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2008;10(4):e44."
        },
        {
          "study": "Westerhof, 2019",
          "ref": "Westerhof, G. J., Lamers, S. M. A., Postel, M. G., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2019). Online Therapy for Depressive Symptoms: An Evaluation of Counselor-Led and Peer-Supported Life Review Therapy. The Gerontologist, 59(1), 135-146. doi:10.1093/geront/gnx140"
        },
        {
          "study": "Ying, 2022",
          "ref": "Ying, Y., Ji, Y., Kong, F., Wang, M., Chen, Q., Wang, L., . . . Ruan, L. (2022). Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for subthreshold depression among Chinese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine, 1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291722000599"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 410,
      "instr": "CES-D",
      "full": "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale",
      "indication": null,
      "sg": "Format",
      "sgv": "Guided self-help",
      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
      "k": 68,
      "k_es": 95,
      "sd": 9.193,
      "lo": 8.22,
      "hi": 10.281,
      "tau2": 0.1993,
      "tau2w": 0.011,
      "plo": 3.717,
      "phi": 22.739,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
          "ref": "Addington, E. L., Cheung, E. O., Bassett, S. M., Kwok, I., Schuette, S. A., Shiu, E., Yang, D., Cohn, M. A., Leykin, Y., Saslow, L. R., & Moskowitz, J. T. The MARIGOLD study: Feasibility and enhancement of an online intervention to improve emotion regulation in people with elevated depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord, 257, 352-364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711819/pdf/nihms-1534942.pdf"
        },
        {
          "study": "Afonso, 2009",
          "ref": "Afonso, R., & Bueno, B. (2009). Efectos de un programa de reminiscencia sobre la sintomatología depresiva en una muestra de población mayor portuguesa. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 44(6), 317-322."
        },
        {
          "study": "Baumgartner, 2021",
          "ref": "Baumgartner, C., Schaub, M. P., Wenger, A., Malischnig, D., Augsburger, M., Lehr, D., . . . Haug, S. (2021). \"Take Care of You\" - Efficacy of integrated, minimal-guidance, internet-based self-help for reducing co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression symptoms in adults: Results of a three-arm randomized controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Depend, 225, 108806. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108806"
        },
        {
          "study": "Beeber, 2010",
          "ref": "Beeber LS, Holditch-Davis D, Perreira K, Schwartz TA, Lewis V, Blanchard H, et al. Short-term in-home intervention reduces depressive symptoms in Early Head Start Latina mothers of infants and toddlers. Research in Nursing and Health. 2010;33(1):60-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Blanco, 2023",
          "ref": "Blanco V, Otero P, Vázquez FL. A pilot study for a smartphone app for the prevention of depression in non-professional caregivers. Aging Ment Health. 2023 Jan;27(1):166-175. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2056878. Epub 2022 Mar 30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2018",
          "ref": "Boele FW, Klein M, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM, et al. Internet-based guided self-help for glioma patients with depressive symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of neuro-oncology 2018; 137(1): 191‐203."
        },
        {
          "study": "Boele, 2021",
          "ref": "Boele, F. W., et al. (2021). \"The effects of SmartCare© on neuro-oncology family caregivers’ distress: a randomized controlled trial.\" Supportive Care in Cancer."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bohlmeijer, 2011",
          "ref": "Bohlmeijer ET, Fledderus M, Rokx TA, Pieterse ME. Efficacy of an early intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy for adults with depressive symptomatology: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy. 2011;49(1):62-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Bower, 2021",
          "ref": "Bower, J. E., Partridge, A. H., Wolff, A. C., Thorner, E. D., Irwin, M. R., Joffe, H., Petersen, L., Crespi, C. M., & Ganz, P. A. (2021, Nov 1). Targeting Depressive Symptoms in Younger Breast Cancer Survivors: The Pathways to Wellness Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness Meditation and Survivorship Education. J Clin Oncol, 39(31), 3473-3484. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.21.00279"
        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
        {
          "study": "Buntrock, 2015",
          "ref": "Buntrock C, Ebert D, Lehr D, Riper H, Smit F, Cuijpers P, et al. Effectiveness of a web-based cognitive behavioural intervention for subthreshold depression: Pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2015;84(6):348-58."
        },
        {
          "study": "Chesney, 2003",
          "ref": "Chesney MA, Chambers DB, Taylor JM, Johnson LM, Folkman S. Coping effectiveness training for men living with HIV: Results from a randomized clinical trial testing a group-based intervention. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2003;65(6):1038-46."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2014",
          "ref": "Ebert, D. D., Lehr, D., Boß, L., Riper, H., Cuijpers, P., Andersson, G., . . . Berking, M. (2014). Efficacy of an internet-based problem-solving training for teachers: results of a randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 582-596. "
        },
        {
          "study": "Ebert, 2018",
          "ref": "Ebert DD, Buntrock C, Lehr D, et al. Effectiveness of Web- and Mobile-Based Treatment of Subthreshold Depression With Adherence-Focused Guidance: a Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior therapy 2018; 49(1): 71‐83."
        },
        {
          "study": "Ede, 2020",
          "ref": "Ede MO, Igbo JN, Eseadi C, et al. Effect of group cognitive behavioural therapy on depressive symptoms in a sample of college adolescents in Nigeria. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. 2020;38(3):306-318."
        },
        {
          "study": "Farrer, 2011",
          "ref": "Farrer L, Christensen H, Griffiths KM, Mackinnon A. Internet-based CBT for depression with and without telephone tracking in a national helpline: Randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e28099."
        },
        {
          "study": "Fledderus, 2012",
          "ref": "Fledderus M, Bohlmeijer ET, Pieterse ME, Schreurs KM. Acceptance and commitment therapy as guided self-help for psychological distress and positive mental health: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(3):485-95."
        },
        {
          "study": "Geraedts, 2014",
          "ref": "Geraedts AS, Kleiboer AM, Wiezer NM, van Mechelen W, Cuijpers P. Short-term effects of a web-based guided self-help intervention for employees with depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2014;16(5):e121."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gitlin, 2013",
          "ref": "Gitlin LN, Harris LF, McCoy MC, Chernett NL, Pizzi LT, Jutkowitz E, et al. A home-based intervention to reduce depressive symptoms and improve quality of life in older African Americans: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;159(4):243-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Guo, 2020",
          "ref": "Guo Y, Hong YA, Cai W, et al. Effect of a WeChat-Based Intervention (Run4Love) on Depressive Symptoms Among People Living With HIV in China: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(2):e16715."
        },
        {
          "study": "Haringsma, 2006",
          "ref": "Haringsma R, Engels G, Cuijpers P, Spinhoven P. Effectiveness of the Coping With Depression (CWD) course for older adults provided by the community-based mental health care system in the Netherlands: A randomized controlled field trial. International Psychogeriatrics. 2006;18(02):307-25."
        },
        {
          "study": "Harrer, 2021",
          "ref": "Harrer, M., Apolinário-Hagen, J., Fritsche, L., Salewski, C., Zarski, A. C., Lehr, D., Baumeister, H., Cuijpers, P., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Effect of an internet- and app-based stress intervention compared to online psychoeducation in university students with depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized controlled trial [Article]. Internet Interventions, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100374"
        },
        {
          "study": "Heller, 2020",
          "ref": "Heller HM, Hoogendoorn AW, Honig A, Broekman BFP, van Straten A. The Effectiveness of a Guided Internet-Based Tool for the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety in Pregnancy (MamaKits Online): Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(3):e15172."
        },
        {
          "study": "Hermanns, 2015",
          "ref": "Hermanns N, Schmitt A, Gahr A, Herder C, Nowotny B, Roden M, et al. The effect of a diabetes-specific cognitive behavioral treatment program (DIAMOS) for patients with diabetes and subclinical depression: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2015;38(4):551-60."
        },
        {
          "study": "Huang, 2016",
          "ref": "Huang, C.-Y., Lai, H.-L., Chen, C.-I., Lu, Y.-C., Li, S.-C., Wang, L.-W., & Su, Y. (2016). Effects of motivational enhancement therapy plus cognitive behaviour therapy on depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life in adults with type II diabetes mellitus: A randomised controlled trial. Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care & Rehabilitation, 25(5), 1275-1283."
        },
        {
          "study": "Joling, 2011",
          "ref": "Joling KJ, Hout HP, van't Veer-Tazelaar PJ, Horst HE, Cuijpers P, Ven PM, et al. How effective is bibliotherapy for very old adults with subthreshold depression? A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2011;19(3):256-65."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kelly, 1993",
          "ref": "Kelly JA, Murphy DA, Bahr GR, Kalichman SC, Morgan MG, Stevenson LY, et al. Outcome of cognitive-behavioral and support group brief therapies for depressed, HIV-infected persons. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1993;150(11):1679-86."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kenter, 2016",
          "ref": "Kenter, R. M. F., Cuijpers, P., Beekman, A., & van Straten, A. (2016). Effectiveness of a Web-based guided self-help intervention for outpatients with a depressive disorder: Short-term results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(3)."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Korte, 2012",
          "ref": "Korte J, Bohlmeijer ET, Cappeliez P, Smit F, Westerhof GJ. Life review therapy for older adults with moderate depressive symptomatology: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2012;42(6):1163-73."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2014",
          "ref": "Kramer, J., Conijn, B., Oijevaar, P., & Riper, H. (2014). Effectiveness of a web-based solution-focused brief chat treatment for depressed adolescents and young adults: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res, 16(5), e141. doi:10.2196/jmir.3261"
        },
        {
          "study": "Kramer, 2021",
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
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          "study": "Sun, 2022",
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        },
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          "study": "Tobin, 2017",
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "study": "Afonso, 2009",
          "ref": "Afonso, R., & Bueno, B. (2009). Efectos de un programa de reminiscencia sobre la sintomatología depresiva en una muestra de población mayor portuguesa. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 44(6), 317-322."
        },
        {
          "study": "Beeber, 2010",
          "ref": "Beeber LS, Holditch-Davis D, Perreira K, Schwartz TA, Lewis V, Blanchard H, et al. Short-term in-home intervention reduces depressive symptoms in Early Head Start Latina mothers of infants and toddlers. Research in Nursing and Health. 2010;33(1):60-76."
        },
        {
          "study": "Brown, 1984",
          "ref": "Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM. A psychoeducational approach to the treatment of depression: Comparison of group, individual, and minimal contact procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52(5):774."
        },
        {
          "study": "Gitlin, 2013",
          "ref": "Gitlin LN, Harris LF, McCoy MC, Chernett NL, Pizzi LT, Jutkowitz E, et al. A home-based intervention to reduce depressive symptoms and improve quality of life in older African Americans: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;159(4):243-52."
        },
        {
          "study": "Heller, 2020",
          "ref": "Heller HM, Hoogendoorn AW, Honig A, Broekman BFP, van Straten A. The Effectiveness of a Guided Internet-Based Tool for the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety in Pregnancy (MamaKits Online): Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(3):e15172."
        },
        {
          "study": "Kleiboer, 2015",
          "ref": "Kleiboer, A., Donker, T., Seekles, W., van Straten, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). A randomized controlled trial on the role of support in Internet-based problem solving therapy for depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 72, 63-71. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.013"
        },
        {
          "study": "Losada, 2015",
          "ref": "Losada A, Márquez-González M, Romero-Moreno R, Mausbach BT, López J, Fernández-Fernández V, et al. Cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for dementia family caregivers with significant depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015;83(4):760-72."
        },
        {
          "study": "Pachankis, 2020",
          "ref": "Pachankis JE, McConocha EM, Clark KA, Wang K, Behari K, Fetzner BK, et al. A transdiagnostic minority stress intervention for gender diverse sexual minority women's depression, anxiety, and unhealthy alcohol use: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 2020;88(7):613-30."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2016",
          "ref": "Safren SA, Bedoya CA, O'Cleirigh C, Biello KB, Pinkston MM, Stein MD, et al. Cognitive behavioural therapy for adherence and depression in patients with HIV: A three-arm randomised controlled trial. The Lancet HIV. 2016;3(11):e529-e38."
        },
        {
          "study": "Safren, 2021",
          "ref": "Safren, S. A., O'Cleirigh, C., Andersen, L. S., Magidson, J. F., Lee, J. S., Bainter, S. A., . . . Joska, J. A. (2021). Treating depression and improving adherence in HIV care with task-shared cognitive behavioural therapy in Khayelitsha, South Africa: a randomized controlled trial. J Int AIDS Soc, 24(10), e25823. doi:10.1002/jia2.25823"
        },
        {
          "study": "Serrano, 2004",
          "ref": "Serrano JP, Latorre JM, Gatz M, Montanes J. Life review therapy using autobiographical retrieval practice for older adults with depressive symptomatology. Psychology and Aging. 2004;19(2):270-7."
        },
        {
          "study": "Sun, 2022",
          "ref": "Sun, Q., Xu, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., & Lv, Y. (2022). Behavioral Activation Therapy for Subthreshold Depression in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 2795-2805. doi:10.2147/NDT.S392403"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 412,
      "instr": "CES-D",
      "full": "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale",
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      "sg": "Format",
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      "model": "Overall (pooled)",
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      "k_es": 95,
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      "tau2w": 0.011,
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      "phi": 22.739,
      "i2": null,
      "psg": null,
      "refs": [
        {
          "study": "Addington, 2019",
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        },
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